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This is the full text. Good news that the rate is in free fall, frightening and sickening that 6.5 million innocent American boys were mutilated between 2006 and 2009. Gloria
By Mitchel L. Zoler
Elsevier Global Medical News
VIENNA (EGMN) – Circumcision rates for newborn boys in the United States
dropped steadily and markedly over the past 4 years, based on the largest
review of U.S. rates ever done.
Circumcision rates fell from 56% in 2006 to 33% in 2009.
The review, which included more than 6.5 million U.S. newborn boys during
the period, also showed that adverse event rates following newborn male
circumcision were “extremely low,” and that the most common adverse events
were “mild and easily corrected,” Charbel El Bcheraoui, Ph.D., said at the
18th International AIDS Conference.
“Severe male circumcision-related adverse events are extremely rare,” said
Dr. El Bcheraoui, an epidemic intelligence service officer in the division
of HIV/AIDS prevention at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
The dramatic decline in circumcision rates during 2006-2009 continued a
trend that began in the United States earlier in the decade, although the
fall appeared to accelerate recently, he said. He attributed the drop to a
1999 statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics that said existing data
were not sufficient to recommend routine newborn male circumcision
Another factor may be that following the AAP statement, several states
withdrew Medicaid coverage of newborn male circumcision, Dr. El Bcheraoui
said. An earlier report by him and his CDC associates documented that during
1979-2006, the U.S. newborn male circumcision rate was relatively stable,
with an average rate of 61%.
The recent fall in U.S. circumcision rates coincided with reports from three
African-based randomized controlled trials in 2005-2007 that showed
circumcised men had a 50%-70% reduced risk for acquiring HIV infection,
compared with uncircumcised men. These findings led the World Health
Organization and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS to recommend
male circumcision as an important intervention to reduce the risk for
heterosexually acquired HIV infection in 2007. The CDC and AAP are now
independently interpreting the application of these recent findings on HIV
transmission to the United States based on U.S. prevalence rates of HIV and
circumcision, he said.
The new study also analyzed 90-day outcome data on 258,189 boys and men aged
1 or older who underwent circumcision during 2006-2009, and found that
adverse events occurred much more frequently in this age group, “an
important new finding,” Dr. El Bcheraoui said.
His study used data from the largest U.S. consolidator of electronic health
care reimbursement claims, which included data on 117 million unique U.S.
patients annually undergoing short hospital stays, and data from more than
800,000 unique U.S. health care providers. In this database, 6,571,500
newborn boys underwent circumcision during 2006-2009. To estimate the
incidence of circumcision-associated adverse events, the researchers tallied
the rate of any of 41 different ICD-9 and CPT codes that could be such
events during the 90 days following circumcision. They also compared these
rates in 18,330 infants circumcised within the first month of life with a
matched set of uncircumcised infants.
The data showed that the rates for a range of adverse events, such as
mishaps, correctional procedures, and infections were substantially lower in
boys less than 1 year old, compared with boys aged 1-9 years, and with boys
and men aged 10 years or older. For example, mishaps occurred in none of the
boys aged less than 1 year or aged 1-9 years, but in 158/100,000 boys and
men aged 10 years or older. The rate of correctional procedures was
58/100,000; 2,544/100,000; and 1,709/100,000 in the three age groups,
respectively. Infections occurred at a rate of 154/100,000; 5,664/100,000;
and 4,527/100,000 in the three age groups.
The case-control analysis identified only two types of adverse events that
were more common in circumcised newborn boys, compared with matched
uncircumcised infants: repair for incomplete circumcision, and lysis or
excision of penile adhesions. All other adverse events tallied either
similar rates among the cases and controls, or were significantly more
common among the controls.
“This is the largest study to examine the incidence of male circumcision
adverse events to date. It is highly representative [for the United States],
with a large data set” and with a large number of potential adverse events
tracked, Dr. El Bcheraoui said. One of the strengths of the study was its
longitudinal design, which followed subjects for 90 days following
Dr. El Bcheraoui and his associates said they had no disclosures. | <urn:uuid:1f04c37c-c464-4ac0-ba4e-871043351edb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wisewomanwayofbirth.com/full-text-of-circumcision-rate-falling-news/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00372-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946494 | 1,117 | 1.960938 | 2 |
SCA3: Neurological features, pathogenesis and animal models
- First Online:
- Cite this article as:
- Riess, O., Rüb, U., Pastore, A. et al. Cerebellum (2008) 7: 125. doi:10.1007/s12311-008-0013-4
- 478 Downloads
The most frequent subtype of autosomal dominant inherited spinocerebellar ataxias is caused by CAG repeat expansions of more than 55 units in the ataxin-3 gene. The clinical variability of the phenotype depends on the length of the expanded repeat and the age at onset (and thus indirectly with the repeat size). Anticipation of the phenotype is most frequently associated with repeat expansions in paternal transmission. In this review we describe four clinical subphenotypes and correlate them to the respective repeat expansions. We also provide a detailed description of the neuropathological features. Finally, we discuss the current knowledge on the function of normal and dysfunction of altered ataxin-3 and how this translates to the predicted structure of the protein. | <urn:uuid:cc814257-3b93-42d2-b6e2-98b4601a95c4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12311-008-0013-4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.789336 | 229 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Crest International Spell Bee
About Crest International Spell Bee (Winter round) (CSBW) and Crest International Spell Bee Summer (CSB)
Crest International Spell Bee (winter round) (CSBW) and Crest International Spell Bee Summer (CSB) are the recommended exams for testing the skills of meaning, spelling and pronunciation of the words in English language. CSBW and CSB has been organized at National and International level for class 1 -8 students.
This exam is consist of two sections:
- Section 1: Spell Bee (55 minutes) – Multiple Choice Questions
- Section 2: Get, Set, Spell! (5 minutes) – Audio based questions. The student needs to hear the sentence and write the spelling.
Benefits of CSBW and CSB Olympiad Exam
- English language vocabulary and spellings
- Enhancing English speaking and listening capabilities
How to participate
- Registration of Students through schools: School registered with CREST Olympiad will receive prospectus containing the registration forms. Please send an email to [email protected] if your school is not registered and CREST will send you the prospectus. School shall return the duly filled registration forms to CREST Olympiad by the due date.
- Registration for individual participants: Student can register as an individual participant if your school does not conduct Olympiads.
- Different question papers for each and every class.
- Oxford Learner’s Dictionary is used for reference for spellings & meanings. If the word is not found in this dictionary, then it is assumed that word does not exist.
- Exam is conducted in English
- Exam covers CBSE, ICSE/ISC and other State Board syllabus.
- Student can take the online exams on web-enabled devices like laptop, tablet or desktop with webcam. Take the test from mobile device is not allowed.
- Teacher/parent will be assisting the students of classes Prep/KG and 1 in guiding through the questions.
- In student has registered as an individual participant, then the student will have to take exam from home.
- The exam fee for is Rs. 225.00 for students studying and enrolling from India.
- The exam fee for is USD 10 for students studying and residing outside of India
Marking Scheme for CSB for Level 1 and Level 2 is as below
Note: For special needs students will get 50% more time than that given to the regular students of grades 1 to 8 and will be assisted by parent/teacher.
Marking Scheme for CSBW is as below
Note: For special needs students will get 50% more time than that given to the regular students of grades 1 to 10 and will be assisted by parent/teacher.
For more details, Please visit the link https://www.crestolympiads.com or contact Indian Online School at +91-7993461226 | <urn:uuid:95e43b66-f3c1-4719-9284-d7b0e38eccac> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://indianonlineschool.com/olympiad/crest-olympiads/crest-international-spell-bee/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.926337 | 608 | 2.21875 | 2 |
- What is Diwali and how is it celebrated?
- How long does Diwali last in 2022?
- What happens on the third day of Diwali?
- What is Deepawali?
- What is the importance of Diwali in India?
- Why is Diwali called the festival of lights?
- Who started the festival of Diwali?
- What happens on the 3rd day of Diwali?
- How many days to go until Diwali 2022?
- How long does Diwali last?
- Which is the darkest day of Diwali in 2021?
- When is Diwali in South India this year?
- What is the third day of Diwali called?
- How long is Diwali (and why)?
- Why do we light diyas on Diwali?
- Why do we celebrate Govardhan Puja on Diwali?
- What is Deepawali or Deepavali?
- What is Deepavali and how is it celebrated?
- What is Diwali?
- What is the significance of Deepawali in Jainism?
What is Diwali and how is it celebrated?
Diwali is marked by four days of celebration, which literally illuminates the country with its brilliance and dazzles people with its joy. The Diwali festival occurs in late October or early November. It falls on the 15th day of the Hindu month of Kartik, so it varies every year.
How long does Diwali last in 2022?
Diwali festivities usually last for 5 days. Each day has a different name and rituals. In 2022, Diwali falls on October 24th and the main celebrations last from October 22nd to 26th.
What happens on the third day of Diwali?
On the third day, Lakshmi Puja, families seek blessings from Lakshmi to ensure their prosperity; light diya s, candles, and fireworks; and visit temples. It is the main day of the Diwali festival.
What is Deepawali?
Deepawali, Deepavali, or Diwali is the biggest and the brightest of all Hindu festivals. It is the festival of lights: deep means light and avali a row to become a row of lights. Diwali is marked by four days of celebration, which literally illuminates the country with its brilliance and dazzles people with its joy. jayk7/Getty Images
What is the importance of Diwali in India?
Diwali, also known as the Festival of Lights, is the most important national festival of the year in India, celebrating the victory of good over evil and light over darkness. It tops all other festivals with its long-lasting and multi-faith celebrations in India. The importance of Diwali for Indians is like Christmas’s for Westerners.
Why is Diwali called the festival of lights?
Diwali is known as the festival of lights because houses, shops and public places are decorated with small oil lamps called diyas. When is Diwali?
Who started the festival of Diwali?
Started by. People of Ayodhya. Related to. Diwali (Jainism), Bandi Chhor Divas, Tihar, Swanti, Sohrai, Bandna. Diwali ( English: / dɪˈwɑːliː /; Deepavali ( IAST: dīpāvali) or Divali) is a festival of lights and one of the major festivals celebrated by Hindus, Jains and Sikhs.
What happens on the 3rd day of Diwali?
Diwali, Lakshmi Puja (Day 3) The third day is the height of the festival, and coincides with the last day of the dark fortnight of the lunar month. This is the day when Hindu, Jain and Sikh temples and homes are aglow with lights, thereby making it the festival of lights.
How Long Does Diwali Last? Diwali is a Hindu festival that lasts for five days, culminating in the Hindu New Year. Diwali starts on the fifteenth day of the month of Kartika according to the Hindu calendar.
Which is the darkest day of Diwali in 2021?
What is the third day of Diwali called?
The third day of Diwali is known as Lakshmi Puja, the most important day among the five days of festival. Lakshmi Puja is dedicated to Goddess Lakshmi,the Hindu goddess of wealth, fortune, prosperity and the embodiment of beauty.
How long is Diwali (and why)?
The 5 days of Diwali do not last merely five days but almost the entire week, the celebrations lasting 5 days and after-effects here and there for the remaining two days. The beauty of this festival is the unity of five different ideas, each of which takes place in a special thought or ideal every day.
Why do we light diyas on Diwali?
It is believed that on this day, the body must be massaged by oil to alleviate fatigue, bathing and rest so as to celebrate Diwali with vigour and pity. It is also thought that on this day you shouldn’t light diyas or step out of your home.
Why do we celebrate Govardhan Puja on Diwali?
Since then, Govardhan has become a venerated object and on Govardhan Puja day of Diwali, miniature clay and cow-dung figures are made to depict the event. The tithi or date for Govardhan Puja is the first day of Shukla Paksha (Waxing fortnight) of the Kartik month of the Hindu lunar calendar.
What is Deepavali? Why and How is it Celebrated? Deepavali is one of the biggest celebrations that celebrate the festival of lights. People celebrate Deepavali as a festival representing the beginnings and the victory of good over evil, thus having light as the celebration’s central symbol.
What is Diwali? | <urn:uuid:fcaf5ec8-4aae-495a-92d1-40430dea9509> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://privax.com.s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com/jykuquly68736.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.934806 | 1,304 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Supply chains must ensure they are finding savings by driving end-users to the right item at the correct, contracted price. But, what does the “right” item mean, and why is it so hard to identify? Read how Prodigo has helped health systems whose primary initiative was to direct their end-users to the right item from the right source at the right price.
Click here to read the full article.
About Prodigo Solutions
Prodigo Solutions is a healthcare technology company that improves providers’ financial control and reduces supply chain cost. Prodigo Solutions’ technology was purpose-built for healthcare by supply chain experts to deliver tangible results across a continuum of care. Customers who use our systems purchase more than $23 billion annually for the more than 700 hospitals they operate.
For additional information please contact:
Prodigo Solutions’ Marketing Department | <urn:uuid:92b8d381-b39c-400e-9f4b-d90507e507f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.prodigosolutions.com/resources/news/data-and-data-quality-core-elements-in-the-quest-for-a-harmonized-supply-chain | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.92782 | 208 | 1.507813 | 2 |
China Agritech - as has been discussed in previous blogs - manufactures and loads 200 thousand tonnes of dry fertilizer and 13 thousand tonnes of liquid fertilizer using a mere 105 manufacturing staff and just over 6 million dollars in capital.
Obviously these staff are super-strong - as just filling and sewing closed the fertilizer bags and loading the trucks would be problematic. My previous posts have focused on the Herculean efforts of staff just loading trucks - and only at the Anhui plant. The rest of the company of course has to be much bigger than that.
It also appears that the manufacturing is considerably more sophisticated than I thought. For example [China Agritech has] combined innovation and technology in [their] liquid and powder products utilizing nano-honeycomb embedding technology and microelement deep complexing, which makes them more environmentally friendly and effective with a higher content of nutrients than traditional organic fertilizers.
This is pretty sophisticated stuff. Most companies doing nano-production measure their output in something ranging from thimbles to maybe one or two tonnes. A123 has - as I have blogged about earlier - had enormous expenses in scaling their manufacturing.
But China Agritech is special. It does nano-prodution using sophisticated things I do not understand (like nano-honeycomb embedding technology and microelement deep complexing) on the scale of hundreds of thousands of tonnes per annum. And it does it with minimal staff and just over $6 million in plant and equipment.
Whilst I do not understand how they do it fortunately we have a highly qualified guide. His name is Wayne Tsou - and he is the managing director of Carlyle Asia Growth Partners. He is of course entirely suited to the job. He not only has a Juris Doctor from the Harvard Law School - he is a scientist! He has a Master of Science from CalTech and a Bachelor from University of Michigan. Sure he is an electrical engineer by training - but so is my business partner and I don’t hold that against him...
Anyway Wayne Tsou has (at least before the controversy) vouched in the press for China Agritech and their technology. To quote: "we [Carlyle] are encouraged by the Company's current operations and future outlook. Carlyle always has been active in investing globally in technologies and companies focused on sustainable development. We intend to continue to provide resources and assistance to help China Agritech achieve its strategic goals and expand in the Chinese agricultural market."
Fine words - and as Carlyle is a fine firm I presume those words are backed by actions and that Carlyle really is in there helping China Agritech with its technology. And that Wayne Tsou can explain what is meant by nano-honeycomb embedding technology and microelement deep complexing.
I only wish he would.
You see I have approached Mr Wayne Tsou to answer questions about Carlyle’s involvement in China Agritech and what contributions Carlyle made to their technology. Like the other Carlyle participants in this well promoted stock Mr Tsou has been strangely silent.
Nonetheless Carlyle is a reputable firm - and if they say they are dealing with someone who can manufacture nano-products on a vast scale without much in the way of staff or capital equipment it is not for me to disbelieve them. If they think investing in nano-honeycomb embedding technology and microelement deep complexing makes sense - then I presume they did some due diligence.
But I am an ornery mongrel. I remain short.
The content contained in this blog represents the opinions of Mr. Hempton. Mr. Hempton may hold either long or short positions in securities of various companies discussed in the blog based upon Mr. Hempton's recommendations. The commentary in this blog in no way constitutes a solicitation of business or investment advice. In fact, it should not be relied upon in making investment decisions, ever. It is intended solely for the entertainment of the reader, and the author. In particular this blog is not directed for investment purposes at US Persons. | <urn:uuid:43a515ce-59d7-4e05-8073-376918ef1ffc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://brontecapital.blogspot.com/2011/02/china-agritech-getting-wayne-tsou-of.html?showComment=1298489636616 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00478-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959434 | 837 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Canoe Trip to Ponca City
In July 1949 Ponca City was host to an unusual group of travelers as Johnny, Dick, and Jerry made their way on a 3,000 miles trek by canoe across six states down the Arkansas River from Denver. Colorado to New Orleans, Louisiana.
Start of the Trip
The idea of the river trip germinated in a Denver bar one December evening in 1948. Conversation rolled around to summer and the end of the ski season. Since they couldn’t ski in the summer, Johnny insisted they would need something else to keep them busy. Why not take a trip? Why not go to New Orleans? In fact, why not paddle all the way there on the Arkansas River? Just because no one else had done it didn’t mean they couldn’t. But when they told family and friends they wanted to canoe down the Arkansas, everyone said it was impossible. Of course, that made these three young men all the more determined to try.
More than anything else, the three veterans were restless. They had been to war and come home safe but shaken. Dick and Johnny had faced the bitter cold of Korea. Johnny’s nightmares focused on the tractors making the rounds each morning to scoop up the frozen bodies of men, women, and children who had died overnight. On the rare occasions he talked about the war, Johnny revealed his fear of walking to the latrine at night with his gun cocked and ready. When the three young men returned, it was hard to settle in to ordinary life in the States. After leading a company of men, Sergeant John Evert found sitting in a college classroom increasingly difficult. Even though the freshmen were only three or four years younger than he was, they seemed so naive. “They were children, really,” he said. So the friends, Johnny, Dick, and Jerry grumbled over their beers and dreamed of something grander. Then they went beyond the dream.
“Some guys spend their whole lives dreaming,” Johnny said. “We decided to do something.”
Johnny, Dick, and Jerry weren’t worried by the wild state of the Arkansas River. With aerial maps as their primary guides, and more enthusiasm than experience in a canoe, they thought paddling just such a river would be the perfect challenge. Taking off on a trek some 2,000 or 3,000 miles across six states takes a special kind of courage, or as Johnny said, “a certain kind of crazy.” At the very least, such a journey requires a spirit of adventure not often found in any age.
Arrival at Ponca City
On July 2, 1949 the men arrive at Ponca City, at that time a thriving town of 20,180 and headquarters to Continental Oil Company. Johnny found the people of Ponca City very friendly and welcoming. As eager to greet them as Arkansas City had been, the people of Ponca City were even more excited. The travelers planned to get to Ponca City by evening of July 1st, but that proved to be too ambitious. Worried by the delay, the Ponca City CAS station sent out a plane to find them. When the pilot spotted their camp, he wobbled the plane’s wings to ask when they would arrive. In the days before cell phones and instant communication, writing in the sand worked just as well to let the citizens of Ponca City know when to expect the canoes.
Saturday, July 2
Woke at 5 AM. Broke camp at 5:45 and headed for Ponca City. Had a slow current. At 12:00 we stopped for lunch and a short swim. We just got out and Jerry and I dressed when an airplane buzzed us. John grabbed a poncho and wrapped himself up in it. We wrote in the sand that we would arrive in Ponca City at 1:00 pm and were only 7 minutes late. We were met by the Police Chief and the President of the Chamber of Commerce and some reporters. We ate steak at 1:30 and looked over the town and went swimming at the Conoco Refinery Gymn a most Beautiful building. We got out of the pool so late that we decided to see a movie in town and not shove off till morning. We saw Dear To My Heart (for free) and then met my reporter friend and went to the news office to get the first paper that came off the presses for Sunday morning. Oh yes- they even blew the siren in the police car when they drove us through town. Went to bed at 12:00.
Normally they really enjoyed having the airplanes buzz them. Back in Colorado, one plane had followed them for two days, but clearly this time they weren’t expecting the pilot to surprise them skinny dipping.
After the impromptu parade with dozens of people greeting them and celebrating their arrival, Bob Dellinger of the local newspaper showed them the highlights. Prominent townsfolk were more than generous in offering the travelers their hospitality. Continental Oil Co. along with Chamber of Commerce president Frank Overstreet and member H. L. Schall, opened the gleaming Conoco Refinery Pool for them. Johnny later recalled that they were the only people swimming at the pool that day and had the whole, huge pool to themselves. All three were excellent swimmers and spent much of the time in the pool racing underwater. Tall and lean, Dick tanned evenly. Jerry was very blond and perpetually sunburned, especially his face. Johnny was tanned as brown as an oak. With his dark, curly hair and deep tan, he was a dark as any Black man he met.
After a complimentary steak dinner with their hosts from the chamber of commerce, Dick, Jerry, and Johnny went as guests of the management to the movies at the Poncan theater. They spent the night in a room in the Jens-Marie Hotel as guests of the hotel owner, J. J. Young, and spoke to the reporters the next day. Though they had fallen into a routine of paddling, swimming, camping, and greeting people, the young men talked about how much variety there was in river travel. No two days were alike, each bringing its own surprises and challenges.
The heat started to really sap their energy here. The further south they went, and the hotter it got, the harder it was to paddle in the mid-day sun. They tried getting up early and resting or swimming in the hottest part of the afternoon, They also tried paddling at night but Dick hit a tree and nearly wrecked the canoe on some rocks, so they tied up after dark each night to camp on sandbars. During the day, biting flies troubled them. At night, mosquitoes whined in their ears and feasted on exposed skin while the river meandered lazily through cornfields and pastures. But slow travel and bothersome insects were not the only problem.
Sunday, July 3
About 8:30 this morning as we were packing to leave town we discovered that our two 22. Cal rifles were missing. We called the police at once and tried to trace them. Stolen in Wichita we believe. Left town at 9:15 and made a good run but got nowhere. The river winds too much. We were tired so tried drifting. It doesn’t work. Made camp at 7:00 above Ralston and to bed.
This has been part of their story, gleaned from the letters Dick and Johnny sent home, newspapers and radio programs chronicling the trip, photographs and 8 mm movies, and a diary they wrote along the way. Smudged and faded over the years, the diary was written in pencil in a small, black, ringed notebook, a little more than 3 1/2” by 5”. All three men added to the diary, often while sitting besidea campfire on a remote sandbar. In the six decades since the journal was written, several pages from the beginning of the diary have been lost. Exposure to wet conditions has made some words throughout the diary illegible. In spite of these difficulties, the diary provides an interesting, ongoing perspective of the trip as it unfolded. Numerous conversations with John Evert have clarified difficult passages and added additional details. | <urn:uuid:43f464b2-848e-4867-89be-b8ba6981034b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://researchandideas.com/index.php?title=Canoe_Trip_to_Ponca_City&oldid=4147 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.984262 | 1,701 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Believe it or not, there are a lot of books for children out there that feature queer characters.
As we all know, it’s never too early to teach kids about compassion, tolerance, and acceptance, so perhaps you’d like to introduce these books to your kids at an early age so they can learn that different lifestyles are acceptable.
Here are 14 children’s books with queer characters that people recommended.
These responses come to us from the Buzzfeed Community.
1. Julián Is a Mermaid by Jessica Love
A young boy sees three women dressed as mermaids on a subway and wants to try to pull off the same look himself.
He worries what his grandmother will think about this, though…
2. When Aidan Became a Brother by Kyle Lukoff, illustrated by Kaylani Juanita
A boy named Aidan is trans and must learn how to be a big brother when he finds out his parents are going to have another baby.
3. My Footprints by Bao Phi, illustrated by Basia Tran
A young Vietnamese-American girl has two moms and she is bullied because of it. A helpful bird helps the girl go on an adventure to find the courage she needs.
4. The Bravest Knight Who Ever Lived by Daniel Errico, illustrated by Shiloh Penfield
Cedric is followed from being a young boy to becoming a knight as an adult. He fights a dragon to free a prince and a princess and then the story really gets interesting.
5. It Feels Good to Be Yourself: A Book About Gender Identity by Theresa Thorn, illustrated by Noah Grigni
This book is designed to teach kids about all different forms of gender identity.
6. Annie’s Plaid Shirt by Stacy B. Davids, illustrated by Rachael Balsaitis
Annie always wears her favorite plaid shirt, but her mom insists that she wear a dress to her uncle’s upcoming wedding.
Annie comes up with a genius idea because she doesn’t feel comfortable in a dress. What will she do?
7. Love Makes A Family by Sophie Beer
A nice book that teaches kids that the love of a family comes in all different kinds of ways.
8. Stella Brings the Family by Miriam B. Schiffer, illustrated by Holly Clifton-Brown
Young Stella finds out that her class is going to have a Mother’s Day but there’s a problem: Stella actually has two dads.
What will Stella do?!?!
9. Mommy, Mama, and Me by Lesléa Newman, illustrated by Carol Thompson
A young toddler has two moms and this book documents a day in the life of their loving family.
10. A Plan for Pops by Heather Smith and Brooke Kerrigan
Lou is a little boy who loves spending time with his Grandpa and his Pops. When Pops suffers a fall and is forced to use a wheelchair, Lou devises a plan to help cheer him up.
11. And Tango Makes Three by Justin Richardson and Peter Parnell, illustrated by Henry Cole
Two male penguins at the Central Park Zoo are inseparable. When they’re given a motherless egg, the pair hatch the baby penguin. Cute!
12. The Flower Girl Wore Celery by Meryl G. Gordon, illustrated by Holly Clifton-Brown
Emma is asked to be the flower girl at her cousin’s wedding.
And she’s in for a big surprise on the day of the wedding.
13. Prince & Knight by Daniel Haack, illustrated by Stevie Lewis
A prince travels long distances with his parents to look for the perfect bride. His kingdom is attacked when he’s away and when he returns to help defend it, he meets a very interesting knight…
14. Worm Loves Worm by J.J. Austrian, illustrated by Mike Curato
Hey, worms fall in love too, you know!
At least, I think they do…this is a fun book about two worms who fall in love and get married.
Now we want to hear from you.
Do you have book recommendations for kids that feature queer characters?
If so, please let us know in the comments. Thanks! | <urn:uuid:91ab36e2-4f5b-4770-a26e-6dcebdf06303> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stories.wimp.com/14-childrens-books-with-queer-characters-we-think-you-could-enjoy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00273.warc.gz | en | 0.951637 | 903 | 2.609375 | 3 |
If the Federal Reserve needs to tighten its policy rate to above neutral — that is, an interest rate that neither hinders nor fuels economic growth — to a more restrictive stance, “we will do that,” Federal Reserve Chair Jerome Powell said in a speech at the National Association for Business Economics annual conference, according to his prepared remarks.
The inflation outlook “has deteriorated significantly this year,” he said. After saying for much of last year that inflationary pressures would be “transitory”, how could economic forecasters have been so far off? Powell asked.
Soon after the remarks were released, the three major U.S. stock averages dipped into the red, with the Nasdaq dropping 1.1%, the Dow down 0.9%, and the S&P 500 off 0.5%.
“In my view, an important part of the explanation is that forecasters widely underestimated the severity and persistence of supply-side frictions, which, when combined with strong demand, especially for durable goods, produced surprisingly high inflation,” Powell said.
He is relatively optimistic that the central bankers will be able to engineer a so-called soft landing, in which the rate is raised high enough to keep the economy from overheating but not so much that it triggers a recession. While some have said “history stacks the odds against achieving a soft landing,” there are three episodes — in 1965, 1984, and 1994 — where the Fed significantly raised rates without sparing a recession, he said. Still, it won’t be an easy task.
“I hasten to add that no one expects that bringing about a soft landing will be straightforward in the current context — very little is straightforward in the current context,” Powell said.
His main message in his speech is that the Fed will adjust policy as the economic outlook evolves “to ensure a return to price stability with a strong job market,” he said.
1:14 PM ET: Powell also said the Fed would implement a 50-basis-point hike if appropriate, however, the central bank doesn’t have test that would trigger a 50bps increase.
1:29 PM ET: Note that the probability of a 50bps rate hike at the Fed’s May meeting has increased to 59.4% from 43.9% on March 18, according to the CME FedWatch Tool. The fed funds rate target range is now 0.25-0.50%, after the Fed raised its policy rate by 25bps last week.
Updated at 1:11 PM ET: The rising Inflation is stemming from the supply-demand situation, Powell repeated during the Q&A section of the speech. “Monetary quantities” aren’t an important part of inflation “at this time,” he said.
Previously (March 16), Most Fed officials predict at least 7 rate hikes in 2022 | <urn:uuid:cba9a4f1-a455-4902-a658-ba775b4ea02c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://investmentnewsdaily.com/2022/03/21/federal-reserve-will-tighten-rates-to-above-neutral-if-needed-jerome-powell-says/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.96012 | 605 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Information is provided about how we deal with post-publication correction requests relating to errata, addenda, and retractions.
When a scientific article is published in an issue of a journal or in a book, it is referred to as the version of record (VOR). The VOR is the final version of the article and cannot be updated or altered any further, with the exception of author name changes. A reader accessing the VOR should be able to rely on the fact that the version they accessed, and possibly cited in other work, will not be changed after the final version was published. However, there may be circumstances under which it is necessary to communicate changes to the VOR. For example, when errors were found post-publication that have a serious effect on the indexation, scientific understanding/findings of the article, or research misconduct. IOS Press adheres to the guidelines of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) for correcting the scientific record.
In the event that changes are made to the VOR, these will always be communicated through a notice such as an erratum, addendum, or a retraction. These notices will always be openly available to all readers and clearly indicate and link to the VOR to which it refers. The VOR itself will not be changed, but a link to the notice will be added to the VOR. A reader will then be able to track any changes or updates to the original publication and to verify when such updates were introduced.
Requests for correcting the VOR will be evaluated by IOS Press in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief or lead book editor/author. They will usually be granted if: the scientific meaning or understanding of the paper is seriously affected; if errors were introduced by the typesetter; if there are serious ethical issues related to the publication; or when it involves author name changes due to marriage, divorce, religious conversion, gender alignment, or other personal reasons. Requests will typically be declined if: they concern minor spelling errors or minor typographical mistakes; affiliation changes; updates to contact details; addition of new funding statements; or if the request is received after the reasonable time window for communicating changes (up to 2 years after original publication) has closed.
Evaluating a request
Requests for errata are usually granted in relation to:
- Scientifically relevant changes: If the scientific meaning or understanding of the paper is affected then an erratum should be published. This includes for instance wrong values in a table or incorrect wording that changes the meaning of a sentence.
- Author name changes: If the original article had a misspelling in the author name or if the author changed their name because of divorce or alignment with gender identity, then an erratum will always be published.
- Missed author corrections: If the author communicated their corrections during proof-stage, but the typesetter did not implement the corrections (correctly), then an erratum may be published if it affects the scientific meaning or understanding of the paper.
Publishing an erratum
An erratum should use clear and factual language and it should state both the original text as well as the new text that replaces it. A reader must be able to understand exactly which section of a paper is affected and what has changed within that section. The text will refer to specific page numbers, section headings, paragraphs, and sentences where possible.
Evaluating a request
The key criterion for an addendum – and the only reason such a request to be granted – is that the addendum is crucial to the reader's understanding of the original paper. It could add additional context or information that helps to better explain the published work. If new findings have come to light (that do not undermine the results of the original), these could also be communicated through an addendum.
Publishing an addendum
The corresponding author should submit the text for the addendum using clear and factual language, beginning with a reference to the paper to which the addendum is referring and followed by the additional material. An abstract can be included that gives a short description of the reason for publishing the addendum. If applicable, the text should specifically mention the page number, section, and paragraph where the new information should be added.
Evaluating a case
IOS Press follows the COPE guidelines for retracting articles. Once an article has been flagged for possible retraction, an official investigation will be initiated by IOS Press in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief. Requests of retraction or withdrawals will be considered if:
- The article has clear evidence that the findings are unreliable, either as a result of error or research misconduct (e.g., data fabrication/manipulation).
- There is evidence of peer review manipulation.
- There is evidence of plagiarism or any other type of research misconduct.
If the retraction request is made by a third party (e.g., a reader), the corresponding author will be duly informed that his/her article is under investigation and will be able to respond to misconduct allegations. IOS Press will make a decision in consultation with the Editor-in-Chief. This decision will then be communicated to the corresponding author of the article (see Note #1).
Publishing notice of a retraction
If it is decided that an article should be retracted, an official notice of retraction will be published that: is objective and factual; states which article is being retracted (include full citation and DOI link); states on whose initiative the article is being retracted; states the reason for the retraction in clear language; and is interlinked to the retracted article by including the DOI link.
The retraction notice should appear in the next available journal issue, at the end of the issue.
Updating the original
In all cases, the original publication will be updated by adding a note in the header information of the HTML online publication explaining that the article received an erratum, addendum, or retraction. The only situation in which the text in the original will be modified (both in the HTML and PDF versions) is if it concerns an author name change.
Submitting a correction request
If you are an author or reader of one of IOS Press’ articles and you consider that a correction is required, please get in touch. Your message should clearly state your concerns and, in case it is related to an erratum or addendum, indicate which text/figure needs to be replaced/added. Please also include in your request the journal title and the reference number (or DOI number) of the article to which you are referring. Your message can be sent to our editorial department via this contact form.
1. If conclusive evidence about the reliability of a publication cannot be obtained, the editor may consider publishing an editorial expression of concern. | <urn:uuid:c392717a-0cb6-49aa-ac7e-8059413b2a67> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://peach-press.com/corrections-policy.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.925858 | 1,423 | 1.8125 | 2 |
Outsourcing the IT and cyber security for your organisation is an excellent way to save money and time, as well as overcome a very significant and growing cybersecurity skills gap. Outsourced Cyber Security programs can help reduce the burden on you in terms of cybersecurity, taking technical responsibilities out of your hands. Outsourced cybersecurity can address not just any resource management issues, but also shift your security strategy from reactive responses to proactive mitigation. Outsourced cybersecurity solutions (i.e., managed security services) are fully managed security solutions that exist outside of your organisation, coordinating with your company to mitigate risks through monitoring, detection, prevention, and 24/7 mitigation.
Around The Clock Security
Outsourcing security operations to outside providers helps organisations maintain the security of their systems, even beyond normal working hours. Outsourcing allows the organisation to offload the onus of providing security analysts and other workers to managed service providers, allowing internal employees to focus on more strategic work. Compared with internal Sec-Ops, which requires significant capital investment and hiring costs, outsourcing helps organisations get high-grade security to systems for a fraction of the cost. Outsourcing some security operations, such as network monitoring, or an entire SOC to a provider who provides managed security services could offer cost efficiency.
Cost-Effective Security Team
To help address some of the challenges in protecting assets, organisations are turning to managed security service providers (MSSPs) and other vendors for outsourcing various security functions. Access to qualified people is the reason why an increasing number of companies are turning to specialized services for outsourcing cybersecurity management, allowing them to get quality services that will ensure they remain safe, as well as saving time and money. Instead of hiring a team of security analysts, conducting training, dealing with turnover, and installing various security solutions, you can turn to a trusted cybersecurity firm at a fraction of the cost.
Differences Between An MSP And MSSP
Obviously its an extra S but while MSPs and MSSPs both provide third-party services to businesses; their focus is very different. An MSP delivers network, application, database and other general IT support and services while an MSSP tends to be 100% focused on providing cybersecurity services. While MSSPs provide incident response planning and services, an MSP is more reactive – they are called in when something happens. To effectively provide network support, an MSP uses an IT Helpdesk, which manages network-related incidents and alerts to reduce downtime.
MSSPs typically have a high-availability security operations centre (SOC) which continuously manages and monitors system and data security for its clients. The SOC team monitor IT network logs via a SIEM (Security information and event management) for high potential risks and events. The SOC team respond in real time – making this service a proactive approach to cyber security.
Many MSPs partner and contract with MSSPs that offer specific security services, including managed detection and response, intrusion detection and prevention, incident planning and management, and more.
Access To Cyber Security Expertise
Fortunately, cybersecurity outsourcing companies like CommSec can offer small-to-medium businesses a convenient, tiered solution with a skilled team of cyber security professionals. You may be thinking outsourcing work would be more expensive than finding a way to do it internally, however, when it comes to protecting important information on a network of devices, outsourcing to a cybersecurity firm is the right move. By outsourcing your needs to a cybersecurity services provider, your specialised activity can receive the attention it deserves, while also having access to a broad array of experts, which is not realistic if you are dealing with cybersecurity internally.
Having an outsourcing service means that you can put your faith in dedicated, experienced cybersecurity professionals that are trained and experienced to handle these types of issues. All the incredibly critical technical components that help to ensure that your company is secure and protected from threats can be immediately outsourced to professionals. Outsourcing to a dedicated security provider takes a lot of pressure off your business data protection, and it gives peace of mind knowing that you have a robust team of professionals that is prepared to defend you from cyber threats.
Stay Ahead Of Vulnerabilities
Organisations who outsource part of their cybersecurity needs may enjoy flexibility in quickly adapting to and staying safe. The difficulty in dealing with cybersecurity-related issues, such as staying ahead of vulnerabilities, identifying, and responding to threats, and complying with compliance requirements, means a large number of organisations opt to outsource their security requirements. If you partner with an independent partner to manage your review and audit processes, including outsourcing your cyber security monitoring, you can expect a more effective service.
In a Nutshell
Outsourcing your cybersecurity will help you get past the difficulties involved with managing the technology, providing help in selecting the technologies and making sure that tools are deployed, integrated, and monitored as efficiently as possible.
