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By Myriah Lipke August 9, 2019
A common question we receive from clients is determining appropriate ways to communicate about wealth and finances to the next generations. This question spans all age groups from parents and grandparents who want to teach the concept of saving to young children, to talking to adult children about estate planning and wealth transfer. Why have these discussions at all? After all, money Can’t Buy Me Love. However, it is important because money affects practically every part of our lives, from our well-being, to the decisions and options we have in the future. Becoming fluent in the language of our consumer society will only help our children and grandchildren harness opportunity and live their best lives. This article breaks down communicating wealth and financial concepts to the next generations at each major stage.
When I was 6 years old, my grandmother came to our house for one of her regular visits. Typically, she had a small gift or treat for me hidden in her pocketbook, but this time she presented me with her latest creation from a painting class she was taking. It was a plump milky-white ceramic piggy bank with long eyelashes, a painted pink bow around its neck, and on the side in magenta letters was my name in my grandmother’s hallmark calligraphy. It instantly became my most cherished possession. Before long, the piggy bank was the centerpiece of my bedroom and finding coins to feed her was my regular pastime, searching along sidewalks, under couch cushions, and performing chores for my newly established allowance.
The conversations or actions we begin with children can be as simple as a gift of a piggy bank or as in depth as a discussion about interest and compounding. These conversations don’t have to feel like complex investing concepts, rather you can start with a discussion of family values surrounding money and why dedication and hard work is important. Relating the concept of hard work to school, a sport, or an instrument can be the foundation. This naturally leads to getting paid for work, such as beginning a chore-based allowance. This is a great time to start the conversation about saving. From the very beginning, teach your child or grandchild the habit of saving a portion of his/her allowance for the future. Giving a child the opportunity to work, save, and earn a coveted item is a powerful lesson and a joyous moment to watch when they proudly step up to the cash register to make their purchase.
Once your child or grandchild understands the concept of working for money, the next step is understanding how money can work all by itself. “Did you know your money can grow bigger just like you do? You started out as a tiny cell, which became 2 cells, 4 cells, 8 and so on and now look how big you are! Your money can grow like that too!” Another example of compounding, or exponential growth, is folding a standard piece of paper. Although paper is only 0.004 inches thick, if you fold it in half the thickness doubles, and in half again – it doubles again, if you fold it a third time it’s about the thickness of a nail. After 6 folds you’re probably stuck because you don’t have enough physical force to keep folding, however if you were able to continue to just 42 folds the thickness of your paper would hit the moon! And at 103 folds your paper would be outside of the observable universe – compounding is out of this world!
Our very own Andy Herron had an entrepreneurial idea at 12 years old with his lawn mowing business – what if the first mow only cost a penny but the cost doubled each time? Although his customers would have been getting a bargain in the beginning, it only would have taken a few months for the cost to get hefty; mow number 15 would have been upwards of $163. The 28th mow would have cost more than a million dollars! Realizing he’d quickly be priced out of a job, Andy opted for the more conventional approach to pricing his middle school lawn mowing service.
Hindsight, as they say, is “20:20.” With the benefit of having experienced and seen the power of planning and compounding over the decades of their lives, we often hear clients say, “I wish I started planning earlier, how do I encourage my children/grandchildren to start saving early?” Did you know you can open a Custodial IRA as soon as you earn your first dollar? For many of us our first official jobs were as early as 14. While a teenager is typically making less money than his/her professional counterpart, most if not all their income is expendable. Paycheck number 1 is a great time to start a discussion about target saving rates. Suggest to your teen, saving at least 20% of his/her take home pay. You can teach them about automatic bank transfers into a high interest savings account, or better yet, they can open a Roth IRA and start investing. Let them know that the historical US market annual return is around 10%. That means if they invest just $50 per month beginning at 18 years old all the way until they reach age 70, they will potentially have a million dollars! But you must start young for the numbers to play out, those early years of investing are crucial for compounding to work its magic.
One way to encourage your teen child or grandchild to start investing is by creating a “family match.” While they probably won’t have access to an employer sponsored retirement account nor the matching benefits that often go along with one, you can create the same motivation to save. Suggest if they contribute to an IRA each month, you’ll match up to $25.
