text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minden in Kearney County, Nebraska — The American Midwest (Upper Plains)
World War Memorial
1917 - 1919
of the World War
Kearney County, Nebraska
[Roll of Honored Dead]
Hilmer Anderson · Leo Robert Atwater
William D. Brainard · Thomas J. Geren
Harry A. Hetrick · Reuben N. D. Jensen
Segfred O. Johnson · Frank Leafstedt
Jasper Madsen · Harry E. Nielsen
[Roll of Veterans]
Location. 40° 29.938′ N, 98° 56.932′ W. Marker is in Minden, Nebraska, in Kearney County. Marker is on Colorado Avenue near 4th Street, on the left when traveling south. Click for map. Memorial is on the west grounds of the county courthouse. Marker is at or near this postal address: 424 North Colorado Avenue, Minden NE 68959, United States of America.
Other nearby markers. At least 8 other markers are within 15 miles of this marker, measured as the crow flies. Kearney County Courthouse (within shouting distance of this marker); Kearney County Pioneers (within shouting distance of this marker); Civil and Spanish-American Wars Memorial (within shouting distance of this marker); The Burlington & Missouri River Railroad (approx. 10 miles away); Fort Kearny (approx. 10.4 miles away); Dobytown (approx. 11.1 miles away); The Great Platte River Road (approx. 12.7 miles away); Boyd House (approx. 14.9 miles away). Click for a list of all markers in Minden.
Categories. • Patriots & Patriotism • War, World I •
Credits. This page originally submitted on , by William Fischer, Jr. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. This page has been viewed 400 times since then and 5 times this year. Photos: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13. submitted on , by William Fischer, Jr. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. 14. submitted on , by William Fischer, Jr. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. This page was last revised on June 16, 2016. | <urn:uuid:9ad29e57-d9f8-4348-aa1d-502d14f7817b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=58982 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.872749 | 474 | 2.140625 | 2 |
Projects in Ethiopia
International education and teachers training projects in Ethiopia.
A visit was made to Addis Ababa during the 2nd two weeks in October to present a training session on practical physics to Ethiopian secondary school teachers and to two teacher trainers. Two teachers who had been in the profession for 23 and 30 years respectively said that the course was by “far the best” that they had attended.
The visit was also to progress the establishment of an Information, Training and Workshop Centre in Addis Ababa. A laboratory, small office, storage space and lecture theatre will be available once the Centre becomes established at the site and work is ongoing.
Full report (PDF, 325 KB)
The IOP project in Ethiopia is progressing with plans to set up Workshop and Information and Training Centres (WITC). The first centre will be in the capital Addis Ababa and will have oversight of four regional Centres.
Full report (PDF, 125 MB)
A second teacher training session was conducted in July 2010 to demonstrate a range of equipment to Ethiopian physics teachers and the equipment was subsequently donated to the participating schools.
Full report (PDF, 79 KB)
After a visit to Addis Ababa in 2007 and 2008 to provide physics equipment and training for teachers, the Institute of Physics made six laptop computers available for use by physics students in Addis Ababa.
The Ethiopian government was very impressed with library facilities provided by the Anglican church in the Arat Kilo area of Addis Ababa, close to the Ministry of Education head offices, that they invited the church to open another library in the Lambaret district.
This new library opened in December 2009 and in the 4 months to April 2010 had registered approximately 500 children to use the facility with a further 1000 on the waiting list.
Read full report (PDF, 183 KB)
The IOP has started a first roll out project in Ethiopia, supporting two schools in Addis Ababa, in late 2008 based on the model used in Rwanda. | <urn:uuid:7b41175e-17fb-42a7-983b-7cce13ba3d5b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.iop.org/about/international/development/education/ethiopia/page_44481.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00401-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966735 | 413 | 1.898438 | 2 |
USA Work Visa
US Work Permits and Visas is one of the easiest way of migrating into the United States apart from Spousal Visas. The United States of America does not have any particular program in place with which they can select skilled workers. Rather, what the US government is doing is creating several other programs that will be attractive to skilled workers. This attraction is what draws them into the country. Some of those programs is the H1B and L1A programs. Both programs require that a US based employer sponsor the immigrant.
The USA work visa is designed for people with skills and professional experience which can bring some good to the US economy. Before this visa can be issued out to the immigrant, he or she must have satisfied all USA visa requirements and must have properly filled out the USA visa application form and presented all required documents. Such documents must include
- Proof of sponsorship from a US based company
- A valid international passport
- Proof of adequate funds to take care of your initial needs in the US
Once the US Work Permit is issued, the holder can live and work in the US as well as bring in dependents into the US. This visa, over time, leads to permanent residence or Citizenship in the US.
If you are in Dubai, you can obtain a USA visa from Dubai through us. We have seasoned professionals who can help you from scratch to finish. We will also offer free eligibility assessment which will help you correct all errors and re position your visa application for success. Call Permits and Visas today and talk to one of our USA Immigration Experts for a USA Work Visa.
The L1 A allows employees who are seniors of an overseas company to work in the US for a US based branch office of their overseas company.
Permits and Visas team are really amazing. they hold a very good knowledge on the visa application process. If it would not have been Permits and Visas services, my dream of flying to USA would have dropped. | <urn:uuid:2174e149-ad37-4ddb-96e4-e8c7a695e77c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.permitsandvisas.com/usa-visas/work-visa/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720737.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00220-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968835 | 406 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Why do we invest in stocks? Many of us do so because stocks offer higher expected returns than cash and short-term government debt, such as Treasury bills. This difference in expected returns between stocks and Treasury bills is called the equity premium. When investors evaluate an equity strategy, an important attribute to assess is the size of cash holdings. A higher allocation to cash means lower exposure to the equity premium—not a desirable outcome for investors pursuing higher expected returns.
A high allocation to cash and cash-like instruments, however, is not the only way in which an equity strategy can reduce its exposure to the equity premium. A less obvious culprit is cash exposure through holdings in companies that are the targets of cash mergers.
If the market expects that the acquisition will go through, the stock of the acquisition target becomes a source of cash that will flow to investors when the deal closes. Thus, when a firm becomes the target of a cash acquisition, its stock price generally moves toward the proposed acquisition price and stays there until the deal closes. Investors holding stock of companies that are the target of a cash acquisition may therefore have unintentional cash-like exposure, giving up the desired expected returns associated with an equity investment.
As seen in Exhibit 1, for example, Popeyes’s stock price remained fairly flat following the announcement date of an intended acquisition, staying within $0.06 of deal terms, until the acquisition was completed one month later.1
Past performance is not a guarantee of future results.
How often do we observe such cash mergers? Research by Dimensional shows that, from January 2011 through December 2018, more than 9,000 mergers were announced around the world, and most involved the acquiring firm offering cash to shareholders of the target firm. The majority of cash mergers targeted small cap stocks and were successfully completed. Did most result in unintentional cash-like exposure? We examine cash mergers of small caps in 11 countries over that period and confirm that stocks of companies that were the target of a cash acquisition tended to have cash-like returns following the deal announcement.2 This is particularly true for deals that were more likely to be completed, as suggested by the price of the merger target trading within a tight range of deal terms at least once.
Moreover, by holding merger targets to deal completion, investors give up some control on the timing of cash flows into the portfolio and may therefore be forced to demand immediacy in quickly deploying large cash flows when the deal completes. The concern is further exacerbated by the fact that cash mergers occur predominantly among small cap stocks, which tend to have higher trading costs.
Investors cannot control corporate actions, but they can plan for them. A systematic equity portfolio designed to efficiently and accurately target higher expected returns can incorporate information about corporate actions, including merger activity, every day. Through process-driven yet flexible implementation, small cap stocks that are the target of a cash acquisition and are trading very closely to deal terms can be systematically sold from the portfolio in a thoughtful manner without demanding immediacy from the marketplace. Thus, an approach that systematically divests of such merger targets reduces unintentional cash-like exposure while also maintaining control of the timing of cash flows. In essence, such an approach can pursue higher expected returns while managing risks and controlling costs.
(1) Maggie McGrath, “A Whopper Of A Deal: Burger King Owner Restaurant Brands International Acquires Popeyes For $1.8 Billion,” Forbes, February 21, 2017.
(2) Kaitlin Simpson Hendrix, “Cash by Any Other Name” (white paper, Dimensional Fund Advisors, 2020)
Shore Point Advisors is registered as an investment adviser with the State of New Jersey. Shore Point Advisors only transacts business in states where it is properly registered, or is excluded or exempted from registration requirements. Past performance is not indicative of future returns. All investment strategies have the potential for profit or loss. There are no assurances that an investor’s portfolio will match or outperform any particular benchmark. Content was prepared by a third-party provider. All information is based on sources deemed reliable, but no warranty or guarantee is made as to its accuracy or completeness. All expressions of opinion reflect the judgment of the authors on the date of publication and are subject to change. | <urn:uuid:be7fcc0f-21a6-422f-8270-dfe5c8988cfb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://shorepointadvisors.com/2020/12/29/cash-mergers/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.958426 | 882 | 2.765625 | 3 |
It is important to identify the source of the stress and try to tackle it. It is important to eat a good diet, get plenty of sleep, and always find time to relax. Meditation and mindfulness exercises will help, and so can acupuncture and tuina massage. Herbal medicines will induce calm. Chinese medicinal herbs such as Suan Zao Ren (Semen Ziziphi Spinosae), Chai Hu (Radix Bupleuri), Bai Zi Ren (Semen Platycladi), Yuan Zhi (Radix Polygalae) and Wu Wei Zi (Fructus Schisandrae) may be prescribed.
Stress can manifest in different ways, and may present with a wide variety of symptoms.
- Headaches or migraines
- Muscle tension and pain
- Stomach pain
- Chest pain and palpitations
- Reduced libido.
- Anxiety and panic attacks
- Lack of concentration
- Memory problems
- Feeling of being overwhelmed.
Dealing with stress can be difficult, but it is important to realise you are not alone and to seek help. Talking with friends, family or professionals can help to relieve the burden of “carrying around” problems. Set small achieveable goals to tackle obstacles which may be causing you problems. Focus on the “now” or the present moment, and only on things that you can change, instead of diverting your energy into things you cannot change. Avoid resorting to alcohol, cigarettes, drugs and gambling as a means of relieving your stress. These will only exacerbate negative feelings and have a greater impact on your physical and mental health in the long term.
If you wish to enquire about purchasing Chinese Herbal Medicines to help this condition please email us at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:988e45fc-d553-4589-95b6-fdd8694dc79f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://asante-academy.com/encyclopedia/stress/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571502.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811194507-20220811224507-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.904133 | 394 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Moundsville Officials Ban ATVs From City Streets< < Back to
MOUNDSVILLE, W.Va. (AP) – Moundsville officials are tackling the issue of all-terrain vehicles with a new city ordinance.
The Intelligencer/Wheeling News-Register reports that Moundsville police Lt. Steve Kosek says the ordinance took effect this month, completely banning ATV use on city streets and alleys.
In West Virginia, residents are forbidden to drive ATVs on divided roadways and highways, but each city is permitted to develop unique ordinances.
Kosek says they’ve seen a decrease in phone complaints concerning the vehicles.
On a county level, ATV issues remain more complicated. Marshall County Sheriff Kevin Cecil says complaints have been consistent over the last few years, most involving reckless driving, trespassing and alcohol use.
Kosek says a select few community members are still allowed to use ATVs on city streets if they possess snow removal permits. | <urn:uuid:f9d3693e-aa7b-420c-9f3e-43465aa67f4e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://woub.org/2016/01/25/moundsville-officials-ban-atvs-from-city-streets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915005 | 206 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Abstract:The metal reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to ...
The metal reacts with oxygen in the atmosphere to form an oxide film on the surface. The iron oxide formed on ordinary carbon steel continues to oxidize, so that the rust continues to expand, and eventually holes are formed. Carbon steel surfaces can be secured by electroplating with paint or oxidation-resistant metals such as zinc, nickel, and chromium, but, as is known, this protection is only a thin film. If the protective layer is damaged, the underlying steel begins to corrode.
The corrosion resistance of stainless steel hose depends on the content of chromium. When the amount of chromium added reaches 10.5%, the atmospheric corrosion resistance of steel increases significantly, but when the content of chromium is higher, although the corrosion resistance can still be improved, but Not obvious. The reason is that alloying steel with chromium changes the type of surface oxide to a surface oxide similar to that formed on pure chromium metal. This tightly adhered chromium-rich oxide protects the surface from further oxidation. This oxide layer is extremely thin, through which the natural luster of the stainless steel surface can be seen, giving stainless steel a unique surface. Moreover, if the surface layer is damaged, the exposed steel surface will react with the atmosphere to repair itself, re-form this "passivation film", and continue to play a protective role.
Therefore, the stainless steel used in all stainless steel hoses has a common characteristic, that is, the chromium content is above 10.5%. | <urn:uuid:d27efc2d-86b6-411f-8a18-74b755756eaf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.legines.com/news/industry-news/the-main-reasons-for-the-excellent-corrosion-resistance-of-stainless-steel-hoses.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573667.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819100644-20220819130644-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.921572 | 318 | 3.6875 | 4 |
Racism in the White Church
Racism is not a left or right issue. As African-American theologian Kelly Brown Douglas notes, it is a gospel issue. If our churches are not dealing with the racism in our past and in our present, they ought to be. If your church wants to begin and doesn’t know how, we’re here to offer resources and inspiration. If you’re already taking some first steps, we’re here to reinforce them and offer theological and practical help.
This February, join us for the first of a three-year sequence of programs on confronting racism in the white church and seeking God’s justice.
The Eula Mae and John Baugh Family Foundation
The Absalom Jones Episcopal Center for Racial Healing
The Public Religion Research Institute (PRRI)
Baylor University's George W. Truett Theological Seminary | <urn:uuid:5191c07d-a22e-4f24-99f1-b5acf2a07dbd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.baylor.edu/truett/index.php?id=981993 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.903959 | 195 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Patella Alta : Definition
Patella alta or high-riding patella is an anatomical variation and bone malalignment of the patella (kneecap) in relation to the surrounding bones. The patella is structurally placed higher in the femoral trochlea than it should be.
Patella baja or infera is the opposite of patella alta. It is a low-riding patella that is structurally placed lower than it should be.
Patella alta is not hereditary. It may be caused by overgrowth of the patellar tendon during puberty, resulting to a high-riding patella.
The lateral femoral sulcus prevents lateral patellar subluxation. If the patient has patella alta, this protective feature of the lateral femoral sulcus will not be used .
Patella alta may be associated with the following conditions
- Patellar subluxation (recurrent)
- Patellar dislocation
- Chondromalacia of the patella
- Patellar ligament rupture
- Femoral osteomyelitis
- Cerebral palsy
- Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease (avascular necrosis of an ossification center of the patella)
- Osgood-Schlatter disease (avascular necrosis of the tibial tuberosity)
Picture 1: Lateral knee radiography shows complete tear of the tendon in traumatic patella alta.
Image Source: Scuderi GR
Picture 2: Patella alta in cerebral palsy features a lengthened and high positioned patella due to chronic spasms.
Image Source: Scuderi GR
Picture 3: Patella alta and prepatellar bursitis can be observed in patients with cerebral palsy due to crawling.
Image Source: Scuderi GR
Measurement and Diagnosis
Picture 4: Camel back Sign
Image Source: Scuderi GR, The Patella, Springer Science and Business Media, 1995, p 73
With the patient in standing position, the examiner goes to the patient’s side and assesses for the presence of camel back sign of the knee.
Camel back sign is observed in patients with patella alta. The first hump is the high positioned patella and the second hump is represented by the infrapatellar fat pad or infrapatellar bursa.
Picture 5: Grasshopper Eyes
Image Source: Scuderi GR, The Patella, Springer Science and Business Media, 1995, p 74
Normally, patellae should be directed towards the front when in a sitting position. In patella alta, patellae are directed upwards.
Grasshopper eyes or frog eyes is seen in patients whose patellae are proximally displaced (patella alta) and externally or laterally rotated (lateral patellar tilt) [3, 4].
Picture 6: a) Blumensaat’s Line; b) Insall-Salvati Measurement; c) Blackburn-Peel Measurement
Image Source: Paley D, Principles of Deformity Correction, Springer Science and Business Media, 2002, p 569
Blumensaat’s line is an imaginary line formed with 30° flexion of the knee. The inferior border of the patella should be in line with the extension of intercondylar notch.
In Blackburn-Peel measurement, the quotient of (i) tibial plateau to the lower end of the patellar articular surface and (ii) patellar articular surface length is 0.8. If the quotient is greater than 1, the patient has patella alta .
In Insall-Salvati measurement, a lateral radiograph of the knee in 30° flexion is obtained. The ratio for the length of patellar tendon (LT) versus length of the patella (LP) is 1, meaning they should be equal. ±0.2 indicates an anatomical variation.
A ratio of 1.2 means LT is longer than LP, which makes the patella located in a higher position than it should be. This indicates patella alta. On the other hand, a ratio of 0.8 indicates patella baja, meaning the LT is short, which makes the patella located in a lower position [1, 6].
A study in Boston University (2010) revealed that a high Insall-Salvati ratio increases the risk of having cartilage damage, bone attrition, and bone marrow lesions. Patella alta and lateral trochlear inclination could be factors that contribute to the development of patellofemoral joint osteoarthritis .
Measuring the LT is important because if it is increased, as in the case of patella alta, more flexion than the usual should be performed in order to allow the patella to rest on the trochlea.
Persons with patella alta may have patellar pain and gait instability. This warrants the patient to submit himself into treatment or therapy. The goal of treatment is to resume the normal function of the knee and to relieve any forms of discomfort.
Conservative treatment for problems in patella may respond well and may possibly get surgery out of your list of options. Patella alta may be corrected through :
- Manual gliding
- Physical therapy including closed chain strengthening and exercise programs
- Patellar taping
- Braces or sleeves for knees
- Pain relievers
- Ice packs
- Weight loss
Tibial tuberosity osteotomy can be performed in patients with patella alta. This solves the problem by moving the attachment of the patellar ligament to the tibia downwards. That way, patella goes down with it.
If an increased quadriceps (Q) angle comes with patella alta, tibial tuberosity osteotomy can correct it too by shifting the bony attachment of the patellar ligament inwards.
Complications of surgery may include infection, stiffness of knee joints, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), nerve injury, and recurrent instability.
Knee splint is applied after surgery and stays with the patient for 6 weeks. The patient is expected to use crutches. Knee movement will be restricted. Weight bearing is limited and is only allowed with the knees straight. Physical therapy and exercise is required after surgery in order to get rid of the pain and swelling and resume usual muscle control. This will also prevent further complications. Recovery period is around 3-6 months .
- Hammer WI, Functional Soft-tissue Examination and Treatment by Manual Methods, Jones & Bartlett Learning, 2007, pp 328-329
- Burgener FA & Kormano M, Differential Diagnosis in Conventional Radiology, Thieme, 2011, p 317
- Scuderi GR, The Patella, Springer Science and Business Media, 1995
- Magee DJ, Orthopedic Physical Assessment, Elsevier Health Sciences, 2008, p 737
- Paley D, Principles of Deformity Correction, Springer Science and Business Media, 2002, p 569
- Baratz M et al, Orthopedic Surgery: The Essentials, Thieme, 1999, p 544
- Stefanik JJ, Patella Alta and Its Relationship with Patellofemoral Joint Alignment and Osteoarthritis, Boston University, 2010 | <urn:uuid:31df84c6-25f9-4fdb-824f-74a77d9cb128> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://healthfixit.com/patella-alta/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281226.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00376-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.868343 | 1,604 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Well, I'm back in Australia again. I actually spent the weekend in Canberra and had the opportunity to visit Questacon - an "interactive science and technology Centre" - and it was a nice reminder about the importance of play and discovery in helping children and adults alike in learning about technology and science. It reminds me of a comment from one participant in last week's masterclass about the value of attending who said it wasn't just about hearing some new ideas, but having a chance to think and discuss the issues.
Another participant also commented on my blog that:
"having an open-ended ending is interesting (though not new), but requires certain maturity (in the learners) and understanding that the learners are able to come to a sensible conclusion themselves."
A good point. Just like Questacon, the masterclass is just the beginning of a learning experience and there maybe new skills and knowledge we need to develop along the way. I know there is interest in this already and I look forward to continuing this learning conversation online with you. | <urn:uuid:8ca966bb-d517-4c52-9991-6042f6318f40> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chieftech.blogspot.com/2007/03/reflections-on-last-week-masterclass.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00566-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.96864 | 210 | 2 | 2 |
Sunday 18 September, 1921
Off Gravesend during the night of 17/18 September, Quest drags her anchor and collides with a nearby Thames barge. Little damage is caused but it is decided to put in at the dockyard at Sheerness for repairs.
In the evening, the inaugural concert of The Adair Wounded Fund, founded by Alan Adair, is held at Wigmore Hall. Adair is in fact Basil Leakey, John Rowett’s business partner in Rowett, Leakey and Co Ltd. John Quiller Rowett sponsors the event.
Monday 19 September, 1921
The Quest arrives off Southend Pier, then anchors for an hour off the Nore Buoy before proceeding to Sheerness. According to Admiralty regulations, all of Quest’s supplies of ammunition and petrol have to be temporarily unloaded before she can enter the Royal Navy Dockyard. Quest enters Sheerness harbour just before 10.00 am and berths alongside the basin wall between entrances no 2 and no 3 (Naval and Military Record, 28 September 1921).
The Glasgow Bulletin comments “Two willing scouts will be more use to Shackleton that a couple of wistful stockbrokers seeking escape from the weariness of the Bourse”
Tuesday 20 September, 1921
With the approval of Captain Superintendent F S Litchfield-Speer, and under the supervision of Chief Constructor Mr H J Blandford, repairs are carried out to the Quest in the Royal Navy dockyard. Additionally, fifty square feet of copper earthing – part of the wireless radio installation – are fitted below the waterline by divers, work not fully completed before departure from St Katharine Docks.
Frank Wild is well known in the port of Sheerness as he once served on the staff of the Gunnery School there. In the evening, the Quest crew attend Sheerness Hippodrome where they had “a hearty welcome and a good send-off” (Naval and Military Record, 28 September 1921).
Meanwhile, Shackleton is making last minute efforts in London to secure cash in return for French language rights, helped by Sir Andrew Caird of Associated Newspapers, who has the English language rights. These attempts are unsuccessful. An unsigned draft agreement was offered in the Christie’s Polar Sale of 2001.
Wednesday 21 September, 1921
Work finishes on Quest at Sheerness.
At 3.42 pm, John Rowett sends a telegram from Sheerness to Ellie Rowett at Ely Place: “Send you greetings from the Quest off Sheerness just leaving for Plymouth”.
Rowett and Shackleton then both travel by car to the Rowetts’ home, Ely Place, on the evening of 21 September.
Meanwhile, Quest makes her way into the English Channel, under the guidance of the Channel Pilot, Captain W Bridgland. | <urn:uuid:9c50bbdd-7d9b-4c62-895f-1924fde6c4a4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.questchronicle.org.uk/general/18-21-september-1921-gravesend-to-sheerness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.923837 | 593 | 2 | 2 |
Resources - Nutrition Information
Good nutrition is important for everyone. Healthful diets help children grow, develop,
and do well in school. They enable people of all ages to work productively and feel
their best. Eating right can reduce the risk of obesity, high blood pressure, and
high blood cholesterol. Further, a daily healthy diet will reduce the risk of chronic
disease such as heart disease, certain cancers, diabetes, stroke, and osteoporosis.
Proper nutrition requires an appropriate amount of energy and nutrients. Many people
in the US consume energy surpassing their body needs. This can lead to obesity which
is a risk factor for many diseases, like diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. It
is important to remember that, although an overweight person may be getting more
energy than needed, he or she may not be getting all of the necessary nutrients.
Eating a daily diet that includes adequate amounts of bread, cereal, grain, rice,
pasta, vegetables, and fruit, with limited levels of fat, can promote health and
reduce the risk of developing certain chronic diseases. You can help the people
who use your pantry or meal program to be healthier by providing nutritious foods.
But what foods should you provide and in what quantity? Nutritional needs change
throughout the life cycle. The amount of energy and specific nutrients required
will vary based on age, gender, activity level, and overall health of your clients.
Moreover, the dietary preferences of the United States' population varies widely
based on cultural diversity, religious and regional differences, and personal preferences.
How can a food pantry or meal program satisfy the nutritional needs of a diverse
clientele with a limited and uncertain food supply? The following information and
fact sheets will provide background and suggestions to help you maximize the nutritional
value and usefulness of the foods you provide to your clients.
Nutritional Needs Through the Life Cycle | <urn:uuid:c831eb34-7904-49b2-bcb0-258b2e626c0f> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.purdue.edu/indianasefrnetwork/resources/nutritioninformation.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721278.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00148-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.907793 | 399 | 3.53125 | 4 |
In this video, Prof. Ros Quinlivan from the National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery in London, UK describes the early key signs and symptoms that would trigger a suspicion and further testing. She also describes the progressive nature of the disease and discusses her centre’s experience in the management of patients with DMD.
This video is based on professional and expert opinion of Prof. Ros Quinlivan.
(excluding UK and Ireland)
Not a healthcare professional but want to know more? Visit Duchenne and You for more information on signs and symptoms of Duchenne, diagnosis and support following a Duchenne diagnosis
Please ensure all questions are answered before submitting
When providing your feedback, no personal information will be collected, linked or shared with other parties, websites or social media platforms.
Thank you for submitting your response!
In addition to cookies that are necessary to operate this website, we use optional cookies to provide website functionality and give you the best possible experience. We won't set optional cookies unless you enable them. For more detailed information see our Cookie Statement , which explains among others, how to set your cookie preferences and how to recall your consent. | <urn:uuid:969f74b3-b91b-4eb3-a6d1-7298725e0c21> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://takeonduchenne.eu/duchenne-muscular-dystropy-dmd-what-is-it-and-how-is-it-managed/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.905768 | 240 | 1.65625 | 2 |
The road to Jaunty: a look back at Ubuntu's history
People have been saying for a long time that there are too many Linux distros, and yet that didn't stop Mark Shuttleworth from launching Ubuntu in the crowded Debian spin-off market five years ago. What made Ubuntu succeed where Libranet, Corel Linux, Storm Linux and others had failed?
Some might argue that having half a billion dollars in your bank account was a good start, but we think Ubuntu's success can be wrapped up in one quote from Mark Shuttleworth: "I firmly believe that there's nothing an open source team can't do - except do everything." That is, Ubuntu works because it dedicates a lot of effort to refining the complete product rather than individual parts.
Well, to celebrate the release of Ubuntu 9.04 "Jaunty Jackalope" we're going to kick off a three-part celebration of this tenth release of the world's most popular distro with a quick look back at the highs and lows over the years, complete with lots of PDFs from Linux Format magazine from our archives. We've also gone back and installed all ten Ubuntu releases to discover just how much performance has changed over the years.
Along with this article, we've also posted an exclusive interview with Mark Shuttleworth about his favourite features in Ubuntu 9.04 plus a frankenreview of Ubuntu 9.04 that brings together opinion from across the web - check them out!
The Hog releases
Ubuntu 4.10 "Warty Warthog" kicked off the party way back in October 2004 (read the release announcement), and back then was designed to be a fork of Debian that released every six months with the latest software. Getting things off to a good start, Ubuntu was the first distribution to ship Gnome 2.8, and also included Gimp 2.0, Firefox 0.9 and OpenOffice.org 1.1 alongside it to form what was at the time a truly cutting-edge distro.
At a time when many other distros were intent on maxing out DVDs, Ubuntu took the unusual step of shipping on a single CD, and even then only used 523MB of the available space. Even though the installation was still done using a command line, it was at least fairly streamlined - you could be up and running with a new Ubuntu system in under 20 minutes.
New as it was, Ubuntu 4.10 received only a few hundred words in Linux Format at the time, amongst a distro group test covering Fedora, SUSE, Gentoo and others. At the time, we said, "new distros come and go, but Ubuntu is likely to stay if this release is anything to go by."
Early adopters of Ubuntu will remember the early days fondly.
Installing from the command line? Yup, that was Ubuntu 4.10. It's amazing what five years can do...
Back then, Ubuntu really was *brown*, rather than orange tints we're more used to now.
Ubuntu 5.04 "Hoary Hedgehog" came along in April 2005 (read the release notes) and brought with it performance and maintainance features along with upgrades to Gnome 2.10 and Firefox 1.0. Along with most other distros at the time, Ubuntu also dumped XFree86 4.3 for X.org, and hasn't looked back since. For performance lovers, readahead was introduced to help speed boot time by pre-loading files that are need for the computer to start, and processing frequency scaling was introduced to ensure that laptops were power-efficient when under less load. Laptop users also had a healthy boost from the inclusion of suspend, standard and hibernation support as standard.
One of the key new features in 5.04 was the update manager, which is still being used in even the latest Ubuntu releases. It was never designed to replace Synaptic, but instead to reduce the complexity of system upgrades to a single mouse click, and its simplicity has been copied extensively in other distros.
But arguably the most important change in 5.04 was the inclusion of Kubuntu for the first time. Described by Canonical at the time as "easy to manage" and "packed full of useful applications and lots of great eye candy," Kubuntu has grown to become a central part of Ubuntu and arguably one of the most refined KDE-based distros available.
When Linux Format devoted a two-page review to this release, the team said, "Ubuntu still suffers from Debian-like problems - where are the configuration tools? Even if you hate Yast at least it's obvious where to go to add a printer," but concluding that Ubuntu is "powerful and extremely usable" and "has much to offer both new and old users."
With feedback from end users, Ubuntu 5.04 was a bit easier on the eye than its predecessor.
One thing that didn't change - and still hasn't - is that 5.04 didn't duplicate functionality: you get one of everything.
LXF meets Mark
While Ubuntu 5.10 was under heavy development, we visited the Ubuntu Benevolent Dictator for Life, Mark Shuttleworth, and asked him a few questions about Ubuntu. click here to read the full interview with Mark Shuttleworth, or just enjoy these choice quotes:
- "I have the privileges of getting cracking on it earlier on, rather than getting to 70 and thinking, "What am I going to do with my loot, because I can't stand my children!" "
- "I considered standing for Debian Project Leader, but I figured that there's another way to have the same effect really, and that is to create something that really executes the vision."
- "One of the reasons I decided not to do this within Debian was because I firmly believe that there's nothing an open source team can't do - except do everything."
- "Open source guys have had diff, patch and email for many years, and what have they produced? They've produced this incredible thing called Linux."
The path towards LTS
Ubuntu 5.10 "Breezy Badger" marked Ubuntu's third release in October 2005 (read the release notes), bringing with it a Usplash-based graphical boot, Gnome 2.12 and a beta as OpenOffice.org 2.0 - albeit a very stable beta. Building on the ease of use of Update Manager, 5.10 introduced a new Add/Remove Applications tool for managing software, meaning that newer users could live without Synaptic entirely if they wanted to.
On the desktop, Alacarte (Gnome's menu editor, also known as Simple Menu Editor for Gnome until people starting laughing at the name "SMEG") was included along with Serpentine (since replaced by Brasero). Some trivia for you: the codename was almost going to be Bendy Badger. so next time you hear a strange Ubuntu codename that you don't like, remember that it could get worse!
In its review, Linux Format said, "Ubuntu gets better and better with each update and it will be exciting to see what the effort promised for 6.04 will produce." Sadly the .04 part wasn't to be hit...
Having the Add Applications program easily available made it easier to manage software, 5.10 was easily the darkest Ubuntu yet
The Ubuntu boot menu was revamped for 5.10, making the new Ubuntu look uniform with its Usplash art.
Ubuntu 6.06 "Dapper Drake" arrived on the 1st of June in 2006 (read the release notes), and is easily the most important Ubuntu release to date. Not only was it the first Long Term Support (LTS) release (although that support will finally expire in June this year for), but it also included the now-ubiquitous Live CD install process and the new Ubiquity graphical installer (this Ubiquity, not this one). Alongside these features were smaller, but equally welcome, others: NetworkManager made its first appearance (and is still going strong), GDebi was introduced to handle single package installation, and Usplash was extended to work on system shutdown as well as startup.
By this point, Ubuntu had already carved out a sizeable part of the Linux distro market for itself, so the stable and long-term release of 6.06 meant that closed-source vendors were able to create packages for Ubuntu that were guaranteed to work for some time. And with Xubuntu bringing Xfce to join the Gnome and KDE party, even more people could enjoy Ubuntu just as they wanted it.
In its two page review of 6.06, Linux Format's conclusion was "the best release yet from the Ubuntu camp. Go try it now and don't look back."
Ubuntu 6.06 provided a smart boot screen that would serve the distro well for some time to come.
The new graphical installer made Ubuntu a cinch to install even for the newest users.
The first LTS Ubuntu had an all-new look - the rounded window corners and orange tints are now mainstays of the distro.
Follow your dreams!
To celebrate the first long-term release of Ubuntu, Linux Format ran a cover feature "Ubuntu Forever", which chronicled the rise and rise of the distro, had another interview with Mark Shuttleworth, and even had a reader competition to win a T-shirt signed by Mark with the words "follow your dreams"!
Sharper than ever
Ubuntu 6.10 "Edgy Eft" went live late in October 2006 (read the release notes) aimed to follow the super-stable (and uncharacteristically delayed) 6.06 with a cutting-edge release, and even though it had a short development timeframe it certainly didn't disappoint: Gnome 2.16 brought with it the first fruits of window compositing in Metacity and, crucially, Tomboy. Now you're probably thinking that Tomboy is just a simple note-taking app, but for Gnome to accept Tomboy as an official part of the desktop meant it also had to accept Mono and Gtk# bindings, which is why 6.10 also opted to include the Mono-based F-Spot photo album app.
Although other apps such as Firefox 2.0 and Gaim 2.0 (still in beta at the time) made it into Edgy, the real highlight of this release was Upstart - an all-new replacement for the old sysvinit scripts that had long been standard. Of course, the initial deployment of Upstart was entirely in compatibility mode, and even today is a long way from being finished, but it has since been adopted into Fedora so support is definitely growing over time. When people noticed Ubuntu 6.10 often booted faster than 6.06, they usually attributed it to Upstart, but really most boot performance boosts came from switching from Bash to Dash for the default shell - a move that broke some scripts, but proved to be worth it in the long term.
Choosing to pitch Ubuntu 6.10 against Fedora 6 for a real comparison of features, Linux Format's conclusion was "usually we are effusive in our praise of Ubuntu, but this time it is more restrained. So is this a poor product? Just the opposite: Dapper Drake was an exceptional release and so is this. It might not feel as edgy as Fedora, but that is only because the Fedora Project has had so much further to come."
Ubuntu 6.10 included Gnome 2.16 and thus Mono. Some people still regret this choice...
Ubuntu 7.04 "Feisty Fawn" sprung into existence in April 2007 (read the release notes) and was a controversial release for two primary releases: support for the PowerPC architecture was dropped, and the restricted drivers and codecs wizards were added - ifinstalling support for Flash, Java and MP3s was hard before, 7.04 took nearly all that pain away.
With the addition of easy installation for Nvidia and ATI drivers, 7.04 was also the first release where Compiz really came into its own, much to the distaste of Free Software purists who refused to install closed-source drivers. But there were several features that everyone could celebrate: Ubuntu took its first steps toward supporting virtualisation with KVM, the new Windows migration assistant made it easier than ever for people to move Windows users to Linux, and Zeroconf support brought ad-hoc networking to the masses.
In its preview, Linux Format wasn't too impressed with 7.04, calling it "a solid if somewhat conservative release", recommending that "unless you're having problems with proprietary drivers, perhaps stick with 6.10."
Ubuntu 7.04 made it easy to install support for MP3, DivX, WMV and more.
The Feisty Fawn desktop will look remarkably familiar to people installing Jaunty, despite the two-year time difference.
Building a better Ubuntu
In the lull between Ubuntu 7.04 and 7.10, Linux Format ran a cover feature, "Building a better Ubuntu", that aimed to give readers a behind-the-scenes look at how the distro was produced and how easy it was to spin off your own version with unique changes. We've put the Building a Better Ubuntu feature online for you to read right here.
The "modern" era of Ubuntu
Ubuntu 7.10 "Gutsy Gibbon" escaped into the wild on 18 October 2007 (read the release notes) and only recently finished its support life. Unlike the frenzy of new features introduced in 6.10 and 7.04, 7.10 had few killer features. Sure, there was AppArmor, Deskbar and fast user switching, but these didn't really capture the imagination like previous releases. The two saving graces were Compiz Fusion, which continued to push the envelope in desktop effects, and NTFS-3g, which enabled read/write support for Windows partitions. In the grand pantheon of Ubuntu releases, 7.10 is unlikely to stand out.
To review Ubuntu 7.10, Linux Format put it against the OpenSUSE and Mandriva releases of the day, and, despite "a faint feeling of disappointment", said that 7.10 "has the slickest experience, and has to be the best choice for new and intermediate users."
Ubuntu 7.10 brought with it Deskbar, which wasn't half as good back then as it was now. Still, NTFS-3g was nice to have...
Ubuntu 8.04 "Hardy Heron" flew the nest in April 2008 (read the release notes) as Canonical's second LTS release and injected some much-needed momentum into the distro. Along with core functionality changes such as the introduction of PulseAudio, 8.04 also brought with it Tracker desktop search, the Transmission BitTorrent client and Vinagre for VNC. But great as these changes were, the real boost for new users was the introduction of Wubi, which allowed Ubuntu to be installed and uninstalled using a simple Windows user interface - suddenly anyone could install and use Ubuntu without worrying about how to get rid of it if it didn't work and without having to go cold turkey on their Windows life.
No retrospective of Ubuntu 8.04 would be complete without mentioning the fact that it shipped with a beta of Firefox 3.0 - and not a very stable beta, either. Although many questioned this choice at the beginning (particularly when the Firefox beta crashed), it was simple economics: as an LTS release 8.04 would have to be supported for a long time, meaning that it would be increasingly hard to backport fixes to Firefox 2.0 over time.
Ubuntu 8.04 is probably the most popular Linux distro so far - its long-term support status means that it will continue to be used for years to come in servers, and, let's face it, it did have some cracking artwork.
Ubuntu 8.04 got a lot of things right, but this wasn't one of them: choosing your timezone could be remarkably trick if you had a sensitive mouse.
Ubuntu 8.10 "Intrepid Ibex" takes us up to the latest Ubuntu release before Jaunty arrived today, being released in October 2008 (read the release notes). Despite the optimistic-sounding name, Intrepid wasn't the most exciting release around, but did act to stabilise and refine the incredibly popular 8.04 release. With support for creating USB flash drive images out of the box, encrypted private directories and Dell's Dynamic Kernel Module Support, 8.04 was largely a release that improved things that were less visible to end users.
One of the few truly innovative user-facing features is support for guest sessions direct from the fast user switcher applet - clicking this creates a temporary user account that can't commit any changes to disk, making it perfect for letting someone use your computer for a few minutes without giving them access to your personal files.
Ubuntu 8.10 included support to make bootable USB flash drives out of the box.
Change in motion
Seeing as the old Compuserve patent expired long ago, we figured it was high time we resurrected our animated GIF skills to compare Ubuntu 4.10's desktop with 9.04. So, here's a ten-frame GIF showing all 10 versions of Ubuntu in action - enjoy!
Ubuntu 4.10 to 9.04 in animated GIF form - hurrah!
How it performs
It's impossible to tell how well Jaunty will do on the desktop without extensive testing, but we can at least compare it to its fore-runners in terms of boot speed, install footprint and memory usage. In short, Jaunty boots faster than any other Ubuntu to date, while also having the lowest memory usage of any Ubuntu in the last two years. Here are the graphs - we've put a trend line in red so you can really see how impressive Jaunty is:
The trend is clearly downwards thanks to continued work on optimisation and refinement of the boot process, but Jaunty still manages to pull in ahead of the curve.
Install footprint has stabilised at 2.2GB, which is pretty much as far as it can go until better compression algorithms are invented or Ubuntu switches to a DVD.
After reaching highs of 150MB in Intrepid, Jaunty lives up to its name by cutting memory usage under 100MB for a stock Gnome desktop.
What do you think...?
Are we overrating 6.06, underrating 7.10, or just blowing Ubuntu way out of proportion? If you switched to Ubuntu, when did you do it? If you've subsequently abandoned Ubuntu, what pushed you away? | <urn:uuid:5e3cade3-2e9f-4050-af95-d384ff04f01d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.tuxradar.com/content/road-jaunty-look-back-ubuntus-history | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00106-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968949 | 3,874 | 2 | 2 |
1. Introduction – Malta's Taxable Base
Persons ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta (including companies incorporated in Malta) are chargeable to tax in Malta on a worldwide basis in terms of the Income Tax Act, Chapter 123 of the laws of Malta (the 'ITA').1
On the other hand, persons not ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta (including persons resident but not ordinarily resident or domiciled in Malta such as companies incorporated outside Malta but managed and controlled from Malta) are chargeable to tax in Malta on Malta source income and gains and foreign source income (not gains) which is received in Malta.
In turn, royalties derived by a taxpayer from patents would represent chargeable income in terms of the ITA, irrespective as to whether such royalties represent passive income or, alternatively, active income derived from a trade or business.
Accordingly, royalties accruing to a person ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta would be subject to tax in Malta – regardless of the source of such royalties. However, should non-Malta source royalties accrue to a person who is not both ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta, such royalties would not be chargeable to tax in Malta except to the extent that they are received in Malta.
2. Malta Tax Exemption
Whilst royalties represent chargeable income in terms of the ITA as aforesaid, an exemption from Malta tax was recently introduced and is available in respect of all royalties derived by a person that owns and grants rights to use a qualifying patent.
The tax exemption was introduced with a view to assisting creative research and development resulting in the registration of patents and, additionally, in order to encourage researchers to exploit intellectual property through the licensing of patent rights. As such, the Malta tax exemption applies regardless of the place or places where any relevant research and development resulting in the qualifying patent may have been undertaken.
Accordingly, by virtue of the said tax exemption, royalties accruing to any person (including a company) who owns a qualifying patent would, at that person's option, be wholly exempt from tax in Malta if such royalties are receivable by way of consideration for the grant by that person of a licence to an enterprise to exercise rights under the qualifying patent in the course, directly or indirectly, of a productive economic activity undertaken by that enterprise – such as manufacturing, software development or data processing.
However, an individual in receipt of royalties from a qualifying patent would only be entitled to the Malta tax exemption should s/he have been involved, alone or otherwise, in the research, planning, processing, experimenting, testing, devising, designing, developing or other similar activity leading to the relevant invention which is the subject of the said qualifying patent. The Malta tax exemption is accordingly unavailable in respect of royalties derived by an individual from an otherwise qualifying patent but which was acquired by that individual who was not, therefore, involved as required in the development of the patented invention.
No such restriction applies in respect of royalties derived by any other person (not being an individual). As a result, royalties accruing to a company (or other body or persons) may be exempted from tax in Malta, at the option of the company, even if such royalties are receivable merely pursuant to the acquisition of the qualifying patent and the grant of a license to an enterprise to exercise rights thereunder in the course of a productive economic activity.
The enterprise acquiring rights to exploit a qualifying patent may be independent or affiliated to the licensor. However, if the licensor and licensee are affiliated enterprises2, the licensor would only be entitled to the benefits of the Malta tax exemption if the amount of royalties receivable under the relevant license would not exceed the amount that would have been paid at arm's length between independent enterprises and, additionally, provided that the affiliated licensee would be directly involved in the required productive economic activity.
2.1 Qualifying Patents
Qualifying patents comprise patents registered in Malta or elsewhere. However royalties derived from a patent registered outside Malta would be eligible for exemption if the invention which is the subject of the relevant patent is patentable under applicable Maltese law3 or is the result of fundamental research4 or industrial research5 or experimental development.6
The benefits of the Malta tax exemption are available only pursuant to receipt of confirmation from Malta Enterprise7 that royalties which may accrue in terms of a given license agreement (granting rights of use over a patent) would qualify for the said exemption. Such confirmation would be obtained in the form of a certificate pursuant to the submission of a prescribed application to Malta Enterprise for consideration together with all required supporting documentation.8
In addition to the aforesaid, should any tax exempt royalty income accrue to a company, the Malta tax exemption would be preserved at the level of that company's shareholders insofar as no Malta tax would be levied or withheld upon the onward distribution of the underlying exempt royalties by the company in favour of its shareholders. The Malta tax exemption is, in fact, specifically preserved through successive dividend distributions even when the relevant royalty income is finally distributed to individual shareholders.
3. Tax Deductions
Expenses incurred by a taxpayer wholly and exclusively in the production of income would represent deductible expenses for domestic tax purposes. Accordingly, insofar as expenses are deductible if they are incurred in the production of the income, capital expenses and pre-income earning expenses incurred in setting up a source of income are, as a rule, not deductible except by virtue of specific exceptions allowing deductibility.
In this respect, the ITA specifically allows the deductibility of capital and pre-income earning expenses incurred by a taxpayer engaged in business on patents and patent rights for the use and benefit of the said business. Accordingly, costs incurred in acquiring patents rights (being capital in nature) and costs incurred in developing and then patenting an invention (typically incurred prior to the production of income) would represent deductible expenses for domestic tax purposes.
Capital expenses incurred on patents and patent rights must be spread over the life of the said patents or patent rights in a reasonable manner to the satisfaction of the local tax authorities. It is understood that the spread of such expenditure should be in equal annual instalments over the lifetime of the patent or patent rights. However, current expenditure incurred in developing and then patenting an invention (including, in practice, costs of materials, overheads, wages and registration fees) would be deductible as and when incurred.
At any rate, capital and current expenditure incurred on patents and patent rights would be deductible against income derived from such patents or patent rights. As a result, a person incurring and deducting such expenditure would not also be entitled to benefit from the Malta tax exemption described in Section 2 above and which may otherwise be available in respect of royalty income receivable from patents.
3.1 Patents as Capital Assets
Insofar as capital and current expenditure on patents and patent rights would be deductible by taxpayers carrying on a business and, additionally, if the expenditure was incurred for the purposes of that business, a person acquiring a patent to hold the same as a capital asset and to earn income therefrom, pursuant to the grant of one or more licenses to use the patent, would not be entitled to deduct the acquisition cost of the patent from royalty income receivable (although that income may be exempt as aforesaid).
However, the said patent would represent a chargeable asset for the purposes of Malta tax on capital gains levied under the ITA. Accordingly, Malta tax would be chargeable upon the disposal of any such patent which was held as a capital asset. The amount of tax payable would be computed by the deduction of the acquisition cost of the patent from the consideration received from the transferee pursuant to the disposal thereof. As a result, whilst the acquisition cost of the patent would not be allowable as a deduction against royalty income received from the patent, that acquisition cost would eventually be deducted from the consideration received pursuant to the disposal of the patent in order to compute the extent of chargeable gains derived as a result.
4. Interest & Royalties Directive and Treaties
Maltese limited liability companies are entitled to the benefits of the EC Interest and Royalties Directive9 and, accordingly, royalties derived from associated companies in other Member States should not suffer withholding tax in the source state.
In this respect, whilst the provisions of the said Directive have been transposed into domestic law, Malta grants a unilateral exemption on outbound royalties payable to a non-resident (whether the recipient of the royalties is resident in a EU Member State or otherwise). In fact, Malta does not levy or withhold tax on any outbound royalties payable to a non-resident except where such royalties are effectively connected with a permanent establishment through which the non-resident carries on business in Malta and provided that the non-resident is not owned or controlled by, directly or indirectly, nor acts on behalf of an individual or individuals who are ordinarily resident and domiciled in Malta.