Identifying The Right Outsourced Security Partner
Outsourcing cyber security can be a daunting prospect but finding the right partner will overcome any concerns. At CommSec, we offer a range of cyber security solutions to help support your security goals, including MSOC+ our Managed Detection and Response service, CheckScan+ our vulnerability management service and our Penetration Testing services. Our highly trained security analysts work as an extension of your in-house team to deliver the support, guidance and actionable outcomes needed to better protect what’s important to you. As remote and hybrid working continues to be the norm, we will work with you closely to fully understand your needs and ensure your security keeps pace with the evolving threat landscape. | <urn:uuid:f727a1a3-5453-4ec5-a9e1-44f551e24ef2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://commsec.ie/2022/06/28/outsourcing-your-cyber-security/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.955597 | 1,132 | 1.695313 | 2 |
John Steuart Curry: Mapping the Early Career
January 17-May 13, 2017
During the late 1920s artist John Steuart Curry (1897-1946) gained national attention for his portrayals of Kansas. At the height of his career, during the 1930s, he would become associated with prominent Regionalists Thomas Hart Benton of Missouri and Grant Wood of Iowa.
Much less is known about Curry's early years as an artist. An exploration of his career beginnings provides a deeper understanding of the conceptual and formal underpinnings of his later success. This exhibition explores Curry as a student and early professional through more than thirty drawings, paintings, and magazine illustrations. A major mural on loan from the Burr Living Trust of Lewisberry, Pennsylvania, will be a centerpiece of the installation, which will present never-before-viewed objects from the museum's collection, numbering over 900 Curry works.
The exhibition is organized by Curator Liz Seaton and members of a spring 2016 seminar, comprised of students from K-State and University of Missouri-Kansas City.
Kansas Veterinarian at Work: A Portrait by Tom Mohr
February 7-June 17, 2017
Over a span of twelve years, Tom Mohr followed Dr. Lee Penner with his camera, as the large animal veterinarian made his rounds among family farms in Kansas. What emerges from this photographic adventure is a multifaceted representation of contemporary Kansas farm life, as seen through such routine tasks as calf deliveries and such dramatic events as a nighttime necropsy. Mohr's photographs challenge his viewers to appreciate Kansas and its farmers with fresh eyes, expanding into contemporary times the movement of Regionalism started in the 1930s by John Steuart Curry, Thomas Hart Benton, and Grant Wood. See through Mohr's camera the grandeur of a vast field with a lone red barn, the quirky charm of the veterinarian's mud-encrusted van, and the strong bonds nurtured by a doctor and his community.
Jason Scuilla: Porta Magica, 2017 Friends of the Beach
Museum of Art Gift Print Artist
March 14-July 1, 2017
Jason Scuilla is the 2017 Friends of the Beach Museum of Art Gift Print Artist. Each year museum supporters commission a printmaker or photographer to produce a limited edition print for sale to the public. The program, which began in 1934, recognizes outstanding contemporary artists associated with Kansas.
Scuilla lives in Manhattan, Kansas, where he serves as associate professor and head of the printmaking department at Kansas State University. An American artist of Italian descent, he has been drawn to his ancestors' country and traveled there frequently to study and create prints. Monumental fragments of Italian sculpture inspire his recent work in this medium. Dramatic compositions rendered with a pictorial economy and a deadpan sense of humor raise questions about humankind's relationship with mortality and the ancient past. | <urn:uuid:4ffddf29-4521-4f29-a852-141fff42c559> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://beach.k-state.edu/explore/exhibitions/future.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961907 | 592 | 1.96875 | 2 |
BMW engines use a camshaft position sensor, or “CPK,” to note the speed at which the camshaft rotates in relation to the crankshaft. The CPK also monitors the pistons and the engine’s valves. When the sensor fails, the engine will not start. The camshaft position sensor is located at the front of the engine on the passenger’s side cylinder head.
- Skill level:
- Moderately Easy
Other People Are Reading
Things you need
- Flathead screwdriver
- Allen wrench
Remove the upper half of the air box, located on the passenger’s side of the front of the engine, which contains the air filter. At the front of the box is a small wire, which powers the temperature sender. Pull the wire away from the box to disconnect it. Disengage the two clips that secure the air intake tube to the right side of the air box by pulling the clips off of the box. Disengage the four clips securing the top of the air box to the lower half of the air box, then lift the upper half of the air box out of the engine compartment.
Remove the air intake hose to access the camshaft position sensor. At the top of the left side of the air intake hose is the mass air flow sensor. Pull the wire at the top of the sensor off the sensor. The idle control valve is a plastic fitting on the right side of the air intake hose. Unplug the valve from the hose. Finally, a single hose clamp attaches the right end of the air intake hose to the throttle body. Loosen the clamp with a screwdriver, then pull the intake hose off of the throttle body.
Remove the camshaft position sensor, located on the side of the cylinder head, just to the left of the red-handled dipstick. Remove the bolt securing the sensor in place with an Allen wrench, then pull the sensor out of the cylinder head. Trace the single wire attached to the sensor to an electrical connection fitting. Squeeze the clip located on each side of the fitting, then pull the two connection fittings apart to free the sensor.
Apply a small amount of engine oil to the rubber washer provided with the replacement camshaft sensor, then position the washer onto the back of the sensor. Slide the new sensor into the cylinder head, then tighten the sensor’s retaining bolt with an Allen wrench. Plug the wire leading from the sensor into its electrical connection plug until it clicks into place.
Insert the tip of the throttle body into the right side of the air intake hose, then tighten the clamp with a flathead screwdriver. Press the idle control valve into the plastic fitting on the right side of the air intake hose. Plug the electrical connection on the mass air flow sensor into the fitting on the left side of the intake hose.
Install the upper half of the air box. Slide the air intake hose onto the large plastic fitting on the right side of the air box, then push each of the two clips from the box onto the intake hose until the clips snap into place. Push the four clips that secure the top of the air box to the lower half of the air box onto the upper half of the box until they snap into place. Plug the electrical connection at the tip of the temperature sending unit into the front of the air box.
- 20 of the funniest online reviews ever
- 14 Biggest lies people tell in online dating sites
- Hilarious things Google thinks you're trying to search for | <urn:uuid:154372e4-77bf-4578-ac32-b5b6535ee907> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ehow.co.uk/how_5426676_replace-bmw-camshaft-sensor.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00029-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894787 | 735 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Near-highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: A review of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks
© Brugge et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2007
Received: 02 January 2007
Accepted: 09 August 2007
Published: 09 August 2007
There is growing evidence of a distinct set of freshly-emitted air pollutants downwind from major highways, motorways, and freeways that include elevated levels of ultrafine particulates (UFP), black carbon (BC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). People living or otherwise spending substantial time within about 200 m of highways are exposed to these pollutants more so than persons living at a greater distance, even compared to living on busy urban streets. Evidence of the health hazards of these pollutants arises from studies that assess proximity to highways, actual exposure to the pollutants, or both. Taken as a whole, the health studies show elevated risk for development of asthma and reduced lung function in children who live near major highways. Studies of particulate matter (PM) that show associations with cardiac and pulmonary mortality also appear to indicate increasing risk as smaller geographic areas are studied, suggesting localized sources that likely include major highways. Although less work has tested the association between lung cancer and highways, the existing studies suggest an association as well. While the evidence is substantial for a link between near-highway exposures and adverse health outcomes, considerable work remains to understand the exact nature and magnitude of the risks.
Approximately 11% of US households are located within 100 meters of 4-lane highways [estimated using: [1, 2]]. While it is clear that automobiles are significant sources of air pollution, the exposure of near-highway residents to pollutants in automobile exhaust has only recently begun to be characterized. There are two main reasons for this: (A) federal and state air monitoring programs are typically set up to measure pollutants at the regional, not local scale; and (B) regional monitoring stations typically do not measure all of the types of pollutants that are elevated next to highways. It is, therefore, critical to ask what is known about near-highway exposures and their possible health consequences.
Here we review studies describing measurement of near-highway air pollutants, and epidemiologic studies of cardiac and pulmonary outcomes as they relate to exposure to these pollutants and/or proximity to highways. Although some studies suggest that other health impacts are also important (e.g., birth outcomes), we feel that the case for these health effects are less well developed scientifically and do not have the same potential to drive public policy at this time. We did not seek to fully integrate the relevant cellular biology and toxicological literature, except for a few key references, because they are so vast by themselves.
We started with studies that we knew well and also searched the engineering and health literature on Medline. We were able to find some earlier epidemiologic studies based on citations in more recent articles. We include some studies that assessed motor vehicle-related pollutants at central site monitors (i.e., that did not measure highway proximity or traffic) because we feel that they add to the plausibility of the associations seen in other studies. The relative emphasis given to studies was based on our appraisal of the rigor of their methodology and the significance of their findings. We conclude with a summary and with recommendations for policy and further research.
Motor vehicle pollution
It is well known that motor vehicle exhaust is a significant source of air pollution. The most widely reported pollutants in vehicular exhaust include carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulfur oxides, unburned hydrocarbons (from fuel and crankcase oil), particulate matter, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other organic compounds that derive from combustion [3–5]. While much attention has focused on the transport and transformation of these pollutants in ambient air – particularly in areas where both ambient pollutant concentrations and human exposures are elevated (e.g., congested city centers, tunnels, and urban canyons created by tall buildings), less attention has been given to measuring pollutants and exposures near heavily-trafficked highways. Several lines of evidence now suggest that steep gradients of certain pollutants exist next to heavily traveled highways and that living within these elevated pollution zones can have detrimental effects on human health.
Summary of near-highway pollution gradients
Highway traffic intensitya
Observed Pollution Gradients
Shi et al. 1999 (6)
UFP + FP (10-104 nm)
2–100 m c
Zhu et al. 2002 (8)
Los Angeles; Freeway 710
UFP, CO, BC
17–300 m c
Zhu et al. 2002 (7)
Los Angeles; Freeway 405
UFP, CO, BC
30–300 m c
Hitchins et al. 2002 (11)
UFP + FP (15-2 × 104 nm), PM2.5
15–375 m c
Fischer et al. 2000 (13)
PM2.5, PM10, PPAH, VOCs
Roorda-Knape et al. 1998 (14)
PM2.5, PM10, BC, VOCs, NO2
15–330 m c
Janssen et al. 2001 (15)
PM2.5, VOCs, NO2
< 400 m c
Morawska et al. 1999 (12)
10–210 m c
It should also be noted that there may be significant heterogeneity in the types and amounts of vehicles using highways. The typical vehicle fleet in the US is composed of passenger cars, sports utility vehicles, motorcycles, pickup trucks, vans, buses, and small, medium, and large trucks. The composition and size of a fleet on a given highway may vary depending on the time of day, day of the week, and use restrictions for certain classes of vehicles. Fleets may also vary in the average age and state of repair of vehicles, the fractions of vehicles that burn diesel and gasoline, and the fraction of vehicles that have catalytic converters. These factors will influence the kinds and amounts of pollutants in tailpipe emissions. Similarly, driving conditions, fuel chemistry, and meteorology can also significantly impact emissions rates as well as the kinds and concentrations of pollutants present in the near-highway environment. These factors have rarely been taken into consideration in health outcome studies of near-highway exposure.
Based on our review of the literature, the pollutants that have most consistently been reported at elevated levels near highways include ultrafine particles (UFP), black carbon (BC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO). In addition, PM2.5, and PM10 were measured in many of the epidemiologic studies we reviewed. UFP are defined as particles having an aerodynamic diameter in the range of 0.005 to 0.1 microns (um). UFP form by condensation of hot vapors in tailpipe emissions, and can grow in size by coagulation. PM2.5 and PM10 refer to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameters of 2.5 and 10 um, respectively. BC (or "soot carbon") is an impure form of elemental carbon that has a graphite-like structure. It is the major light-absorbing component of combustion aerosols. These various constituents can be measured in real time or near-real time using particle counters (UFP) and analyzers that measure light absorption (BC and CO), chemiluminescence (NOx), and weight (PM2.5 and PM10). Because UFP, NOx, BC, and CO derive from a common source – vehicular emissions – they are typically highly inter-correlated.
Air pollutant gradients near highways
Two studies in Brisbane (Australia) highlight the importance of wind speed and direction as well as contributions of pollutants from nearby roadways in tracking highway-generated pollutant gradients. Hitchins et al. measured the mass concentrations of 0.1–10 um particles as well as total particle number concentration and size distribution for 0.015–0.7 um particles near highways (2,130–3,400 veh/h). Hitchens et al. observed that the distance from highways at which number and mass concentrations decreased by 50% varied from 100 to 375 m depending on the wind speed and direction. Morawska et al. measured the changes in UFP number concentrations along horizontal and vertical transects near highways to distinguish highway and normal street traffic contributions. It was observed that UFP number concentrations were highest <15 m from highways, while 15–200 m from highways there was no significant difference in UFP number concentrations along either horizontal or vertical transects – presumably due to mixing of highway pollutants with emissions from traffic on nearby, local roadways.
In addition to UFP, other pollutants – such as PM2.5, PM10, NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), VOCs (volatile organic compounds), and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PPAH) – have been studied in relation to heavily-trafficked roadways. Fischer et al. measured PM2.5, PM10, PPAH, and VOC concentrations outside and inside homes on streets with high and low traffic volumes in Amsterdam (<3,000–30,974 veh/d). In this study, PPAH and VOCs were measured using methods based on gas chromatography. Fischer et al. found that while PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations were not specific indicators of traffic-related air pollution, PPAH and VOC levels were ~2-fold higher both indoor and outdoor in high traffic areas compared to low traffic areas. Roorda-Knape et al measured PM2.5, PM10, black smoke (which is similar to BC), NO2, and benzene in residential areas <300 m from highways (80,000–152,000 veh/d) in the Netherlands. Black smoke was measured by a reflectance-based method using filtered particles; benzene was measured using a method based on gas chromatography. Roorda-Knape et al reported that outdoor concentrations of black smoke and NO2 decreased with distance from highways, while PM2.5, PM10, and benzene concentrations did not change with distance. In addition, Roorda-Knape et al. found that indoor black smoke concentrations were correlated with truck traffic, and NO2 was correlated with both traffic volume and distance from highways. Janssen et al. studied PM2.5, PM10, benzene, and black smoke in 24 schools in the Netherlands and found that PM2.5 and black smoke increased with truck traffic and decreased with distance from highways (40,000–170,000 veh/d).
In summary, the literature shows that UFP, BC, CO and NOx are elevated near highways (>30,000 veh/d), and that other pollutants including VOCs and PPAHs may also be elevated. Thus, people living within about 30 m of highways are likely to receive much higher exposure to traffic-related air pollutants compared to residents living >200 m (+/- 50 m) from highways.
Cardiovascular health and traffic-related pollution
Results from clinical, epidemiological, and animal studies are converging to indicate that short-term and long-term exposures to traffic-related pollution, especially particulates, have adverse cardiovascular effects [16–18]. Most of these studies have focused on, and/or demonstrated the strongest associations between cardiovascular health outcomes and particulates by weight or number concentrations [19–21] though CO, SO2, NO2, and BC have also been examined. BC has been shown to be associated with decreases in heart rate variability (HRV) [22, 23] and black smoke and NO2 shown to be associated with cardiopulmonary mortality .
Short-term exposure to fine particulate pollution exacerbates existing pulmonary and cardiovascular disease and long-term repeated exposures increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and death [25, 26].
Though not focused on near-highway pollution, two large prospective cohort studies, the Six-Cities Study and the American Cancer Society (ACS) Study provided the groundwork for later research on fine particulates and cardiovascular disease. Both of these studies found associations between increased levels of exposure to ambient PM and sulfate air pollution recorded at central city monitors and annual average mortality from cardiopulmonary disease, which at the time combined cardiovascular and pulmonary disease other than lung cancer. The Six-Cities Study examined PM2.5 and PM10/15. The ACS study examined PM 2.5. Relative risk ratios of mortality from cardiopulmonary disease comparing locations with the highest and lowest fine particle concentrations (which had differences of 24.5 and 18.6 ug/m3 respectively) were 1.37 (1.11, 1.68) and 1.31 (1.17, 1.46) in the Six Cities and ACS studies, respectively. These analyses controlled for many confounders, including smoking and gas stoves but not other housing conditions or time spent at home. The studies were subject to intensive replication, validation, and reanalysis that confirmed the original findings. PM2.5 generally declined following implementation of new US Environmental Protection Agency standards in 1997 [17, 29], yet since that time studies have shown elevated health risks due to long-term exposures to the 1997 PM threshold concentrations [29, 30].
Summary of near-highway health effects studies
Highway traffic intensitya
Distance from highway
Schwartz et al. 2005 (22)
PM2.5, BC, CO
Heart rate variability
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability
Adar et al. 2007 (23)
St. Louis, Missouri
PM2.5, BC, UFP
On highway in busses
Heart rate variability
Decreases in measures of heart rate variability
Hoek et al. 2002 (24)
Cardio-pulmonary mortality, lung cancer
1.41 OR for living near road
Tonne et al. 2007 (41)
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
5% increase in odds of AMI
Venn et al. 2001 (49)
Wheezing in children
1.08 OR for living w/in 150 m of road
Nicolai et al. 2003 (58)
Soot, benzene, NO2
Traffic counts within 50 m of house
Asthma, respiratory symptoms, allergy
1.79 OR for asthma and high traffic volume
Gauderman et al. 2005 (65)
Asthma, respiratory symptoms
Increased asthma closer to freeways
McConnell et al. 2006 (57)
Large risk for children living w/in 75 m of road
Ryan, et al. 2007 (59)
> 1,000 trucks/d
Wheezing in children
Kim et al. 2004 (60)
90,000 – 210,000 veh/d
PM, BC, NOx
1.07 OR for high levels of NOx
Wjst et al. 1993 (68)
Several statistical associations found
Brunekreef et al. 1997 (69)
80,000 – 152,000 veh/d
Decreased FEV with proximity to high truck traffic
Janssen et al. 2003 (74)
PM2.5, NO2, benzene
< 400 m c
Lung function, respiratory symptoms
No association with lung function
Peters et al. 1999 (82)
Asthma, bronchitis, cough, wheeze
1.54 OR of wheeze for boys with exposure to NO2
Brauer et al. 2007 (67)
Highways and streets
PM2.5, NO2, soot
Asthma, allergy, bronchitis, respiratory symptoms
Strongest association was with food allergies
Visser et al. 2004 (91)
> 10,000 veh/d
Vineis et al. 2006 (87)
10 Eurpoean countries
PM10, NO2, SO2
1.46 OR near heavy traffic, 1.30 OR for high exposure to NO2
Gauderman et al. 2007 (73)
Decreased FEV for those living near freeway
Several studies show that exposure to PM varies spatially within a city [35–37], and finer spatial analyses show higher risks to individuals living in close proximity to heavily trafficked roads [18, 37]. A 2007 paper from the Woman's' Health Initiative used data from 573 PM2.5 monitors to follow over 65,000 women prospectively. They reported very high hazard ratios for cardiovascular events (1.76; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.47) possibly due to the fine grain of exposure monitoring . In contrast, studies that relied on central monitors [27, 28] or interpolations from central monitors to highways are prone to exposure misclassification because individuals living close to highways will have a higher exposure than the general area. A possible concern with this interpretation is that social gradients may also situate poorer neighborhoods with potentially more susceptible populations closer to highways [38–40].
At a finer grain, Hoek et al. estimated home exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and black smoke for about 5,000 participants in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Modeled exposure took into consideration proximity to freeways and main roads (100 m and 50 m, respectively). Cardiopulmonary mortality was associated with both modeled levels of pollutants and living near a major road with associations less strong for background levels of both pollutants. A case-control study , found a 5% increase in acute myocardial infarction associated with living within 100 m of major roadways. A recent analysis of cohort data found that traffic density was a predictor of mortality more so than was ambient air pollution . There is a need for studies that assess exposure at these scales, e.g., immediate vicinity of highways, to test whether cardiac risk increases still more at even smaller scales.
Although we cannot review it in full here, we note that evidence beyond the epidemiological literature support the contention that PM2.5 and UFP (a sub-fraction of PM2.5) have adverse cardiovascular effects [16, 17]. PM2.5 appears to be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease via mechanisms that likely include pulmonary and systemic inflammation, accelerated atherosclerosis and altered cardiac autonomic function [17, 22, 43–46]. Uptake of particles or particle constituents in the blood can affect the autonomic control of the heart and circulatory system. Black smoke, a large proportion of which is derived from mobile source emissions , has a high pulmonary deposition efficiency, and due to their surface area-to-volume ratios can carry relatively more adsorbed and condensed toxic air pollutants (e.g., PPAH) compared to larger particles [17, 47, 48]. Based on high particle numbers, high lung deposition efficiency and surface chemistry, UFP may provide a greater potential than PM2.5 for inducing inflammation . UFPs have high cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) activity, through which numerous inflammatory responses are induced, compared to other particles . Chronically elevated UFP levels such as those to which residents living near heavily trafficked roadways are likely exposed can lead to long-term or repeated increases in systemic inflammation that promote arteriosclerosis [18, 29, 34, 37].
Asthma and highway exposures
Evidence that near highway exposures present elevated risk is relatively well developed with respect to child asthma studies. These studies have evolved over time with the use of different methodologies. Studies that used larger geographic frames and/or overall traffic in the vicinity of the home or school [49–52] or that used self-report of traffic intensity found no association with asthma prevalence. Most recent child asthma studies have, instead, used increasingly narrow definitions of proximity to traffic, including air monitoring or modeling) and have focused on major highways instead of street traffic [54–59]. All of these studies have found statistically significant associations between the prevalence of asthma or wheezing and living very close to high volume vehicle roadways. Confounders considered included housing conditions (pests, pets, gas stoves, water damage), exposure to tobacco smoke, various measures of socioeconomic status (SES), age, sex, and atopy, albeit self-reported and not all in a single study.
Multiple studies have found girls to be at greater risk than boys for asthma resulting from highway exposure [55, 57, 60]. A recent study also reports elevated risk only for children who moved next to the highway before they were 2 years of age, suggesting that early childhood exposure may be key . The combined evidence suggests that living within 100 meters of major highways is a risk factor, although smaller distances may also result in graded increases in risk. The neglect of wind direction and the absence of air monitoring from some studies are notable missing factors. Additionally, recent concerns have been raised that geocoding (attaching a physical location to addresses) could introduce bias due to inaccuracy in locations .
Studies that rely on general area monitoring of ambient pollution and assess regional pollution on a scale orders of magnitude greater than the near-roadway gradients have also found associations between traffic generated pollution (CO and NOx) and prevalence of asthma or hospital admission for asthma . Lweguga-Mukasa et al. monitored air up and down wind of a major motor vehicle bridge complex in Buffalo, NY and found that UFP were higher downwind, dropping off with distance. Their statistical models did not, however, support an association of UFP with asthma. A study in the San Francisco Bay Area measured PM2.5, BC and NOX over several months next to schools and found both higher pollution levels downwind from highways and a linear association of BC with asthma in long-term residents .
Gauderman et al. measured NO2 next to homes of 208 children. They found an odds ratio (OR) of 1.83 (confidence interval (CI): 1.04–3.22) for outdoor NO2 (probably a surrogate for total highway pollution) and lifetime diagnosis of asthma. They also found a similar association with distance from residence to freeway. Self-report was used to control for numerous confounders, including tobacco smoke, SES, gas stoves, mildew, water damage, cockroaches and pets which did not substantially affect the association. Gauderman's study suggests that ambient air monitoring at the residence substantially increases statistical power to detect association of asthma with highway exposures.
Modeling of elemental carbon attributable to traffic near roadways based on ambient air monitoring of PM2.5 has recently emerged as a viable approach and a study using this method found an association with infant wheezing. The modeled values appear to be better predictors than proximity. Elevation of the residence relative to traffic was also an important factor in this study . A 2007 paper reported on modeled NO2, PM2.5 and soot and the association of these values with asthma and various respiratory symptoms in the Netherlands . While finding modest statistically significant associations for asthma and symptoms, it is somewhat surprising that they found stronger associations for development of sensitization to food allergens.
Pediatric lung function and traffic-related air pollution
Studies of association of children's lung function with traffic pollutants have used a variety of measures of exposure, including: traffic density, distance to roadways, area (city) monitors, monitoring at the home or school and personal monitoring. Studies have assessed both chronic effects on lung development and acute effects and have been both cross-sectional and longitudinal. The wide range of approaches somewhat complicates evaluation of the literature.
Traffic density in school districts in Munich was associated with decreases in forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), FEV1/FVC and other measures, although the 2-kilometer (km) areas, the use of sitting position for spirometry and problems with translation for non-German children were limitations . Brunekreef et al. used distance from major roadways, considered wind direction and measured black smoke and NO2 inside schools. They found the largest decrements in lung function in girls living within 300 m of the roadways.
A longitudinal study of children (average age at start = 10 years) in Southern California reported results at 4 and 8 years . Multiple air pollutants were measured at sites in 12 communities. Due to substantial attrition, only 42% of children enrolled at the start were available for the 8-year follow-up. Substantially lower growth in FEV1 was associated with PM10, NO2, PM2.5, acid vapor and elemental carbon at 4 and at 8 years. The analysis could not indicate whether the effects seen were reversible or not . In 2007, it was reported from this same cohort that living within 500 m of a freeway was reported to be associated with reduced lung function .
A Dutch study measured PM2.5, NO2, benzene and EC for one year at 24 schools located within 400 m of major roadways. While associations were seen between symptoms and truck traffic and measured pollutants, there was no significant association between any of the environmental measures and FVC < 85% or FEV1 < 85%. Restricting the analysis to children living within 500 m of highways generally increased ORs.
Personal exposure monitoring of NO2 as a surrogate for total traffic pollutants with 298 Korean college students found statistically significant associations with FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and forced expiratory volume between 25 and 75% (FEV25–75), but not with FVC. The multivariate regression model presented suggests that FEV25–75 was the outcome measure that most clearly showed an effect . Cross-sectional studies of children in Korea and France also indicate that lung function is diminished in association with area pollutants that largely derive from traffic.
Time series studies suggest there are also acute effects. A study of 19 asthmatic children measured PM via personally carried monitors, at homes and at central site monitors. The study found deficits in FEV1 that were associated with PM, although many sources besides traffic contributed to exposure. In addition, the results suggest that ability to see associations with health outcomes improves at finer scale of monitoring . PM was associated with reduced FEV1 and FVC in only the asthmatic subset of children in a Seattle study . Studies have also seen associations between PM and self reported peak flow measurements [80, 81] and asthmatic symptoms .
Cancer and near highway exposures
As noted above, both the Six-Cities Study and the American Cancer Society (ACS) Study found associations between PM and lung cancer. Follow-up studies using the ACS cohort [29, 37] and the Six-Studies cohort that controlled for smoking and other risk factors also demonstrated significant associations between PM and lung cancer. The original studies were subject to intensive replication, validation, and re-analysis which confirmed the original findings .
The ASHMOG study was designed to look specifically at lung cancer and air pollution among Seventh-day Adventists in California, taking advantage of their low smoking rates. Air pollution was interpolated to centroids of zip codes from ambient air monitoring stations. Highway proximity was not considered. The study found associations with ozone (its primary pollutant of consideration), PM10 and SO2. Notably, these are not the pollutants that would be expected to be substantially elevated immediately adjacent to highways.
A case control study of residents of Stockholm, Sweden modeled traffic-related NO2 levels at their homes over 30 years and found that the strongest association involved a 20 year latency period . Another case control study drawn from the European Prospective Investigation on Cancer and Nutrition found statistically significantly elevated ORs for lung cancer with proximity to heavy traffic (>10,000 cars per day) as well as for NO2 and PM10 at nearby ambient monitoring stations . Nafstad et al. used modeled NO2 and SO2 concentrations at the homes of over 16,000 men in Oslo to test associations with lung cancer incidence. The models included traffic and point sources. The study found small, but statistically significant associations between NO2 and lung cancer. Problems that run through all these studies are weak measures of exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke, the use of main roads rather than highways as the exposure group and modeled rather than measured air pollutants.
A study of regional pollution in Japan and a case control study of more localized pollution in a town in Italy also found associations between NO2 and lung cancer and PM and lung cancer [89, 90]. On the other hand, a study that calculated SIRs for specific cancers across lower and higher traffic intensity found little evidence of an association with a range of cancers .
The plausibility of near-highway pollution causing lung cancer is bolstered by the presence of known carcinogens in diesel PM. The US EPA has concluded after reviewing the literature that diesel exhaust is "likely to be carcinogenic to humans by inhalation" . An interesting study of UFP and DNA damage adds credibility to an association with cancer . This study had participants bicycle in traffic in Copenhagen and measured personal exposure to UFP and DNA oxidation and strand breaks in mononuclear blood cells. Bicycling in traffic increased UFP exposure and oxidative damage to DNA, thus demonstrating an association between DNA damage and UFP exposure in vivo.
Policy and research recommendations
Based on the literature reviewed above it is plausible that gradients of pollutants next to highways carry elevated health risks that may be larger than the risks of general area ambient pollutants. While the evidence is considerable, it is not overwhelming and is weak in some areas. The strongest evidence comes from studies of development of asthma and reduction of lung function during childhood, while the studies of cardiac health risk require extrapolation from area studies of smaller and larger geographic scales and inference from toxicology laboratory investigations. The lung cancer studies, because they include pollutants such as O3 that are not locally concentrated, are not particularly strong in terms of the case for near-highway risk. There is a need for lung cancer research that uses major highways rather than heavily trafficked roads as the environmental exposure.
While more studies of asthma and lung function in children are needed to confirm existing findings, especially studies that integrate exposure at school, home and during commuting, to refine our knowledge about the association, we would point to the greater need for studies of cardiac health and lung cancer and their association with near highway exposures as the primary research areas needing to be developed. Many of the studies of PM and cardiac or pulmonary health have focused on mortality. Near highway mortality studies may be possible, but would be lengthy if they were initiated as prospective cohorts. Other possibilities include retrospective case control studies of mortality, cross sectional studies or prospective studies that have end points short of mortality, such as biological markers of disease. For all health end points there is a need for studies that adequately address the possible confounding of SES with proximity to highways. There is good reason to think that property values decline near highways and that control for SES by, for example, income, may be inadequate.
Because of the incomplete development of the science regarding the health risks of near highway exposures and the high cost and implication of at least some possible changes in planning and development, policy decisions are complicated. The State of California has largely prohibited siting of schools within 500 feet of freeways (SB 352; approved by the governor October 2, 2003). Perhaps this is a viable model for other states or for national-level response. As it is the only such law of which we are aware, there may be other approaches that will be and should be tried. One limitation of the California approach is that it does nothing to address the population already exposed at schools currently cited near freeways and does not address residence near freeways.
The most susceptible (and overlooked) population in the US subject to serious health effects from air pollution may be those who live very near major regional transportation route, especially highways. Policies that have been technology based and regional in orientation do not efficiently address the very large exposure and health gradients suffered by these populations. This is problematic because even regions that EPA has deemed to be in regional PM "attainment" still include very large numbers of near highway residents who currently are not protected. There is a need for more research, but also a need to begin to explore policy options that would protect the exposed population.
ultra fine particles
- NO2 :
oxides of nitrogen
- PM2.5 :
particulate matter less than 2.5 um
- PM10 :
particulate matter less than 10 um
particle bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons
volatile organic compounds
- SO2 :
American Cancer Society
Environmental Protection Agency
- FEV1 :
forced expiratory volume in 1 second
ratio of FEV1 and forced vital capacity
- FEV25–75 :
forced expiratory volume between 25 and 75
forced vital capacity
- ug/m3 :
micrograms per cubic meter of air
vehicles per day
vehicles per hour
We thank Wig Zamore for useful insights into the topic. The Jonathan M Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service partially supported the effort of Doug Brugge and Christine Rioux. Figure 1 was reproduced with permission of the publisher.
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This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. | <urn:uuid:1659351f-861d-41b4-a233-f216b4e61d9c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1476-069X-6-23 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00321-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.866498 | 13,766 | 2.5 | 2 |
Across the nation, health care organizations are exploring ways to partner with patients and communities of color to identify and reduce health disparities. Meaningfully engaging patients can address systemic power imbalances, build trust within communities, improve understanding of cultural preferences and community needs, and inform health care organizations’ policies and practices. Community-based organizations often serve as linkages for health care systems to build relationships with community members and collaboratively address health-related social needs. In many communities, faith-based organizations — trusted entities with long-standing neighborhood roots — are valuable partners for health care systems.
The Center for Health Care Strategies (CHCS) recently spoke with Jacqueline Nelson, president of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Rome, New York, and Patricia Charvat, senior vice president of marketing and strategy at Mohawk Valley Health System in Utica, New York, to explore their recent partnership. Ms. Nelson cultivated relationships between the health system and local faith-based organizations to spearhead the Healthy Heart Church Tour, informational sessions and presentations in churches about cardiovascular health and preventive care. The tour has gone to six churches, one African American association, and a woman’s faith group, reaching about 250 people thus far. Two more sessions are scheduled for fall 2022 and there are more in discussion, with potential expansion into barber shops. Both Ms. Nelson and Ms. Charvat participate in Engaging Patients of Color to Advance Health Equity, a CHCS-led initiative supported by the New York Health Foundation that is bringing together New York-based health care organizations to strengthen their capacity to engage with patients and communities of color to advance health equity.
Why should health care organizations and community-based organizations work together to engage patients?
J. Nelson: Health care systems have resources to support residents. We were very lucky that Mohawk Valley was willing to listen and learn about the challenges in the community. It is not all roses navigating these relationships. There are difficult conversations, but these partnerships need to exist to meet the needs of the community.
P. Charvat: No one can do this alone. Stakeholders need to work together to build trust, but the reality is that health care organizations have not been good partners to communities. Collaborating with community-based organizations, especially faith-based organizations, helps to repair broken trust between health care systems and community members.
What needs did you see in the community that led to this partnership with local faith-based organizations?
J. Nelson: We want to make our community healthier, and we have to be innovative and creative to make this happen. For example, there was an older gentleman who did not want to get vaccinated. His son, a doctor, tried to persuade him but his dad was still not interested. The son pleaded with his father’s pastor to convince his dad to get vaccinated, and then he finally got the immunization. Seeing how much the older gentleman trusted his pastor shows the opportunity health care organizations have to better engage with faith-based organizations.
P. Charvat: Our lack of partnership with the community was very visible during the heightened times of COVID-19 when we saw disparities amongst people of color and people with low incomes. We realized that we could support residents by providing education and administering vaccines. Community members listen to their church leaders, so collaborating with faith-based organizations helps to build these trusting relationships.
How do you engage patients and community members in the Healthy Heart Church Tour?
J. Nelson: You have to be culturally sensitive and attuned to the needs of the community. For the initiative, we have health care providers facilitate a presentation about heart disease prevention and then we provide a healthy meal for church members. As a long-time resident of Rome, I am well-connected with church leaders and familiar with the meals that churches serve. We could not completely scratch out their meals because they were not healthy. If we did, no one would participate. We had to think about how to make their favorite meals healthier to keep them engaged.
P. Charvat: Having someone who represents and looks like the community that you are trying to serve is critical. Jackie’s input while partnering with the churches was really valuable. We learned that certain churches did not allow members to wear jeans or pants, so we were respectful of that culture, and made sure health care providers were aware. If we can find providers who speak the same language as the congregation or interpreters, we make sure to reach out to them for their participation, as well.
What is the hardest thing about engaging with community members? How do you navigate this challenge?
J. Nelson: Communication, collaboration, and coordination are key components of this work. For example, the New York Department of Health wanted to support older adults getting vaccinated in Rome and established a vaccine clinic at a local community college on a Sunday. Unfortunately, buses do not operate on Sundays, so a couple of colleagues and I had to drive and pick up the seniors from their homes to get them to the vaccination clinic. The event was advertised as a drive-through clinic so we assumed that the older adults would be able to get vaccinated in the car, which would make it easy for those who have limited mobility. But we quickly learned that the seniors had to go into the building for the vaccination. I called the sheriff’s office to see if they could help us to get the seniors into the building. Thankfully, they were extremely helpful. Because there was not much communication and collaboration between the state officials and the local community, there were challenges that could have been avoided. Working together is critical.
P. Charvat: Having enough staff to accommodate all the events has been a challenge. We have community health nurses and navigators but are also reaching out to volunteers to support this work. We don’t want to turn down an event because of capacity, so we are focused on creating a bigger army of people who can help. We also believe that this is not a competition, and that joining forces with other organizations to meet community needs is important.
What impacts on health equity have you seen through this work?
J. Nelson: The communities that we work with are frequently forgotten and disenfranchised. We get phone calls from people thanking us because they finally feel seen, and they are getting needed resources. For example, one of the church members received a blood pressure screening and learned that his blood pressure was high. The nurse connected him to a primary care provider. The following week, he went to the physician and was diagnosed with high blood pressure. He received medication and was so grateful that he attended the informational session and presentation – he had no idea that he had this condition. We know that the tour is having a positive impact in the community, and we are grateful for the partnership we have with Mohawk Valley Health System to make this a reality.
P. Charvat: Knowing what the community needs helps us to be strategic. Currently, we see an opportunity to work with our rural populations and migrant workers who have health challenges. Utica has a large population of refugees and immigrants. We work closely with The Center, a resource center for refugees that provides resources and support to this population, such as adult learning classes, employee and workforce development, immigration and citizenship assistance, and health care education.
There are documented instances of marginalized communities experiencing racism by health care systems, which creates mistrust. What advice would you give to health care organizations to better build trust and ensure that patients’ voices are valued and integrated in systemic change?
J. Nelson: Health care organizations need to be sincere in this work, because once they lose trust with the community, it is very hard to get it back. When one patient has a bad experience, it spreads like wildfire through the community. One way health care organizations can help to build trust in the community is developing patient and family advisory councils. These councils can help bring community voice into health care settings to strengthen relationships between residents and the health care organization, which can be a very helpful strategy to better engage with patients.
P. Charvat: Partnership is key because community-based organizations know their residents and how to navigate challenges. Health care organizations need training and education about diversity, equity, and inclusion. We also have to do a better job in making sure that our staff resemble the population that we are serving. Navigators and bilingual speakers are critical – even promotional materials should be culturally appropriate. We have an obligation to keep the community healthy, and that is what health care organizations should strive to do every day. | <urn:uuid:bc266af2-a44a-4ef8-aa81-f546756047e3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chcs.org/healthy-heart-church-tour-a-unique-community-partnership-to-advance-racial-and-health-equity/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.976974 | 1,753 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The map above can be zoomed in on certain areas in Abbotsford to see the locations of registered devices.