There are so many important discussions to have with a young person during this time. Upon graduating high school, a student is typically debt free, however, many young people are about to embark on the most expensive educational years of their lives. The misnomer of college being “good debt” makes a lot of young people ignorant to what a loan payment might look like in 4 years. Important discussions to have prior to the college selection process is how much the family can assist, and for what portion, if any, the child will be responsible. What majors/careers is he/she considering and what kind of salary can be expected upon graduation (here’s a handy site from the Bureau of Labor Statistics about job outlook and salary averages). Other strategies are estimating rent and typical utility bills, and of course what that paycheck will look like after taxes.
As your child or grandchild moves into their twenties it is time to teach them the indispensable skill of budgeting their money. If they don’t figure it out innately, help them learn to set aside money for future goals (car, house, wedding, retirement). While doing a budget with paper and a pencil, or a spreadsheet still work just as well as they used to, there are now so many electronic resources and apps to streamline the budgeting process. Encourage your child or grandchild to find their favorite. Typically, the bank they already use will have electronic resources, other popular options are Mint or YNAB.
Teach them to be cautious with credit. Once they have a career and a paycheck, countless companies will be attempting to get them to spend their future dollars by opening a line of credit, whether it’s for a house, car, electronics, furniture, you name it. Imparting this invaluable wisdom can save them from years of digging themselves out of a financial hole and jeopardizing their own retirement goals.
The twenties and thirties are also an age where parents and grandparents often find they want to determine the best way to help provide relief as children get on their own financial feet. What’s the best way to help? Pay off debt, help with a down payment toward a house, contribute toward the grandchildren’s education? Of course, there’s no one right answer, each situation is unique. One of the services we offer our clients is a complementary analysis for their children. We can help determine the best debts to pay off first, how much to set aside for their own children’s college, their retirement, among other financial concerns. An examination of finances early on can save a person from major mistakes that can negatively impact their future. Knowledge is power!
Conversations surrounding topics such as estate planning are some of the hardest financial discussions to have. Few people are comfortable talking about what will happen after they’re gone, and adult children typically want to avoid thinking about life without their loved ones. Despite the difficult and potentially awkward nature of the conversations, these are some of the most important to have.
Communicating about family wealth can pose other concerns as well. Telling children about the assets they can expect when you pass may feel like a can of worms you never want to open. On one side there may be concern you will disincentivize your children from having their own successes if they expect a windfall. On the other side you don’t want them to structure their lifestyle expecting a substantial inheritance when you have other plans of charitable giving. You also don’t want to worry your children if your plan is to spend down your assets to maintain your own lifestyle. All these concerns are valid, however, the need to communicate at least some basic information is still paramount.
You don’t have to provide specifics about net worth or what’s happening with your budget, rather you can start the discussion with a small amount of information to see how it is received. Try beginning by talking about your values surrounding money, your vision for your own life and loved ones. Later you can go deeper into your wishes for how your legacy will be received and the structure of your estate plan (such as a trust for the grandchildren’s education) or who will be the executor of your will. You can spread the discussion over multiple conversations before revealing actual amounts of funds to be expected and even then, you don’t need to provide specifics if you’re not comfortable.
Don’t overlook the basics. Be sure children know where to find important documents and that they know who to contact for questions and assistance, such as your financial advisor and attorney. If you have an estate plan and living will, be sure your loved ones know where they are located and when they were last updated. And keeping a basic list of where your assets and deeds are located can save lots of time and confusion – just make sure they know where to find the list!
In most cases it’s better to prepare your beneficiaries in advance so they can know what to expect, which gives them time to devise their own plan. You want your children to be able to manage their inherited assets successfully. Communicating your wishes and concerns is an important part of their ability to carry out your legacy.
No matter the age of your children or grandchildren, imparting the wisdom of your own stories can be one of the most powerful tools to help the next generations navigate their own paths forward. Tell them about your triumphs and tribulations regarding financial decisions. Tell them what you wish you would have known at a younger age. Break the cyclical mistakes every generation makes by sharing your own narrative with your loved ones.