Malta also has a large and expanding double tax treaty network with 58 treaties currently in force. Whilst Malta's treaties are based on the OECD Model, a limited right to tax outbound royalties is reserved to the country of source in many of Malta's treaties. The maximum withholding rate is typically 10%.
In light of the domestic tax considerations highlighted above and Malta's generally favourable effective tax rates and furthermore, in view of additional non-tax considerations including Malta's comparatively low establishment and operating costs, strategic location at the centre of the Mediterranean and hard working professional tradition (with English being a national language), Malta should represent an increasingly attractive jurisdiction for enterprises undertaking research and development or seeking to relocate income generating patents or such other assets.
1 Companies are liable to tax in Malta at the flat rate of 35% whilst individuals pay tax in Malta at progressive rates (35% being the maximum marginal rate).
2 Two enterprises would be affiliated in terms of the relevant rules regulating the Malta tax exemption when:
- one enterprise holds a majority of the shareholders' or members' voting rights in the another; or
- one enterprise is entitled to appoint or remove a majority of the administrative, management or supervisory body of the other; or
- a contract between the enterprises, or a provision in the memorandum or articles of association of one of the enterprises, enables one to exercise a dominant influence over the other; or
- one enterprise is able, by agreement, to exercise sole control over a majority of shareholders' or members' voting rights in the other.
3 Patents and Designs Act, Chapter 417 of the laws of Malta.
4 Fundamental research is defined in the relevant domestic rules as constituting experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any direct practical application or use in view.
5 Industrial research is defined in the relevant domestic rules as involving planned research or critical investigation aimed at the acquisition of new knowledge and skills for developing new products, processes or services or for bringing about a significant improvement in existing products, processes or services. Such research also comprises the creation of components of complex systems, which is necessary for the industrial research, notably for generic technology validation.
6 Experimental development involves acquiring, combining, shaping and using existing scientific, technological, business and other relevant knowledge and skills for the purpose of producing plans and arrangements or designs for new, altered or improved products, processes or services. Such development may also include other activities aiming at the conceptual definition, planning and documentation of new products, processes and services. The activities may comprise producing drafts, drawings, plans and other documentation, provided that they are not intended for commercial use. The development of commercially usable prototypes and pilot projects is also included in the definition of 'experimental development' where the prototype is necessarily the final commercial product and where it is too expensive to produce for it to be used only for demonstration and validation purposes (in case of a subsequent commercial use of demonstration or pilot projects, any revenue generated from such use must be deducted from the eligible costs). The experimental production and testing of products, processes and services are also eligible, provided that these cannot be used or transformed to be used in industrial applications or commercially. Experimental development does not include the routine or periodic changes made to products, production lines, manufacturing processes, existing services and other operations in progress, even if such changes may represent improvements.
7 Malta Enterprise is the domestic agency responsible for the promotion of foreign investment and industrial development in Malta.
8 The said certificate would be valid for a period not exceeding three years. However, upon the lapse of three years, an application for renewal may be submitted to Malta Enterprise for consideration.
9 Council Directive of 3 June 2003 on a common system of taxation applicable to interest and royalty payments made between associated companies of different Member States (2003/49/EC).
Dr. Robert Taylor East is an associate at Zammit & Associates - Advocates and heads its Tax practice. He may be contacted on [email protected]
Copyright © 2011. Zammit & Associates & Advocates. All rights reserved.
The content of this article is intended to provide a general guide to the subject matter. Specialist advice should be sought about your specific circumstances. | <urn:uuid:feacd822-77fa-4e20-805e-e7d07422a88c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.mondaq.com/x/131460/Income+Tax/Malta+Tax+Treatment+of+Royalties+Derived+From+Patents | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00044-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95319 | 2,683 | 1.710938 | 2 |
Modern time travel through Vienna
The location is historical; the ambiance is modern: Go on a journey through the centuries in the vaulted ceilings of St. Michael’s monastery on Habsburgergasse. Your trip begins in a 5D cinema that takes visitors back to the age of Roman Vienna. The program also includes the Black Death in Vienna with plagues of rats (experienced up close!) and the second Turkish siege of Vienna in 1683.
The Emperor Maximilian I., Franz Joseph and his Sisi as well as Maria Theresia (in the form of animatronic figures) are the stars of the "Habsburg Show", which takes a tongue-in-cheek look back at the history of their family. In the "Ballroom", Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Johann Strauß deliver a verbal exchange of blows. Carousels and waltz music provide a festive atmosphere.
Other themes include the two world wars and the signing of the State Treaty on 15 May 1955. It ends with an interactive horse-drawn carriage ride through Vienna. The carriage "flies" and rides over the Imperial Palace, Stadtpark, State Opera to Schönbrunn and the Prater.
The total of seven stops are equipped with state-of-the-art show and effects technology. A "tour" lasts around 50 minutes through the virtual 1,300 m² world of history in Vienna’s underground. The show is in German. Special audio guides provide a simultaneous translation of the tour guides as well as the show and film texts (10 languages to choose from).
Time Travel ViennaHabsburgergasse 10a, 1010 Wien
- Adults €19,50
- Children (5 to 14 years) €15,50
- Your benefit with the Vienna Card: 5€ off
- daily, 10:00 - 20:00
- Last entry: 7 p.m.
- no steps (Double swinging doors 180 cm wide )
- 120 cm wide and 140 cm low , Door 90 cm wide
- Wheelchair accessible restroom available.
Special offers for people with disabilities
People with disabilities receive discounted admission. One escort per wheelchair user receives free admission.
Elevator to the lower floors, wheelchair users can only reach some parts of the show via stairlift or or a circuitous route. Seeing-eye dogs not permitted.
- Main entrance | <urn:uuid:373edaaf-a9a7-4a84-b9da-de8bb3f4210b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.wien.info/en/sightseeing/sights/time-travel-vienna | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00435-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.87904 | 502 | 2.046875 | 2 |
Early attachment relationships are important, as the bonds made with significant others in childhood affect the emotional and physical health of individuals throughout life. The aim of this study was to explore how early Attachment relationships relate to levels of Resilience, and how these are related to levels of perceived stress and use of coping strategies. It was hypothesised that individuals with a secure attachment style would relate to higher levels of Resilience, and these variables in turn would correlate positively with proactive coping strategies and negatively with perceived stress. A cross-sectional sample of 196 volunteers (16 males, age M = 38.63 years, SD = 15.56 and 180 females, age M = 32.74 years, SD = 9.98) completed an online questionnaire assessing Attachment style, Resilience, perceived Stress, and coping styles. The results indicated a secure attachment style correlated with Resilience (r = .55). Both Secure attachment and Resilience correlated with greater use of proactive coping strategies (r > .24), and negatively with ratings of stress (r = -.20 and -.53, respectively). An exploratory analysis failed to support Resilience as a mediator of Attachment on Stress. Directions for future studies and implications of the findings are also discussed.
Exercise has been shown to have numerous health benefits including reductions in anxiety. Despite the known benefits of exercise, few people actually engaged in the recommended level of health activity. One major reason people report for their failure to exercise is a lack of time. The aims in this study were to determine 1) whether or not exercisers do report lower levels of anxiety than non-exercisers, 2) if non-exercisers have less discretionary time than exercisers and 3) to compare exercisers and non-exercisers on their time structure. One hundred and thirty-one volunteers (70% females) provided information on their typical exercise behavior, completed the anxiety subscale of the Profile of Mood States, and the Time Structure Questionnaire. Results indicate a tendency for non-exercising females to report higher scores on anxiety than all other participants, that exercisers were more focused on task completion, and that there is no difference in the discretionary time of exercisers and non-exercisers thus challenging the myth that lack of time prevents people from exercising. These results are discussed in terms of future programs. | <urn:uuid:84dd518a-411d-4752-b2fa-c09daf0232cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository?view=null&f0=sm_creator%3A%22Moore%2C+Kathleen%22&f1=sm_subject%3A%22Anxiety%22&sort=null | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817001643-20220817031643-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.956338 | 487 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Comparing the Three DS Versions
Figure 3 compares the original Nintendo DS in silver, a Nintendo DS Lite in black and the new DSi in blue. As you can see the DS Lite and the DSi are considerably smaller than the original DS. Yet the DS Lite and the DSi are similarly sized, with the DSi only slightly larger than the DS Lite. The DSi is 5 25/64" x 2 61/64" x 3/4" (13.7 x 7.49 x 1.89 cm). The DS Lite is 5 15/64" x 2 29/32" x 27/32" (13.3 x 7.39 x 2.15 cm). The two units are approximately the same weight at about 7.5 oz (214 g). By the way, we’ve already posted a review of Nintendo DS Lite, and you may want to check it out.
Even though it is similar in size, the DSi is slightly thinner and feels better in the hand. Nintendo also has given the DSi a matte finish compared to the shiny DS Lite. This makes the DSi a little easier to grip and also eliminates all of the smudges and fingerprints that constantly appeared on the DS Lite.
The size of both screens has been increased from 3” (diagonal) in the DS Lite to 3.25” in the DSi. As shown in Figure 4, this is only a slight increase, but it does make a difference when game playing.
As you can also see in Figure 4, the main layout of the controls remains the same, with only slight adjustment to the hardware, which will be covered in the next section.
The biggest change in the DSi is the addition of two cameras, support for a removable storage card, and added audio capabilities, which we will discuss in the next section. In order to incorporate these new capabilities in a similar-sized unit, Nintendo removed the GameBoy Advanced cartridge slot. The GameBoy was Nintendo’s main gaming device previous to the Nintendo DS. So where you can play GameBoy cartridges on the Nintento Lite, you cannot do so in the DSi. If you have a lot of GameBoy games, this may be a reason not to upgrade to the DSi. However, we do not fault Nintendo for removing the compatibility with older games. As technology improves, we sometimes have to move on and make way for the new.
Nintendo has implemented a more powerful chip in the DSi. It has an ARM9E CPU clocked at 133 MHz, as compared to the ARM9 at 66 MHz in the DS Lite.
As one might expect, because of the cameras and other new features, the DSi battery does not last quite as long as the battery in the DS Lite. However, Nintendo still rates it at 9-14 hours at the lowest brightness, 8-12 hours at low brightness, 6-9 hours at medium brightness, 4-6 hours at high brightness, and 3-4 hours at the highest brightness. This is still adequate to get a full day of gaming for most users. As in the DS Lite, the battery is user-replaceable and can be removed by unscrewing two screws on the bottom of the device, shown in Figure 5.
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Comparing the Three DS Versions
- 3. DSi Hardware
- 4. New Interface & Connectivity
- 5. Cameras and Sound
- 6. Specifictions
- 7. Summary | <urn:uuid:53a39176-00e3-4d5b-968c-894a296f70b6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/nintendo-dsi-review/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00144-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932586 | 727 | 1.5 | 2 |
≈ ∞ "Approximately Infinite ' is a traditionally exibited sculpture,
made granite, steel ropes and tensioning system.
Its compositing is based on the matematicacl symbol of infinity ∞
The steel rops, which aiso have a structural function, depict the
curves of the infinity symbol aroundhte three - dimensional stone
forms. The sculpture possesses concrete physical parameters and logic,
derivedfrom natural phenomena like gravity, tension, strength,
flexibility, etc. Employed are the characteristic and emblematic
properties of the materials used ( firmness and strenght of stone,
hardness and flexibility of steel). The sculpture includes one more
element, which in its essence it "action" - through thetensioning
all composition elements are tieg into a single unit. This tensioning
chenges the angle of come of the elements, placing them in "impossible"
position, creating unusual, extraordinary sensation.
- Exclusive to Artfinder
- Best Price Guaranteed
- Ready to Hang | <urn:uuid:793e3b49-04a5-4413-bf6d-c6e113d40584> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.artfinder.com/product/approx-infinitely/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00265-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.857934 | 219 | 1.617188 | 2 |
On Wednesday, June 26 the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee held a hearing titled Artificial Intelligence: Societal and Ethical Implications to review the diverse ethical and social implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI). The committee heard from panelists about the complications of AI as well as several policy recommendations.
CRA Government Affairs
The Computing Research Association (or CRA) has been involved in shaping public policy of relevance to computing research for more than two decades. More recently the CRA Government Affairs program has enhanced its efforts to help the members of the computing research community contribute to the public debate knowledgeably and effectively.
Tag Archive: ethics | <urn:uuid:5136d4d1-5f56-40b9-bde0-8d662c208b06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://turing.cra.org/govaffairs/blog/tag/ethics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.947225 | 127 | 1.75 | 2 |
"Falls from heights are a major workplace hazard resulting in fatalities and injuries across a broad range of Victorian industries, with the construction industry accounting for 27 per cent of all related injury claims." WorkSafe Media Release.
Working on ladders is a huge hazard.
The Monash University Accident Research Centre (MUARC) reports that for the two year period of a study undertaken by them (2002/3-2003/4) ladder use was related to at least 12 deaths and more than 5000 hospital treated injuries. More than 80% of those injured were male. MUARC's winter 2006 edition of its HAZARD newsletter - which can be downloaded from the right hand side of the page, focuses on ladder related injuries, and provides these and other statistics, as well as some practical advice.
Part 3.3 (Prevention of Falls) of the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations (2007) specifically targets falls from heights of more than two metres, which result in a high number of deaths. There are two codes to support the regulation:
- Prevention of Falls in General Construction Compliance Code (2008)
- Prevention of Falls in Housing Construction (Code of Practice No.29, 2004) - note that although this is a Code of Practice under the old Act, it is still 'state of knowledge'
For more information on prevention of falls, go to the FAQ Working from heights - what are the regulations?
Basically, the regulations say that ladders should only be used as more or less the last resort if undertaking a task at heights. In 2013 the Victorian Coroner's Court, investigating the death of a plumber who fell off an A-Frame ladder, made a number of recommendations. As a result of these, the worker's union, the PTEU (Plumbers' Union), has developed a poster and also a Safe Work Method Statement (downloadable from the right hand side of this page).
In addition, WorkSafe Victoria developed and issued a Guidance Note: Prevention of falls in construction - selection and use of ladders. It states:
Portable ladders are one of the least stable but most commonly used tools for working at heights. Unlike passive fall prevention devices (eg scaffolding, EWPs or guardrails), portable ladders typically require users to be more vigilant about the risk of falling when working at heights.
Before choosing to use a ladder, you must identify whether a ladder offers the highest level of protection that is reasonably practicable. This is performed by following the hierarchy of control for prevention of falls.
Portable ladders should comply with the requirements of the latest editions of relevant Australian Standard: AS/NZS 1892 Portable Ladders.
There are separate parts which apply to metal ladders, timber ladders and reinforced plastic ladders.
Fixed ladders must comply with the requirements of the most up to date relevant Australian Standard: AS1657 Fixed Platforms, walkways, stairways and ladders – Design, construction and installation; and also the Australian Building Code (since May 2015 this has regulatory status)
Are ladders being used safely?
Ladders should only be used for very light work where there is no danger of over reaching and the worker can steady him or herself at all times. Ladders should only be set up on firm flat surfaces. Single and extension ladders should be fixed against movement or footed by another person.
Make sure the ladder is high enough for the job so that workers do not have to stand higher than 900 mm from the top (for single and extension ladders) or the third tread from the top plate of a step ladder. Domestic grade ladders are not suitable for normal building work.
Metal or metal-reinforced ladders should not be used in proximity to any live electrical equipment or power lines.
Ladder bracket scaffolds are only suitable for very light work such as signwriting and should never be set up at heights greater than 2 metres.
Trestle ladder scaffolds should also not be used where a person or object could fall more than 2 metres.
The employer should provide adequate and safe stepladders, or something similar, in any workplace (for example offices, schools) as necessary to enable workers to reach higher shelves, etc. Read more
All employers have a general duty of care under Section 21 of the OHS Act to provide and maintain a healthy and safe workplace, systems of work and plant for employees and others. So even if there are no specific regulations on ladders, the employer must take all reasonable steps to make sure that any risks associated with working on ladders are eliminated or reduced as much as possible.
Please note: There is no such thing as a 'ladder license' under Victorian OHS legislation - nor in WHS legislation around Australia. However, there seems to be a view, particularly in schools, that such a thing exists.
The Victorian Education department has guidelines/policy on working at heights.
Previous advice from the Department stated: 'do not use a ladder where
you could fall more than 2mts unless you have authorisation' - and this may have led to the mistaken belief that this meant having a licence. There are
also compliance guidelines on the Education Department site for
Prevention of Falls and Preventing Falls of greater than 2 metres. For
links to the department guidelines, go to this page in the Education section of this website.
There are also short courses available on height safety (eg provided through TAFEs or private providers).
- The WorkSafe Victoria Falls Prevention topic page, for information and fact sheets including:
- Prevention of Falls – Ladders: a 6 page brochure from WorkSafe intended to illustrate practical methods of reducing the likelihood of injuries from falls, both above and below two metres. The publication covers risk assessment, examples of acceptable ladder use, correct use, and ladder maintenance
- Basic steps to Preventing Falls from Heights - provides guidance to assist employers in identifying risks and situations where someone may fall from height. It includes solutions on what safety measures are needed to prevent a fall or minimize the risk.
- a June 2013 guidance note, Prevention of falls in construction – Selection and safe use of portable ladders in response to a Coroner's recommendation following the fatality of a plumber who fell while working from a ladder. The guidance note was developed jointly with employers and unions.
- NSW Work Cover: chapter 7 of the Managing the Risk of Falls at Workplaces Code of Practice [pdf] has information on ladders, including portable ladders. The regulator also has a page on Falls
- From the UK's HSE Using Ladders Safely webpage, and a number of guides, including: Safe use of ladders and stepladders - a brief guide;
- From WorkSafe British Columbia (Canada) a page of resources on Ladder Safety, including well-illustrated booklet Safe Ladder Use [pdf]
- From Melbourne's Alfred Hospital: a Ladder Safety Guide - developed following research which showed that increasing numbers of men are being injured and killed falling from ladders
Last amended February 2016 | <urn:uuid:d064bf26-d2aa-4e18-85e4-a53479c363e6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ohsrep.org.au/ohs-in-your-industry/labour-hire/ladders-what-are-the-rules-and-regulations | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937752 | 1,453 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Canadian Forest Service Publications
Silviculture to sustain productivity in black spruce paludified forests. 2016. Lafleur, B.; Renard, S.; Leroy, C.; Fenton, N.J.; Simard, M.; Gauthier, S.; Paré, D.; Leduc, A.; Thiffault, N.; Bergeron, Y. For. Ecol. Manag. 375:172-181.
Issued by: Laurentian Forestry Centre
Catalog ID: 36965
Availability: PDF (request by e-mail)
Available from the Journal's Web site. †
† This site may require a fee
Fire is considered the major disturbance in boreal forests. Nonetheless, in several areas logging has become the primary driver of forest dynamics. In many areas of the boreal forest, stands may undergo paludification (i.e. the accumulation of thick, poorly decomposed organic layers over the mineral soil) in the prolonged absence of fire, which reduces forest productivity. Whereas high-severity fires (HSF) may restore forest productivity by burning the soil organic layer (SOL), low-severity fires (LSF) mainly burn the soil surface and do not significantly reduce SOL thickness. In the Clay Belt region of eastern Canada, an area prone to paludification, forest stands have historically been harvested by clearcutting (CC), but concerns about the protection of soils and tree regeneration lead to the replacement of CC by careful logging (CL). Whereas CC disturbs the SOL and is thought to favor tree growth, CL has little impact on the SOL. Furthermore, it has been suggested that prescribed burning after clearcut (CCPB) could also be used to control paludification. Using a retrospective approach, this study sought to understand how CC, CL, and CCPB compare to LSF and HSF with respect to soil properties, SOL thickness, vegetation ground cover, tree nutrition, and stand height in paludified black spruce stands of the Clay Belt region. HSF led to significantly taller trees than CL and LSF, but did not differ from CC and CCPB. Foliar N was significantly higher in HSF and CCPB sites relative to CL and LSF, with an intermediate value in CC sites. Ground cover of Rhododendron groenlandicum was significantly lower in HSF and CC sites relative to LSF, with intermediate values in CL and CCPB sites. Sphagnum spp. ground cover was significantly lower in HSF and CCPB sites relative to CL, with intermediate values in CC and LSF sites. High-severity fire sites had a significantly thinner SOL than the four other disturbances. Finally, regression tree analysis showed that SOL thickness represented the best predictor of tree height, whereas segmented regression showed that tree height was negatively correlated to SOL thickness and revealed a cut-off point circa 23 cm, which suggests that tree growth is impeded beyond this threshold. These results support the idea that management strategies intending to regenerate paludified forests should primarily aim at reducing organic layer thickness, either through mechanical disturbance or combustion.
Plain Language Summary
The results of this review indicate that management strategies targeting the regeneration of forests that are likely to become peatlands should focus on reducing the layer of organic matter on the ground through mechanical disturbance of the soil or prescribed burning.
In this article, the researchers set out to understand the effects of forest fires and certain silvicultural treatments (clearcutting, cutting with protection of regeneration and soils, prescribed burning) on the regeneration of black spruce stands that are likely to become peatlands.
The natural process by which the layer of organic matter on the ground continuously thickens is known as paludification. Among other repercussions, tree growth is progressively restricted as the layer of organic matter thickens. | <urn:uuid:97e00ed7-d594-49f7-972e-b32d86903ec3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cfs.nrcan.gc.ca/publications?id=36965 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.932159 | 811 | 2.25 | 2 |
Before you ask, no this is not a chocolate mod. This mod adds Chocobos. In case you did not know, chocobos are land-birds that can be used as a mount. They are sort of like colorful ostriches, only a lot less ugly and mean. Sure, with the recent Minecraft update, players can tame and ride horses.
Still, chocobos have the advantage over horses because they are not only faster, but can also have special abilities. Chocobos can be used for more than just a mode of transports. Depending on what the player does, chocobos can be farmed for their meat and feathers or they can act like a pet, following the player and fighting monsters.Not only that, but Chocobos come in a number of different types.
Chocobo Colors and Abilities
- Yellow: Average, no special skills
- Green: Can climb blocks
- Blue: Can cross water quickly
- White: Climb and cross water, only faster
- Black: Jump high, climb, cross water, even faster
- Gold/Pink/Red: Fastest chocobos, can also fly and do not take fall damage
- Purple: Fly as well, only slower, they also are immune to fire and lava
Taming a Chocobo
Chocobos can be tamed much like a wolf or cat. That is, when you find a wild chocobo, feed them some “gysahl greens” (which is a new plant added by the mod). Hearts and a red collar will appear when the chocobo has been tamed.Once tamed, the chocobo will behave much like a cat or dog and follow the player around. However, players can equip their chocobo with a saddle. Once saddle, the chocobo behaves more like a horse. Players can then ride their chocobo by right clicking it.Tamed chocobos can be bred by the player as well, much like cows and sheep. Some chocobo types, such as gold, can only be obtained through breeding. | <urn:uuid:c560399a-c75b-4353-86c8-6723922fb273> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://minecraft-mods.org/chococraft-mod/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95613 | 424 | 1.867188 | 2 |
We've seen this before, and now we are seeing it again.
This time it was President Barack Obama's quick, unadvertised visit to Afghanistan to sign a partnership deal with President Hamid Karzai, and to assure U.S. troops and all Americans that "there is light on the horizon."
In other words, Obama is all but conceding defeat.
We saw it in Vietnam when then-President Richard Nixon assured that the withdrawal of American troops meant "peace with honour" -- and America's South Vietnamese allies were abandoned to the forces of Ho Chi Minh.
President Obama promises that U.S. forces will mostly be out of Afghanistan by 2014, except for those training the Afghan National Army. Already, negotiations are underway with the Taliban to "share power" while continuing to pursue al-Qaida.
The U.S. plans no permanent bases in Afghanistan.
There are several points that could be made from Obama's Afghanistan speech.
First of all, if one is intent on winning a war, or at least not guaranteeing one's own defeat, one does not give a timetable for leaving, and proclaiming that your fighting soldiers will cease fighting on such-and-such a given date.
Where, in that, is the incentive for the enemy to stop fighting?
And does one notice how Obama stresses that it's al-Qaida that is now the enemy and not the Taliban? While the U.S. invaded Afghanistan to rid the country of al-Qaida training camps, it was the Taliban who were the main enemy. And over most of the last decade, the casualties endured by American, and Canadian soldiers in Afghanistan, were inflicted by the Taliban, not al-Qaida.
Again, the idea of "sharing" power with the Taliban, or even including the Taliban in some sort of regime of reconciliation, is nonsense. Of course the Taliban leaders may agree -- why not? Agreements mean little in that part f the world -- look at Syria where Bashar al-Assad assured the UN he'd halt killing Syrian citizens, and then continued killing Syrians.
The Taliban are capable of agreeing to anything that suits their interests, and then ignoring any deal, and grabbing all power. Little about the Taliban indicates willingness to share power. They want to win. Period.
It's understandable that President Obama wants the Afghan mission concluded, victory or no victory.
There have been some positive changes. A lot of money has been invested (or at least spent) in Afghanistan. But it's still a country where, if the Taliban have power, Sharia law will flourish, women will continue to be persecuted, niceties like amputations, stoning, honour killings and such will blossom.
Miscalculation has been a cornerstone of U.S. policy in Afghanistan and Iraq.
Ironically, Iraq (for which Obama blamed former President George Bush) has tamed down, while Afghanistan, which Obama adopted as "his" war, has become the disaster of the moment.
Perhaps "disaster" is too strong a word. Much of the country is pacified and has benefited from the presence of Western soldiers and aid agencies.
But positive gains are destined to fade if the Taliban again assumes power -- a reality to which President Obama (and certainly some Canadians) seem resigned after Alliance troops pull out, and leave the country to its own devices. | <urn:uuid:60679770-e1e1-4ef9-a371-98b68597c3b1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/peter-worthington/obama-afghanistan-withdrawal_b_1476332.html?ref=canada-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963025 | 685 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Hundreds of species under threat, critical reefs could be destroyed
Hundreds of species that make up the world's coral reefs are faced with extinction, which could result in the destruction of reefs that provide habitats for 25% of all marine life. Up to a third of all coral is immediately threatened, reports the Los Angeles Times
. Global warming is one... | <urn:uuid:16f0122b-bc9c-43db-bdbd-38aed374c524> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newser.com/tag/32567/1/international-union-for-conservation-of-nature.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93779 | 70 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Beyond Geography: The Western Spirit Against The Wilderness, Revised
"With learning that embraces not only the history but the literary evolution, the dreams, and the profound psychic cravings of Western development, with insight, elegance, and uncanny precision that his readers have come to take for granted, Turner's work addresses the underlying delusion, the tragedy, the wreckage of our age, and how it came to pass. We are all in his debt." --W. S. Merwin "It is an astonishing performance and it works--not merely because Turner writes with a grace and perception that place him with a handful of historians who can be called great literary stylists, but because he has an idea going here, a significant one. . . . [A] brilliant, demanding, and important work." --San Francisco Chronicle "This is no ordinary critique of modern civilization . . . Beyond Geography is clearly a work of brilliance and imagination, a compelling, disturbing, and uncommonly literate exploration of one of mankind's most basic dilemmas." --Atlantic Monthly First published in 1980, Beyond Geography continues to influence and impress its readers, providing a reconstruction of the spiritual history that led up to the European domination and decimation of native culture that were as rich in mythic life as the Western culture was barren. This new edition, prepared for the Columbus quincentennial, includes a new foreword by T. H. Watkins and a new preface by the author. As the public debates Columbus's legacy, it is important for us to learn of the spiritual background of European domination of the Americas, for the Europeans who conquered the Americas substituted history for myth as a way of understanding life. Frederick Turner is the author of six books, including a biography of John Muir, a personal investigation of the roots of New Orleans jazz, and a study of the making of the American literary landscape. His essays have appeared in such publications as the New York Times, International Herald Tribune, American Heritage, and the Nation.
Download Data provided by OpenISBN Project and others:
- Export Citation(BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan)
- Download multimedia files (txt, html, PDF)
- 0813519098.pdf (text only)
- 0813519098.zip (currently not available)
You can search on LeatherBound to download or purchase an ebook.
Searching Book Reviews... | <urn:uuid:35e41a9c-4a9c-4e51-9b38-f1afeecf4b9b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openisbn.com/isbn/9780813519098/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280929.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00422-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.912476 | 490 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Friday, April 12, 2013
Magic trick transforms conservatives into liberals
When US presidential candidate Mitt Romney said last year that he was not even going to try to reach 47% of the US electorate, and that he would focus on the 5–10% thought to be floating voters, he was articulating a commonly held opinion: that most voters are locked in to their ideological party loyalty. But Lars Hall, a cognitive scientist at Lund University in Sweden, knew better. “His calculation, only zeroing in on 10% of voters, is a risky proposition,” he says. When Hall and his colleagues tested the rigidity of people’s political attitudes and voting intentions during Sweden’s 2010 general election, they discovered that loyalty was malleable: nearly half of all voters were open to changing their minds. The team's work is published today in PLoS ONE1. Hall’s group polled 162 voters on the streets of Malmö and Lund during the final weeks of the election campaign, asking them which of two opposing political coalitions — conservative or social democrat/green — they intended to vote for, and how strongly they felt about their decision. The researchers also asked voters to rate where they stood on 12 political wedge issues, including tax rates and nuclear power. The person conducting the experiment secretly filled in an identical survey with the reverse of the voter's answers, and used sleight-of-hand to exchange the answer sheets, placing the voter in the opposite political camp (see video above). The researcher invited the voter to give reasons for their manipulated opinions, then summarized their score to give a probable political affiliation and asked again who they intended to vote for.
No more than 22% of the manipulated answers were detected, and 92% of the study participants accepted the manipulated summary score as their own. This did not surprise Hall, who has previously demonstrated similar reversal effects, known as choice blindness, in people’s aesthetic preferences2 and moral attitudes3. What is interesting about the latest study is that, on the basis of the manipulated score, 10% of the subjects switched their voting intentions, from right to left wing or vice versa. Another 19% changed from firm support of their preferred coalition to undecided. A further 18% had been undecided before the survey, indicating that as many as 47% of the electorate were open to changing their minds, in sharp contrast to the 10% of voters identified as undecided in Swedish polls at the time.
Posted by Azra Raza at 07:15 AM | Permalink | <urn:uuid:8d1db532-be91-4161-880d-e6b761aa0b94> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.3quarksdaily.com/3quarksdaily/2013/04/magic-trick-transforms-conservatives-into-liberals.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00196-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979965 | 515 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Objectives: To compare the communication skills shown by medical students during simulated patient interviews between those who received training in communication during the preclinical years and those who did not.
Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the communication skills of several cohorts of fourth-year medical students from Universitat Internacional de Catalunya during simulated patient interviews. Out of a total of 477 students included in the study, 229 (48%) had received training in communication skills through a 60-hour elective course during the preclinical second year, while the remaining 248 (52%) had received none. Communication skills were assessed by an evaluation team using a numerical scale (0 to 10) that included eight categories: "verbal", "non-verbal", "empathy", "concreteness", "warmth", "message content", "assertiveness", and "respect". Scores obtained by trained and non-trained students were compared using the t-test.
Results: A trend towards obtaining better results was observed among students who had received communication training (mean score: 6.98/10) versus none (6.83/10, t(1,869)=-1.95, p=0.05). Non-trained male students obtained significantly lower mean scores than non-trained females in the categories of "respect" (7.48/10 vs. 7.83/10, t(968)=-2.89, p<0.01), "verbal communication" (6.87/10 vs. 7.15/10, t(968)=-2.61, p=0.01), "warmth" (6.53/10 vs. 6.95/10, t(968)=-3.40, p<0.01), and "non-verbal communication" (6.49/10 vs. 6.79/10, t(968)=-2.48, p=0.01). Trained female and male students had similar scores.
Conclusions: Training in communication skills during the preclinical years may improve fourth-year students' performance in simulated interviews with patients, particularly among males. These results demonstrate the importance of introducing specific training in communication skills early in the undergraduate medical curriculum.
Keywords: medical students' performance; pre-clinical communication training; simulated patient interviews. | <urn:uuid:67ccd395-6ef7-4b03-9fd9-a268009f45c4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35716402/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.954699 | 481 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The Real History of Carter’s “Malaise” SpeechBy Russell Arben Fox for FRONT PORCH REPUBLIC
A couple of young, progressive liberals (Kevin Mattson and Ezra Klein) note what too many mainstream American politicians and pundits have conveniently forgotten: that President Jimmy Carter’s “malaise” speech–his thoughtful, brave, reflective call to America to embrace (or rather recover) an ethic limits, humility, and civic obligation, a call praised by the likes of Rod Dreher (and me)–was hardly a failure; the public responded well to it, recognizing in the sort of maturity that had been long missing from American political discourse. The “official” reaction was that the speech was a significant success, and would have a positive impact on the American character.
As it turned out, Carter was a far-from perfect messenger for this kind of message; his subsequent various missteps poisoned the public perception of everything he did or said, and made it easy for establishment voices–who had never liked the born-again Georgian as president, anyway–to capture the “official” story of the speech, and make it in public memory into a failure, a coffin nail in the Carter presidency. The forces then against thrift, conservation, and sacrifice won the battle over images and ideas, and the speech was dismissed as an act of incompetence. Perhaps it will ever be such. But history of his audacious speech at the time he gave it suggests that the ideals of a Front Porch Republic are not so lost to the American people as we sometime may fear. | <urn:uuid:3d108803-e897-4dd9-ad02-47b3f36aab74> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.frontporchrepublic.com/2009/04/the-real-history-of-carters-malaise-speech/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962725 | 335 | 2.453125 | 2 |
A Democrat in Florida’s House of Representatives is trying to make it illegal for big banks to charge Florida customers new monthly debit card fees.
Although skeptics say such a law could not be imposed because the United States has a long-standing dual banking system, Lake Worth Rep. Jeff Clemens (D) says his strategy will work, TampaBay.com reports.
Clemens introduced a bill that would prevent banks from imposing a dormancy fee or service fee on its debit card customers. His sights are set on banks like Bank of America and SunTrust, which have both recently announced higher debit card fees for their Florida customers.
"They sold us on the idea that we were going to move to a cashless society and waited until we got rid of our checkbooks and stopped carrying cash and sprung fees on us," Clemens said, according to TampaBay.com.
The banks argue that the new fees were necessary in order to recoup revenue lost to new federal regulations that reduced their ability to pay for services like fraud protection and rewards programs.
Clemens referred to the 2009 Cuomo vs. Clearing House Association U.S. Supreme Court case, which ruled that federal law did not preempt states from enforcing their own laws in cases against national banks.
Anthony DiMarco, a lobbyist for the Florida Bankers Association, disagrees.
State banks comply with state law and a few national regulations, DiMarco said, and national banks answer mostly to federal regulators like the FDIC. Big banks are allowed to charge fees under federal law, TampaBay.com reports. | <urn:uuid:9ad9ea4c-9e93-491d-a6f2-40896c55b0ea> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bankcreditnews.com/news/florida-lawmaker-introduces-bill-banning-debit-card-fees-in-state/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00265-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966261 | 321 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Main Article Content
Predatory hoverflies are useful pollinators in their adult stage and present a natural enemy of plant pests, especially of aphids in their larval stage.
The observations were made with the application of the following methods of catching: check of all leaves of 20 tobacco stalks; and check of 100 tobacco leaves in 10-day intervals during the entire period of vegetation of the tobacco. The collected material was further nourished and analysed under laboratory conditions. The tobacco crop was attacked only by Myzus persicae Sulzer and larvae were reared on tobacco leaves infested with M. persicae in Petri dishes.
During a period of three years Sphaerophoria scripta Linnaeus, Sphaerophoria rueppelli Wiedemann and Scaeva pyrastri Linnaeus are represented in great numbers. Under laboratory conditions the larvae from the species S. scripta consumed from 300 up to 365 aphids from the species M. persicae; the larvae from the species S. rueppelli, 280-321 aphids; and those of the species S. pyrastri, 280-563 aphids. These data show their great capacity for eating aphids. With their great voracity, and to preserve their own kind, they control the population of aphids on tobacco, and so have a great impact on the tobacco biocenoses. The aphidophagous Syrphidae are the main predators and they are ranged on the third trophic level of the food chain: tobacco leaf - aphids - aphidophagous hoverflies. In the complex food chain the aphidophagous Syrphidae are being parasitized by many species of parasites and because of that their ecological and economic use is lesser.
During the laboratory analyses from 2003-2005 we detected ten parasitic species of the order Hymenoptera, ecloded in the pupae of the aphidophagous Syrphidae: Pachyneuron grande Thomson, Pachyneuron cf. grande Thomson, Syrphophagus aeruginosus Dalman, Diplazon laetatorius Fabricius, Diplazon sp. 2, Diplazon sp. 3, Homotropus sp. 1, Homotropus sp. 2, Sussaba sp. 1, Promethes sp. 1.The parasitism has a negative impact on reducing the population of the future generation of the species Syrphidae. The species S. scripta, S. rueppelli and S. pyrastri can be used as integral protectors of the tobacco leaf aphids, because of their great numbers and their great voracity.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright: © 2019 The ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF SERBIA Staff. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
GILBERT, F.S., 1986. Hoverflies, Naturalists' Handbook 5. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 66 pp.
JANKOWSKA, B., 2004. Parasitoids of Aphidophagous Syrphidae occurring in cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) colonies on cabbage vegetables. Journal of plant protection research, 44(4): 229-305.
KRSTESKA, V., ANCEV, E. & POSTOLOVSKI, M., 2003. Species of the family Syrphidae (Diptera) predators of the leaf aphid Myzus persicae Sulz. of tobacco. Tobacco, 53(5-6): 167-174 [in Macedonian]
KRSTESKA, V., ANCEV, E. & POSTOLOVSKI, M., 2004. Aphidophagous hoverflies (Syrphidae, Diptera) on tobacco. In: Anonymous (ed.): 60 years ITP Plovdiv - Jubilee scientific conference with international participation, pp.: 260-269.
KRSTESKA, V., 2007. Aphidophagous hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) on tobacco in the region of Prilep. PhD Thesis (manusc.), University of Skopje, Faculty of agricultural science and food. [in Macedonian]
KRSTESKA, V., 2008. Population dynamics of aphidophagous hoverflies on tobacco plants. Acta entomologica serbica, 13(1/2): 27-41.
SCHNEIDER, F., 1950. The development of the syrphid parasitoid Diplazon fissorius Grav. in uni-, oligo-, and polyvoltine hosts, and its behaviour during activation of the diapause larvae using D. pectoratorius Grav. Mitteilungen der schweizerischen entomologischen Gesellschaft, 23: 155-194.
TODOROVSKI, B., 1965. Aphid Myzus (Myzodes) persicae Sulz. and the results of comparative experiments to suppress a variety of pesticides. Tutun, Prilep, 7/8: 223-248. [in Serbian] | <urn:uuid:e44ee81a-094e-47da-b76d-107e31a15920> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aes.bio.bg.ac.rs/index.php/aes/article/view/19 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.771076 | 1,165 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Speculator-Bashing: Scapegoating, Grandstanding
Speculator-bashing is another exercise in scapegoating and grandstanding. Leading politicians either don't understand what's happening or don't want to acknowledge their own complicity.
By their nature, raw materials (food, energy, minerals) sustain the broader economy. They're not just frills. When unexpectedly high demand strains existing production, prices rise sharply as buyers scramble for scarce supplies. That's what happened - in industry after industry, global buying has bumped up against production limits.
Politicians promise to tighten regulation of futures markets, but futures markets aren't the main problem. Scarcities are.
Government subsidies for corn-based ethanol have increased food prices by diverting more grain into biofuels. A third of this year's U.S. corn crop could go to ethanol. Restrictions on oil drilling in the U.S. have reduced global production and put upward pressure on prices. If politicians wish to point fingers of blame, they should start with themselves.
~Robert Samuelson in today's IBD | <urn:uuid:db50d4aa-da57-40ae-b125-b06920499314> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://mjperry.blogspot.com/2008/07/speculator-bashing-scapegoating.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00223-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.9555 | 224 | 2.0625 | 2 |
There are many types of graphs and charts that are commonly used for showing business reports.
Types of Graphs and Charts
In this article we are going to discuss about the different charts invented
and being used for representing the data in various formats in the applications.
These charts helps the developers to easily visualize the data to the business
users. In scientific and medical applications charts and graphs are extensively
used for visualizing the data.
In Java programming language there are many API's available for easily
creating the charts with very less code. You just have to use the API classes
and provide the data and call the few methods to generate the charts or graphs
of your choice.
There are many types of graphs and charts that are commonly
used for showing business reports. These are listed as follows.
Line graphs: A line graph is a way of representing two pieces of
information, which is usually related and vary with respect to each other. This is
useful when comparisons are needed. e.g.
Pie Charts: A pie chart is a type of a circle graph normally used
in showcasing a wholesome quantity; we have to show that
how this whole quantity is broken into parts. The whole quantity depicts entire
sample space and the pieces of pie in the circle
graph are called sectors.
Pie chart is very useful in the analysis of business data. Developers are using pie chart to represent the business data to stakeholders.
Bar Charts: This is a type of chart, which contains labeled
horizontal or vertical bars showing a piece of information and an axis. The
numbers along the side of bar graph compose the axis. This is also called as a
histogram; Bar Graph is useful when there is a numerical comparison.
Area Graphs: These graphs are used to show how something changes with
respect to time. An area graph shows the contribution of each data series in the
form of a picture.
This is a type of chart, which shows an increase or
decrease in a initial value. This contains floating vertical columns that shows the increase or decrease in a initial value through a series of
intermediate steps leading to a final value. An invisible column keeps the
increase or decrease related to the heights of the previous columns.
Polar Chart: A Polar Chart is a circular chart in which data is displayed in terms of values and angles.
This provides a mechanism to compare various qualitative and quantitative aspects of a situation graphically.
By using Polar Charts we can plot multiple data sets each with a single line with as many points as needed.
These are normally used in Engineering and modeling Industries.
A Polar Chart has two variables X and Y where X is plotted as an angle and Y is the radius.
In a Polar Chart the points are plotted in Polar coordinates rather than Cartesian coordinates.
In a Polar Chart the dataset having the maximum values covers the maximum area in the whole graph.
The X and Y-axes can be used to demonstrate real world quantities.
Above article will help you in understanding the types of Charts and
Graphs which can be used in the business or scientific applications. | <urn:uuid:cd52fd97-918f-4c66-b724-96aa052be3a7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.roseindia.net/chartgraphs/Types-of-graphs-and-charts.shtml | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00190-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918413 | 654 | 3.578125 | 4 |
You are passionate about early literacy. You know that helping students feel confident in their ability to read, write and communicate is essential in helping them develop confidence and self-esteem.
You know that starting early leads to fantastic results in a child’s engagement and ability to learn. You are structured and organised in your approach while still being able to relate and engage with your students. Your students love coming to your class and can see their progress each week.
You love reporting their success back to their parents and seeing the joy that it brings. You have an unwavering belief in the worth and the ability of every child and you have seen the miracles that come when students progress and learn to believe in themselves. Nothing can stop you in your determination to see that every child in your care succeeds and achieves their personal best. | <urn:uuid:20f346a7-8a9c-4508-a097-4f534820b516> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educationfirst.com.au/career/primary-english-coach/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.973905 | 165 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Till date in human history there have been lots of authors who have attracted their fair share of controversy because of the opinions that they have expressed through their works or the way in which they have expressed them. These authors have been ostracized by the very society on which they have based their works for supposedly bringing to life the less-than-palatable aspects of their being. They have been rejected in certain societies while they have been celebrated in others. People have been after their lives and authorities have labeled them as causes of social disruption – a sobriquet none of them perhaps ever wanted.
His is the most prominent name when it comes to controversial writers of the modern era. He attained much prominence when he won the Booker Prize for Midnight’s Children, his second novel. He is an author who specializes in the genre of magic realism, a genre made famous by Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Rushdie became infamous after writing Satanic Verses, which remains his most controversial work till date. This work invited global condemnation by Islamic religious groups as well as other authors for making fun of Islam and its ways. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the Supreme Leader of Iran, regarded this novel as blasphemous, and even issued a fatwa against him.
Nasrin started out being a doctor in Bangladesh and soon became an author and poet known for her fiery issues. She has been a highly controversial author who has faced widespread criticism from her peers as well as other intellectuals. Like Rushdie, she has ridiculed principles of Islam as well and made comments that have been deemed outrageous and offensive. From 1994 she has been living outside Bangladesh and at present she is in New Delhi, where she is working for causes related to human rights, equality for women, and freedom of thought.
The claim to fame for Judy Blume is writing one of the most debatable novels centering young adults and children. The main subjects of her novels have been teenagers, and the principal issues have been sexuality, friendship, existence of God, and religion. She has generally dealt with burning issues that can be regarded as strict no-nos for readers of a certain age group. This is also the reason why her works are barred from being available in the U.S. However, that has not stopped her from achieving sales figures in the region of 80 million copies around the world.
Thomas Paine is held as one of the founding fathers of the U.S. It was Paine who brought about a revolution of sorts when he wrote The Age of Reason, a deistic pamphlet that questions Bible’s authority and also criticizes the practices that are a part of institutionalized religion in a harsh manner. He was blacklisted for his efforts by his contemporary intellectuals and even now he is thought to be one of the most controversial writers of all time.
JD Salinger is the author of The Catcher in the Rye, a highly controversial novel, and he too is regarded as one of the most contentious authors of the 20th century. His works have been subjected to a significant amount of public scrutiny and garnered a lot of attention as well. The major characters in his films were social outcasts who looked for happiness by way of symbolism, loneliness, and religion. It is for employing such debatable subjects that Salinger has earned his place in the pantheon of controversial writers.
David Herbert Richards Lawrence was a man of many parts. He was a novelist, a poet, an essayist, and a painter. It was in the literary domain that he faced a significant amount of backlash by way of being persecuted by the authority and a constant and almost never-ending stream of censorship. Through his literary works Lawrence contributed to a lot of discussions regarding issues like religion, sex, and psychology. When he died, Lawrence was widely regarded as a pornographer who had ravaged his own artistic honesty, wealth of talents, and moral righteousness.
Voltaire is one of the principal figures of French Enlightenment. In his time, he attracted a fair bit of controversy because he propagated that people be allowed to choose their own religion and also asked for the State to be separated from the Church. He was a fervent advocate of social reform, something that was not viewed too kindly by the powers-that-be and as a result he was regarded as a controversial personality right from the start of his career as an author.
Freud found the discipline known as psychoanalysis and is highly regarded for his research in the domain of unconscious mind. His ideas on women are still the subject of much debate. Modern day psychology experts have found his theories on women to be lacking in sufficient scientific logic and are derogatory, and as a result these are no longer part of the popular discourse. Freudian theory regards sexual desire as the main source of motivation for humankind. This is the reason his books have been so controversial. However, for a period of 80 to 90 years, he has had significant impact on the Western psyche in general.
Mark Twain is known more – especially among children – for his epoch-making works such as The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The hallmarks of his writing were his wit and irony. However, many intellectuals have termed his satire to be insensitive and vulgar. Especially in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn he was said to have violated the traditions enshrined in American democracy. This work had some racial undertones that became a major issue at the time of the Civil Rights Movement.