Residents of certain areas of Abbotsford have complained for years about the concentration of propane cannons in their neighbourhoods.
Now, information obtained from the City of Abbotsford about the location of bird-scare devices shows just how densely packed the noisy devices are in various rural areas.
According to addresses obtained by The News under the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, 21 of the cannons are registered in an approximately five-square-kilometre section of Matsqui centred around Fore Road east of Highway 11. Another dozen or so cannons can be found west of Highway 11, with others in surrounding areas in Matsqui.
Another hotspot is Bradner. The data also shows a dozen cannons are registered within two kilometres of the intersection of Bradner and Lefeuvre roads. Further south, there are four cannons registered within one kilometre of one another near the intersection of Lefeuvre and King roads.
Another dozen cannons are located in a five-square-kilometre section of heavily farmed land between Huntingdon Road and 0 Ave, near Bradner and Ross roads.
And on Sumas Prairie, there is a cluster located on the Interprovincial Highway and north and east of No. 3 Road and its Highway 1 interchange.
Other devices are scattered around Abbotsford’s agricultural areas, and it is possible there were more cannons operating this season that have not been registered.
The city fielded 20 complaints so far in 2015, up from just three last year, Mayor Henry Braun told The News in late August. A total of 122 farms in Abbotsford are now registered under the Audible Bird Scare Device Bylaw, which gives the city the ability to enforce rules surrounding the use of cannons and fine those who don’t comply. It also requires farmers using one of the devices to create a bird management plan and post a sign with phone numbers – for city bylaw officers and the Blueberry Council – that can be called by residents who have issues.
The bylaw, though, is limited in its scope, as the use of cannons is protected by the provincial Right to Farm Act and the guidelines surrounding their use are set out by the Ministry of Agriculture. A previous bylaw developed by council was rejected by the ministry in 2013.
To view interactive maps of all the cannons located in the city, visit abbynews.com. | <urn:uuid:ea88f7cc-685f-479a-9d92-6356fb6af280> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.abbynews.com/news/map-data-on-bird-scare-device-locations-show-clusters-in-matsqui-bradner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00079.warc.gz | en | 0.95792 | 513 | 1.609375 | 2 |
This tutorial will show you how to change touch keyboard behaviors in Windows 8.
Touch keyboards where famous in the tablets as well as the smartphones till a few months back but now with the new Windows 8, a new design for keyboard has come both for PC’s as well as tablets. This has been done to improve the user friendliness of the interface. While designing the keyboard the designers kept a lot of things in their minds, they thought about the postures of using a keyboard and optimized the position and designs of the keys in such a manner that it would be comfortable for the user.
Two designs came out of their minds, 1st being the standard keyboard for users those who like to hold the tablet/keyboard in one hand and type with the help of other and the 2nd being the split keyboard for the users who prefer to type using both of their hands simultaneously for faster typing. To change the settings of the touch screen you just need to go to the control panel’s general settings option and change the settings as per your requirement under the Touch Keyboard option.
Steps to change touch keyboard behaviors in windows 8
1. To change the settings you need to go to the control panel, On the desktop press Window + X buttons and click on control panel.
2. Now, you will find many options on the left hand side, click General Option.
3. After selecting general options you will find settings option for Touch Keyboard, select/deselect the options as per your requirements. | <urn:uuid:9dacfc91-6588-42e7-8aaf-5f136e741a09> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mywindowshub.com/change-touch-keyboard-behaviors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00096-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933986 | 308 | 2.328125 | 2 |
In reply to your comment, I decided to address the Ailstock Surname as it pertains to the Adkins line in today’s post. I hope that you will find it useful.
my name is Evelyn Brown. Everyone calls me Tynk, so I would appreciate it if you would also. My great grandma Is Minnie Ailstock. We are descendants of Chief Cornstalk. He is my 6th great grandfather. I would love more information if anyone would supply this for me I would appreciate it. Thank you, my e-mail is [email protected] and you can find me on facebook under Tynk Brown.
I only know of one Minnie Ailstock
Name: Minnie Alvine Ailstock
Birth: 13 Oct 1898 – Millboro, Bath, Virginia, USA
Death: 26 May 1970 – Elkins, Randolph, West Virginia, USA
Parents: Wayman Edgar S. Ailstock, Georgia Anna Madison
Spouse: Miles Ellis Workman
I’m sure there are many more, Minnie Ailstocks, but I think you’re referring to the daughter of Wayman & Georgia.
- Name: Wayman Edgar S Ailstock
Birth: Jan 1860 – Bath, Virginia, United States
Marriage: 26 Sep 1886
Parents: Absalom Ailstock, Nancy Jane Ailstock
Spouse: Georgia Anna Madison
- Wayman was the son of Absalom Ailstock (1836 – 1909)
http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/9822358/photo/EEd0FzCBps9eG2E2KyNkUjxsuj!oS4Uoh6m1K0lm71Ku_5flzQDJap9XkiSkG4C! was the son of John G Ailstock, Margaret Polly Thomas.
- John G Ailstock
Birth 1808 in Virginia, United States
Death 1870 in Rockbridge, Virginia, United States was the son of
- ABSALOM AILSTOCK
Birth ABT 1753 in Louisa County, Virginia
Death abt 1858 in Rockbridge County, Virginia
whom was the son of Micael Ailstock and Rebecca Goins
- MICHAEL AILSTOCK
Birth abt 1755 in Virginia
Death 13 Mar 1792 in Lousia County, Virginia
Michael was the youngest son of
- Keigh-taugh-quah Hokoleskwa Cornstalk
Birth 1712 in Greenbrier, Westmoreland, Pennsylvania, USA
Death 10 Nov 1777 in Point Pleasant, Mason, West Virginia, USA
and 3rd wife Julia Scot B:1726 Edinburg, Scotland D: abt 1755 Loudon, Virginia, USA
There’s a huge legend/lore going along with why Julia Scots sons changed their names from Adkins/Atkinson to Ailstock, or why they would have been an form of Surname Adkins to start with. I didn’t put all of that on my tree, because most of it is fable. They didn’t want to be a part of the Shawnee Nation anymore. I can’t remember what the squabble was over, but it was serious. I look at it this way, if a Scottish woman marries a Shawnee Chief, either being forced or willingly, and is his third wife, there are going to be problems with the family somewhere. Just look at a traditional family with the regular problems of siblings, so I can only imagine what went on in this one.
I have heard of a few books on this line, I do hope that you take the time to research them. I’m sure I didn’t share anything here that you didn’t already know. This line is where the Melungeon/Mulatto Line is heavily steeped, you may need to look into that as well.
I hope I’ve given you a place to start sharing what you have on your line. Stories and other avenues to follow.
Good Luck in your search.
Thanks as always and Welcome to the Family,
Sheila Jean Adkins Metcalf
One of the major factors that differentiates creative from lesser creative people is that creative people give themselves a license to pay attention to their small ideas. ~ Roger von Oech | <urn:uuid:02f07980-9c38-4079-ae0f-d9250ee9f0c9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://adkinsmetcalffamily.wordpress.com/tag/mulatto/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934896 | 935 | 1.515625 | 2 |
I recently received a copy of the ordo for 2008 published by the Saint Lawrence Press. This ordo follows the 1939 edition of the Roman missal. If you would like to know more about it, there is a website here. Readers of this blog will have seen the comments on the post about the new SSPX church in Gateshead where this frst came to my attention. The ordo looks formidable at first and takes a bit of deciphering when it is unfamiliar. There is a sample page with explanation here.
It is a fascinating insight into the Roman rite before the reforms of the 1950`s and 1960. The site offers a comparison between different editions of the Roman rite since 1570 which is also very interesting.
Fr Demets in his talk to the clergy of Little Rock mentions that within the Priestly Fraternity of St Peter there are some who prefer the pre-1962 Roman missal. The Institute of Christ the King are said to have permission to celebrate the pre-reform Holy Week services too. However as I mentioned in the comments box it is enough of a struggle to get the 1962 missal up and running at the minute without complicating things further. However I am enjoying looking at this ordo every day to see what was in the norm in 1939.
When I was at seminary it was not unusual for an attachment to the `Tridentine` missal to be attacked on the grounds that those who liked it valued it for the sense of liturgical immutability and continuity it gave whereas in fact the Roman missal of 1570 missal was not identical to that of 1962. Here we can, with the help of the comparison table, follow those changes. However the changes between 1570 and 1962 are fairly cosmetic compared to that of the 1970 Novus Ordo and the sesnse of following an unbroken tradition is stronger in the 1962 missal than that of 1970. | <urn:uuid:61091d79-beac-451a-90b8-b37bc736dba8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://forestmurmurs.blogspot.com/2008/01/saint-lawrence-press.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00468-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974322 | 392 | 1.890625 | 2 |
according to the results of a survey conducted Aug. 7-26.
Nationally, 23.8% of respondents said that they were very concerned about being able to receive care during the pandemic, and another 27.4% said that they were somewhat concerned. Just under a quarter, 24.3%, said they were not very concerned, while 20.4% were not at all concerned, the COVID-19 Consortium for Understanding the Public’s Policy Preferences Across States21,196 adults.
At the state level, Mississippi had the most adults (35.5%) who were very concerned about their access to care, followed by Texas (32.7%) and Nevada (32.4%). The residents of Montana were least likely (10.5%) to be very concerned, with Vermont next at 11.6% and Wyoming slightly higher at 13.8%. Montana also had the highest proportion of adults, 30.2%, who were not at all concerned, the consortium’s data show.
When asked about getting the coronavirus themselves, 67.8% of U.S. adults came down on the concerned side (33.3% somewhat and 34.5% very concerned) versus 30.8% who were not concerned (18.6% were not very concerned; 12.2% were not concerned at all.). Respondents’ concern was higher for their family members’ risk of getting coronavirus: 30.2% were somewhat concerned and 47.6% were very concerned, the consortium said.
Among many other topics, respondents were asked how closely they had followed recommended health guidelines in the last week, with the two extremes shown here:
- Avoiding contact with other people: 49.3% very closely, 4.8% not at all closely.
- Frequently washing hands: 74.7% very, 1.6% not at all.
- Disinfecting often-touched surfaces: 54.4% very, 4.3% not at all.
- Wearing a face mask in public: 75.7% very, 3.5% not at all.
The consortium is a joint project of the Network Science Institute of Northeastern University; the Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics, and Public Policy of Harvard University; Harvard Medical School; the School of Communication and Information at Rutgers University; and the department of political science at Northwestern University. The project is supported by grants from the National Science Foundation. | <urn:uuid:673bd639-67c0-4231-aa61-30a782523de5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://community.the-hospitalist.org/hospitalist/article/228720/coronavirus-updates/many-americans-still-concerned-about-access-health | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.985216 | 510 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Millions of children and families living in America face hunger and food insecurity every day.
- Due to the effects of the coronavirus pandemic, more than 42 million people may experience food insecurity, including a potential 13 million children.
- The pandemic has most impacted families that were already facing hunger or one paycheck away from facing hunger.
- According to the USDA’s latest Household Food Insecurity in the United States report, more than 38 million people in the United States experienced hunger in 2020.
- Households with children are more likely to experience food insecurity. Before the coronavirus pandemic, more than 12 million children live in food-insecure households.
- Every community in the country is home to families who face hunger, including rural and suburban communities.
- Many households that experience food insecurity do not qualify for federal nutrition programs and visit their local food banks and other food programs for extra support.
Hunger can affect people from all walks of life. Millions of people in America are just one job loss, missed paycheck, or medical emergency away from hunger. But hunger doesn’t affect everyone equally – some groups like children, seniors, and Black, Indigenous, and other people of color face hunger at much higher rates. Hunger also most often affects our neighbors who live in poverty.
about Feeding America...
The Feeding America network is the nation’s largest domestic hunger-relief organization. Together with individuals, charities, businesses and government their mission is to end hunger.
In a country that wastes billions of pounds of food each year, it’s almost shocking that anyone in America goes hungry. Yet every day, there are millions of children and adults who do not get the meals they need to thrive. Feeding America works to get nourishing food – from farmers, manufacturers, and retailers – to people in need. At the same time, they also seek to help the people they serve to build a path to a brighter, food-secure future.
For more than 40 years, Feeding America has responded to the needs of individuals struggling with food insecurity in this country. In times of uncertainty, they have not wavered from our mission to end the fight against hunger. | <urn:uuid:b0545778-9acd-42a6-872b-3e39f09aa794> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.laurasfarm.com/hunger-relief/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.954837 | 458 | 3.328125 | 3 |
Can somone help me please! I'm looking for a website that can give me algerbra and geometry worksheets. Cd rom programs if you know of any.
shimmy shimmy coconut shimmy shimmy nut
There are some great algebra and geometry (and trigonometry, calculus, and many other topics all the way down to addition of 1 digit numbers) at www.lulu.com/roxlulu. Enjoy! (They are very nice because they are self-checking via decoders.)
PAR ME BHI TO adriana HUN NA
MAI BHI KUCH NAHI JANTA NA ISKE BARE ME KYUN KI ME EK 5th STANDARD KA LADKA HUN OR MUJHE TO BODMAS CHAHI YE PAR YEHE TO MIL NAHI RAHA
BYE - BYE GOING OFFLINE
Allen G Varghese,
BODMAS is the order in which the operations are performed, D for Division, M for Multiplication, A for Addition and S for Subtraction.
If there's a question 9÷3x7+9x2, this is how the calcuation ought to be performed:-
9÷3 is 3, 3x7 is 21. 9x2 is 18. 21+18 is 39. Therefore, 39 is the answer.
It is no good to try to stop knowledge from going forward. Ignorance is never better than knowledge - Enrico Fermi.
Nothing is better than reading and gaining more and more knowledge - Stephen William Hawking. | <urn:uuid:6b1f4112-13f0-4a82-8ab7-b912be84b485> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mathisfunforum.com/viewtopic.php?pid=89558 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887169 | 343 | 2.359375 | 2 |
- Yellen, Benjamin B. and Friedman, Gary, Programmable assembly of colloidal particles using magnetic microwell templates,
Langmuir, vol. 20 no. 7
pp. 2553 - 2559 [la0352016] .
(last updated on 2007/04/06)
A substrate of thin micromagnets covered by a template of microwells is used to direct the assembly of superparamagnetic colloidal beads into two-dimensional arrays. It is confirmed that the magnetization of the micromagnets can direct beads to programmed locations on the substrate with assistance of externally applied magnetic fields. Empirical investigations on this topic were guided by mathematical models with the intent to elucidate the conditions that promote a single bead to be assembled in the desired microwells. To demonstrate that this technique is programmable, heterogeneous arrays of colored beads are produced.
Particles (particulate matter);Magnets;Superparamagnetism;Magnetization;Magnetic field effects;Mathematical models; | <urn:uuid:c4ff09d5-a4b9-4e4e-bebe-60b0b2946e3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://fds.duke.edu/db/pratt/mems/faculty/benjamin.yellen/publications/56399 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00441-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.841911 | 211 | 2 | 2 |
The head of a leading hotel group has said the industry could do “an awful lot more” to cut its carbon use as an investment index showed travel companies below the corporate average in tackling environmental and social issues.
Jumeirah Group executive chairman Gerald Lawless warned the environment poses “a banana skin” for the industry if it does not get sustainability right.
Speaking at the World Travel and Tourism Council summit in Tokyo, Lawless said: “We cannot ignore those who say ‘what about the environment?’.
“In the hotel industry we could do an awful lot more to improve our carbon footprint. It is a huge banana skin for the industry. We have to get it right as we go forward.”
FTSE director for Asia Pacific business development Paul Hoff told the summit most travel companies attain below average ratings on the FTSE4good index of responsible policies and practice.
The index rates listed companies on a series of environmental, social and governance (ESG) issues, producing a rating on a scale of zero to five. It shows a global corporate average across all sectors of 2.7, where three reflects ‘good practice’ and two ‘some elements of good practice’.
Travel and tourism companies rate an average of just 2.42, compared with an airline average of 2.9. In the leisure sector, only gambling rates lower than travel and tourism.
However, telecommunications is the only sector of global industry rated above three on the index, leaving airlines on average in fifth place among listed companies.
Hoff said: “Human rights is the issue travel companies score lowest on – the right to water, the rights of indigenous people to land and general labour rights.
He added: “Investors are increasingly putting money into the ESG area, and travel companies will increasingly have to consider this. ESG investment has grown substantially. It is taken very seriously in Europe.
“Transparency will build the trust that helps institutional investors support your industry.”
This is a community-moderated forum.
All post are the individual views of the respective commenter and are not the expressed views of Travel Weekly.
By posting your comments you agree to accept our Terms & Conditions. | <urn:uuid:e8a003cd-c72c-4b94-a6b5-ebd4fa0aecec> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.travelweekly.co.uk/articles/40254/travel-falling-short-on-human-rights-and-emissions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00400-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942483 | 468 | 1.554688 | 2 |
|Pvt. George Washington, Co. D, 23rd USCT|
By now many of you are familiar with the excellent research that the crew over at Mysteries & Conundrums has uncovered regarding this regiment and its first action at the Alrich Farm on May 15, 1864, which you can read here. But there is more to the story of the 23rd than just this one fight.
|Lt. Robert K. Beecham, 23rd USCT|
As the 23d was made up mostly of men from Washington and Baltimore, very naturally we found among them some pretty hard cases, the equals, perhaps, of what white troops would show if recruited in the same cities; but as a rule the men were sober, honest, patriotic and willing to learn and fulfill the duties of soldiers.At the outset of the Overland Campaign in May of 1864, the 4th Division was assigned to guard Germanna ford. It was during this time that they would be called upon to help repel Confederate cavalry at the Alrich farm, which marked the first time that USCTs had clashed with the Army of Northern Virginia north of the James River. As the campaign continued to unfold and then wind down, the 23rd found itself at Petersburg where it would participate in the notorious Battle of the Crater, in which they sustained 74 men killed, 115 wounded, and 121 missing.
The men of the 23rd stayed at Petersburg, where they would see large scale action again at the Battle of Hatcher’s Run on October 27, 1864. By the time that Richmond fell, the 23rd – now part of the 25th Corps of the Army of the James – had to march up a road strewn with landmines to get into the capital city. Like many USCT units, the 23rd ended its days in Texas after the fighting had ceased. They lost a grand total of 165 men from disease and 172 men killed or mortally wounded during the war.
For over 140 years the story of the 23rd has coasted under the radar, their fight at the Alrich farm nearly forgotten. But now I am happy to report that the 23rd United States Colored Troops is being reborn for the Sesquicentennial. Most of you must have read by now the post on John Cummings’ Spotsylvania Civil War Blog about the core group that is hoping to take the story of the 23rd into the nearby community and generate enough interest to have a proper commemoration of the clash at the Alrich Farm in May of 2014.
Since this is such an important task, I have decided to “join up” and will be portraying a 1st Lieutenant with the group and I would ask anyone in Central and Northern Virginia with an interest in portraying the African American fighting man of 1863-1865 to consider joining us in this effort. The unit has already partnered with the John J. Wright Educational & Cultural Center Museum and we are actively seeking other members and sponsors to help us in our task.
Please take the time to consider the part you can play in helping us with this effort and look for updates on this blog as to the progress we make prior to our “big day” in 2014! | <urn:uuid:02f49c86-3179-4dd1-b933-4511fce10ef1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://sablearm.blogspot.com/2011/03/23rd-usct-then-now.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00158-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979525 | 666 | 2.421875 | 2 |
WE have made a practice of publishing at intervals articles surveying the progress made in elucidating, and summarising the state of knowledge arrived at in regard to, various problems that have from time to time become prominent in regard to the performance or safety of the aeroplane. One of the difficulties in selecting subjects for such surveys is to determine when the time has arrived at which knowledge has, as the result of investigation, become more or less stabilised, at any rate for the time being, and a stage has been reached when there is one of those pauses in the pursuit of information which makes the occasion suitable for taking stock. We have frequently had from readers confirmation of our own view that these surveys are of interest to them and only recently we have had a communication from overseas indicating that articles of this type are welcome and looked forward to by readers who are cut off by distance from the main centres of original investigation and research.
MCB UP Ltd
Copyright © 1939, MCB UP Limited | <urn:uuid:4dff8fb4-ae10-430f-a294-65d5cbf9b19f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb030433/full/html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.978113 | 208 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Making the Move to Solar Easy
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Electricity is not free and paying the utility company to power your vehicle can be expensive and increase your carbon footprint, which won’t serve your overall goal of reducing emissions. There is a better alternative to traditional electricity to power your vehicle: solar EV chargers. Solar EV chargers use renewable energy to power electric vehicles.
Electric cars are now manufactured by most companies, from Chevrolet to Tesla, to meet the growing demand for electric vehicles. Solar power can be used to power your vehicle, just like it can be used to generator power for your home. Improvements in technology and lower costs for installing solar power have made it possible, and practical, to power your entire home with solar power, including your electric vehicle.
To determine the right size for your system, we help you consider:
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At The Solar Store, we are committed to providing innovative solutions to meet the unique requirements of every customer. Solar panels are now installed on solar structures that are built over pools, garages, and patios, which helps to extend your home space and provide sufficient energy to meet your needs, whether you want to power your vehicle, your entire home, or use solar energy for all your power needs.
This is an exciting time to be in the solar power industry, and we are motivated to stay at the forefront of our rapidly changing industry to deliver the highest quality products and services to each customer. In addition to providing the products you need and expert installation, we are committed to educating our customers about the benefits of solar power and the many options that are now available.
Contact our team today to discover the benefits of charging your electric vehicle with solar power. | <urn:uuid:be634cd7-f456-4eb6-81e9-7a032b831144> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.solarstore.com/solar-services/ev-chargers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.942691 | 605 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Click for "Microbes After Hours" videos
Vincent Racaniello, Ph.D. (aka profvrr) is Professor of Microbiology at Columbia University Medical Center. He has been studying viruses for over 30 years, starting in 1975, when he entered the Ph.D. program in Biomedical Sciences at Mt. Sinai School of Medicine of the City University of New York. Hius thesis research, in the laboratory of Dr. Peter Palese, was focussed on influenza viruses. In 1979 he joined the laboratory of Dr. David Baltimore at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, for postdoctoral work on poliovirus. In 1982 Vincent joined the faculty in the Department of Microbiology at Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons in New York City. There he established a laboratory to study viruses, and to train other scientists to become virologists. Over the years his laboratory has studied a variety of viruses including poliovirus, echovirus, enterovirus 70, rhinovirus, and hepatitis C virus. As principal investigator of his laboratory, he oversees the research that is carried out by Ph.D. students and postdoctoral fellows. He also teaches virology to graduate students, as well as medical, dental, and nursing students.
If you would like to learn about his work on viruses in more detail, please visit his website at Columbia University. For a different view, check out Vincent’s virology blog, or his Wikipedia page. You might also like to follow Vincent on Twitter, where he often provide links to interesting stories about viruses. | <urn:uuid:01344e1e-d693-4231-b8f3-902b4569a790> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.microbeworld.org/podcasts/this-week-in-virology/about-vincent-racaniello-ph-d | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00134-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96685 | 321 | 1.8125 | 2 |
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Gyuris, R. Biol.Binary option trading in malaysia | <urn:uuid:f45e38eb-dfad-4d2d-b2a0-e175d92b6e6e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://plakat26.ru/trend-strategy-binary-options-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00425-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.897638 | 2,536 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Microsoft is inspiring artistic creativity through the launch of an international project called The Art of Touch. The campaign provides a free digital toolset and canvas to easily create, save, and share digital artwork.
The project invites artists of all ages using a modern HTML5-capable browser to use the digital palette and canvas. The Art of Touch site, ArtOfTouch.com, transforms a visitor’s mouse into a paintbrush to allow them to paint using six different effects to create their artwork, and show off to their friends online and through Facebook where they can earn votes to win prizes in The Art of Touch Sweepstakes. The top vote-getter will be showcased on The Art of Touch site as a featured artist. | <urn:uuid:5018a690-0068-44ce-b454-3e7716338f3c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://techie-buzz.com/tag/designer-tools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00011-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933114 | 147 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Geographical Index > United States > Minnesota > Itasca County > Report # 992|
Submitted by witness M. A. on Wednesday, December 27, 2000.
Deer hunter finds large prints near Goodland
(Show Printer-friendly Version)
COUNTY: Itasca County
LOCATION DETAILS: The area is east of Goodland. South of where My parents and I now live. The forest has changed drastically in the past 20 years because of logging.
NEAREST TOWN: Goodland
NEAREST ROAD: Hyw 73
OBSERVED: I was hunting behind my parents place with 3 older guys and a high school friend. We where over a mile back and there weren't any roads just a trail that we used. We would split up for the morning and then return around noon to a place we called the kitchen to build a fire and have lunch.
That day I just kept going south and west because the swamps where frozen and I was seeing plenty of deer sign. It was getting close to noon so I decided to cut north east with my compass and hopefully pick up our trail and meet back at the kitchen for lunch. I came to a swamp with lot's of alder brush and tamarack but I could see highland about a quarter mile through it so I decided to go to it not knowing exactly where I was.
The first thing I noticed that was strange was the deer sign had just stopped not a track around. I finally reached the highland and to my surprise through the middle it looked like a trail with branches broken of high. I saw what at first I thought where pac boot tracks then I looked at them closer it looked like a human foot print with toes. It was 12- 14 inches long with a heal that was 4 inches wide and maybe 5 inches across the toes. It was a very creepy feeling and I was glad to have my deer rifle. I wasn't sure what to do but decided to follow them for awhile since they where going the direction I needed to go. When I got to the swamp it looked like it took of running north so I just kept going north east.
I finally made it back to the kitchen and met up with the other hunters. I was reluctant to say anything but decided that I had to. Of course they all looked at me like I was crazy. Then I told them that with the snow I could track myself and find my way back there so someone had to come with me to see what I saw. My high school buddy said he would. We started out and I new that daylight time was short but we did make it back to that highland and my buddy saw the tracks and to this day we still can only say that they where bigfoot tracks. The next day I wanted to bring a couple of other people to the site but the weather turned warm and the snow had melted enough that I couldn't find the location. Everyone was tired trying to find it so we never did get back there.
That was 20 years ago and I still tell the story once in a while but have never written it down. Finding this site has made me feel better about what we saw that day and instead of trying to just let it rest it has made me think more strongly about it again. When I read the eye witness account from the young kid seeing a bigfoot over by Cotton, MN, that was close to the same time period and the distance is only 30 some miles maybe it was the same one.
Plus I saw a news clip on a Duluth TV station this week. about Dr Juice taping the noises of a big foot in Washington state also rekindled me to tell my story here.
ALSO NOTICED: I forgot to mention that the stride was way longer
than a normal man walking. I did not see a track
from any other animal or bird or hear any.
OTHER WITNESSES: The only other witness to the tracks was a friend of mine that was hunting with me.
OTHER STORIES: I have not heard of another instance from the area.
TIME AND CONDITIONS: It was around noon cool 28-32 degrees F. with just enough snow to easily see tracks perhaps 1/2 - 1 inch. The sky was overcast with a few breaks in the clouds.
ENVIRONMENT: It was a piece of highland maybe 2 acres in the the middle of a spruce, cedar and tamarack swamp.
Follow-up investigation report:
I talked with the witness. No further details can be added to the report. | <urn:uuid:076a84d9-69f3-4d7c-8e6a-aca224db3455> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bfro.net/GDB/show_report.asp?id=992 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570793.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808092125-20220808122125-00674.warc.gz | en | 0.98427 | 978 | 1.867188 | 2 |
The Immigration Minister is calling on churches to step up and...
Mother Teresa will be declared a saint at the Vatican on September 4.
The canonisation date has been set by Pope Francis after he approved a second miracle attributed to Mother Teresa's intercession in December.
Her sainthood date falls on the eve of the 19th anniversary of her death.
The nun cared for the poorest of the poor and will now become the centrepiece of the pontiff's year-long focus on the Catholic Church's merciful side.
She was an Albanian nun who won the Nobel Peace prize in 1979, and is best known for her work among the impoverished in the slums of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta), India.
Pope Francis approved the healing of a Brazilian man with brain tumours who prayed to Mother Teresa.
The Pope met Mother Teresa in 1994 at a Vatican synod.
Vatican spokesman Fr Federico Lombardi said the Pope, then the Archbishop Jorge Mario Bergoglio, developed a great esteem for her: "He heard her intervene often with great strength, without letting herself in any way be intimidated by an assembly of bishops.
"And from that he developed a great esteem for her, as a strong woman, a woman able to give courageous testimony."
In Catholicism, two miracles are needed to become a saint.
The Vatican recognised Mother Teresa’s first miracle in 2002, a healing of a Bengali tribal woman with an abdominal tumour.
She was beatified by Pope John Paul II in 2003, the first step to being canonised.
Stay informed and inform others with up to the minute news from a Christian perspective.
Daily News email | <urn:uuid:eee7c39d-ef06-412d-99d4-a6abf531b50e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.premier.org.uk/News/World/Mother-Teresa-to-be-made-a-saint-in-September | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.934873 | 346 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Kids Call is a hands-on way for youth to learn more about the issues that youth in crisis face and the solutions available to them- straight from the NRS front line team of staff and volunteers. Kids Call helps participants further grasp what runaway and homeless youth are going through, as well as familiarize themselves with NRS’ services in case they, or anyone they know, end up in crisis. We’ll answer questions such as: “How long are runaways gone? What makes someone run away? What can I do instead of running away?”
Here’s how Kids Call works:
1. Brainstorm with your class, group or youth questions about runaway issues. Here a few common questions to get you started:
- What makes someone run away?
- Where do they go?
- When do they decide to go home?
- Do runaways go to jail?
- How do they get home if they don’t have any money?
- What are the most common reasons for calling the National Runaway Safeline?
- How long are runaways gone?
- Do all runaways go home?
- What can I do if someone I know is wanting to run away? Or has run away?
2. To schedule a Kids Call session, call the Prevention Specialist at 773-289-1723 or email at [email protected]
3. A time will be scheduled for your class, group or youth to speak with a front line staff member or volunteer to facilitate a discussion about runaway issues, answer questions and have an opportunity to experience a “mock” call.
4. NRS will ask the group leader or teacher to fill out a Kids Call evaluation form and return it to NRS via mail or fax 773-929-5150. | <urn:uuid:667ad085-edf2-4ec1-82b8-a70e5693979a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.1800runaway.org/providers-educators/kids-call/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00332-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.928806 | 380 | 1.796875 | 2 |
A not-for-profit organization is a type of organization that does not earn profits for its owners. All of the money earned by or donated to a not for profit organization is used in pursuing the organization’s objectives. Typically not-for-profit organizations are charities or other types of public service organizations. They cannot distribute corporate income to shareholders.
The Law defines that not-for-profit are two types – associations and foundations, according to their device as legal persons. The Association is a union of physical or legal entities for achieving non-profit goal. The Foundation is a legal person without membership composition, performing community service or activity for private benefit. The Foundation can also support projects which are implemented abroad.
Not-for-profit organizations are subject to income tax for the taxable benefit they accumulate. Income from donations and sponsorship is not regarded as business income and cannot be subject to corporate tax.
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Saturday, July 19, 2014
Tamara Logsdon and Tyler Hulett are taking the long view with their Kickstarter campaign.
Logsdon, a 2007 Hood River Valley High School graduate, and Hulett, a cancer immunology doctoral student, are looking to expand what they can do in their “serious hobbies” of photography by raising funds via Kickstarter.com/Discover Oregon.
Their campaign expires July 24, and so far they have raised about 10 percent of their $5,000 goal.
Hulett and Logsdon want to purchase a camera and other equipment that will help them create even better time lapse nature footage than can be found at their website, Discover Oregon (discoveroregon.org).
They have already posted two short films and hope to create longer works that display the splendor of Oregon and preserve it for future generations.
The kickstarter.org narrative describes Discover Oregon as “Interwoven time-lapse and real-time film of Oregon’s landscapes, plants, and wildlife in feature-length cinematic high definition.”
With Kickstarter, individuals pledge donations to a project, with rewards provided in return for donations. With Discover Oregon, donations of $10 to $250 involve rewards graduating from a copy of the film to an on-screen credit to a DVD with unreleased footage. In exchange for larger donations, Hulett will go to a location in Oregon of the donor’s choosing, as long as it can be done over a weekend, and include the footage in the feature film. A larger donation reaps a “personal project,” not including a wedding, shot and edited by Hulett.
Hulett writes on the site, “I’ve launched Discover Oregon to document our state digitally to enjoy today and preserve for future generations. My initial mission: interwoven time-lapse and real-time film of Oregon’s landscapes, people, plants, and wildlife as it exists in the 21st century.”
Kickstarter funds would go for a panoramic camera that can shoot in slow motion and to create a rail that changes the perspective of the camera while the shoot’s in motion. | <urn:uuid:08890d28-0b81-4614-a21b-6a2346a5e908> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://t.hoodrivernews.com/news/2014/jul/19/discover-oregon-photographers-seek-kickstarter-don/?templates=tablet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00381-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940924 | 459 | 1.625 | 2 |
We are all about easy Easter crafts for kids these days! Today we’re pairing up contact paper with tissue paper and yarn to make some simple stained glass Easter eggs!
We’ve only recently discovered the joys of crafting with contact paper here in my daycare.
Contact paper comes on a roll, and can be found at most hardware stores. You can also order it from Amazon, and you’ll find the link of that further down in this post.
To make your stained glass Easter eggs, you’ll need:
this post contains affiliate links
- contact paper
- tissue paper
- coloured yarn
- scotch tape
Let’s make them!
I started by cutting some large ovals out of the contact paper. Then I peeled the back off the contact paper, and placed these oval “eggs” sticky side up on the table. I used a couple of pieces of scotch tape to secure each egg to the table so they wouldn’t slip around as the hooligans worked on them.
Then the hooligans got busy completely covering their sticky eggs with the tissue paper and the yarn.
One thing to remember is that the side facing up will actually end up being the back of the egg, so if there are pieces that you want to see (when you hang your egg in a window), you’ll want to stick them down first, and then cover them up with tissue paper.
In the bottom-right shot of the above photo, you can see that the yarn was placed on top of the tissue paper. I realized that it wouldn’t show up once hung in the window, so I actually took a second piece of contact paper, and covered the top side of the egg as well, so yarn side could be the “good side”.
Then, tape it up in a sunny window, and see how the sunlight comes through the tissue paper, giving it the stained glass effect.
For more easy Easter craft ideas, be sure to check out our: | <urn:uuid:127af4f8-0e6b-49f8-a4cf-26ce7d3fb3bb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://happyhooligans.ca/stained-glass-easter-eggs-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948013 | 427 | 1.90625 | 2 |
I: Preparation Time
To put IT simply, the spoto net CISA examincludes two parts: audit practice and information system. If you have a certain understanding of both parts, the recommended preparation time is 3 weeks. If you do not have a good understanding of IT, the recommended preparation time is at least 4 weeks. Master the audit knowledge required for the exam in 1-2 weeks. The above assumption requires 3-4 hours per day, with exceptions for special talents.
Tips: Longer preparation time, such as 2 months or more, is not recommended, with the exception of the amazing memory.
II: Content Examination Preparation
This is related to the knowledge already mastered. If you do not have audit and it knowledge, the probability of passing by brushing questions is very small. It is recommended to read through the official teaching materials and supplement the examination knowledge points. The recommended teaching materials:
CISA Certification Study Guide (4th Edition) certified information system auditor, published by Tsinghua University Press.
Tips: the textbook suggests reading through rather than intensive reading. The main purpose is to understand the test content. It is to understand rather than remember. Of course, it is better to remember.
After knowing the test content, the next step is to brush the questions. There are many question banks open online. If you have enough time, it is recommended to brush more questions, but those without answers are not recommended to brush! If there is an English version, it is recommended to brush the English question bank first! The Chinese translation of some CISA topics is not very good, but most of them can be understood.
It is suggested to review all wrong questions before the exam.
III: Examination Skills
In the process of question brushing / examination, two options are generally excluded within 5 seconds, and the remaining two options hover between 40 ~ 60%. The following skills are assumed to be used under the condition of deception:
1) The use of words such as “often”, “common” or “rarely” introduces subjectivity. If any option is subjective, it is generally not the correct answer.
2) If two of these options are almost the same in language description, then one of them is likely to be the correct answer.
3) If you think two of these options are basically correct, you should choose a more comprehensive / global option.
4) When the answer is similar to “through appropriate XX control”, it is likely to be the correct answer, because there is no more accurate than appropriate.
5) When the keyword “all” appears in the answer, it is generally not the correct answer, because there are exceptions to everything.
IV: Other References
1) The specific examination time is not completely fixed. It is not a problem to arrive at the examination room in advance or late. If you arrive in advance, you can enter the examination in advance.
2) I haven’t heard of the case that the examination time is not enough. It is generally considered that it is normal to complete the examination within 2-3 hours, and the examination time is about 1 hour.
3) Because the test content is related to my usual work, I chose to brush questions instead of reading. The total number of questions is about 3-4k, and the final total score is 546. | <urn:uuid:0d3682bd-7252-4a0d-b028-4519641118cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://microtechfiltration.com/cisa-exam-experience-sharing-of-isaca/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.941461 | 700 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Cova has history, culture and music (Photo….Shutterstock / Claudio Divizia)
Being sent to Coventry is generally not something we strive for, but if there was ever a time to discover – or rediscover – this decidedly thankless but undeniably historic city, it would be in 2021.
This year she is wearing the coveted coat of the British cultural capital.
Coventry is overshadowed by its older sister Birmingham and neighboring Warwick Castle.
But if you look closer, this place has much to offer: it is the only town to have had three cathedrals in the last millennium, the first of which was one of the most magnificent in England, and the residence of the medieval nudist Lady Godiva.
The name “City of Culture” contributes to the fact that starting in May, a program of events (according to Covid guidelines) will be offered, covering everything from visual arts and theater to music and dance.