At Stone Pine Financial we know these conversations are difficult and we are here to help with complementary planning sessions for our clients’ children and grandchildren. We’ve worked with clients to facilitate discussions and impart wisdom on the next generations at every stage, from younger children learning about basic investing concepts, to helping adult children prepare to step into a family leadership role. Please do not hesitate to reach out to us to discuss your family’s situation and what steps you can take to have some of these difficult but very important discussions. | <urn:uuid:32c5e9f4-dc75-4988-bff0-c0e151da2cb3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stonepinefinancial.com/2019/08/09/money-talks-with-the-next-generation/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571056.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809155137-20220809185137-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.966097 | 2,474 | 2.3125 | 2 |
The Scholarship Application Process
When is the best time to start your scholarship search? Once you’ve found scholarships to apply to, how do you keep track of all of them? What do you do after you win a scholarship? Here are some answers to your questions about the scholarship application process.
Search early. Search often.
Begin your scholarship search as early as you can in your high school career. While most scholarships are for high school seniors, there is still a vast amount available for high school juniors, sophomores, and even freshmen. You might be surprised at what you find. And the buck doesn’t stop there! Many students are unaware that there are tons of scholarship opportunities for students throughout their college career, even into graduate and post-graduate school. So just because you are already enrolled in college doesn’t mean you should stop searching for scholarships.
The best time of year to search for scholarships is any time! At any given time of year, there are plenty of scholarships with open application windows. There are, however, a slightly larger number of scholarships that expire in the spring. These scholarships tend to open for applications in the fall and winter. So if you had to pick one time of year to really buckle down and search, start in the fall and continue through the spring. Though that shouldn’t stop you from taking advantage of those summer months when you’re not in school to search for other scholarship opportunities with deadlines in the fall and winter. Long story short: Keep your search going throughout the entire year.
Some scholarship providers offer a very large window for students to submit applications, sometimes even the whole year leading up to the deadline. On the other hand, some providers only give students one month or so to submit an application. Most application windows, however, last about two to four months. Because application windows vary greatly between scholarship providers, it’s important that you keep up with your search. Searching for new scholarships at least twice a month is a good pace at which to work.
Before you start devoting time to applying for a scholarship, be sure to carefully read all the given information about the scholarship, the criteria, and what you have to do to apply. The first step is to be certain that you qualify. Applying for a scholarship that you do not qualify for not only wastes your time, but also the scholarship committee’s time. Be sure you also completely understand what you need to do to apply. If the scholarship requires a more effort than usual, then you know you will need to get started on it sooner rather than later. If you are unsure about anything, contact the provider. It’s better to get the facts straight than to make any assumptions.
Be sure to give yourself plenty of time to complete and submit your scholarship application by the deadline. This is especially important for scholarships that require more work and for those that require the help of someone else, such as those who are writing a letter of recommendation for you. (For help with letters of recommendation, check out our Letters of Recommendation resource page.)
Keep yourself organized by maintaining a tracking sheet of your scholarship activities. Whether you keep a simple handwritten list or create an elaborate chart on your computer, it will help to have a place where you can easily check and see which scholarships you’ve already applied to and which ones you still need to work on. Include helpful information such as the name of the scholarship, the organization offering it, the award amount, the website where you found the information and the application, the requirements, the deadline date, and the date that you actually applied.
Write thank-you notes.
If you win a scholarship, most scholarship providers do not require you to do anything further after they have given you the award. But it is very important to let them know how much you appreciate the gift they have given you. Write a thank-you note to the scholarship committee to tell them how grateful you are. Be sure to also specify how the scholarship will help you both in your education and in your future career. Not only is it polite, but it will also reassure the scholarship committee that they made a great choice in picking a scholarship winner.