Vladimir Nabokov wrote Lolita, an erotic novel that featured plenty of tongue-in-cheek humor. It was for this novel that the Russian author faced widespread criticism. Lolita is also known as one of the most erotic and disputed novels of the 20thcentury. In fact, the word Lolita has come to be associated with a girl who is aware of her own sexual capabilities and perhaps knows how to use them to her advantage. In spite of the scandalous nature of the book, Nabokov became highly famous and also amassed a lot of fortune.
- Most Expensive Cheese around the World
- Wines and Vineyards Around the World
- Drinks To Try Around the World
- Dance Forms Around the World
- Christmas Myths and Legends
- How to Say Hello around the World?
- The Dying Art of Hand Writing
- China to do away with one-child policy
- All you need to know about Halloween
- Top 10 Favorite Wines
- Ten Most Relished Foods Around the World
- Tribes Around the World
- Food Festivals Around the World
- Gay Laws Around the World
- Matriarchy Around the World
- Royal Families Around the World | <urn:uuid:34e1f8ed-e8c5-4db1-948d-d3a1ac310782> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.mapsofworld.com/around-the-world/controversial-writers-around-the-world.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572908.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817122626-20220817152626-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.984519 | 1,413 | 2.28125 | 2 |
This is my seventh year at Halstead which is also where I live with my wife and my soon to be two year old daughter.
View my complete profile
posted by Mr. Warsnak | 1/09/2007 06:59:00 AM
i think it is important to learn about it in general. if we don't know about the past, we are bound to repeat it. so, learning about it can prevent it from happening in the future. if something ever happens like when hitler became chancellor and president of Germany, we know what to do to stop it before millions of innocent lives are taken.
I think the most important thing to learn about WWII is all the faults that it had, so we can learn from past mistakes and know how to fix problems in the future.
i agree with megan. she's right when she says that if we dont learn about the past then we are bound to repeat it. but i think one of the main things that i learned from this WWII is that maybe a leader that is very sure and almost too confident is going to just try and take over everyone to the point of killing people that are against them. all of the Axis Power's leaders during WWII all had people killed for them and they executed many people also. leaders with too much confidence in themselves may repeat Mussolini or Hilter.
i also agree with the previous posts. if we don't learn form past mistakes then it has a good chance of happening again. i also think that we learned that you might have to enter war earlier to prevent horrible things from happening, like the holocaust.
I agree with myself. Not necessarily are we going to repeat ourselves. There were a lot of problems during WWII and it is not like we, the world , can stop it from happening again. But the most important thing to learn is that nuclear weapons or more "advanced" weapons make better allies than others.
The most important thing to learn is that we should never accept leadership that promotes the superiority of a racial group, religious group, etc. over another. Never again should there be a war where religion or race is involved. It also shows that it is important for people to question leadership they suspect of being corrupt. As much as we need to know what to do when another country does what Germany did, we need to learn from the mistakes made by the German people in allowing the war to happen.
I think the most important thing about world war II is that we need to watch out for dictators, becuase im my opinion thats was a big contributor to the war. That is becuase if a dictator takes over his country then he will not just want to have his country he will keep dictating the whole area until he achieves all of the land he can get. Which leads to deaths and people dying. Although dictators dont really care what it takes to achieve their goal, as long as they doAnthony Fitch
This comment has been removed by a blog administrator.
One truth that has always stuck out at me, when learning about the Holocaust part of WWII, is that freaks do exist, and always will. People really do think crazy radical thoughts. (As I am typing, my sister is raving about how we should kill my dog to get a new one, because this one won't learn to behave.. not serious, I dont' think) "Bad" people will always manage to come to power, and if we can just understand that, we can take early actions to keep them under control. (I just thank God that my sister isn't head of the household)~Grace Page
I completely agree with Megan on this one. But i also think one of the most important part to learn about the war was that on the era and the leaders of the countries and their thinking on what to do. This knowledge of knowing how they think allows us to put ourselves into thier shoes better and understand the whole logic of it all.Kimberly Snell
I also agree with Megan when she said that it is important to learn about the bad things in the past so that the same exact mistakes are not made again and again. We as a people can use our rights and make changes in the government, either by becoming a member of government, or just using the 1st. ammendment rights to express your opions to the government. If someone dumb like hitler ever takes power anywhere in the world, let's all join hands and show them who's the boss and what is right and what is wrong. Hey, Mr. Gerber, if you are reading this, I put that in there just for you to prove that i have learned something in your class!
I agree with everyone. We need to learn about the past so that we can protect our existance in the future. We can stop the most powerful leaders of the war before they start taking lives of innocent people.
I think that we should study in order to learn about the past and also to prevent it from happening in the future. Not to mention it is important to learn about what our country has done in the past and so that we can do things better in the near future. Also i hope that if there was ever an occurence such as when hitler was in power than we can get involved quicker and do what is right for our people and others. As we are the richest and most powerful country in the world and there isn't a better place to live. JORDAN MURRAY
I agre with everyone. It is important to learn about WWII in general, so we can try to avoid something like that ever happens again.*Lindsie*
The German - Certainly, there are many things to learn from World War II. One thing, I really think is important, is to finally accept that ultimate power should never be placed in the hands of a single man. It is not just to let a single man decide about the fate of millions of people.Another thing to learn is that people should never be treated differently because of their believes, race, religion and so on. Every country on this world had problems with that and most of the time those problems had a bloddy ending. We have to learn from that. Humans are brutal form nature - that's why it is so more important to teach moral values and behavior. I think history is one of the best instruments to do that.
yeah so we don't want to repeat bad history, like WWII, but most importantly like the war going on right now in Iraq, i mean at least we stopped Suddamm Husein (or however u spell that) from killing more hundreds of thousands of people. In my mind he was another Hitler, and we kinda recognized that before he did try and take over the world like Hitler. WWII always makes the world think of all the crazy people that could be trying to run the world and shouldn't be!katie b
The important thing to learn about World War II was that the people who died and were killed for what they believed in. They were all able to step up and say "I will fight for my rights" but then some of them were forced to go fight.
I think the most important thing we learned was that people can not be trusted. People like Hitler can not be trusted. And I think the world should have and should in the future make sure a country pays all of its debts from other wars.Ryan Carey
I think the most important thing to learn about WWII is what we did to cause it and how we ended it. We need to know how we caused it so it will not happen again and we also need to know how we resolved it so if it ever happens again then we can fix it.
I believe that the most important thing to study from WWII is the effects of dictatorship in Europe. It seems that they never do a great job of picking dictators. I think it is important to know what leads to tyrannical rule like what took place in Germany, Italy and The USSR.
I think that it could have been altered in some way. If all this chaos was happening then there is no way that FDR didn't see that coming. I mean if all these killings and prejudice "enslavement" were happpening then FDR should have done something about it sooner than they did. If the US would have stepped in sooner than we could have at least saved thousands of lives from ending to the cruel hands of Hitler and his Nazi party. -Brianna
The most important thing I learned is that we must learn and know our history or we will not have a future. WWII shows that people can be hated for the most dumb reasons and even hated so much that they kill millions such as Hitler's case.
i think that WWII is a very interesting subject to learn about and also learn from our countries mistakes. i also think that people learn from their mistakes and thats what we as a country have done.-Malerie Hertzler
I think the best thing to learn abotu was how badly the people were treated in the concentration camps and how that pretty much had no chance. my grandmother did have a chance, she met my grandad in WWII so she defeated the ods. I like to learn about the concentration camps.Jena' Legrone
the most important thing to learn to me would be that you should never place too much power in the hands of a single person.-Billy Roan
Post a Comment | <urn:uuid:d41ec451-2830-45ef-907e-c632f7721660> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://historyinhalstead.blogspot.com/2007/01/us-history-discussion-question-3.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00100-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984581 | 1,930 | 1.804688 | 2 |
In Mixed letter coding type of questions, three or four complete messages are given in the coded language and the code for a particular word is asked. To analyse such codes, any two messages bearing a common word are picked up. The common code word will mean that word. Proceeding smilarly by picking up all possible combinations of two, the entire message can be analysed.
In a certain code language, 'kew xas huma deko' means 'she is eating apples';
'kew tepo qua' means 'she sells toys' and
'sul lim deko' means 'I like apples'.
which word in that language means 'she' and 'apples' ?
In the first and second statements, the common code word is 'kew' and the common word is 'she'.
So, 'kew' stands for 'she'.
In the first and third statements, the common code word is 'deko' and the common word is 'apples'.
So, 'deko' stands for 'apples'. | <urn:uuid:468658a4-f90c-4229-850f-0375805191c1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.edugoog.com/details/in-a-certain-code-language-kew-xas-huma-deko-means-she-is-eating-apples-kew-tepo-qua-means-she-sells-toys-and-sul-lim-deko-means-i-like-apples-which-word-in-that-language-means-she-and-apples-x-mixed-letter-coding.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00429-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900579 | 223 | 3.703125 | 4 |
No matter how successful a business is, every company is going to find moments where they need a sales boost. It might be towards the beginning to build a customer base, or somewhere down the line when sales are slow.
This is the time for a sales promotion.
In this piece, we’re going to discuss what a sales promotion is, the types of sales promotions, the pros and cons of using them, and the best strategies for your company. We’ll also talk about how a strong CRM program can help you execute your sales promotions for maximum benefits.
Sales promotion definition
A sales promotion is a marketing strategy in which a business uses a temporary campaign or offer to increase interest or demand in its product or service.
There are many reasons why a business may choose to use a sales promotion (or ‘promo’), but the primary reason is to boost sales. Sales boosts may be needed to reach a quota as a deadline approaches, or to raise awareness of a new product.
Let’s take a closer look at different types of sales promotions, as well as the pros and cons of using any type of promotion.
Types of sales promotion
There are 12 main types of sales promotions. Not all of them are suited for every business, product, or service, but each one offers unique ways of boosting sales and connecting with customers through different methods of sales psychology. Each is also an interesting take on spin selling and offers a look into sales methodology comparison.
1. Competitions and challenges: Competitions or challenges usually take place on social media, and serve to increase customer engagement as fans try to win a discounted or free product. They usually also result in a large amount of free publicity if the competition or challenge involves sharing the brand on a customer’s personal social media account.
2. Product bundles: Product bundles offer a collection of products for an overall discounted rate, as opposed to buying the products individually. Product bundles give customers a reason to buy a larger variety of products, which makes it more likely they will find a product they like and want to buy again.
3. Flash sales: Flash sales are extremely short sales that offer extreme discounts for a limited amount of time. These sales work through creating a sense of urgency and need around your sale.
4. Free trials: Free trials or demos are one of the most common sales promotions and one of the most promising strategies to grow a customer base. Businesses can offer either a limited time with the product or a limited quantity of the product to a first-time buyer at no charge to see if they like it.
5. Free shipping and/or transfers: Free shipping promotions attempt to curb the 70% of customers who abandon their carts when they see the shipping costs. The small loss in shipping fees is usually made up for in happy customer purchases.
6. Free products: Free product promotions work by offering a small free product with the purchase of a larger, mainstream product. This boosts mainstream sales without costing the company too much inventory or revenue.
7. Early-bird or first-purchaser specials: These specials offer discounts to first-time purchasers as a way of welcoming them as customers. Customers are more likely to buy at a discount and because the discount only works once, the company doesn’t lose a great deal of revenue.
8. BOGO specials: BOGO, or “buy one, get one free” promotions are primarily used to spread product awareness. Customers can give their extra product to a friend or family member and build a customer base through word of mouth.
9. Coupons and vouchers: Coupons and vouchers reward current customers for their brand loyalty and encourage future purchases. This is especially effective in companies who use punch cards which incentivize customers to make multiple purchases to earn a free product.
10. Upsell specials: Upsell promotions are not as common as the others, but they can still be extremely effective. Upsells give first-time customers a less expensive version of a product to try, and then over time, the sales department works to convince them to purchase the more expensive and more effective option.
11. Subscriptions: Subscriptions are not always considered sales promotion, since they tend to be long-term purchases, but having different amounts of a product available at a different price point is a sales promotion tactic. With a subscription, a customer pays a larger fee upfront for a large amount of product that eventually comes out to less than what they would pay for buying smaller amounts of product individually.
12. Donations: Donations are an excellent way for a company to build credibility and goodwill within the customer base. Most donations work when the company contributes a portion of each sale during a given period to a charitable cause.
Pros of sales promotions
There are many benefits to running a sales promotion in the short term:
- Creating new leads: Sales promotions increase customer acquisition by offering them discounts, free products, free trials, and more. Many potential buyers are willing to try something for a lesser price, and if they like the product they become part of your company’s loyal base.
- Introducing a new product: Even extremely successful companies need a little help launching a new product. New customers may need incentives to buy, and long-term customers may be committed to their usual products. Providing a discount or promotion on a new product is a great way to create product awareness without doing a sales presentation.
- Selling out overstock: No one wants to be in this position, but overstocking happens. When it does, a sales promotion can be a useful tool to get rid of inventory while attracting new customers who may not have the overstocked product yet. It’s worth noting that there is a line in terms of selling overstock and it’s easy to step over into unethical selling.
- Rewarding current customers: Sales success doesn’t stop at the first purchase. Nurturing customers over time is essential to keeping brand credibility and loyalty high. Sales promotions are an easy way to provide loyal customers with a discount, voucher, or free product that will continue to keep them engaged with your brand.
- Increasing last-minute revenue: Many companies use sales promotions towards the end of a month or quarter to meet revenue or inventory goals. While not a bad strategy, it’s best to use this one sparingly so that customers don’t get into the habit of waiting for an expected sale.
Cons of sales promotions
While most sales promotions do successfully increase sales, many also come with a cost. When considering using a sales promotion, it’s important to remember the two main risks of the “sales promotion trap”:
Sales promotions can devalue your brand: While it may not be the case for your company, there is a general assumption in the consumer market that if a brand goes on sale, it’s because they are having trouble selling that product—it’s why we all wait for the day after Valentine’s Day to buy discounted chocolate.
While promoting a single product in your line might not make a lasting impression, a sales promotion that covers your entire brand might lead customers to think your business is on its last legs.
Sales promotions can make it complicated to sell your product back at its original price point: Depending on how long your promotion runs, you may attract customers who never paid full price for your product. These customers may then be turned off when you return to full price at the end of a promotion.
It’s important, therefore, to set strict promotional timelines and leave space in between promotions to make sure your original price is the most consistent one.
The other peril of sales promotions to be on the lookout for is cost. According to Harvard Business Review, the average business spends 66 percent of its advertising budget on sales promotions. This type of spending can seriously hurt a business if the promotions are not bringing in enough revenue to counteract the cost when full-price advertising is not given as wide a budget.
Sales promotion example
Perhaps the most common sales promotion is the Black Friday sale. This is an interesting sales promotion to examine because while thousands of companies participate in Black Friday, few participate in the same way.
Some companies run their Black Friday sales within a strict 24 hours time frame, while some spread it over an entire week. Some have in-person offers, or online offers, or are exclusive to one type of purchase.
The important factor in the Black Friday sale is that companies know customers are going to buy. This makes it crucial to have a strong sales promotion strategy and sales territory plan so that you know what you’re offering, what your price points are, the exact sales windows, and your audience targets.
Sales promotion strategies
As we’ve seen, sales promotions come in a large variety and can be used as a sales strategy at any point during the sales process. It’s important, therefore, to be aware of best practices, activities, and techniques that will ensure your promotions are successful.
There are three primary strategies for sales promotions:
- Pull strategy: The pull strategy tries to get the customer to ‘pull’ the product away from the company, usually in the form of a discount, BOGO, or another special. This is the most commonly used strategy across the board for all businesses.
- Push strategy: The push strategy tries to ‘push’ the products away from the company towards the customer, usually through B2B sales. Parent companies will reward distributors and retailers for taking additional products off their hands and selling them to the consumers.
- Hybrid strategy: As its name suggests, the hybrid strategy is a combination of the push and pull strategy in which the company will use a push strategy to move products, and then a pull strategy to encourage purchasing from retailers.
Let’s dive into a few recommendations for best sales promotion practices that you can use regardless of which strategy you’re trying out.
Sales promotion techniques
- Know your audience: Are you catering to new customers or existing customers? Are you looking to promote a new product or increase sales on an existing product? These questions will help you choose which sales promotion is best for your company at that time.
- Emphasize scarcity and/or urgency: Your sales promotion should always be short-term, but it’s important to emphasize why. Customers will be more motivated to buy if there’s a risk of running out of time or running out of product.
- Align your sales promotion with your company: Consistency is always key in every aspect of sales, and it’s no different with a sales promotion. If you specialize in long-term products, such as electronics, then it doesn’t make sense to offer customers a subscription package when they’re only going to purchase new products every few years.
Sales promotion activities
- Run promotions in alignment with key dates for your market: Use your annual sales analytics to know when your customers are most likely to buy and schedule your promotions around them. Michael’s Craft Store is a great example of this. They excel at marketing holiday sales promotions on themed decorative items towards the beginning and end of each holiday season.
- Reward your customers with a loyalty program: A loyalty program is a simple way to tell your customers you care and it can be formatted in almost any way. Even if you’re not in a position to give discounts, you can use a loyalty program to give customers a heads up regarding sales, new products, and company milestones.
How CRM software can drive your sales promotions
The key to sales promotion success is knowing your customer base and having a reliable handle on your finances, revenue, and team statistics.
Get the tools you need to run top sales promotions by requesting a demo today. | <urn:uuid:64eadf28-45ad-4543-afa7-a8bf31bc8a89> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.zendesk.com/th/blog/sales-promotion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.946538 | 2,449 | 1.664063 | 2 |
NRSI: Computers & Writing Systems
SIL IPA and SIL IPA93 (legacy) fonts – FAQ
Please note that the Doulos SIL font and Charis SIL font fonts provide Unicode IPA support. However, you must convert existing data using the "SIL IPA93 Fonts" to Unicode before using the Doulos SIL or Charis SIL font (see SIL IPA93 Data Conversion).
For a good discussion on making the decision of which font to use, read IPA Transcription with SIL Fonts.
Converting IPA93 encoded data to Unicode
Question: I have MS Word documents which use your SIL IPA93 fonts, but I want to begin using Unicode. Can you tell me how to convert my data to Unicode?
Answer: As you have implied, documents which were created (encoded) with legacy fonts are not compatible with Unicode fonts. You not only need to use a Unicode font, you will need to convert your data to Unicode.
Since you have MS Word documents it might be a straightforward problem. These instructions should work if you have MS Word 2003:
SIL Converters Word Macro
We hope your data will have converted correctly! These instructions are for converting your data in one document. Once you have tried it for one document and understand the concepts, you might want to use the Bulk Word Document Converter. () to do all your documents in one go. At this point we do not have step-by-step instructions, but basically you select your documents, choose your fonts, converter and font to apply.
If you do not have MS Word 2003 and want to try an older version of SIL Converters 2.5, you can try: SILConverters — Obsolete version. However, this version does not always work correctly and we are not providing any support for this product.
Converting data to Unicode is not always straightforward and we do not have all the answers.
Question: I have plain text files which use your SIL IPA93 fonts, but I want to begin using Unicode. Can you tell me how to convert my data to Unicode?
Question: I have Standard Format Marker (sfm) text files and want to convert only one or two of the sf markers from an SIL IPA93 encoding to Unicode. Can I do that?
Answer: the Bulk SFM Converter will easily handle doing this.
Which fonts should I use?
Question: How do I know whether to use the SIL IPA93 fonts or the SIL IPA fonts?
Answer: The SIL IPA93 fonts are usually a better choice than the SIL IPA fonts, for several reasons:
Question: What are the names of the SIL IPA fonts?
IPA’s 1990 revision, including “Kiel” revisions, released as SIL IPA 1.2, now obsolete.
SIL IPA fonts
IPA’s 1993 revision, released as SIL IPA93 2.0.
SIL IPA93 or IPA93 fonts
Question: I have downloaded the SIL IPA fonts. Now what do I do?
SIL IPA93 (Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me)
The SILIPA93.EXE is a setup program containing the SIL IPA93 fonts and documentation. All you need to do is double click on it with the mouse. This will install the fonts and documentation into Windows for you. You do not need to use .
SIL IPA (Windows 3.1, 95, 98, Me)
The SILIP12A.EXE is a self-extracting file containing the SIL IPA fonts, documentation and installation program. The first thing you must do is place the SILIP12A.EXE in a temporary directory on your hard drive. Then at the DOS prompt type “silip12a” OR in Windows, open or and find the SILIP12A.EXE file and double click on it with the mouse. In both cases this will extract the files contained in the SILIP12A.EXE file. Then use or to double click on the INSTALL.EXE program. (Note that does not always update the screen after you extract the files from SILIP12A. You can press F5 to update the screen). The install program will install the fonts into Windows for you. You do not need to use .
SIL IPA93 (Windows NT4, 2000, XP)
Run the installation program (SILIPA93.EXE) as described above, which will copy the font files to the WINNT (or Windows)System folder. Then, install the fonts through the , as follows:
(Alternatively, the fonts can be moved from the WINNT (or Windows)System folder to the WINNT (or Windows)Fonts folder using .)
SIL IPA (Windows NT4, 2000, XP)
The SIL IPA installation program does not run in Windows NT4, 2000, or XP. We recommend using the SIL IPA93 fonts instead. However, the fonts, documentation, shortcuts, etc. can be installed manually.
To begin the process, double-click the SILIP12A.EXE download file as described above, which will extract the files contained in the SILIP12A.EXE file. Three folders will be created:
The SIL IPA fonts files appropriate for use with Windows NT4, 2000, or XP are as follows:
The manual installation process is as follows:
Please note that the SIL IPA fonts package includes keyboard files for using Keyman 3.2 with the SIL IPA fonts. Keyman 3.2 does not run in Windows NT/2000/XP. Keyman 6, the current version, runs in Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, but the keyboard files for Keyman 3.2 are not compatible with Keyman 6. The .kmn keyboard file provided in the SIL IPA fonts package could be updated to be compatible with Keyman 6, but SIL does not offer such an updated keyboard file.
SIL IPA93 and SIL IPA (Macintosh System 7-9)
To use the TrueType version of the fonts you must be running System 7 or later (or System 6.0.5 or later with TrueType INIT). To install the fonts, drag the TrueType suitcases of the fonts onto your closed System Folder (use the Font/DA Mover with System 6). Consult your Macintosh documentation for additional help.
SIL IPA93 (Macintosh OS X)
In order to install fonts in Mac OS X, you will need to be sure you have both read and write access to the Fonts folder located in the Library folder. Open the Library folder and select the Fonts folder. In the , click on , then on . In the palette that opens, check to be sure that is set to . (If the pop-up menus are grayed out, click the padlock icon to unlock the pop-up menus.)
In OS X, fonts may be placed in four different places: (a) the Library:Fonts folder in the Home directory of a user account; (b) the Library:Fonts folder; (c) the Library:Fonts folder in the Mac OS X System folder; and (d) the Fonts folder in the OS 9.2 ("Classic") System folder.
Fonts in (a) are usable only to the user of that account. Fonts in (b) are available to all users. Fonts in (c) are also available to all users, but are essential for system use. Fonts in (d) are used by Classic applications, as well as by applications running in OS X.
In all cases, the fonts must all be "loose" in the System:Fonts folder or Library:Fonts folder — not grouped in family folders — or the system cannot see them.
Installing the SIL IPA93 fonts in Mac OS X
Question: I am trying to install your SIL IPA93 fonts onto my computer running Windows 2000. I install the fonts and everything works fine. However, after the computer is restarted, the fonts disappear. They are not listed as being installed. Do you have any suggestions?
Answer: Unfortunately, the setup program for the SIL Encore IPA93 Fonts does not install fonts properly in Windows 2000 or Windows XP. (It was developed before Windows 2000 was released.) It copies the font files to the WINNTSystem folder instead of the WINNTFonts folder. In order to install the fonts properly, they should be installed through the . See above.
Question: When I tried to install the SIL Encore IPA93 fonts in Windows 2000 or XP, I got this error message:
What is the problem? How can I install the fonts?
Answer: The problem is probably a bad or missing autoexec.nt file (probably missing). This file (as well as config.nt) does not always exist on Windows 2000 and Windows XP installations. Autoexec.nt and Config.nt are used to initialize a DOS environment for applications that use a DOS environment for their processing.
There should be autoexec.nt and config.nt files (plain text files) in the system32 folder in your Windows folder. (Note: the Windows folder may be named either WINDOWS or WINNT. The error message above shows that the Windows folder is named WINDOWS on this computer. The instructions below assume the Windows folder is named WINDOWS.) If the autoexec.nt and config.nt files do not exist, you will need to create them as follows:
1. Start up Notepad.
2. Copy or type the following text into your Notepad document window:
lh %SystemRoot%system32mscdexnt.exe lh %SystemRoot%system32redir lh %SystemRoot%system32dosx SET BLASTER=A220 I5 D1 P330 T3
3. Click on.
4. In the WINDOWS folder, then to the system32 folder.drop-down box, navigate to your
5. Give the file the name autoexec.nt. For choose .
7. Click on.
8. Copy or type the following text into your Notepad document window:
9. Click on.
10. In the WINDOWS folder, then to the system32 folder.drop-down box, navigate to your
11. Give the file the name config.nt. For choose .
13. Shut down Notepad, and restart Windows.
Install the fonts, following the installation instructions above.
Question: How do I uninstall the SIL IPA or IPA93 fonts?
Answer: To uninstall the fonts:
SIL IPA93 (Windows 95, 98, Me)
SIL IPA (Windows 95, 98, Me)
SIL IPA93 (Windows NT4, 2000, XP)
SIL IPA (Windows NT4, 2000, XP)
SIL IPA93 and IPA (Macintosh)
Typing with the fonts
Question: I have tried to use the IPA fonts to transcribe some words, but I can't access several characters. The directions say that you can get a different character by typing n< or n> or n=, but I don't get the "ng" character or whatever, just "n<".
Answer: In order to use the keystrokes you described, Keyman must be installed and running, with the appropriate keyboard loaded and activated.
For more information, please see the answer to the question below.
Question: Do the SIL IPA and IPA93 fonts include all the IPA characters? I downloaded and installed the fonts, but I can't find all the symbols I need, such as the schwa or open O!
Answer: The SIL IPA and IPA93 fonts include the phonetic symbols included in the International Phonetic Alphabet as of 1990 (IPA) or 1993 (IPA93). The current IPA is available at the website of the International Phonetic Association.
Other phonetic symbols have been used at various times and in various contexts, but are not included in the 1990 or 1993 IPA standards.
Please note also that only about half of the IPA characters can be typed directly on the keyboard. However, the documentation included with the fonts shows all the characters that are included in the fonts.
If you have installed the SIL IPA or IPA93 fonts in Windows 95 or later using the default settings for the installation, the documentation for the fonts should be in the following locations:
SIL IPA fonts:
Documentation is in C:WindowsIpafonts.
fonts.hlp — Help file for SIL IPA fonts
ipachars.wri — Document listing the characters and access codes
ipakeys.hlp — Help file for accessing IPA characters from the keyboard using Keyman instead of access codes
ipawin.wri — User's Guide for SIL IPA fonts
These documents may also be accessed from themenu, by clicking on , then .
SIL IPA93 fonts:
Documentation is in C:Program FilesIpa93.
Fonts93.hlp — Help file for SIL IPA93 fonts
IPA93 ReadMe (Ipa93.doc) — Document listing the characters and access codes
Ipa93key.hlp — Help file for accessing IPA93 characters from the keyboard using Keyman instead of access codes
Keyman Text ReadMe (Keyman.txt) — Instructions for downloading and installing Keyman 3.2
Packing List ReadMe (Packing.lst) — List of files included in the SIL IPA93 fonts package
Readme First ReadMe (Readme.txt) — Introduction to the SIL IPA93 fonts package
These documents may also be accessed from themenu, by clicking on , then .
As the documentation shows, there are many characters located at code points above ANSI 127. These can be accessed in two ways. For the Alt key and type the character’s access code on the number pad at the right end of your keyboard (be sure the NumLock is on) or if you have installed Keyman and have it running with the IPA or IPA93 keyboard active, you can use multiple key strokes. For example, if you want the schwa you could:version you can hold down the
You can purchase and download Keyman from here. (Note that Keyman 3.2 runs in Windows 3.1, 95, 98, and Me. Keyman 5.0 and 6.0 run in Windows 95, 98, Me, NT4, 2000, and XP.) The Keyman keying sequences are found in the and files, and the ANSI codes can be found in the and the files. The keyboard files for using Keyman 3.2 with the SIL IPA and IPA93 fonts are included with Keyman 3.2. The keyboard file for using Keyman 5.0 or 6.0 with the SIL IPA93 fonts is available here.
To type IPA characters using the SIL IPA93 fonts and Keyman 5.0 or 6.0 in Windows 95 or later,
If you enter the characters directly from the keyboard without using Keyman (i.e., using the Alt key plus the access code listed in the file), keep in mind the following:
(If you use Keyman, you don't have to worry about all this — it takes care of it automatically.)
Please note also that mixing characters from different typefaces within words is problematic; you can expect to have problems with character fit.
Accessing the characters on the User’s Guide shows all the characters and how to access them. For example, if you want the:platform is very similar. The
You can also use the Macintosh utility SILKey to type using multiple keystrokes. The Keyboard DOC file lists all the keying combinations. The keyboard file for using SILKey with the SIL IPA93 fonts is included with SILKey.
You can view all the IPA characters using the Windows programfound in the folder or the Macintosh program .
Question: Why didn’t you include upper case and full punctuation in the font? I need it!
Answer: These inclusions would have severely limited the number of IPA characters included in the font. We chose to provide as complete a solution as is possible in one font for the display and publication of phonetic text using the current IPA, but without the extras. All the extras are included in the full release of SIL Encore Fonts.
Question: Some of the characters that I use are not included (the Greek iota, the small cap “U”, the closed omega, the t-esh and d-yogh ligatures, and others).
These were standard IPA characters until 1989/1990 when the IPA officially made them “non-standard” in favor of other symbols. Due to font size limitations, we chose to include only the current IPA characters in the fonts.
Question: I want to put the tilde over the o-e digraph and it goes directly over the e-part instead of right in the middle. Is there any way to solve this problem?
Answer: Not easily. We elected to provide “o-width” and “i-width” diacritics only. If there had been space in the font, we would have included “m-width,” which would suit your purpose. There is one (painful) work around. If your application supports manual kerning, you might be able to kern the vowel and diacritic closer together (moving the diacritic toward the center of the vowel). You will then have to kern the diacritic and next character farther apart by an equal amount to ensure that the next character is spaced correctly. You might even be able to set up a macro to do this on command.
Question: Whenever I type an IPA character in the same line with some other font (such as Times New Roman), it messes up my line spacing. What should I do about this?
Answer: Line spacing can be problem when mixing typefaces. The SIL Encore IPA Fonts were designed to have greater automatic line spacing to allow for the very high and very low diacritics in the font (without crashing into the line above or below). Hence any line containing an IPA character will have its automatic line spacing altered.
Many programs, however, allow you to control the line spacing manually. For example, in Word for Windows, select the paragraph and choose(under the menu). Set to “Exactly” or “At Least,” and the point size you desire. Many users actually prefer this method even for everyday use because they don’t like the “Auto” line spacing that is given. You can even preset the line spacing in your “Normal” text style and alter it as needed for the point size of the text.
Question: When I use diacritics, the end of the line gets chopped off and my cursor is in the wrong place.
Answer: This is sometimes caused by the screen driver. Be sure you are using the latest drivers available for your video card. You might also try switching to the standard VGA driver included with Windows. If that does not solve the problem, contact us. Most Windows applications do not support zero-width or non-spacing diacritics, so we have had to modify the fonts to avoid the problem. Usually our work-around is successful, but not always.
IPA/IPA93 Diacritics Not Printing
Question: I am having difficulty printing diacritics using both the SIL Doulos font (with Win3.11) and SIL Doulos 93 (with Win 98). I can see the diacritics on screen, but they do not print. The remaining phonetic symbols print normally.
In both cases (on different computers) I am using diacritics as tone marks which appear above other consonant and vowel symbols. Each word uses only a single SIL font, not mixed with any other fonts.
If you can give me any suggestions, I would be most grateful.
Answer: The diacritics in the SIL IPA and IPA93 fonts use a very narrow space as the base character, with the diacritic above and to the left of it. Unfortunately, some printer drivers do not interpret this type of character correctly.
See if there’s an option to “Print TrueType as Graphics” or to select raster graphics in the printer driver. (Click on thebutton, then on , then on . Right-click on the icon for your printer, and select . Look on all the tabs in the dialog for a check box labeled “Print TrueType as Graphics” or “Raster Graphics”. If you find such a choice, select it, then click as many times as required to close the dialog. Then try printing your document again.
You might also check the version of your printer driver. In thedialog, look for a button labeled “About”. If you find such a button, click on it. The version of the driver will be displayed. Alternatively, if you can find the floppy disk(s) or CD-ROM that was used to load the driver when the printer was installed, see if there’s a version number on it. Then check the website of the printer manufacturer to see if a newer driver is available. Installing the latest driver may solve the problem.
If this doesn’t work and you have a means for creating PDFs (either with Adobe Acrobat (the complete package including Distiller, not just the Acrobat Reader) or another application that creates PDFs), you might try making a PDF of your document and see if that works. (pdf995, a free utility for creating PDFs, is available at www.software995.com.)
If there’s no “raster mode/ttf as graphics” option in the printer driver, and you don’t have a means for creating a PDF, you might try using the free utility “GSView” (a Ghostscript/Ghostview package for Windows, available from http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/gsview/).
Install a PostScript printer driver on your computer, then install GSView. From your application (Word or whatever), print to a file, using the PostScript printer driver (this generates a PostScript file of the document), then open the file in GSView and print it on your printer.
Question: When I type diacritics the diacritic wipes out the base character. I have a video card with ATI’s Mach32 chip.
Answer: There is an incompatibility between some ATI video drivers and fonts that contain “minute-width” diacritics (like the SIL Encore IPA Fonts). When these “non-spacing” diacritics are typed, they can seem to wipe out the image of the base character.
This only seems to effect video cards that contain ATI’s Mach32 chip. This includes the Ultra Pro and Ultra Plus cards (the original Ultra is OK), as well as any on board video that contains the chip (like some AST Premmia systems).
If you are using Windows 3.1, a work-around is as follows:
Unfortunately this will slow down video performance. WINBENCH results are 16 million withon and only 7 million with them turned off. For most purposes, though, there will be little noticeable difference in speed.
Question: When I try to type the characters on the single quote key, I never get what I want.
Answer: Turn off the option in your program.
Question: My fonts look right when I first enter them, but when I reload my document, they’re all messed up!
Answer: The IPA fonts are identified to Windows applications as symbol fonts. Some Windows 3.1 applications, including Write, have a problem with symbol fonts. If you are using Windows 3.1, edit your WIN.INI file. Go to the [fonts] section and find the listing for the IPA93 fonts (SILDoulos IPA93 Regular, etc.). Move it to the top of the [fonts] section. This should eliminate the problem.
Using the fonts in certain applications
Question: Will these fonts work in word processors other than Microsoft Word?
Question: I want to enter IPA93 characters in MS Works/WordPad. I recently downloaded your IPA93 fonts, and got the list of glyph access codes from the folder. However, the code for the turned A is incorrect. The code listed is 140, but when I type Alt 140 an h-type character appears, and when I type Alt 0140 , a glottal stop appears.
Answer: This problem occurs with both WordPad and with Works, and appears to be a bug in the WordPad and Works programs. We have discovered this type of problem occurs with the following characters in the SIL Encore IPA93 fonts:
A work-around is to type the character (access code) in Times New Roman, then change the font to the desired IPA93 font.
Question: Will these fonts work in Ventura Publisher for Windows?
Answer: That depends on the version of Ventura you are using. There should be no problems in versions 5.0 and later. However, in versions 4.2 and earlier not all characters will be accessible. For compatibility with text files from previous versions, Ventura used its own character set. Supporting full character access with Ventura 4.x and earlier would have severely limited the number of characters in the font. Ventura 4.x users will be better served by the full release of the SIL Encore Fonts. (Click here for information on the SIL Encore Fonts.)
Question: My documents with SIL IPA93 fonts are no longer visible in Word 2004. What can I do to make them visible?
Answer: We are grateful to David Kamholz for the following information:
The characters were encoded in the ordinary 8-bit ASCII ranges and, there is no way to view them properly in Word 2004 in that encoding. I’ve written the following macro, which does a character by character search and replace to fix the characters. It finds only characters in the font specified. I also noticed that for some reason tabs and newlines in the SIL font were a problem, and could not be converted to the new encoding, nor left alone, because they displayed as rectangles that way (although the tab and newline formatting still worked). So I changed these to another font — Times New Roman in this case, but you can just edit the string in the macro.
Instructions for creating and running this macro:
Question: Word 2004 for Macintosh seems to have problems with the SIL IPA93 fonts.
I get rectangles, instead of characters, in documents. On the "insert symbol" menu, the characters show up as Roman alphabet characters, evidently from some other font. It's not just a problem with the screen display. The characters print as rectangles as well.
Question: Is it possible to create a new document in Word 2004 for Macintosh using the IPA93 fonts?
I tried to create a document in Word 2004 using the IPA93 fonts. I selected SILDoulos IPA93, and started typing. As soon as I typed the first letter, the font switched to Times New Roman. Word would not let me type letters in Doulos IPA93.
I tried to use Insert Symbol. The Font drop-down list in the Insert Symbol dialog did not list SILDoulos IPA93, so I typed the name in the Font box, and pressed Return. The character set that was displayed was the standard Mac character set.
Question: Is it possible to open an existing document (even plain text) that uses the IPA93 fonts in Word 2004 for Macintosh?
I created a document in Word X using Doulos IPA93, and saved the document in five formats: Word X, Word 4, Word 5.1, RTF, Unicode Text (UTF-16), and Text Only with Line Breaks. Then I opened each document in Word 2004. Here's what happened:
Answer: See above.
If the previous question and answer did not solve you problem, read on.
We have tested Word 2004 for Macintosh with the SIL IPA93 fonts and have confirmed that they "do not play well together." The problem is due to incompatibilities between the encoding of the SIL IPA93 fonts and Word's mapping to Unicode.
(Basically, the SIL IPA93 fonts are encoded as symbol fonts rather than normal text fonts (because doing so enabled more characters to be included in the font). Back when the IPA93 fonts were developed, in the days of Windows 3.1, Mac OS 7, and Word 2-6, Word treated symbol fonts and normal text fonts in the same way. However, beginning with Word 98/98, Word began treating symbol fonts and normal text fonts differently. Symbol fonts were assumed to contain symbols, not word-building characters. When Word mapped the characters between the old-style 8-bit encoding used in Windows 3.1 and Mac OS 7-9 and Unicode encoding, characters from symbol fonts were mapped to an area of Unicode called the Private Use Area (PUA) rather than the language-specific ranges of Unicode. The rectangles that appear when you open an existing document using the SIL IPA93 fonts in Word 2004 is due to the mapping of the characters in the file to the PUA.
Here's a summary of what we understand to be the case at this point.
First, here's a little background that will help the explanation that follows make sense:
With that background, let's move forward:
Creating new documents with Word 2004 and the SIL IPA93 fonts
Based on a few experiments, we believe it is possible for Word 2004 to display the characters in the IPA93 fonts if (a) you ensure that these fonts are NOT named as Symbol fonts in the WFS file, and (b) the document contains the PUA characters F020..F0FF. However, these characters cannot be entered with a regular English keyboard; you'll need a keyboard that generates characters in that PUA range. Until a user-friendly PUA keyboard layout is created, you will have to choose between (tediously) entering the characters as Unicode hex values using the Hex Input keyboard, or (tediously) inserting the characters via the Character Palate. (These keyboards can be enabled through System Preferences/Personal/International/Input Menu.)
Tools and documentation for creating a PUA keyboard are available here. In particular, Ukelele could be used to build a PUA layout. (However, we are not aware of any such product currently available.)
Viewing existing documents that use the SIL IPA93 fonts in Word 2004
For existing documents, if the user had defined the IPA fonts as Symbol fonts in WFS, then what actually gets saved in the document is the PUA codes. Then, if you remove those definitions from WFS and open the file in Word 2004, they should show up as expected.
If the existing document was created without the IPA fonts being defined as Symbol fonts, then we assume what gets saved is regular Latin character codes, and Word 2004 won't be able to display these with the IPA fonts. (Macros to fix up this situation could perhaps be written, but we are not aware of any such product currently available.)
So in summary, using the SIL IPA93 fonts with Word 2004 is fairly difficult at this time. You're probably better off staying with Word X when using the SIL IPA93 fonts.
Question: When using the SIL IPA93 fonts with Quark XPress (Mac) we are unable to attribute the fonts correctly (bold, italic, bold italic) even though your documentation says that the attributes are included. (And I see that they are in the suitcase.) Specifically I do not see the font family when choosing the font in Quark, just the main font. Furthermore we’re finding that if we give the fonts attributes using the menu they are not holding when PDF’s are made of the file. In fact I’ve been unable to make a PDF of the document that includes even the roman version of the font.
Question: I am formatting a book in Quark XPress 4.x for Macintosh. A small portion of text is done using SILDoulos IPA93. The original text was typed in Microsoft Word. The SILDoulos IPA93 fonts print OK from Word but not from Quark XPress (prints in Courier). The fonts always look OK on screen.
In XPress, I have tried creating a PDF. If created by first writing a postscript file and then distilling using Acrobat Distiller 4.05 the SILDoulos
If the PDF is written via PDFwriter the SILDoulos IPA93 are OK.
I have downloaded a new copy of the fonts and installed ‘Font Cache Extender’. Still no good. It doesn’t make a difference whether installing the font directly within the font folder of the system or elsewhere using Suitcase 8.2.
Answer: Several users of the SIL IPA93 fonts and Quark XPress for Macintosh have reported incompatibilities between the fonts and XPress. They report that the IPA93 fonts will work in other applications, but not in Quark XPress. XPress not only has problems recognizing the fonts, but when writing a PostScript file, XPress substitutes Courier for the IPA93 fonts. We understand that XPress uses its own Postscript driver, not the standard system driver, and this means that it will be handling font access, downloading, etc. by itself, which is why it behaves differently than other applications.
Unfortunately, we have not found a solution.
One user reported that he was able to make a PDF successfully with PDFWriter, but not with Distiller.
Another user reported that the fonts work and distill properly when used in MS Word and Adobe Illustrator, but not in Adobe InDesign. (However, we have used them successfully in Adobe InDesign.)
If there is a way to make XPress use the standard printer driver instead of "doing its own thing," that might be worth a try.
Ifis available in XPress, try turning it off.
Of course, the fonts themselves must be installed in the correct locations. In OS 7-9, fonts should be placed in the Fonts folder in the OS System folder. In OS X, fonts may be placed in four different places:
Fonts in (a) are usable only to the user of that account. Fonts in (b) are available to all users. Fonts in (c) are also available to all users, but are essential for system use. Fonts in (d) are used by Classic applications, as well as by applications running in OS X. In all cases, the fonts must all be “loose” in thefolder or folder -– not grouped in family folders -– or the system cannot see them.
Question: Using SIL IPA Fonts With WordPerfect
Answer: We are indebted to Professor John Wells of University College London for the information that follows.
In order to use the SIL IPA fonts with WordPerfect, it will be necessary to disable some of the WPWin Quickcorrect functions: from, choose , then ; then in turn off , and turn off the quotes under both and . This prevents odd behavior when the quotes key is pressed with an SIL IPA font selected.
When printing with the SIL IPA fonts, make sure to choose the Windows printer driver (not the WordPerfect printer driver). You may also encounter a problem printing certain characters – particularly diacritics – in the SIL IPA fonts. To avoid this, set the code page within Wordperfect 8 as follows:
The SIL Encore IPA and SIL IPA93 fonts are obsolete, symbol-encoded fonts. Their use is discouraged. If you decide to download and use these fonts, please note there is no user support for these fonts.
Please note that these fonts are intended for use by experienced computer users. Installing and using these fonts is not a trivial matter. The most effective technical support is usually provided by an experienced computer user who can personally sit down with you at your computer to troubleshoot the problem.
If you are having difficulty, be sure to do the following:
Note: If you want to add a response to this article, you need to enable cookies in your browser, and then restart your browser.
Note: the opinions expressed in submitted contributions below do not necessarily reflect the opinions of our website. | <urn:uuid:9b2f61ba-4876-400a-809d-1354207c305c> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://scripts.sil.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=FontFAQ_IPA93&_sc=1 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718423.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00272-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.892713 | 7,634 | 1.8125 | 2 |
“The bewildered spirit soul, under the influence of the three modes of material nature, thinks himself to be the doer of activities, which are in actuality carried out by nature.” (Lord Krishna, Bhagavad-gita, 3.27)
Friend1: The threefold miseries of life.
Friend2: Coming from the heavens, other living entities, and within.
Friend1: We are not the doer.
Friend2: Yes. Under the influence of the false ego, a person thinks that because certain consequences follow certain actions, that they are completely responsible for the chain of events. But actually, the three modes of material nature must first cooperate.
Friend1: Along these lines, I’ve got an interesting dilemma for you.
Friend2: Are you sure it’s not a conundrum?
Friend1: What’s the difference?
Friend2: In a conundrum there is more than one option. A dilemma is an either/or situation. At least that’s what someone told me one time.
Friend1: I see. I think this is a dilemma, then.
Friend1: The idea was sparked by some reading I did on the history of electricity. Did you know that lightning rods were controversial when they were first invented?
Friend2: I’m sure people didn’t know much about them. Were they worried that they wouldn’t work?
Friend1: There were some skeptics on that side. Some were worried that by grounding the electricity from the sky, it increased the chance of earthquakes.
Friend1: The objection that caught my interest relates to God. Some religious people objected to the use of the lightning rod because it seemed to thwart the divine will.
Friend2: What do you mean?
Friend1: Basically, thunder and lightning were punishments coming from the heavens. By trying to avoid the negative consequences, the people were fighting with God.
Friend2: That’s just silly. It rains, doesn’t it? Do people purposely go outside to take their punishment? Do people not look for shade during a scorching hot day?
Friend1: You’ve pretty much given the counterarguments used during that time period. It’s reasonable enough, I must say. But it got me to thinking on a higher level.
Friend2: About what?
Friend1: Punishment coming from God through the system of karma. Should we try to avoid it? Also, the Vedas do mention that lightning is controlled by higher authorities.
Friend2: The demigods. That’s why natural disasters fall into the adhidaivika category of miseries. Daiva refers to the devas, who are celestials. They are living entities, but have greater powers than ordinary man. They are still conditioned, and thus go through the cycle of birth and death.
Friend1: They are not God Himself.
Friend1: So could you say that those miseries aren’t directly related to God? The system of karma takes care of punishment and reward.
Friend2: You could say that. Are you asking if we should try to alleviate bad situations or just accept them as the will of the Divine?
Friend1: Exactly. Should we fight back? Is it better to just let nature run its course? What’s the answer to that question?
Friend2: Listen, the human birth is significant. It gives the unique chance to understand God. You can only understand Him when you are alive. Therefore just accepting pain and misery that increases the chances of death is not a good idea. There is the old saying that an empty sack can’t stand up straight. If you’re constantly in pain, how are you expected to have the focus necessary for success in spiritual matters?
Friend1: Okay, but how much resistance should there be? If we fight back too much, aren’t we succumbing to the illusion of thinking that we are the doer?