Read on to find out what there is to do in Coventry.
Let art inspire you
This year’s Turner Prize will be held at the Herbert Art Gallery and Museum in Coventry – the first time the prize has been awarded in the West Midlands.
The show of nominees runs from September 29 to January 12, and the winner will be announced on December 1. This year, actor Russell Tovey is on the judging panel.
The prestigious Turner Awards take place at the state-of-the-art Herbert Gallery (Photo: Alamy Stock Photo).
And starting in October, the third edition of the Coventry Biennial will take place, with a four-month program focused on visual arts and culture.
This year’s edition is called Hyper-Possible and includes a survey of local art and language from the 1960s and 1970s, as well as work from the now incredibly cool BLK Art Group from the 1980s.
Celebrating peace and harmony
Last November marked the 80th anniversary of the destruction of Coventry Cathedral.
The town was one of the hardest hit during the Blitz and the cathedral was the only one in England to be destroyed during the war. The remains of this 14th-century building served as the dramatic backdrop for the 2009 Christmas movie.
The ruins of Coventry Cathedral are an impressive and moving reminder of the Blitz (Photo: Shutterstock / Leukos Photography).
Next to the ruin stands the striking – and controversial for its modernist design – replacement building, completed in 1962 by Sir Basil Spence and worth seeing for its abstract stained glass windows and collection of tapestries.
More : Travel
The city is an international city of peace and reconciliation, and some spaces in the Herbert Art Gallery and Herbert Museum, including the Peace and Reconciliation Gallery, are being renovated to celebrate the city of culture.
The CLC Festival coincides with International Youth Day on August 12 and gives youth from across the city the opportunity to creatively tell their stories around the themes of community, unity and society.
Check out the calendar of exciting events for local hero Terry Hall in July (Photo: Venla Schalin/Redferns).
This is an innovative three-day event where local rapper Jay1 will collaborate to produce live music. In July, another Coventry musician, Terry Hall (lead singer of The Specials and Fun Boy Three), will host a program of concerts and intimate events that reflect Coventry’s rich musical history – the city has produced everyone from 1980s indie band The Primitives to producer Pete Waterman of Stock, Aitken & Waterman.
Stay in a unique hotel
It’s always a good sign when a city welcomes its first boutique hotel. The Telegraph Hotel Coventry, scheduled to open in late fall, is particularly exciting because it revitalizes a building that has housed the city’s newspaper for more than 50 years.
Read all about this luxury hotel (Photo: Nick Smith)
Expect 1950s glamour in the restaurant, bar and lounge, a seasonal rooftop bar with industrial flair, and even the Lord Iliffe Suite, a reinterpretation of the original owner’s private residence.
For more information, visit coventry2021.co.uk.
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latest news in coventry city of culture,chenine bhathena,coventry city of culture funding,city of culture southampton,coventry moves,city of culture liverpool,coventry university united kingdom,coventry city tourism,visitcoventryandwarwickshire,coventry tours,coventry websites,what is coventry university known for | <urn:uuid:702608a5-1bd8-4f1f-9264-c3b121401ec2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://metrotimesatlanta.com/crowned-the-uks-city-of-culture-2021-coventry-is-worth-a-visit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.938763 | 1,112 | 1.921875 | 2 |
We believe that the grand challenges of our times can only be adequately addressed if all stakeholders work aligned and with a common goal. Public Private Partnerships (PPP) are one way to accomplish this collaboration in an effective way. ESM is coordinating projects build on public private partnerships (PPP).
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Advance the technical and economical potential of a circular economy for batteries.
Training professionals in identifying and mitigating industry supply risks. | <urn:uuid:61632cf8-cbdd-4ee4-bc39-766bfaca0de6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.esmfoundation.org/networks/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.879226 | 156 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The paramilitary Ulster Volunteer Force has declared that it is renouncing violence and will cease to exist as a terrorist organisation from midnight.
The UVF declared a ceasefire 13 years ago
It also said it will keep its weapons, but has put them "beyond reach".
However, the arms decommissioning body has said this did not meet the requirements set out in government legislation.
During the Troubles in Northern Ireland, the loyalist UVF murdered more than 500 people.
Its campaign also claimed the lives of 33 people in bomb attacks in Dublin and Monaghan in 1974.
The UVF statement said its weapons would be stored in a number of arms dumps "under the control of the UVF leadership, but not accessible for use by members".
The statement was read by Gusty Spence, who helped found the modern day UVF in 1966.
It declared a ceasefire 13 years ago, but since then its members have been blamed for more than 20 murders.
Speaking in Fernhill House in west Belfast on Thursday, Gusty Spence said that from midnight, the UVF and its associated group, the Red Hand Commando, "will assume a non-military, civilianised role".
As part of this move, he said the organisation had implemented a number of measures to deal with what it called the "transformation from a military to a civilian organisation".
These include an end to all recruitment, training and targeting, and all so-called "active service units" have been de-activated.
On the issue of weapons, the statement said these had been put beyond reach and that the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning led by General John de Chastelain had been informed.
However, it did not elaborate on what this means, or whether the general will be allowed to verify its claim.
The Progressive Unionist Party's Billy Hutchinson said: "People should be seeing this (statement) as a positive thing rather than a negative thing."
The statement also condemned any criminal activity by its members, and said they should "cooperate fully with the lawful authorities in all possible instances".
The UVF has accepted that "the IRA's war is over" and said it was making this move now because it was satisfied that Northern Ireland's place within the United Kingdom was now safe.
The statement said: "We have taken the above measures in an earnest attempt to augment the return of accountable democracy to the people of Northern Ireland and as such, to engender confidence that the constitutional question has now been firmly settled."
There was also a call to the government to tackle the threat from republican dissidents, and a warning that these activities could "provoke another generation of loyalists toward armed resistance".
Gusty Spence helped found the modern day UVF in 1966
However, the Independent International Commission on Decommissioning urged the UVF to work with it to destroy its weaponry.
It said it welcomed the statement, but was "concerned by their intention to deal with their arms without the involvement of the IICD".
Northern Ireland Secretary Peter Hain welcomed the move as "a further welcome confirmation that Northern Ireland is emerging into a new and positive era".
Irish Prime Minister Bertie Ahern said the UVF should work with
the decommissioning body "with a view to full decommissioning".
Sinn Fein's John O'Dowd said: "This is a welcome statement if it signals a recognition of the new political reality where there is no room for armed or violent actions."
The DUP's Peter Robinson said: "The decision that the UVF is moving to a civilian mode is undoubtedly a major development and it is critical that all paramilitary groups follow this clear path."
The SDLP's Patsy McGlone said there was "a yawning credibility gap for the UVF on the issue of targeting and intelligence-gathering".
The Ulster Unionist Party's Fred Cobain said: "We hope it signals the destruction of materials of war so that they cannot again be used to inflict harm."
The PSNI said: "Whilst we welcome today's announcement, individuals and organisations will be judged by their actions - actions always speak louder than words." | <urn:uuid:1021654f-58de-4d84-b3a5-49822650454e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/northern_ireland/6618371.stm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00473-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966699 | 863 | 1.742188 | 2 |
An EMG-based approach for on-line predicted torque control in robotic-assisted rehabilitation
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- 27 November 2019
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This paper proposes a sEMG-based method for on-line torque prediction and control of robot joints. More in detail, the Mean Absolute Value (MAV) features extracted from the sEMG signals acquired from five muscles of the shoulder and of the elbow are used as input to two trained time delayed neural networks (TDNNs) to estimate the joint torque of an active exoskeleton robot for movements executed in the sagittal plane. The sEMG-driven TDNNs, trained with a dataset composed by shoulder and elbow joint torque values registered in isometric conditions, allow to on-line control the exoskeleton joints for slow movements of the upper limbs. Finally, the method was tested and validated through experiments conducted on a healthy subject. © 2014 IEEE. | <urn:uuid:994b1d75-7c86-41f2-a127-ec96d9e83294> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://humanrobotinteraction.santannapisa.it/journal_article/an-emg-based-approach-for-on-line-predicted-torque-control-in-robotic-assisted-rehabilitation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.924091 | 191 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Ancestry.com has added the Canadian Border Crossing (1895 to 1956) to its already huge immigration collection at Canadian Border Crossings, 1895-1956
PROVO, Utah, March 28 /PRNewswire/ -- Ancestry.com, the world's largest online resource for family history, today announced the addition of the first and only online collection of more than 4 million names of individuals who crossed the U.S.-Canadian border between 1895 and 1956.
This is an important but often overlooked immigration route since passage was generally cheaper to travel to the U. S. via Canada. It was also an easier way to gain access to the U.S. so some passengers arrived in Canada with the intention of heading straight to the United States.
These new records at Ancestry.com include both immigrants who first sailed to or settled in Canada before continuing to the U.S. as well as U.S. and Canadian citizens (after 1906 only) crossing the border.
The records include more than 100 ports of entry including Niagara Falls, Buffalo, Detroit, Montreal, Vancouver and Toronto.
Some of my Irish ancestors immigrated to the United States via Canada. They lived in Canada for 10 years before entering the U.S. in 1840, well before records were kept for Canada/U.S crossings. But my ancestors chose Canada for the same two reasons people did much later. First, the fare was cheaper and second, as Irish citizens traveling to Canada in the 1830s, they would still be under the UK.
More passenger lists can be found at Passenger Lists to USA including the Great Lakes Crossings from Canada to the US. | <urn:uuid:6768faef-8947-48b9-9b89-5ff5be306949> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ancestorsearch.blogspot.com/2007/03/ancestrycom-canadian-border-crossings.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00200-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.97162 | 337 | 2.34375 | 2 |
Filed under: Environment, Humor, Junk Science, National Security | Tags: CBS, Hank Johnson, McDonalds, Michael Bloomberg, Obesity, Population
This may be closely related to the previous post about managing information. You should probably file this is the circular file. From CBS:
“A recent study conducted by scientists in London found that the obese persons of the world are paying an increasingly large role in the rate at which the planet’s finite resources are used.” Um, climate scientists? Geologists? Agronomists? Diet doctors? Who knows. What kind of study? “Research was conducted.” Not promising.
Increasing population fatness could have the same implications for world food energy demands as an extra half a billion people living on the earth,” the study concluded.
Research was conducted based on the theory that the body mass of a population should be factored into the amount of energy it burns, in addition to the number of people residing in a certain region.
Though obesity touches all corners of the Earth, it was found that Americans were especially weighing down the planet. …
“Although the concept of biomass is rarely applied to the human species, the ecological implications of increasing body mass are significant and ought to be taken into account when evaluating future trends and planning for future resource challenges,” the study found. ”Tackling population fatness may be critical to world food security and ecological sustainability.”
I think this probably goes in the same file as the report of Congressman Hank Johnson (D-GA) who was concerned about increasing population on one side of an island presenting the danger that it might tip over and capsize.
Malthus lives! Too many fat people may deplete the food resources of the planet. Mass starvation. Must control population. Eliminate fat people. Force all McDonalds’ out of business. Mayor Bloomberg can be in charge.
Filed under: Education, Freedom, Intelligence, News | Tags: History of Information Transmission, Internet Technology, The Information Age
This has been called “the Information Age,” but that is a misnomer. Think of it this way. Prior to Gutenberg, who came up with the printing press in around 1440, information came in the form of what people said to each other and in material written by scribes. Books written by scribes were not available to ordinary people, who couldn’t read anyway. I suspect our imaginings of their conversations are completely false.
Skimming through centuries you get more efficient presses, eventually powered presses; and books, newspapers and pamphlets becoming more common. Somewhere in there was a town crier. Printed materials had to be carried from one town to another by horseback or wagon. Information was s-l-o-w. Signal flags, mirrors, telegraph, telephone and radio, and of course improved means of transportation — fast clipper ships, and then steam, and railroads. It meant a faster flow of information and more information in the flow.
Think of the subtle changes with the first intercontinental radio transmission, and the Atlantic cable. Our knowledge of Europe, once dependent on the length of time it took a ship to cross the Atlantic suddenly became instantaneous. No wonder Lindberg’s flight was such a big deal. That happened within living memory, in 1927.
Add TV, computers, and cell phones — all going worldwide. We have learned how to use the new inventions as they come along, but our ability to manage the flow of words, pictures, graphs, studies has not even begun to keep up with the technology.
I’m not sure that what we are taught has changed all that much from what we might have learned in 1930. There are changes. The schools no longer think basic math is so important because kids will always have a calculator available, and cursive writing is no longer necessary because all you need is to learn keyboarding. Our young people will be in big trouble if there is an EMP-burst.
But that’s not really what I’m talking about. I’m talking about training in managing the flow. How do you categorize, decide what is important, learn what is true and how to discard the false and silly? Where do you learn how to find accurate information?
Those we once regarded as authority figures have lost their claim to our attention. The media, in general, has abdicated their job as watchdog of the government. Their task has subtly shifted from reporting the news to one of changing the world in their preferred direction. They are partisan and willing to slant the news, cover-up, and report that which suits their prejudices. But this is true for teachers, professors, clergy, and politicians as well. Our schools are failing to turn out educated children, ditto our universities. Libraries are changing, not always for the better.
Internet use began in 1995 —only 17 years ago, and everything is changing at a speed unimaginable. Huge desktops to tablets to — implants? When radio first came upon the scene they thought it would be a great learning experience. News and symphonies; that’s what they thought television would be too — and that worked out well. So we don’t know where we’re going, but it would be nice if we were getting more intelligent because of it, and I’m not sure that’s the case. I’m not at all sure we’re not getting dumber. | <urn:uuid:cebca56d-82e4-40b5-be7e-7eb9a8c749a2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://americanelephant.wordpress.com/2012/06/22/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00148-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962133 | 1,140 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Great Basin Water Network
The Great Basin Water Network (GBWN) was formed to protect the water resources of the Great Basin for residents, animal and plants. The Network promotes effective water conservation programs including economic incentives for water smart-practices as opposed to multi-million dollar projects that would burden urban taxpayers while leaving rural communities in jeopardy. As more people populate the Great Basin, water providers are expanding use of ground and surface water resources. This has created a climate for water exploitation threatening the balance between the human and natural environment.
Over-appropriation of water resources will jeopardize the future of our Native and rural communities and force urban taxpayers to foot the bill for ill-conceived pipeline and surface water diversions. As well, such expanded water developments will cause permanent damage to fragile watersheds causing impacts on wildlife habitat and the Special Places of the Great Basin.
We work with a diverse coalition of interests who want to keep water local.
GBWN is grateful for the support and friendship of the Ely Shoshone, Confederated Tribes of the Goshute Reservation, Duckwater Shoshone, Nevada Rangelands Resources Commission, N-4 Grazing Board, White Pine County, the Central Nevada Regional Water Authority, the Nevada Farm Bureau, the Center for Biological Diversity, the Sierra Club, the National Parks Conservation Association, the Progressive Leadership Alliance of Nevada, the Community Foundation of Utah, Patagonia, Lush, Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment, One Percent for the Planet, League of Women Voters (Salt Lake), Amabile Designs, and so many others who have been there when we needed them most.
We need so stay informed. By joining the Great Basin Water Network you can stay abreast of western water issues and help us create an effective network of advocacy. | <urn:uuid:56ff8ddf-42d0-43c1-ba34-ccd1e11c1d48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://greatbasinwater.org/who-we-are/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.917582 | 366 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Rev. Alban Butler (171173). Volume IV: April. The Lives of the Saints. 1866.
St. Waltrude, Widow
[Or Vautrude, commonly called Vaudru.] SHE was daughter to the princess St. Bertille, elder sister to St. Aldegondes, and wife to Madelgaire, count of Hainault, and one of the principal lords of King Dagoberts court. After bearing him two sons and two daughters, she induced him to embrace the monastic state at Haumont, near Maubeuge, taking the name of Vincent. He is honoured in Flanders among the saints on the 20th of September, and called St. Vincent of Soignies. She remained two years longer in the world, devoting herself entirely to exercises of piety, under the direction of the holy abbot St. Guislain. Being by that time disengaged from the encumbrances of the world, she received the religious veil at the hands of St. Aubert, bishop of Cambray, in 656, and lived in a little cell, adjoining to which was a chapel in a solitary place called Castriloc, or Castle-place, now Mons.Many other ladies resorting to her, she formed a religious community, which is at present a rich royal chapter of canonesses. From her reputation and from this community arose the city of Mons, now the capital of Hainault. Whilst her sister Aldegondes governed her great monastery at Maubeuge, Vautrude sanctified herself in her little cell by holy poverty, meekness, patience, continual fasting and prayer. She suffered much from the slanders of men, and from severe interior trials and temptations: but God, after some years, recompensed her fidelity with a holy peace, and great spiritual consolations. On the 9th of April, 686, she went to receive the crown promised by God to those who serve him. Her relics are esteemed the most precious treasure of the great church which bears her name. She is titular patroness of Mons, and all Hainault. By the life of St. Vautrude, we should learn to despise the unjust censures of the world. It persecutes by its calumnies those by whose lives its false maxims are condemned: but it can only hurt a counterfeit virtue, as the fire consumes only the dross, but renders true gold brighter and more pure. Solid virtue is not only tried by humiliations, but gains the greatest advantage and improvement by making a good use of them. See her ancient life in Mabill. Sæc. 2. Bened. also Miræus. | <urn:uuid:e1052b92-797b-4b6e-972d-bfd4e4cfc882> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bartleby.com/210/4/095.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00164-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961956 | 561 | 2.234375 | 2 |
District of Columbia
A city anchored by iconic monuments
It’s hard not to recognize the majestic monuments and fantastic structures that make up the nation’s capital, Washington, D.C., which is bordered by Maryland and Virginia.
What makes D.C.’s skyline so incredible is the fabulous mix of modern, historic and even Gothic revival architecture. The iconic National Monuments, like the Lincoln Memorial, the World War II Memorial and the Washington Monument, celebrate and educate the world about the USA’s rich and storied past. All of these and more can be found on the National Mall, a large green space at the heart of the city. Another highlight is Rock Creek Park, a 1,100-plus hectare oasis in the center of the city where locals often bike, hike and picnic. The District shines in all four seasons, but spring is arguably one of the prettiest, with thousands of cherry blossoms blooming around the West Potomac Park’s Tidal Basin. | <urn:uuid:ceda44a3-c0f9-4178-a625-d69d6350925d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://outdoors.visittheusa.com/states/district-columbia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895073 | 211 | 2.265625 | 2 |
WARMER MIXTAPES #1037 | by Kristinia Jamie DeBarge [Kristinia DeBarge]
1. Mariah Carey | Hero
This song was one of the very first Mariah Carey songs I Ever Learned How To Sing, and I immediately related to it at 9 years of age. I was dreaming of already being a Singer and I had a lot more Faith this would happen after hearing this record. There is lots of Wisdom in this song and the Message, I felt, prepared me for my journey that I had already begun.
2. Led Zeppelin | When The Levee Breaks
I remember the first time I heard this record, at I think 16 or 17 years of age. I was so Electrified by the Beat and I Loved that he was talking about History after the American Civil War, many former slaves moved to the fertile land surrounding the Mississippi River to rebuild their lives as farmers. A lot of little shanty towns sprung up on the banks of the Mississippi, and it became necessary to build a levee to protect them. It was in these towns that Blues Music was born. In 1913 the river flooded and destroyed the levee and the shanty towns with it. Following the flood, most of the former inhabitants of these towns moved either North to Chicago (this is mentioned in the song) or South to New Orleans, which is why these cities later produced so many incredible Bluesmen who were an Inspiration to Led Zeppelin.
3. Radiohead | Bullet Proof.. I Wish I Was
Love this song! I have had so many good and bad times listening to this record, whether it has been with an old Lover or by myself in the bath. It reminds me of being in Love and feeling defeated and having my heart broken, but then still being vulnerable and wanting to be bulletproof. I actually wrote a song called Bulletproof that was inspired by this song. I still listen to it and feel all of those things.
4. Lana Del Rey | Young And Beautiful (The Great Gatsby Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)
This song also reminds me of being in Love and the happy moments I've had and how I want to hold onto them. One of my Instagram posts I quote this song with a picture of me in a red tinted filter capturing my Youth. I have always dreamt of living Young and Beautiful Forever... And when she says will you still love me when I'm no longer young and beautiful? I feel like if he does; that will Forever make her feel like she is Forever Young and Beautiful... Even if she has grown old. But that's just my thought.
5. Frank Sinatra | Luck Be A Lady (Robert Alda Cover)
I feel like this song is very Swanky. Frank's Voice is so Infectious and he speaks so much Truth about us Lovely Women -- how we have our Moments and Tantrums but have such Power over Men.
6. Nancy Wilson | Guess Who I Saw Today (June Carroll Cover)
She is such an Inspiration to me. She is such a Strong Woman filled with Passion and you can hear it in her Voice and delivery of this song. If you get a chance, take a listen -- it's Beautiful.
7. Katy Perry | Firework
Also another Inspirational song like Hero. It's an Uplifting Hit that makes you feel immediately good when you hear it. I wrote my song Flashbacks (on the Young & Restless album) inspired by this song.
8. Red Hot Chili Peppers | By The Way
I Love how the song starts off slower then speeds up in the middle and gets Fun and Dangerous. They're definitely one of my Favorite Bands of All Time.
9. Martin Garrix | Animals
I work out to this song almost everyday. It makes me wanna get Fit, have Fun, and Go Out and be Productive all at once! Haha. I am even more impressed that this was Produced by a 17 year old boy. Pretty Impressive!
10. Coldplay | The Scientist
I Love this song so much. It's an awesome song to Cover and it's about Love, which is my favorite! | <urn:uuid:00cf0ea3-1944-415f-84d2-bcc097d0444c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://warmer-climes.blogspot.com/2014/02/warmer-mixtapes-1037-by-kristinia-jamie.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974057 | 865 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Brighton, United Kingdom – 14 June 2018 – Destiny Pharma (AIM: DEST), a clinical stage biotechnology company focused on the development of novel anti-microbial drugs, which address the global problem of anti-microbial resistance (AMR), notes the FDA Commissioner, Scott Gottlieb M.D.’s further announcements this week outlining the regulator’s support of new incentives for companies developing novel anti-infectives through both financial reimbursement and further streamlined clinical trial requirements.
Neil Clark, Chief Executive Officer of Destiny Pharma commented:
“We welcome the FDA’s continued support for companies investing in the development of much needed novel anti-infectives to address the global issue of antimicrobial resistance. Destiny Pharma is well positioned to benefit from such initiatives as it continues the clinical development of its lead drug candidate, XF-73, for the prevention of post-surgical infections.”
The full FDA press release is below
June 12th 2018 Statement from FDA Commissioner Scott Gottlieb, M.D., on FDA’s efforts to foster discovery and development of new tools to fight antimicrobial-resistant infections
The increase in serious antimicrobial drug resistant infections is a critical public health concern and a growing threat to patients. According to our colleagues at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, each year in the U.S. at least 2 million people become infected with bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics and 23,000 people die each year as a direct result of these infections.
As more and more bacteria grow resistant to currently available antibiotics, we must tackle the issue on all fronts and seek new approaches to this persistent and potentially deadly problem. This means helping to ensure good antibiotic stewardship and use in appropriate clinical scenarios. It also means spurring the development of new antibiotics, for instance, by pursuing novel incentive models for developers that take into consideration the challenging economic and usage dynamics of these products.
Despite the growing incidence of these resistant strains of bacteria, there has unfortunately been an overall decline in antibiotic drug research driven largely by the significant obstacles to developing innovations in this category. This is especially true when it comes to developing new antibiotics that work through novel mechanisms that can evade existing patterns of resistance.
Consider patients who are hospitalized with life-threatening infections and need immediate treatment, but the severity and symptoms of the acute illness, such as delirium, may make obtaining informed consent from patients and performing other trial enrollment procedures difficult. This is just one example of the many challenges to conducting effective clinical trials in patients with serious bacterial diseases.
Complicating matters further, many patients with serious infections may have already tried several currently available antibiotics before a clinical trial is considered. If patients have already received substantial treatment for their infection before enrolling in a clinical trial, this exposure to other treatments can make it more difficult to isolate the effects of an investigational drug.
These are some of the scientific challenges. But there are also economic impediments.
Developing new drugs is a costly endeavor. But the current reimbursement model, where drugs are reimbursed based on each episode of their use, presents incentives that run contrary to effective stewardship over new antibiotics that might be highly effective against very rare and dangerous pathogens. When such drugs become available, we try to use them sparingly, lest pathogens become over-exposed to a new mechanism of attack and develop resistance to it. So, providers have imposed understandable restrictions on the use of such drugs. While this represents responsible stewardship, it also means that a novel antibiotic may have a very limited market. If product developers know that they will not be able to recoup their investments, there may be reduced incentive to invest the significant money needed to discover and develop such a drug.
The global effort to educate patients and providers about the importance of reducing the unnecessary and over-use of antibiotics is a crucially important means to slowing the rate of resistance. However, we must acknowledge that these essential antimicrobial stewardship programs do have an impact – as they should and aim to do – on the use of antibiotics and thus the amount of product sold. And as consequence, we must find ways to spur development and incentivize innovators. The FDA and other federal agencies are taking new steps to address each of these challenges, including new efforts to address the need for better economic incentives.
One of those steps is implementing the set of special incentives that Congress created for antibacterial and antifungal drugs that treat serious or life-threatening infections. This includes the qualified infectious disease product (QIDP) designation. Under this program, new drug applications that are designated as QIDP can receive fast track designation, priority review designation and a possible five-year extension of any exclusivity that the application qualifies for upon approval.
Even with these incentives, we recognize that challenges remain. As such, we continue to work with Congress, our partners at other agencies and the scientific community to find additional ways to create incentives for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs and strengthen the research and development pipeline.
One idea that we’re currently discussing with other agencies such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) would involve changing the model for reimbursement of certain new, anti-microbial drugs that meet critical, public health needs – principally their ability to effectively target dangerous, multi-drug resistant infections.
Under such an approach, instead of paying for drugs that meet a narrow set of critical, public health criteria on a per use basis – for each prescription that’s written, as is done now – one might move instead to a licensing model. Under such a model, the acute care institutions that are most likely to prescribe these medicines would pay a fixed licensing fee for access to the drug, which would offer them the right to use a certain number of annual doses. This is similar to the way that software often gets reimbursed, where institutions pay a licensing fee for a fixed number of installations. We have been speaking with our counterparts at CMS as to whether such an approach is feasible, whether it can be formulated as a demonstration, and as a demonstration, whether it would have the intended public health benefits.
These concepts are still being developed and we look forward to greater public engagement around these ideas. Adapting this licensing payment model to drugs that target dangerous, antimicrobial resistant organisms can help achieve two important public heath goals. First, such a model would create a natural market for drugs that meet certain public health criteria, by providing a predictable return on investment and revenue stream through more foreseeable licensing fees. Second, it would put the institutions fully in charge of stewardship of these important medicines. Once they purchase the ability to access a drug, they would be stewards of its use up to a certain number of annual doses, which could be tied to the number of beds an institution has or its likelihood of encountering certain organisms.
This reimbursement model would address some of the investment challenges associated with the market for potent antimicrobials that target multidrug resistant organisms. These are drugs that we want to have available to us, but that we should keep in reserve and hope that we seldom have to use them. It is my belief that a licensing model might offer an effective “pull incentive” that attempts to create a predictable market for antimicrobial drugs that would meet a narrow set of critical, public health criteria.
We are currently discussing these ideas as part of the FDA’s broader policy work in this area. We plan to release more information soon. Such an approach potentially de-links the return on investment on an important antimicrobial drug from the volume of that drug that’s used. This would achieve an important public health purpose since these are drugs that we would want to hold in reserve.
We’re also taking other new steps to help advance development of improved antimicrobial drugs, through measures that make the development process more predictable and efficient.
Towards these ends, another new program is the Limited Population Pathway for Antibacterial and Antifungal Drugs, or LPAD pathway; established by Congress under the 21st Century Cures Act. The FDA believes this program will advance development and approval of antibacterial drugs to treat serious or life-threatening infections in limited populations of patients with unmet needs. Today FDA issued a draft guidance to assist in the development of drugs using this additional, important pathway.
This draft guidance, when finalized, will support drug development by describing the criteria, processes and other general considerations for drugs approved under the LPAD pathway. In reviewing an application submitted under the LPAD pathway, the FDA will consider the severity, rarity or prevalence of the infection that the drug is intended to treat. The agency will also consider the availability or lack of alternative treatment in the limited population.
The guidance will also assist companies in developing labeling, including prescribing information, patient labeling and carton/container labeling, to inform the medical community that the drug was approved under the LPAD pathway based on a benefit-risk assessment in a limited population.
We’ve already had meaningful, early interest by innovators in potentially developing drugs under this new pathway. We expect that development programs for drugs eligible for approval under the LPAD pathway will follow streamlined approaches to clinical development. This may involve smaller, shorter or fewer clinical trials. However, the LPAD pathway still requires these drug products meet the FDA’s approval standard for safety and effectiveness. Early and frequent communications between the FDA and drug companies interested in pursuing approval under the LPAD pathway for their products can help reduce overall product development times.
While we hope our work will help advance the development of new antibacterial and antifungal drugs, this isn’t a problem that can be addressed by our agency alone. We’re collaborating with agency partners, the broader scientific and policy community, and medical product sponsors to address scientific challenges. Bacteria will continue to evolve. They will continue to chip away at the usefulness of available treatments – including the medicines that we have relied on for years.
Many of the existing antibiotics are simply old. They were screened out of nature where they resided in soil for centuries, engaging in a natural battle with various bugs.
More judicious use of antibiotics in health care and agriculture settings can help slow the rate at which bacteria become resistant to antibiotics. But even with prudent use, we will need to continuously encourage the development of new therapeutic options to keep pace with these challenges. The steps we’re taking, including the issuance of today’s draft guidance on the LPAD pathway and the discussion of new incentive models with our partners at other agencies, are some of the additional steps we’re taking towards strengthening the fragile antibacterial drug pipeline, as part of the larger effort to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The FDA, an agency within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, protects the public health by assuring the safety, effectiveness, security of human and veterinary drugs, vaccines and other biological products for human use, and medical devices. The agency is also responsible for the safety and security of our nation’s food supply, cosmetics, dietary supplements, products that give off electronic radiation, and for regulating tobacco products. | <urn:uuid:7f18824f-f59d-4ace-9e60-d0c7b637a3e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.destinypharma.com/2018/06/14/destiny-pharma-notes-fda-statement-on-their-focus-to-enable-new-approaches-to-fight-amr/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.947435 | 2,278 | 1.859375 | 2 |
As organisations invest more in their IT infrastructure; various workstations, servers, software licenses, and data sets become increasingly difficult to track and manage. When that happens, businesses suffer from performance problems, increased risk of cyber threats, and inflated costs. As a result, it is advisable for companies to track what their computing environment and networks are comprised of if they want to get the most out of their technology investments.
This year, cloud services, artificial intelligence, remote access tools, as well as the proliferation of mobile devices bring a whole new level of complexity to the workplace. To avoid being caught in a tangled mess of IT assets; performing a digital inventory benefits your business in a number of ways.
Improved maintenance and administration
When your business is managing 10, 20, or even 200 computers, it’s easy to lose track of the hardware and software you manage. With a detailed inventory of technology — complete with software license information, patch dates, and hardware models — businesses can track when a particular device or application is due for maintenance or software update.
On top of that, inventory helps you identify mission-critical systems and applications; which is a vital element to your disaster recovery plan. Therefore, compiling a list early will help you streamline time-consuming IT procedures in the long run.
Zero duplicate purchases
IT procurement is a difficult process without an inventory list. If you don’t know how many workstations require a particular software license, you could end up purchasing extra copies you don’t need. But with an IT inventory, your company can better track hardware and software; who uses certain programs, and acquire the right amount of licenses.
Enhanced strategic technology planning
You need to know the ins and outs of your current infrastructure before embarking on any IT project. For example, if your company plans to migrate to Office 365; you need to make sure you have enough bandwidth and network capacity to support applications like Skype for Business and SharePoint.
Better risk management
If you’re not tracking IT equipment leases and licensing agreements closely, or if a server that hosts financial data lacks network security resources; your company will fail to meet data regulations like ISO security regulations.
IT asset management allows companies to better process, store, and protect sensitive data to better meet data protection requirements. In other words, keeping an inventory will help you monitor, identify and resolve infrastructure issues early; saving your company from the legal, reputational and financial repercussions of non-compliance.
How to take stock?
Of course, digital inventories won’t do you much good unless you know how to create one capable of mitigating all of the threats to your investments.
Completing an inventory of your technology is not a difficult process; but it does require considerable amounts of time to collect information about all the machines, programs, and IT components you use. Start by creating a simple table of the technologies you maintain, including:
- Computing devices – like tablets, desktops, laptops, smartphones, and servers
- Peripheral hardware – such as printers, copiers, fax machines, external hard drives, and VoIP devices
- Network devices – which cover routers and switches
- Security controls – think antivirus software, web and email gateway solutions, encryption systems, intrusion prevention systems, and firewalls
- Software – from cloud applications to operating systems to accounting programs
Once you’ve identified all the assets you own; document where they can be found, who has access to them, how critical they are to the business, and what sensitive data they store, if any.
For a more comprehensive list; include serial numbers, vendor information, software versions and hardware models to let staff know whom to contact for technical support or license renewals. Referencing end-of-life dates; warranty expiration dates, and the previous date of inspection also helps you determine when your systems need an upgrade.
Note that since you’re handling sensitive information about your IT infrastructure; inventories should be stored in a secure location or with a trusted managed services provider. Repeat this process at least twice a year; or when major structural changes occur to avoid unnecessary security and compliance risks.
Tracking your assets may seem like a relatively mundane task; but if performed correctly, it can make a world of difference to your organisation. In fact, we argue that every IT project you commit to from this point on must always begin with a thorough evaluation of your IT inventory.
Here at Empower IT, we keep track of and manage your IT assets. Why? So that when the time comes to migrate to the cloud; create a disaster recovery plan, install cyber security controls, or procure hardware and software, the entire process will be a breeze. Make sense of your infrastructure with an IT inventory — call us today. | <urn:uuid:b32510d8-b508-4169-9c79-8328dd38c572> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.empowerit.com.au/blog/it-planning/consulting/keeping-digital-inventory-business/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.91387 | 982 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Soda taxes spread after votes in four U.S. cities
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City buses travel down a city street in San Francisco, California, February 5, 2016. REUTERS/Mike Blake
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(Reuters) - Three California cities voted for a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages and another in Colorado was likely to follow suit, unofficial election results showed on Wednesday, as local governments' push to cut soda consumption to stem obesity gathered speed.
The votes on so-called soda taxes in San Francisco, Albany and Oakland in California and in Boulder, Colorado, came a month after the World Health Organization recommended governments impose such taxes to battle obesity, diabetes and other diet-related diseases.
Tax proponents have recorded a series of victories in the United States this year, after numerous failed attempts.
Opponents argue that the taxes hit lower-income populations hardest, and that it is unfair to single out soda in the battle to fight obesity and diabetes. They also question the effectiveness of such taxes.
Larry Tramutola, a California political strategist who organized the pro-tax campaigns in San Francisco and Oakland, said the victory was "huge," adding: "This is the start of a national movement."
Philadelphia earlier this year passed a levy on soft drinks, pitched as a way to fill a budget shortfall via a tactic that other politicians and advocates have also adopted.
"I'm sure that other cities and states will look at this and put tax measures before their legislatures," said Michael Jacobson, co-founder and president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest in Washington. "Legislators will say, 'We get a twofer: balance the budget and improve public health.'"
The next soda tax vote is set for Cook County, Illinois, on Thursday.
Coca-Cola Co., PepsiCo Inc. and other companies in the roughly $100 billion U.S. soft drink industry are fighting the taxes at a time when soda consumption is falling.
They point instead to their efforts to reformulate products and broaden the range of drinks they offer to address consumers' health concerns. More than one-third of U.S. adults are obese.
"Our energy remains squarely focused on reducing the sugar consumed from beverages," a spokeswoman for the American Beverage Association said in an emailed statement.
Shares in Pepsi and Coca Cola were both down nearly 2 percent, while Dr. Pepper Snapple Group was off 3.4 percent on Wednesday as the Dow Jones industrial average gained 0.9 percent.
Spending from both camps has soared this year as billionaire advocates for the tax, including former New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, joined the fray.
For soda companies, the effects of the taxes on volumes and profits may be muted. In Mexico, which introduced a tax in 2014, per capita consumption dropped after the tax was introduced. But the impact on companies like Pepsi was offset by population growth and strong demand of non-fizzy beverages.
"This is more of a headline risk than a fundamental risk. It doesn't have an enormous impact on the companies themselves, as long as the (size of) taxes are within the realm of reason," said Ali Dibadj, analyst with Sanford C. Bernstein in New York.
Long-term, the effects could be greater if the taxes are increased and if more jurisdictions introduce them.
In San Francisco, Oakland and Albany, the taxes will be a penny per ounce, the same as in neighboring Berkeley, where voters passed a levy in 2014. In Boulder, the vote was for a 2-cent-per-ounce tax.
The San Francisco measure passed 62 percent to 38 percent and the Albany measure passed 71 percent to 29 percent. The Oakland measure had 61 percent in favor and 39 percent opposed, and in Boulder the soda tax was passing 54 percent to 46 percent, with over three-quarters of the ballots counted.
(Reporting by Chris Prentice in New York and Lisa Baertelein in Los Angeles; Editing by Simon Webb and Dan Grebler)
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Dora B. Montefiore, New Age December 1903
Source: New Age, p. 827, 24 December 1903;
Transcribed: by Ted Crawford.