Friend2: There you go. You’ve basically solved the problem. Do as much as possible, but don’t over-endeavor. Don’t reach the point where you think you can actually remove all miseries on your own. That is never possible. Only the Supreme Lord can bring liberation. The idea is that when there is birth, there must be death. Since death will come eventually, there must be a misery that acts as a catalyst. We are really puppets in the hands of time, which spares no one.
Friend1: I understand what you’re saying. How do we tell if we’re over-endeavoring?
Friend2: Stay conscious of the Supreme Lord. Know that He is not directly involved in karma. He sits back, as a neutral witness, residing in the heart as Paramatma. In His full feature of Bhagavan, He intervenes. He removes the karma of the living entity, and they remain karma-free for as long as they want only devotion to God. As long as they stay on the devotional path, then even death is not something to be feared. It represents the time of ascent to the spiritual world, where the devotion will continue and flourish even more.
Miseries from higher forces come,
How much to avoid should be done?
Instead of over-endeavor to make,
Like man our punishment should take?
Since human form most precious gift,
Best to preserve so to higher nature lift.
Worship Krishna, direct protection will give,
So that always in auspicious conditions to live. | <urn:uuid:18c82be0-66df-4563-866a-b2668b212487> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://krishnasmercy.com/2016/09/15/should-we-take-our-punishment-like-a-man/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571909.51/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813051311-20220813081311-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.953317 | 1,214 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Healthier Food Options: Natural Sweeteners for Your Desserts
Written on February 6, 2012 at 9:30 am, by Eric Cressey
We’re officially one month into 2012 and I suspect there are some people out there feeling a little deprived. Undoubtedly, you’ve been so good about your diet to kickstart the new year. And without a question, those sweet cravings are starting to nag you (and I bet that has nothing to do with all the pink-and-red-packaged chocolate currently taking over store shelves everywhere.) While I won’t argue with a true indulgence here and there, my sweet tooth requires a bit more than the occasional treat. Fortunately, I’ve developed a handy repertoire of sweet treats that fit in with a clean eating diet.
What exactly is clean eating? One might consider it a detox for life. Cleaning up your diet from processed, unhealthy foods to heal your body and your mind. Focusing on colorful veggies, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats to satisfy your cravings and fuel your daily activities. Trying to eat more ingredients instead of things that have ingredients.
Clean eating is not eating sugar. Specifically, refined sugar (common granulated white sugar and brown sugar) is a big no-no. Same for the artificial alternative. The problem is that both of these are hidden almost everywhere. So what’s a guy or gal with a sweet tooth on a clean eating diet to do?
Easy-to-find, more nutritious and all-natural sweeteners include honey, maple syrup, and molasses. Other options becoming increasingly more mainstream are succanat (also referred to as evaporated cane juice) and coconut palm sugar. These sweeteners all have caloric value comparable to “regular” sugar but are less processed and retain higher nutritional value. Each has its pros and cons, including flavor and ease of use, which will help determine which one should be used in place of sugar in a specific recipe. Also becoming increasingly popular is stevia, a zero-calorie all-natural sweetener derived from the stevia plant. In its pure form, stevia is many times sweeter than sugar (1 teaspoon is equivalent to 1 cup of sugar in terms of sweetness) which makes it difficult to use a direct replacement in baking, but not impossible. Stevia is sold in various forms, including concentrated liquid drops (great for sweetening coffee and tea) and bulkier mixes (easier to use in baking or for measuring small amounts.)
Over the past year I’ve been experimenting with these various sweeteners and put them to use in many recipes. In general I find that these sweeteners work best in combination; I rarely use just one in a recipe. Here are some of my favorite all-naturally sweetened indulgences.
In this Salted Caramel Ice Cream, I started with coconut palm sugar to provide the rich color and caramel flavor. I could have used only coconut sugar to sweeten the ice cream, but to shave some calories, I opted to use about half of what I would have needed to create an adequately sweet ice cream, and added liquid vanilla stevia to provide the rest. (If you just clicked that link and dropped your jaw at the price of a 2oz bottle, relax. It seems like a lot of money but I promise it lasts forever. This stuff is highly concentrated and you only need a few drops to sweeten a cup of coffee or tea.)
Similarly, in these Mint-Cacao Cookie Dough Truffles, I used a combination of powdered steviaalong with maple syrup. In this no-bake recipe, the maple syrup is desirable because it helps to bind the dry ingredients. But just like with the ice cream recipe, I opted to lighten the caloric load by using some stevia in addition.
Now take a look at my Pumpkin Spice Cheesecake Swirl Brownies (that are not only refined sugar-free, but vegan and gluten-free too!) Here I used a combination of maple syrup and another sweetener I didn’t even mention above: dates! Date puree (made from soaking dates in hot water and then pureeing in a food processor) provides not only sweetness and obvious nutrition, but contributes to the soft, chewy texture desirable in brownies and cookies. Also note that instead of oil, I used a combination of applesauce and pumpkin to provide the necessary moisture. These natural fruit and vegetable options provide some sweetness too. Decadently rich and fudgy, these brownies are some of my favorite baked goods to date (no pun intended.)
Lastly, here is an example where stevia did work perfectly well on its own. That chocolate-covered dream you see is a a Chocolate Raspberry Macaroon Tart I created for Clean Eating Magazine. There you have it: another resource to support your new clean eating lifestyle, and one to which I’m proud to be a regular contributor. I served this tart at a big family party last spring, and the only complaint was that I didn’t bring a second one as well.
I hope that with these ideas, you’re able to stay on track and feel good about what you’re eating!
About the Author
Cara Lyons is the author of Cara’s Cravings, a food blog dedicated to delicious recipes for healthy living. She is also a regular contributor to Clean Eating Magazine.
Sign-up Today for our FREE Newsletter and receive a four-part video series on how to deadlift! | <urn:uuid:43ab2ebb-fd2c-4410-a041-bc062fcfe65f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ericcressey.com/healthier-food-options-natural-sweeteners-healthier-desserts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945862 | 1,159 | 1.773438 | 2 |
(MoneyWatch) The security industry has something of a split personality when it comes to mobile devices, especially cell phones. There are a variety of antivirus and anti-malware solutions out there for mobile phones, yet most experts have contended for the past few years that the risk to mobile phones is relatively low.
Perhaps it's time to reassess that risk. Two somewhat chilling threats have popped up in recent weeks, and the bad news is that there are few precautions you can take to avoid them. Traditional anti-malware software isn't likely to be effective.
Fake cellphone towers. Like a page ripped from a high-tech thriller, bogus cell phone towers are actually appearing in the wild. They're also alarmingly cheap -- assembled in Eastern Europe and available for sale to criminals, these towers cost just $1,500 or so and allow the operator to take control of the phones that use them and download data from a device. According to The Street, such towers are already in use by law enforcement and government entities, and likely in the hands of criminals as well.
Officially sanctioned malware. The most alarming aspect of this hack is that it's not exactly a hack. Carriers like AT&T, Verizon, and Sprint have the ability to push software patches down to handsets. There's nothing dangerous or surprising about that. But if a carrier, working with a government, pushed malware to the handsets as a part of a regular update, the government would have a backdoor to monitor the data and communication on those handsets with relative impunity. According to reporting in The Street, this is actually happening today in countries like China, Brazil, Russia, India, Saudi Arabia and Israel. The only practical solution? Don't use your own phone when traveling to a high-risk country -- use a throwaway handset instead.
Photo courtesy Flickr user Clive Darra | <urn:uuid:59a5bccc-2ecb-4f77-9b3c-f861b795d231> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cbsnews.com/news/has-your-cell-phone-been-hacked/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958524 | 379 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Jefferson Adams is a freelance writer living in San Francisco. His poems, essays and photographs have appeared in Antioch Review, Blue Mesa Review, CALIBAN, Hayden's Ferry Review, Huffington Post, the Mississippi Review, and Slate among others.
He is a member of both the National Writers Union, the International Federation of Journalists, and covers San Francisco Health News for Examiner.com.
Celiac.com 10/29/2010 - From Elisabeth Hasselbeck's popular book, The G-Free Diet, to Chelsea Clinton's gluten-free wedding cake to Gwyneth Paltrow's website praises, the focus these days seems to be on gluten, or, rather, on going gluten-free.
Gluten, a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley, is fast becoming like high-fructose corn syrup, or rBGH, products whose name gets mentioned only to tell people it's not an ingredient in what they are about to eat or drink.
More and more, people mention gluten to say that they do not eat it, and to talk about the lengths they go to exclude it from their diet. Even the new Old Spice guy avoids the ubiquitous protein to help stay buff, he told Jay Leno on a recent television appearance.
In some ways, going gluten-free is the latest twist on the low-carb diet fad of the late nineties. In some cases, the gluten-free diet, which is a must for people with celiac disease or gluten-intolerance, is just the latest diet to be chatted up on daytime talk shows, promoted by beautiful celebrities, and tried by multitudes.
For the benefit of people with celiac disease and gluten-intolerance, the number of gluten-free products on grocery shelves has exploded over the last five years. Once scarce or nonexistent, products like gluten-free pasta, pizza, cookies, crackers, cereal and, yes, even beer have opened up a whole new range of dietary possibilities for celiacs and non-celiacs alike.
Still, some are concerned that many who do not need, and will not benefit from a gluten-free diet may be setting themselves up for just the latest dietary failure.
As with regular people, so with celebrities. For people with celiac disease and gluten-intolerance, a gluten-free diet and a gluten-free life are both necessary and beneficial, helping these people to stabilize their immune systems and to avoid associated disorders.
So, while celebrities with celiac disease or gluten-intolerance require and benefit from a gluten-free diet, everyone else does not require it, and will gain questionable benefits from adopting the diet. The gluten-free diet is not a way for people without celiac disease and gluten-intolerance to automatically lose weight. That's in part because many gluten-free products are no healthier than their gluten-free counterparts. A cheese-doodle is pretty much a cheese-doodle, whether it contains wheat or not.
For people without celiac disease or gluten-sensitivity, eating wholesome breads or pastas that contain gluten is not only delicious, but part of a healthy, balanced diet. So, after the summer buzz dies down, those folks might want to go back to their gluten.
Not only is gluten an essential protein that gives traditional breads and pastas their flexible, chewy structure, it often is used to thicken processed foods like ketchup and ice cream.
People who suspect that they have celiac disease or gluten intolerance should get tested, and consult a qualified medical professional. People seeking to model themselves after celebrities should look to do so in more productive ways than adopting a gluten-free diet without needing to do so. There's just no good evidence to support the idea that eating gluten-free will help people to safely lose weight. | <urn:uuid:7bbe6ae0-a979-4b86-a427-0a2d3e6b9ce7> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.celiac.com/articles/22330/1/AreCelebritiesPuttingTooMuchGlamoronGluten-freeDiet3F/Page1.html/print | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00292-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.951053 | 789 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Throughout East Anglia Methodism went from strength to strength. Records were kept of christenings and sometimes burials. These are recorded by circuit rather than by an individual church. Personal experience has also shown that these registers do not run chronologically but by church for a given period, as each group of christenings/burials were made available. Each circuit had a register to which each church within that circuit added its entries.
Meetings were held by the Wesleyan Methodists in Cambridge in 1800, but the first permanent congregation was founded in the yard of the Brazen George Inn in St. Andrew's Street in 1810. In 1815 William Beacock, a Yorkshire plasterer, built a chapel in Blucher Row, Barnwell, with his own hands, assisted by the unskilled labour of other members of the society, which then numbered about 80. In 1830 the Methodists took over the chapel on the south side of Green Street which had earlier housed an independent meeting. When the numbers had increased to 300, the chapel in Hobson Street was opened in 1849. This was rebuilt in 1894 but was sold to the County Council in 1912. It was replaced by the new Wesley Church near Christ's Pieces in 1913. There are other chapels at the corner of Norwich Street and Hills Road (1871), in Romsey Town (1906), in Meadowlands (1952) and in Chesterton. The last was founded in 1858 and a new building on a new site in Chesterton High Street opened in 1904. This was sold in 1952 and a new chapel opened in Scotland Road. The Hills Road and Romsey Town chapels benefited from legacies left by Robert Sharman (will proved 1943).
The Primitive Methodists held their first meetings in Castle End in 1820, and their first chapel was built in St. Peter's Street in 1822, and rebuilt on the same site in 1863. A new chapel was built in 1914 on an extension of the original site facing Castle Street. They also had a chapel in Newmarket Road (1875). A chapel in Panton Street, held under a trust deed of 1845, was sold in 1911 to the Christian Scientists.
The Countess of Huntingdon was the founder of the Calvinistic Methodist sect, the Countess of Huntingdon Connexion. She sought originally to evangelise fellow aristocrats within the Church of England but, facing the Church's hositility to Methodists, utimately established, with Whitefield, her own "Connexion", now part of the United Reformed Church except for the 23 remaining.
About Selina Hastings
SELINA, Countess of Huntingdon, was born in 1707, married in 1728 and became a Christian at around the age of 32. She became a widow seven years later and began to devote her energies wholeheartedly to the Lord's work. Like the Wesleys and George Whitefield, she was a member of the Church of England. She used her influence to arrange the appointment of evangelical clergymen in numerous parishes and appointed George Whitefield and other clergy as her chaplains, which was a way of supporting them in their ministry.
The Countess opened private chapels attached to her residences, which she was allowed to do as a peeress of the realm. These were used for the public preaching of the gospel, but they became a source of contention from the local Anglican clergy, with the result that she reluctantly seceded from the Church of England in 1781
In 1768 she opened a College at Trevecca for young men to train for the ministry, near to the community established by Howell Harris. The students from Trevecca did much evangelising and church planting, mostly in England. However, it became increasingly difficult for them to obtain ordination in the Church of England, so the first Ordination service in the Countess' Connexion was held on 9th March 1783, during which the Connexion's Articles of Faith were first read.
The college moved to Cheshunt in 1792. From 1840 it became increasingly more involved with the Congregational Union and moved to Cambridge in 1906. Cheshunt College Foundation still gives financial support for the training of ministers in England and Sierra Leone today.
The Connexion's Articles of Faith are drawn partly from those of the Church of England, partly from the Westminster Confession and some are particular to the Connexion. They are of the Calvinistic persuasion and allow for infant baptism.
When the Countess died in 1791 there were over 60 causes associating themselves with the Countess of Huntingdon, but most of these were in local trusts. Only a few actually belonged to the Countess and were bequeathed in her will to her devisees. The first Connexional Trust Deed was made in 1807. Since that date, some chapels originally describing themselves as 'Countess of Huntingdon' have come to the Main Trust and some have joined other denominations. Numbers of Mission Stations were established by the larger chapels, which have outlived them. The present scheme was executed in 1899 and revised a few years ago.
The Countess of Huntingdon - Ely - www.countessely.org.uk
Connexional youth work - www.youthconference.co.uk
The Main Countess of Huntingdon's Connexion site - www.cofhconnexion.org.uk
Return to Main Cambridgeshire page
Last Updated on: 5 January
For comments about this webpage, please email Martin Edwards.
©1999. EnglandGenWeb and WorldGenWeb Project. | <urn:uuid:5d0f5030-1669-49c3-a7d8-ea9ac244df37> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~engcam/method.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00320-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98226 | 1,161 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Oct 05,2007 00:00
CRESCENT, Ore. —Forest Service fuels specialists, in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Corrections and Walker Range Patrol Association, will be conducting 1200 acres of slash pile burning and 250 acres of under burning in the Crescent area over the next several weeks, weather permitting. The objective for the burns is to reduce hazardous fuels on the Deschutes National Forest.
Two of the burns will occur today and Saturday and will be visible to motorists on Highway 97. One of the burn projects (burning on both Friday and Saturday) will be located 13 miles South of Crescent between mileposts 199 & 200; the second burn project (burning on Saturday only) will be located six miles South of Crescent between mileposts 193 & 194.
All controlled burns are weather-dependent and completed in cooperation with the Oregon Department of Forestry smoke management plan. | <urn:uuid:88fab5af-c1f6-4630-93d8-c1b6de1c6010> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bendweekly.com/print/9594.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00056-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92758 | 175 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Herbal remedies may not be all benign
Cancer patients have been warned that commonly used complementary remedies including fish oil, green tea and ginger could increase the risk to the health and undermine the effectiveness of conventional treatments.
In a presentation to the Clinical Oncology Society of Australia’s Annual Scientific Meeting, researchers at Melbourne’s Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre reported that the 10 most common complementary medicines could interfere with the operation of chemotherapy drugs, unexpectedly increasing their toxicity or reducing their effectiveness.
“These products may increase the effects of chemotherapy and put the patient at risk of toxicity, or decrease the efficacy of chemotherapy,” lead author Sally Brooks said. “Those that contain high levels of antioxidants may interfere with both chemotherapy and radiation therapy.”
The study was based on inquiries made by doctors and patients to the hospital’s Medicines Information Centre over a two-year period, and covered the 10 most common complementary medicnes, including fish oil, turmeric, coenzyme Q10, milk thistle, green tea, ginger, lactobacillus, licorice, astragalus and reishi mushroom.
Ms Brooks said these substances were unlikely to cause problems when they were consumed as part of a normal, healthy diet, but were problematic when they were concentrated in larger amounts in complementary medicines.
She said the complexity of dealing with different types of cancers, and the enormous variety of responses among individuals, meant that much more research was needed.
Nonetheless, she said, “what’s safe for one person may not be for another. We need to raise awareness of proven and potential risks”.
Clinical Oncology Society of Australia President Associate Professor Sandro Porceddu said the research was an alert for people to be careful about what they took.
A/Professor Porceddu said patients could wrongly assume that anything that was natural and labelled complementary was safe and would complement conventional cancer therapies.
“Although some complementary therapies and medicines may benefit patients, they can also be dangerous and undermine treatment,” he said. “Until we know more, it is best to err on the side of caution, and for patients to discuss with the health care provider any complementary or alternative therapies they are using or considering using.” | <urn:uuid:4e08625c-6384-4d29-b607-70a0dfdd6cb8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.doctorportal.com.au/herbal-remedies-may-not-be-all-benign/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00449-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963816 | 469 | 2.59375 | 3 |
HAYWOOD COUNTY, TN - A Haywood High School junior is making a significant difference in west Tennessee. Hailey Cunningham, 17, told us there weren't any resources available for students that received their period for the first time.
"I didn't have them when I was in middle school... it was something that I needed," Cunningham said.
The student gathered bags, pads, tampons, and pamphlets to create 'period kits' for students at Haywood Middle School. Pamphlets inside the 'period kits explain how to use period supplies properly.
With the help of her Medical Terminology teacher, Cunningham was able to purchase the items needed for the project. She told us she was inspired by a YouTube video to create the period kits for her community.
All the period kits Cunningham creates are gender-inclusive. We asked Haley what are her plans in the future, "I would like to double-major in Computer Science and Bio-Medical Engineering." She currently working on projects focused on critical-race theory and experience for future surgeons.
Our Bare Needs Diaper Banks will partner with Hailey in the future by providing period supplies whenever needed.
If you would like to donate to the Bare Needs Diaper Bank, or if you need help with diapers or period supplies, visit midsouthfoodbank.org/diaper-bank | <urn:uuid:ebe05684-f9ba-457a-8a43-8f00537fb9db> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.midsouthfoodbank.org/hunger-blog/posts/high-school-student-fights-period-poverty-in-haywood-county | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.968986 | 275 | 2.390625 | 2 |
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. (Syn: Botor tetragonoloba (L.) Kuntze; Botor tetragonolobus (L.) Kuntze; Dolichos ovatus Graham; Dolichos tetragonolobus L.);
India (I); Andhra Pradesh ; Arunachal Pradesh; Assam; Bihar ; Delhi; Goa; Haryana ; Himachal Pradesh; Karnataka ; Maharashtra ; Manipur; Meghalaya; Mizoram; Nagaland ; Orissa; Punjab ; Rajasthan; Sikkim; Tamil Nadu; Tripura; Uttar Pradesh; West Bengal and other countries as per ILDIS;
Picture taken during the “Flower Show’ at Jijamata Udyan, Mumbai in Feb,12.
Today while searching the net found its name.
Did not find any earlier posts on this, only … reference of its name.
Used as a vegetable.
Picture taken on the 25th of Feb.
Psophocarpus tetragonolobus : 1 post by 1 author. Attachments (4)
There is only one photo of Psophocarpus tetragonolobus on efloraofindia site.
I am attaching few more photos of the same species. If it is useful you may add these photos, especially of the flower.
These photographs are taken at private farm at Ghodegaon. 19° 2′ 3.29” N 73° 50′ 0.04” E. Altitude 693.3 | <urn:uuid:93ec2b53-bd1c-4bae-a434-388fdb9907d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://efloraofindia.com/2012/05/06/psophocarpus-tetragonolobus/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808213349-20220809003349-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.706393 | 351 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Save a ghost.
—PZI Miscellaneous Koans, Case 17
Zenosaurus Curriculum 10: Why do people sit around the camp fire with flashlights under their chins telling ghost stories? As well as the shudder that takes us to another realm, ghosts bring romance and yearning—they account for incompleteness, the person you loved but who died or changed her mind, the uncontrollable residue of everything we do.
So, rather than thinking a predicament is something we’ve got to get rid of, it’s just life—and it has its own dynamism. Maybe we have to walk through it, not run the other way. It’s all right to weep about it, or be frustrated and angry. You can’t be someone else, you are who you are. The gateway is yours, not someone else’s. From recording at Summer Sesshin, July 11 2013, Santa Sabina. | <urn:uuid:fb3d6b52-fdf3-47c0-a8a4-c37b9f6b20e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.pacificzen.org/library/category/text/?taxonomy=pzi_archive_koan&term=ghost-mk17 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572215.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815235954-20220816025954-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.947693 | 202 | 2.140625 | 2 |
In the same hotline session as CANTOS, the results of COMPASS (Cardiovascular Outcomes for People using Anticoagulation Strategies) also caught the attention. In a stable cardiovascular disease population (established coronary or peripheral arterial disease), over 27,000 patients were randomised to one of three groups:
- rivaroxaban 2.5 mg b.i.d plus aspirin 100 mg daily
- rivaroxaban 5 mg b.i.d, or
- aspirin 100 mg daily alone.
Over a mean follow-up of 23 months, there was a marked decrease in the primary composite end point of cardiovascular death, stroke, or myocardial infarction in the combination therapy group by 24% (hazard ration [HR] 0.76; 95% CI 0.66-0.86; p<0.001) over aspirin monotherapy, and improved survival by 18%. The trial terminated prematurely by the data monitoring committee due to due to overwhelming efficacy. Rivaroxaban monotherapy showed no efficacy benefit.
The anticipated trade-off was apparent with increased major bleeding in the combination therapy arm (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.40–2.05; p<0.001), although fatal and intracranial bleeds were not significantly increased. Whether this reflects a lack of statistical power or an underlying mechanistic effect of rivaroxaban (e.g. mostly treatable gastrointestinal bleeds) is not entirely clear.
Data from the pantoprazole sub-study may shed further light when they emerge. Irrespective, the risk of the net clinical benefit outcome (cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, fatal bleeding, or symptomatic bleeding into a critical organ) was lower with combination therapy (HR 0.80; 95% CI 0.70–0.91; p<0.001) suggesting a clear beneficial effect.
The trial results were published simultaneously in the New England Journal of Medicine (https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1709118) with an accompanying editorial (https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1710241) from Professor Eugene Bruanwald, in which he describes the rivaroxaban-plus-aspirin regimen as “the clear winner” and suggests the trial “represents an important step forward in thrombocardiology, and it is likely to change practice guidelines.”
A second COMPASS study presented in the same session, – COMPASS-PAD – which investigated 7,470 patients with peripheral vascular disease in the COMPASS study, showed that the addition of low dose rivaroxaban to aspirin, compared with aspirin alone, reduced cardiovascular death, stroke or heart attack by 28%, and limb-threatening ischaemia, including amputation, by 46%. Considering both outcomes together, rivaroxaban and aspirin lowered major adverse cardiovascular or limb events by 31%.
Rivaroxaban alone versus aspirin did not reduce major adverse cardiovascular events, but did reduce major adverse limb events. However, taking cardiovascular and limb events together, rivaroxaban alone was not superior to aspirin.
The combination of rivaroxaban and aspirin increased the risk of major bleeding, but did not increase the risk of fatal or critical organ bleeding, and most major bleedings were reversible.
You can find all of our reports from the ESC 2017 here. | <urn:uuid:039a09a0-220f-4648-afe2-190a72509038> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bjcardio.co.uk/2017/10/esc-2017-compass-steers-on-anticoagulation-in-stable-cardiovascular-disease/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00679.warc.gz | en | 0.912573 | 723 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Perhaps not unexpectedly, Richard Seymour’s Unhitched has roused Christopher Hitchens’ legion of defenders and apologists to indignation, and Seymour has risen to the occasion in characteristically scathing fashion.
In the Washington Post: “The author — a Marxist writer and activist born in Northern Ireland and living in London — has done his research, apparently having read almost everything his subject ever wrote, but in the service of the narrow goals of the over-zealous prosecutor…Seymour insists on advancing his argument from solid ground onto very thin ice.”
In response, Verso will soon be publishing Seymour’s new trilogy of Stieg Larsson-style books: “The Strident Marxist Who Went Too Far, The Strident Marxist Who Didn't Go Far Enough, and The Strident Marxist Who Went Far Enough, Took Pictures, Came Back and Mailed Them To Your Mama.”
Next Thursday, Barbara Fields will discuss Racecraft: The Soul of Inequality in American Life with Atlantic senior editor Ta-Nehisi Coates at the CUNY Graduate Center. The book, which Fields co-wrote with her sister, Karen Fields, is dense with ideas and there will be lots to cover in the conversation.
In advance of the event, we recommend the Academic & the Artist podcast, which Karen Fields has appeared on three times now. The programs provide a great opportunity to explore some of the challenging debates circulating around the book's central themes of race, inequality and the mythical belief in a "post-racial" America.
In the first interview, which was released shortly after Racecraft was published in the fall of last year, Fields talked to the podcast hosts José F. Moreno and Sergio Muñoz about racial identity, the racializing of inequality, and the problems inherent in fighting inequality with social policy that has been constructed on racial terms. Music by Stevie Wonder—Fields is a fan—was played during musical interludes. Click here to listen to the first show.
"My impression in general is that the business press is more open, more free, often more critical, less constrained by external power and external influences."
"Latin Ameirca has begun to address its horrendous internal problems. This is an area of the world that ought to be pretty rich and successful. [...] Compare it with East Asia which is far poorer in resources, many faced with hostile powers and internal conflicts, which South America isn't - but it's grown extensively and developed."
"The first was in Venezuela in 2002 when the US quite openly backed a coup attempt which was successful for a few days but was then overturned. [...] The second was in Haiti in 2004 when the traditional torturers of Haiti, France and the US, combined to give not-so-tacit support to a military uprising, and intervened to kidnap the elected president and send him off to central Africa [...] The third case was Honduras, where the elected president, Zelaya, was expelled by the military." | <urn:uuid:06a180d6-1d1a-4460-b2ec-b56211ba56a1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.versobooks.com/blogs?month=2&year=2013 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969767 | 615 | 1.835938 | 2 |
Winter Weather Across AmericaFrom the Mid-Atlantic Coast to New England
The classic storm in these states is called a Nor'easter. A low-pressure area off the Carolina coast strengthens and moves north. Wind-driven waves batter the coast from Virginia to Maine, causing flooding and severe beach erosion. The storm taps the Atlantic's moisture-supply and dumps heavy snow
Along the Gulf Coast and Southeast
This region is usually doesn't get much snow, ice or freezing temperatures. Once in a while, though, cold air penetrates south across Texas and Florida, into the Gulf of Mexico. Temperatures fall below freezing, killing tender vegetation, such as flowering plants and the citrus fruit crop. Wet snow and ice accumulate on trees with leaves, causing the branches to snap under the load. Motorists are unsure how to drive on slick roads and there can be a lot of traffic accidents. Some buildings are poorly insulated or lack heat altogether so it can be cold inside! Cities may not have snow removal equipment or treatments, such as sand or salt, for icy roads.
In the Midwest and Plains
Storms tend to develop over southeast Colorado. These storms move east or northeast and use both the southward plunge of cold air from Canada and the northward flow of moisture from the Gulf of Mexico to produce heavy snow and sometimes blizzard conditions. Other storms affecting the Midwest and Plains move southeast. Arctic air is drawn from the north and moves south across the Plains and Great Lakes. Wind and cold sometimes combines to cause wind chill temperatures as low as 70F below zero! The wind crosses the lakes, tapping its moisture and forming snow squalls and narrow heavy snow bands. This is called "lake-effect snow."
From the Rockies to the West Coast
Strong storms crossing the North Pacific sometimes slam into the coast from California to Washington. The vast Pacific provides an unlimited source of moisture for the storm. If it's cold enough, snow falls over Washington and Oregon and sometimes even in California. As the moisture rises into the mountains, heavy snow closes the mountain passes and can cause avalanches. The cold air from the north has to filter through mountain canyons into the basins and valleys to the south. If the cold air is deep enough, it can spill over the mountain ridge. As the air funnels through canyons and over ridges, wind speeds can reach 100 mph, damaging roofs and taking down power and telephone lines. Combining these winds with snow results in a blizzard.
Wind-driven waves from intense storms crossing the Bering Sea produce coastal flooding and can drive large chunks of sea ice inland, destroying buildings near the shore. High winds, especially across Alaska's Arctic coast, can combine with loose snow to produce a blinding blizzard and wind chill temperatures to 90F below zero! Extreme cold (-40F to -60F) and ice fog may last for as long as a week at a time. Heavy snow can impact the interior of the state, especially along the southern coast. The snow accumulates through the winter months and in the mountains, it builds glaciers. The heavy snow accumulations can cause avalanches or collapse roofs of buildings. A quick thaw means certain flooding. Ice jams on rivers can also cause substantial flooding.
Source: The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)
Provided by Factmonster.com.
If you need to teach it, we have it covered.
Start your free trial to gain instant access to thousands of expertly curated worksheets, activities, and lessons created by educational publishers and teachers.Start Your Free Trial | <urn:uuid:1151120e-36ff-4cfc-bf37-7a741a1c3c53> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.teachervision.com/weather/resource/4364.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00066-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927555 | 727 | 3.5 | 4 |
Claudine lives in rural Rwanda, in the south of the country. Her two daughters – Rebeca and Rachel – sometimes ask her what their father looked like. It’s mostly to settle an ongoing dispute about who resembles him more. The neighbours say it’s Rebeca but Rachel refuses to believe that. Claudine wishes she had even a small photo of her beloved husband who died in the genocide when the girls were still too little to remember him. But she doesn’t. All photographs were lost. She is hoping to find an image one day to settle the daughters’ dispute.
Mama Lambert used to be a teacher. She’s in her sixties and has recently graduated from university. She lost countless family members in the genocide, including many of her own children. She lives in a suburb of Kigali, Rwanda’s capital. Her house is filled with photographs. Mama Lambert is lucky enough (if luck is the right word) to have an album full of images. She donated the copies of some of them to the Kigali Genocide Memorial so her daughters can be remembered together with the other children. Other images from Mama Lambert’s album have been enlarged and put up on the walls of her house. Others still have been turned into paintings by a local artist. Mama Lambert has found peace in her church: Solace Ministries. She now offers support and consolation to genocide widows and orphans.
Oliva too has an album full of photographs – a small and neat thing with a photo of herself in a heart-shaped frame on the cover. Oliva lives in a town about a 40-minute drive from Kigali. She isn’t very well and supports herself by doing bits of sewing for other people. Oliva’s album is small but complicated... It contains the only photo of her husband, who died in the genocide and whom Oliva loved very much. But it is also home to photos of her sons, two of whom died after the genocide, breaking Oliva’s already broken heart. In Oliva’s album, there are also many photos of her. Even though the money is very tight, she photographs herself whenever she can to ‘make the record of the places she’s been to’ and so people can remember her when she’s gone.
Cecile has resided in the southern city of Huye – in a beautiful, sprawling house – for more than 80 years. Not only has she survived the 1994 genocide (escaping the country to Burundi) but many of the other violent episodes in Rwanda’s history. She lost countless family members in the genocide. When she returned from Burundi, she found her family albums scattered in the road by the University. Many of the photographs had been damaged. The killers wanted to erase all traces of their victims. Rescued and reclaimed, the photographs now reside in Cecile’s albums. She’s very glad to have them and says that without a photo you ‘lose the image of your loved ones from your mind.’
Adeline was too young to remember her father when he died. In the film, she shares her experience of “meeting” him through a photograph; the only one she has. She carries the image on her phone wherever she goes, like a lucky charm. She starts every morning by saying hello to her dad and consults the photo before every important decision she takes.
Serge is a genocide survivor and the head guide at the Kigali Genocide Memorial (KGM) – the biggest one in Rwanda. The KGM is also a burial place for more than 250,000 thousand victims. Serge’s father is buried amongst them. Serge talks about how strange it is to have to distance himself from his emotions as he guides visitors around the KGM, explaining the history of the genocide and focusing on facts only. He rarely mentions that he has family in the mass graves. Serge has donated the photo of his father to the Genocide Archive. He prefers to keep it there rather than at home – for him it’s a sure sign that his dad is ‘a victim and is never coming back’.
Aline is the main archivist at the Genocide Archive Rwanda and the Kigali Genocide Memorial. Her professional yet gentle manner shows in the care she gives to the images and documents donated to the Archive. Aline speaks beautifully about the thoughts that go through her mind when she’s handling private photographs of strangers whom she knows to be dead, and about her mission to make sure people are remembered as something more than a number.
Claver too is a genocide survivor, as well as the manager at the Genocide Archive Rwanda. He feels a very strong need to document the life of his young family. This desire comes, at least partly, from the fact that he doesn’t have a single photo of his parents who died in the genocide. He did have a small I.D. portrait of his mother but it got lost somehow. In the film, he talks about his important work of preserving history for future generations but also about the complexity of working surrounded by images without having any of his own.
Paul is an indexing and cataloguing officer at Genocide Archive Rwanda. He often goes out into the field to record the testimonies of survivors. Back in the office, he makes sure that the huge database of images and videos is in order. Paul is also a genocide survivor who lost many members of his family in 1994, including his parents and brother. Paul has a photo on his phone. It shows his mum, his dad and his brother. The photograph was put together by Paul’s wife in Photoshop. Different images were seamlessly merged to bring the dead together in one image, since no actual family photograph existed. | <urn:uuid:bc2464dc-4d9d-4a32-95ba-c673cfcb1267> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.faceswelostfilm.com/people | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.984089 | 1,209 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Dr Seuss wisely stated “shorth is better than length”. And it seems academia is slowly getting the message. Brief reports are here and will likely play an increasing role in Educational and Developmental Psychology. Having spent a while working with people in public health, I have been infected with their obsession with the brief. As Dr Seuss also said:
A writer who breeds more words than he needs creates a chore for the reader who readers.
With this advice in mind I have tended to target brief reports and encouraged others to do so. There is an issue I am seeing though. Unlike in public health, Ed and Dev reviewers are not really sure how to review brief reports. Today, for example, a post-doc at my institute was hauled over the coals by three reviewers all of whom said she had not done a thorougher review of the literature. The problem? The format she submitted to only allows for six references. My general experience is that reviewers are bringing across their expectations from long form articles and seem unwilling, unable, or unsure of how to adapt their reviews to the brief report format.
Some of the problem might lies with the editors. Maybe they don’t communicate expectations about brief reports to reviewers clearly enough. Maybe some of it is the fault of the publisher who don’t do a sufficient job signposting that an article is a brief report. Some of it is also likely teething problems as the Ed and Dev community starts to come to terms with the brief report format. What ever the reason, I think we need to address this if we are to embrace this format. And I think we should embrace the format. Generally my writing gets better and my ideas clearer when I am forced to whittle them down to the bare minimum.
So what should we do? In the long term I think there needs to be a rethink about the way different article types are flagged to reviewers by publishing systems and editors likely need to get better at: a) signalling to potential reviewers that a paper is a brief report and what that means for a given journal; b) providing authors clear directions on how to address reviewers who have requested changes that break with a brief report format; and c) providing reviewers with feedback. In the short term, when you review you should pay attention to the articles submission type and find out what the implications of this are (e.g., is there a limitation on the number of references allowed). As an author, I think it does not hurt to alert a reviewer to the fact you have written a brief report by using language like: “In this brief report …” rather than “In this paper…”. | <urn:uuid:bb697384-f1d6-4adc-b970-c2252f9d6298> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://peoplescience.blog/2020/02/26/shorth-is-better-than-length/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571190.0/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810131127-20220810161127-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.960463 | 547 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Sunday, October 09, 2022, 4:00 PM - 5:00 PM
The Let Freedom Ring Foundation will share the extraordinary history of the First Baptist Church and the surrounding Williamsburg community with a special documentary film, courtesy of the Tidewater Virginia Historical Society. The short film will feature key moments in history from the 18th to the 21st century as told by members of the current congregation and key community partners. Brief Q & A to follow.
The Tidewater Virginia Historical Society is focused on the preservation and promotion of the heritage of Tidewater Virginia by serving as an advocate for historic knowledge, archaeology preservation, and geographic and cultural heritage. It emphasizes interpretation of historic sites, and the unique contributions of the Tidewater area of Virginia to America's history. | <urn:uuid:6f5c17a1-91e9-4606-b147-396d06a52d07> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://firstbaptistchurch1776.org/event/6027293-2022-10-09-screening-history-half-told-is-untold/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.921073 | 154 | 1.507813 | 2 |
19 km / 12 miles
The Wirral Way is a path on the track of an old railway that goes from West Kirby to Hooton in mid-Wirral offering superb views over the Dee Estuary to Wales. Originally the railway formed a circuit of Wirral and this is the missing link.
It is situated within Wirral Country Park. Wirral Country Park is a place of contrasts. Birds nest in the dense hedges or feed on the berries in winter, and you may see up to ten kinds of butterfly in summer. From the boulder-clay cliffs look out over the Dee Estuary across its 31,500 acres to the Welsh shore, 5 miles away, and on a clear day you can see the familiar outline of Moel Famau in the Clwydian Hills. The estuary's ever-changing light, broad vistas and westerly sunsets reflected in the mudflats and the sea are a constant delight.
OS Explorer map 266 shows all of the route while only a small part of the route is covered by map 265.
Publications, Badges and Certificates:
You can use the interactive controls to zoom in and out and to move around the map, or click on a path or a marker for more info.(interactive map help) | <urn:uuid:ba1ab99f-5a3b-476f-8ce3-d278ca4ced1b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.ldwa.org.uk/ldp/members/show_path.php?path_name=Wirral+Way | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.920872 | 270 | 2.4375 | 2 |
After her first successful Photo Journey series on Odisha, Anushka Bishen is sharing about her recent trips to Redwood Coast. Redwood Coast is also known as North Coast of California and has some of the most beautiful landscapes around Pacific ocean.
The region's Pacific Ocean coast stretches from San Francisco Bay northwards to Humboldt Bay and on to the border of Oregon. The coastline is often inaccessible and includes rocky cliffs and hills, streams and tide pools.
The climate around Redwood coastline has varied range. Areas around coast side can be seen covered with fog during mild winters. Some of the high elevations can be seen with snow on the top. Summers are also quite harsh.
Here are some of the photographs of Redwood with huge trees all around. Don't miss the last photograph of this photograph and notice the size of Anushka in front of a huge tree.
Such a beautiful place it is. All surrounded by hundreds of years old tree standing tall. It seems like some of them are trying to touch the sky.
If you liked this post and found it helpful, I would request you to follow these things when traveling -
- Manage your waste well and don’t litter
- Use dustbins. Tell us if you went to a place and found it hard to locate a dustbin.
- Avoid bottle waters in hills. Usually you get clean water in hills and water bottles create lot of mess in our ecosystem.
- Say big no to plastic and avoid those unhealthy snacks packed in plastic bags. Rather buy fruits.
- Don't play loud blaring music in forests of jungle camps. You are a guest in that ecosystem and disturbing the locals (humans and animals) is not polite | <urn:uuid:4f5464b0-df36-41f7-a99b-ee4cd940e8eb> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://phototravelings.blogspot.com/2016/04/beyond-red-giants-pristine-redwood-coast.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00240-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950751 | 354 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Welcome to the first edition of the SMERU Newsletter in our second year as an independent organization. This edition focuses on various issues concerning the determination of minimum wages. From April to Oktober 2001, SMERU conducted a major study in this area, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A summary of the main findings of our work is presented in this edition. The qualitative study mainly concentrated on reviewing how the minimum wage regulations are viewed, interpreted, and implemented by both firms and workers, while the quantitative study examined the impact of minimum wages on employment using data from the National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas).
To increase our understanding of minimum wages and to place the issues in a broader context, we have invited Dr. Chris Manning, who for many years has been examining labor issues in Indonesia, to write a short overview of minimum wage policy. His article raises several important issues, in particular the tendency in Indonesia to treat minimum wages solely as a social issue while neglecting the economic consequences.
In the context of recent political reform in Indonesia, another fundamental issue is the relationship between minimum wages and regional autonomy. In the past, the central government issued regional minimum wage regulations drawing on recommendations fromthe governors in the regions. But now that the power to set minimum wages has beentransferred directly to the regional governments themselves, we need to consider the consequences of this change. A contribution from our Decentralization and Local Government Division seeks to discuss some of these dimensions.
The issue of minimum wages remains controversial. By raising some of these concerns here, we hope to provide some insights which may help our readers to consider the merits of government policy in this important area. We wish everyone a Happy New Year | <urn:uuid:43b330aa-bf9b-435a-b1bf-f081c6824de8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://smeru.or.id/en/publication/minimum-wages | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572870.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817062258-20220817092258-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.928341 | 346 | 1.984375 | 2 |
But what youngsters are doing on and off display matters greater than how a lot time they’re exposed to display media. There was a time when society was concerned about kids reading. If kids are studying, how will they complete their chores or homework? The worry that time spent with media replace other “acceptable” activities of childhood is commonly referred to as the displacement speculation. One such concern is that display time occupies time spent in bodily exercise.
Because display screen time is commonly sedentary, researchers have investigated whether or not it displaces the time youngsters spend being bodily lively. But the connection between the display screen time and bodily exercise shouldn’t be simple. Low levels of screen time do not all the time equate to increased levels of physical exercise. And when there’s a relationship between more display screen time and less physical activity, it is typically the results of extreme day by day display screen time.
The Australian pointers on bodily exercise and sedentary behavior advise kids beneath two avoid screen time entirely. But a nationally consultant poll conducted by the Royal Children’s Hospital discovered 63% of children aged two and underneath had screen exposure. For kids aged two to 5, the Australian tips encourage parents to restrict the time kids spend with screens to no multiple hour a day.
The youngster well being poll discovered round 72% of kids on this age group exceeded this recommendation. So, most Australian households are exceeding the rules, that are essentially constructed on a premise that is not clear-lower. Is screen time bad? A 2004 study from the United States explored the common time children spent watching television per day when they were aged one and three, and whether this affected their consideration span in later years.
They discovered watching TV within the early years was related to a better threat of consideration issues when these youngsters had been seven. However, the research did not take a look at the varieties of applications the kids had been watching. In 2007, the same researchers checked out the results of the content youngsters watched. They discovered an affiliation between watching violent or entertaining television such as Scooby Doo and Rugrats earlier than the age of three and an elevated danger of consideration problems five years later.
- PDFs of Useful Content
- You don’t observe the brand new approaches
- Watch out for any issues in the computer and repair them instantly
- Create a PayPal Account
- Galaxy Note 9 (January 2019)
- In adbLink, click on the “Install APK” button
- How long has this place been open for
- Finish the Ad Setup Within Facebook Ads
But there was no such association when it got here to academic content material comparable to Sesame Street. So, content performs a role, however the kid’s age also matters. In this same research, the type of content considered by four- and five-year-olds did not have an effect on their attention five years later. The above studies describe changes over time. But different research looked on the immediate effects of different screen content on youngsters’s executive functioning—the considering required to drawback resolve and keep on the job.
These studies found publicity to academic content material didn’t hinder youngsters’s subsequent government functioning. But these talents were depleted in four- and 6-yr-olds who had simply watched quick and fantastical shows that performed with the bounds of physics and reality. What if you use screens along with your youngsters? Decades of the research has shown children underneath three years old study better from stay interactions than from two-dimensional sources. So, these young kids have little to achieve from screens within the absence of a mum or dad or peer.
Television meant for adult audiences, as well as television on in the background, disrupts the quality of children’s play and dad or mum-little one interactions that are important for early language and social development. The adverse results of any such display screen publicity are resulting from limiting each the frequency and high quality of interactions between child and caregiver. | <urn:uuid:65122b9f-e94b-4635-837b-81d2ee7eafb4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://puzzleblocks.net/its-your-childs-screen-experience-that-matters/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572198.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815175725-20220815205725-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.959586 | 819 | 2.75 | 3 |
DR. JOHN S. STEPHENSON. The value to any community of a professional man is not marked merely by his learning and skill, his proficiency in medical and surgical practice, but also by his character, both private and professional, his honorable adherence to medical ethics, and his personal integrity and benevolence of purpose. When a physician combines these characteristics it is with pleasure that we record his life-work, and such a man do we find in Dr. John S. Stephenson. He owes his nativity to Polk County, Tennessee, where he was born in 1839.
His parents were Dr. Andrew R. and Anna (Watson) Stephenson, born in North Carolina in 1797, and South Carolina in 1799 respectively. They were early settlers of East Tennessee, and in January, 1852, landed in Searcy County, Arkansas, the journey thither being made with ox teams and horse teams, occupying nearly four months. They were among the pioneers of Wiley’s Cove, and there improved a good farm, and spent the rest of their lives, the father’s death occurring in January, 1864, and the mother’s in 1868. They were members of the Missionary Baptist Church for many years, and the father was long a very successful practicing physician of his section of the county. He was a stanch Union man during the great Civil War, but took no active part in the struggle. His father, Joseph Stephenson, was born in Ireland, but came to this country about the time of the Revolutionary War, and located first in North Carolina and then in Monroe County, Tennessee, where he followed farming and teaching; he died in 1853, when quite advanced in years. His wife’s death occurred in Monroe County, Tennessee, several years before his own; both were earnest members of the Baptist Church at the time of their death. Dr. John S. Stephenson was the youngest child born to his parents, the other members being: Joseph, who was not a soldier in the Federal Army, was killed by bushwhackers in Searcy County, during the war; William, who died in 1893, in California; James Wilson, who was a soldier in the Third Arkansas Cavalry, United States Army, for eighteen months during the war, is now a successful farmer of Wiley’s Cove; Alex. Clark was also a soldier in the Third Arkansas Cavalry, and died in Searcy County in 1884; and Mary, widow of Berry Matthis, resides on the old home farm at Wiley’s Cove.