Some little time ago I called attention in one of my articles to the fact that, during a recent resurgence of clericalism in some of our Australian Colonies, some leading ecclesiastics, fired by the thought that women, their last hope, were now numbered amongst the voters, tried hard to regain their influence in the schools of the people, and to re-introduce denominational teaching. The artificial agitation reached such
a pitch that the matter was put to the referendum, and the clericals were ignominiously beaten; since which time peace on that particular subject has reigned in the land. Once again have our Australian sisters vindicated through their vote the opinion which advanced and developed women all over the world have formed of their own sex; namely, that if you educate and enfranchise women, and give them equality of opportunity with men, you will be making giant strides towards progress in its best and most evolutionary form. The recent Federal elections in Victoria have resulted in a majority for the Labour party in that Colony, and this success on the part of Labour is attributed largely to the women voters, who went to the poll on the Labour ticket regardless of other considerations. How long, I wonder, will it take to convince our Socialist bodies in this country that it would be for them a matter of expediency (not to say of justice) to turn their attention to the political enfranchisement of women instead of treating the question as one outside the dominion of practical politics? The recent action of Mrs. Pankhurst at I.L.P. meetings shows in what straits intelligent women who have given life work to the cause of progress, now find themselves, largely through the ill-concealed hostility of the men-comrades in their organisations, who cannot, or will not, recognise the woman’s point of view in every question of the day. As 1 have over and over again pointed out, every time that women’s hardly gained rights and privileges are filched away by this reactionary Government, democratic institutions as a whole suffer; and Socialists, who should be the first to agitate for the restoration of these rights, remain unmoved.
As women find more and more that they can obtain no genuine support from any of the existing political organisations (though these organisations are always willing to make use of women’s work, influence, and money for masculine propaganda), they are driven to organise by themselves and for themselves; and the Women’s Social and Political Union is one of the outcomes of this really unnatural state of things. It has been formed by women who are adherents of the Labour party, and one of their methods of work is to question Labour candidates as follows: – “Will you pledge yourself to endeavour, if elected to Parliament, to introduce a Bill giving the Parliamentary franchise to women, such Bill to be to the following effect: That for all purposes connected with, and having reference to the right to vote at Parliamentary elections, words in the Representation of the People Act importing the masculine gender shall include women.” A list of candidates and their replies will be published in due course. The Union has its centre at Manchester, and Mrs. Scott, of Woodbine, Fixton, is hon. secretary. The members have just published a leaflet to working-women, reminding them that this much discussed question of Free Trade and Protection is “primarily a worker’s question, and, since women form the worst paid section of labour, it is above all a woman’s question. ... Every crisis such as this is a new lesson as to your need of political power.” They further point out that the proposed Bill, “beginning that for all purposes connected a with, etc.,” should be the woman’s charter in her struggle for equal rights; and they call upon working-women to demand their rights, and uphold their charter! All women who feel keenly their unprotected position in the political arena, where men are grasping for the power to dictate the prices women shall pay in the future for food and necessaries of life, should join this Union, and strengthen the hands of those who are uniting to demand the sweeping away of sex injustice.
The National Council of the Women of New Zealand is the New Zealand Branch of the Women’s International Council, which is to hold its quinquennial meeting and Congress next year in Berlin. Mrs. Sievwright is President of the New Zealand Council, and at a recent meeting of the session at New Plymouth she delivered a masterly and statesmanlike speech on the position at the present day of women in that Colony. She reminded her audience of Frances Willard’s so oft repeated statement that a woman is a woman first, and only second and relatively either wife, mother, sister, or daughter; this, with the object of combatting the criticism of the editor of a New Zealand daily paper, who was vigorously opposing the proposed law for giving “economic independence to husband and wife.” That is to say that if women are to be forbidden by law to work at certain periods of their lives, they shall also be assured by law a certain share in their husband’s earnings. “If the gentlemen of the Press,” she remarked, “here in New Plymouth have any holes to pick in our proposals we shall be only too glad to discuss the matter with them, but, gentlemen, do let it be something original. We are as tired of all the patriarchal objections I have alluded to as Mr. Seddon must be of assuring people that ‘women did not want it.’ “ When speaking pregnant words on the question of national education, she called attention to “the unequal pay given to women teachers for the same, and sometimes for better work and longer hours than men ... there is no more cruel injustice,” she continued “in all New Zealand than this assessment of women’s work at a lower value than that of men.” Mrs. Sievwright’s words apply equally truthfully to the treatment of women’s work in England, which, as I have so often pointed out, is invariably underpaid when in, any way competing with men’s. Cruel injustice is not too severe an epithet for this traditional practice, which is too often the cause of women being ill-nourished and anaemic, because they cannot earn sufficient to keep themselves in health. “Sixteen nations,” Mrs. Sievwright concluded, “have federated in International Council to replace woman on her pedestal by the side of her mate, and to inaugurate the practical application of the golden rule to individual, social, commercial, national, and international dealings. New Zealand is asked to keep her link of the globe-encircling chain bright and strong and serviceable.” After reading Mrs. Sievwright’s address, and the papers read by her coadjutors, we need have no fear as to the bright and serviceable state of that particular link.
Dora B. Montefiore. | <urn:uuid:ffd0e99d-9b95-4d5f-8100-571083ca6807> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.marxists.org/archive/montefiore/1903/12/voters-australia.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.972338 | 1,504 | 1.96875 | 2 |
I’m a big fan of John Wilbanks’ work in the area of open personal health data and informed consent, and have blogged about that here before. Briefly, my awareness of John’s work began with “We Consent” which has now transformed into Sage’s “Participant Centered Consent Toolkit.”
Recently someone asked me a question about “online informed consent.” I think they were remembering my having mentioned John Wilkin’s stuff, a.k.a “portable legal consent” or “portable informed consent.” These and “online informed consent” are … related concepts, but perhaps not as closely related as some might think. Just to complicate matters, people are also using jargon like “dynamic consent” and “broad consent” to mean things related to both of these, but which are not quite the same. There are also people trying to get the phrase “informed consent” converted to “educated consent” as possibly being more meaningful. In this post, I will try to sort some of this out, but I’m no kind of expert in consent, and this is complicated, really REALLY complicated.
First, the short-short explanation. Portable informed consent (PIC) usually is part of online informed consent, but online informed consent (OIC) is rarely portable. Riiiight. OK, a step backwards.
The idea of portable informed consent is (in my mind, at least) analogous to Creative Commons licensing for your own creative works, except that it applies to your own health data. Actually, the idea of this really came from people wanting to share genomic data. You walk through an online informed consent process, agree to which version of a license you are comfortable with, and then when you share your data in a secure repository, that license or consent agreement is attached. People who want to use your data, must agree to follow those predetermined restrictions. Researchers who don’t agree, aren’t allowed to see your data, only data from other folk who agree to whatever guidelines they need for their project. Researchers who don’t follow the rules will be denied access to all of the data.
Genomics is basically mapping the genome. Personal genomics is doing this for a person in particular, rather than a species or condition or other collective group. Some people get involved in exploring personal genomics because of simple curiosity, but many are driven by long standing medical challenges without any easily identifiable solution. Some people are terrified at the idea of what they might find out. Others are concerned that the data will result in problems with jobs or insurance. Those urgently seeking help for health problems often want to share and find others who might have insights into their problem. OpenSNP and the Personal Genome Project are two examples of places where people share their genomic data. By making their data public and consenting to its use by researchers, they are hoping to support solutions not only for themselves but for others like them. Making sure that consent is LEGAL is essential for supporting future research. One great example of this is Jay Lake, who contributed his whole DNA sequencing data and that of his tumor, making possible research on new treatments that came too late for him. It’s a powerful story.
ONLINE INFORMED CONSENT
Online informed consent is a great deal simpler, in that it mostly takes the usual informed consent process (reading forms, signing forms, filing forms) and puts it all into an online web-based interface in a secure system. But, PIC gets more buzz in the popular press and media, while OIC gets more attention from within the hallways of day-to-day research communities. PIC grew out of work with personal genomics and is designed to make data sharing simpler, research more open, and problem solving more dynamic, all while still being responsive to issues of privacy and ethics. OIC is a tool designed to make the IRB management simpler for researchers.
Dynamic consent is closer to portable consent, but grew more out of tissue and biobanking contexts, rather than data or genomics. Dynamic consent has a lot of nitpicky little options, and allows you to change your mind over time. That’s why it’s dynamic — things keep changing. Right now, dynamic consent is used primarily for what happens to parts of your body that are removed from your body while you are alive, and used for various medical purposes. Sometimes those purposes involved throwing what wasn’t used in the nearest incinerator, but sometimes there is something interesting and the doctors or researchers want to keep a sample for future use.
Now, remember, I’m drastically oversimplifying here. There are many more situations and options that come into play. Healthcare researchers have come to realize that we often don’t know where the next interesting possibility will come from, which is part of why biobanking is becoming more important. A biobank is sort of a library of tissues (meaning parts of human or animals or plants). Biobanks are often focused on a certain type of tissue or condition. Many biobanks collect tissues for a particular kind of cancer, or conditions like Parkinson’s, Alzheimer, autism, etc. Others may focus on a particular organ, like brains, breast tissue, lungs, or genome. In book and journal libraries, the librarians have traditionally spent a lot of time trying to select just the most important material on their special topics, but over generations, we’ve found the most desired content is as often as not the parts that were considered cheap and unimportant at the time, which are now expensive and hard to find, because no one kept them. Some of the same issues are coming up with biobanking, but complicated by the challenge of each and every sample being unique (although there might be copies of cell lines). At least with books, if one library lost theirs, another library might have a copy. Part of the idea of all these different kinds of consent is to try to maximise the number and diversity of samples that can be preserved and made accessible to future researchers.
Presumed consent also related to tissues, actually organ donation, but after you are no longer alive or aware enough to give or change your consent. Where I live, you have to register as an organ donor. If you don’t, and are in a fatal accident, no one is allowed to use your organs as transplants to save the lives of other folk who need new organs to survive. That isn’t how it works in all countries, though. In some countries they have “presumed consent,” where the assumption is that organ donation is fine with you as long as you don’t say NO beforehand. So, opt-in vs. opt-out. That’s the main difference. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? But people have incredibly strong feelings about both of these options.
Broad consent is probably the messiest of all of these. Just look at these article titles!
You can just feel the tensions rising as you read through the list. It is obvious that this is not an area of consensus. And what can it possibly mean to consent mean when there isn’t an agreement about what consent is?
“Broad consents are not open nor are blanket consents. To give a broad consent means consenting to a framework for future research of certain types.” Steinsbekk KS, Myskja BK, Solberg B. Broad consent versus dynamic consent in biobank research: Is passive participation an ethical problem? European Journal of Human Genetics (2013) 21:897–902.
Broad consent attempts to make a best guess of what might be needed by the researcher of the future, and to try to get the individual to agree to a flexible use and reuse of tissues, samples, or data. As you can tell from the titles above, “broad consent” tends to refer to tissues rather than data, but when you get down to brass tacks, all of these could theoretically apply to a wide variety of donated content.
The idea behind all of these myriad forms of consent is knotted into the dynamic between the rights of the individual and the needs of the community. Without research, we stagnate and die, literally, since solutions cannot be discovered for the aches and pains and problems that lead to increased mortality and reduced longevity. As a community, as a species, we don’t make progress without sharing. At the same time, the goal is to reduce harm to individuals, and forcing people to ‘consent’ against their will causes harm. I’ve known people who practically had a nervous breakdown at the idea of becoming an organ donor, the idea of part of them living on in someone else distressed them that deeply. I know others who fear what could happen to them if their genetic data fell into the “wrong hands.” I’m not one of them. I’m a registered organ donor, and I donated my genomic data to OpenSNP. But I still respect the emotional pain that would be caused by forcing consent. It’s an ethical dilemma which our society is obviously still working to solve. While looking at background material for this post I stumbled across two phrases that seemed to express some of the challenges well: “From Informed Consent to No Consent?” “Open Consent for Closed Minds.”
“I’m proposing … that we reach into our bodies and we grab the genotype, and we reach into the medical system and we grab our records, and we use it to build something together.” “I hate [the] word ‘patient.’ I don’t like being patient when … health care is broken.” John Wilbanks | <urn:uuid:5510f0ed-d30e-4a54-8f13-dbb314c45cf5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://etechlib.wordpress.com/2015/02/06/informed-consent-in-a-new-era/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959878 | 2,057 | 2.234375 | 2 |
In 2016, the Nancy University Hospital has set-up a virtual clinic for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients. The main goal of this eHealth solution is to provide a communication channel between patients and the healthcare professionals and to decide on patient management changes. In 2018, the IBD unit decided to add the possibility to perform a fecal calprotectin test at home, using IBDoc®. In order to check the patient acceptance for such a tool, the hospital decided to organize a study designed to confirm the usability and usefulness of IBDoc® (1). 30 enrolled patients were asked to perform one home test and to fill out a questionnaire based on multiple-choice questions.
The IBDoc® home test was widely accepted by patients and identified as simple to use by most users (19/20). In addition, all patients except 1 reported that they would like to continue with IBDoc® in the future and that they recommend home testing to other patients. The study team noted an improvement of the patient management over their own disease with this tool. Indeed, they reported that 66% of enrolled patients successfully performed the home test whereas the adherence rate to an ELISA test is 35%. You can find the detailed results of this study in the quoted paper below.
In the past few years, eHealth has grown exponentially, and especially for chronic diseases remote monitoring leads this development. In the IBD field clinics are moving towards electronic Patient Reported Outcome (ePRO) to follow their patient wellbeing from afar. Fecal calprotectin testing at home is the perfect addition to PROs in order to make sure that the patients’ symptoms are not caused by an underlying inflammation. With the COVID-19 crisis, the need for remote monitoring tools has been highlighted to keep patients out of the hospital for as long as possible (2). Tools such as IBDoc® can help towards this goal as it can help predict an upcoming flare, therefore identifying patients that actually need to go to the hospital.
Before settling on IBDoc®, the study team reviewed the other home tests in the market. Based on the comparison study performed by Haisma et al., 2019 (3), they chose IBDoc® as it had shown the superiority of IBDoc® compared to other home testing tools. The study team conducted a method comparison between the 3 available tests, using 40 stool samples. Agreement to ELISA, usability and Reading Error Rate were the study outcomes, that highlighted the IBDoc® advantage versus the other tested tools.
Concordance to ELISA for the 3 home tests were 82%, 79% and 73%, respectively for IBDoc®, QuantOnCal® and CalproSmart®. Error rates were significantly higher for CalproSmart® and QuantOnCal® compared to IBDoc®, 5,8%, 4,8% and 1,9%, respectively. Very low error rates result in IBDoc® performing with the highest usability score compared to the 2 other home tests.
As highlighted in the D’Amico paper, even if the concordance to ELISA remains the most important factor to choose a test, the usability is very important, especially for the patients acceptance and ease of use. If the test is too difficult to use or suffers from technical problems or errors, patients are discouraged to engage and trust in home testing. It is therefore important that manufacturers also focus on the user-friendliness of their devices, and IBDoc® is in line with these expectations.
Fig.5: Reading error rate per home test for different smartphone types
- D’Amico et al., 2020; Setting up a Virtual Calprotectin Clinic in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Literature Review and Nancy Experience; Journal of Clinical Medicine; doi:10.3390/jcm9092697
- COVID-19 ECCO Taskforce, published March 20, 2020
- Haisma et al., 2019; Head-to-head comparison of three stool calprotectin tests for home use; PLOS ONE; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214751 | <urn:uuid:8a51df01-2d97-4c6d-b8da-27b31f350278> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://staging.buhlmannlabs.ch/the-role-of-ibdoc-in-virtual-clinics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.941265 | 847 | 1.71875 | 2 |
In previous sections we have seen that how we can use "Reflection" to get information related to any Method. Now in this section of the tutorial you will come to know that we can also call methods of a class with the help of "Reflection".
Since methods of a class either consists of arguments or do not have any argument. So in case of no-argument method noting to worry just simply get class of that object (as we have taken "String" in our example) and after getting class , get that particular method and to invoke this method we have to use invoke() method.
Here is the example code of CallingMethod :
Posted on: September 10, 2008 If you enjoyed this post then why not add us on Google+? Add us to your Circles | <urn:uuid:8684ef43-4f06-40b7-bb85-4506c4d9c1ca> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.roseindia.net/java/reflect/calling-method.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00037-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.893515 | 159 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Nearing 93, Robert Mugabe Shows No Sign Of Stepping Down
President Robert Mugabe turns 93 on Tuesday, making him the oldest president in Africa — and the world. He's the only leader most Zimbabweans have ever known, spending nearly 37 years at the helm since independence from Britain and the end of white minority rule in Rhodesia in April 1980.
Mugabe is blamed by his critics, including the United States, for mismanaging the economy and making a once-prosperous southern African country poor. But his supporters in and out of Zimbabwe see him as an African nationalist who championed the cause of the continent and helped fight apartheid in neighboring South Africa as one of the leaders of the frontline states.
The nonagenarian has been endorsed by his governing Zanu-PF party as its candidate for elections next year, when he'll be 94. Last Friday, his wife Grace, who's 51, told thousands of cheering supporters at a political rally in eastern Zimbabwe that even if her husband dies before the vote, he should still run and would win.
"If God decides to take him," the first lady said in the local Shona language, "then we would rather field him as a corpse."
Grace Mugabe also took a swipe at old-timers in the party who fought Zimbabwe's guerrilla war of independence, whom she accuses of trying to wrest power from her husband.
"Anyone who was with Mugabe in 1980 has no right to tell him he is old. If you want Mugabe to go, then you leave together," she said. "You also have to leave. Then we take over, because we were not there in 1980," she added, pointing to herself.
That has set tongues wagging again that Grace Mugabe is very much part of the succession battle raging within Zanu-PF — and that she's positioning herself politically within the party to try to take over from her husband.
That's highly unlikely, says political commentator Pedzisai Ruhanya of the Zimbabwe Democracy Institute. He tells NPR he believes the armed forces will decide who takes over from Mugabe, when the time comes. The military, which has its own wing of the party, will designate Mugabe's successor and is likely to choose a candidate with credentials from the liberation struggle, Ruhanya says.
"The president will not be removed from power by anybody," he says. "I think the president will die in office and when the president dies in office, the faction in [Zanu-PF] that has the control of the military will take over the affairs of the state."
Still, speculation about the succession is a burning issue in Zimbabwe. Mugabe, a political survivor who has always out-foxed any potential rivals, has accused fellow governing party members of plotting his ouster and told them at a December party congress to rein in what he called their "unbridled ambition."
He grumbled that "some are busy plotting succession in the party. They say: 'When will this old man die? He is refusing to die.' "
In excerpts of Mugabe's traditional annual birthday interview, published Sunday, Mugabe was quoted as saying he wasn't ready to step aside. He has declared in the past that he would like to live until he's 100 and rule for life.
He says he's not grooming anyone to replace him. "A successor is groomed by the people. The majority of the people feel that there is no replacement; a successor who to them is acceptable, as acceptable as I am," Mugabe is quoted as saying in the state-run Sunday Mail.
While Mugabe was on his annual extended holiday in December and January, a tussle ballooned on social media — an indication of the hype, buzz and concern surrounding the succession issue. Festive season photos circulating showed Vice President Emmerson Mnangagwa, an independence war veteran who served as acting president during Mugabe's absence, posing with a huge mug bearing the message, "I'm the boss."
Another minister, Jonathan Moyo, decried what he called a "power-grab narrative" by Mnangagwa and tweeted, "One Boss at a time, please."
Supa Mandiwanzira, a government minister, Zanu-PF central committee member and Mugabe supporter, says the president is their leader — and that's that.
"We have no problem with him. President Mugabe says, 'I'm still here, so my position is not up for grabs. I've a mandate, allow me to serve my term, if you're also interested — number one. Number two — don't jostle for power,' " Mandiwanzira says. "We have more important things to do, to address the concerns of the people, to deliver on the expectations of voters. Those are things we should focus on: addressing our economic challenges."
But Ruhanya, the political analyst, emphasizes that Mugabe is an aging president with health problems and Zimbabweans can't help but ponder a future without him.
"Given the president's age, any reasonable person would see that, at 92, turning 93, the future of the president is in the cemetery. So it is at that age, and his loss of grip — not by anyone's willing, but by the will of God — a time when they fizzle out, when they naturally can leave this world."
Others believe Mugabe's wife's assessment might be closer to the mark. The first lady has said that if necessary, "I will push President Mugabe in a wheelbarrow or a wheelchair to bring him to work."
Even as he grapples with the factions within his party, Mugabe has many other problems. For years, Zimbabwe has been an international pariah because of his human rights record and allegations of state-sponsored violence against his opponents. The U.S. and other powers slapped targeted sanctions on Mugabe and his inner circle, sanctions the Zimbabwean government repeatedly blames for the terrible state of the economy.
Pro-democracy campaigners took to the streets last year, inspired by an anti-Mugabe hashtag campaign called #ThisFlag and demanding "Mugabe must go." Among his failures, said the demonstrators, were his mishandling of the economy, a dire shortage of U.S. dollars, the main currency used in Zimbabwe, and the $800,000 reportedly spent on his lavish 92nd birthday celebrations, when giant cakes were served in a drought-stricken area suffering food shortages.
A year on, Mugabe supporters are poised to celebrate his 93rd birthday with another official party planned for thousands of people on Saturday in Matabeleland in the south.
Matabeleland was the scene of the 1983 Gukurahundi massacres of the Ndebele people, shortly after independence, when Mugabe's North Korean-trained troops cracked down on alleged dissidence from a minority tribe. An estimated 20,000 people were killed or starved to death in the campaign.
Mugabe is still haunted by the Gukurahundi legacy, an economy in free-fall and his controversial land reform policy that led to often-violent invasions of mostly commercial white-owned farms and saw white farmers and many black farm workers driven off their land. The economy collapsed and Zimbabwe, once the breadbasket of southern Africa, had to import food.
Critics say Mugabe's plan to deliver land and farms to black people fell far short of expectations and only members of Zimbabwe's elite have truly benefited.
But Mandiwanzira, the Zanu-PF central committee member and government minister, says Mugabe's long-term legacy belies the common narrative.
"People are aware of the big prize that we have gotten from President Mugabe and the Zanu-PF leadership, which is independence, economic empowerment, independence of the brain — liberate yourselves mentally — and the right to own your own resources in your own country," Mandiwanzira tells NPR. "All these benefits cannot be wiped away because there's no cooking oil in the home at the moment. No, I think Zimbabweans are smarter than that, to know these things."
Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/. | <urn:uuid:aa0f6113-5828-4553-83a3-d8e7e1c42fc1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.kpbs.org/news/2017/02/20/nearing-93-robert-mugabe-shows-no-sign-of | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.977161 | 1,706 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Getting lost in strange towns and cities or trying to find the right way to a particular destination is no longer a problem due to new navigation software that provides on the move information for drivers and pedestrians within seconds.
Developed with the help of almost £1.3 million from the Information Society Technology (IST) Programme of the European Union’s Framework Programme, PEPTRAN gives drivers and mobile users information on the best possible routes within seconds, using their smartphones or a navigation system installed in their cars.
"This will provide major benefits - particularly for tourists, professional drivers and possibly for car-sharing and rental services that are looking to improve their services for clients", says project Manager Rory Doyle from UK partner British Maritime Technology. "Users simply enter basic information about their journey and our innovative route navigation software tells them the easiest way to get there either by car, public transport or on foot - or by using a combination of them."
Stanford researchers create new special-purpose computer that may someday save us billions
21.10.2016 | Stanford University
New 3-D wiring technique brings scalable quantum computers closer to reality
19.10.2016 | University of Waterloo
Researchers from the Institute for Quantum Computing (IQC) at the University of Waterloo led the development of a new extensible wiring technique capable of controlling superconducting quantum bits, representing a significant step towards to the realization of a scalable quantum computer.
"The quantum socket is a wiring method that uses three-dimensional wires based on spring-loaded pins to address individual qubits," said Jeremy Béjanin, a PhD...
In a paper in Scientific Reports, a research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute describes a novel light-activated phenomenon that could become the basis for applications as diverse as microscopic robotic grippers and more efficient solar cells.
A research team at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) has developed a revolutionary, light-activated semiconductor nanocomposite material that can be used...
By forcefully embedding two silicon atoms in a diamond matrix, Sandia researchers have demonstrated for the first time on a single chip all the components needed to create a quantum bridge to link quantum computers together.
"People have already built small quantum computers," says Sandia researcher Ryan Camacho. "Maybe the first useful one won't be a single giant quantum computer...
COMPAMED has become the leading international marketplace for suppliers of medical manufacturing. The trade fair, which takes place every November and is co-located to MEDICA in Dusseldorf, has been steadily growing over the past years and shows that medical technology remains a rapidly growing market.
In 2016, the joint pavilion by the IVAM Microtechnology Network, the Product Market “High-tech for Medical Devices”, will be located in Hall 8a again and will...
'Ferroelectric' materials can switch between different states of electrical polarization in response to an external electric field. This flexibility means they show promise for many applications, for example in electronic devices and computer memory. Current ferroelectric materials are highly valued for their thermal and chemical stability and rapid electro-mechanical responses, but creating a material that is scalable down to the tiny sizes needed for technologies like silicon-based semiconductors (Si-based CMOS) has proven challenging.
Now, Hiroshi Funakubo and co-workers at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, in collaboration with researchers across Japan, have conducted experiments to...
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21.10.2016 | Materials Sciences | <urn:uuid:c31746c4-d1e6-4319-a736-107c1a3ec433> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/information-technology/report-31329.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719215.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00199-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.910298 | 764 | 2.65625 | 3 |
If you are an avid stock investor, do not just blame your destiny if you missed out on making a fortune in the share market as betting decisions and strategy are determined, in part, by your genes, a new research shows.
According to researchers from University of California, Berkeley, and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC), betting decisions are influenced by the specific variants of dopamine-regulating genes in a person’s brain.
Dopamine is a neurotransmitter – a chemical released by brain cells to signal other brain cells – that is a key part of the brain’s reward and pleasure-seeking system.
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“The study shows that genes influence complex social behaviour, in this case strategic behaviour,” said study leader Ming Hsu, assistant professor of marketing at UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business.
When people engage in competitive social interactions, they primarily call upon two areas of the brain.
These are the medial prefrontal cortex – executive part of the brain – and the striatum that deals with motivation and is crucial for learning to acquire rewards.
There are areas that take inputs, crank them through an algorithm, and translate them into behavioural outputs.
“What is really interesting about these areas is that both are innervated by neurons that use dopamine,” Hsu noted.
Using a mathematical model of brain function during competitive social interactions, Hsu and his team found that differences in belief learning was associated with variation in three genes which primarily affect dopamine functioning in the medial pre-frontal cortex.
In contrast, differences in trial-and-error reinforcement learning — how quickly people forget past experiences and how quickly they change strategy — was associated with variation in two genes that primarily affect striatal dopamine.
The findings were published online in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. | <urn:uuid:bdc3ab84-2f85-4a37-b64f-fdf3bbd773cb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://indianexpress.com/article/lifestyle/life-style/genes-affect-betting-decisions-too/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00261-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.898121 | 646 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Business, Legal & Accounting Glossary
An automatic reinvestment plan is an arrangement whereby a mutual fund automatically reinvests any gains back into the fund. Most investors look upon mutual funds as a long-term investment and an automatic reinvestment plan is a simple way of keeping profits constantly working in the fund. An automatic reinvestment plan makes reinvesting capital gains and dividends simple and automatic and many investors would rather use an automatic reinvestment plan for gains and dividends rather than take profits out of a fund. The simplicity and automatic nature of an automatic reinvestment plan makes them perfect for many investors. While most funds allow investors to opt-out of the automatic reinvestment plan, an automatic reinvestment plan purchasing additional shares in a fund can provide significant growth to an investor’s stake in a mutual fund.
To help you cite our definitions in your bibliography, here is the proper citation layout for the three major formatting styles, with all of the relevant information filled in.
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Alli, the over-the-counter formula of the weight-loss drug orlistat, has not been taken off the market, as of 2015. Alli has been available for purchase in the United States since June 2007. Alli is also sold in the United Kingdom.Continue Reading
Alli, marketed by GlaxoSmithKline, contains 60 milligrams of orlistat, half of the amount in the prescription formula of the drug, which the drug company Roche markets as Xenical.
Orlistat, when paired with a reduced-calorie diet, promotes weight loss by inhibiting fat absorption in the intestines, further reducing overall caloric intake. Orlistat interacts with a number of other medications and should be taken under the direction of a doctor. Common side effects of orlistat include diarrhea, nausea and vomiting.Learn more about Nutrition & Diets | <urn:uuid:b63d14f2-6640-4e3f-b7d0-c9f9390df476> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/health/alli-taken-off-market-ecedd9989b23262c | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941737 | 180 | 1.617188 | 2 |
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Linear granuloma annulare localized to the finger
2 Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
354 Beima Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin 300120
|How to cite this article:
Gu A, Liang J, Zhang L, Xiao Y. Linear granuloma annulare localized to the finger. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2020;86:314-316
Granuloma annulare is a noninfectious granulomatous skin disease and presents with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. However, cases of linear pattern, especially with finger involvement, are very rare., Herein, we report an unusual case of this disease with a solitary, linear plaque confined to the lateral aspect of the right index finger without classical lesions elsewhere.
A 23-year-old woman presented with an isolated linear plaque on her right index finger for 10 years. The lesion was preceded by an insect bite which led to a local nonpurulent inflammatory reaction and erythema. Subsequently, a plaque developed at the site and slowly extended in a linear fashion. Cutaneous examination revealed a flesh-colored, linear plaque along the lateral aspect of the right index finger and proximal to the tip of this finger unassociated with any itch or pain. The lesion was a shiny infiltrated plaque of a size of about 8 sq cm with central focal atrophy [Figure - 1]. No similar lesions were found on any other part of the patient's body. Laboratory tests were not remarkable and included a negative human immunodeficiency virus test and negative T-SPOT.TB assay. Furthermore, X-ray examination of the index finger ruled out any osseous involvement.
|Figure 1: A flesh-colored, linear plaque along the lateral aspect of the right index finger and proximal to the tip of this finger|
Histopathology from a skin excision biopsy showed palisading granuloma surrounding a central core of necrobiotic collagen and mucin in the upper dermis [Figure - 2]a. There were a few multinucleated histiocytes and numerous lymphocytes. In addition, dermal mucin deposition was confirmed with Alcian blue staining [Figure - 2]b.
The condition was diagnosed as linear granuloma annulare and was treated with betamethasone injection (1 mL), given intralesionally once every 2 weeks for three times, combined with triamcinolone acetonide (0.2%) and neomycin (5000μ/g) paste application once a day for 1 week and repeated every other week for 1.5 months. Follow-up of the patient after 8 months so far revealed satisfactory healing of the lesion with no evidence of recurrence or appearance of any new lesions.
Granuloma annulare is a benign granulomatous disease and can present anywhere on the body. Two-thirds of the patients with this disease are less than 30 years of age and the female-to-male ratio is approximately 2:1. Its primary manifestation is skin-colored or violaceous firm papules in an annular configuration on the upper extremities. In addition to the classical type, other clinical variants include generalized, perforating and subcutaneous as well as three uncommon subtypes: patch, papular and linear or segmental. Despite being a benign disease, it can be associated with more serious conditions such as HIV, solid organ tumors, Hodgkin disease, non-Hodgkin lymphoma and granulomatous mycosis fungoides. In these patients, the clinical manifestation is frequently atypical with painful lesions at unusual locations, including the palms and soles. However, our patient did not suffer any of these mentioned diseases.
A literature search revealed only four reported linear or Blaschkoid distribution cases [Table - 1].,,, In all these cases, papules or nodules in linear distribution represented the primary lesions with or without classical annular-nodular formation elsewhere. Morice-Picard et al. figured that the Blaschkolinear pattern, which usually corresponds to mostly epidermal defects in monogenic disorders, suggested in their case an autosomal dominant model with a mutation in a gene directly influencing skin homeostasis. Our observations emphasized the hypothesis that stimuli under certain conditions can lead to a linear distribution of common inflammatory dermatosis. Interestingly, our patient developed the skin lesion after an insect bite which might be the trigger to the onset of primary degeneration of the connective tissue at the site of injury.
McDow and Fields in 1987 reported the first case of linear granuloma annulare of the finger. We believe that our case was the second one confined to a similar location. It might be misdiagnosed as other clinical conditions, including discoid lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis verrucosa cutis and cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia which could be ruled out on histopathologic findings and/or laboratory tests.
Granuloma annulare may be a self-limited disease. In our case, the patient suffered from the disease for more than 10 years and showed no sign of spontaneous resolution. Hence, we provided both intralesional as well as topical steroid treatment which were successful in clearing the lesion. Post-treatment follow-up is important because of the tendency of the lesion to recur.
Declaration of patient consent
The authors certify that they have obtained all appropriate patient consent forms. In the form, the patient has given her consent for her images and other clinical information to be reported in the journal. The patient understands that name and initials will not be published and due efforts will be made to conceal the identity but anonymity cannot be guaranteed.
Financial support and sponsorship
Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
Hu SW, Kaplan J, Patel RR, Kamino H. Trauma-related papular granuloma annulare. Dermatol Online J 2013;19:20719.[Google Scholar]
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Morice-Picard F, Boralevi F, Lepreux S, Labrèze C, Lacombe D, Taïeb A. Severe linear form of granuloma annulare along Blaschko's lines preceding the onset of a classical form of granuloma annulare in a child. Br J Dermatol 2007;157:1056-8.[Google Scholar]
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Wagner G, Schmoll J, Sachse MM. Linear granuloma annulare in an infant – An unusual clinical presentation. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2012;10:434-5.[Google Scholar] | <urn:uuid:cee4c924-6148-42a0-92fa-b155af1c4ad4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://ijdvl.com/linear-granuloma-annulare-localized-to-the-finger/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.89917 | 1,575 | 1.601563 | 2 |
By Rachel Tan (13S06D)
Facebook birthdays: A social experiment
Remembering birthdays has never been easier, very much thanks to Facebook’s zealous reminders in the top right hand corner of our news feed. Whether to catch up with old friends or to interact with somebody with minimal social awkwardness, chances are that we would not have the opportunity to connect with some people if not for these opportune Facebook reminders.
On the other hand, Facebook greetings do make birthdays a little more bearable. We’ve all relished that thrilling acknowledgement of our pathetic existence on this earth: after all, we are the “attention-seeking lot”, aren’t we? The inner egoist cheers us on to claim our rightful share of popularity, epitomised by the massive blizzard of wall posts. Not that it matters if half the posts originate from “friends” whom we haven’t met in our lives nor if most of these “well-wishers” can barely be bothered to sacrifice a fraction of their thousand gigabyte brain to remember our special day.
Yet, against all ego-coddling temptations, I decided to spend a birthday without—gasp—proclaiming it on Facebook.
Of course, it was a tough act removing my birthday. Admittedly, deleting my birthday after its year-long vigil on my page was a pitiful act. Painful, even. But the deed was done.
As predicted, only a select few wrote in to convey their greetings. In a span of twenty four hours, the fact that it was my birthday was worthy of less than twenty Facebook responses, not counting those who resorted to more traditional methods. Yet it brought unexpected delight when people did remember it. (Of course, this is discounting those who only realised after seeing other birthday wishes for me on their news feed, but that is—I delude myself—a separate issue) Yes, despite attempts to lie low, I still experienced the small satisfaction that I was appreciated. Except, this time, it wasn’t—I hope—artificial.
Yet how much exactly do birthdays count for? They originated as a celebration of survival, since child mortality was so common. Without that factor in the present day, birthdays seem arbitrary and insignificant, notwithstanding the fact that a few million people in the world share it with us. While they are a part of us, perhaps the measure of birthdays’ uniqueness amounts to as much as, say, liking chocolate ice-cream. While a friend may be significant enough for us to commit their birthday to memory (or for us to be able to remember their birthday without any conscious effort), friendship should not hinge on something as superficial as that.
I hate to confess this but I, too, am wont to rely on Facebook for that nudge to recollect a “friend’s” birthday. This is, after all, a world of many acquaintances and few friends, and Facebook makes it easier to disguise ourselves as the latter, instead of admitting that we’re just strangers connected through a thin filament of the Internet. Sure, persuading yourself that these people were really interested in your “special day” can invoke some joy, but who would be the most likely people to take some time off their schedule just to celebrate your birthday? Surely not one of those random Friends floating around in your ever-expanding list of Facebook pals.
As for people who do not reveal their special day on Facebook, reasons range from the practical (“scared of identity theft”) to the disillusioned (“to the people writing ‘happy birthday’ on my wall, I could have been anybody else and they would’ve written the exact same thing”). Without the instruction of Facebook at our disposal, we can be sure of, as Alvin Soh, a Year 5, said, “who really bothers to remember”.
So, before you trot off to check whose birthday it is today, it might be worth asking yourself: if it doesn’t mean so much to me, how can we be sure if it means as much to them? We’ll be better off saving the time spent on, as Claire Yip, also a Year 5, aptly puts it, “being nice to a Facebook wall”.
For those of us whose daily ritual consists of paying homage to the “special people” featured in the top right of our Facebook news feed, here’s a tip on how to make your posts sound a little less insincere: | <urn:uuid:04eecd47-90fe-412f-ac14-b2f0062126a5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://rafflespress.com/2012/07/24/is-it-really-your-birthday-if-it-isnt-on-facebook/?replytocom=146 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.958706 | 969 | 1.742188 | 2 |
By Akira Matsumori
Read or Download Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure: Biomolecular, Infectious and Immune Mechanisms (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine) PDF
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Extra info for Cardiomyopathies and Heart Failure: Biomolecular, Infectious and Immune Mechanisms (Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine) | <urn:uuid:aa9740c1-ef7d-4c8f-aca4-663a469b2084> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://projects.wedeking.org/index.php/ebooks/cardiomyopathies-and-heart-failure-biomolecular-infectious-and-immune | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.893332 | 446 | 2.125 | 2 |
BONN (Jul. 29)
A violent criminal suspected of being the main link between West German neo-Nazis and the Palestine Liberation Organization’s El Fatah faction is believed to be hiding somewhere in East Germany, according to the federal prosecutor in Karlsruhe.
Federal sources said Sunday that the East German authorities were cooperating in the search for Udo Albrecht, who is wanted for a series of violent crimes, including bank robbery.