From the time he was thirteen years old until he reached manhood, Dr. John S. Stephenson spent his time on a farm, and as the schools of that day were very poor the most of his literary education was obtained at home, under the instruction of his mother. Soon after he had learned to read, he began the perusal of such medical books as he could obtain in his father’s library, and under the latter’s able instruction. His first practice was done in the army in Company 1, Third Arkansas Cavalry, which he joined in January, 1863, as a private. His command operated mostly on the Arkansas River against the guerrillas, and he served until the war closed, receiving his discharge at Louisburg, Arkansas, January 30, 1865. He acted as duty sergeant for about eighteen months, and during his entire service was neither wounded nor taken prisoner. After the war he practiced at Marshall, Arkansas, until about 1885, then two years at Western Grove, and since that time has been very successfully engaged in the practice of his profession at St. Joe. He is one of the oldest medical practitioners of Searcy County, and was at one time Secretary of the Searcy County Medical Society. From 1865 until 1867 he was county and circuit clerk, and in 1872 was chosen as a fitting man to represent the county in the State Legislature, and while discharging the duties of this responsible position, showed himself to be able, faithful and incorruptible. His conduct in every way pleased his Republican constituents. He was reared a Democrat and voted for Douglas in 1860, but since the war has given his support at all times to the Republican party. Socially he is a member of the A. F. & A. M., St. Joe Lodge No. 317, was worthy master of his lodge for four years, and was its representative to the Grand Lodge in 1890 and 1892.
The Doctor was married July 11, 1858, to Mary, daughter of Benjamin and Jane Potter, who came from Tennessee to Searcy County, Arkansas, in 1850. Mrs. Potter died here during the war, after which Mr. Potter unfortunately became demented, disappeared, and is supposed to be dead. Mrs. Stephenson was born in Perry County, Tennessee, and by the Doctor has become the mother of five children: Alex. C.; Martha, wife of A. J. King; Julius L.; Brunetta and Naomi A. The Doctor and Mrs. Stephenson have long been worthy members of the Christian Church. | <urn:uuid:98470c23-24be-4d22-af8a-abaefcb90311> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.accessgenealogy.com/arkansas/biography-of-dr-john-s-stephenson.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.992916 | 1,043 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Send the link below via email or IMCopy
Present to your audienceStart remote presentation
- Invited audience members will follow you as you navigate and present
- People invited to a presentation do not need a Prezi account
- This link expires 10 minutes after you close the presentation
- A maximum of 30 users can follow your presentation
- Learn more about this feature in our knowledge base article
Do you really want to delete this prezi?
Neither you, nor the coeditors you shared it with will be able to recover it again.
Make your likes visible on Facebook?
You can change this under Settings & Account at any time.
Transcript of True Love
The Catholic theme of true love, exemplified by the Corinthians quote, is present throughout both George Orwell's '1984', and William Shakespeare's 'A Midsummer Night's Dream'.
A Midsummer Night's Dream William Shakespeare
The novel '1984' portrays the prominent theme of power versus true love, as Winston and Julia struggle to develop a romantic relationship amongst their controlling society. The Party's goal is to abolish any love or loyalty which is not directed towards Big Brother; by changing the
1984 - George Orwell
dynamics between families, as well as romantic partners. This creates a major conflict throughout the novel, as Winston and Julia must struggle to keep their relationship a secret, to avoid severe retribution.
“But you could not have pure love or pure lust nowadays. No emotion was pure, because everything was mixed up with fear and hatred. Their embrace had been a battle, the climax a victory. It was a blow struck against the Party. It was a political act.” (Orwell, 72)
"Sometimes,’ she said, ’they threaten you with something something you can’t stand up to, can’t even think about. And then you say, ”Don’t do it to me, do it to somebody else, do it to So-and-so.” And perhaps you might pretend, afterwards, that it was only a trick and that you just said it to make them stop and didn’t really mean it. But that isn’t true. At the time when it happens you do mean it. You think there’s no other way of saving yourself, and you’re quite ready to save yourself that way. You want it to happen to the other person. You don’t give a damn what they suffer. All you care about is yourself.’... ’And after that, you don’t feel the same towards the other person any longer.’ (Orwell, 169-170)
The novel 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' portrays the prominent theme of true love and it's misconceptions. The main characters face many confusing obstacles, but in the end, true love conquers all. The play has an uplifting atmosphere, as Shakespeare
"I don’t mean confessing. Confession is not betrayal. What you say or do doesn’t matter: only feelings matter. If they could make me stop loving you — that would be the real betrayal."
She thought it over. ’They can’t do that,’ she said finally. ’It’s the one thing they can’t do. They can make you say anything — anything — but they can’t make you believe it. They can’t get inside you.’" (Orwell, 97)
uses humor and magic to lighten the tone. The contrasting characters also helped to add dimension, as even the silly characters found love.
"Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres. Love never fails. But where there are prophecies, they will cease; where there are tongues, they will be stilled; where there is knowledge, it will pass away."
“The course of true love never
did run smooth.” (1.1.134)
"Things base and vile, holding no quantity,
Love can transpose to form and dignity."
" I’ll follow thee and make a heaven of hell,
To die upon the hand I love so well."
Fair lovers, you are fortunately met.
Of this discourse we more will hear anon.
Egeus, I will overbear your will.
For in the temple by and by with us
These couples shall eternally be knit
Lovers and madmen have such seething brains,
Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend
More than cool reason ever comprehends.
The lunatic, the lover, and the poet
Are of imagination all compact. (5.1.4-8)
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Tumblr. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://love-islikethe-wind.tumblr.com/>.
Royal Shakespeare Company. Midsummer Night's Dreaming | Billy trailer | Royal Shakespeare Company. Youtube. N.p., 1 May 2013. Web. 26 July 2013. <
Cosentino, Joseph. 1984 Book Trailer - After Effects animation. Youtube. N.p., 11 May 2013. Web. 26 July 2013. <
Muse. Resistance. 2009. Audiotape.
Adamietz, Olaf. Titanic Piano - My Heart Will Go On. Youtube. N.p., 29 Apr. 2009. Web. 26 July 2013. <
The New American Bible. United States: Saint Jerome, 1970. Print. New American Bible.
Prezi. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://prezi.com/>.
"Book Cover Midsummer Nights Dream." Tumblr. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013.
"Julia & Winston (1984 - George Orwell)." 9gag. N.p., June 2012. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://9gag.com/gag/2569099>.
"Loving Swans." HD Wallpapers. N.p., 3 Aug. 2011. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://www.hdwallpapers.in/loving_swans-wallpapers.html>.
"1984: Do it to Julia!" Cobbie's World. N.p., 8 Feb. 2013. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://cobourgcobbie.blogspot.ca/2013/02/1984-do-it-to-julia.html>.
Simmons, John. "Hermia & Lysander — A Mid Summer Night's Dream." The Pictorial Arts. N.p., n.d. Web. 26 July 2013. <http://mydelineatedlife.blogspot.ca/2012/02/for-bliss-and-irish-watches.html>.
Sparknotes. Video SparkNotes: Orwell's 1984 Summary. Youtube. N.p., 21 Oct. 2009. Web. 26 July 2013. <
Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night's Dream. 2009 ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print.
Orwell, George. 1984. 1977. Orlando: Harcourt, 1949. Print.
"She was a bold-looking girl, of about twenty-seven, with thick hair, a freckled face, and swift, athletic movements. A narrow scarlet sash, emblem of the Junior Anti-Sex League, was wound several times round the waist of her overalls, just tightly enough to bring out the shapeliness of her hips. Winston had disliked her from the very first moment of seeing her. He knew the reason. It was because of the atmosphere of ... general clean-mindedness which she managed to carry about with her. " (Orwell, 5)
"What happens to you here is for ever. Understand that in advance. We shall crush you down to the point from which there is no coming back. Things will happen to you from which you could not recover, if you lived a thousand years. Never again will you be capable of ordinary human feeling. Everything will be dead inside you. Never again will you be capable of love, or friendship, or joy of living, or laughter, or curiosity, or courage, or integrity. You will be hollow. We shall squeeze you empty, and then we shall fill you with ourselves." (Orwell, 148)
"He had told them everything he knew about her, her habits, her character, her past life; he had confessed [everything] in the most trivial detail... And yet, in the sense in which he intended the word, he had not betrayed her. He had not stopped loving her; his feelings towards her had remained the same." (Orwell, 158)
The first time that Winston saw Julia, he immediately disliked her not only because she's pretty and he can't be with her, but also because her purity represented orthodoxy. Winston was desperate for love and rebellion, though he had to keep this a secret, as the Party is very controlling. He later suspected that Julia was a member of the thought police, and even briefly considered killing her to cover his tracks and to spite the party. Although he was attracted to Julia, he remained intimidated by her until she made the bold first move of giving him a love letter. They proceeded to meet in private, as their love affair developed into a relationship.
Although Winston and Julia are attracted to each other, and enjoy being together, their relationship began as a method of rebelling against the Party. Winston even tells Julia that the more men she has slept with, the more he wants to be with her, as it makes their romance even more unorthodox. Their relationship is as much about love as it is about control and power. By having an 'illegal' romantic relationship, they have temporarily outsmarted the Party, and found another person with whom they could discuss their negative views regarding the Party.
During the torture sessions, O'Brien warned Winston that he will never be the same, as he will no longer have the capability of human feelings. In the Ministry of Love, the torture was so excruciatingly unbearable that the Party had the ability to reform Winston's thought process. Winston found this news alarming, though he did not yet believe that they were capable of ending his love for Julia.
Winston eventually betrayed Julia when faced with his biggest fear; rats. He realized that the only way to avoid having a cage of rats strapped to his head was to suggest that they do it to Julia instead. In this moment, Winston realized that they have broken him, as he truly meant those words. After being released, Winston and Julia bumped into each other in a coffee shop. They both agreed that after their experiences in the Ministry of Love, they could never feel the same about each other.
After reading Goldstein's book, Winston and Julia discussed what they believed to be true betrayal. They decided that, regardless of what they confess about one another, the Party cannot force them to stop loving each other; which would be the only true betrayal. Little did they know that they would soon have to put their love to the test, as they were being spied on at that very moment, and were about to be interrupted by the thought police.
As Winston and Julia had predicted, Winston confessed every incriminating aspect of Julia's life, yet still remained faithful to her, as his love was not tarnished. He had not yet betrayed her, though O'Brien understood this, and the torture was still far from over.
Lysander says this quotation to soothe Hermia, as she is upset that her father has forbidden their love. He says that true love is always faced by seemingly insurmountable difficulties, and proceeds to provide multiple examples. Hermia then adds that lovers must persevere, as these difficulties are a small price to pay in order to obtain romantic bliss. This foreshadows the play’s exploration of love’s difficulties and the happy ending provided for those who persevere their true love.
Helena speaks these lines as she marvels about the irrational nature of love. This quote is extremely important to the play’s overall presentation of love, which is unexplainable and exceptionally powerful. Helena is confused by the fact that her beloved Demetrius is in love with Hermia and not her, even though she feels that she is just as beautiful as Hermia. She believes that love has the power to make worthless qualities beautiful, because love changes the
of their beloved.
Helena says this quote to herself after Demetrius has left her alone in the forest. She is so desperately in love with him that even though he has turned her down numerous times and now threatened her; she is still delighted to be in his presence. She goes on to say that she would be willing to die for him, or even be killed by him, as she wouldn't mind being killed by someone she loves so much. This exemplifies unconditional love, as Demetrius's faults make
her love him even more.
After the Athenian youths have been discovered in the forest, Theseus declares that they shall all get married together, and dismisses Egeus's protests. None of the adults understand how the four youths have worked out the confusion, yet, nevertheless, they are happily paired off. This portrays Shakespeare's message that though true lovers will struggle through the jealousy and confusion, and it will all work out in the end.
In this quote, Theseus is speaking to Hippolyta, explaining his feeling that lovers are just as crazy as lunatics. He also thinks that those in love are ruled by their overactive imaginations, and act irrationally. This is a very good summary of the events which occurred in the forest, as although there was a happy ending, the events leading up to it were very deceptive and confusing.
Throughout my presentation, I created contrasting tones between the two novels, while incorporating one theme; true love. This was done in an effort to reflect the atmosphere of both novels, as they each portrayed true love in a different way. '1984' told a tragic story of true love's endurance, and eventual termination, due to extreme circumstances. In contrast, 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' exemplified a cheery and humerous depiction of true love, with a happy ending.
With that in mind, I chose the 'Titanic' theme song for the background music, as it incorporated both the hopeful and tragic aspects of love. Similarly, the videos I chose represented the tone of the corresponding novel; the '1984' video is dramatic and haunting, while the 'A Midsummer Night's Dream' video was both silly and cute.
I chose quotes for my essay which I felt demonstrated the theme of true love, as well as the complications that come with it. The images at the beginning of my presentation introduced the theme of love, with a montage of generic photos, as well as two directly linked to the novels. | <urn:uuid:11ce79f6-89a9-4f79-9546-07d467fe012b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://prezi.com/sn4asqxtix0c/true-love/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954749 | 3,238 | 2.328125 | 2 |
GENDER STUDIES The men's section for Friday prayers at the University of Tehran, May 4. Women sit to one side, behind a curtain. Robert Polidor
Every week, the jumuah, or Friday prayer, is held in a large tent at the University of Tehran, with thousands of the faithful spilling out onto the surrounding campus. At each of these prayer meetings, the cleric on the platform clutches an AK-47 as he leads a chant of "Death to America! Death to Israel!"
Many of the chanters are not religious zealots. They're here because this weekly morning ritual is, in effect, a Washington cocktail party, a board meeting, and an audience with the pope all rolled into one.
For Tehran's leading politicians and businessmen, staying in favor with the ruling powers demands attendance, because in Iran, it's not just government that is fiercely theocratic; big business is too.
After the 1979 revolution, mullahs seized businesses owned by foreigners or controlled by the deposed shah and placed them under the umbrella of state-chartered bonyads: public charities established, at least in theory, to benefit all Muslims. Iran's supreme religious leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, picks the clerics who will lead the bonyads, thus bestowing C.E.O. powers on them. The bonyads, which control as much as a third of Iran's economy, don't report financials, don’t pay taxes, and answer only to the supreme leader.
The bonyads do give away most of their profits, but largely to members of a dozen or so powerful families. This limited competition has led Iran to huge disparities in income distribution, a lot like those in Uganda, Kenya, and the United States. Despite this rigged economic game, Iran is on Goldman Sachs' Next 11 list, a roster of countries that will be ripe for investment in the next half-century. But for Goldman's prediction to come true, the generation born after the revolution—the ayatollah boomers—will need to wrest control of Iran’s economy from the aging mullahs. If Tehran could compete with cities like Bangalore, India, for first-world-outsourcing opportunities, the boomers could transform Iran into a Persian tiger. Of course, the real Persian tiger is thought to be extinct, a fate that a class of young, moderate, educated Iranians is desperately trying to avoid.
Sign up to receive Upstart Business Journal’s free daily email newsletter, weekend edition and breaking news alerts. | <urn:uuid:c6d24917-45fb-4232-87f2-c9eb8bd933c6> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://upstart.bizjournals.com/news-markets/international-news/portfolio/2008/01/14/Iran-Prayer-Meetings.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00437-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949403 | 527 | 1.882813 | 2 |
> > How do you boot to a system to run debian-installer when there is no > > bios or bootloader on the system yet? > > Just take a look at the existing Debian ports, and you see that it's ok > to use a bios that's part of the hardware. > > > Should debian-installer support > > installing via JTAG? What happens on many embedded systems, > > debianish system is debootstrapped on a different machine and put into > > jffs2 image, which is then flashed to a pile of devices. Walking > > through d-i every time would be very clumsy, so there is no use > > for a working installer for those systems. > > Do we speak about ports to architectures or machines? If the sole > purpose is to be able to flash some embedded device, frankly speaking I > doubt that we need to host any *.deb-files on the ftp mirror network. > That's all besides the point. The point is that there are a lot of other ways to install debian besides booting from installer media and running d-i, like flashing a premade image using JTAG, which count as much as being a 'debian installer' then running d-i. Cheers, Peter (p2).
Description: Digital signature | <urn:uuid:4ae64a7a-63de-4a1f-a944-c086549511f1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://lists.debian.org/debian-devel/2005/08/msg01141.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00276-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.921531 | 271 | 1.953125 | 2 |
Aliases for OR5M3 Gene
External Ids for OR5M3 Gene
Previous GeneCards Identifiers for OR5M3 Gene
Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to initiate a neuronal response that triggers the perception of a smell. The olfactory receptor proteins are members of a large family of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) arising from single coding-exon genes. Olfactory receptors share a 7-transmembrane domain structure with many neurotransmitter and hormone receptors and are responsible for the recognition and G protein-mediated transduction of odorant signals. The olfactory receptor gene family is the largest in the genome. The nomenclature assigned to the olfactory receptor genes and proteins for this organism is independent of other organisms. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008]
GeneCards Summary for OR5M3 Gene
OR5M3 (Olfactory Receptor Family 5 Subfamily M Member 3) is a Protein Coding gene. Among its related pathways are Signaling by GPCR and Olfactory Signaling Pathway. GO annotations related to this gene include G-protein coupled receptor activity and odorant binding. An important paralog of this gene is OR5M9.
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot for OR5M3 Gene | <urn:uuid:34ae26eb-a53a-4f2f-afec-3d8752842c99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=OR5M3 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.874833 | 284 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Jack Kent ~ Prentice-Hall, 1982
Hey guys. Remember my love of all things Jack Kent celebrated in a flurry a few months back? Well, for all those interested, Jack Kent Jr. did a great little article of memories for his neighborhood newsletter to help announce a show of Jack Sr.'s work on display in the King William district in San Antonio for the month of June. To celebrate, I pulled another Kent favorite off the shelf (I still have so many I haven't written about... argh) and rolled it out at bedtime last night for my son. I think the bird/Kent combo is a must-love for the boy, though his hands down fave is Little Peep. But, I digress...
At first the little robin was like any other baby bird. Most of him was head and the rest of him was hungry. He ate and he ate and he ate and he ate until he looked more like a ball than a bird. Everybody called him Round Robin. The other birds fluttered about from tree to tree. "Come fly with us, Round Robin," they said. But Round Robin was too fat to fly. When he wanted to go anywhere, he hopped. Hippety, hoppety, boppety, BUMP. With more bumps than hops.
Yeah, this pretty much describes how I feel at the gym in the mornings. Though I usually find myself quietly editing children's books that use the word "fat", exchanging them instead for "big" or "large" or "roly poly", this one, for some reason, I leave as it is. Maybe because it is a bird. Maybe because everyone loves him despite his penchant for overeating. Maybe because he ends up losing weight and he has to walk south for the winter (too hefty to fly), but in the end, he carbs up again and becomes just as round as before. And that's OK. Everyone still loves him. Maybe it's just because he seems thoroughly happy with himself.
Once again, Kent brings a ton of movement through with the simple use of story and a few pen and ink strokes. His style and characters are thoroughly recognizable from book to book making them all connected in a neat way. Like they are related even when they are worlds apart. Any of you kids in San Antonio can read more about the show in the newsletter or see it for yourself at the King William Association office at 1032 South Alamo from 10 am to 2 pm, Monday through Friday.
Jack Kent's Twelve Days of Christmas
I Was Walking Down the Road
The Grown-Up Day
The Fox and the Crow
The Biggest Shadow in the Zoo
The Animobile Book
Jack Kent's Book of Nursery Tales
Dooly and the Snortsnoot
Cindy Lou and the Witch's Dog
Jack Kent's Valentine Sticker Book
The Bremen-town Musicians
Just Only John
Fly Away Home
Piggy Bank Gonzales
Socks for Supper
Read along on Facebook, tumblr, Twitter and Etsy | <urn:uuid:94b46fa7-5a23-4fe0-969b-06f92882321a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vintagechildrensbooksmykidloves.com/2010/06/round-robin.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00554-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968224 | 632 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Salem Fair is the largest fair in the state of Virginia and one of the top 100 fairs and expositions in the country. This 12 days agricultural fair is being organized by City of Salem. The venue of this event is Salem Civic Center which is located in Salem, Virginia, United States of America. The event will be held from 29 June 2016, Wednesday to 10 July 2016, Sunday. This agricultural fair offers high quality of exhibits, products, competitions, educational opportunities, and the exciting range of entertainment such as concerts, arena events etc. Salem Fair 2016 will showcase a wide range of products and services related to agriculture sector from the leading exhibitors. Over 350,000 visitors are expected at this agricultural fair. The frequency of Salem Fair is annual. Admission and parking is free for this event. This agricultural fair has been running since 1988. | <urn:uuid:3f623b0e-d9ef-45b1-961c-54f7a929dd57> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://tradeshowz.com/salem-fair | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00402-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974926 | 171 | 1.632813 | 2 |
| ||Format||Pages||Price|| |
|3||$48.00|| ADD TO CART|
This test method covers evaluation of the abrasive properties of graphites that are used for lubricating purposes.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in October 2006.
This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its lack of use in the industry.
1.1 This test method covers evaluation of the abrasive properties of graphites that are used for lubricating purposes.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
|Link to Active (This link will always route to the current Active version of the standard.)|
ASTM D1367-96(2001)e1, Standard Test Method for Lubricating Qualities of Graphites (Withdrawn 2006), ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 1996, www.astm.orgBack to Top | <urn:uuid:1bebd37c-9da7-441a-ba0f-38c4c9d9a6b9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.astm.org/Standards/D1367.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894002 | 274 | 1.71875 | 2 |
Elon Musk is considering building an airport near Bastrop, a suburb east of Austin, Texas.
• Read also: Elon Musk plans to fight back Twitter
• Read also: The trial of Elon Musk on Twitter will begin on October 17
• Read also: Elon Musk suggests investing in lithium
According to local publication Austinia, the Tesla CEO intends to use the airport not only for personal purposes, but also for employees of his many companies.
Elon Musk loves Austin and moved his headquarters here from Palo Alto and Los Angeles.
However, building a new airport will not be an easy task for Musk.
This requires several state permits as well as environmental and air traffic impact studies.
According to a 2019 report by The Washington Post, Elon Musk travels about 250,000 km per year by plane. This is more than six times the circumference of the Earth.
Gulfstream G650ER | Gulfstream
He currently owns four private jets: a $70 million Gulfstream G650ER, two $61.5 million Gulfstream G550s and a $26 million Dassault Falcon 900B.
The teenager who tracks all of Musk’s flights and tweets his whereabouts, Jack Sweeney, recently turned down $5,000 from Elon Musk, who asked him to stop tweeting. The teenager, however, said he would consider closing his account in exchange for a Tesla Model 3.
The exact size of the future airport is unknown, although sources say the concept plans have been confirmed.
So far none of this has been confirmed by Elon Musk. | <urn:uuid:88c219cb-2a1b-4e3d-bdc1-10cc0c7b3844> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://geeky.news/elon-musk-is-considering-building-his-own-airport/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.963032 | 319 | 1.734375 | 2 |
It’s said all the time: “You can’t take it with you.”
But for too many urban families, nobody is getting it.
In many low-income areas, people haven’t accumulated the assets and wealth that enable them to get ahead. But they often miss one answer that’s right under their roof — the value of homes that have been passed informally from relative to relative.
When people die, their heirs can’t make a legal claim to such property for lack of clear title. Many families hesitate to enter probate proceedings, either not understanding the process or fearing the cost. So they often continue living in a house that they can’t legally sell for the profit — or get a loan for repairs. That leads to abandoned properties.
Legal Aid of Western Missouri’s Urban Core Estate Planning Project is a pilot program that’s about to be expanded. Legal Aid conservatively estimates that the average urban core house in Kansas City is worth $20,000 and that 60 percent of senior homeowners have no means of transferring title upon their death. That puts more than $340 million in wealth at risk of being lost.
The work is done pro bono and usually involves a beneficiary deed, which allows an owner to retain all rights but designates whom the owner wishes to leave the property to upon his or her death. Legal Aid plans to help with 200 to 300 such cases annually.
Leaders in the Ivanhoe neighborhood, which straddles Bruce Watkins Drive south of 35th Street, began to realize the scope of the problem several years ago after receiving city funds to help residents with home repairs. Many people didn’t qualify because they couldn’t prove they owned their homes.
“This happens far too often in low-income areas and in neighborhoods with lower education levels,” said Margaret May, executive director of the Ivanhoe Neighborhood Council. “Homes end up in never-never land, and then the state ends up with it.”
Ida Dockery was aware of the issue, recalling an Arkansas jury trial that her father once participated in where a family lost an inheritance because clear titles were lacking. So Dockery and her husband completed their beneficiary deed with the help of Legal Aid this summer. They have lived in their Euclid Avenue home since 1960, raising two children there.
“It sets an example for the family, giving them things to think about,” Dockery said. “There are some things you should plan on in your life.” | <urn:uuid:9ac3a3d4-d79d-4c75-8e76-11027a2094e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.kansascity.com/opinion/opn-columns-blogs/mary-sanchez/article330703/Home-is-where-the-wealth-is.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00493-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971858 | 532 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Enterprises can be classified according to many characteristics (Table 1.1.).
General classification of enterprises
Type of enterprise
By form of ownership
By organizational and legal-
Business companies, economic partnerships, production cooperatives, unitary enterprises
By industry affiliation
Industrial, transport, trade, communication enterprises, agricultural
Large, medium and small
Specialized, diversified, combined
By purpose of finished products
Enterprises producing capital goods, consumer goods
By type of activity
Manufacturing, trade, financial organizations (banks, insurance tax companies) and consulting and audit companies
A state-owned enterprise is one whose property belongs to the state. It can be created from budget allocations, contributions from other state enterprises or other sources. A distinction is made between state-owned enterprises that are in republican ownership and utility enterprises.
The property of the former is managed by the Ministry of Economy of the Republic of Belarus. Utilities are the property of administrative-territorial units.
State-owned enterprises have the following advantages over privately owned enterprises: significant financial opportunities for expanding and improving production at the expense of the budget; high credit rating, which facilitates the possibility of obtaining loans; the use of highly qualified specialists in various areas of management, which only a large owner can afford.
The noted advantages of state-owned enterprises allow them to function effectively in countries with developed market economies and successfully compete with private enterprises.
A private enterprise is an enterprise owned by an individual or members of his family, as well as a non-state legal entity. A distinction is made between sole and family private enterprises. Unlike sole proprietorships, family businesses are based on the common property of all family members. A non-state private enterprise may also be owned simultaneously by several persons on the basis of shared or collective ownership. Such enterprises include business companies, economic partnerships and production cooperatives.
The market economy, based on a variety of forms of ownership, involves the functioning of enterprises of various organizational and legal forms.
The organizational and legal form of the enterprise is determined by many features:
a) the procedure for the formation of the authorized fund;
b) the degree of responsibility for the obligations of the enterprise and others.
In accordance with the Civil Code, the following organizational and legal forms of commercial enterprises may be established in the Republic of Belarus: economic partnerships and societies, production cooperatives, unitary enterprises.
Business partnerships are a form of entrepreneurial activity in which the property of the enterprise is formed at the expense of the contributions of several citizens and (or) legal entities that are united for joint activities on the basis of an agreement between them. A distinctive feature of business partnerships from other forms is that one or more participants bear unlimited joint and several property liability for the obligations of the partnership.
Depending on the degree of responsibility of individual participants, full and limited partnerships are distinguished.
The members of the general partnership, in accordance with the contract concluded between them, are engaged in entrepreneurial activities and are liable for its obligations with the property belonging to them, i.e. unlimited liability applies to the participants of the general partnership.
A member of a general partnership who is not its founder shall be liable on an equal footing with other members for obligations incurred prior to his or her entry into the partnership.
A member who has withdrawn from the partnership shall be liable for the obligations of the partnership arising prior to its departure, on an equal footing with the remaining members within two years from the date of approval of the report on the activities of the partnership for the year in which he left the partnership.
A limited partnership is a partnership in which, along with the participants who carry out business activities on behalf of the partnership and are responsible for the obligations of the partnership with their property, there are participants-investors (commandites) who bear the risk of losses within the limits of their contributions and do not take part in the implementation of business activities by the partnership.
A business entity is a legal entity established by agreement by legal entities and (or) citizens by combining their property for the purpose of carrying out economic activities. A distinctive feature of this organizational and legal form is the limited liability of all its participants (shareholders) for the obligations of the company.
There are the following types of business companies: limited liability, with additional liability, joint-stock. A limited liability company can be established by one or more persons, the authorized capital of which is divided into shares of the amounts determined by the constituent documents.
Participants of a limited liability company bear the risk of losses associated with the company’s activities within the value of their contributions.
The peculiarity of the company with additional responsibility is that its participants bear subsidiary responsibility for the obligations of the company in the same multiple for all to the value of their contributions.
A joint-stock company is a company whose authorized capital is divided into a certain number of shares. The company’s participants are not liable for its obligations and bear the risk of losses associated with the company’s activities within the value of their shares.
A joint-stock company whose members can freely sell their shares without the consent of other shareholders is recognized as an open joint-stock company. Such a company has the right to conduct an open subscription to the shares issued by them and their free sale under the conditions established by law.
A joint-stock company whose shares are distributed only among its founders or other predetermined circle of persons is recognized as a closed joint-stock company. Such a company is not entitled to conduct an open subscription to the shares issued by it.
Features of the functioning of joint-stock companies are as follows:
they use an effective way to mobilize financial resources; dispersion of risk, because each shareholder risks losing only the money that he spent on the acquisition of shares; participation of shareholders in the management of the company; the right of shareholders to receive income (dividend); additional opportunities to stimulate staff.
Production cooperatives are a voluntary association of citizens on the basis of membership for joint production or other economic activities based on their personal labor or other participation and the association by its members (participants) of property share contributions. Members of a production cooperative bear subsidiary liability for its obligations.
The profits of the cooperative are distributed among its members in accordance with their labor participation. In the same manner, the property remaining after the liquidation of the cooperative and the satisfaction of the claims of its creditors are distributed. A distinctive feature of production cooperatives from economic partnerships is that they do not allow the participation of legal entities. Otherwise, the mechanism of functioning of cooperative enterprises is the same as that of economic partnerships.
A unitary enterprise is a commercial organization that does not have the right of ownership of the property assigned to the enterprise. The property of a unitary enterprise is not divisible and cannot be distributed by deposits (shares, shares), including among the employees of the enterprise.
In the form of unitary enterprises, state (republican or communal) or private enterprises can be established.
The property of a unitary enterprise is in state or private ownership.
Unitary enterprises are divided into two categories:
unitary enterprises based on the right of economic management; unitary enterprises based on the right of operational management.
The right of economic management is the right of an enterprise to own, use and dispose of the property of the owner within the limits established by law or other legal acts. The right of operational management is the right of an enterprise to own, use and dispose of the property of the owner assigned to it within the limits established by law, in accordance with the objectives of its activities, the tasks of the owner and the purpose of the property. A unitary enterprise based on the right of operational management is called a state-owned enterprise. Created by the decision of the Government of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Belarus bears subsidiary responsibility for the obligations of a state-owned enterprise in case of insufficiency of its property.
The right of economic management is broader than the right of operational management, i.e. an enterprise operating on the basis of the right of economic management has greater independence in management.
Foreign investors have the right to create commercial organizations in the territory of the Republic of Belarus in any organizational and legal forms.
Enterprises in the authorized capital of which foreign investments amount to an equivalent amount, not less than 20,000 US dollars and which, as the main goal of the activity, pursue the extraction of profit (income), are called commercial organizations with foreign investments. Such enterprises may be established in the form of business companies or private foreign unitary enterprises.
All commercial organizations with foreign investments are divided into commercial joint or commercial foreign organizations.
A commercial joint organization is an enterprise whose authorized capital consists of the share of a foreign investor and a share of individuals and (or) legal entities of the Republic of Belarus.
A commercial foreign organization is an enterprise in the authorized capital of which foreign investments account for 100%.
The activities of commercial organizations with foreign investments in the territories of the Republic of Belarus are regulated by the Investment Code of the Republic of Belarus.
In accordance with this code, foreign investors are provided with a number of benefits and guarantees. In particular, benefits for tax and customs payments, guarantees for the transfer abroad of profits due to a foreign investor, a favorable legal regime for investment activities, etc.
The main principles of creating commercial joint organizations are:
pooling of capital belonging to persons or enterprises of different states; joint management of the enterprise through the division of management functions between partners; joint bearing of risks; joint participation in profits.
The property of the enterprise, the products produced and profits are the common property of the partners and are distributed among them in accordance with their contributions to the authorized capital.
Commercial joint ventures operate both on the principles of economic calculation and take into account in their activities other principles conditioned by joint entrepreneurship. These are the principles of mutual benefit and balance of interests, currency self-sufficiency.
The creation of joint ventures in the territory of the Republic of Belarus is aimed at attracting modern technologies and equipment to the national economy, increasing the competitiveness of products and developing the country’s export potential.
A commercial organization with foreign investments can be created by its establishment or as a result of the acquisition by a foreign investor of a share (shares) in another enterprise or the acquisition of an enterprise as a property complex in whole or in part.
The procedure for the formation of the authorized fund announced in the constituent documents depends on the organizational and legal form of a commercial organization with foreign investments. So, for an LLC, ALC, CJSC or a private foreign unitary enterprise, it must be formed not less than 50 percent during the first year from the date of state registration of this organization by each of the founders not making 50 percent of its share in it and in full – until the expiration of two years from the date of registration. For OJSC, the authorized fund must be formed in full before the state registration of such an organization.
The founders (participants) of a commercial organization with foreign investments have the right to contribute to the authorized capital of this organization in monetary and (or) non-monetary form.
The advantages and disadvantages of the various organizational and legal forms of enterprises are presented in Table 1.2.
Table 1.2 Resource requirements by component
Comparative characteristics of organizational and legal
forms of enterprises
Types of organization-
|High degree of responsibility for obligations. Independence, freedom and operativeness|
The speed of actions in decision-making. Possibility of privilege-
Lie down the capital of the foreign world
early investors. Simple structure and management system.
|The instability of functioning is due to the fact that when one of the participants leaves, the activity of society, as a rule, ceases. Lack of profession of on-line management ta. Unattractiveness of full property liability|
Limited and Additional Liability Companies
|Independence, freedom, and operative-|
Niy. Possibility of privilege-
to invest additional capital of other investors. Low production costs
Stability and stability. Limited availability of external sources of financing. Lack of specialized management
Continuation of Table. 1.2
Joint Stock Companies
|The ability to attract non–|
limited number of financial resources for the implementation of any technology-
The most stable for-
Ma of capital pooling. Irrevocability of shares
maintains its own
Of the capital that is provided
bakes the vitality and dynamism of joint-stock companies. Risk awareness
Vulnerability of conditional money-
This amount makes an action-
The whole society has attracted-
The first form of capital investment.
|Discrepancy between the interests of the managers of the joint-stock company and the shareholders. The complexity of the control of shareholders over the activities of managers in the division of share capital. Dual taxation system.|
LLC, ALC, JSC, UP with the participation of foreign capital
|Reducing the risk of undertaking|
activity. Combine resources that have less value individually than together. Acceleration of penetration into foreign markets. Sharing of expenditures on scientific developments. Improving access to modern technology and technology. Study of new management methods. Improving the qualification-
8.Diversification of technologies
9.Benefits for tax and customs payments.
the simplicity of decision-making. Divergence among partners on the development strategy of the JV. Double taxation. | <urn:uuid:4083ecb7-f3d6-4828-8596-6dbc46697353> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://economy-web.org/?p=398&lang=en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571911.5/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813081639-20220813111639-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.950947 | 2,840 | 3.15625 | 3 |
- When Safe to Get Pregnant
- When Best to Get Pregnant
- Contraceptive Use and Family Planning
- Considerations for Next Pregnancy
What is a miscarriage?
Doctors and health organizations offer a wide variety of recommendations about when it’s best to get pregnant after a miscarriage. Typical answers can range anywhere from three to twelve months to whenever you feel ready to try again.
A miscarriage is broadly defined as any spontaneous loss of a pregnancy. It can be more strictly defined as a loss that happens within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy.
An estimated 23 million miscarriages occur per year worldwide — though this is likely an underestimate. This means that approximately 15.3% of all recognized pregnancies are at risk of ending in a miscarriage.
Certain risk factors make it more likely that you’ll have a miscarriage. Examples include:
- Being younger than 20 and older than 35
- Sperm contributed by a man 40 years or older
- Having a body mass index (BMI) that is either too low or too high
- Previous miscarriages
- Alcohol use
- Frequent stress
- Certain chemical exposures, including pesticides
A single miscarriage isn’t necessarily a reason for extensive medical tests to determine the underlying cause. But you should consult your doctor if you have had two or more miscarriages or have been diagnosed with an illness or condition that makes it hard for people to get pregnant in the first place — like diabetes.
When is it physically safe to get pregnant again after a miscarriage?
The amount of time before it’s physically safe for you to get pregnant again depends on the nature of your previous miscarriage or miscarriages.
You want to be sure that your uterus has recovered and your endometrial lining has had time to strengthen. Otherwise, you risk repeating the miscarriage. But — since some studies show highly successful pregnancy rates within the first three months after miscarriage — this process can happen relatively quickly.
Sometimes — particularly in the case of multiple miscarriages or if your doctor suspects an underlying medical cause — you’ll need to undergo a variety of tests to figure out why your miscarriage happened. You should wait until all tests are completed before resuming any attempts to become pregnant.
There may also be physical complications that follow a miscarriage, including bleeding and infection. You need to resolve these issues to confirm that it’s safe to become pregnant again.
Your period may also take some time to return to normal. In general, barring any other complicating factors, it’s considered medically safe to become pregnant after three or more normal menstrual cycles after your miscarriage.
When is it best to get pregnant again after a miscarriage?
Even if it’s physically safe for you to get pregnant again relatively soon, only you and any partners will know when the time is right to try again.
People can have very different emotional responses to miscarriages. Some women report reactions of extreme distress and feelings of loss. In contrast, others seem to feel only mild irritation at the complications and are eager to keep trying. You need to be honest with yourself and understand how you feel after your miscarriage.
Possible psychological effects that are associated with miscarriage include increased risks of:
You need to address all of the psychological concerns that your miscarriage caused before it’s healthy for you to move on to your next pregnancy.
On a positive note, around 85% of people who have experienced one miscarriage end up having a successful pregnancy from their next attempt. This is also true for 75% of women who have had two or three previous miscarriages.
Contraceptive use and family planning after a miscarriage
Multiple studies have shown that everyone who experiences a miscarriage can benefit from discussions about family planning regardless of whether or not their previous pregnancy was planned.
For example, in one clinical trial with 244 participants, researchers found that it wasn’t infrequent for a miscarriage to cause people to change their pregnancy intentions. Some women decided to begin taking contraceptives even when their original pregnancy was planned. Other women with unplanned pregnancies decided that they now wanted to try again.
Overall, this study found that women whose original pregnancies weren’t planned were twice as likely to begin taking contraceptives. But all women can benefit from understanding their options.
Considerations for handling your next pregnancy
After experiencing their first miscarriage, some people may want to change their strategy for preparing for their subsequent pregnancy. Changes that you may find helpful include:
- Having both yourself and your medical provider carefully monitor this next pregnancy
- Managing when and with whom you share the news of your next pregnancy — some people even choose to delay their baby showers until after the birth
- Preparing to handle feelings of loss along with the feelings of joy for this new baby — you may experience feelings of grief even after the new baby is born
- Understanding and trying to manage possible feelings of over-protectiveness and even panic over the health and wellness of your next baby
- Recognizing that a complicated emotional response is normal
You may also find comfort in a support group or from talking to a counselor. Your medical provider can help recommend services like these.
Health Solutions From Our Sponsors
American Pregnancy Association: "Pregnancy After Miscarriage."
Contraception: "Pregnancy intentions and contraceptive uptake after miscarriage."
Lancet: "Miscarriage matters: the epidemiological, physical, psychological, and economic costs of early pregnancy loss."
Obstetrics and Gynecology: "Family Planning and Counseling Desires of Women Who Have Experienced Miscarriage," "Interpregnancy Interval After Pregnancy Loss and Risk of Repeat Miscarriage," "Trying to Conceive After An Early Pregnancy Loss." | <urn:uuid:fab62523-5751-44cd-acc0-9782c8491035> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.rxlist.com/is_it_easier_to_get_pregnant_after_miscarriage/article.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572161.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815054743-20220815084743-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.950795 | 1,192 | 2.703125 | 3 |
Tadcaster is situated just off the main A1 south to north road and is an ideal base for exploring York, Leeds, Harrogate and surrounding areas in Yorkshire. It is situated on the River Wharfe with many interesting historic features.
Tadcaster Riverside Walk conducts visitors around the town and gives an interesting insight into the town’s past. Leaflets on the Trail are available from The Ark and the Library and include details of historic buildings along the Walk.
There are many other good riverside and area walks. With two free car parks (Central Car Park and Britannia Car Park) it is an ideal base for walking. There is a good choice of tea shops, cafes and pubs for a refreshing drink after your walk. Tadcaster’s Walkers are Welcome Group have created a series of walks around the area. You can find maps for the walks at the Bus Station or you can collect paper copies from The Ark. | <urn:uuid:325a991d-4786-4b27-9968-38091cfe3e48> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.tadcastertowncouncil.gov.uk/Tourist_Information_21908.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570692.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807181008-20220807211008-00677.warc.gz | en | 0.957921 | 193 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Evaluate Smart Mirrors with ngrok
If you want to quickly evaluate Smart Mirroring in Bitbucket Cloud and don't want to go through the hassle of getting a valid SSL certificate follow these simple steps below to set up a mirror with ngrok. Get up and running in less than 10 minutes.
- To set up Smart Mirroring for Bitbucket Cloud, using a valid SSL certificate, see Set up Bitbucket Smart Mirroring.
- If you want to mirror a Bitbucket Server instance, see Smart Mirroring instead.
What you'll do:
- Install a Smart Mirror on your local machine.
- Use ngrok to forward HTTPS requests to your local mirror (mirrors only work with HTTPS for security reasons).
- Clone from your local mirror instead of Bitbucket Cloud.
Use ngrok for evaluation purposes only
- We recommend using ngrok for evaluation purposes only.
- ngrok will only work with HTTPS and not SSH.
- A locally set up mirror on your own server will be faster than using ngrok even when specifying a region. The main purpose of this guide is to show how quickly you can spin up your own mirror and evaluate it using ngrok. This guide should help you to decide whether a mirror is the right investment to accelerate your global team.
Install Bitbucket Server on your local machine
- Download the latest version of the Bitbucket installer from www.atlassian.com/software/bitbucket/download.
- Run the installer, making sure to select Install a new instance and then Install a mirror instance.
Stick to the default values for the rest of the installation process
Remember your Bitbucket Home directory (where all your mirror specific data is stored) and Destination Directory.
Let's assume we've set our Bitbucket Home directory and Destination Directory to the following:
Install and start ngrok
Download and install ngrok, which is a super handy tool to expose our localhost to the Internet and Bitbucket Cloud. We'll use ngrok to forward all HTTPS requests to our locally installed mirror instance. ngrok is available for free for all major operating systems.
Once you've installed ngrok on your local machine simply run the following command in your terminal:
This command will start ngrok and tunnel HTTPS requests on port 7990 (which is the standard port used by Smart Mirrors) to our localhost. You should see a line similar to this:
We'll soon use the funky
https://xxxxxx.ngrok.io URL to set up our Bitbucket Smart Mirror, so make sure you copy that URL and keep ngrok running during your entire evaluation.
Set up and start your Smart Mirror
Now that you've successfully installed your mirror locally and started running ngrok you're ready to set up your mirror.
First, you have to open your server.xml which is located in your BITBUCKET_HOME directory under /shared/server.xml, in our case:
Find Connector port="7990" and add the following lines to the connector block, so it will look similar to this:
Next, start your Mirror by running
start-bitbucket.sh from your DEST_DIRECTORY, in our case:
Remember the funky ngrok address (it has the pattern
)? Now that your mirror has been started you need to visit that in your browser to start the set up process.
You should now be able to see that your mirror is starting up. As soon as the mirror is ready you can choose a name for your mirror (this is the name that you and your team mates will see in Bitbucket Cloud later) and select Bitbucket Cloud as the primary server location:
Next, pick the account you want to connect your mirror to and mirror from and grant access:
Finally, just select the individual projects you'd like to mirror, or mirror all the projects in your account.
Use your mirror to clone, fetch and pull
As soon as the mirror is done syncing all your projects and the repos included in those projects, you can head to any mirrored repo and start cloning form your own mirror! Just click Clone in the sidebar and select the mirror from the clone dialog:
Alternatively, you can get the clone URL from the top of the repo overview page:
To learn how to use a mirror in your day to day work, see Work with Bitbucket Smart Mirroring.
Start ngrok with a different region to evaluate speed improvements
The cool thing about ngrok is that you can tell it to use a specific region that is closer to you to evaluate how much faster a "local" mirror will be. If you are, for example, located in Germany you can use ngrok's European region by starting ngrok with the following command:
To see all regions that ngrok supports check our their docs.
Watch how easy it is to evaluate a mirror with ngrok
Was this helpful?
Thanks for your feedback! | <urn:uuid:a178e110-4fcb-4997-a29a-14d88cf847bd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://confluence.atlassian.com/bitbucket/evaluate-smart-mirrors-with-ngrok-856692318.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.88383 | 1,059 | 1.570313 | 2 |
It’s not hard to imagine to anyone that Google has made its priority very clear: they want people to see trustworthy websites with good, organic content. And while this is difficult for many firms, it’s also an exciting time. New challenges bring exciting opportunities. Now is the best time to be more proactive when it comes to SEO. With over 350 million blogs and billions of active at any given moment it’s a challenge to be found online today. There are many ways to optimize your WordPress website to rank higher in search engines and drive traffic back to your site. The most important thing is to know where to start and what options you have. In this article, we’ll cover every aspect of search engine optimization, from keyword analysis and link building to user experience and semantic markup. This article will give the complete picture of how you can use SEO most effective practices on your site in Washington DC.
What is WordPress SEO?
SEO refers to “search engine optimization,” and it refers to the best practices used to optimize your website and content to be indexed by search engines like Google. The goal is for your site’s content to rank in search engine results as high as possible and appear next to relevant ads on search engine result pages (SERPs). The majority of people use the words “content marketing” and “SEO” in conjunction. Yet “content marketing” is the term used for marketing your product or service by using material, which can include blog posts and videos.
The importance of User Experience (UX)
We’ve briefly discussed this yet it’s important enough that it deserves its section. Your visitors — the people who click articles and navigate your site — are certainly not Google indexers. They’re not even thinking about the quality of your site optimized for Google They’re thinking about the ease of which they get the information they need and how easy it will be to get there. When you optimize your site for Google and create the best experience for the people that visit your site. If you make your website optimized for humans and create an experience that is best for your users –– those who will browse your content and use your website.
Content Strategy and Keyword Research
Content on the web is among the most important factors for SEO success. Content is the things that people are clicking and reading. It should also be the focus of your SEO strategy from the get-go. This is why keyword research is one of the first stages of all SEO campaign. When choosing keywords for your campaign, it’s vital to be focused and strategic. It isn’t a good idea to select random keywords, and then expect them to generate organic traffic. Instead, select the appropriate keywords that your potential audience and readers are searching for. To do this you’ll have to enter the minds of your readers and look at the problem they trying to resolve? What is it that they are grappling with? What do they hope to find on the internet? Once you’ve identified some topics that your readers would like to know more about, begin researching the keywords used to find relevant content to these topics. You can also determine how competitive those keywords are.
WordPress SEO Tools
After you’ve optimized the contents for your visitors and readers, it’s time to start planning for the search engines. There are numerous plugins on the market for WordPress which will allow you to improve your SEO overall. Yoast’s SEO is one plugin that can help you. It assists you with all of the basics. By using this plugin, you can boost the search engine optimization of your site by creating meta descriptions, keyword optimization and much more. This plugin is cost-free and simple to install. Another awesome plugin is All in one SEO. It is a plugin that has everything Yoast provides and more! We love SEO Framework. It’s extremely light. Be cautious, it might not work with all WordPress setups. You can get everything from content management to analytics to assess what’s working well and what needs improvement.