According to the prosecution, he fled West Germany in 1981 and found haven in East Germany, which was governed by a Communist regime until earlier this year.
Albrecht, who has boasted of direct access to PLO Chairman Yasir Arafat, is believed to have used PLO facilities in Lebanon to train West German neo-Nazis.
If the suspicions of the Karlsruhe prosector prove correct, it will be the first conclusive proof that the former East German secret police, the Stasi, not only helped Palestinian terrorists but knowingly protected neo-Nazis.
The media has carried reports in recent years indicating that the old East German regime initiated neo-Nazi incidents in West Germany to prove the Federal Republic was a haven for unrepentant Nazis and anti-Semites. | <urn:uuid:f89b3b99-9dc9-4668-a8a6-d63116d68ffa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jta.org/1990/07/30/archive/criminal-linking-neo-nazis-plo-believed-to-be-in-east-germany | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00301-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960088 | 252 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Review your food and activity records. Reduce your daily calories even further, as long as this doesn't bring you below 1,200 calories. Include more activity in your day. However, there are several strategies that can help you lose weight again.
Here are 14 tips to break a weight loss stagnation. Research has confirmed that low-carb diets are extremely effective for weight loss. In fact, a comprehensive review of 13 studies with follow-up lasting at least one year found that people who consumed 50 grams or less of carbohydrates a day lost more weight than people who followed traditional weight-loss diets (. Resistance training promotes muscle mass retention, which is an important factor influencing the amount of calories you burn during activity and at rest.
In fact, resistance training seems to be the most effective type of exercise for weight loss (10, 1.Other types of physical activity have also been shown to protect against metabolic slowdown, including aerobic exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (13, 14, 15, 1.If you're already working out, exercising 1 or 2 more days a week or increasing the intensity of your workouts can help increase your metabolic rate. Overall, researchers have reported that people tend to underestimate the amount of food they eat (17, 1). In one study, obese people reported that they consumed around 1,200 calories per day. However, a detailed analysis of their intake over a 14-day period showed that they were actually consuming almost twice that amount, on average (1).
In addition, research suggests that just recording your food intake may improve your weight-loss efforts (19, 20). In one study, healthy young women followed diets that provided 30% or 15% of calories from protein on two separate days. Your metabolic rate doubled after meals on the day with the highest protein content (2). It involves going long periods of time without eating, usually between 16 and 48 hours.
Although an alcoholic beverage (4 ounces of wine, 1.5 ounces of hard liquor, or 12 ounces of beer) contains only about 100 calories, it does not provide any nutritional value. In addition, many people have more than one drink in a session. Based on a study that looked at calorie absorption between diets with varying amounts of fiber, researchers estimated that increasing daily fiber intake from 18 to 36 grams could result in 130 fewer calories being absorbed from mixed meals (3). While sugary drinks lead to weight gain, some drinks can help reverse the weight loss position.
Studies have found that plain water can stimulate metabolism by 24 to 30% for 1.5 hours after drinking a 17-ounce (500 ml) serving (39, 40). In a 12-week study of older adults on a weight-loss diet, the group that consumed a serving of water before meals lost 44% more weight than the group without water (4). These drinks generally contain caffeine, which has been shown to increase fat burning and increase metabolic rate by up to 13%. However, these effects appear to be stronger in thin people (42, 43, 44, 4).
In addition, green tea contains an antioxidant known as EGCG (epigallocatechin gallate), which was found to increase fat burning by 17% in one study (4). It's also becoming clear that not getting enough sleep can lead to weight gain, lower metabolic rate, and alter hormone levels to boost appetite and fat storage (50, 51, 52, 5). One study found that healthy adults who slept four hours a night for five nights in a row experienced an average decrease of 2.6% in resting metabolic rate, which returned to baseline levels after sleeping for 12 hours (5.This is a detailed, evidence-based review of the 12 most popular weight loss pills and supplements on the market today. Any way you can get extra movement, do it.
Try 500 to 1000 additional steps per day. Add an extra set to your training. Alcohol slows down our metabolism and is hard on the body. In addition, it's usually a lot of sugary and empty calories.
And sugary drinks, such as energy drinks and soft drinks, are also a waste of calories that cause weight gain. By definition, a plateau occurs when caloric expenditure equals intake over time. In other words, the calories you consume are equal to the calories you burn, and the deficit no longer exists, which negates the body's need to extract calories from its reserves. You may need to try more intense weight training for a while, or switch to circuits instead of superseries.
Take your daily sweat session to the next level with the help of these fun, challenging and stimulating fitness tips from some of the country's top weight loss experts. Thanks to the ketogenic diet, Atkins and South Beach, cutting carbs and lowering carbs has become synonymous with losing weight. While weight tends to drop quite quickly at first, at some point it seems like your weight won't move. That means it can add more weight to you, helping you gain and retain muscle, helping you burn more calories throughout the day and avoid fat.
Avadhanula points out that reaching a plateau in weight loss is perfectly normal, and an important part of healthy weight loss is managing expectations and preparing for a longer journey than you might think. Learn more about Health at Every Size (HAES) principles that seek to reduce the emphasis on weight loss as a health goal and reduce stigma toward people who are overweight or obese. Fortunately, there are several strategies you can take to start losing weight again and achieve your goal weight safely. Failure to adjust your diet and exercise accordingly can lead to the dreaded weight-loss plateau.
Weight loss has a profound impact on NEAT levels that often go unnoticed, and coaches often end up recommending clients to perform more cardio when a plateau occurs. Researchers say you can lose a few kilos by fasting every other day, but you can lose the same amount of weight with other diet methods. First, it's essential to implement best practices to slow down or help compensate for the body's attempt to adapt to a calorie deficit. It's also a good idea to measure yourself monthly to help stay motivated when your weight loss seems to have stagnated.
The calorie intake you initially had when you began your weight loss journey will need to be adjusted to match your body's current weight loss needs. . . | <urn:uuid:b1509c2f-e14c-4d82-bd29-ecde095b92d6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.ezfastweightloss.com/how-do-i-overcome-slow-weight-loss | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.96212 | 1,286 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Prepositive modifiers don't like to have postpositive dependents. The more common pattern employs prepositive dependents:
It is a very easy app.
The "very" is a prepositive modifier of "easy", and the phrase "very easy" is prepositive to the "app" that it modifies.
Another common pattern has postpositive dependents for a postpositive modifier:
The app is easy to use.
When a prepositive modifier has a postpositive dependent, there is a conflict. The prepositive modifier is expected to modify the next word, but there's a postpositive dependent competing for that same word position.
The way to solve the word placement competition is to treat the phrase "easy to use" as a single word. The hyphens join the more tightly bound phrase. Inside the hyphenated phrase, the expectation of the postpostive dependent position of "to use" is fulfilled. As a result, the "I'm modifying the very next word" expectation of the prepositive "easy-to-use" is easy to fulfill.
This is an easy-to-use app.
Postpositive modification inside the hyphenation, prepositive modification outside. The shift between right-to-left parsing and left-to-right parsing is clearly marked.
There is another word ordering that might be worth comparative consideration:
This is an easy app to use.
In this example, "to use" is definitely a postpositive dependent, but the word from which it depends is ambiguous. In this position, "to use" could modify either "app" or "easy".
This ambiguity does not result in any word-ordering conflicts. Regardless of whether "to use" depends from "easy" or from "app", it is in its expected postpositive position. The boundary between left-to-right and right-to-left parsing does not need to be marked. | <urn:uuid:72f463ea-8288-42d4-a848-d2e615645af3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/293323/easy-to-use-versus-easy-to-use | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.899522 | 396 | 2.140625 | 2 |
"Yep," Goodyear pilot Matt Lussier says, sitting on my right. "I'm a certified instructor, and you're my student."
Let me set the scene. High above the downtown Georgia Dome, where the Chick-fil-A Bowl is being played, Lussier, camera operator Tom O'Keefe and I are sitting in a tiny metal gondola with a passenger and cockpit area about 6 feet wide and 15 feet long. We're surrounded by windows, some of which are open.
Looking out those windows ... it's a loooooooong way down.
And winds out of the northwest at about 12 mph are making it a little chilly.
We have to wear headphones to communicate with each other above the roar of the blimp's twin propeller engines. I don't mind telling you, it's more than a little unnerving.
As Lussier put it more than once this night: "That's blimpin'!"
In front of me on the floor are two pedals.
"Put your feet on the pedals, and push the right pedal down about four inches," Lussier says. When I do this, the rubbery 192-foot-long aircraft slowly begins to turn right. "Now, push the right pedal all the way to the floor." As I do that, I'm surprised when the left pedal starts to push up against the sole of my left foot.
Now, the blimp's right turn begins to speed up.
Next, Lussier tells me to floor the other pedal -- the one under my left foot.
Slowly, the lumbering airship reverses itself, bringing us back to a straight course.
A wooden "elevator wheel" to the right of the pilot's seat is used to point the airship up or down. No fancy "fly-by-wire" electronics here. It blows my mind to think that the controls at my feet are directly connected by cables to the rudder and elevators on the blimp's tail.
My five minutes as a blimp pilot trainee hammered home this fact: These aircraft are the ships of the skies. They perform a lot like ships or even submarines, Lussier says. The wind is the equivalent of ocean currents.
The 32-year-old Lussier, who's been "blimpin' " for Goodyear since 2011, answered some of CNN readers' blimp questions.
I'll tick a few off:
• Nope, no bathrooms aboard. It takes discipline.
• No parachutes, either. The blimp flies too low for them to be effective safety equipment.
• No seat belts. No oh s**t handles like you might find in an SUV.
• The blimp does have Sirius/XM satellite radio, when the signal isn't blocked by the giant helium bag.
• Via radio, an ESPN TV director orders specific beauty shots for the bowl broadcasts from Lussier and O'Keefe. Those images are beamed via microwave to a truck on the ground. Although we can't watch the ESPN broadcast, we can see O'Keefe's video on a cockpit monitor.
• The blimp has the same cockpit indicators you'd expect on a plane, including altitude, speed and direction.
• The blimp has radar to track nearby aircraft.
• Rules call for the blimp to stay 1,000 feet above any obstacles, including skyscrapers, and 2,000 feet away horizontally.
I also got a heart-pounding first-hand look at what makes blimp takeoffs and landings so challenging.
But first, some of you wanted to know why an experienced airplane pilot like Lussier, who's been flying since his teen years in North Carolina, would shift his career from flying private corporate planes to a whole other kettle of fish: blimps.
The answer: Lussier loves working with people. As a pilot, he wanted more than a job that flew passengers from point A to point B.
Flying for Goodyear -- and showing off what's arguably the world's most iconic blimp -- means he and the other blimp crews help raise hundreds of thousands of dollars each year for groups such as the Boys and Girls Club and the United Way. Hour-long blimp rides are auctioned off at fundraisers, and the money goes to help the needy.
Lussier seems to have been born to fly. When he was 3, Lussier's mother asked him what he wanted to be when he grew up. "I told her I wanted to be a bird. So I guess I found the next best thing: flying."
He competed against about 1,600 other applicants to join Goodyear's blimp team, surviving a half-dozen interviews before he got the gig.
"I don't want to fly anything else ever again," Lussier says. "It's absolutely my dream job."
Blimpin' is all about appreciating the joy of flying "slow and low," as Lussier puts it -- sometimes so slow and so low that it's not unheard-of to be passed by flocks of Canada geese.
While we regular travelers enjoy the comfort of being sealed away from the forces of nature in airline cabins, blimpin' puts Lussier closer to the true experience of flight. He loves to fly with the windows open. In hot weather, he'll often lean out the window at 2,000 feet to cool off.
Many of the blimp's controls and flight procedures are the same as airplanes. But airship aficionados, affectionately known as helium heads, know what really sets these machines apart: helium.
The helium inside the blimp's giant gas bag, known as "the envelope," is lighter than air. It makes the blimp always want to rise, even when you're trying to land.
"They're homesick angels," says Lussier.
Airplanes take flight when wind rushes across and under their wings, pushing them into the air. With blimps, the lift of the helium creates a pulling sensation, as if a puppeteer is in control from above.
These homesick angels also have a devilish side: The helium and the wind can make takeoffs and landings very tricky.
For some reason, I thought the takeoff would be more like a balloon ride, gently rising from the ground to our eventual altitude. The reality is a bit more dramatic.
I'm not overstating it when I say this: Taking off in the blimp is a scary, thrilling, white-knuckle ride. On this night, Lussier performed one of blimpin's more difficult maneuvers: a "pull off."
Blimps take off best by heading directly into the wind. But that's not always possible. A "pull off" is a trick that pilots use when obstacles stand in the way. In this case, the obstacles are a ditch and a huge mast that is used to tether the blimp.
Using the rudder pedals, Lussier "threads the needle" between the two, steering the blimp like a boat crossing a river with a strong current.
Next, using engine control levers with his left hand and the elevator wheel in his right hand, Lussier points the blimp's nose upward and guns the power.
The blimp's two engines throttle up to a deafening roar as they push their propellers 2,800 revolutions per minute. Suddenly, I'm nearly on my back as Lussier points the blimp up at a 25-degree angle -- only 5 degrees short of maximum.
Heeeeeeeere we go.
The airship ascends at 1,500 to 2,000 feet per minute. In no time at all, we're 1,000 feet high and beginning to level off.
Here come the Zeppelins
At the stroke of midnight, hours after our rumbling takeoff, we find ourselves looking down at the city's traditional giant "peach" drop. This might well be the most unusual New Year's transition I'll ever see.
2014 also will be unique for Goodyear.
It plans to begin phasing out the GZ-20A blimps -- like I'm riding in -- and replacing them with high-tech Goodyear NTs
. These sleek, new bad boys are co-produced by the maker of the famous Zeppelin airships of the early 20th century. Goodyear NTs will have internal frameworks, unlike blimps, which will allow the fleet to go faster and maneuver better than ever before.
Eventually, Goodyear's current fleet of three iconic blimps will retire -- perhaps, some speculate, to become museum exhibits.
Of course, the usefulness of airships extends way beyond broadcasting and promotional purposes.
A U.S.-based company called Aeros is developing a new kind of airship
that would carry cargo long distances over the Arctic. The defense industry has also been working on an airship that would carry heavy military equipment
and be able to land or takeoff from virtually any terrain. The Pentagon tested a surveillance blimp
Those airship applications are taking off, but after more than six hours aboard the Spirit of Innovation, I'm ready to experience a blimp landing.
Atlanta's brightly lit skyline is dotted with spectacular orange, red and green fireworks shooting into the air far below as we motor toward DeKalb-Peachtree Airport.
Obviously, planes rely on gravity to bring them down to Earth. With blimps, not so much, because the helium makes them want to keep going up. "You drive it down; you don't fly it down," Lussier explains.
A weather event called a temperature inversion is going to make this landing a little more challenging. This happens when warmer air traps cooler air near the ground. The cooler air will cause a blimp to lift when it approaches a landing strip.
The runway looms large in our windshield, about 100 feet under the gondola.
To cut the blimp's tendency to lift, Lussier comes down low to let the chilly air near the ground cool his helium. Then we circle back around for a landing attempt.
"We'd better try to stay above airport property," Lussier says. We'd very much like to avoid any surprise New Year's Eve fireworks from the neighbors. Should I be nervous?
Armed with red flashlights, a 15-member Goodyear ground crew lines up along the airstrip and grabs the rope lines hanging from our blimp.
Lussier aborts our first landing attempt, a common occurrence. Circling back, we try again.
As the wheel under the gondola hits the pavement, you hear a comforting shushhhhhhhh as Lussier reverses engines to slow us down.
This unforgettable ride is done. All in all, we've burned about 62 gallons of "100 Low-Lead" airplane fuel.
The next day, the crew will pack up its five-vehicle convoy and follow the Spirit of Innovation as it flies toward Florida for another college bowl. There, they plan to do it all over again, practicing a century-old profession unique among aviators.
Like Lussier says: That's blimpin'! | <urn:uuid:7ad22a17-cc82-4090-b06d-23d43aac2fab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/02/travel/goodyear-blimp-main/index.html?hpt=hp_mid | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00404-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95124 | 2,347 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Economics, finance, analytics, accounting and analysis, economic analysis, reporting analysis, foreign economic activity, economics of labor and organizations, clusters, innovative developments, implementation efficiency, company development, improvement of management decisions, planning and data analytics.
Field of knowledge according to OECD
5.02 Economics and business; economics; business, finance.
2019 — present: PhD in economics, associate professor at the Department of Economics.
“Digital literacy of a modern teacher”, “Game methods in education. Principles. Theory. Practice”.
“Interactive online courses: development and tutoring”.
V.Yu. Ershova has been conducting her research activities since 2008. She participated in many regional and national competitions (in 2012, she became the laureate of the “Teacher of the year 2014” competition, in 2014 — the laureate of the “Best scientific article of 2014” competition, and much more).
In 2014, she ran third in the republican contest of videos of theoretical and operational training lessons, extracurricular activities.
She received many letters of thanks and certificates, one being the Letter of Thanks from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Tatarstan (2014).
In 2012, she defended her PhD thesis in economics on the topic “Development of small towns as part of regional cluster formations”. In 2020, she was named the associate professor.
Over the entire period of her scientific activity, a voluminous list of works has been collected: more than 35 articles in conferences and collections (RSCI, HAC, SCOPUS — indexed), more than 15 methodological manuals and recommendations have been published in the disciplines “Accounting and analysis”, “Macroeconomics”, “Global trends in economic development”, “Fundamentals of foreign economic activity”, “Economics of organizations and industries”, etc. Three monographs on economic sciences and one practical textbook on industrial enterprise economics have been published. Another textbook on innovations is now expected to be printed.
She systematically improves her skills. Evgeniya’s comprehensive education, broad outlook, coverage of phenomena and variety of interests allows her to plan and conduct entertaining lecture flow classes and solve creative practical tasks.
Number of articles on Scopus — 2.
Assessing the factor influence on patent activity in the mining and metallurgical industry (e.g. nanoproducts). Vol.12 No.3(2021),
Since 2019, teaching at the Department of Economics, NUST MISIS.
Courses: macroeconomics, accounting, methodology of scientific cognition.
2009: Department of Economics and Management, Tupolev Kazan National Research University — Kazan Aviation Institute.
Courses: accounting and analysis, analysis of financial and economic activities, labor economics, fundamentals of foreign economic activity, real estate economics, organization of insurance activities, etc.
Membership with the working group on training and accreditation. Accounting and analysis profile. | <urn:uuid:9f0bc43b-bae7-4ae6-bd02-38dcac84f467> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://en.misis.ru/science/community/scientists/4916/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.920043 | 649 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Climate-neutral cities 2030
Cities play a crucial role in climate change change. They cover about 3% of the earth’s surface, but account for about 70% of all greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, they are growing rapidly. In Europe, almost 85% of the population is estimated to live in cities by 2050; in Sweden was 93 percent. That is why cities are important to deal with the climate crisis. And that is why urban climate change is extremely important for all countries. This is shown, among other things, in the EU’s Green Deal for Europe, which aims to make the whole of Europe climate neutral by 2050, the first climate-neutral continent. We focus on climate change in cities because changes for the greatest and fastest effect there.
Everyone must be involved
Viable Cities works on the basis of a holistic approach to sustainable urban development. This means that we assume that everyone in society must be involved in order to make the necessary changes: entrepreneurs and researchers, politicians and officials, organisations and ordinary people. We assume that it is particularly important that citizens must be involved in its success, and we also assume that digitalisation and digital tools can contribute in various ways to the major change.
What do we think?
So major changes are needed throughout society in order to meet the climate targets and save the planet. Doing what we have always done is no longer possible, we have to work in completely new ways. Viable Cities takes the help of research in many areas and inspiration from other thinkers to find this new way of working together. We hope that this new way will be so successful that we can help all cities, in Sweden, in Europe and in the world, to become economically, socially and environmentally sustainable.
What’s the goal?
We have a mission that we are striving towards: Climate-neutral cities by 2030 with a good life for everyone within the planet’s borders. Thus, cities that do not burden the planet with emissions, where everyone in the city can have a good life, both socially and economically. It sounds incredible, but it’s possible, if we’re really working for it.
We’re not the only ones working on this mission. Our mission is in line with the UN Agenda 2030 and the Paris agenda, which are important starting points for the climate and sustainability work of many Swedish cities. It is also in line with the Swedish climate and environmental goals and the EU’s goal – to be a climate-neutral continent by 2050.
Climate-neutral cities 2030 initiative
Nine Swedish municipalities and their partners (Enköping, Gothenburg, Järfälla, Lund, Malmö, Stockholm, Umeå, Uppsala and Växjö) are part of the initiative Climate neutral cities 2030. They applied in competition and were granted support in Viable Cities Call 3#. They have taken it upon themselves to test new ways of working and solutions, to learn from each other and to work for the mission: to create cities that work well for the people who live in it, that are good for the economy of citizens, businesses and society – and – that are good for the climate. In 2021, there will be opportunities for more cities to join the venture.
What do Viable Cities do then?
Viable Cities contributes to our knowledge, experience and support. We also try to link other efforts made for sustainable cities, in Sweden, in the EU and globally. We create meeting places; by working with others and learning from each other, we can accelerate the development of climate-neutral and sustainable cities. It must be faster if we are to achieve the paris agreement’s objective: not to allow the average temperature on earth to rise by more than 1.5 degrees.
Well, there’s no benefit. We do not yet know what the climate-neutral and sustainable city looks like. That’s what we’re working on. Together with cities, businesses, researchers, politicians, civil servants, authorities and ordinary people, we try ideas, we fail, we learn and we try again. We call the work Viable Cities Transition Lab.
Part of the work with climate neutral cities in 2030 is the work on:
Viable Cities is a strategic innovation program with a focus on smart sustainable cities. The programme’s mission is to speed up the transition to climate-neutral cities by 2030 with a good life for everyone within the planet’s boundaries.
Viable Cities is a catalyst for new forms of cooperation between cities, industry, academia, research institutes and civil society. This is to mobilise to change the way our cities work in line with our national environmental and climate objectives and our international commitments linked to the global sustainability goals – Agenda 2030 – and the Paris Agreement.
The programme’s time frame is 2017-2030 and is implemented with support in a concerted effort by Vinnova, the Swedish Energy Agency and Formas, where the Swedish Energy Agency is the principal authority. KTH is the host organization.
Sweden inspires and has a leading role in energy and climate change through smart and sustainable cities.
The ambition is to strengthen Sweden’s role in the development of smart sustainable cities by building on the country’s strengths in research, innovation and entrepreneurship. The programme will drive development and have a leading position and intends to work with other leading countries and cities to be a hub and establish a global network for smart sustainable cities.
Viable Cities’ mission is to achieve climate-neutral cities by 2030 with a good life for everyone within the planet’s borders.
Read more info on their website: https://en.viablecities.se/om-viable-cities | <urn:uuid:ddb29c34-46a1-489d-b674-a63158dcb540> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.eurobalt.org/lund-malmo-and-vaxjo-are-part-of-the-initiative-climate-neutral-cities-2030/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00665.warc.gz | en | 0.943706 | 1,197 | 3.1875 | 3 |
Home / Articles / American Military History: A Resource for Teachers and Students
Teaching America’s military history is an important civic duty because “We the People” are responsible for the common defense and therefore should know something about it. At the Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI), we encourage teachers to integrate military history into the history that they already teach, and we think they can do so without personal military experience, just as they teach about so many other aspects of American life.
Starting in 2006, FPRI teamed up with the First Division Museum at Cantigny to offer the first Teaching Military History Institute for Teachers. This history institute series built upon and expanded the proven FPRI model that has been in operation since 1992. The concept is simple: assemble an audience of dedicated secondary school teachers, bring in first tier scholars of varied perspectives to address them on substantive military topics, and stimulate their interaction over a weekend at the world class setting of the First Division Museum. Omitted are the pedagogical lessons that can be learned back at one’s school. Teachers earn continuing education credits for attendance and are encouraged to develop lesson plans to incorporate knowledge from these weekends into their teaching. Since 2006, nearly 300 teachers have gone through one or more of these Institutes.
This volume is a selection of materials presented at the eight Teaching Military History Institutes held since 2006. This e-book can be used as a resource by teachers, students, and the public to expand their understanding of how the U.S. military has helped to shape American history—not only on the battlefield but also socially, politically, economically, and technologically. We believe that our common defense will be better if the public is familiar with our military history. We hope that users and readers will enjoy this collection and use it to further that purpose.
First Division Museum at Cantigny
Michael P. Noonan
Foreign Policy Research Institute | <urn:uuid:1fd2e996-7164-4305-8944-2dcbd2edb731> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.fpri.org/article/2013/07/american-military-history-a-resource-for-teachers-and-students/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.943049 | 414 | 3 | 3 |
“Don’t miss a great business opportunity, make sure you are properly equipped to test the charging points of an electric vehicle,” says Megger’s Peter Wade. In the past five years, electric vehicle technology has made huge successes in the transportation market, and it is certain that within a decade, electric vehicles (EVs) will be ubiquitous on the country’s streets. However, one of the factors limiting the growth of electric vehicles is that charging points are sometimes few and far between, leading drivers to worry about where and when they can recharge. As a result, there is a strong demand for new electric vehicle charging points for public use and in private homes, which has resulted in it becoming one of the fastest growing areas of business for electrical contractors. As expected, there are strict requirements for the electrical protection included at the charging points. The basic requirements, set forth in the IET Wiring Regulations, are that the charging point must be shielded at the circuit source, or integrally at the charging point at the inbound supply position, by a Type A RCD / RCBO. There should also be a requirement to automatically disconnect the supply in the event of a DC fault above 6 mA. Detailed requirements regarding electric vehicle charging points are contained in IEC 61851-1: 2017, Conductive Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles – Part 1: General Requirements and IEC 60364-7-722: 2018 Low Voltage Electrical Installations – Part 7-722: Requirements for Installations or Special sites – supplies for electric vehicles. As a first step, any contractor intending to take advantage of the lucrative electric vehicle charging point installation / testing market must ensure that it is fully informed of these requirements. Their second step should be to ensure that they have suitable testing equipment to ensure that requirements are met in practice. Testing will always be required at newly installed charging points and may also be required later as part of a routine inspection and testing or if an error is suspected at any time. Some modern multifunctional stabilization testers, such as the Megger MFT1741 +, have the necessary functions needed to test electric vehicle charging points, but cannot be used on their own to perform a full range of tests. This is because in order to test the charging point it is necessary to simulate the vehicle connection. In particular, the person conducting the test should be able to initiate the charging process by providing the charging point with the appropriate combination of proximity pilot (PP) and control pilot (CP) signals. To make this possible, and to make it easier to connect the tester to the charging point, the test equipment manufacturers have introduced adapters, such as the Megger EVCA210-UK, that are specifically designed to test the EV charge point. Generally, these adapters are supplied with a type 2 plug for charging points that have a type 2 plug attached to or mounted on the board, which is by far the most common. However, some manufacturers also offer a Type 1 plug, such as Megger EVCA210-UK, to meet the needs of charging points with a Type 1 socket. The most popular vehicle that requires this is a Mitsubishi PHEV. Be warned, not all transformer manufacturers include the type 1 plug as standard! Features that users should look for in an EV charging point adapter include selector switches to adjust CP and PP status indication, push-buttons to simulate CP faults and ground faults to ensure the charging point output is properly and safely disconnected and a pre-test PE test guide. This ensures that there are no dangerous voltages present on the PE conductor. Finally, with the availability of single and three phase charging points, it is advantageous that the switch provides the savings for connecting test instruments with not only the mains socket, but also the 4mm plug ports for L1, L2, L3, N, and PE. Ideally, auxiliary contact points should also be available to access the CP signal so that, if needed, it can be monitored with an oscilloscope as an aid in error detection. Megger EVCA210 integrates all the above features. According to Energy Supplier EDF, there are currently 30,000 general electric vehicle charging points across the UK, with 10,000 added in 2019 alone. The growth rate of expansion can be expected with confidence, which means that the installation and testing of electric vehicle charging points represents an excellent business opportunity for electrical contractors. Working efficiently and effectively in this growing but competitive market depends on having the right tools for the job – and that includes reliable and versatile testing equipment. | <urn:uuid:b1ef4bde-0448-449a-aec4-84c7f6b79f3b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://4corner.news/best-practices-for-testing-electric-vehicle-charging-points-major/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.947271 | 930 | 2.578125 | 3 |
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Be prepared earlier for a much higher level of content material posting than normal having a more static website. Sites, to be effective, require regular, even daily, infusions of unique content to stay relevant and keep visitors’ interest.
As with a typical website, take into account legal issues, disclaimers, notifications, copyright laws issues or other concerns relevant to the organization. The everyday nature of blogs, in addition to the higher volume of updates may create compliance issues if not carefully monitored.
Finally, once a business decides to purchase blogging, you will discover great ways to spread the word about the modern blog. To get the best marketing effects, it is essential to definitely promote your organization blogs through blog search sites and directories. Promo and syndication should be according to your items, services as well as theme of your blog to be preferred. Adding specific or member’s only info can also increase the chance that everyday browsers might invest you a chance to follow the company postings.
Promo of the blog page can be practically automatic become creating and promoting Really Simple Syndication (RSS) passes in conjunction with the blogs. Individuals and other, related, websites can watch and screen blog listings directly from their own websites or personal news readers. This allows blog poster to essentially push posts to reader’s personal computers instead of depending upon them to go to the originating blog.
Since search results placement is important for visitors volume the blog should help to make effective consumption of keyword phrases. Websites are by definition incredibly content heavy website, which in turn afford jump opportunity to generate keyword rich duplicate. Keywords must be selected to make certain relevant traffic is directed to the business weblog.
In summary, a blog is a fantastic way to advertise a business. Numerous advantages may be gained as long as the business ideas well and takes things to properly enhance its new blog. | <urn:uuid:9170054a-4825-46ff-973c-0d80499b6991> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.salemtours.co.in/ways-to-get-your-company-observed-with-blogs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.947938 | 1,055 | 1.554688 | 2 |
تعاملات شناخت احساسات با گنجایش حافظه کاری در افراد مبتلا به اسکیزوفرنی تعدیل می شود
|کد مقاله||سال انتشار||مقاله انگلیسی||ترجمه فارسی||تعداد کلمات|
|71694||2012||5 صفحه PDF||سفارش دهید||محاسبه نشده|
Publisher : Elsevier - Science Direct (الزویر - ساینس دایرکت)
Journal : Schizophrenia Research, Volume 141, Issues 2–3, November 2012, Pages 257–261
Prior research provides evidence for aberrant cognition-emotion interactions in schizophrenia. In the current study, we aimed to extend these findings by administering the “distractor devaluation” task to 40 individuals with schizophrenia and 32 demographically matched healthy controls. The task consisted of a simple visual search task for neutral faces, followed by an evaluative response made for one of the search items (or a novel item) to determine whether prior attentional selection results in a devaluation of a previously unattended stimulus. We also manipulated working memory demands by preceding the search array with a memory array that required subjects to hold 0, 1, or 2 items in working memory while performing the search array and devaluation task, to determine whether the normative process by which attentional states influence evaluative response is limited by working memory capacity. Results indicated that individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated the typical distractor devaluation effect at working memory load 0, suggesting intact evaluative response. However, the devaluation effect was absent at working memory loads of 1 and 2, suggesting that normal evaluative responses can be abolished in people with schizophrenia when working memory capacity is exceeded. Thus, findings provide further evidence for normal evaluative response in schizophrenia, but clarify that these normal experiences may not hold when working memory demands are too high. | <urn:uuid:cca0d4a3-c823-4f0f-8e78-f0802ad7ab91> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://isiarticles.com/article/71694 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00273-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.742137 | 531 | 1.828125 | 2 |
Despair is regularly a crippling situation. Psychological problems can change into bodily issues, so make sure you paintings to your despair. A bit of of skilled recommendation will allow you to really feel higher. For some, despair is persistent however is manageable.
Don’t permit despair to stay you out of your customary paintings and social actions. For those who’re feeling disillusioned and unhappy, chances are you’ll really feel like you’ll’t do belongings you regularly do. You will need to to stay alongside of this stuff. You wish to have to make sure you take care of your customary actions. For those who keep away from your day by day actions, you’re going to simply finally end up extra depressed.
When you’ve got issues of despair, discovering any individual to talk with about your emotions can assist. Whether or not it’s your therapist, psychiatrist, or any individual within the circle of relatives, you’re going to really feel higher whilst you permit any individual to understand what’s to your thoughts whilst you’re having troubles.
Be sure to workout sufficient on a daily basis. Analysis demonstrates a hyperlink between a part an hour of day by day workout and responding higher to remedies for despair. If truth be told, workout may also be as tough as a pharmaceutical anti-depressant. The use of the stair and strolling to the shop may also be nice tactics to extend your process and appreciation of the arena round you.
Even supposing disappointment and medical despair are fairly other, regularly you’ll be successful with some an identical tactics. Don’t let those triggers get for your method. If you already know of a few motion, particular person or state of affairs that creates despair in your, keep away from it if in any respect conceivable.
Nutrition can regularly play an important position in despair. Consuming dangerous meals without delay buddies to dangerous emotions, which simply resumes the despair circle you’re bored with operating in. Keep away from fatty meals that can assist you are living a more healthy lifestyles.
Enhance your own home or bed room to replicate issues that make you satisfied and raise your spirits. You’re going to have a naturally brighter smile in case you do that.
Dressing properly is an effective way to begin feeling much less depressed and superior about your self. Put to your easiest outfit and head out. You don’t seem to be doing this as a result of a duty like a birthday celebration or a marriage, that is simply so that you can revel in. Caring for your self and having a look horny will spice up your self-worth, and push your despair apart.
Whether or not you might have medical despair or simply regimen disappointment, you must keep up a correspondence with a qualified. They are going to have the ability to correctly diagnose you, and make a decision if you’re going to want any more or less medicine. They are going to additionally inform you the type of despair which has you down.
Treatment is important whether or not you might have gentle or critical despair. Pros allow you to paintings thru your detrimental ideas. A chum or circle of relatives member can by no means exchange for a educated skilled.
Track has a tendency to assuage the thoughts and stave off despair, or even higher if you know the way to play an device. That is true for all varieties of artwork, as a result of getting concerned with them might be an effective way so that you can discover ways to handle any onerous instances.
Don’t drink alcohol or use any medication if you find yourself feeling depressed. Many of us flip to alcohol and medicine when they’re depressed, however it will make issues worse. Typically, those urges can change into dependency.
When you’ve got a chum or circle of relatives member who suffers from despair, it’s necessary that you just’re supportive. The individual affected by despair wishes love and luxury whilst they climate this hard time. You’ll in finding nice knowledge on-line and in books that may be very useful.
By no means disregard that there’s hope. Other folks affected by despair regularly really feel that issues are by no means going to enhance, so that they abandon remedy. It’s necessary to stick certain and be affected person.
When coping with your despair, you wish to have to remember the fact that you aren’t by myself. When you’re feeling by myself or remoted, this most effective makes your despair worse. There are others affected by the similar situation, and there are many people who find themselves greater than keen that can assist you out.
You should prohibit tension if you’re fighting despair. Rigidity regularly prolongs your despair; so, it must be have shyed away from, if conceivable. Overview your lifestyles to resolve resources of tension. Spotting what triggers your tension allow you to to keep away from scenarios which can be hectic and that would possibly irritate your despair.
To triumph over despair, it’s important to stay real looking. Check out your targets in lifestyles, and in the event that they’re unrealistic, see what you’ll do to regulate them. In case your targets are nigh inconceivable to reach, you’ll most probably fail, and that may pressure you right into a deeper despair.
Start with little steps, transferring ahead whilst you aren’t as depressed. Looking to take too large of steps right through your restoration can if truth be told reason the despair to irritate. Then again, with a extra slow method you’re going to be sure to by no means weigh down your self.
Going inexperienced may also be an effective way to struggle despair. Commonplace meals have many poisonous chemical compounds. Some chemical compounds available in the market can harm your frame and your thoughts too. Attempt to center of attention your foods on native natural produce. Natural fare may also be present in with reference to any marketplace nowadays.
Take a look at dancing if you’re feeling depressed. Play some up-tempo song and transfer to the beat. There aren’t that many people who find themselves unhappy whilst they’re getting down. Infrequently any in any respect! Make a selection the song that you just like and that lifts your temper.
Expectantly the useful knowledge on this article allow you to. For those who use what you’ve realized, anything else is conceivable. Take care of a favorable angle in regards to those pointers, as they may well be what’s had to provide you with your pleasure again. Keep in mind to stay your spirits gentle. | <urn:uuid:c18d8c3f-14a1-496f-99bf-0e9e408c2495> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elwebdesants.com/considerate-recommendation-on-beating-the-blues-of-despair.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.938294 | 1,388 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Photo 4 shows a canal family who lived on their boat. The cabins under the deck of the boat were hot and stuffy, so people tended to spend as much time up on deck as possible. The chains attaching the children to the boat allowed for considerable movement, but prevented them from falling into the canal.
Questions for Photo 4
1. Look back at Drawing 2. What do you think it would have been like to grow up on a canal boat? What would have been the good parts? What would have been the bad ones? How would daily life have been different from your life today?
* The image on the screen has a resolution of 72 dots per inch (dpi), and therefore will print poorly. You can obtain a high resolution version of Photo 4 but be aware that it will take about 30 seconds to load with a 28.8K modem. | <urn:uuid:974a8752-2620-4ad9-beff-e6ce3f353617> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.nps.gov/nr/twhp/wwwlps/lessons/10CandO/10visual6.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00538-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981879 | 177 | 3.140625 | 3 |
Through successive editions, Management and Welfare of Farm Animals has gained international recognition as a classic introductory textbook for students of agriculture and veterinary science. Conceived by the Universities Federation for Animal Welfare (UFAW), the book has always sought to promote the humane treatment of livestock within the practical business context of modern farming. Now fully revised and updated, this fifth edition remains the most comprehensive and accessible guide available. Three animal groups appear here for the first time (game birds, South American camelids, and ostriches), and a chapter on horses has also been restored. Throughout, the book offers clear advice for the humane management of all major farmed species in the primary context of large-scale food production.