The most effective (and most efficient) SEO strategy is to create content that is a hit with your readers and will help your readers solve their challenges. For this, you’ll need to look back and contemplate the type of content that can benefit your users, rather than what keywords you’d like to be ranked for. This will place you in better position to rank for those keywords in the future. It will also improve the lives of your visitors. | <urn:uuid:88b66ffc-1fa2-49ba-af05-4aff2fd4c635> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sgsolutionsllc.com/the-complete-seo-guide-for-washington-dc-wordpress-users/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.934577 | 941 | 1.632813 | 2 |
The Deloitte Consumer Review has found the number of consumers with a smartphone has increased to 72pc, compared to 58pc just ten months ago.
Ian Geddes, the head of retail at accountancy firm Deloitte, said mobile was moving from a "project run by the IT department to a strategic priority in the boardroom".
Increasing numbers of British retailers are focused on developing new applications for tablets and smartphones such as the Apple iPhone while new mobile payment technology, which allows customers to use their phones to pay for goods online or via contactless technology in stores, is also driving change in the retail industry.
Retailers such as Argos are introducing wi-fi into their stores, to encourage shoppers to use their mobile devices to compare prices and order products.
The rise of mobile technology poses a new threat to the high street. However, Deloitte said that smartphones are emerging as a new "shop assistant", with 57pc of shoppers using their devices to check the availability of products, and 50pc using the device to buy products.
The increased use of mobile devices for shopping is likely to accelerate, with 48pc of 16 to 24 year olds choosing to shop via Apps, compared to just 14pc between the ages of 45 and 64.
Mr Geddes added: "The exponential rise in UK consumer's reliance on smart phones means mobile must become a priority for retailers.
"Customer experience, brand loyalty and ultimately sales will all increasingly stem from the mobile channel.
"This is the year that mobile moves from a project run by the IT department to a strategic priority in the boardroom."
The Deloitte survey, which was conducted with 1,000 UK adults, also found that one third of shoppers had already used an online wallet and 12pc use contactless technology to pay for items.
Ben Perkins, head of consumer business research at Deloitte, said: "There is no doubt that mobile is rapidly redefining the way consumers and brands interact even more than the internet did.
"Consumers are expecting convenience, simplicity and security in exchange for their loyalty. It is only by embracing mobile's full potential with the right strategy that a consumer facing business can compete in a mobile-centric world." | <urn:uuid:1608bdd4-7a90-46d9-84af-88a5fcb8e85b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/mediatechnologyandtelecoms/10137729/Smartphone-revolution-could-upstage-internet.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00484-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958888 | 457 | 1.539063 | 2 |
People without dementia may show signs of the disease decades before symptoms appear on brain scans if both of their parents have Alzheimer’s, according to a new study at the New York University School of Medicine.
The study split participants into four groups: those with a mother with Alzheimer’s, a father, both parents, and no family history of the disease. Results showed people with both parents who had Alzheimer’s had more abnormalities in brain volume, metabolism, and had five to ten percent increased brain plaques compared to the other three groups.
There might be genes that predispose people to develop brain Alzheimer’s pathology. “We do not yet know which genes, if any, are responsible for these early changes, and we hope that our study will be helpful to future investigations,” study author Lisa Mosconi, PhD, was quoted as saying. | <urn:uuid:8a5a319c-5651-4185-bc15-7cbc41b5369b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mysuncoast.com/health/news/two-parents-with-alzheimer-s/article_5d0b33ce-95cf-11e3-85b5-0017a43b2370.html?mode=image&photo=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00486-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964642 | 178 | 2.859375 | 3 |
WaterAid Press Release For immediate release – 14 April 2015 Developing world cities can learn lessons from the legacy of Lee Kuan Yew in Singapore when it comes to modernising slums with safe water and proper sanitation, new WaterAid analysis has found. Strong political leadership, public infrastructure, planning and monitoring, as demonstrated in South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore, can transform cities with universal or near-universal access to safe water and sewerage systems in just a few decades, contributing to dramatically improved public health and levels of wealth. These findings are all the more significant as the United Nations works toward a new set of Sustainable Development Goals this year. WaterAid is campaigning for an ambitious goal on water and sanitation as well as inclusion of water and sanitation in targets for health, education and gender rights, as part of a campaign to deliver safe water and basic sanitation to everyone, everywhere by 2030. In all four country case studies, fundamentals included the role of leaders in breaking down technocratic barriers to include sanitation in health, education and housing planning, and in forging a new national identity though campaigns like “Keep Singapore Clean”. Sanitation was seen as a foundation for national development. A whole-government approach and high-level responsibility for planning, implementation, monitoring and promotion can help overcome the great challenges posed by poverty. The findings suggest there is no threshold for national income to begin work on universal access to sanitation. For instance, in the 1960s, South Korea’s per-capita GDP was lower than that of many countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. By 1990, when UNICEF and the World Health Organization began their international water supply and sanitation monitoring programme, all four nations had achieved near-universal access and become wealthier societies with strong economies. Tim Brewer, co-author of the report and WaterAid policy analyst on monitoring and accountability, said: "East Asia’s successes in delivering sanitation and water challenge current approaches in other parts of the developing world. Providing access to these basic services requires them to be included in housing, education and community health at every stage of development. They are essential to workforce productivity and general well-being, and they cannot and should not be left as afterthoughts. "If we are to eradicate poverty in the next 15 years, as the United Nations finalises the new Sustainable Development Goals, access to safe water and basic sanitation must remain a priority for developing and donor nations. They are key to modernisation and the basic foundation for all development.” At least 748 million people in the world do not have access to clean drinking water and 2.5 billion do not have access to basic sanitation; of these, 1 billion still practise open defecation. It is estimated that nearly half of Sub-Saharan Africa’s hospital beds at any one time are taken up by people with preventable illnesses linked to a lack of safe water, basic sanitation and good hygiene. Under the current UN Millennium Development Goals, which expire later this year, a goal to halve the proportion of people without sanitation is among the most off-track. To read the report, please follow this link. For more information or to arrange an interview please contact Carolynne Wheeler, News Manager, on [email protected] or +44 (0) 207 793 4485, or Fiona Callister, Media Relations Lead, on [email protected] or +44 (0) 207 793 5022 or [email protected] or after-hours line +44 (0) 7887 521 552. Notes to Editors WaterAid’s Tim Brewer will chair a lunchtime panel, ‘What does it take to reach universal access to sanitation,’ at the World Water Forum in Korea on Thursday 16 April. For more details, please contact the press office above. The report, funded by the HSBC Water Programme, is introduced by Naina Lal Kidwai, Chairman India & Director HSBC Asia Pacific. Launched in 2012 and backed by an investment of US$ 100m over five years, the HSBC Water Programme is a partnership with three NGOs – Earthwatch, WaterAid and WWF. The programme also funds local projects proposed by HSBC employees. WaterAid’s vision is of a world where everyone has access to safe water and sanitation. The international organisation works in 26 countries across Africa, Asia, Central America and the Pacific Region to transform lives by improving access to safe water, hygiene and sanitation in some of the world’s poorest communities. Since 1981, WaterAid has reached 19.2 million people with safe water and, since 2004, 15.1 million people with sanitation. For more information, visit www.wateraid.org, follow @WaterAidUK on Twitter or visit us on Facebook at www.facebook.com/wateraid. Nearly 1,400 children die every day from diseases caused by dirty water and poor sanitation. 748 million people are without safe water, or one in 10 in the world. 2.5 billion people are without adequate sanitation, or 39% of the world's population. | <urn:uuid:815b6b9e-6a75-4347-b9b3-f3b69671b44a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.wateraid.org/audience/media/pressreleases/singapore-legacy-in-sanitation-provides-lessons-for-developing-world | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00497-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932108 | 1,040 | 2.53125 | 3 |
Come winter, everyone worries about putting on weight. But not the bellbirds on Tiritiri Matangi Island - they're stealing sugar water meant for a rarer counterpart and are packing on the beef.
The cheeky green birds, also known as korimako, have ballooned in size over the past few years. Researchers and Department of Conservation staff have blamed it on the birds' thieving ways - they are taking sugar-treated water meant for the stitchbird, or hihi.
A Massey University scientist, associate professor Dianne Brunton, said masters student Shauna Baillie discovered the phenomenon last year. While researching bellbirds on the island she noted they were the biggest in the country.
"Apart from them being plump, the bellbirds are doing well," said Brunton. "They're feisty little things and they're extremely determined to get to the water." A recent project to move bellbirds to sites on the Hauraki Gulf and the Waikato had made the birds' weight very noticeable, Brunton said.
Warkworth DoC biodiversity manager Rory Renwick said there was no easy solution.
"People have put thought to it but no one's come up with anything. Basically the feeders are there to provide food for the hihi. We've tried to exclude the bellbird but there's not much difference in size to the hihi.
"The hihi are still able to get what they want - we just have to provide extra for the bellbirds. It just makes lots of extra work for us." Renwick said greedy bellbirds on Kapiti Island near Wellington were a problem for DoC staff as staff had to lug extra feed around the island to keep up with consumption.
"On Kapiti Island they have to carry hundreds of litres of water up the hill by hand."
Renwick said, as a rough estimate, most of the feed meant for the hihi on Kapiti Island was being eaten by bellbirds and roughly half was being eaten by the bellbirds on Tiritiri Matangi.
"Even though the bellbirds are taking the food, the hihi are breeding well." | <urn:uuid:972dacd3-aa96-4eba-a3b4-5c5959587e5d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=10664389 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719286.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00499-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979432 | 451 | 2.390625 | 2 |
[Note: Haveil Havalim is here at My Shrapnel!]
I know rabbis who complain about chatter in shul and comment that Christians know how to conduct themselves in church. They say, “Imagine if someone who was not Jewish would come to shul – wouldn’t you be embarrassed?” A popular theory explains the allegedly contrasting experiences, arguing that Jews feel a greater sense of at-homeness in shul because they are (theoretically) present for twice-daily davening, where churchgoers are only present on a weekly basis.
I’ve always felt the claim of “Churchgoers are more decorous” was weak, along the lines of asking, “Why can’t you be more like the neighbors’ kids?” when we all know the neighbors’ kids behave ten times worse than we do. Now, Time Magazine offers proof, reporting on preachers who not only tolerate, but actually promote, Twittering during services and speeches. (CNN coverage here.)
The argument in favor of tweeting promotes this as a way of building community during worship, as well as a way of showing that the church is in sync with the modern world.
I hear these arguments, but it's not for me. Obviously, it wouldn't be acceptable on Shabbat, but even during the week I wouldn't go for it, not during davening and not during the speech.
We do promote minyan and communal worship in shul, but still, our worship is supposed to be private, personal.
During Psukei d’Zimra, we all say the same things, but we say them individually. [Note: This is not universally true, and wasn’t always the way it was done, but it is the way Ashkenazim have done it for centuries.] This is also one reason for our emphasis on having a silent Amidah.
One congregant of mine labelled it “parallel play,” a la the style of very young children who will play in the same room, with the same toys, but act as though they are alone in the world. I think she was right – that’s what we do. We want everyone to do it together, but we still do it personally. So having people communicate with each, even positively and even focussed on prayer, seems to me to defeat the purpose of our silence.
I wrote more on Silent Prayer here, but to quote one passage:
Silence is also an expression of spiritual depth… Consider Aharon’s silence at the death of Nadav and Avihu, and the praise heaped upon him for his articulate inexpression. Consider Chanah’s silent plea for a child… a servant of Gd, nobly stoic in her suffering. And, finally but most significantly, consider the contrast between Eliyahu’s thundering rage and the Divine קול דממה דקה with which Gd rebukes him, a sound so thin as to be nearly inaudible, and yet deep enough to contain the majesty of the Creator of All. This is a silence of presence, of pent-up power, of tzimtzum, of a Being who surely can thunder like Eliyahu but who chooses the containment of Chanah. To me, the silence of Shemoneh Esreih is an attempt to capture this noble state of expressive restraint.
Some time back I had a Shabbat guest in shul who conversed with his seatmate whenever I rose to speak. It was incredibly distracting for me, to the point that I actually went over to him privately and asked him to stop.
I hated to do it – both in terms of embarrassing him, and in terms of looking like I was concerned for my own honor. But it wasn’t about my own honor; it was about the fact that when I am addressing a room, even a big room with 150 people in it, I get distracted if I someone in my sightline is conversing, and once I am distracted I can’t speak intelligently. I get completely thrown off.
I imagine Twittering would have the same effect on my concentration.
So no Twittering during services, thanks. Let the churches have fun with it instead.
Your mileage may vary, of course. I attended a meeting at a Conservative temple last week, and saw a sign banning texting during services. Maybe they’ll read that article and post a new sign promoting it… | <urn:uuid:15eb55d0-065a-4336-afdd-918ea306dfb4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://rechovot.blogspot.com/2009/05/twittering-in-shul.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00016-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975048 | 950 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Small changes over time can lead to big results, the saying goes. A good example is the concerted effort of
IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Company began over two decades ago to become a more welcoming and inclusive environment for women and members outside of the United States. Since 2012, the company has increased the number of female members by more than 60 percent. And more papers are now submitted by authors from China, India and Italy than from North America.
“We tackled one diversity factor at a time,” says IEEE senior member
Ferdinanda Ponci, the company liaison IEEE Women in Engineering (WIE), a position created over 10 years ago to coordinate joint activities and programs.
Ponci says being a liaison with the WIE committee has been a key factor in his engagement in diversity, equity and inclusion activities.
“This amazing group is a constant motivation and my reality is that women’s participation, career advancement and DCI are very real life changing missions,” she says.
Ponci is one of the people involved in the company’s efforts. She is also a member in a personal capacity of the administrative committee of the society and treasurer of the conference.
“I think we have a really good performance across the board now,” Ponci says, although she adds that there is still more to do.
She is a professor and researcher in zone surveillance and distributed control with the
Institute for the Automation of Complex Electrical Systems at RWTH Aachen University, in Germany.
Ponci recently spoke with
The institute on how she and her colleagues have improved diversity within the Instrumentation and Measurement Society. She said this was done “intentionally, strategically and systematically” as President of the 2016-2017 company, Ruth dyer, Ponci and others recalled on the company’s AdCom. Dyer is currently the Director of Division II of the IEEE.
Over the past 20 years, the company has increased the number of women presenting and leading sessions at its conferences, workshops and seminars; hold managerial positions; and sit on the technical committees of the program.
The push came from advocates among company executives who were determined to increase representation, Ponci says.
In 1992, there was only one member of the company’s AdCom outside of the United States and Canada, and no women. This was the situation when Dyer’s husband,
Stephen A. Dyer, joined AdCom as editor-in-chief of IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement. The IEEE Life Fellow has started working to identify more women and individuals from other geographic areas to include as candidates on the AdCom ballot. A real discussion about diversity, equity and inclusion began then and continues, Ponci says.
Ruth Dyer was elected to AdCom in 1999 and served as first officer in 2007. A second woman was not elected to the committee until 2009. Between 2010 and 2021, the company numbered between six and nine female voting members, says Ponci. They include elected members, officers who are not currently elected, and appointed representatives. Some were recruited from the conference attendees.
From 2007, IEEE Fellow
Reza Zoughi, who would later be elected president of the company in 2014-2015, began appointing many of its current and former students to the appointed positions. He continues to be a strong advocate for diversity.
The company has had at least one woman nominated as its representative for undergraduates, graduates or young professionals almost every year since 2007, Ponci says.
This is important, she said, because the appointees have the right to vote.
Ruth Dyer coordinated the first informal networking session for women in 2006 at the company’s flagship event, the
IEEE International Conference on Instrumentation and Measurement Technologies. There was more participation of women as speakers and chairs of the program’s technical committees at this year’s conference, Ponci says. Since 2012, Women able events took place regularly as part of the program.
The company’s nominations and nominations committee ensured that experienced women were appointed to management positions. The idea was that officers in turn identify other talented women for committee appointments.
“It became normal, and we expected the committees to be more diverse,” says Ponci. “I think it was a big change emotionally and culturally.”
These efforts would not have been possible without the visible support of the leaders of the company, including the Dyers and Zoughi, as well as many other agents who have advocated for diversity and supported the networking events for women at the conferences of the company, Ponci said.
“They attended these events and encouraged other male and female AdCom members to attend to show their support for the company,” she says. “We need more male lawyers because without them it looks like a ‘woman thing’, and it isn’t.”
Women and individuals from various geographic regions who have technical expertise in instrumentation and measurement have been encouraged to publish their research articles in company publications and to serve as reviewers and associate editors.
iStockphoto / IEEE
IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine marked the contributions and achievements of female members of society and field experts in its June 2016 Special [left]. In his president’s message, Dyer wrote:
“I am always in awe of the strength and excellence that results when we embrace and encourage diversity. Time and time again, we find that the most robust solutions are achieved when a plethora of perspectives are researched and incorporated. As the disciplines of science and engineering continue to shift their attention and efforts towards greater inclusion, we know that our instrumentation and measurement society will continue to thrive and grow, as we are committed to fostering and to reap the benefits of an inclusive society.
In June, the company joined 21 other IEEE organizational units that made the IEEE WIE commitment [see below] working on ‘gender diverse panels at all IEEE meetings, conferences and events’.
To increase global representation in society, he turned his attention to IEEE regions 8, 9 and 10.
“We have deliberately launched the effort for geographic diversity,” says Ponci.
The company used the same strategy it had with women: getting more qualified people from other regions on the ballot and in personal membership positions; nudge them to become associate editors and article reviewers; and increase their representation on editorial boards. Researchers from Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America and the Middle East were encouraged to submit papers to the company’s publications.
Prior to 1997, there had only been one or two elected members of AdCom outside of the United States and Canada, Ponci says. From 1997 to 2009, however, at least one of the four representatives elected each year was from Region 8, 9 or 10. That number increased to three from 2010 to this year.
The first representative of region 9, senior member of the IEEE
Jorge F. Daher, became the president of the company in 2012. The company elected the second representative of Region 10 in 2010 and one every year since.
From 2017, IEEE Fellow
Shervin Shirmohammadi, editor-in-chief of IEEE transactions on instrumentation and measurement, lobbied for the inclusion of people from under-represented geographies among associate editors.
Region 10, which covers Asia and the Pacific region and is home to the largest community of instrumentation and measurement technologists, was targeted first. Most of the current members of the editorial board of the
Transactions come from the region.
“Being able to select the best from a large number of participants is more than we could have hoped for,” says Ponci.
HARVESTING THE BENEFITS
Ponci says efforts to improve geographic and gender diversity are paying off.
“We have been successful in attracting the most motivated and active individuals in all areas” of the company, she says. “The company’s activities have multiplied and improved.
Discussions with members are now a “mix of commonalities and differences,” she adds. “Of course, that requires that people really want to listen and not dismiss the point of view of others. This is something that diversity and inclusion really pushes. It forces you to stop and listen before you reject and before you judge. ”
From your Articles site
Related articles on the web | <urn:uuid:da3ad0cb-8d6b-49a4-a5c4-7234c0451f31> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://miniaturemulesociety.com/being-more-inclusive-pays-off-for-this-ieee-society/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.971782 | 1,763 | 1.570313 | 2 |
President's Day is normally reserved to celebrate the birthdays of George Washington and Abraham Lincoln. I don't think these great men will mind sharing the spotlight today with Thomas Jefferson, the father of Greek Revival architecture.
After the American Revolution and the War of 1812, the new United States of America wanted to distance itself from all things England including its architecture. Jefferson, a big fan of ancient Greek and Roman styles, appointed Benjamin Henry Latrobe as surveyor of public building to execute his vision. Latrobe interpreted these ancient styles often incorporating his own elements of decoration such as:
Latrobe's Second Bank of the United States is a fine example of Greek Revival architecture.Sympathizing with Greece's struggle for independence from the Ottoman empire, America fell in love with all things Greek. The appetite started with public buildings but spread to the homes--the temples--of America's wealthy merchants, quickly becoming called the "National Style."
Architectural pattern books such as Asher Benjamin's The Practical House Carpenter, then made the Greek Revival home available to everyday Americans, from farmhouses in Vermont and Upstate New York to coopers in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
All along the Eastern United States, you will find these homes in communities built in the first half of the 19th Century. This style dominated the landscape until the Civil war.
So, on this President's Day, we salute you, Mr. Jefferson, for this beautiful American invention. | <urn:uuid:e52672cf-a78f-44ef-a4b2-080a4ce750ab> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://anurbancottage.blogspot.com/2010/02/presidents-day-is-normally-reserved-to.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00274-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.932572 | 294 | 3.296875 | 3 |
There are lots of companies out there that do occasional confined space entry work. OSHA requirements for employee safety stay the same whether workers enter these potentially hazardous confined spaces once a year or one thousand times. We've heard from customers over the years that want a kit for confined space entry that won't break the bank or make them invest heavily in equipment. That's why we developed the Confined Space Entry Contractor's Kit.
This kit has all the required equipment for OSHA-compliant confined space entry. If you were performing these tasks every day, you might invest in a more robust kit. But for companies that perform only infrequent work in areas with impeded access or the potential to contain hazardous atmospheres, the items in this kit are going to work perfectly and at a great price.
The first item is a BW MAX XT II 4-Gas Monitor with an internal sample draw pump. It's one of our best sellers for confined space entry. The motorized internal pump allows a hose to be inserted or lowered into the potential work space so that air can be drawn and sampled before workers enter. This highly accurate monitor is quite simple to operate and has just two buttons. It's rated IP-65 for outstanding resistance to both water and dirt, so it can be used in rugged work environments without fear of having it short out on you.
The Protecta AB17530 harness is highly adjustable to fit a wide range of worker body types from Medium to X-Large in size. Is it the most comfortable harness we sell? No. But you're not going to be working in it all day, every day. It meets all relevant OSHA and ANSI fall safety standards and it will allow you to get in and get your work done. If there is a problem, this harness is suitable for employee extraction. A single dorsal D-ring on the back is the attachment point for the winch cable.
The kit comes with other vitally important components for working in confined spaces. The Allegro 8 in. Confined Space Blower comes with 25 ft. of ducting to bring clean air into the space and force out any bad air that may have accumulated. The 8 ft. aluminum Protecta AK105A tripod allows you to set up an anchorage point that meets OSHA standards, but more importantly will allow outside attendants to extricate an incapacitated worker. Once deployed, the tripod has a diameter of 86 in. between the legs.
Entering confined space is serious business. It's perhaps even more important for companies that don't do this work often to not only have the correct equipment, but also to understand why each piece is used. And while it may seem like the OSHA regulations have been put in place to make things more difficult, the reality is the standards were developed because of the specific hazards that have killed or harmed workers in the past.
If you have questions about how to deploy the devices in the Contractor's Confined Space Kit, please give us a call at 800-829-9580 or contact us online at pksafety.com. | <urn:uuid:2ae64fa5-03c8-4810-94f7-8d4440929af5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pksafety.com/blog/contractors-kit-for-confined-space-entry | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.954259 | 629 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology
Home > Flashcards > Print Preview
The flashcards below were created by user
on FreezingBlue Flashcards
. What would you like to do?
The brain and spinal cord make up the ___.
The peripheral nervous system can be divided into what two parts?
- Cranial and Spinal Nerves or
- Somatic and Autonomic Systems
The spinal nerves of the SNS are further divided into the ___ and ___.
somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system
The somatic nervous system contains sensory neurons that go where????
to the skin, muscles and joints
The autonomic nervous systems is divided into 3 parts.. what are they?
Sympathetic, parasympathetic and enteric subdivisions
The autonomic nervous system is responsible for the ____ of the body.
involuntary innervation of various organ systems of the body
When you think of PNS..what is the first thing you should think of???
What are the two primary cells of the CNS?
neurons and neuroglial (or glial)
What is the basic function cell of the CNS?
The neuron consist of what 3 parts?
- 1. cell body (soma or perikaryon)
- 2. dendrites
- 3. axon
Dendrites conduct impulses ___ the body of the neuron.
*the point of dendrites is to carry the impulse throughout the body
Axons conduct impulses ___ the body of the neuron.
Unipolar cell bodys are only found in ___.
Bipolar cell bodies are found in what 3 locations?
retina, ears, olfactory mucosa
Which neuron cell bodies branch into 2 cells, are present in the dorsal and cranial ganglia and enable impulses to travel from the dendrite to the axon without passing thru the cell body?
Which neuron cell body is the most abundant of the CNS neurons?
***these have multiple dendrites but only one axon
What part (gray or white matter) of the CNS is composed of neuron cell bodies???
What part (gray or white matter) of the CNS is composed of myelinated axons???
Neurons are classified by their ____.
IE: motor, sensory or interneurons
Motor neurons are classified as ____.
What is their function?
- 1. multipolar
- 2. control effector tissue of muscles and glands
Sensory neurons are classified as ___.
What is their function?
- 1. pseudounipolar
- 2. they receive sensory data
Interneurons are classified as ____.
What is their function?
- 1. pseudounipolar
- 2. they connect adjacent neurons
Which part of the membrane surface of a neuron is in contact with the ECF?
What is the purpose of the neurofilaments and neurotubules???
they provide the structural support and pathway for intracellular transport of neurotransmitters ---this is how the cells communicate with each other.
Which are there more of... neuronal cells or glial cells? and which are smaller??
What is the difference between neuronal and glial cells?
glial cells lack dendritic and axonal processes
What are the 4 types of glial cells in the CNS? What is the type of cell that is present in the peripheral nervous system???
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, ependymal cells
Most neoplasm arise from ____.
What is the predominant glial cell?
Fibrous astrocytes are found in___?
Protoplasmic astrocytes are found in ___.
What are the 2 jobs of astrocytes?
- provide structural neuronal support
- and are active in the repair of neuronal injury
Which glial cells have processes radiating from the cell?? and what are these called? what is their purpose?
- 1. astrocytes --gives them a star shaped appearance
- 2. perivascular feet
- 3. protect vessels...they are essential in the formation of the BBB
Oligodendrocytes have ____ than astrocytes.
What do oligodendrocytes form? What is the concern with these cells?
- 1. they form the myelin sheath of axons in the BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD
- 2. they are incapable of regeneration after injury... so once they're gone they're gone!!!
**ALSO....they can myelinate more than one axon
The velocity of the impulse increases as the _____ increase.
diameter of the axon
Besides increasing the square root of the diameter of the axon, what else can increase the velocity?
What cells form the myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system?
Unlike oligodendrocytes, schwann cells myelinate _______.
only 1 axon
**will surround the axon in layers
What are the nonmyelinated portions of the axon called?
Nodes of Ranvier
What is it called when conduction jumps from one node to another??
What are the smallest neuroglial cells?
Which glial cells are scattered all throughout the CNS and function at the sites of injury or sites of degeneration?? At these sites they proliferate and develop into large macrophages that phagocytize neuronal debri..
**their job is to get rid of debri
Which cells line the roof of the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain and the central spinal canal?
What do ependymal cells secrete?
Which cells form the cuboidal epithelium aka the choroid plexus?
What is the purpose of the Blood Brain Barrier?
to isolate the brain and spinal cord from the rest of the body
What areas of the brain lack the BBB?
area of postrema, pituitary gland, pineal gland, choroid plexus and portions of the hypothalamus
** these areas receive neurosecretory products from the blood
Which cells are said to prevent hemorrhagic strokes?? or hemorrhage in general?
What word would you use to describe the BBB of a newborn?
**things can get to newborns that can't get to us because of immunity... newborns have not built up an immunity yet
What are a collection of dense cell bodies in the CNS called?
What are a collection of cell bodies outside the CNS called?
When BBB disruption occurs because of trauma, hemorrhage or ischemia, what happens?
substances that normally would not be able to can penetrate the BBB and get to the brain
The cerebral hemispheres contain what 4 parts?
- 1. cerebral cortex
- 2. hippocampal formation
- 3. amygdala
- 4. basal ganglia
The surface of the cerebral cortex is convoluted..what does this mean?? and why is it like this?
it has lots of wrinkles
these wrinkles work to increase the surface area
Gyri refers to what??
the elevated part of the cerebral cortex
Sulci refers to what?
the grooves in the cerebral cortex that separate the gryi (or elevated portion)
What are the fissures in the cerebral cortex?
the deeper groves noted on the surface
The medial longitudinal fissure divides ___________.
the cerebral hemispheres into right and left halves
The lateral fissure of Sylvius and central sulcus of Rolando divide __________.
the hemispheres into 4 lobes.
How are the lobes in the brain named?
by the parts of bone that lie above them
The central sulcus separates ______ and ______lobes.
frontal and parietal
What is the frontal lobe essential for?
What is the parietal lobe essential for?
senses of pain and touch
The cerebral cortex is divided into _____ areas called _____.
Voluntary muscle movement is controlled in which gyrus?? What Brodmanns area is this?
In the precentral gyrus or Brodmanns area 4
What makes up the primary somatosensory area 1 also called the cortex? ie...what Brodmanns areas are involved to make up the somatosensory area 1?
Brodmanns areas 1, 2, 3
Brodmann's areas 5 and 7 function as the _________.
somatosensory association area
Which gyrus is the control area of sensation of touch, pain, and limb position?? also..which lobe is this are in???
in the post-central gyrus of the parietal lobe
The temporal lobe contains the ______ cortex.
The temporal lobe is separated from the frontal and parietal lobes by the ____ fissure.
Where does the occipital lobe lie?
posterior to the parietooccipital sulcus
Which lobe of the brain houses the visual cortex?
The visual cortex lies within the wall of the _______ fissure on the medial brain surface.
Where does the corpus callosum lie?
deep in the long fissure
The fibers of the hemispheres are located where?? and what do they do??
they interconnect the hemispheres
The basal ganglia are involved with???
the control of movement
The amygdala functions in relation to what 3 things???
- emotional behavior
- response to pain and appetite
- response to stress
The hippocampal formation is essential for _____ and _____.
memory formation and learning
Where is the diencephalon located? What does it contain?
midline between the hemispheres
contains the thalamus and hypothalamus
What does the thalamus do??
The thalamus integrates and transmits sensory information to various cortical areas of the cerebral hemispheres.
The hypothalamus is also known as ____.
the MASTER neurohormonal organ
What four things are controlled in the hypothalamus?
- a. Hormones
- b. ADH-water balance
- c. Temperature control
- d. Sleep function
What 3 things form the brainstem?
midbrain, pons, and medulla
The brainstem functions to maintain what 3 things via the reticular activating system?
The pons is ____ to the cerebellum. It is separated by the 4th ventricle. It connects the ____ to the ____.
- 1st blank -- Anterior
- 2nd blank -- medulla oblongata
- 3rd blank -- midbrain
The pons contains ascending and descending fiber tracts and the nuclei of the ____ and ___ nerve.
- trigeminal (5th CN)
- and facial (7th CN)
What extends from the pons to the foramen magnum?
The medulla contains what 2 control centers?
Respiratory and Cardiovascular control centers
What nuclei (aka nerves?) are located in the medulla??
- vestibulocochlear nerve (8)
- glosspharyngeal (9)
- vagus (10)
- spinal accessory nerve (11)
- hypoglossal nerve (12)
The outer part of the cerebellum is what color?? what color is the inner part?
- gray on the outside
- and white on the inside
Where does the cerebellum lie?
below the occipital lobe and behind the pons and medulla
Name the 3 functional areas of the cerebellum?
Which part of the cerebellum function areas is the largest?
Which part of the cerebellum's functional areas controls the coordination of muscle activity?
What part of the cerebellum's functional areas maintains equilibrium?
What part of the cerebellum's functional areas regulates muscle tone?
What is the main job of the cerebellum?
to integrate information to the lower motor neurons involved in maintenance of muscle tone, equilibrium, and voluntary muscle activity
The brain and spinal cord are covered by what 3 meningeal layers?
- 1. Dura mater
- 2. arachnoid mater
- 3. pia mater
What does the dura mater form? The dura mater is also known as???
- 1. forms falx cerebri (fold that seperates the cerebral hemispheres)
- 2. tough mother (it is the thickest layer)
Where is the subarachnoid space? Where does it end?
between the arachnoid and pia mater
ends at S2 and S3
Where is the epidural space?
the space is located outside the dura but inside the spinal canal
The spinal cord extends from the ____ to the ____.
medulla to the filum terminale
The dorsal white matter of the spinal cord is composed of ______.
ascending sensory fiber tracts.
**contains afferent nerves that carry impulses towards the CNS
The lateral and ventral white matter of the spinal cord contain ___________.
descending motor tracts.
**contains efferent nerves that carry impulses away from the CNS
The spinal cord is divided into regions by the entering dorsal sensory nerve roots and the outgoing ventral nerve routes.. what are these 3 regions?
dorsal, lateral, ventral
The central core of the spinal cord is what color?
A cross section of the spinal cord reveals a ___ shape??
List the cranial nerves..which ones are sensory, motor or mixed?
- –I-olfactory nerve(sensory)
- –II-optic nerve(sensory)
- –V-trigeminal (mixed)
- –VII-facial (mixed)
- –VIII-vestibulocochlear (sensory)
- –XI-Spinal accessory (motor)
- –XII-hypoglossal (motor)
____ cervical spinal nerves
____thoracic spinal nerves
____ lumbar spinal nerves
____ sacral spinal nerves
_____coccygeal spinal nerves
Where do the first pair of cervical nerves exit the spinal cord??? Where do all the other nerve pairs exit the spinal cord?
- 1. between the base of the skull and the first cervical vertebra (atlas)
- 2. remaining pairs exit between adjacent vertebrae
T4 is considered to be at the level of the _____.
T10 is considered to be at the level of the _____.
Except for C1, each spinal nerve receives sensory input from specific areas called ______.
All the exiting spinal nerves are covered by ____.
Because the spinal cord is shorter than the vertebral canal in adults, the ____ and ___ nerves have ______ (short or long) roots. These roots are called ______.
- 1st blank -- lumbar
- 2nd blank -- sacral
- 3rd blank -- long
- 4th blank -- cauda equina
Where does the spinal cord end in correlation with the vertebrae?
The right and left sides of the spinal cord core are connected by gray commissure. What is the middle of this commissure called?
The core of the spinal cord consists of two ___ and two thicker ____.
- dorsal horns (posterior)
- and two thicker ventral horns (anterior)
Intermediolateral gray horns or columns of the spinal cord and found between ______ and ___.
T1 and L2
The gray matter of the spinal cord is subdivided into 10 laminae of Rexed which are similar to Brodmann's areas in the brain. Rexed Laminae areas 1 through 6 are located where??? and what do they do?
in the Dorsal horn (posterior)
they receive sensory information
Laminae 5, 6, and 10 contain a large number of _____.
Projections form the Laminae form _______ _____.
Laminae 7, 8 and 9 make up the ____ ___. They contain motor neurons and interneurons that are involved in _____.
ventral horn (anterior)
The gray matter of the spinal cord contains 2 enlarged areas... where are these areas located in relation to the vertebrae?
- 1. C5-C7 CERVICAL AREA INNERVATES UPPER EXTREMITIES
- 2. L3-S2 LUMBAR AREA INNERVATES LOWER EXTREMITIES
Each spinal nerve has two points of attachment to the spinal cord...what are these two points?
The dorsal root and ventral root.
When the dorsal and ventral roots of the spinal nerves attach to the spinal cord they divide into what???
6-8 rootlets that enter the spinal cord
Distal to the dorsal rootlets at spinal cord are swellings called ____ _____ ____. What do they contain?
dorsal root ganglion
they contain somas of afferent neurons
The nerves that exit the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramen divide into what 3 areas?
Dorsal ramus, ventral ramus, small meningeal branch
What does the dorsal ramus innervate muscles and joints?
in the region of the spine and the skin of the back
What does the ventral ramus innervate?
innervates ventral and lateral skin and muscles of the trunk and gives rise to the nerves in the limbs
What does the small meningeal branch of nerves do?
it reenters the vertebral canal and innervates the meninges, vertebrae and spinal ligaments
The outermost covering of the peripheral nerves is called the __________. The bundles or fascicles of axons in each nerve are covered by the ________, and each axon in a fascicle is surrounded by the ____________.
- 1st blank -epineurium
- 2nd blank -perineurium (covers a bundle of nerves)
- 3rd blank -endoneurium (covers each neuron)
Peripheral nerves are classified according to their diameter. A alpha means they have the _____ diameter.
C fibers are the _________ and __________ nerve fibers.
smallest and slowest
Put these fibers in order based on which is the largest...
A delta, B, C, A beta, A alpha, A gamma
- 1. A alpha
- 2. A beta
- 3. A gamma
- 4. A delta
- 5. B
- 6. C
Somatic muscle fibers arise from the motor neurons in the ________ ________. They exit the spinal cord via the ____ ________.
When motor neurons join with sensory neurons what is formed?
a mixed nerve
**when the mixed nerve approaches the site of innervation, the motor and sensory fibers will separate to do their job
What are 4 things to remember about reflexes?
- 1. they require stimulation to elicit a response
- 2. they occur quickly
- 3. they are involuntary
- 4. they are stereotyped..they do the same thing everytime!!!!
Afferent nerve fibers are found on ______ nerve tracts.
ascending... carry something to the CNS
Efferent nerve fibers are on _______ nerve tracts.
descending....they carry away from CNS to muscle
What role does the skeletal muscle play in reflex arcs?
the muscle carries out the reflex
What is the stretch reflex?
the reflex that only allows your muscles to stretch so far and then they fight back to maintain equilibrium and posture.
A stretch reflex forms a ____ reflex arc which means it involves ____.
monosynaptic reflex arc which means it only involves 1 synapse
What is an example of a stretch reflex?
patella tendon reflex
What is the flexor withdrawal reflex?
ex. hand on a hot stove.. you automatically jerk back
is it the quick contraction of flexor muscles resulting the withdrawal of a limb from an injurious stimulus
The flexor withdrawal reflex forms a ______ reflex arc which means it involves _____.
polysynaptic ---many synapses
What occurs with the flexers and extensers in the affected limb with the flexor withdrawal reflex?
the flexers will contract and the extensions will relax in the threatened limb.
Explain what occurs with the crossed extensor reflex?
After a stimulus elicits a flexor reflex in one limb, the other limb begins to extend to maintain balance and to allow the body to push itself away from the painful stimuli.
---contralateral reflex--- sensory data is received on the opposite body part than the one in pain
Ascending spinal tracts carry sensory information ____ the spinal cord.
Descending spinal tracts carry sensory info ___ the spinal cord.
Sensory signals travels across 3 neurons in the ascending spinal tracts from their origin to the destination. What does the first order neuron do with the signal?? What about the 2nd and 3rd order neurons?
The first order neuron detects stimuli and transmits it to the spinal cord or brain stem.
The 2nd and 3rd order neurons continue to carry the signal to the sensory area of the cerebral cortex... (the 2nd goes to the thalamus and then the 3rd carries it the rest of the way).
Pain, temperature, and crude sensations travel via the ______ and _____ ________ ______.
anterior and lateral spinothalamic tracts.
Vibration, proprioception and fine tactile sensations travel via the _____ or the ____ ____ ____.
dorsal column or the medial lemniscal system
Which spinal tract supplies the voluntary muscles of the head and neck??
- **this tract carries motor signals from the cerebral cortex for finely coordinated limb movements
**remember this is a descending nerve tract
What arises from the brain and spinal cord and transmits efferent signals to the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and some glands?
autonomic preganglionic fibers
What part of the cardiac output does the brain receive?
15% or approx. 50ml/100g/min.
The brain is equal to what % of the body weight?
What two systemic arteries supply blood to the brain??
- the anterior receives blood from the carotids
- the posterior receives blood from the vertebral arteries.
The two arterial systems of the CNS communicate via the _____ __ _____.
circle of willis
Where do the anterior, middle and posterior cerebral arteries originate from?
Circle of Willis
Which artery bifurcates to form the anterior and middle cerebral arteries?
internal carotid artery
What does the anterior cerebral artery of the brain supply?
the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere
What does the middle cerebral artery supply within the brain?
the lateral surface of the hemisphere
What do striate arteries branch from and what do they supply?
branch from the middle cerebral arteries... supply the internal capsule and motor tracks.
Where do the vertebral arteries branch from and what do they form??
branch from the subclavian artery...they form the basilar artery
these arteries supply a wide area of the brain**
Venous blood will drain from the brain via what two systems?
dual venous sinuses and the great vein of Galen and the straight sinus
Which two arteries supply the spinal cord??
Anterior spinal artery --supplies anterior 2/3 of spinal cord
Posterior spinal artery --supplies posterior 2/3 of spinal cord
The cervical cord is supplied by the ____ and ___ arteries.
Vertebral and radicular arteries
The thoracic and lumber spinal cord are supplied by the _____ arteries.
What supplies the lumbosacral segment of the spinal cord?
Artery of Adamkiewicz
In 75% of patients the Artery of Adamkiewicz arises on the left side of the aorta between ___ and ____.
T8 and L1
The neuron that is sending info is called the ____ neuron. What do these neurons release?
The neuron that receives info is the ____ neuron.
If a neurotransmitter is said to be excitatory it will increase the permeability to???
If a neurotransmitter is said to be inhibitory it will increase the permeability to???
Is acetylcholine excitatory or inhibitory?
What would you like to do?
Home > Flashcards > Print Preview | <urn:uuid:cfc3a95c-cdef-43e0-b46b-46da7cdb74f9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.freezingblue.com/flashcards/print_preview.cgi?cardsetID=242194 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00327-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864506 | 5,200 | 3.546875 | 4 |
Effects of Non-Payment or Standard Is Hefty
The crushing financial obligation taken on by People in the us so that you can get college levels is having a big effect on our economy as well as on our nation-wide politics.
By the 4th quarter of 2020, $1.56 trillion education loan financial obligation had been outstanding. About 44% of the borrowers had been earnestly trying to make re payments at the time of 2019, while another 6.5% had been regarded online payday loans New Mexico as being in delinquency or default.
In March 2020, following the COVID-19 pandemic hit, the us government announced relief for federally-funded figuratively speaking: all loan payments and collection on defaulted loans stopped, and rates of interest for student loans fallen to 0%. These measures have been in effect till September 2021.
If you should be considering taking out fully student education loans, or have previously taken them out and are usually fighting repayment, here are a few things you must know in regards to the consequences of non-payment.
Federal and Private Student Education Loans Are Very Different
That $1.56 trillion pertains simply to financial obligation taken in by students or their moms and dads whom took away student that is federal. Some extra financial obligation is owed to personal banking institutions along with other loan providers.
These personal loans are gathered in a manner that is totally different there might be less types of recourse available in the event your loan is personal instead of general public.
Consolidation and Repayment Plans Are Available
When you have issues making repayments in your federal student education loans, know that they may be combined into one loan in order to make payment easier.
There’s also a wide range of income-based payment plans, that may provide borrowers additional time to settle their loan, decreasing the economic burden.
The Distinction Between Default and Delinquency
That loan becomes delinquent regarding the very first time after a repayment deadline is missed. There are numerous phases of delinquency, including thirty days overdue, 60 times delinquent, and 3 months overdue.
Each level gets a bit more severe. The mortgage will not get into standard until much later on, that could be at the very least 270 times (or nine months) of no re payments, with respect to the variety of loan.
Borrowers whoever loans are delinquent nevertheless have actually a true wide range of repayment choices. Default kicks a few reactions into action that are a lot more tough to resolve.
The first Effects of Default
As soon as a loan is recognized as to stay standard, the effects may be serious. The whole unpaid stability plus interest becomes immediately due and payable.
Borrowers lose any eligibility they might have experienced for deferment, forbearance as well as other repayment plans. They’ll not qualify for any future student that is federal, additionally the loan account are going to be turned up to a group agency.
The Long-lasting Effects of Default
There’s no statute of limitations on the assortment of federal education loan financial obligation. Even though the federal government may forgive student education loans in particular instances, this doesn’t connect with loans in standard.
These records will be reported towards the credit reporting agencies and can impact the debtor’s credit score. That hurts the individual’s capability to borrow funds or also obtain a task as time goes on.
The federal government may also withhold income that is federal refunds, garnish wages, or withhold Social protection re payments to stay your debt.
According to just how efficient the federal government is with in updating its electronic documents, it may influence an individual’s capability to restore a driver’s permit or license that is professional also stop the debtor from enlisting within the Armed Forces.
The Quantity Goes On
The debt that is total just become worse. You can find extra interest expenses, belated charges, prospective lawyer costs, court expenses, collection charges, as well as other expenses related to the collection procedure that could be included with the quantity owed.
It Could Get Severe
The debtor may be taken and sued to court for non-payment.
When an unpaid loan begins going through the court procedure, the judge may issue particular purchases. Although a borrower may not be arrested solely for non-payment of a loan, an arrest warrant could be given in cases where a judge’s sales aren’t followed.
There could be extra fees if it’s determined that fraud ended up being mixed up in initial application for the loan or false information had been supplied.
It Impacts Others
Any co-signers in the initial loan will be pursued for payment. It could also harm the prospects for the borrower’s kids once they in change connect with sign up for student education loans to cover their very own training. | <urn:uuid:0d9e5f76-9070-495d-b847-d03a67b36c3a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://oil-ex.co.kr/2021/08/01/exactly-what-do-happen-if-you-don-t-repay-your/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.968792 | 992 | 2.109375 | 2 |
Garden Greens Essential Greens Garden Greens Blend Very Berry Flavor (17.6 oz.)
Garden Greens Essential Greens Garden Greens Blend Very Berry Flavor. Help rejuvenate your health and optimize vitality with the benefits of Essential Garden Greens Blend Very Berry! These great tasting, super ORAC green foods make it easy to reap the health benefits nature intended for us to enjoy everyday! Essential Greens Garden Greens Blend contains 10 green foods including aloe vera gel, Hawaiian blue-green algae, chlorella, barley greens, wheat grass, green tea, prebiotic fibers and plant based enzymes with 14 vegetables including carrots, tomato, kale and spinach.
- Garden Greens Blend
- Best Tasting
- Very Berry Flavor
Stands for Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, is a new standard of measurement jointly developed by the National Institutes on Aging and the USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging. In simple terms, ORAC measures how well a food or drink renders free radicals inactive in your body. Since free radicals can damage healthy cells in your body, it is beneficial to keep them in check.
The super ORAC value in Essential Greens comes from the green foods in the formula. Concentrated greens such as Hawaiian glue-green algae, green tea leaf extract and wheat grass help provide the antioxidant activity your body may need to keep it healthy.
Essential Greens contains naturally occurring resveratrol from cranberries, bilberries, blueberries, elderberries and raspberries. Resveratrol is another powerful antioxidant to help avert free radical damage in your body. This Berry Antioxidant Blend also supplies phytonutrients such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, catechins and beta-carotene. These phytonutrients can be an important part of your diet to help maintain your vitality.
Essential Greens also provides you with a Vegetable Blend made up of 14 vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, kale, tomatoes, garlic, and onion. These vegetables contain healthy phytonutrients of their own such as lycopene, beta-carotene, indole-3-carbinol and allyl sulfides. In fact, every serving of Essential Greens provides the ORAC equivalent of about four servings of vegetables!
This formula is rounded out with the addition of fiber and plant based enzymes. These ingredients are in Essential Greens to help with your digestion process and help optimize your nutrient utilization.