DETTAGLI PRODOTTO torna su
Titolo: Management and Welfare of Farm Animals: The UFAW Farm Handbook
Edizione: V 2011
Finitura: Copertina flessibile
NESSUNA RECENSIONE PER QUESTO PRODOTTO | <urn:uuid:1ac0f851-ef11-4e19-aa15-1fc4b263db8c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.libreriauniverso.it/articolo/42387/1405181745/Webster-Management-and-Welfare-of-Farm-Animals:-The-UFAW-Farm-Handbook | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00059-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.855168 | 205 | 2.453125 | 2 |
- Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Program Type:
- Study Abroad
- Degree Level:
- Program Description:
Examine the philosophical, political, and cultural ideas that formed the core of the Enlightenment, the Romantic Movement, and Revolutions in Europe and America from 1660 - 1848. Excursions to the Stirling Castle, Calton Hill and Cemetery, and other historical sites.
Often referred to as “the Athens of the North” because of its rich intellectual tradition in the arts, humanities, and sciences, Edinburgh is the second most visited city in the United Kingdom after London.
Robert Louis Stevenson, a native son, wrote: “Edinburgh is what Paris ought to be.” The capital city of Scotland and home to two recent British Prime Minister, Tony Blair and Gordon Brown, this city of half a million people traces its origins to the Bronze Age and today still houses some of the finest examples of Medieval and Georgian architecture in Europe and the United Kingdom
Overall RatingNot Yet Reviewd
Be the First to Review this Program | <urn:uuid:3a9a281b-6034-41d5-b171-4cf75e443318> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.studyabroad.com/institutions/uc-san-diego-global-seminars/enlightenment-revolution-and-romanticism-in-edinburgh-virtual-program-293246 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.891728 | 241 | 2.34375 | 2 |
PANAMA CITY, Fla. (WMBB) — History Class Brewing Company picks an organization to give to every month. They call it, “pouring love”.
History Class looked a lot more like science class this Sunday.
The Science and Discovery Center of Northwest Florida have been chosen as this month’s recipients of the give-away, which means they will get 25 cents from every beer sold throughout the month of July.
Today, the family-friendly science center brought science to history class.
Reptiles, exploding volcanoes, and solar ovens were just a few of the experiments kids got to enjoy.
Meanwhile mom and dad got to sit back with a glass of locally-brewed beer.
“They used to be the Junior Museum, now they’re the Science and Discovery Center, and they are open back up. A lot of people don’t realize that they are open again, so we’re doing our part to let people know they’re open for business,” said Eric Darnell, History Class Brewing Company’s Marketing Manager. “They’re doing science every single day, and anyone can take their families there and have a great time. The experiments here today are just a small sample of all the cool stuff that they have.”
The activities were all wrapped up by dinner-time, but you can still donate to the Science and Discovery Center by grabbing a brew from History Class any time this month. | <urn:uuid:5bccf424-a4d9-4253-83d9-8ab144dfefa8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://manateeherald.com/2021/07/18/history-class-brewing-co-pours-love-on-the-science-and-discovery-center-of-northwest-florida/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.96318 | 314 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Cambridge Prevention Coalition
The Cambridge Prevention Coalition uses a community-based approach for effecting policy, environmental, and social change around substance abuse, focusing on youth and families.
Its members include the Cambridge Public Health Department, the city's Department of Human Service Programs, the Cambridge Public Schools, the Cambridge Police Department, the Cambridge License Commission, drug and alcohol treatment providers, local universities, and emergency medical services.
The Cambridge Prevention Coalition became a program of the Cambridge Public Health Department in 2013, relocating from the City’s Department of Human Service Programs. The Cambridge Prevention Coalition was established in the early 1990s.
For more information, visit the Cambridge Prevention Coalition webpage, located on the Cambridge Public Health website. | <urn:uuid:e4a39366-6376-4a20-bcb8-4405bb89e93b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.cambridgema.gov/DHSP/programsforfamilies/cambridgepreventioncoalition.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00325-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895009 | 146 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa bordered by Sierra Leone to its west, Guinea to its north and Côte d'Ivoire to its east. It covers an area of 111,369 km2 (43,000 sq mi) and is home to about 3.7 million people. English is the official language and over thirty indigenous languages are also spoken within the country. Its coastline is composed mostly of mangroves, while its more sparsely populated inland consists of forests opening onto a plateau of drier grasslands. The climate is hot and equatorial, with significant rainfall during the May–October rainy season and harsh harmattan winds the remainder of the year. The country possesses about forty percent of the remaining Upper Guinean rainforest. Liberia is the only country in Africa rooted in U.S. colonization.
Trade and taxes | <urn:uuid:31f595ef-bcce-4b54-ba39-6d09a699c297> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://countryportal.ascleiden.nl/liberia | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.965976 | 184 | 3.015625 | 3 |
Is there a patron saint of computer users? There should be.
Well, whoever they might be, we should give thanks to them that time and time again hackers make elementary mistakes that mean (if we keep our wits about us) we can avoid our computer becoming infected.
Take this Spanish-language email which has been spammed out, for instance, claiming to point to an update for the Adobe Flash Player:
At first glance the email may look legitimate enough to any Spanish computer users receiving it in their inbox. The subject line reads “Ya hay disponible una actualizacion de Adobe Flash Player” which translates as “An update is now available Adobe Flash Player”.
But look a little more closely and you’ll see that twice in the email “Adobe” is misspelt as “Adoble”. Which I must admit makes me think more of the Spanish Paso Doble dance than the vendor of a web plug-in.
If you did make the mistake of clicking on the link embedded inside the email then you are taken to a webpage that exhorts you to download a fake update to Adobe Flash which Sophos detects as Mal/Behav-359:
Again, there’s more evidence of spelling sloppiness on the part of the hackers. See that last sentence? They’ve spelt it “requiered” rather than “required”. It’s an elementary mistake, but should ring alarm bells in your head if you’re looking out for signs that something suspicious might be going on rather than desperately downloading an update.
So how do these tiny clues and mistakes manage to sprinkle themselves into a hacker’s attack? Is there some divine intervention that is ensuring that so many cybercriminals keep making daft errors, putting a spanner in the works, and helping to tip off potential victims? Whatever the reason, I hope it continues for as long as there’s a malwre problem.
Of course, the lesson all computer users need to learn is that you should always be suspicious of unsolicited emails and always visit the vendor’s own website for legitimate updates to the likes of Adobe Flash.
Update: Julio Canto of VirusTotal has been in touch, informing me that the Spanish used in the email is of very poor quality, and so was probably created by an automatic translator.
Thanks also to Tom Meersschaut of Impakt in Belgium, who informs me that there is a patron saint of computer users! Saint Isodore of Seville.
Marvellous! You can always rely on Clu-blog readers to fill in the gaps. :) | <urn:uuid:d572a033-f924-499f-b204-45ef9b0c84b5> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2010/01/04/adobe-malware-attack-sloppiness-puts-spaniard-works/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719136.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00467-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922729 | 560 | 2.125 | 2 |
I found on Wikipedia that it is made from animals' skin and bones. The article describes the steps of gelatin production from a technical perspective:
The manufacturing processes of gelatin consists of three main stages:
- Pretreatments to make the raw materials ready for the main extraction step and to remove impurities which may have negative effects on physiochemical properties of the final gelatin product,
- The main extraction step, which is usually done with hot water or dilute acid solutions as a multi-stage extraction to hydrolyze collagen into gelatin, and finally,
- The refining and recovering treatments including filtration, clarification, evaporation, sterilization, drying, rutting, grinding, and sifting to remove the water from the gelatin solution, to blend the gelatin extracted, and to obtain dried, blended and ground final product.
How can you make gelatin from scratch in your own kitchen? | <urn:uuid:18171a86-32cb-4dc3-a36e-cde8e29742a0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/8303/making-gelatin-from-scratch | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.921684 | 183 | 2.90625 | 3 |
I made a typo. I meant, Biot- Savar Law( sorry ).1. The problem statement, all variables and given/known data A conductor in the shape of a square Loop of edge length l= 0.400 m carries a current I = 10.0A. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the magnetic field at the center of the square. 2. Relevant equations db = u_0/(4pi) * I ds x r_units vector /r^2 3. The attempt at a solution I know that that I can take out the constants, u_0/4*pi and the I and integrate ds x r_unit vector /r^2 I know also that all four sides create a magnetic field B into the page. I just don't know how to state my r. I also know that db = k* ds sin(thetha) /R^2 ( with all the constatnts factored out, k = all the constants), but I am not sure how thetha varies, i am assuming r would be l/2 if we draw our axis at the point p. but i am not sure how thetha varies.. nor ds. any help would be appreciated. | <urn:uuid:95c10fbd-2692-46e5-b73e-885bb1fc3e36> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/the-bio-savart-law-applied-to-a-square-loop.146522/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00051-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91206 | 256 | 2.828125 | 3 |
The potential for entrepreneurs and risky companies to raise capital more easily was given a tremendous boost this week, after three ministers of the federal government said the corporate law might be modernised to recognise the extent to which technology (including social networks and mobile payment platforms) has created new avenues for fund-raising.
The act currently has a specific provision, section 708, exempting small offerings (less than $5 million in a 12-month period) from strict prospectus requirements, but only if 20 investors or fewer participate.
But this looks increasingly antiquated, given social networks and fund-raising platforms can combine to bring investment opportunities to a much bigger “crowd".
Regulating equity crowd-funding
As Capital magazine examined in a feature published on March 27, many international jurisdictions, including the Netherlands, Britain and United States, are regulating equity crowd-funding. This is different to the more common crowd-funding of the “pledge and reward" type – popularised by websites such as Kickstarter in the US and Pozible in Australia – where sponsors “pledge" small amounts to help projects get off the ground and provide rewards (often the product itself) to attract support. Legally speaking, this model is not controversial, but allowing these sites to raise equity is a different story, as securities laws are triggered.
Many issues will need to be considered. Allowing retail investors to provide equity to companies at an early stage of their development is a very different investment proposition to providing equity through an initial public offering. This is because in order to list, detailed disclosure is required and businesses will have a track record of earnings growth, tested management and actual products. In contrast, crowd-funded businesses are often unproven. (Sites like Kickstarter and Pozible are increasingly being used as a pre-ordering system for prototype products.) So after raising equity through the crowd, many companies will not succeed. This is not an issue of fraud, but one of risk – only a small proportion of companies in their very early stages make their investors big multiples of those investments.
Law reform seems likely
Any law reform seems likely, therefore, to seek to limit investor exposure. For example, US President Barack Obama’s Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (JOBS Act), which sets up a new legislative regime to allow equity crowdfunding, sets a yearly aggregate limit on the amount each person may invest in projects, linked to net worth or annual income.
The government also announced on Wednesday an inquiry into tax rules governing employee share schemes, to help start-up companies attract and retain staff.
This review is also welcomed, given the rules are cited as a key reason Australian entrepreneurs are incorporating in the US, adding to the brain drain at precisely the time the Australian economy struggles to transition from one driven by resources to one led by ideas.
The Australian Financial Review | <urn:uuid:6496530d-74f1-4a1d-9b14-65bf4ac1b670> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.afr.com/business/banking-and-finance/financial-services/equity-crowdfunding-law-to-be-revamped-20130613-j0pkd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00229-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957604 | 584 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Welcome to this bumper festive season edition of Business Fleet Africa with a wide range of topics, new vehicle launches and industry news. We also bring you a special report on the latest developments in the heated renewable energy debate.
When will the ICE age end in South Africa?
As we watch the big players argue about zero emissions, alternative fuels, sustainability, electric vs hybrid vehicles and so on, not many realise that electric vehicles are not environmentally friendly if you live in South Africa. We still rely on internal combustion engines (ICE) and coal-fired power plants (well, when they actually work). Then there is the SA government blowing hot air as it may not be in their best interest to go green.
Fuming over the fuel price and levies
The new high fuel price further inhibits an already crippled economy. Yes, the Brent crude price is high, but we should be fuming about the 126% increase in the various levies and taxes applied over the past decade. The country currently receives around R125-billion a year from taxation on fuel, so going green means something’s got to black-out. Then there is the issue that the Department of Mineral Resources and Energy miscalculated the new fuel price, it was supposed to rise by 75c per litre, not 81.
Off-grid? Electric means getting right back on
Unless you can charge your electric car at renewable sources such as solar panels, it is not a cleaner “zero-carbon emissions” alternative, not to mention that it would probably be sensible to get off our on-and-off grid.
Many automakers and major nations copped out of COP26
Big Oil companies do not only want a seat in the room, they also want to own the block. At the recent COP26 (Climate Change) conference, 503 delegates were from fossil fuel companies—more than the largest delegation from any country. And, predictably, they are using the same arguments we’ve heard before, it is the consumers who need their products. Meanwhile, they have massive greenwashing and gaslighting campaigns to keep burning billions of barrels of oil and gas. It should tell us something if major automaking nations like Germany, Japan, China, and the US were absent from the COP26 agreement (though some US states and one Chinese automaker signed on).
Putting your money where your emissions are
Ben van Beurden, Chief Executive of Royal Dutch Shell, recently told the BBC that his company wants to transition to net-zero by 2050, but will need the income from its oil and gas business to pay for it. What happened to putting your money where your emissions are? In the meantime, Shell is also making headlines in the local “Shell can go to Hell” campaign as the company plans to carry out a seismic assessment off the Wild Coast starting in December. They seem to be in a hurry to find more oil before 2050.
Well, let’s leave this debate for now. We hope you enjoy the read and want to wish you a happy and safe festive season!
Read the magazine here | <urn:uuid:bd5ec27f-e161-4282-bc3c-c3a86496b8b5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://trucksmag.co.za/editorial/business-fleet-africa-nov-dec-2021/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.961783 | 631 | 1.898438 | 2 |
High-Pressure Cooling System
From Barn Equipment
High-pressure cooling system for use in cow stables. The cooling system is made of stainless steel lines with patented stainless steel and synthetic nozzles. The use of these materials ensure a high durability of the system.
- Made of strong and durable materials.
- Vaporizes water so cows, feed and bedding do not get wet.
- Cows are more active because of lower temperature (up to 10 C cooler).
- Easy to install.
- Control the humidity.
- Very low use of water.
The spray ensures cooling and dust suppression, significantly improving animal welfare. Something that is noticeable immediately on growth rates and yield levels. Overall improvements in the indoor climate of animal housing units are obtained, also benefiting you and your staff. The system has been tailormade for agriculture, striking optimum balance between price and performance. The system is easy to install.
Lines: Stainless steel
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Pump: Complete high-pressure pump. Including filters, stearing and gears. Fast and easy installation | <urn:uuid:7a44941c-a1e4-4929-85ee-eaa75f52a66c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.agriculture-xprt.com/products/high-pressure-cooling-system-444972 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00547-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.870131 | 243 | 1.734375 | 2 |
MONTREAL — Quebec's statistics institute says the COVID-19 pandemic dramatically slowed population growth in 2020 and led to a spike in the number of annual deaths.
Institut de la statistique du Quebec published a report today stating the province's population on Jan. 1, 2021, was 8,576,000 — about 19,300 higher than the previous year.
But that growth was far smaller than what was reported in 2019, when Quebec's population grew by 110,000 people compared with 2018.
The institute says the slowdown is linked to the pandemic, which has led to a major drop in international migration to Quebec as well as an increase in annual deaths.
Total immigration to the province in 2020 was 25,000 people, compared to the 46,000 newcomers who moved to Quebec in 2019.
Quebec reported 74,550 deaths in 2020, up 10 per cent from 2019. The province usually reports an annual rise in deaths of about 2 per cent per year, due primarily to an aging population.
This report by The Canadian Press was first published March 18, 2021.
The Canadian Press | <urn:uuid:8c9d46f3-bce0-4e9a-b5dc-5e12ddd51278> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.coastreporter.net/national-news/covid-19-tied-to-stagnant-population-growth-and-rise-in-deaths-in-quebec-report-3555538 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.972219 | 229 | 2.421875 | 2 |
"Biomass for energy makes a major
contribution to climate protection and resource conservation."
2006, World Wildlife Fund - www.panda.org
Facts about biomass combustion and energy recovery
- Wood wastes now recovered for use as biomass fuels in modern energy plants,
are materials that have historically been landfilled or burned in open piles on-site.
- Recovered wood fuel products replace non-renewable fossil fuels such as oil or
natural gas at the industrial energy facilities that use them.
- Wood is a renewable resource, trees absorb carbon dioxide during growth and emit
it during combustion, thereby recycling atmospheric carbon rather adding new greenhouse
gases to our environment.
- All biomass combustion facilities in the United States today must meet strict
environmental standards by carefully controlling air emissions and removing pollutants.
- Most industrial hog fuel users operate cogeneration facilities that produce heat or
steam for internal energy needs as well as electricity that in many cases is supplied
back onto the regional power grid.
- Each ton of urban wood waste used as hog fuel produces approximately 10.4 million
Btu's of energy - that's the equivalent of nearly two barrels of oil and over 3
Megawatts of electricity - enough to power the average U.S. household for nearly 4 months.
At Rainier Wood Recyclers, we are committed to maximizing the benefits
of recycling for the community and the environment. While the biomass energy markets have
driven the development of today's wood recycling industry, we are constantly working to
develop new markets and maximize the value-added in our recycling process. We have
supplied carefully processed wood inputs for pulp and paper production, manufacturing
of composite building materials, and several other applications.
Rainier Wood Recyclers is a major supplier
of hog fuel in Washington State. We produce high quality hog fuel from urban wood wastes. Additionally,
our mobile processing operations, using unique grinding equipment and highly trained
operators can produce high quality hog fuel from land clearing debris.
Call Bob Sargent at 253-350-1291 today to find out more about what we can make for you! | <urn:uuid:fae08528-e01d-415c-8c89-3e692073e4ad> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rainierwoodrecyclers.com/hogfuel.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279169.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00214-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900023 | 445 | 3.125 | 3 |
The WSJ reprots, citing ppl familiar with the matter, that Avenue Capital Group, a hedge fund specializing in distressed debt, is in advanced talks to sell almost 20% of itself to the asset-mgmt arm of Morgan Stanley (MS) in a deal that values Avenue at between $1.5-2bn. Avenue, with assets under mgmt of $12bn, is apparently the latest hedge fund to sell a piece of itself to a Wall Street firm, part of the transformation of hedge funds from small, one-man shows to institutionalized organizations.
The WSJ’s “Heard on the Street” column discusses Wachovia (WB), which now owns Golden West Financial. But the pressure is building on the expansion-hungry bank to demonstrate that it can gracefully digest the gargantuan deal. Early clues will emerge Mon, when Wachovia reports 3Q results. Many investors remain skeptical, despite 5 months of sweet-talking led by CEO G. Kennedy Thompson. One concern: Signs of the deflating real-estate bubble are increasingly evident at
Barron’s Online suggests that no matter how divided Congress is after the Nov election, Democrats and Republicans already agree on one thing: guzzling expensive foreign oil is dangerous business. That's why investors in fuels other than oil, from coal to wind, are bound to be long-term winners unless oil prices fall well below $50 per barrel. Sen. Barack Obama has been an outspoken advocate of turning coal into liquid fuel, writes Kevin Book, of FBR. Committees in the House and Senate support expanding loan guarantees for coal-to-liquid technology. Among the co’s that would benefit if loan guarantees are extended: Rentech (RTK), which develops technology that converts hydrocarbons, coal and natural gas, into alternative fuels. One small co that should benefit, Mr. Book says: Fuel Tech (FTEK), which develops air pollution control technologies that utilities and industrial facilities can use to cut nitrogen oxide emissions. "More emissions requirements means utilities have to retrofit and spend more money, which is good for contractors, good for co’s that make flue gas scrubbers and catalytic converters," Book says.
“Inside Scoop” section reports that Richard C. Perry, the co-founder and president of Perry Capital, bought a total of 33K shares of Sears Holdings (SHLD) for his hedge fund. Mr. Perry is also a director at Sears. Perry Capital's transactions in Sears Holdings shares have accurately predicted the stock's movement in the past, says Ben Silverman, director of research at InsiderScore.com. | <urn:uuid:2fb32b02-49cf-41a3-947c-2b9cb1d615da> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://notablecalls.blogspot.com/2006/10/paperstand_13.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00310-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939945 | 551 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Subramaniam, Siva (2013) Alternative fruit fly control for market access and to enhance IPM in eggplant. Project Report. HAL/HIA.
PDF (Alter fruit fly control for market access and to enhance Integrated Pest Management in Eggplant.)
Article Link(s): http://ausveg.worldsecuresystems.com/intranet/tech...
Eggplant was identified as another fruit fly host commodity where recent changes to interstate market access requirements are causing problems for industry. The proposed research aims to develop a systems approach to meet interstate market access requirements.
|Item Type:||Monograph (Project Report)|
|Corporate Creators:||Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Queensland|
|Business groups:||Horticulture and Forestry Science|
|Subjects:||Plant pests and diseases > Pest control and treatment of diseases. Plant protection|
Plant pests and diseases > Pest control and treatment of diseases. Plant protection > Inspection. Quarantine
Plant culture > Vegetables
|Deposited On:||09 Nov 2011 06:43|
|Last Modified:||16 May 2016 23:31|
Repository Staff Only: item control page | <urn:uuid:c781688c-5005-4e72-b422-c581c9e80fe8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://era.daf.qld.gov.au/2627/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00428-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.793082 | 255 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Osmanabad district is an administrative district in the state of Maharashtra in India. It is in the Marathwada Region of India. The district headquarters are located at Osmanabad, erstwhile Dharashiv. Temple of goddess Tuljabhavani at Tulajapur is famous in India. This primarily rural district occupies an area of 7569 km² of which 241.4 km² is urban area and has a population of 1,660,311 of which 16.96% were urban (as of 2011). | <urn:uuid:95b4c3a4-0747-4e92-9a7c-e917a45b932b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.werelate.org/wiki/Place:Osmanabad%2C_Maharashtra%2C_India | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00571-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952751 | 109 | 1.734375 | 2 |
shown in other instead.
Syncker is a multi-node rendering system that makes it easy to create an immersive CAVE system or a large-scale visualization wall on a computer cluster synchronized over the network in real-time.
Simply connect multiple computers into one high-resolution seamless display using LAN. And it does not matter if these computers are running on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X at the same time, as Syncker works even across different platforms. Moreover, the created virtual environments can be of any monitor configuration, since all viewports are fully configurable.
Syncker allows you to render a world with a fixed FPS (by default, 60 FPS) across different computers synchronized over LAN. These computers can be of two types:
|Master||Master application is the main computer. This engine instance always renders the main viewport, and is not included into monitor configuration set up for CAVE rendering. Instead, its purpose is to perform calculation:
|Slaves||Slave applications are all other applications connected over the network. There can be an unlimited number of slaves connected to one master (as long as network bandwidth allows it). The purpose of such applications is to render all nodes that are seen in their viewports.
To connect computers and synchronize them, the following pipeline is used.
- First, a master is sending broadcast messages that it is available using a UDP protocol.
- All slaves in LAN listen to a default UDP port. Upon receiving this message, they connect to a master via a TCP protocol.
- After the connection was established, both UDP and TCP protocols are used to exchange data between the master and slaves.
- Over UDP protocol non-critical messages are sent. This includes messages on render parameters (for example, ambient color or HDR exposure), position of a player and all nodes that are synchronized. It also includes frame-related information (if the game is enabled, the current frame number, frame duration, a time scale and even the game seed for random number generators).
- Over TCP protocol critical messages are sent. These are messages on creation and deletion of nodes.
There are 3 ways to specify the screen configuration that can be used with Syncker:
- As a grid of monitors, where each slave renders its viewport on the corresponding monitor.
Grid of 4 monitors
As a meshthat is created in a 3rd-party 3D editor.
When preparing a mesh in a 3D editor, the following requirements must be met:
Projection and modelview matrices are automatically calculated on the basis of the camera position and slave name.Screen configuration (the right picture) represented by a mesh (the left picture)
- Each surface of the mesh must correspond to one of the monitors.
- Names of the mesh surfaces should match names of the corresponding slaves.
- Coordinate system of the mesh must be expressed in meters.
- Position and orientation of each monitor must be relative to the camera.
- The pivot point of the mesh must correspond to the camera position.
- As a CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) that is a special case of the meshcreated in a 3rd-party 3D editor (see the previous paragraph).
The pivot point of such mesh is the origin of coordinates for the head position.
- As a projectiononto a curved screen.
Each slave projects its viewport onto the projection screen
Preparing Your Environment
It is recommended to use at least 1 Gb LAN. Otherwise, you may experience network lags (see Troubleshooting section).
All application you will use need to have access to all Unigine files and project data. So, you should copy your project onto all computers. If some nodes will be missing in the world file on the local computer, they will not be rendered.
To run Syncker to synchronize Unigine-based applications over LAN, you can choose one of two ways:
|How To Run||What Can be Run||What Is the Profit||Comments|
|On the application start-up||Any Unigine project||Fast||This high-level method allows running Syncker out-of-the-box. You can load any samples, demos or your projects without implementing any initialization or synchronization logic for Syncker by using the following scripts:
UnigineEditor (its Unigine-native GUI) functionality will not be available in both the master and slave applications.
|Via a script||Syncker samples in SDK or coded projects||Performance-efficient||The low-level method allows specifying which nodes and materials need to be synchronized. However, in this case, initialization and synchronization logic for Syncker must be implemented in your custom script. To avoid network lags especially for big projects, it is a preferred variant. Examples can be found under the <Unigine SDK>/data/samples/syncker/ folder.|
To run the high-level variant of Syncker directly on start-up:
- Run all slave applications that will be synchronized with the master.
For that, specify the following options on the slave application start-up to override the default editor script with the Syncker script for slaves:The editor_reload console command is required to load the Syncker script for slaves.
main_x64 -data_path "../" -editor_script "core/systems/syncker/syncker_slave.cpp" -console_command "editor_reload"
---- Syncker::Slave ---- Name: unknown UDP: 8890 TCP: 8891
- Run a master Unigine application on the main computer with the default editor script overridden by the Syncker script for master.
For that, specify the following options on the master application start-up:The editor_reload console command is required to load the Syncker script for the master.
main_x64 -data_path "../" -editor_script "core/systems/syncker/syncker_master.cpp" -console_command "world_load unigine_project && editor_reload"
---- Syncker::Master ---- Address: 192.168.0.255 UDP: 8890 TCP: 8891
- To change the network broadcast address of the master, type the following console command:
Do not confuse with the IP-address of the computer on which the master application is run.And then reload the Syncker script for the master as follows:
master_address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxxAfter that, in the console, you will see messages that slaves have connected:
editor_reloadIn the console of the connected slaves, you will see the following:
Connection from "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" "unknown" accepted in 0.00 seconds
Connection to "xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx" accepted in 0.00 seconds
If any slaves are added after the Syncker master script was loaded (or slave names or addresses were changed), you will need to reload the master script via the console by using the editor_reload command.
You can open new worlds or quit from the current one in the master application and slaves will automatically do the same.
Changing Screen Configuration
By default all computers will be showing the same screen as a master computer does. The master viewport cannot be changed, it is used purely to control the world.
To set the screen configuration on slave computers used for rendering, all you need to do is specify your monitors setup for the master and all slaves (it is required that the same configuration is set for all computers connected via Syncker). After that, you can choose the viewport each slave computer shows, as well as compensate for the monitor angle.
- First of all, set a monitor configuration on the master application via the following console command. The first argument specifies the number of monitors in a row and the second one specifies the number of columns. (Do not count in a master computer as its screen is non-configurable!)
For example, this command specifies that there are 5 slave monitors standing in a row.
master_grid 5 1
- Set the same configuration for all slaves. This can be done in two ways. To specify it from master application for all slaves at once:
This would run the corresponding console command on all slaves.
master_run slave_grid 5 1
You can also run this console command in a usual way - by opening consoles on each slave computer and typing the following:
slave_grid 5 1
- Now you need to specify what each slave computer will show on its monitor by typing the following command into the console. For example, here is the slave that is the 1st in a row:
And here is a monitor in the middle (the 3rd monitor in the row):
slave_view 0 0And here is a slave that is the 5th in a row:
slave_view 2 0If we'd had two rows of monitors (grid 5x2), the computer in the right bottom would have slave_view configuration set to 4 1.
slave_view 4 0
- You can check the viewport configuration of all slaves by the typing the master computer the following console command:
It will output the configuration of all slave monitors.
- You can also specify if a slave monitor stands at a certain angle to other monitors. To set an angle for all slaves at once, type the following console command on the master computer:
You can also set an angle for each slave application individually via its console:
master_angle 20The angles are specified in degrees.
You cannot compensate for both vertical and horizontal turn of monitors. The engine automatically sets the compensation angle specified for a horizontal row or a vertical column depending on the number of monitors. If there are more monitors in a row (for example, 5 in a row and 2 columns), then the angle will be applied for horizontal compensation. If there are more monitors in a column (for example, 2 in a row and 6 columns), then the angle will be applied for vertical compensation.
- In addition to a monitor turning angle, it is also possible to compensate for a monitor frame around the screen (in order for objects not to teleport across the screens). To compensate for a bezel on all slave computers at once, type the following console command:
This would specify that the screen of all computers should be rendered smaller horizontally (there is a frame between computers standing is a row). The specified value is range [0;1], where:
master_bezel 0.2 0
You can also set a bezel for each slave application individually via its console:
- 0 is no bezel compensation
- 1 is a half-screen size bezel
master_bezel 0 0.2
slave_bezel 0 0.2
Synchronizing Nodes in the World
If you run a high-level version of Syncker via the interface or on the start-up, you can see that only camera position is synchronized by default. To synchronize nodes and their materials within a certain radius, run the following command in the master application:
master_radius 10 master_materials 15
master_radius command specifies that all nodes loaded from a
*.world file should be synchronized if they inside a 10-unit radius around the player. Both their position and orientation will be synchronized.
It is not possible to synchronize nodes created dynamically via a script or added in the editor.
master_materials command specifies that states and parameters of materials that get inside a 15-unit radius around the player are synchronized to a master computer.
It is not possible to synchronize materials created in the editor in run time and not loaded from a material library on the disk.
The method described above is good enough to try out Syncker features. It is not performance-friendly since it synchronizes all nodes and all materials each frame. When a Syncker is used for a release version of the project, run it via a script and synchronize nodes and materials selectively, only on demand.
If the network latency is too large despite 1Gb bandwidth or higher, it can be caused by a 100 Mb or 10 Mb device connected to a network. Data exchange rate will drop down to the maximum rate supported by such device, slowing down Syncker connection speed.
- Some 100 Mb or 10 Mb devices can have a working network interface when they are turned off.
- It is also possible that when turned off, 1 Gb devices have a network interface working at 100 Mb rate, which will slow down connection in LAN.
If you have a source SDK, you can use a simple and useful tool to monitor the network messages exchange speed. It is server.usc found in source/tools/Interpreter/scripts/network/. | <urn:uuid:0b117efa-03ea-49b3-a21f-2a03b851c31f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://developer.unigine.com/en/docs/2.3/code/uniginescript/scripts/systems/unigine_syncker/?rlang=cpp | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573193.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818094131-20220818124131-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.850932 | 2,703 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Is your kid bored during the summer holidays? Are you hunting for something to help your kid get away from the TV to do something creative and constructive? Check out these simple paper plate craft ideas for kids that will help to explore their creative side.
Paper Plate Crafts for Kids To Make:
Paper plates can be used for many craft activities, other than for the regular party purposes. Here are 10 best ways to put old paper plates to use and keep your kid busy too!
1. Paper Plate Tags:
A simple yet effective trick to put old paper plates to use is to simply hand over them to your kid. Ask him to trace the outline of some cool-shaped gift tags using a stencil. Then help your kid cut along the lines and create a small hole at one of the edges to pass a ribbon. Finally, ask your kid to decorate these tags as per his ideas and creativity.
[ Read: Paper Flower Making For Kids ]
2. Simple Paper Plate Painting:
There are instances when you fall
3. Paper Plate Masks:
Paper plate masks are fun and easy to make. Ask your kid to pick out his choice of animal and draw it out on the paper plate. Then, if he’s old enough, ask him to cut out spaces for eyes and the mouth, and then paint it appropriately. Lastly, create 2 tiny holes at each horizontal end and pass an elastic thread to secure.
[ Read: Halloween Crafts ]
4. Cartoon-Style Cut-Outs:
Another cool trick to try out is to first draw and paint a simple object (a tree or a vegetable) on a paper plate and then cut it out. Now, using the cut out as a reference, trace the outline on a sheet of white paper, and cut out, leaving a 1 cm extra gap, such that the white cut out is a bit larger than the original. Now stick the white cut out below the original one, and allow it to dry!
5. Paper Plate Scrapbook Idea:
Here’s another cool idea to put old paper plates to use. Cut out equal sized squares from the middle flat portion of each paper plate. Tie them together using a glittery ribbon. This makes for a cool and easy scrapbook. Now ask your kid to let his imagination run wild and create his own masterpiece in this scrapbook.
6. Paper Plate Hand Painting:
Hand painting doesn’t necessarily have to be on white papers, you can also get your kid to do them on paper plates. Spread out paper plates on a clean area and allow your kid to experiment with different colors and variations with hand and thumb paintings on them.
[ Read: Tin Can Crafts For Kids ]
7. Paper Plate Frame:
There’s nothing better than this simple trick to put paper plates to use- cut out the middle portion of the plate such that only a ring of paper is left behind. Now ask your kid to paint and decorate this frame, and once done, you can stick a cute family picture behind it and hang it in your kid’s room.
8. Button Heart on Paper Plate:
Trace out a shape of a heart on a paper plate and hand over some old, colourful buttons to your kid and ask him to stick them within the heart. You can also get your kid to decorate it using glitter or sequins. See your kid go bonkers with this activity.
9. Paper Plate Card:
Trace a cool shape on a square cut out from a paper plate and cut it out. Now stick another colored paper behind this cut out, and ask your kid to decorate it to create a nice greeting card.
10. Paper Plate Decorations:
You can also get your kid to cut out different shapes from a simple paper plate and color it as per his choice. These can be used for decorations and other craft purposes and is very easy to make.
We hope that you enjoy these simply fabulous craft ideas for kids using paper plates. Being with your child for a while and participating in the activity will kick start his enthusiasm better. Enjoy the summer vacation along with your little one. Bring out the inner child inside you!
Don’t forget to share if you have any other ideas for simple paper plate crafts for kids with us.
- Top 10 Tin Can Craft Ideas For Kids
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|Criteria||i, ii, iii, iv, v, vi|
|Designated||1987 (11th session)|
"Mogao Caves" in Chinese characters
The Mogao Caves (Chinese: 莫高窟; pinyin: Mògāo kū; Wade–Giles: Mo4-kao1 k'u1), also known as the Thousand Buddha Grottoes (Chinese: 千佛洞; pinyin: qiān fó dòng), form a system of 492 temples 25 km (16 mi) southeast of the center of Dunhuang, an oasis strategically located at a religious and cultural crossroads on the Silk Road, in Gansu province, China. The caves may also be known as the Dunhuang Caves, however, this term is also used as a collective term to include other Buddhist cave sites in the Dunhuang area, such as the Western Thousand Buddha Caves, and the Yulin Caves farther away. The caves contain some of the finest examples of Buddhist art spanning a period of 1,000 years. The first caves were dug out in 366 AD as places of Buddhist meditation and worship. The Mogao Caves are the best known of the Chinese Buddhist grottoes and, along with Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, are one of the three famous ancient Buddhist sculptural sites of China.
An important cache of documents was discovered in 1900 in the so-called "Library Cave," which had been walled-up in the 11th century. The content of the library was dispersed around the world, and the largest collections are now found in Beijing, London, Paris and Berlin, and the International Dunhuang Project exists to coordinate and collect scholarly work on the Dunhuang manuscripts and other material. The caves themselves are now a popular tourist destination, with a number open for visiting.
Dunhuang was established as a frontier garrison outpost by the Han Dynasty Emperor Wudi to protect against the Xiongnu in 111 BC. It also became an important gateway to the West, a centre of commerce along the Silk Road, as well as a meeting place of various people and religions such as Buddhism.
The construction of the Mogao Caves near Dunhuang is generally taken to have begun sometime in the fourth century AD. According to a book written during the reign of Tang Empress Wu, Fokan Ji (佛龕記, An Account of Buddhist Shrines) by Li Junxiu (李君修), a Buddhist monk named Lè Zūn (樂尊, which may also be pronounced Yuezun) had a vision of a thousand Buddhas bathed in golden light at the site in 366 AD, inspiring him to build a cave here. The story is also found in other sources, such as in inscriptions on a stele in cave 332; an earlier date of 353 however was given in another document, Shazhou Tujing (沙州土鏡, Geography of Shazhou). He was later joined by a second monk Faliang (法良), and the site gradually grew, by the time of the Northern Liang a small community of monks had formed at the site. Members of the ruling family of Northern Wei and Northern Zhou constructed many caves here, and it flourished in the short-lived Sui Dynasty. By the Tang Dynasty, the number of caves had reached over a thousand.
The caves initially served only as a place of meditation for hermit monks, but developed to serve the monasteries that sprang up nearby in the early periods, and by the Sui and Tang dynasties, Mogao Caves had become a place of worship and pilgrimage for the public. From the 4th until the 14th century, caves were constructed by monks to serve as shrines with funds from donors. These caves were elaborately painted, the cave paintings and architecture serving as aids to meditation, as visual representations of the quest for enlightenment, as mnemonic devices, and as teaching tools to inform those illiterate about Buddhist beliefs and stories. The major caves were sponsored by patrons such as important clergy, local ruling elite, foreign dignitaries, as well as Chinese emperors. Other caves may have been funded by merchants, military officers, and other local people such as women's groups.
During the Tang Dynasty, Dunhuang became the main hub of commerce of the Silk Road and a major religious centre. A large number of the caves were constructed at Mogao during this era, including the two large statues of Buddha at the site, the largest one constructed in 695 following an edict a year earlier by Tang Empress Wu Zetian to build giant statues across the country. The site escaped the persecution of Buddhists ordered by Emperor Wuzong in 845 as it was then under Tibetan control. As a frontier town, Dunhuang had been occupied at various times by other non-Han Chinese people. After the Tang Dynasty, the site went into a gradual decline, and construction of new caves ceased entirely after the Yuan Dynasty. By then Islam had conquered much of Central Asia, and the Silk Road declined in importance when trading via sea-routes began to dominate Chinese trade with the outside world. During the Ming Dynasty, the Silk Road was finally officially abandoned, and Dunhuang slowly became depopulated and largely forgotten by the outside world. Most of the Mogao caves were abandoned; the site, however, was still a place of pilgrimage and was used as a place of worship by local people at the beginning of the twentieth century when there was renewed interest in the site.
Discovery and revival
During late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, Western explorers began to show interest in the ancient Silk Road and the lost cities of Central Asia, and those who passed through Dunhuang noted the murals, sculptures, and artifacts such as the Stele of Sulaiman at Mogao. The biggest discovery, however, came from a Chinese Taoist named Wang Yuanlu who appointed himself guardian of some of these temples around the turn of the century.
Some of the caves had by then been blocked by sand, and Wang set about clearing away the sand and made an attempt at repairing the site. In one such cave, on 25 June 1900, Wang discovered a walled up area behind one side of a corridor leading to a main cave. Behind the wall was a small cave stuffed with an enormous hoard of manuscripts. In the next few years, Wang took some manuscripts to show to various officials who expressed varying level of interest, but in 1904 Wang re-sealed the cave following an order by the governor of Gansu.
Words of Wang's discovery drew the attention of a joint British/Indian group led by Hungarian archaeologist Aurel Stein who was on an archaeological expedition in the area in 1907. Stein negotiated with Wang to allow him to remove a significant number of manuscripts as well as the finest paintings and textiles for a fee. He was followed by a French expedition under Paul Pelliot who acquired many thousands of items in 1908, and then by a Japanese expedition under Otani Kozui in 1911 and a Russian expedition under Sergei F. Oldenburg in 1914. A well-known scholar Luo Zhenyu edited some of the manuscripts Pelliot acquired into a volume which was then published in 1909 as "Manuscripts of the Dunhuang Caves" (敦煌石室遺書).
Stein and Pelliot provoked much interest in the West about the Dunhuang Caves; however, there was initially little interest in official circles in China. Concerned that the remaining manuscripts might be lost, Luo Zhenyu and others persuaded the Ministry of Education to recover the rest of the manuscripts to be sent to Peking (Beijing) in 1910. However, not all the remaining manuscripts were taken to Peking, and of those retrieved, some were then stolen. Some of the caves were damaged and vandalized by White Russian soldiers when they were used by the local authority in 1921 to house Russian soldiers fleeing the civil war following the Russian Revolution. In 1924, American explorer Langdon Warner removed a number of murals as well as a statue from some of the caves. In 1939 Kuomingtang soldiers stationed at Dunhuang caused some damage to the murals and statues at the site.
The situation improved in 1941 when, following a visit by Wu Zuoren to the site the previous year, the painter Zhang Daqian arrived at the caves with a small team of assistants and stayed for two and a half years to repair and copy the murals. He exhibited and published the copies of the murals in 1943, which helped to publicize and give much prominence to the art of Dunhuang within China. Historian Xiang Da then persuaded Yu Youren, a prominent member of the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), to set up an institution, the Research Institute of Dunhuang Art (which later became the Dunhuang Academy), at Mogao in 1944 to look after the site and its contents. In 1956, the first Premier of the People's Republic of China, Zhou Enlai, took a personal interest in the caves and sanctioned a grant to repair and protect the site; and in 1961, the Mogao Caves were declared to be a specially protected historical monument by the State Council, and large-scale renovation work at Mogao began soon afterwards. The site escaped the widespread damage caused to many religious sites during the Cultural Revolution.
Today, the site is the subject of an ongoing archaeological project. The Mogao Caves became one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1987. From 1988 to 1995 a further 248 caves were discovered to the North of the 487 caves known since the early 1900s.
The Library Cave
The cave no. 17 discovered by Wang Yuanlu came to be known as the Library Cave. It is sited off the entrance leading to cave no.16, and was originally used as a memorial cave for a local monk Hongbian on his death in 862. Hongbian, from a wealthy Wu family, was responsible for the construction of cave 16, and the Library Cave may have been used as his retreat in his lifetime. The cave originally contained his statue which was moved to another cave when it was used to keep manuscripts, some of which bear Hongbian's seal. Large number of documents dating from 406 to 1002 were found in the cave, heaped up in closely packed layers of bundles of scrolls. In addition to the 1,100 of bundles of scrolls, there were also over 15,000 paper books. The Library Cave also contained textiles such as banners, numerous damaged figurines of Buddhas, and other Buddhist paraphernalia. According to Stein who was the first to describe the cave in its original state:
Heaped up in layers, but without any order, there appeared in the dim light of the priest's little lamp a solid mass of manuscript bundles rising to a height of nearly ten feet, and filling, as subsequent measurement showed, close on 500 cubic feet. The area left clear within the room was just sufficient for two people to stand in.— Aurel Stein, Ruins of Desert Cathay: Vol. II
The Library Cave was walled off sometime early in the 11th century. A number of theories have been proposed as the reason for sealing the caves. Stein first proposed that the cave had become a waste repository for venerable, damaged and used manuscripts and hallowed paraphernalia and then sealed perhaps when the place came under threat. Following this interpretation some suggested that the handwritten manuscripts of the Tripitaka became obsolete when printing became widespread, the older manuscripts were therefore stored away. Another suggestion is that the cave was simply used as a book storehouse for documents which accumulated over a century and a half, then sealed up when it became full. Others, such as Pelliot, suggested an alternative scenario, that the monks hurriedly hid the documents in advance of an attack by invaders, perhaps when Xi Xia invaded in 1035. This theory was proposed in light of the absence of documents from Xi Xia and the disordered state in which Pelliot found the room (perhaps a misinterpretation because unbeknownst to him the room was disturbed by Stein months before). Another theory posits that the items were from a monastic library and hidden due to threats from Muslims who were moving eastward. This theory proposes that the monks of a nearby monastery heard about the fall of the Buddhist kingdom of Khotan to Karakhanids invaders from Kashgar in 1006 and the destruction it caused, so they sealed their library to avoid it being destroyed. The latest date recorded in the documents found in the cave is generally accepted to be 1002, and although other dates have been suggested, the cave was likely to have been sealed not long after that date.
The manuscripts from the Library Cave date from fifth century until early eleventh century when it was sealed. Up to 50,000 manuscripts may have been kept there, one of the greatest treasure troves of ancient documents found. While most of them are in Chinese, a large number of documents are in various other languages such as Tibetan, Uigur, Sanskrit, and Sogdian, including the then little-known Khotanese. They may be old hemp paper scrolls in Chinese and many other languages, Tibetan pothis, and paintings on hemp, silk or paper. The subject matter of the great majority of the scrolls is Buddhist in nature, but it also covers a diverse material. Along with the expected Buddhist canonical works are original commentaries, apocryphal works, workbooks, books of prayers, Confucian works, Taoist works, Nestorian Christian works, works from the Chinese government, administrative documents, anthologies, glossaries, dictionaries, and calligraphic exercises.
Many of the manuscripts were previously unknown or thought lost, and the manuscripts provide a unique insight into the religious and secular matters of Northern China as well as other Central Asian kingdoms from the early periods up to the Tang and early Song Dynasty. The manuscripts found in the Library Cave include the earliest dated printed book, the Diamond Sutra from 868, which was first translated from Sanskrit into Chinese in the fourth century. These scrolls also include manuscripts that ranged from the Nestorian Jesus Sutras to the Dunhuang Go Manual and ancient music scores, as well as the image of the Chinese astronomy Dunhuang map. These scrolls chronicle the development of Buddhism in China, record the political and cultural life of the time, and provide documentation of mundane secular matters that gives a rare glimpse into the lives of ordinary people of these eras.
The manuscripts were dispersed all over the world in the aftermath of the discovery. Stein's acquisition was split between Britain and India because his expedition was funded by both countries. Stein had the first pick and he was able to collect around 7,000 complete manuscripts and 6,000 fragments for which he paid £130, although these include many duplicate copies of the Diamond and Lotus Sutras. Pelliot took almost 10,000 documents for the equivalent of £90, but, unlike Stein, Pelliot was a trained sinologist literate in Chinese, and he was allowed to examine the manuscripts freely, so he was able to pick a better selection of documents than Stein. Pelliot was interested in the more unusual and exotic of the Dunhuang manuscripts, such as those dealing with the administration and financing of the monastery and associated lay men's groups. Many of these manuscripts survived only because they formed a type of palimpsest whereby papers were reused and Buddhist texts were written on the opposite side of the paper. Hundreds more of the manuscripts were sold by Wang to Otani Kozui and Sergei Oldenburg. Efforts are now underway to reconstitute the Library Cave manuscripts digitally, and they are now available as part of International Dunhuang Project.
The art of Dunhuang covers more than ten major genres, such as architecture, stucco sculpture, wall paintings, silk paintings, calligraphy, woodblock printing, embroidery, literature, music and dance, and popular entertainment.
The caves are examples of rock-cut architecture, but unlike Longmen Grottoes and Yungang Grottoes, the local rock is a rather soft gravel conglomerate that is not suitable for either sculpture or elaborate architectural details. Many of the early caves were developed from earlier Buddhist rock-cut chaitya styles seen in places such as the Ajanta Caves in India, with a square-sectioned central column, with sculpture in niches, representing the stupa round which worshippers may circumambulate (parikrama) and gain blessings. Others are hall caves influenced by traditional Chinese and Buddhist temple architecture. These caves may have a truncated pyramidal ceiling sometimes painted to resemble a tent, or they may have a flat or gabled ceiling that imitates traditional buildings. Some of the caves used for meditation are adaptations of the Indian vihara (monastery) cave plan and contain side-chambers just large enough for one person to sit in.
Many of the caves originally had wooden porches or fore-temples built out from the cliff, but most of these have decayed or been lost in other ways, with only five remaining, the two earliest of which are rare surviving examples of Song dynasty wooden architecture. The most prominent wooden building at the site, first built during the Tang dynasty, housed a large Buddha and was originally 4 storeys high, but it has been repaired at least 5 times and is no longer the original structure. A storey was added between 874-885, then repaired in the Guiyijun period, and two further storeys were added during a restoration in 1898. Two further restorations were carried out in the 20th century, and the building is now a 9-storey structure.
The murals in the caves date from a period of over a thousand years, from the 5th to the 14th century, and many earlier ones were repainted at later points within the period. The murals are extensive, covering an area of 490,000 square feet (46,000 square metres). The most fully painted caves have paintings all over the walls and ceilings, with geometrical or plant decoration filling the spaces not taken by figurative images, which are above all of the Buddha. Sculpture is also brightly painted. The murals are valued for the scale and richness of content as well as their artistry. Buddhist subjects are most common, however some have traditional mythical subjects and portraits of patrons. These murals document the changing styles of Buddhist art in China for nearly a thousand years. The artistry of the murals reached its apogee during the Tang period, and the quality of the work dropped after the tenth century.
Early murals showed a strong Indian and Central Asian influence in the painting techniques used, the composition and style of the paintings as well as costumes worn by the figures, but a distinct Dunhuang style began to emerge during Northern Wei Dynasty. Motifs of Chinese, Central Asian and Indian origin may be found in a single cave, and Chinese elements increased during the Western Wei period.
A common motif in many caves is the areas entirely covered by rows of small seated Buddha figures, after which this and other "Thousand Buddhas Caves" are named. These small Buddhas were drawn using stencils so that identical figures may be replicated. Flying apsaras, or celestial beings may be depicted in the ceiling or above the Buddhas, and figures of donors may be shown along the bottom of the walls. The paintings often depict jataka tales which are stories of the life of Buddha, or avadana which are parables of the doctrine of karma.
Bodhisattvas started appearing during the Northern Zhou period, with Avalokitesvara (Guanyin), which was originally male but acquired female characteristics later, the most popular. Most caves show Mahayana and Sravakayana (Theravada or Hinayana) influences, although Mahayana Buddhism became the dominant form during the Sui Dynasty. An innovation of the Sui-Tang period is the visual representation of the sutra – Mahayana Buddhist teachings transformed into large complete and detailed narrative paintings. One of the central features of Tang art in Mogao is the representation of the paradise of the Pure Land, indicating the increasing popularity of this school of Mahayana Buddhism in the Tang era. The iconography of Tantric Buddhism, such as the eleven-headed or thousand-armed Avalokitesvara, also started to appear in Mogao wall paintings during the Tang period – it became popular during the Tibetan occupation of Dunhuang and the subsequent periods, especially during the Yuan dynasty.
While Buddhist art is stylistically distinct from secular art, the style of paintings in the caves often reflects that of contemporary secular painting (insofar as we know of this), especially those depicting secular scenes. Donor figures are generally depicted in secular style, and may include secular events associated with them. For example, scenes depicting General Zhang Yichao, who ruled over Dunhuang in a quasi-autonomous manner during the Late Tang period, include a commemoration of his victory over the Tibetans in 848. The portraits of donors increased in size during the period ruled by the Cao family who succeeded the Zhang family. The Caos formed alliances with the Uyghurs (Uyghur Gansu Kingdom and Kingdom of Qocho) and the Saka Kingdom of Khotan and their portraits are featured prominently in some of the caves.
Many of the figures have darkened due to oxidation of the lead-based pigments from exposure to air and light. Many early figures in the murals in Dunhuang also used painting techniques originated from India where shading was applied to achieve a 3-dimensional or chiaroscuro effect. However, the darkening of the paint used in shading over time resulted in heavy outlines which is not what the painters had originally intended. This shading technique is unique to Dunhuang in East Asia at this period as such shading on human faces was generally not done in Chinese paintings until much later when there were influences from European paintings. Another difference from traditional Chinese painting is the presence of figures that are semi-nude, occasionally fully nude, as figures are generally fully clothed in Chinese paintings. Many of the murals have been repaired or plastered over and repainted over the centuries, and older murals may be seen where sections of later paintings had been removed.
There are around 2,400 surviving clay sculptures at Mogao. These were first constructed on a wooden frame, padded with reed, then modelled in clay stucco, and finished with paint. The giant statues however have a stone core. The Buddha is generally shown as the central statue, often attended by boddhisattvas, heavenly kings, devas, and apsaras, along with yaksas and other mythical creatures.
The early figures are relatively simple and mainly of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The Buddhas of Northern Wei may have two attendant Bodhisattvas, and two further disciples were added in Northern Zhou, forming a group of five. Figures from the Sui and Tang periods may be present as larger groups of seven or nine, and some showed large-scale parinirvana scene with groups of mourners. The early sculptures were based on Indian and Central Asian prototypes, with some in the Greco-Indian style of Gandhara. Over time the sculptures showed more Chinese elements and became gradually sinicized.
The two giant statues represent Maitreya Buddha. The earlier and larger one in cave 96, at 35.5 m high, was constructed in 695 under the edicts from Empress Wu Zetian who instructed the constructions of monasteries in 689 and giant statues in 694. The smaller one is 27 m tall and was constructed in 713-41. The larger northern giant Buddha was damaged in an earthquake and had been repaired and restored multiple times, consequently its clothing, colour and gestures had been changed and only the head retains its original Early Tang appearance. The southern statue however is largely in its original form apart for its right hand. The larger Buddha is housed in a prominent wooden 9-storey structure.
One type of caves constructed during the Tibetan era is the Nirvana Cave, which features a large reclining Buddha that covers the entire length of the hall. Figures of mourners in murals or in sculptural forms are also depicted along the length of the hall behind the Buddha. The Buddha figure in cave 158 measures 15.6 m long.
The original function of the "Library Cave" was as a shrine commemorating Hong Bian, the 9th-century monk. His portrait statue, unusual here and among all surviving works in China, was removed to another spot when the cave was sealed up in the 11th century, but has been returned now the library has been removed. There is also a stone stele describing his life, and the wall behind the statue is painted with attendant figure; such blending of painted sculpture and wall paintings into a single composition is very common at the site.
Paintings on silk and paper
Before the discovery in the Library Cave, original paintings from the Tang dynasty, a formative period in Chinese art, were very rare, and most of the surviving evidence was from copies made in later periods. Over a thousand paintings on silk, banners, and embroideries were found in the Library Cave, none apparently dating before the late 7th century. The great majority of the paintings are anonymous, but many are of high quality, especially from the Tang. Most are sutra paintings, images of Buddha, and narrative paintings. The paintings show something of the contemporary Chinese style of the capital Chang'an, but many also reflect Indian, Tibetan and Uighur painting styles.
There are brush paintings in ink alone, some in just two colours, as well as many in full colour. Most common are single figures, and most paintings were probably donated by an individual, who is often portrayed on a diminutive scale. The donor figures become notably more elaborate in dress by the 10th century.
The Library Cave is equally important as a source of rare early images and texts produced by woodblock printing, including the famous Diamond Sutra, the earliest printed book to survive. Other printed images were made to be hung, often with text below containing prayers and sometimes a dedication by the pious commissioner; at least two prints were commissioned by Cao Yuanzhong, Imperial Commissioner at Dunhuang in 947. Many of the images have colour added by hand to the printed outline. Several sheets contain repeated impressions of the same block with a Buddha image. Possibly these reflect stock for cutting when sold to pilgrims, but inscriptions in some examples show these were also printed out at different times by an individual as a devotion to acquire merit. It is unclear whether such people owned their own blocks, or visited a monastery to have the images printed.
The textiles found in the Library Cave include silk banners, altar hangings, wrappings for manuscripts, and monks' apparel (kāṣāya). The monks normally used fabrics consisting of a patchwork of different scraps of cloth as a sign of humility; these therefore provide valuable insights into the various type of silk cloth and embroidery available at the time. Silk banners were used to adorn the cliff-face at the caves during festivals, and these are painted and may be embroidered. Valances used to decorate altars and temples had a horizontal strip at the top, from which hung streamers made from strips of different cloths ending in a V that look like a modern male necktie.
The caves were cut into the side of a cliff which is close to two kilometers long. At its height, during the Tang Dynasty, there were more than a thousands caves, but over time many of the caves were lost, including the earliest caves. 735 caves currently exist in Mogao; the best-known ones are the 487 caves located in the southern section of the cliff which are places of pilgrimage and worship. 248 caves have also been found to the north which were living quarters, meditation chambers, and burial sites for the monks. The caves at the southern section are decorated, while those at the northern section are mostly plain.
The caves are clustered together according to their era, with new caves from a new dynasty being constructed in different part of the cliff. From the murals, sculptures, and other objects found in the caves, the dates of around five hundred caves have been determined. Following is a list of the caves by era, compiled in the 1980s (more have been identified since):
- Sixteen Kingdoms (366-439) - 7 caves, the oldest dated to Northern Liang period.
- Northern Wei (439-534) and Western Wei (535-556) - 10 from each phase
- Northern Zhou (557-580) - 15 caves
- Sui Dynasty (581-618) - 70 caves
- Early Tang (618- 704) - 44 caves
- High Tang (705-780) - 80 caves
- Middle Tang (781-847) - 44 caves (This era in Dunhuang is also known as the Tibetan period because Dunhuang was then under Tibetan occupation.)
- Late Tang (848-906) - 60 caves (This and the subsequent periods until the Western Xia period are also known collectively as the Guiyijun period (歸義軍, Return to Righteousness Army, 848-1036) when Dunhuang was ruled by the Zhang and Cao families.)
- The Five Dynasty (907-960) - 32 caves
- Song Dynasty (960-1035)- 43 caves
- Western Xia (1036–1226) - 82 caves
- Yuan Dynasty (1227–1368) - 10 caves
The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, complete view, c. 700
The travel of Zhang Qian to the West, details of mural from cave 323, 618-712 AD
Young female Buddhist donors. Cave 98, Five Dynasties era.
Reclining Buddha in cave 148, second largest reclining figure in Mogao. High Tang period.
A fresco shows the style of architecture of the T'ang dynasty.
A fresco shows the T'ang style architecture in the Buddhist land.
- List of World Heritage Sites in China
- Buddhism in China
- International Dunhuang Project
- Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
- Stele of Sulaiman
- Irk Bitig
- Dunhuang Go Manual
- Silk Road
- Three hares
- Bezeklik Thousand Buddha Caves
- Tianlongshan Grottoes
- Kizil Caves
- Kumtura Thousand Buddha Caves
- Tang performance arts in Dunhuang
- "Mogao Caves". UNESCO. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- Zhang Wengin
- Makinen, Julie (September 27, 2014) "Getty Institute helps save China's Mogao Grottoes from tourism's impact" Los Angeles Times
- Fokan Ji 《佛龕記》 Original text: 莫高窟者厥，秦建元二年，有沙门乐僔，戒行清忠，执心恬静。当杖锡林野，行至此山，忽见金光，状有千佛。□□□□□，造窟一龛。
- Le Huu Phuoc (2010). Buddhist Architecture. Grafikol. ISBN 978-0-9844043-0-8.
- "Dunhuang – Mogao Caves". Retrieved 2007-07-23.
- Xiuqing Yang (2007). Dunhuang Sees Great Changes Over the Years. China Intercontinental Press. ISBN 7-5085-0916-1.
- Tan, Chung (1994). Dunhuang art: through the eyes of Duan Wenjie. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. ISBN 81-7017-313-2.
- Wenjie Duan (1 January 1994). Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie. Abhinav Publications. p. 52. ISBN 978-81-7017-313-7.
- "Chinese Exploration and Excavations in Chinese Central Asia". International Dunhuang Project. Retrieved 2007-08-07.
- Aurel Stein, Serindia vol. II pg. 801-802
- Dunhuang shi shi yi shu
- 杨秀清 Xiuqing Yang (2006). 风雨敦煌话沧桑: 历经劫难的莫高窟 Feng yu Dunhuang hua cang sang: li jing jie nan de Mogao ku. 五洲传播出版社. pp. 158–. ISBN 978-7-5085-0916-7.
- Peter Hopkirk (2006). Foreign Devils on the Silk Road. John Murray. ISBN 978-0-7195-6448-2.
- Whitfield, Roderick, Susan Whitfield, and Neville Agnew (2000). Cave Temples of Dunhuang: Art and History on the Silk Road. The British Library. p. 37. ISBN 0-7123-4697-X.
- The Epochal Significance in Zhang Daqian's Copies of Dunhuang Fresco
- Tan, Chung (1994). Dunhuang art: through the eyes of Duan Wenjie. Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts. p. 223. ISBN 81-7017-313-2.
- "The International Dunhuang Project". International Dunhuang Project. Retrieved 2007-08-05.
- Brief report on both the southern and northern caves
- Murray, S. (2009). The library: An illustrated history. Chicago, IL: Skyhorse Publishing, (pp. 49).
- Opening of the hidden chapel M. Aurel Stein, Ruins of Desert Cathay: Vol II
- Akira, Fujieda, "The Tun-Huan Manuscripts", in Essays on the sources for Chinese history (1973). edited by Donald D. Leslie, Colin Mackerras, and Wang Gungwu. Australian National University, ISBN 0-87249-329-6
- The Provenance and Character of the Dunhuang Documents
- Rong, The Nature of the Dunhuang Library Cave and the Reasons for its Sealing
- Whitfield, Susan (2004). The Silk Road: Trade, Travel, War and Faith. British Library, Serindia Publications. ISBN 978-1-932476-13-2.
- Whitfield, Roderick, Susan Whitfield, and Neville Agnew. "Cave Temples of Dunhuang: Art and History on the Silk Road" (2000). The British Library. ISBN 0-7123-4697-X
- Whitfield and Farrer, pp 13-14
- Fan Jinshi (2010). The Caves of Dunhuang. The Dunhuang Academy. p. 124. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6.
- Yang Xin, Rihard M. Branhart, Nie Chongzheng, James Cahill, Lang Shaojun, Wu Hung. Three Thousands Years of Chinese Paintings. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-07013-2.
- Fan Jinshi (2010). The Caves of Dunhuang. The Dunhuang Academy. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6.
- "The Art of Dunhuang". Dunhuang Research Academy.
- Wenjie Duan (1 January 1994). Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie. Abhinav Publications. p. 95. ISBN 978-81-7017-313-7.
- Fan Jinshi (2010). The Caves of Dunhuang. The Dunhuang Academy. p. 160. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6.
- Wenjie Duan (1 January 1994). Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie. Abhinav Publications. p. 138. ISBN 978-81-7017-313-7.
- Wenjie Duan (1 January 1994). Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie. Abhinav Publications. p. 163. ISBN 978-81-7017-313-7.
- Fan Jinshi (2010). The Caves of Dunhuang. The Dunhuang Academy. pp. 170–175. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6.
- Whitfield and Farrer, pp 16-17
- Whitfield and Farrer, p 20
- Fan Jinshi (2010). The Caves of Dunhuang. The Dunhuang Academy. p. 235. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6.
- Whitfield and Farrer, pp 21, and numbers 41 and 42
- Whitfield and Farrer, pp 99-107
- Jessica Rawson (1992). The British Museum Book of Chinese Art. British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-1453-7.
- Whitfield and Farrer, p. 116
- Duan Wenjie (editor-in-chief), Mural Paintings of the Dunhuang Mogao Grotto (1994) Kenbun-Sha, Inc. / China National Publications Import and Export Corporation, ISBN 4-906351-04-2
- Fan Jinshi, The Caves of Dunhuang. (2010) The Dunhuang Academy. ISBN 978-1-85759-540-6
- Hopkirk, Peter. Foreign Devils on the Silk Road: The Search for the Lost Cities and Treasures of Chinese Central Asia (1980). Amherst: The University of Massachusetts Press. ISBN 0-87023-435-8
- Rong Xinjiang, translated by Valerie Hansen, "The Nature of the Dunhuang Library Cave and the Reasons for Its Sealing," Cahiers d'Extrême-Asie (1999): 247-275.
- Tan Chung, Dunhuang art: through the eyes of Duan Wenjie (1994). Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Art. ISBN 81-7017-313-2
- Whitfield, Roderick and Farrer, Anne, Caves of the Thousand Buddhas: Chinese Art from the Silk Route (1990), British Museum Publications, ISBN 0714114472
- Whitfield, Roderick, Susan Whitfield, and Neville Agnew. "Cave Temples of Mogao: Art and History on the Silk Road" (2000). Los Angeles: The Getty Conservation Institute. ISBN 0-89236-585-4
- Wood, Frances, "The Caves of the Thousand Buddhas: Buddhism on the Silk Road" in "The Silk Road: Two Thousand Years in the Heart of Asia" (2002) by Frances Wood. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23786-2
- Zhang Wenbin, ed. "Dunhuang: A Centennial Commemoration of the Discovery of the Cave Library" (2000). Beijing: Morning Glory Publishers. ISBN 7-5054-0716-3
- Stein, M. Aurel. Ruins of Desert Cathay: Personal Narrative of Explorations in Central Asia and Westernmost China, volume 2 (1912). London: Macmillan.
- Pelliot, Paul Les grottes de Touen-Houang 1920. Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.1 Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.2 Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.3 Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.4 Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.5 Les grottes de Touen-Houang : vol.6
|Wikimedia Commons has media related to:|
- Dunhuang Academy
- A large collections of images of murals and other artifacts from the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang
- International Dunhuang Project
- Mogao caves video
- Harvard Art Museums, some murals and a statue removed from Dunhuang by Langdon Warner
- British Museum The cave-temples at Dunhuang
- Wisdom embodied: Chinese Buddhist and Daoist sculpture in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, a collection catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art Libraries (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on the Mogao Caves | <urn:uuid:a7465364-7afa-4fb6-be10-90da3dc61e0e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogao_Caves | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94648 | 8,610 | 3.171875 | 3 |
SLUG: 2-286253 Algeria / Extremist
INTRO: The head of one to two main extremist groups waging war in Algeria has been killed by Algerian security forces in what is being called a significant step in the government's effort to end the civil war. V-O-A's Greg LaMotte has the details from our Middle East bureau in Cairo.
TEXT: Antar Zouabri, head of the Armed Islamic Group, or G-I-A, was killed in a gun battle with Algerian security forces Friday in Boufarik, some 15 miles south of the capital, Algiers.
His death is considered a major step in the military-backed government's fight against a decade-long Islamic insurgency that has cost an estimated 150-thousand lives.
Algerian authorities say security forces surrounded the house in which Zouabri and two other members of the G-I-A were located. Authorities say a shoot-out occurred, and all three men in the house were killed.
News of Zoubri's death comes exactly 10 years after Algeria's military-backed government imposed a state of emergency. It gave the military broad police powers to crack down on Islamic militants who gained support after the Islamic Salvation Front was prevented from winning elections a few months earlier.
The state of emergency was declared on February 9th, 1992, the date marked as the start of Algeria's civil war.
Since then the G-I-A, along with the extremist "Group for Salafist Preaching and Combat," is blamed for violent atrocities against Algeria's civilian population.
In 1999 both groups rejected an offer of amnesty from President Abdelaziz Bouteflika as part of a national reconciliation program.
More than 200 people, mostly civilians, have been killed in violent battles since the beginning of the year.
Zoubri's body was formally identified by security forces, who said they found weapons and what they described as "subversive documents" in the house.
His death leaves only one other major insurgency leader, Hassan Hattab, still alive. (Signed)
|Join the GlobalSecurity.org mailing list| | <urn:uuid:88344e50-fdb0-4886-af00-41c645dc294e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2002/02/mil-020209-222e18a5.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00026-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962099 | 445 | 1.625 | 2 |
9/11 Blogger
Saturday, July 5, 2008
Here’s a new article by Mike Rudin, that’s been posted on the BBC News website. It mentions that NIST says “fire fighters could not fight the fires in Tower 7, because they didn’t have enough water and focused on saving lives.” However, NIST’s claim is incorrect. There were in fact fireboats that had been moored near the WTC the morning of 9/11, to provide water to the site. See:
One of the boats, the John J. Harvey, could reportedly “pump 16,000 to 20,000 gallons of water a minute. ‘That’s the equivalent of 15 [fire] engines drafting water,’ explained 65-year-old FDNY retiree Bob Lenney, who spent 25 years piloting Harvey.” See:
In fact, one of NIST’s earlier reports stated, “According to the FDNY first-person interviews, water was never an issue at WTC 7 since firefighting was never started in the building.” See:
http://wtc.nist.gov/NISTNCSTAR1-8.pdf (p. 110).
(Article continues below)
9/11 third tower mystery ‘solved’
By Mike Rudin
BBC, Conspiracy Files
The final mystery of 9/11 will soon be solved, according to US experts investigating the collapse of the third tower at the World Trade Center.
- A d v e r t i s e m e n t
The 47-storey third tower, known as Tower Seven, collapsed seven hours after the twin towers.
Investigators are expected to say ordinary fires on several different floors caused the collapse.
Conspiracy theorists have argued that the third tower was brought down in a controlled demolition.
Unlike the twin towers, Tower Seven was not hit by a plane.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology, based near Washington DC, is expected to conclude in its long-awaited report this month that ordinary fires caused the building to collapse.
That would make it the first and only steel skyscraper in the world to collapse because of fire.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology’s lead investigator, Dr Shyam Sunder, spoke to BBC Two’s “The Conspiracy Files”:
“Our working hypothesis now actually suggests that it was normal building fires that were growing and spreading throughout the multiple floors that may have caused the ultimate collapse of the buildings.”
However, a group of architects, engineers and scientists say the official explanation that fires caused the collapse is impossible. Architects and Engineers for 9/11 Truth argue there must have been a controlled demolition.
The founder of the group, Richard Gage, says the collapse of the third tower is an obvious example of a controlled demolition using explosives.
“Building Seven is the smoking gun of 9/11… A sixth grader can look at this building falling at virtually freefall speed, symmetrically and smoothly, and see that it is not a natural process.
“Buildings that fall in natural processes fall to the path of least resistance”, says Gage, “they don’t go straight down through themselves.”
There are a number of facts that have encouraged conspiracy theories about Tower Seven.
- Although its collapse potentially made architectural history, all of the thousands of tonnes of steel from the skyscraper were taken away to be melted down.
- The third tower was occupied by the Secret Service, the CIA, the Department of Defence and the Office of Emergency Management, which would co-ordinate any response to a disaster or a terrorist attack.
- The destruction of the third tower was never mentioned in the 9/11 Commission Report. The first official inquiry into Tower Seven by the Federal Emergency Management Agency was unable to be definitive about what caused its collapse.
- In May 2002 FEMA concluded that the building collapsed because intense fires had burned for hours, fed by thousands of gallons of diesel stored in the building. But it said this had “only a low probability of occurrence” and more work was needed.
But now nearly seven years after 9/11 the definitive official explanation of what happened to Tower Seven is finally about to be published in America.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has spent more than two years investigating Tower Seven but lead investigator Dr Shyam Sunder rejects criticism that it has been slow.
“We’ve been at this for a little over two years and doing a two or two and a half year investigation is not at all unusual. That’s the same kind of time frame that takes place when we do aeroplane crash investigations, it takes a few years.”
With no steel from Tower 7 to study, investigators have instead made four extremely complex computer models worked out to the finest detail. They’re confident their approach can now provide the answers. Dr Sunder says the investigation is moving as fast as possible.
“It’s a very complex problem. It requires a level of fidelity in the modelling and rigour in the analysis that has never been done before.”
Other skyscrapers haven’t fully collapsed before because of fire. But NIST argues that what happened on 9/11 was unique.
Steel structure weakened
It says Tower Seven had an unusual design, built over an electricity substation and a subway; there were many fires that burnt for hours; and crucially, fire fighters could not fight the fires in Tower 7, because they didn’t have enough water and focused on saving lives.
Investigators have focused on the east side where the long floor spans were under most stress.
They think fires burnt long enough to weaken and break many of the connections that held the steel structure together.
Most susceptible were the thinner floor beams which required less fireproofing, and the connections between the beams and the columns. As they heated up the connections failed and the beams sagged and failed, investigators say.
The collapse of the first of the Twin Towers does not seem to have caused any serious damage to Tower Seven, but the second collapse of the 1,368ft (417m) North Tower threw debris at Tower Seven, just 350ft (106m) away.
Tower Seven came down at 5.21pm. Until now most of the photographs have been of the three sides of the building that did not show much obvious physical damage. Now new photos of the south side of the building, which crucially faced the North Tower, show that whole side damaged and engulfed in smoke.
Also see BBC video report here. | <urn:uuid:967ef380-1a90-4254-bb71-91871eab94bb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.prisonplanet.com/bbc-article-911-third-tower-mystery-solved.html/print/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717783.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00075-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964958 | 1,388 | 2.296875 | 2 |
1 Answer | Add Yours
The cultivation of genetically modified food crops has been adopted for the last 15 years as the plants can be made tolerant to herbicides and resistant to incest.
But large scale use of GM crops over an extended period of time poses many dangers too. The genes that have been manipulated in the crops to achieve the desired traits can move to plants that are actually weeds and make them immune to herbicides. As weeds use the resources meant for the plants being cultivated it is essential to eliminate them. But with the tolerance against herbicides acquired by them it becomes very difficult to get rid of them. Newer, more potent herbicides are required that can harm the corn plants along with the weeds.
It is therefore very important to carefully consider both the cons as well as the pros of growing GM crops. Scientists now recommend a reduced use of GM plants and the adoption of alternative natural ways instead to deal with problems like weeds and pests.
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NIH Issues Challenge to Find Advances Tied to NIGMS Support
The National Institute of General Medical Science (NIGMS) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) is seeking the public’s help in capturing the Institute’s progress toward its strategic goal: “to advance awareness and understanding of the basic biomedical research enterprise, including its value, requirements, and potential impact.” The Institute has issued a challenge to the scientific community with the goal of identifying past advances that are serving (or have served) to improve human health and well-being. It excludes ongoing studies that may, in the future, have a major impact.
NIGMS intends to use the examples to help inform the historical context of scientific breakthroughs and the Institute’s role in supporting them. The examples will supplement NIGMS’ ongoing efforts to link advances in human health and well-being to taxpayer-supported basic research and to stimulate further innovation by explaining the value and the impact of basic research on human health.
Submissions are expected to be a written document that describes the basic research and how it directly led to improvements in human health, well-being, or other tangible benefits to the public; NIGMS support must have played a major/critical role in one or more of the underlying discoveries. A history of continuous or exclusive NIGMS support is not required.
The focus of the submission must fall into one or both of the following categories:
- Major advances funded by NIGMS that have led to improvements in human health, well-being, or other tangible benefits to the public.
- Applications in medicine, industry, technology, or elsewhere that have their roots in NIGMS-funded research projects. Examples include commonly used diagnostics, therapeutics, devices, or technologies used in medical, industrial, agricultural, or other fields.
NIGMS plans to select up to ten winners, who will receive $500 prizes and recognition on the NIGMS website. Submissions are due by October 20, 2014. For additional requirements, judging criteria, FAQs, and other information, see NIGMS’ website. | <urn:uuid:7ae53a14-6099-43e9-bf19-38d72085df93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cossa.org/2014/07/28/nih-issues-challenge-to-find-advances-tied-to-nigms-support/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.93609 | 441 | 2.171875 | 2 |
PHP 5.3 introduced some new functions:
- Clears IMAP cache.
- Encode a UTF-8 string to modified UTF-7.
- Decode a modified UTF-7 string to UTF-8.
- Perform a regular expression search and replace, returning only results
which matched the pattern.
The following functions are now natively implemented, making them available
on all operating systems which can run PHP:
There are no user contributed notes for this page. | <urn:uuid:090d1174-6dbf-4634-b18f-01169a028eff> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://php.net/manual/it/migration53.functions.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721008.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00117-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.755463 | 101 | 1.90625 | 2 |
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