Essential Greens harnesses the naturally occurring phytonutrient and antioxidant activity from some of earth's richest and most concentrated foods in just one convenient formula.
Garden Greens Essential Greens ... your gold standard for concentrated food supplements.
About Garden Greens
Garden Greens has a complete line of antioxidant-rich green food supplements that offer quality ingredients to support energy, metabolism and vitality. Help rejuvenate your health and optimize vitality with the benefits of Garden Greens. These great tasting, super ORAC green foods make it easy to reap the health benefits nature intended for us to enjoy everyday! | <urn:uuid:ea8be42f-6c74-4d63-b1b4-983e0d579856> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.luckyvitamin.com/p-29698-garden-greens-essential-greens-garden-greens-blend-very-berry-flavor-498-grams | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00088-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.901451 | 611 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Munsell Plant Tissue Color Charts has an update in the works. As an important resource for identifying plants, we want your input.
If you are a botanist or other plant professional, you know that plant cell coloring is a key factor when determining the type, age and identification of plants. Have a great experience using Munsell Plant Tissue Charts? We’d like to know about it.
What’s Your Experience with Plant Cell Coloring?
You know plants. We know color. Together, we can improve how plant colors are used for diagnosis and identification.
The Munsell Plant Tissue Color Charts specifically targets botanists and others who need consistent color terms for identifying plants by leaves, stems, or other color variants. Now it’s time to refresh the book, adding new colors and shades to help you with identifying plants and conditions. Have a great experience using Munsell Plant Tissue Charts? We’d like to know about it so we can improve the charts.
Help Us Make the Plant Tissue Charts Even Better
As an expert in your field, you have the best perspective on what is needed to make the Munsell Plant Tissue Color Charts more effective and relevant. If you are using the Plant Tissue Color Charts, let us know how it should be improved. We hope you consider it a valuable tool and will take time to make it even better. If you are not familiar with the charts, let us know and we may be able to send one to you if you are a professional involved with determining types of plant tissue by color.
Send your input/comments directly to us at: Art Schemhling | [email protected] or send us any materials you believe useful to us at: Munsell Color, 4300 44th Street SE, Grand Rapids, MI 49512
We look forward to working with you to make identifying plants even more precise and accurate! | <urn:uuid:2db78bc7-eea8-4d25-ba2c-50dcb0dd4d04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://munsell.com/color-blog/plant-tissue-color-charts-update/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00046-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.894543 | 408 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Dallas-based cleaning products manufacturer chooses EarthPeople for 3rd consecutive year.
Dallas, TX (PRWEB) - Scotch Corporation, a manufacturer of home-cleaning solutions, has selected EarthPeople, a Dallas-based sustainability communications and consulting firm, to assist with calculating greenhouse gas emissions for the third consecutive year. The company voluntarily reports its emissions and environmental progress to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) in response to Walmart’s continuing efforts to drive sustainability through its supply chain. As a participant in this process, Scotch Corporation is maintaining its long-term commitment to evaluate operations with the goal of conserving resources across all areas, including facilities, transportation, paper use, product sourcing, supplier relations, product marketing, and water use.
Scotch Corporation first committed to disclosing its progress to the CDP on an annual basis in 2011 following an executive-level decision to voluntarily comply with the Wal-Mart Sustainability Supplier Assessment, a process for helping suppliers establish and track sustainability goals. “We recognize that this forward-looking strategy represents a growth opportunity for us,” says Jacqueline Siegel for Scotch Corporation. She added, “We are pursuing these actions as a step toward greater transparency and leadership.”
“We are delighted that Scotch Corporation has selected EarthPeople for a third year in a row to assist with such an important task. I am impressed with Scotch Corporation’s integrity in upholding its decision to voluntarily report emissions annually,” said Anna Clark, president of EarthPeople. “Continuing to track and improve its ecological footprint will give Scotch a competitive advantage in the coming years, and also save money through increased efficiency.”
An example of increased efficiencies was the decision to evaluate freight hauling to make routes more efficient. This improvement also reduced the use of fossil fuels while decreasing emissions and the company’s overall freight expense. Such changes will also have a positive impact on air quality, as Dallas County is classified by the EPA as a region that is in “Serious Nonattainment” for air pollution, particularly ozone, a greenhouse gas that is the product of motor vehicle exhaust and industrial emissions.
About Scotch Corporation
Scotch Corporation, located in Dallas, Texas, manufactures the Instant Power® brand of products consisting of plumbing drain chemicals and household cleaning solutions. For more information, visit http://www.scotchcorp.com.
EarthPeople is a communications and consulting firm that helps organizations profit from branding, corporate social responsibility, sustainability, and public relations strategies. Since launching in 2005, EarthPeople has helped start-ups, non-profits, municipalities, and Fortune 500s strengthen brand equity, human capital, and environmental leadership. Among its services, EarthPeople provides specialized communications, reporting, GHG and plastic disclosures, training and stakeholder engagement. For more information, visit http://www.earthpeopleco.com.
View original release here: http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/9/prweb11101819.htm | <urn:uuid:975a754c-0f92-45e7-880b-0035b9a91d3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pollutiononline.com/doc/scotch-with-earthpeople-emissions-walmart-disclosure-project-0001?atc~c=771+s=773+r=001+l=a | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00153-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937079 | 623 | 1.625 | 2 |
The PST-PRTemp1000D, available from Pacific Sensor Technologies , is a rugged pressure recorder to accurately monitor and record pressure and temperature at user programmable reading intervals.
The PST-PRTemp1000D rugged stainless steel design allows for the device to be placed in harsh environments, which makes it well suited for use with air conditioning systems, chilled water, hot water, air, gas, oil and steam pressure systems.
The PST-PRTemp1000D internal temperature sensor provides accurate temperature measurements without the need for a separate temperature recorder.
The PST-PRTemp1000D logger can be started to take measurements as often as every two seconds, up to one reading every twelve hours. It will store up to 16,383 readings in its non-volatile memory.
The PST-PRTemp1000D uses a rugged stainless steel pressure strain gauge to accurately measure the pressure. The device comes standard with a ¼” NPT differential fitting. There are many different pressure ranges available to fit most any application.
The PST-PRTemp1000D is suited to the following applications:
- Process control systems
- Gas compressors
- Natural gas production
- Lubrication systems
- Chemical processing
- Pulp and paper processing
- Medical instrumentation
- Environmental studies
- Waste water treatment
- Oil and gas industries | <urn:uuid:42d03036-c735-4106-8e80-9032bf07fc85> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ferret.com.au/c/Pacific-Sensor-Technologies/PST-PRTemp1000D-pressure-and-temperature-recorder-from-Pacific-Sensor-Technologies-n815904 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00552-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904934 | 273 | 1.648438 | 2 |
November 2016 Current Affairs – General Knowledge – General Awareness
1st November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ On 28th Oct Himachal Pradesh selected as Second Open Defecation Free state after Sikkim.
2nd November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ On 31st Oct Vigilance Awareness Week has celebrated in India to promote probity in public life and achieve a corruption free society.
⇒ Kerala selected ad the 3rd Open Defecation Free – ODF state in India.
3rd November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Govt fixed the GST (Goods and Services Tax) rates with a low of 5, followed by 12, 18 and a high of 28 per cent.
⇒ Sarabjit Singh Marwah is the first Sikh to selected to the Senate of Canada.
5th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Women’s Hockey team of India defeated China with 2-1 and won Women’s Asian Champions Trophy title.
⇒ Lawyer Aniruddha Rajput selected as the member of International Law Commission by General Assembly among 34 individuals.
⇒ Windows 7 and 8 operating systems sale stopped by Microsoft.
7th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Prime Minister of Britain Theresa May reached India for a 3 day visit.
8th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ PM Modi declared that starting midnight Rs 500 and 1000 rupees notes are illegal. All banks will be closed tomorrow. All ATM will be closed for next two days. All 100 and 500 Rs notes must be changed with 31 Mar 2017.
9th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Donald Trump the member of Republican party elected as America’s 45th President.
⇒ Indian – Americans Pramila Jayapal, Ro Khanna, Kamala Harris, Raja Krishnamoorthi and Ami Bera are elected to the United States Congress.
⇒ Pramila Jayapal is the first Indian-American woman to be elected to the U.S. House of Representative.
⇒ California’s Attorney General Kamala Harris became the first India-American to win the U.S. Senate seat from the state.
10th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ The World Science Day for Peace and Development for the year 2016 celebrated today.
11th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ PM Modi and his Japanese counterpart Shinzo Abe signed civil nuclear agreement combined in Tokyo.
14th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Today is Gurunanak Jayanti
⇒ World diabetes day observed by all nations.
⇒ India celebrated Children’s Day on the occasion of Jawarharlal Nehru’s 127th birth day.
19th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Today is world toilet day. Its main intention is to take awareness on global sanitation.
20th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ PV Sindhu Indian Shutler won China Open for her maiden Super Series title after defeating Sun Yu with 21-11, 17-21, 21-11.
22nd November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Japan hit by a Tsunami after a powerful earthquake of 7.4 magnitudes rocked the northern part of Japan.
⇒ Mahaa Cakri Sirindhorn respected with first World Sanskrit Award for her contribution towards promotion of the language.
24th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Governor of South Carolina Nikki Haley selected as United Nations ambassador to the UN
25th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Cyrus Msatry was removed be Tata steel from companies chairman post. the company appointed OP Bhatt in his place as independent director.
⇒ Dilip Padgaonkar died at his age of 72. He was a famous journalist and former ediotor in chief of Times of India.
26th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Fidel Castro, revolutionary leader of Cuba and former president died at his age of 90.
28th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ Argentina team defeated Croatia by 3-2 and won Davis Cup for the first time in Zagreb.
29th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ In a plane accident out of 81 people 76 people died along with a Brazillian foofball team members. The flight was crashed near Colombian city of Medellin.
30th November 2016 Current Affairs:
⇒ The supreme court declared that all cinemas must play our national anthem before starting the movie and every one must rise for the anthem. | <urn:uuid:a0f1f1c8-62e0-427b-8048-4621be19eb0c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.currentaffairsandgk.com/november-2016-current-affairs-general-knowledge-general-awareness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00157-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952616 | 966 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Need help preparing for a standardized test? This guide lists selected resources and study guides that are available for you to use through the library.
The tabs at the top of this page identify a number of standardized tests. Open the tab to find the book resources that are available to you here at the library. You will be able to link directly from the page to the catalog where you can check the status of the book. These listings include books that are available for check out, books that can be accessed electronically, and books and materials that are located in the Reserve area of the library.
Chat live or visit our Ask a Librarian page for more contact information.
Live chat hours:
Monday - Thursday: 9:00am - 9:00pm
Friday: 9:00am - 5:00pm
Sunday: 1:30pm - 9:00pm
Please be patient; we may be helping others at the reference desk. If we are offline, call or send an email to [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:0671cd9d-cbbc-4059-9ab7-fda398dbfa93> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://libguides.southalabama.edu/testprep | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00025-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911463 | 211 | 2.015625 | 2 |
As the government fights to get its budget measures through parliament we will hear non-stop arguments about the so-called fairness of the budget. It is a really silly argument – nonsensical – but Joe Hockey and Tony Abbott are the ones that have validated it.
Labor’s critique of the government, playing up to old-fashioned class war resentment, focuses on how the budget might have a bigger impact on people with lower incomes than those on higher incomes. It is already running social media ads that show how the extra tax in the budget will cost someone on $250,000 an extra $1492 a year whereas a family on $95,000 with two kids will be $4931 worse off. Now, there are some accounting tricks in this – Labor includes the axing of the schoolkids bonus and includes guesses about Medicare co-payments and the like – but let’s not argue the toss over the exact numbers.
Clearly, when a government has a spending problem – that is, it is spending more than it receiving even though it is receiving more money than ever before – it has to reduce how much money it hands out. Therefore it is those people who receive money from the government who are going to be effected. To do this in a fair way, the government needs to make sure people don’t hurt too much, that there is an adequate safety net and that there is plenty of incentive to earn more and get work. And the overriding aim is to encourage economic growth to provide more opportunities for everyone.
There is no economic, moral or rational reason to say other people in the system should be effected by the same dollar amount. In fact, the people who are receiving welfare and other government payments are reliant upon the taxes paid by higher income earners. Remember, about half of all households in the nation pay no net tax.
So rather than think about how the person on $250,000 has not paid as much in this budget as the family on $95,000, it is more realistic to note that the higher income earner has actually paid about $90,000 in tax (and will pay even more) while the family on $95,000 receives an extra payment of up to $10,000. So one family is contributing to the tax system, the other is a beneficiary.
This is how our progressive tax system works, the more you earn the more you contribute and those with lower incomes derive benefits. To suggest somehow that everyone then should be affected in the same way in a budget is absurd – taken to its logical conclusion this means that eventually we should all just hand all our money over to the government and then wait for our welfare payments so that everyone gets the same.
Yet the punch line to this silly fairness argument comes from the government itself. They have foolishly validated the criticism. The single biggest mistake of the budget was the budget repair levy. It broke a key promise not to bring in new or increased taxes. And it also endorsed the fairness argument because Abbott and Hockey said it was brought in to ensure that everyone “shares the burden”. This was the move that invited the comparison – does everyone feel the same pain? Well no, because some people now fund the welfare system and some rely on it.
Progressive taxation; higher income earners funding a safety net; a welfare system without rorts and encouraging self-reliance; and taxes that don’t discourage enterprise – this is fairness. We’ve been pretty close to that in this country for many decades. We had better not risk it by starting up phony class wars, and forcing more and more to rely on fewer and fewer.
My last post on this blog was more than ten days before the budget and it took the form of a warning to Tony Abbott and the government – don’t break a major promise by introducing a new budget repair levy. My point was about Abbott’s need to protect his credibility: “You can talk all you like about scrapping the carbon tax, stopping the boats and repaying the debt – major promises that they were – but Tony Abbott’s main promise was to keep his promises.” The likely consequences seemed obvious. “A tax hike will seriously hurt a Prime Minister who has started well by stopping the boats and getting on with the job of providing adult government. It will be a great pity and a dangerous political misstep if Abbott sticks with these tax hikes.”
Labor’s spin has taken Abbott’s clear broken promise on the debt levy and turned it into a mantra about a raft of lies and broken promises. This is nonsense because changes to pensions and funding cuts for health and education have all been put off until after the next election precisely in order to avoid breaking promises. But the clear broken pledge on tax gives credence to this attack – without it Abbott could dismiss the broken promise spin on the other issues but with it, the whole debate becomes too messy and too defensive to bother with.
This is silly politics because the debt levy raises an insignificant amount of money and runs counter to the government’s claim there is a spending rather than revenue problem. The government decided to introduce it as an “equity” measure, an attempt to “share the burden”. This was a sop to the expected left/media criticism of a tough budget. Conservative politicians should know not to validate an erroneous attack by trying to accommodate it in this way. A Coalition government will never assuage the media/left critics – it needs instead to stick to the principles of its arguments. And when the problem is having too many net tax receivers reliant on too few net taxpayers, you simply can’t fix it by increasing the burden on the few. And the sop to the left blows up in your face because it legitimises the equity argument that can never be won - fairness and opportunity are what you need because even the socialists gave up on equity.
Anyway the dramatic fall in the polls reported in today’s Newspoll is a demonstration of the public’s budget anger, inflamed by being taken for mugs on the broken promise. It has allowed Labor to spin an effective line about a budget full of lies and, as usual, this is taken up uncritically by the gallery.
Of course the government would have expected a hit in the polls with a tough budget like this. The aim is to deliver the measures competently and win respect in the medium term for repairing the budget. And when most voters say they will be worse off after the budget they are only showing they recognise the facts – through benefit cuts, tax hikes and new payments everyone will feel some pain.
But the polls are probably worse than most expected, so the government’s political challenge is significant. It is no disaster, as some excitable types have been saying, but it will take a power of work to win the argument – especially with the political complications of the senate looming. Also before the budget I wrote in The Weekend Australian about how the broken promise would make Abbott’s job harder and that this would be a tragedy for the nation if it put his two-term reform agenda at risk . “The tax hike shouldn’t hurt the economy and certainly won’t hurt the budget, but it will damage the government’s credibility….And this is not unfortunate just because of the passing ¬political implications — increasing cynicism about politics, boosting the stocks of anti-politician populist Clive Palmer and creating ructions in the Coalition — but because of the profound consequences for the nation’s -reform agenda.”
The horse-trading over the budget measures will be intense, the attitude of the premiers complicates it further and the less-than-inspiring salesmanship from the government means the task is off to a pretty rocky start. But while the Coalition has made this harder for itself, the challenge is far from over. Labor’s response is millimetre deep. The public knows the budget needs remedial action and they simply won’t buy Labor’s argument that we can continue to borrow and spend with impunity. Finally, after six years of superficial political debate, we have a contest over the nation’s central economic and fiscal challenges.
You can talk all you like about scrapping the carbon tax, stopping the boats and repaying the debt – major promises that they were – but Tony Abbott’s main promise was to keep his promises.
Let me give you some examples from just one interview on the ABC’s 7.30 program early in last year’s election campaign. In the interview Abbott stressed the difficulty of the budget challenge but maintained a Coalition government would be “cutting taxes”.
When host Leigh Sales mentioned a Labor tobacco excise increase, the then opposition leader said: “This is yet another tax hike from a government addicted from tax hikes and the point I make is they hit people with three new or increased taxes just before the election starts. If they hit you with tax increases before the election, I hate to think what’s gonna happen after the election.” Pushed on the fiscal hurdles ahead of him, Abbott insisted: “Well, there will be no overall increase in the tax burden whatsoever.”
So we have a pretty clear example there of Abbott’s message on taxation – it was not limited to the carbon and mining taxes. But, as we all remember, this was underscored by a more universal message that capitalised on Labor’s horror record of broken promises, failed targets and leadership treachery. Abbott was going to restore trust. “One of the reasons, Leigh, why there is such a trust deficit at the moment is because this government has consistently deceived people and that’s the last thing that I’m gonna do.”
I was lucky enough to be in the room on the night of the election when Abbott claimed victory. His speech was more sobering than triumphant but I found it comforting and encouraging. Australia was going to be “open for business” and even more importantly, government was going to be frank. Restating his trust theme, Abbott said his government would say “what it means and mean what it says” and the crowd cheered. “A government of no surprises and no excuses,” he emphasised.
So no matter the political arguments about sharing the pain, no matter the arguments about temporary revenue filling the coffers while the reforms cut in - no matter the excuses - if Abbott goes ahead with tax increases, he will have undermined a central pledge and broken faith with the electorate. And all for a minor fiscal benefit. He promised too much, quarantined too many areas from budget cuts. And yes, Labor is hypocritical having broken its promise not to introduce a carbon tax and then broken its promise to “terminate” it. Think about it, Labor is now opposing a tax on those it likes to describe as the rich - end of days. But Abbott needs to stay above that level, not descend into weasel words about a tax increase being different to a new tax, or a levy being different because its temporary or whatever else the spin doctors recommend.
A tax hike will seriously hurt a Prime Minister who has started well by stopping the boats and getting on with the job of providing adult government. It will be a great pity and a dangerous political misstep if Abbott sticks with these tax hikes. Because he has been showing so much promise.
Even from the political grave Julia Gillard’s ineptitude is hurting Labor. Resurrecting Bob Carr and giving him the foreign affairs ministry was an obvious political mistake by Gillard in early 2012, even though, predictably, many in the press gallery hailed it as a masterstroke.
Carr had little if any experience in international relations and launched into the job with all the excitement and clumsiness of an amateur commentator, threatening sanctions against our closest neighbour, former colony and largest aid recipient, Papua New Guinea. His list of achievements after that amounted a number of long-term projects – such as a small arms treaty - that came to fruition while he happened to be in the job. Improvements in the relationships with China and India were a couple of rare achievements by Gillard who deliberately sought to repair damage done by Kevin Rudd and return these key relationships to their previous trajectories.
The one area where Carr dramatically changed Australian policy was on the Middle East. His ill-advised encouragement to the Palestinians (before they even return to negotiations without pre-conditions) and strident condemnation of Israel turned a bipartisan consensus on its head, shifting Australian policy into closer alignment with European countries and the UN. Thankfully, Julie Bishop has quickly moved to return Australia’s posture to its previous setting.
The greatest foreign policy challenge confronting Australia during Carr’s tenure was people-smuggling but he was noticeably absent from efforts to restore strong border protection measures. He seemed more interested in extensive travel and selfies with world leaders than in tackling difficult regional issues like halting the flow of asylum seekers.
Okay, so we now know he preferred first class. And as someone who often flew first class when working for former foreign minister Alexander Downer, I can confirm that arriving at your destination with some sleep under your belt means you can work harder and sharper. Yet it is a benefit not to be taken lightly. And I am staggered Carr had time to watch opera on the plane – in my experience reading briefings and cables, dealing with paperwork and getting some sleep took up all the available time, even on 13 hour flights.
Still, Carr’s mistake is to whinge about the lifestyle. No one forced him to take the job and we all know it was the appointment of his lifetime. He loved it. He can expect no sympathy from the taxpayers who funded his indulgences, and must know the damage he is doing to the Labor Party. The ALP has become very distant from voters and Carr’s comments just put this up in neon lights. For all his claims of irony and self-deprecation, Carr seems to be indulging himself again, in print, at the expense of his party. As I have
That’s enough about the Labor Party, now what do you think the Labor Party thinks about the Labor Party? Seriously, the obsessive fascination the political class has for the internal machinations and rules of the ALP never ceases to amaze me. Little wonder so many in the press gallery and the commentariat have picked politics so wrong over the past few years.
Labor crashes to barely one vote in five in the West Australian senate re-election and suddenly we are talking about new rules for the ALP. That will fix it – like a few tattoos on my arm will turn me into Buddy Franklin so I could line up for the Crows and solve their problems.
It is absurd the issue of union membership being a pre-requisite for ALP membership is even discussed. I am surprised in this era of nanny-state laws this is even legal. Why hasn’t one of the handbag hit-squad tried to join the Labor Party without a union ticket and then taken their rejection to the Human Rights Commission?
A year ago I talked on television about how all Labor MPs had to be union members. It is a closed shop. It has always surprised me that more is not made of this and the reaction from viewers endorsed this assessment – many hadn’t been aware and they were angry that journalists hadn’t bothered telling them before. Anyway, now I am getting sucked into the vortex of discussing ALP rules; so what rules would make a difference?
The ALP has quotas for female MPs but gender is not the problem – the party’s problem is its policies. So how about some new quotas? Perhaps a quota for candidates who have worked in the private sector or run a small business. And don’t just get rid of union compulsion, adopt a quota for non-unionists. Imagine that; “Sorry Mr Howes your application is rejected, this preselection is reserved for someone who has never been part of a union.” A quota for candidates who support development. And a clutch of seats reserved for candidates who oppose industry subsidies or increased taxation. Heaven help us, they might even reserve a seat for the candidates suitably cautious or sceptical about climate change.
It is all a nonsense of course. The Labor Party can look after its own antiquated and discriminatory rules but the public aren’t really interested in that, and nor should they be. Voters will be interested in why Labor hasn’t dropped its support for the carbon tax it once promised not to impose. And they might be interested in why it remains wedded to the mining tax, especially now that the peak of the boom is over.
Even more confusing for voters is working out Labor’s border protection policy, given that after years of denial and debilitating delay they eventually decided that we needed to stop the boats – now they seem angry that Tony Abbott and Scott Morrison have managed to do just that. On economic matters the public knows we have a budget and deficit challenge thanks to Labor’s profligacy but they see Bill Shorten and Labor denying it exists and promising to thwart any action to repair it.
This is why Labor is in strife. All the rule changes and internal debates will amount to nothing unless they result in policy changes. As the situation now stands, Labor is set to go to the next election promising to reimpose a carbon tax and mining tax, restart the people-smugglers’ business model and reopen the purse strings to increase the budget deficit. That’s a pretty silly platform.
Maybe it was Tony Abbott’s recent trip to Papua New Guinea; where it sometimes seems you address people by “Sir” so much you might as well be in the army (there are five Knights in the PNG parliament alone). Perhaps it is the Prime Minister’s hankering for deeper respect for our British heritage. Maybe the political maverick in him wanted to wedge opposition leader Bill Shorten, daring him to criticise an honour bestowed upon his mother-in-law.
Whatever the reason, the restoration of Dames and Knights is an unwelcome surprise from a Prime Minister who has promised no surprises. As ultimately meaningless as the change is, it would not have been welcomed if announced pre-election. It would have opened up a line of attack for Labor helping them paint Abbott as a man of the past, and it would have suggested to voters that the Coalition was focused on the wrong priorities. So to spring it on voters now undermines Abbott’s central theme of openness and honesty – that he will say what he means and do what he says.
Still, as an avid Republican, I find many of the arguments made against this move quite juvenile. Labor and the Left generally are suckered into trite lines about wanting our nation to “grow up” and expressing embarrassment about our institutions and heritage. This reflects badly on them and provides a political offset for Abbott, who looks mature and secure by comparison. This issue really has little to do with the Republican debate and it is those who are determined to link the two issues and demand that our country “grow up” who need to assess their levels of maturity.
There are few democracies in the world that can match the strength, stability and fairness of Australia’s institutions. And aside from the UK, US and France there are few modern democracies who can match our longevity. So we don’t need the adolescent arguments from the Left about our country needing to grow up. In my view the Republican debate is about equality – we are a system based on merit yet at the top that system we have someone whose authority is inherited. This is a contradiction that ultimately undermines our values. The fact the sovereign is shared with other countries is merely an annoyance (especially for those, like me, of Irish heritage) and an accident of history.
Anyway, back to Sir Tony. The other political damage caused by this move is the distraction. His government has generally been disciplined about focusing on its crucial tasks. It has tended to ignore the gallery nonsense about not having a large enough agenda - stopping the boats, eradicating damaging taxes and fixing the budget would be more than sufficient achievements for one term of government. But this move on Dames and Knights is off message, off task and off-putting for the public.
The Abbott government would be better off returning to its work scrapping redundant laws and regulations, rather than reviving redundant honorifics. Especially given that the first recipient of the new honours will be Quentin Bryce, a woman who has been paid a King’s ransom for the past eight years representing the Queen in Brisbane and then Canberra, all the while hiding the fact that she is a republican. To see such insincerity rewarded with the title Dame Quentin just underscores how silly these honours can be, and underscores the former governor-general’s hypocrisy.
Wrangling a toddler, as many of you will know, is one of the greatest joys that life can bring – but also one of the most frustrating. Aside from all those uplifting cuddles, hilarious antics and wonderfully refreshing observations (Daddy, look at the moon), there is the infuriating testing of boundaries. Tell your toddler to stop smearing yoghurt on the table and they will as often as not look at you, squeal with delight and let out a mischievous giggle as they slap another handful onto the deck.
This, I am beginning to realise, is the perfect analogy for the current behaviour of the ABC. We all know the delights of the national broadcaster – test cricket broadcasts that are like having a good friend stay for the summer or news programs that care for what’s happened outside the state and outside our national borders. But seriously, the frustrations. The constant sneering at conservatives, the stacking of programs with hosts, guests and commentators from the left, the running of press-release style stories from unions and environmental groups, the university review-level humour, and the adolescent insolence of the organisation, thumbing its nose at community standards.
The ABC has always had trouble with leftist bias and - given who it will attract and the culture it will generate as a national broadcaster - always will. Yet the problem has escalated dramatically over the past six years. You get the sense the delivery of the Rudd Labor government, the focus on climate change, the softening of the border protection regime and the loosening of government purse-strings in the wake of the GFC delivered the ABC all the Christmases for which a deeply agnostic, if not atheistic, organisation could ever have hoped. Then, with the delivery of our first female prime minister, the ABC’s ideological cup had runneth over. And despite the multiple policy and political mistakes of Labor’s deeply flawed and incompetent six years in power, the ABC desperately sought to run a defence.
To the ABC the Abbott government presents as polar opposite – an ideological enemy. It is sceptical and practical on climate policy, promises fiscal prudence, remains stubbornly merit focused on gender and is tough as nails on border protection. Never mind that most of the population tends to support these positions – so much so that even the Labor Party, at least superficially, agrees on all counts – the ABC is at odds with all of them. And for the first time in a decade, the national broadcaster’s obvious bias is being openly called into question not only by critics but by the government.
The ABC, of course, should have no discernible position on any of these issues. It is required by law to be objective and pluralistic. Yet with a focus now falling on its obvious bias the broadcaster is recalcitrant. Like a toddler advised to stop smearing the yoghurt, the ABC is looking up at the government and the public, dipping its hand into the tub and slapping it down to make even more of a mess.
The flagship public forum program Q&A last night returned to its most jaundiced format – five from the left and a sole conservative: media personality Eddie McGuire who has often been touted as a potential Labor MP, trucking magnate and Labor mate Lindsay Fox, activist actress Rachel Griffiths, Labor frontbencher Richard Marles and progressive host Tony Jones all lined up against Liberal MP Kelly O’Dwyer. As if this wasn’t stacked badly enough, the only guest Jones seemed to interrupt, push or contradict was O’Dwyer, even though a large part of the program was taken up with the border protection issue, a dilemma created by Labor’s policy changes and left uncorrected by Labor for at least three years until weeks out from last year’s election.
It is hard to understand the immaturity of the ABC’s approach. Thanks to the election it now knows it is out of step with the public, it knows it is facing pressure over bias and it knows the government is under pressure to find budget savings. Yet instead of making any attempt to improve its behaviour or performance, it is throwing a tantrum. It is not hard to work out what the ABC should be doing – a quick reference to its charter would help – but it just seems unwilling to learn.
There is a lot of consternation about the South Australian election result. All that could change with counting this week but on current expectations the Liberals will fail to win a majority of seats even though they received about 53 per cent of the popular vote. This is obviously a problem for electoral fairness - the result is only about half a per cent short of the vote that gave Tony Abbott a landslide win in last September’s election yet in SA it can leave you in opposition. To illustrate what has gone on here I want to point to my column from Adelaide’s Sunday Mail two months ago where I outlined the unfairness in the South Australian system:
“For near enough to half of the past 25 years (1989 to 1993, 2002 to 2006 and 2010 to this year) Labor has been in government even though it has not been the statewide popular choice. The ALP has held power twice as long as the Liberals over that period despite winning more of the two-party preferred vote in only one of six elections (its convincing 2006 victory). In 1989, John Bannon defeated John Olsen with just 48 per cent of the popular vote, snaring his final term during which the State Bank disaster unfolded. To Bannon’s great credit, he recognised the inherent unfairness and delivered reform - via a referendum on the same weekend in February 1991 that the bank disaster was revealed. The new laws specifically tasked the Electoral Commission to draw boundaries that would try to ensure a party with over 50 per cent of the two-party preferred vote would be able to form government. But such electoral design is easier said than done; the intent of the law has not translated into reality. At the 1993 State Bank landslide, none of this was an issue but, in 1997, the Liberals were forced into minority government despite winning 51.5 per cent of the popular vote. In the 2002 election, when Kero (Rob Kerin) lost power, even almost 52 per cent of the two-party preferred vote left him at the mercy of a single disaffected independent. Labor won convincingly in 2006 but at the most recent poll, in 2010, a clear majority of voters (51.6 per cent) preferred the Liberals but saw Labor win.”
The column then went on to discuss the implications for the looming election:
“The Liberals need to pick up six seats to win in their own right, or three if they are to go down the fraught path of relying on independents. An emphatic change of government would happen with a swing to the Liberals of 3 per cent. Sounds a cinch doesn’t it? Not when you factor in the 51.6 per cent of the two-party preferred vote the Liberals won under Isobel Redmond at the 2010 election. This suggests that, all things being equal, they might need close to 54 per cent of the popular vote to be assured of enough seats. So, once again, the real contest will be in the marginal seats - hand-to-hand combat between candidates and incumbents where expectations, and brutal politics, meet reality. Jay Weatherill and Labor will focus all their energies on fighting in a handful of vital seats; Steven Marshall and the Liberals will need to do the same.”
The point is that while we are now seeing widespread surprise in the media and political commentary, this was all predictably on the cards. And there are two important lessons to be drawn from that point. First, something should have been done about it sooner. The electoral commission’s redrawing of boundaries after each election have clearly not been doing their job. After 2010, for instance, they should have redrawn boundaries so that based on those polling booth numbers the same result (51.6 per cent 2PP) would give the Liberals 24 or more seats. Instead they redrew them to give the Liberals just 19. In other words, they refused to deliver the fairness required. The Liberals should never have accepted this. Second, having accepted those boundaries, the Liberals knew the marginal seats problem and which seats they needed to win. So they should have fought better and smarter in those key seats.
Tomorrow is the Ides of March and there is not much the Labor premiers in Tasmania and South Australia can do to protect their backs. Voters are about to have their say and in both states solid Liberal wins are likely.
Which gives me a roundabout opportunity to pose a quiz question: what do Bob Hawke, Tony Abbott, former Carlton ruckman Mike Fitzpatrick and American singer-songwriter Kris Kristofferson have in common?
Yes, you might have guessed – they are all Rhodes scholars. And I mention this because while country music often gets bad press, it sometimes produces exquisite songs, especially about love, loss and loneliness. One of Kristofferson’s finest (rivaling Me and Bobby McGee) could have been written for the Labor Party this weekend - Sunday Morning Coming Down.
Google it on YouTube if you haven’t heard it – a forlorn and lyrical picture of a lonely, hungover Sunday morning. “Cos there’s something in a Sunday, makes a body feel alone,” laments Kristofferson. “And there’s nothin’ short of dyin’, half as lonesome as the sound, on the sleepin’ city sidewalks, Sunday mornin’ comin’ down.”
It seems certain those Labor MPs who still have jobs will wake up on Sunday feeling very lonely, finding themselves out of government everywhere in the country, except in the cloistered government territory of Canberra. It is a dismal situation and many will be quick to discuss an existential crisis for Labor.
To be sure, the ALP will need to use this period to seriously reflect on its situation; Bill Shorten, especially, will need to understand that if he is to survive as leader he will have to demonstrate he has taken some policy messages from the federal election result. And the elephant in the room will be the Greens/Labor, love/hate relationship.
If Labor is to regain mainstream popularity and relevance it will need to learn to hate the Greens as a parasitic organism on its left flank, rather than continually be tempted to follow its emotive policy posture. This is not easy. It will be painful but in the medium term Labor must differentiate and become more centrist. The first test of this approach will come in Victoria in November, where Labor are well placed but no certainties to regain government.
Overall, the historic shift should not be overestimated. Remember it was just over six years ago when the Coalition parties were in a similar position of coast to coast opposition. They have been helped by the economic cycle and inconceivably poor administrations in Canberra and Sydney. Federally and in most of the states the Liberals have concentrated on making themselves ready for government; streamlining policies (climate change federally was particularly difficult), establishing unity behind leaders and keeping the focus on Labor’s failures.
Labor, naturally enough, needs to do likewise. The policy work is the hardest and it is where Shorten has been indolent so far. He is on the wrong side of all the main debates, so until he rectifies this it will be difficult to put a lot of pressure on the government.
Disunity is less of a problem but it could emerge if the policy work is not managed well. We can expect serious instability emerging in South Australia starting Sunday, where federal frontbencher Senator Don Farrell is bound to exact his revenge on Jay Weatherill, who publicly thwarted Farrell’s attempt to parachute into state parliament. The repercussions in that state are likely to draw in Weatherill supporters Penny Wong and Mark Butler as well, so Shorten will be hoping all the brawling stays west of the Murray. He doesn’t need any trouble poisoning his own caucus.
But history tells us Labor will recover. If the economy is kind to Australia, all of the Coalition governments will be difficult to dislodge in the short term. However, the first job of oppositions is to make themselves ready for government. Once they do that, the rest tends to fall their way, sooner or later.
One of my pet hates is governments treating voters as fools. As I have written before one reason Bob Hawke stands out as Labor’s greatest modern prime minister is the way he engaged voters in a serious discussion. Hawke used to flatter the electorate’s intelligence in a tactic that was part base politics and part sensible policy advocacy.
John Howard took a leaf out of this book. The audacity of taking a new tax to an election in the 1998 GST election was counter-balanced by the flattery that told the electorate it was mature enough to make a difficult but wise policy decision.
The contrast in the Rudd/Gillard years was acute. Silly media spin trumped policy debate, central policies such as the CPRS were abandoned, broken promises such as the introduction of a carbon tax were denied, the plain reality on border protection was ignored and voters were taken for fools. Instead of a debate about policy options we had a government that would send out cheques to voters then get on Twitter to promote it with the hashtag #cashforyou. This is just not the level of gravitas voters expect from a federal government.
Early in the Rudd years, Labor took the sensible option of commissioning a report into taxation reform, conducted by then Treasury secretary Ken Henry. When he handed over his comprehensive report, the treasurer Wayne Swan sat on it over summer, and in the dying days of the Rudd government he cherry-picked just one idea – the mining tax – and then made a complete botch of consulting the industry over it and trying to introduce it. The fiasco contributed to Rudd’s demise.
The lesson here is that to undertake economic reform you need to engage stakeholders and the public in an intelligent debate. And it is a lesson Tony Abbott and Joe Hockey should heed.
The Coalition has done the right thing in establishing an audit commission. We need detailed recommendations about where to cut government spending, where to eradicate waste and where to cut back on unnecessary entitlements. But we know the government is now sitting on early recommendations. We don’t know when it will be made public.
The wise approach would be to release the full document as soon as possible – never mind the Western Australian senate by-election. Voters are smart enough to consider these matters.
The public and industries should be able to see the full scope of the problem and the full variety of policy options, so that we can have a serious debate led by the government. If Labor wants to run a scare about every recommendation they will simply look foolish. Given they left the budget in such a shambles the onus will be on the wiser Labor heads to actually identify some of the ideas it might support.
It is time for the government to take the public into its confidence on the budget challenge ahead. Especially given the road block in the senate, the government needs to win its economic reform argument in the public arena, not behind closed doors.
ON the weekend I wrote about the moral vanity of the left on boats and how dangerous it can be – it did after all lead to 1200 or more deaths when it led to the relaxation of our border protection regime.
The moral poseurs – or compassionistas as I have called them – are at pains to show us their compassionate virtue but they offer no practical solutions to a difficult policy issue. Just 6 months ago their relaxed policies – compassionate policies as they like to describe them – were bringing people on perilous journeys at the rate of 50,000 a year, feeding a corrupt people-smuggling industry with illegal cash and eliminating any chance that refugees in Sudan, Jordan, Afghanistan or anywhere else who don’t have thousands of dollars for people-smugglers would ever be able to win a place in Australia through orderly processes.
The compassionistas choose not to see this; they are border protection denialists who think that if we open our borders we will all live happily ever after. With more than 10 million genuine refugees in the world and many multiples of that who would love to come to Australia and might be able to pass themselves off as refugees, the numbers would soon grow.
A thousand boat people a year obviously would not be a problem for Australia, except that it soon grows to 10,000 and, as we have seen, to 50,000. No one could be quite sure where it would end. So we, sensibly, decide to control our borders and choose our generous intake of refugees through proper processes in cooperation with United Nations agencies.
Anyway, that’s a quick summary of the policy logic. But back to the compassionistas. Yesterday Jessica Rudd, the daughter of former prime minister Kevin Rudd, decided to air her views, or more to the point trumpet her compassion, on the Brisbane Times website. It is as good an example of moral vanity as I have seen – all care and no responsibility.
And it is passing strange that she did not speak up when her father’s policies led to hundreds drowning at sea, or when he finally backflipped on the position he had argued for five years and reopened the Manus Island offshore detention centre. No, she held her fire until now. Here is what Ms Rudd wrote:
“I woke up, looked out my Beijing window, saw nothing but a grey, airborne, putrid porridge, booked an adult and child ticket to Hong Kong and got the feck out of there. On the plane, while Josie coloured-in a flock of fairies icing cupcakes, I filled out our arrival cards and sipped a glass of ginger ale. A fraction after midnight, we disembarked—her asleep on my chest in the baby carrier, me lugging all the detritus that comes with transporting small people. We queued up for twenty minutes, were waved through immigration, got our luggage off the carousel, found a trolley and made our way to the loving welcome of family.
As I write this, I’m watching the English language CCTV international news show. A reporter is doing a live broadcast from the streets of China’s capital and talking openly about the smog and the government’s reaction. She coughs, excuses herself, attributes it to the air and returns to informing her viewers about the health implications of this sixth consecutive day of hazardous filth. My computer is on my lap. In an adjacent window I’m reading about the plight of people who have fled their home country for mine and I am moved to tears, because I’m the luckiest asylum seeker there is.
I have money. I have a passport. I have access to a safe plane. The place I have fled with my baby will have me back without persecution and my destination accepted us with open arms. But the compassion we expect is not always the compassion we show others. This is humankind’s enduring tragedy.
In a democracy, we must to do more than yell at our leaders to change their policies, because our political system requires those leaders to follow if they want to remain in a position to make a difference. Therefore, the burden falls to us. We must lead. We must reach out to and include, not alienate, the people our leaders follow. We must appeal to the generosity of our fellow citizens. It is in us all. It is the very essence of Australianness.
It is the part that takes a pasta bake to a new neighbour. It is the part that knits beanies by the dozen to send to neo-natal wards. It is the part that helps a struggling family clean up after the floods. That appeal takes time, patience, kindness and intelligence. It’s a much harder ask than implacable placards and angry protest. Light the Dark was the beginning of something powerful. It was the foundation stone of a mandate for compassion.”
So there you go, protesting about the tragic death of one asylum-seeker in a detention centre riot seems far more important than the deaths of 1200 asylum seekers over the previous five years, not to mention the trauma and uncertainty 50,000 others faced in detention or on bridging visas. Yes the moral posturing is far more important than proffering solutions. After all we have seen over the past five years it seems inconceivable that we could still be dealing with these attitudes. It makes me worry that all the horrors of this evil trade could one day be unleashed again – no matter how successful Scott Morrison is with the current operations.
We keep hearing about the age of entitlement. This blog, certainly, has long been convinced that getting rid of the culture of entitlement is crucial for the future of the nation.
Yet our political system, media disposition and voter expectations seem preset to deliver increasing amounts of largesse, government intervention and mindless subversion of individual responsibility. Here is the latest example. In the South Australian election, which has 12 days to go, the Labor Premier Jay Weatherill, has promised a $50 voucher to help parents pay for their children’s sporting fees. The move won’t cost much or change the election result or mean anything to the rest of the country.
Yet this is on offer from a state facing crippling debt and a billion dollar budget deficit. In other words, it is prepared to borrow millions of dollars more to set up a bureaucratic scheme to reimburse parents for the money they are already spending to sign their kids up to sports clubs. Madness.
This speaks volumes about how we have gone way too far down this nanny-state, government-as-benevolent-patriarch, mendicant-voter path. We are a nation, apparently, that demands the government provides free broadband to our door, organises a set-top box for our television, gives us a bonus to help pay for our kids’ school costs, and now helps sign our kids up to the local sports club. When and where will it end? Is there a government scheme that can answer that question for me?
Sometimes people shock with you with their detachment from reality and others surprise you on the upside by courageously confronting it. Today, as we all digest the looming 5000 job cuts at Qantas and worry about the future of the national carrier we have a startling case of each.
The audacity of ABC managing director Mark Scott in comparing the challenges of running his organisation to those of running Qantas was really quite inexplicable. On one hand you have a private company that needs to provide a profit and a return on capital in a competitive market. On the other you have a monolithic publicly-funded broadcaster that is accountable to no-one, constantly has its hand out for more cash, and in recent years has received it.
Scott has expanded his empire by taking more money from taxpayers, with no need to measure or justify his success. It is extraordinary that in his quietest moments he would even dare to compare his daily challenges to those of Alan Joyce, or compare the cossetted world of his employees to the uncertainty facing thousands of Qantas staff. Yet to air these thoughts publicly shows a lack of understanding of the real world, and even a lack of sensitivity given what people are facing at Qantas.
On the bright side former ACTU boss and Labor government minister Martin Ferguson has been brave enough to agree national industrial relations reform is needed. You could say he is only stating the obvious but given the union movement and the current Labor leader are resisting any reform, it is courageous and useful for Ferguson to speak out. He is in touch with the realities confronting the economy and the political debate, and he has decided to take a stand for common sense. He clearly has no interest except to boost the economy and generate jobs. Good for him.
A British court has finally made clear what was obvious last year, the horrible slaughter of soldier Lee Rigby on a London street was an act of Islamic extremism. Last year there was great reluctance from some elements of the media to confront this reality, even though the murderers made it clear to witnesses at the time.
Following their trial, a judge at the Old Bailey has been very clear about the extremist motivation. This is a brutal and scary reminder of the continuing threat of Islamic terrorism, which remains rampant in South Asia, the Middle East and large parts of Africa. As I wrote on this blog last year, we underestimate this threat at our own peril. And politically correct media denying the obvious only make us more susceptible.
Stephen Conroy’s deliberate, ill-judged and offensive attack on Lieutenant General Angus Campbell showed he is unfit to be on Bill Shorten’s frontbench. Certainly it would be an ongoing insult to leave him in the defence portfolio.
Apart from the baseless slur, accusing Lt Gen Campbell of being involved in a “political cover-up” Senator Conroy showed a poor understanding of international security matters. He ought to understand that the less that is said about boat turnbacks publicly the better for Australia’s relationship with Indonesia – indeed a large part of Labor’s justification in government for never attempting boat turnbacks was that it might offend Indonesia. And flowing from this point is the rather obvious fact that a healthy relationship with Indonesia is fundamental to our security interests.
That Senator Conroy could fail to grasp the import of these two points is difficult to comprehend. That he could then turn it into a tack partisan attack on a senior military officer – whose team risk their lives to enforce this policy on the high seas – is irresponsible and unbecoming of an alternative government. Remember, if Labor were to return to government, Senator Conroy would, on current standings, be defence minister.
Mr Shorten took a step towards improving his own leadership credentials yesterday when he belatedly condemned Craig Thomson. Now his Victorian and factional colleague has challenged his authority with this behaviour – Mr Shorten really needs to extract a resignation or he’ll be seen to be weak on core national security issues.
And as a footnote, how do you think the ABC would cover this matter? Remembering the ABC last month accused our navy personnel, with no plausible evidence, of torture. Despite this reporting being demonstrably unreasonable it has refused to apologise.
So on Radio National this morning instead of seriously discussing Senator Conroy’s sensational overstep, they turned it into a joke based on a reference to a Hollywood movie. When the political target is unsuitable, radio Radio National has avoided the real issue by flicking the switch to coverage more becoming of commercial FM radio.
Pity our navy and customs personnel working on Operation Sovereign Borders right now – they are doing dangerous work effectively and are being rewarded with claims of torture and political cover-up.
Commentator, author and former political adviser, Chris Kenny, takes an unashamedly rationalist approach to national affairs. Follow on Twitter @chriskkenny
- Budget and the fair go 36 Comments
- One silly broken promise makes Coalition budget sales job so much harder 89 Comments
- Abbott’s promising promise on promises 80 Comments
- Just when Labor needs to reconnect, up bobs Carr 65 Comments
- It’s the policies, stupid. 63 Comments
- Please Sir, can we get back to the job at hand? 64 Comments
- It’s as easy as ABC 137 Comments
- Of swings and boundaries 27 Comments
- Sunday Morning Coming Down 20 Comments
- We are entitled to discuss how to end entitlement 52 Comments
The Australian blogs
Keep up to date with the Chris Kenny Blog delivered straight to you. | <urn:uuid:6fbf2cca-f66c-4140-becf-209498ab3553> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://blogs.theaustralian.news.com.au/chriskenny/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966334 | 10,076 | 2.328125 | 2 |
Amsterdam is the AMS living lab to develop and test metropolitan solutions – involving the Amsterdam citizens as testers, users and co-creators. Research and valorization in AMS Institute will not just be about cities, they will be integrated into cities through a network of test beds. The institute will use test beds in Amsterdam to understand the flows and characteristics of the urban environment, and thus to design metropolitan solutions and accelerate their integration into real life. The projects all match the key AMS criteria: they involve the residents of Amsterdam and institute partners, they will benefit the local population, and they are internationally recognised as innovative.
AMS will investigate the potential efficacy of (big) data supported bottom up initiatives in increasing the comfort, sustainability and resilience of urban communities in the face of foreseen change of spatial planning of urban environments, infrastructure and services necessary to address to climate change, urbanization, empowerment and resource scarcity.
These projects will make a deep impact on the city. What could be better than working to enhance the living and working climate in cities, improving the quality of life, containing damage, reducing traffic jams and pollution, and helping to make essentials – like energy, water, and food – available to everyone? | <urn:uuid:c9bc90db-15f8-410c-99f7-e595cdd76e43> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ams-institute.org/category/research-programs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719273.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00065-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927787 | 246 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Research. Innovation. Discovery.
Fueled by curiosity, our researchers are deciphering the building blocks of life, creating profound expressions of culture and discovering innovations that will shape the world of tomorrow. We've been doing this for more than 140 years.
Research newsView more news and stories
New research collaboration aims to better understand COVID variants
Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Research and International, UM Today
The manipulation of Uber’s public image profoundly impacted the lives of taxi drivers
Asper School of Business, Research and International, UM Today
Digvir Jayas to be inducted into Canadian Agricultural Hall of Fame
Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Price Faculty of Engineering, Research and International
Application deadline approaches for Manitoba’s first Falling Walls competition
Research and International, UM Today
Research at the University of Manitoba is partially supported by funding from the Government of Canada 's Research Support Fund.
Areas of expertise
Our Strategic Research Plan serves as a roadmap to champion research excellence. Guiding our efforts through established and emerging research strength areas and themes, our researchers address the most pressing issues facing Canadians as well as global societies.
Key research themes
Arctic system science and technology
By connecting climate change and sea ice researchers with Arctic governance experts and the culture and traditional knowledge of Indigenous peoples, we are ideally placed to provide the interdisciplinary expertise that will carry Canada’s vision for the Arctic into the future.
Culture and creative works
Living in a city known for its vibrant creative community and cultural diversity, our researchers deepen knowledge of the human enterprise. The study and expression of our intellectual and creative capacity dare us to think differently about how we learn, teach and live together.
Using a multitude of modern tools and techniques across many disciplines, our researchers build on the tradition of the classical sciences to enhance our understanding of the world and provide a holistic foundation for addressing complex problems.
High performance materials, structures and processes
With innovative infrastructure allowing for research into mineral structures and complex chemical reactions, we are home to materials science and materials processing research covering the entire spectrum from basic sciences to industrial applications.
Human rights and social justice
Manitoba has a deep history of social justice and human rights activism and research influenced by the social gospel movement, the struggle for women’s suffrage, the impact and legacy of the Winnipeg General Strike, efforts to address issues of Indigenous justice and the recently-erected Canadian Museum for Human Rights.
Integrative research in health and well-being
Improvements to the health and well-being of individuals and diverse populations are achieved by weaving knowledge together across many communities and disciplines. By creating inter-disciplinary and multi-institutional research teams, we lead transformational research in this field.
Safe, healthy, just and sustainable food systems
We are recognized nationally and internationally for research on local and global food systems that yield safe, nutritious, culturally-appropriate and affordable food while minimizing negative impacts on the environment and contributing to strong communities and economies.
Sustainable water management systems
Our institutional leadership brings water and wastewater management expertise together with Indigenous knowledge, language, law and methodological skills to ensure the long-term health and sustainability of land, rivers, lakes and communities across Manitoba and Canada.
Understanding and communicating information
Transcending the fields of mathematics, statistics, physics, computer science and engineering, where the foundations for acquisition, analysis, extraction, and visualization of information have been established, this theme also underlies research that seeks new ways to deal with information from the arts and humanities to medical research.
Research for, with and by Indigenous peoples is an important cross-cutting dimension of scholarship at the university. Researchers engaging in Indigenous scholarship communicate knowledge in innovative ways, employing cutting-edge methodologies to improve the lives of Indigenous peoples locally, nationally and globally.
Sustainable systems for resilient communities
Questions of economic, social and environmental sustainability are crucial to the future of Manitoba and Canada in the context of changing climate and increasing resource scarcity. The commitment to building sustainable communities bridges the university’s strengths in discovery-driven scientific research and interdisciplinary areas.
Signature research areas
Engage with us
Research opportunities and supports
The UM research enterprise - made up of faculty, postdoctoral fellows, students and research technicians - is supported and enhanced by access to specialized training, funding and services available through the administrative reporting units of the Office of the Vice-President (Research and International).
Learn more about our research
Office of the Vice-President (Research and International)
Room 202 Administration Building
66 Chancellor's Circle
University of Manitoba (Fort Garry campus)
Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2 Canada | <urn:uuid:bf6f6f5e-4e60-45f6-a2a2-18e1317eb799> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://umanitoba.ca/research/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00067.warc.gz | en | 0.910679 | 976 | 1.921875 | 2 |
I can't see in the first picture clearly due to the glare, but the pin below the "0" on the chip labeled "1360", the ZXLD1360, should be floating (soldered to a pad that goes nowhere) currently. Wire the bulb with +12V and GND, then connect to that pin through a resistor (~10K) and to a PWM output on the Arduino. Voila.
Please enter a valid email to subscribe
We need to confirm your email address.
To complete the subscription, please click the link in the
email we just sent you.
Thank you for subscribing!
via Egeo 16 | <urn:uuid:a5918e04-7000-44b4-8af7-682cd085fb8d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://forum.arduino.cc/index.php?topic=138969.msg1049036 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.885258 | 137 | 1.5 | 2 |
Major debt restructuring for both Cyprus and Greece will probably force the struggling euro zone countries to leave the single currency, according to Citigroup's latest economic outlook, which warned markets could again be hit by escalating fears.
Stocks on both sides of the Atlantic have remained relatively sanguine in March as the so-called Troika (the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund) agreed to give Cyprus a 10 billion euro ($13 billion) bailout. The country also imposed credit controls and a levy on large deposits.
But the story is far from over, according to Citi, with the euro area's economic prospects remaining far from healthy.
(Read More: Cyprus Bailout in Danger as Opposition Grows)
"We continue to assume that Greece and Cyprus will leave EMU (European Monetary Union) over time," Citi said in the note published late Wednesday.
"We expect the euro area to stay in recession for this year and 2014 - with deep recessions in most periphery countries - and with further episodic flare ups of financial market tensions."
Cyprus at some stage will probably undergo its first restructuring of sovereign debt, which could put its place in the monetary union in jeopardy, Citi added. This could be prompted by a collective recognition that severe economic weakness will throw the current reform program badly off track or by a political decision in Cyprus to abandon the Troika's plan.
Germany's parliament backed the bailout for Cyprus by a large majority on Thursday but concerns still remain with the Cypriot parliament set to vote on the final package. Cyprus' attorney general, Petros Clerides, released details of an unscheduled vote on Wednesday, according to Reuters, with early signs that nearly half the members of the 56-seat parliament may oppose the bailout.
(Read More: German Parliament Backs Cyprus Bailout)
The Cypriot Greens Party, with just one member in parliament, became the first to openly announce its intentions to reject the deal.
"There are numerous possible triggers that could cause market strains to escalate again. But even if financial tensions do not worsen further, we expect that the ECB (European Central Bank) will soon cut rates again, probably at the May meeting," Citi said.
The bank believes that various "credit easing measures" could come into play as central banks and regulators take a more lenient view on the indebted nations. Strict austerity measures in the euro zone have received growing attention this week with EU Economic and Monetary Affairs Commissioner Olli Rehn telling Reuters on Thursday that budgetary belt-tightening could be slowed to help reinvigorate economic growth.
(Read More: Troika 'Blackmailing' Greece: Opposition Party)
Spain and Italy won't escape unscathed, according to Citi, with a continuing vicious circle between poor bank credit availability, economic weakness and rising unemployment in most peripheral countries.
"Italy and Spain eventually will enter some form of ESM (European Stability Mechanism) program this year. Some restructuring of government debts and/or bank liabilities remains likely in a range of countries over time, including Portugal, Cyprus, Italy, Spain and Ireland," Citi said.
—By CNBC.com's Matt Clinch; Follow him on Twitter @mattclinch81 | <urn:uuid:97376fa4-adb7-44b1-9b72-9aa4ebae7934> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnbc.com/id/100655982 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00442-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955982 | 670 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Australia Cricketers To Make "Barefoot Circle" Anti-Racism Gesture In India Series
Pat Cummins said the men's team would introduce it for the India series, which gets under way on November 27, and make it a regular pre-match ritual at the start of a series.
- Australia will form a "barefoot circle" before upcoming series vs India
- Cummins said the decision came after discussions within the team
- The series against India gets underway on November 27
The Australian men's cricket team will form a "barefoot circle" before the upcoming series against India to demonstrate opposition to racism and celebrate Aboriginal culture, vice-captain Pat Cummins said Monday. Cummins said the decision came after discussions within the team, which was criticised by West Indies great Michael Holding for not taking a knee during a tour of England in September. The practice of gathering barefoot on the pitch before a series was introduced by the Australian women's team this year at the urging of all-rounder Ashleigh Gardner, who has Aboriginal heritage.
Pat Cummins said the men's team would introduce it for the India tour, which gets under way on November 27, and make it a regular pre-match ritual at the start of a series.
"We think it's really important to do our bit and we've decided to do the barefoot circle," he told reporters in a conference call.
"Not only as a sport, but we as people are absolutely against racism.
"I think we could probably put our hands up and say we haven't done enough in the past and we want to get better, so this is one small thing we're going to introduce this summer."
The act of placing a knee on the ground was made famous by former American NFL quarterback Colin Kaepernick, who first did so in 2016 to protest police brutality against Black people and other minorities.
Cummins said Australia's cricketers instead chose the barefoot circle because of its nod to Aboriginal culture.
"In Australia, we think the most marginalised group is the First Nations people, the indigenous people," he said.
"We think the barefoot circle is a great way to celebrate them. Some people might want to take the knee and show it (support) in different ways, we're absolutely all for that."
Australia coach Justin Langer was stung by Holding's criticism and said at the time that his team wanted to send a "sustained and powerful" message against racism. | <urn:uuid:69d5c007-d2e5-4cfd-ad76-c2ea6abe30eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sports.ndtv.com/australia-vs-india-2020-21/australia-vs-india-australian-cricketers-to-make-barefoot-circle-anti-racism-gesture-2325700 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00672.warc.gz | en | 0.977241 | 517 | 1.726563 | 2 |
<meta charset="utf-8" />
Hip resurfacing surgery
What's the hip resurfacing?
Hip resurfacing is a form of surgery to repair weakened hip joints. The oval head of the thigh bone (the femoral head) passes smoothly inside the circular socket of the hip bone in the hip joint. Normally, the socket is coated with cartilage, which allows the bones to pass smoothly. When this joint is broken, moving the femoral head may cause discomfort when the bones scrape together abnormally. Your surgeon makes an incision during the resurfacing of the hip bone and thighbone. Next, he or she trims and covers the femoral head with a flat metal coating. Your surgeon also removes the section of the broken bone from the hip bone joint and replaces it with a metal shell.
What condition needs hip resurfacing surgery?
Osteoarthritis (most common), Injury or fracture of the hip joint, Bone tumor in the hip joint, Rheumatoid arthritis, and Osteonecrosis are the medical conditions usually needed for hip resurfacing surgery.
What is hip replacement surgery?
Total hip replacement surgery requires replacing the hip joint with an artificial joint consisting of metal, plastic or ceramic material. The specialist can make a six-to ten-inch incision on the side or back of the hip. Materials used to make the artificial joints are durable and designed to last a long time inside the body.
How long am I going to stay in the hospital following hip resurfacing surgery?
Usually, you stay in the hospital one or three days after surgery, based on how well you advance in physical therapy. When you're able to walk longer distances and make steady improvements, you'll be happy to go home.
When can I have a shower or a bath?
Many people shower on the second day of surgery and are still in the hospital. You can need a shower seat and a portable showerhead when you get home to help you bathe easily and securely. You will also be advised by your physician to cover your incision while you bathe.
How am I supposed to know if my incision is infected?
You will find discolored skin following surgery, some bleeding and drainage around the incision. It's usually here. You may have an infection if you feel uncomfortable redness, irregular swelling, or dark, bad-smelling leakage from the incision.
How am I expected to sleep at night and keep my hips secure and comfortable?
It can help keep the hip secure and stable by placing a cushion between the thighs. Depending on what makes you feel relaxed, you may sleep on your back or either side.
What kind of activity can I stop after surgery?
You should eventually return to daily routines, however. To avoid particular positions that could bring tension to your new joint, you will be advised by your joint replacement treatment team. Stop high-impact sports, and before engaging in a new workout regimen or a physically taxing activity, contact the physician. | <urn:uuid:f317dafc-5a84-4149-9226-df60d81cf74c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://meddco.com/blog/articles/hip-resurfacing-provides-return-to-active-life | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.937516 | 621 | 2.609375 | 3 |
|César Domínguez||The South European Orient: A Comparative Reflection on Space in Literary History |
Whereas the role of space in literary narrative has been frequently studied, its functions in literary historiography have attracted scant attention. Focusing on 19th century French literary histories from a comparatist perspective, this essay examines how literary historiography attributes a literature's identity, like a hero in a novel, largely to the production and consumption of space. The essay is intended as a contribution to the developing field of literary geography. Many historical studies in the nineteenth century portrayed Spain as the "Orient" of Europe and the south of Spain as the "Orient" of Spain. Similar patterns can be found in accounts of the literatures of the Italian and Balkan Peninsulas. Literary histories have traditionally been based on the supposed authenticity of national literary borders; their contradictions and shortcomings are revealed by the transnational thinking and geocultural perspective of modern comparative literature. The essay concludes with a summary of my main remarks on the global pattern encompassing these local literary areas.
|Gillen D'Arcy Wood||The Female Penseroso: Anna Seward, Sociable Poetry, and the Handelian Consensus |
This article examines the dispute between Anna Seward and William Cowper over the 1784 Handel Commemoration in Westminster Abbey as a symptom of their allegiance to two distinct cultures of poetry. In broader terms, representing Seward's poetics as "Handelian," that is, modeled on the sociable rituals of music culture, and adhering specifically to the nationalist consensus surrounding Handel's oratorios, clarifies her contempt for Cowper, whose proto-romantic narrative of "retreat" and satiric "misanthropy" constructs a newly fashionably anti-social persona. What Seward calls Cowper's "egotism" likewise belongs to the cultural politics of the new periodicals, which deliberately set themselves against the Augustan traditions of sociable (and, implicitly, effeminized) art, and displayed contempt for Seward's literary-musical salons at Batheaston and Lichfield.
|Tilottama Rajan||"The Prose of the World": Romanticism, the Nineteenth Century, and the Reorganization of Knowledge|
|Peter Zusi||Toward a Genealogy of Modernism: Herder, Nietzsche, History |
J. G. Herder and Friedrich Nietzsche are commonly associated with the foundation of historicism and modernism, respectively, as major discourses within European culture. Thus they appear as fundamentally opposed thinkers: for modernism explicitly rejected the "turn to the past" that historicism understood as vital. Nonetheless, there are surprisingly extensive parallels between Herder and Nietzsche. The present article explores how both use vitalist rhetoric to critique decadence and "formalist" thought. It argues that such parallels reveal more than just an under-acknowledged affinity between two otherwise very different thinkers. For historicism emerges not as the "opposite" of modernism, but rather as its prevenient stage: Herder's historicist critique of formalism lays conceptual foundations for much of Nietzsche's modernist critique of historicism.
|Gordon Braden||Dido's Daughters: Literacy, Gender, and Empire in Early Modern England and France by Margaret Ferguson|
|Leah Marcus||Shakespeare and the Origins of English by Neil Rhodes|
|James Kuzner||Religious Ideology and Cultural Fantasy: Catholic and Anti-Catholic Discourses in Early Modern England by Arthur F. Marotti|
|Clifford Siskin||The Historical Austen by William H. Galperin|
|James Kincaid||A Cultural History of Causality by Stephen Kern|
|Michael North||The Modern Movement by Chris Baldick|
|Monika Kaup||Redreaming America: Toward a Bilingual American Culture by Debra A. Castillo|
Modern Language Quarterly | Department of English, Box 354330 |
University of Washington | Seattle, WA 98195-4430 | <urn:uuid:1323e43e-2489-4f97-a7b0-95e56a81c372> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://depts.washington.edu/mlq/contents/contents.php?id=67.4 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903655 | 851 | 2.375 | 2 |
Hand of Hysteria: The Bipartite Body of the Brothers Quay Amir Mogharabi August 2007 Feature Articles Issue 44 The desire to animate, or give life to, what is otherwise lifeless is a tendency rooted originally in human interactions between interiority and exteriority, invisibility and visibility. Furthermore, it is out of the distinction between these two facets of the world, and man in the world, that puppetry, or autonomisation of inanimate matter, is born. Puppetry has traditionally served as a visible means of materializing the world of the fantastic, of the invisible. Through the interplay between what is animated and that which animates, fantasy is represented by the illusory sovereignty of objects that are metaphysically connected (within the world of the puppet) by the physical beings on which they depend for the spontaneity and efficacy of these illusions. The metaphysical world of the puppet is the physical world of the human. The metaphysical world of the human is depicted by the puppet. It is vis-à-vis the animate agent that the object sublimates into a fictitious form, or representation, of subjectivity, and it is vis-à-vis this representation that the fundamental nature of human subjectivity has been recreated in the past. Puppet animation is, as Suzanne Buchan notes, “by default associated with folklore traditions” (1) and the attempt to signify the religious, metaphysical and moral foundations of mankind, through puppetry, can be identified originally in the ancient tradition of Indonesian shadow puppetry. By employing a simple skein consisting of an oil lamp, intricately detailed cut-outs of fantastic figures, and cloth or canvas as a backdrop, Indonesian puppeteers portray mythical tales of the duality between the two distinct dominions of morality: good and evil. Posited originally by early Zoroastrian philosophy, the distinction between good and evil is emblematic of a primordial attempt to create an invisible system that precedes, and characterizes, human existence. It is the function of Indonesian folklore then, by animating inanimate figures, to portray this invisibility through a moral narrative that figuratively symbolizes its participants. The hand-crafted puppets cast shadows upon the canvas, and participate in the configuration of a basic dispositif where light, figure and shadow simultaneously coalesce to create a visible narrative from which the human figure is excluded. For Michel Foucault, visibility does not refer to light as an original source for the illumination of pre-existing objects. It is, instead, made up of lines of light that form variable figures inseparable from an apparatus (a dispositif). Each apparatus has its regimen of light, the way it falls, softens and spreads, distributing the visible and the invisible, generating or eliminating an object. (2) Through puppetry however, one can say that it is the human subject who is eliminated, who is an invisible trace, who is ultimately the metaphysical correlate of the puppet world; and, as mentioned, it is often the role of the puppet world to portray an invisible correlate of the human world. Thus, puppetry distributes the visible and the invisible in a special way. It has the privileged status of being the apparatus through which the human subject is rendered perdu, generating the interplay between its constituent parts responsible for the illusory quality of identity in the inanimate. The distinction between visibility and invisibility, in Indonesian shadow puppetry, is further supported by a philological analysis of the traditional term “Wayang Kulit”, used to describe Javanese shadow plays. The title “Wayang Kulit” derives from two terms: bayang meaning shadow or imagination and kulit meaning skin. The duality, therefore, between the anatomical body and the fantasized, or imaginary, body is already inherent in one of the earliest terms used to nominate the world of the puppet. The complicated cut-outs used as figures in these early plays are literally made out of skin (kulit), or hide, and it is through the projection of these anatomical bodies onto the blank canvas that the imaginary bodies of the narrative are entertained. The shadows are projections, or images, of their anatomical complements. Shortly following the advent of cinema and the movement image, film was employed as a means for further developing the magical quality of puppetry as attempted by folkloric plays. Film presented itself as the perfect medium for portraying otherwise lifeless objects as autonomous and alive. By employing the complex cinematographic technique of stop-motion animation, the director could manipulate the motion of inanimate objects while simultaneously disappearing from the frame. Moving the intended object in between recorded frames, and then removing himself from the foreground during recorded scenes, the director could produce the illusion of movement, and therefore of life, in figures that are otherwise static. The fragmentation of time into a distinct series of divided images is what gives the filmic medium the potential to be magical. By chopping the continuous flux of the visual field into individual frames, the potential for utilizing the space in-between the frames becomes apparent. What hides in between the frames, what is responsible for affecting the motion within the frames, ultimately remains the undisclosed magician, the invisible agent. Therefore, the physical body of the human can completely disappear while contemporarily leaving traces upon the inanimate characters for which it is the guiding force, the god if you will, the creator of life. Immediately recognizing the alchemical potential of cinema and æsthetic anthropomorphisms, certain animators, notably Ladislas Starevich, began to experiment with animation techniques at the same time film came to be considered an expressive medium. Starevich paved the way for the Polish- and Czech-dominated animation traditions, which came to characterize the most common, and obscure, forms of contemporary animation. The work of the prominent surrealist Czech animator Jan Švankmajer is particularly influenced by his Eastern-European predecessors. Although Starevich was especially preoccupied with humanizing, through movement and narrative, the actions of insects, animals and amphibians, Švankmajer diverged from these interests, while at the same time remaining faithful to the anthropomorphic techniques Starevich invented. Jan Švankmajer used stop-motion animation primarily as a medium for dissolving disparities between facets of human life that are otherwise impossible to unify in a real, a-cinematographic context. In a film entitled Možnosti dialogu (Dimensions of Dialogue, 1982), Švankmajer employs techniques mirroring paintings by Arcimboldo through which the distinction between masculine and feminine sexuality is ruptured. Jouissance as asexual and undifferentiated is portrayed through the dissolution of a clay male figure into a female body. In other films, the difference between the anatomical and imaginary body is explicitly eliminated as pieces of raw meat awake from their slumber and begin to dance around the dinner table. Psychoanalytic notions of sexuality and fantasy, both items of invisibility, were therefore introduced into the medium. Considering the privileged status of puppetry/animation as a vehicle for representing and producing dialectic between the visible and invisible, phenomenon and epiphenomenon, psychoanalytic principles could be effectively portrayed. Again, adhering to the folkloric tradition of puppetry as responsible for depicting something fundamental, but invisible, to the subjective nature of man, so stop-motion animation became a means of representing the invisible structure of the human psyche. Two especially profound and enigmatic figures followed the Eastern-Europeans, recognizing puppetry and stop-motion animation as fertile terrain for their visual and lyrical imaginations in this way. Influenced highly by Jan Švankmajer, filmmakers Stephen and Timothy Quay are twin brothers from Pennsylvania who settled in England more than thirty years ago. Combining artistic and literary influences from Art Brut to Robert Walser, the Brothers Quay create an elusive, poetic world of puppetry that does not readily lend itself to interpretation. “We want to make a world that is seen through a dirty plane of glass” (3), they profess while discussing the interaction between cinematography and animation in their work. For anyone familiar with their images, the opacity inherent in their analysis is rendered evident when one attempts to classify their films, to subsume them under a pre-determined system of cinematographic and literary styles. It seems impossible. It appears that all their films address a certain ‘plurality of margins’, precisely because they deny all forms of distinct classification, because they transgress margins. The world from out of which their uncanny characters emerge is one created by the subtleties of the characters themselves, a world “that is totally self-sufficient in its freakiness”. As Suzanne Buchan notes, “their imagery obeys the enigmatic laws of their idiosyncratic cinematic universe” (4). As such, there is a difficulty in analysing their “poetry of shadowy encounters and almost conspiratorial secretness”. An attempt at doing so generally evades the secrecy the films are about. To define the secrecy of an object is to disclose what makes it a secret. We can, thus, approach the films of the Brothers Quay through this very idea of secrecy as apparent – not as an attempt to delineate the semantics of their secrecy, but to see their films as representations of secret elements in the meta narrative of life and death, films that are secretive in themselves. When discussing the ‘secret order of things’ in their work, the Brothers Quay see the discordant objects they portray as ‘distinct emblems’ belonging to the same occulted universe of secrecy. This universe, then, is set into motion by taking static objects, and rendering them subjective and dynamic. It is “their initial banality that allows them to be fulfilled, to take on another life, to free themselves of their own geographies” (5). In freeing themselves from the material conventions to which they naturally adhere, the objects in the Quay films rise to “reveal subjectivity within an objective system”. It is this revelatory function of the figures in the Quays’ work that is ironically the simultaneous function of the secretive. By revealing a hidden subjectivity in objects that are originally lifeless, they expose us to a secret world of alchemy and animation, to the potentiality of life in the lifeless, to the undisclosed magic of the disclosed object. [You] accept their [the objects] very physicalities palpably as objectified dream or as music, and it’s at this point that you can convey compound zones, darker ranges, deeper possibilities as well as perpetuate other narratives, other secret liberties. (6) The objects themselves are familiar, but their actions are alien to their form; they display the secret motions of the motionless that. In this way, a general statement can be made about the impression the Quay films leave on the spectator. Their work hints at a special intimacy, at unheimlich, at “that species of the frightening that goes back to what was once well known and had long been familiar” (7). Before indicating the role of the uncanny in the Quay films, it is important to notice their general tendency to symbolize the secrecy of psychoanalysis, the hidden topography of unconscious desire, through the secrecy of objects. Their work displays a veiled erotic psychopathology that, for the brothers, figures forth by animating the inanimate. In distinguishing between puppets and humans, the Brothers Quay think, following the tradition of Heinrich von Kleist, “a puppet can achieve other things, on a more symbolic level” (8). It is safe to say that the objects and puppets in the Quay films often serve as a symbol for a function of invisibility in the human mind. The Quays “stir up mnemonics of sublimated and unconscious obsession” (9). Even structurally their work is an isomorphism for the topography of the human psyche. This is portrayed explicitly in Rehearsals for Extinct Anatomies (1988) where the camera discursively pans from a pallid, white, organized room to a dark, messy, sick room down below, possibly symbolizing the basic separation between conscious and unconscious desire. Furthermore, the sets for their films are consistently structured like a labyrinth, mirroring the intricacies and topographical organization of the mind. The camera makes its way through an architecture of drawers, openings and holes in walls which are characteristic Quay representations of entrances and thresholds between the various dominions of the human psyche. The camera’s transgression of these boundaries can be considered the structural/cinematographic equivalent of sublimation itself. That is, by cinematographically transferring from one realm of the illustrated mind to the next, the camera assumes the motion of sublimation, the transference and reformation of psychic energy between unconscious and conscious states. In approaching psychoanalysis through puppetry, the brothers by default deal with the quality fundamental to an experience of the uncanny: the blurring of the distinction between the animate and the inanimate. Streets of Crocodiles (1987) begins with a very important scene in which the hand of a human figure liberates a puppet, and its surrounding objects, from an ontological dependency on the human world, by cutting the strings attached to its limbs. These strings are symbolic of the connection between the inanimate and the animate, symbolic of the impossible sovereignty of inanimate objects. It is their severing that indicates the autonomisation of lifeless matter, and also reflects what cinema instead made possible: the illusory elimination of the human subject in the actualisation of the inanimate. This is a cinematic expression of Bruno Schulz’s generatio aequivoca, “a species of beings only half organic, a kind of pseudo-fauna the result of a fantastic fermentation of matter” (10). The Brothers Quay are metaphysically responsible, and invisible, in fermenting the world of the puppet, while their puppets are simultaneously responsible for symbolizing a metaphysical model of the human psyche. This is the same dynamic, as we have seen, folkloric puppet traditions followed. For Sigmund Freud, an experience of the uncanny will almost certainly derive from the witnessing of an event in which “vague notions of automatic-mechanical processes that may lie hidden behind a familiar image” (11) are entertained. This is exactly what we encounter in Quay films, the bringing to life of familiar objects in a way that betrays our familiar impression of them. The revelation of a secret life undisclosed by them as inanimate. E. Jentsch noted a case of the uncanny in which a patient doubted “as to whether an apparently animate object really is alive and, conversely, whether a lifeless object might not perhaps be animate” (12) exemplified by wax figures, dolls and automata. Freud’s paradigmatic case of the uncanny, as manifest through automata, follows E. T. W. Hoffman’s story, “The Sand-Man”. We know that the Brothers Quay themselves were influenced by Hoffman’s tale and brought the story to life in a short dance film also entitled The Sandman (2000). Since an “uncanny effect often arises when the boundary between fantasy and reality is blurred” (13), we can say that the Brothers Quay’s œuvre is characterized by an experience of the uncanny, their work participates in the dissolution of the boundaries between real and imaginary, visible and invisible. In their film, The Comb (1990), the elements of fantasy and reality are distinctly expressed, not necessarily through a disruption of the difference between them, but as symbolized by component parts of the film. In order to recognize the apparent symbolism, it is first necessary to approach the dialectic between fantasy and reality in a very particular form of the body: that of the hysteric. In Timaeus, Plato pronounces: The matrix or womb in women […] is a living creature within them which longs to bear children. And if it is left unfertilized long beyond the normal time, it causes extreme unrest, strays about the body, blocks the channels of the breath and causes in consequence acute distress and disorders of all kinds. The platonic notion of an autonomous, unfertilised womb was used, mainly, to explain the characterization of hysteria by a radically distinct sign: the transitory notion of straying symptoms that, in their bodily localization, follow no linear law of pathology. The hysteric exhibits physical manifestations in any number of body parts, with disturbances ranging from motor to sensory maladies that appear spontaneously in seemingly unrelated parts of the body. While Plato posited the reason for the unpredictability of hysterical symptoms in something physical, namely the movement of the womb throughout the entire body, modern-day psychoanalysis claims that hysterical symptoms are rooted in a fantasy, or the exchange between a fantasy and reality. This exchange is entertained by the correspondence of a real, anatomical body with a fantasized, imaginary body to which it is concatenated. The various forms of somatic suffering therefore evident in hysteria depend on a different type of anatomy, “a highly fantasmatic one, that operates unbeknownst to the patient” (14). Hysteria is the by-product of a complicated psychic process that originates in the appearance of an unconscious sexual representation and materializes in a corporeal symptom. According to Freud’s First Theory, hysterical neurosis comes about through the pathogenic action of a psychic representation, a parasitical idea that is unconscious and strongly charged with affect. There is a preponderance of affect in the body of the hysteric, for the body of the hysteric is not his real one. It is instead a fantasized body composed entirely of pure unmitigated sensations, “opening outward like a living animal, a kind of ultra-voracious amoeba that stretches out toward the other” (15). The development of the sensationalized, fantastic body derives originally from a violent form of jouissance, or a trauma. When a child is seductively traumatized, the violence of the trauma yields an excess of affect that cannot be confronted consciously, but is instead repressed into the dominion of the unconscious. Trauma, therefore, indicates a surplus amount of unconscious affect, with a concomitant absence of the anxiety necessary for conscious transfiguration of trauma into something organized and tolerable. This surplus of affect, therefore, remains “in the ego like a cyst, constituting there the morbid generative source of future hysterical symptoms” (16). Trauma is thus no longer an event external to the body. It becomes, by means of the pathogenic actions of a psychic, internal image, an aggravating disturbance germinating within the ego itself. The ego that bears the traumatic impact of seduction is itself a psychic surface composed of various corporeal images that are organized like a fragmented, imaginary body. The hysterical ego is thus a body put together in the manner of a harlequin costume, where each diamond shape of the suit corresponds to a distorted image of a particular organ, a limb, an orifice, or some other anatomical part. (17) At the moment of the trauma, the seductive force centralizes on one of these diamonds, or fragments of the fantasized body. The excess psychic tension is then invested in this particular diamond, until it is dissociated from the rest of the images constituting the imaginary body. Hysteria is therefore an illness produced through a representation, an unconscious image dismembered from the remainder of the imaginary body, or the ego. The image is originally isolated vis-à-vis the impact of the trauma, and “it is this imprint, this image highly charged with affect, isolated, painful to the ego, that should be considered the source of the hysterical symptom” (18). Presented with the threat of this unbearable representation, the ego thereby attempts to defend, or neutralize, itself from its effects. It is, however, precisely at this point that the dismembered image takes on its full pathogenic potency. In its confrontation with the ego, it wages war against it. Yet, the more the ego attempts to struggle against the efficacy of this ostracized image, the more affective the image becomes in its isolation. It furthers itself from the homogeneity of the imaginary body, thereby fragmenting the aggregate of images by which the fantasy is composed. This defensive effort exercised by the ego is precisely what Freud refers to as repression. Repression primarily means isolation and, as long as the painful representation is isolated, “the ego will preserve within itself a latent internal psychic trauma” (19). The question remains, however, as to the process through which this internalised trauma re-emerges as a physical manifestation in the anatomical correlate of the imaginary body. We have, therefore, a conflict within the ego between an isolated image seeking to discharge its excess amount of affect and the forces of repression countering this attempt. In order to evade repression, a transformation, or conversion, of energy from a primary to a secondary state occurs. The over-investment of the affected image transubstantiates from a highly charged primary state to a burdensome secondary state of physical suffering, as a painful hypersensitivity or a sensory-motor inhibition. Thus the transitory symptoms of the hysteric, which follow no regulatory pathological principles, are originally rooted in the dialectic between a fantasized (invisible, imaginary) body and an anatomical (visible, real) one. The insoluble conflict born out of an original trauma can only lead to the repression of the image of the affected organ and “its subsequent projection onto the eye, ear, or nose: a projection or displacement that explains – at the very basis of the phenomenon – the hyperbolic valorization of the organs of the senses and the dramatization of their functions” (20). In the late 1800s, the development of psychology paralleled the development of photography. A neurologist by the name of Jean-Martin Charcot established himself at the notoriously known Salpetriere clinic in France where, through the photographic medium, he attempted to objectify the symptoms of hysteria by capturing images of women at the apotheosis of their conditions, in catatonic states, during epileptic fits and attitudes passionnelles as Charcot named them. In Iconographie photographique de la Salpetriere and Nouvelle Iconographie de la Salpetriere, Charcot presents a large collection of photographs purporting to represent the anomalous anatomical body of the hysteric, thereby conventionalising the manifest symptoms and allowing successive generations of psychologists to identify these symptoms in relation to classifications that Charcot created. Although the validity and efficacy of Charcot’s project is consistently put into doubt, the fact that Charcot tried to mimetically delineate and secure the wandering symptoms of hysteria through photographing the anatomical correlate of the hysteric’s bipartite body is certain. In discussing the fantasized body of the hysteric, however, Hans Bellmer notes that it is not the task of photography, and furthermore it is an impossibility vis-à-vis mimesis, to depict the imaginary Harlequin costume that participates in an intimate relation with it. Stop-motion animation, however, and puppetry in general, as discussed earlier, has the privileged status of the modern genre by which the fantastic is effectively portrayed. The Brothers Quay consistently symbolize the distinction between anatomical bodies and fantasized ones, explicitly shown in films like Streets of Crocodiles, in which a series of fantastic, articulated dolls stride over antique anatomical diagrams of the human body while stopping to dissect a human liver on a miniature table placed amongst the diagrams. Specifically, in The Comb, the two portions of the hysteric’s body are treated symbolically. The Brothers Quay do not attempt to mimetically portray the fantastic facet of the hysterical body. Instead, through the symbolic function of their objects and dolls, they emblematise it, and, by way of the motion of the camera itself, present the abstract exchange between fantasy and reality involved in repression and conversion. The Comb begins with a caption: “From the Museum of Sleep”. The viewer is immediately led into a room, specifically with the shot of a comb placed upon a dresser. The setting is originally dark and nebulous, filmed in black and white. The camera pans away from the comb to the image of a bed placed in the corner of the frame. From the periphery of the shot, emerges an arm that extends its hand from off the bed into the centre of the frame. The hand tremors uncontrollably. The camera then moves outward, revealing the entire room. It resembles a room in an asylum, in a hospital with an anæmic pallor that hints at the spookiness of a sanatorium. Upon the bed lays Sleeping Woman (J. Constaninides), her body contorted in an awkward position with the one arm extended outward toward the comb. She is covered in white sheets and disturbing sounds of sick patients permeate through the walls. The setting mirrors exactly the images Jean-Martin Charcot reproduced of hysterical women in his institution. From the monochromatic milieu to the awkward anatomy of the patient displayed on the sick bed, it is nearly identical in content to the uncanny photographs presented in the Iconographie Photographique. Therefore, mimicking Charcot’s project, The Comb begins by depicting the anatomical body of the hysteric. We immediately move from this scene, in towards Sleeping Woman on the bed, and suddenly emerge upon a barren, but colourful, surrealist landscape. The camera then recedes and reveals its position in a hallway looking out onto this horizon. Continuing its regressive movement, the camera stops at the end of the hall, furthest from the opening out onto the expanse, and turns to display a series of floors connected by ladders. Combining the Freudian notion of dreaming as the visual manifestations of unconscious conflict, and the topographical similarity between the levels of psychic thought and the labyrinth-like sets of the Brothers Quay, we can assume that the camera has introduced us to the secret setting of the sleeping patient’s unconscious thoughts. The camera then quickly pans downward to an articulated doll at the bottom level, holding on to one of the ladders leading upward. The disjointed doll is the symbolic equivalent of the fragmented and fantasized body. The photographic eye zooms specifically onto the hands of the doll, which immediately detach themselves and autonomously carry the ladder away from the remaining portion of the fantasized doll body. The hands, in this instance, can be considered the particular image of the organ in which affect is invested, thereby causing the image to disassociate itself from the rest of the fantasy. Hysteria, as we have seen, is an illness produced through a representation, an unconscious image dismembered from the remainder of the imaginary body, or the ego. It is for this reason that, following an introduction of the psychic scene, the camera continuously alternates between the ticking hand of the anatomical body and the detached hand of the doll’s body. In doing so, it inherently presents the intimate relationship between the two, the affective influence of one upon the other. In discussing the isolation of the image through repression, and its return as somatic symptoms through conversion, psychoanalysis simply asserts the existence of these two causally related motions. It does not, however, express the medium through which repression and conversion are actualised. That is, psychoanalysis does not identify the abstract vehicle responsible for repressing the detached image, nor does it articulate the medium responsible for converting this image from a primary psychological state to a secondary corporeal one. In The Comb, however, it is the camera itself that acts as the medium through which repression and conversion are expressed. We have a representation of the anatomical body as presented by Sleeping Woman on the hospital bed, and a symbolic equivalent of the fantasized body as expressed by the wandering doll. It is the invisible camera that is responsible, through cinematographic techniques, for assuming the role of the invisible medium that transfers the affective displacement of energy from one body to the next. The camera’s eye is, in this instance, an epiphenomenon that does not portray movement, but is psychic movement itself. Cinematographically, there is no rigidity when observing the camera’s motions. It fluidly alternates between panning scenes of levels of unconscious thought, and the singular room in which the woman to whom those thoughts belong sleeps. It is the abstract medium responsible for affectively connecting fantasy and reality. The camera as repression is explicitly observed when it shifts quickly in towards the physical shaking hand (manifest symptom), to a pursuit of the hand detached from the fantastic doll. The pursuit itself, as assumed by the movement of the camera, is repression. Pushing the pursued, affected, organ image further and further away from its complimentary, imagistic whole, the camera becomes the motivating force for isolating the fragment. This is precisely, as noted, the function of repression. It is to isolate, to push the detached image of the fragmented body even further away. The camera as conversion is explicitly observed when, following its continued chasing away of the hand attached to the ladder, the transformation from the primary to secondary state occurs as the doll hand forces the ladder up through the innards of another doll, displaying a variety of bloody organs. The camera, following the hand’s action, then immediately transgresses the boundary between the invisible reality of the woman’s psyche, and spontaneously appears in front of her anatomical hand again, at which point it continues to shake convulsively. At the end of The Comb, the dislocated hand of the fragmented doll returns to associate itself with the body from which it was originally detached. Slowly, Sleeping Woman then rises from her torpor and approaches the comb we see in the first scene. She picks it up with the hand that was initially affected by the hysterical symptom, and begins to stroke her hair with it. The film ends quietly. If the woman’s hand still exhibited the epileptic symptoms that we were previously presented with, then she would not be able to perform such an action so peacefully. The comb itself, therefore, is an object that symbolizes the threshold between sanity and hysteria. The functionality of the comb is rendered obsolete if the hand responsible for using it is afflicted by an involuntary symptom that denies the possibility of actualising the comb’s function. The comb presents the potential for participating in an act, namely combing, requiring a hand that can wilfully assume the responsibility of performing the act. Upon following the fantasized hand back to its original position on the arm of the fragmented doll, the hand of the hysterical woman is simultaneously resurrected as functional, and she voluntarily rises to use the comb that symbolically determined her position as hysteric. By using it, she is, in a sense, cured. Modern psychoanalysis posits re-assimilating the isolated image of the imaginary body, once it is detached through repression, as an impossibility. The imaginary, fantasized body is prioritised over the real, anatomical body in that it exercises its potency over the physical. Although somatic symptoms can be alleviated, through therapy and analysis, the power of the isolated image evades a complete unification with the fantasy from which it escaped. Furthermore, the physical body cannot reverse this potency and effectively unify the status of the imaginary because the physical simply cannot shape the metaphysical. While it is our ideas and thoughts that are ultimately responsible for delineating the coordinates of each metaphysical system, we cannot reach out with our hands and physically mould such a system like clay. Through stop-motion animation and puppetry, however, as we have seen, the relationship is reversed. The physical world of the human is invisibly responsible for shaping and determining the fantasized world of the puppet. The human being is the metaphysical correlate of the puppet world. The puppetry of the Brothers Quay, therefore, represents a reverse form of hysteria, in which the anatomical body affectively constructs and animates the fragmented body. Cinema is the medium through which the Brothers work. Simultaneously, cinema is the medium through which an impossibility inherent in psychoanalysis is surmounted. It is via the cinematic conventions of stop-motion animation that the Brothers Quay can liberate themselves from the restrictions of a psychic reality, allowing their hands to physically entertain the fantastic, while contemporarily allowing the imaginary hand of the hysteric to return to its whole. Other Sources Georges Didi-Huberman, Invention of Hysteria (London: MIT Press, 2003). Sigmund Freud and Josef Breuer, Studies on Hysteria (New York: Basic Books, 2000). Sander Gilman, Hysteria Beyond Freud: The Image of the Hysteric (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993). James Rose, “Stephen and Timothy Quay”, Senses of Cinema: Great Directors, a Critical Database, no. 30, January–March 2004. Endnotes Suzanne Buchan, “The Quay Brothers: Choreographed Chiaroscuro, Enigmatic and Sublime”, Film Quarterly, Spring 1998, pp. 2-15. Quoted in Gilles Deleuze, Two Regimes of Madness (New York: Semiotext(e), 2006). André Habib, “Through a Glass Darkly – Interview with the Brothers Quay”, Senses of Cinema, no. 19, March–April 2002. Buchan, p. 6. Ibid, p. 8. Ibid, p. 14. Sigmund Freud, The Uncanny (New York: Penguin. 2003), p. 124. Buchan, p. 4. Ibid. Ibid, p. 6. Freud, p. 135. Ibid. Ibid, p. 151. Juan-David Nasio, Hysteria From Freud to Lacan (New York: The Other Press, 1998), p. 25. Ibid, p. 7. Ibid, p. 14. Ibid, p. 15. Ibid, p. 16. Ibid, p. 17. Hans Bellmer, Little Anatomy of the Physical Unconscious (Vermont: Dominion, 2004), p. 9. | <urn:uuid:761ec9a7-1f6f-4de5-a6fe-a0392ca72a51> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.sensesofcinema.com/2007/feature-articles/brothers-quay/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573699.52/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819131019-20220819161019-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.935452 | 7,105 | 2.140625 | 2 |
State Pension age could be reviewed due to pandemic says expert
We use your sign-up to provide content in ways you’ve consented to and to improve our understanding of you. This may include adverts from us and 3rd parties based on our understanding. You can unsubscribe at any time. More info
A review into the state pension age timetable has been launched by the Department for Work and Pensions (DWP) with potentially major implications. If recommendations are taken up, it could mean 68 becomes the state pension age sooner than currently planned. Currently, the state pension age is 66, but this is guaranteed to rise in the coming years.
Adrian Lowery, personal finance expert at Bestinvest, explained the review, and what is likely implications are.
He said: “The Department for Work and Pensions is taking another look at the issue of when the increase in state pension age to 68 should kick in.
“Both men and women’s state pension ages are currently 66, and between 2026 and 2028 they will both rise to 67.
“The increase to age 68 is currently scheduled to happen between 2044 and 2046, which would affect those born on or after April 1977.”
A Government review has already made recommendations to bring this forward to 2037 to 2039.
This is as a result of factors such as life expectancy which has fluctuated in recent years.
However, it also considered projected costs to the Treasury as well as labour market trends.
Mr Lowery continued: “This would mean people born from the early 1970s onwards face a later state pension age.
Free bus pass may be affected due to state pension age change [INSIGHT]
DWP could check your social media and bank accounts this new year [LATEST]
Pension warning as many Britons could be hit by Rishi Sunak’s 55% tax [ANALYSIS]
“In turn, this could force a delay in retirement for those cohorts.
“However, there is also speculation that slowing gains in life expectancy will prevent the current review recommending the controversial step.”
The review is scheduled to last for a while, and, in accordance with the law, it must be published by May 7, 2023.
The Government has said the latest state pension age review will consider evidence from across the UK.
It will consider differences across countries and regions, including Northern Ireland.
It is also set to consider the “effects for individuals with different characteristics and opportunities, including those at risk of disadvantage”.
However, one expert has recently argued the Government’s plans may be “blown out of the water” as forecasted increases in life expectancies have failed to materialise.
Projections by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) in 2014 suggested a 66-year-old woman today could expect to live, on average, to around 89.
What is happening where you live? Find out by adding your postcode or visit InYourArea
But projections based in 2018 now expect the same woman only to live to around 87.
The firm Lane Clark Peacock (LCP) has therefore asserted it will be “very difficult” for the Government to justify a rapid increase to the state pension age.
Sir Steve Webb, partner at LCP, said: “Pension ages for men and women reached 66 only last year, and there is now no case for yet another increase so soon.”
A DWP spokesperson recently told Express.co.uk: “The state pension continues to provide the foundation for retirement planning and financial security in older age.
“The Government is required by law to regularly review state pension age and has just announced the beginning of the second state pension age review.
“The Review will consider whether the rules around state pension age are appropriate, based on a wide range of evidence including latest life expectancy data.”
Source: Read Full Article | <urn:uuid:8ce2b536-af23-4ab7-b442-66485a78c697> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://protechlove.com/user/state-pension-alert-you-may-have-to-retire-later-as-dwp-launches-vital-review/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.970673 | 835 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No saved queries yet
Save your SQL queries to embed, download, and access them later. Queries will appear here once saved.