If applying for scholarships seems like a lot of work to you, it might help to keep in mind that if you win a scholarship, all that time and effort you gave will certainly be worth it. | <urn:uuid:96cc552c-29d5-4fde-a881-ca549ae7e697> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blog.cappex.com/blog/the-scholarship-application-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00069-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959297 | 900 | 1.742188 | 2 |
The only India city on the list of top 20, Mumbai is ranked 17th ahead only of Berlin, Johannesburg and Rio de Janeiro by the UK real estate firm Savills survey that was released on Monday.
It compares the total annual cost of renting both residential and office accommodation per person in some of the world's leading cities.
London is 18 per cent more expensive than it was five years ago, and has been ranked at the top of the index since 2014.
The cost of living in the British capital comes to more than double the cost of other English-speaking cities such as Sydney, Los Angeles and Chicago.
"The highest ranking global cities, London and New York, are also the most expensive for businesses and workers to occupy... World cities can become a victim of their own success when rents rise to the point where affordability becomes an issue," said Yolande Barnes, head of Savills World Research.
"The productivity of cities and their value to global businesses clearly has a pronounced effect on demand and hence rental costs," she said.
Her research found that accommodation for the average Londoner - calculated as a total of housing and office rental costs - comes to 80,700 pounds a year, compared to 79,600 pounds in New York and 73,800 pounds in Hong Kong.
Savills puts together its study as an indicator for companies of the cost of doing business in different world cities. | <urn:uuid:84191491-d39c-42f7-b457-f9847fbe12b3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://realty.economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/residential/london-worlds-most-expensive-city-mumbai-17th-study/51239763 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00155-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.969989 | 286 | 1.882813 | 2 |
The Saxon XQuery implementation allows you to call Java methods as external functions. The
function does not need to be declared. Use a namespace declaration such as
namespace math="java:java.lang.Math", and invoke the method as
More details of this mechanism are found in Writing Extension Functions.
Saxon recognizes the XQuery pragma syntax, but it currently defines only one pragma of its
saxon:validate-type pragma (see Extensions), and this is now redundant since the equivalent
facility is standard in XQuery 3.0. Saxon will adopt the correct fallback behavior if
presented with a query that uses another vendor's extensions, provided these are designed
in conformance with the W3C pragma specification.
A function may be marked as a memo function either by using the function annotation
%saxon:memo-function or by preceding the function declaration with the
declare option saxon:memo-function.
Saxon recognizes the XQuery option declaration syntax. Several specific option declarations are provided, but most of these are obsolete:
declare option saxon:defaultdeclares a default value for external variables (query parameters). No longer needed in XQuery 3.0, which provides native syntax for declaring default values.
declare option saxon:outputdeclares a serialization parameter. Superseded by
declare option output:XXXXX.
declare option saxon:memo-functiondefines whether the following function declaration is to be implemented as a memo function; superseded by the function annotation
Any other option declaration in the Saxon namespace is ignored with a warning; an option declaration in any other namespace is ignored silently. | <urn:uuid:70ef543b-e4ef-4f31-b2d4-2566003eed4a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saxonica.com/html/documentation10/using-xquery/extensibility.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.698266 | 396 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Hurricane Disaster Preparedness
BEFORE A HURRICANE
- Prepare an emergency kit and make a family communications plan. (Click Here)
- Know your surroundings, the elevation level of your property, and whether the land is prone to flood. Also Identify levees and dams that may pose a hazard.
- Learn evacuation routes.
- If in a high-rise building, be prepared to take shelter on or below the 10th floor.
SECURE YOUR PROPERTY
- Cover all of your home’s windows. Permanent storm shutters offer the best protection for windows but 5/8” marine plywood, cut to fit and ready to install will provide protection.
- Install straps to fasten your roof to the framing structure.
- Keep trees and shrubs around your home manicured.
- Clean rain gutters and downspouts of debris.
- Reinforce garage doors to avoid structural damage from wind.
- Plan storage for outdoor furniture, decorations, garbage cans, etc.
- Pre-determine how to secure any boats.
- Install a generator.
- Consider building a safe room.
Other useful links:
Hurricanes cause heavy rains that can cause extensive flood damage in coastal and inland areas. Everyone is at risk and should consider flood insurance protection. Flood insurance is the only way to financially protect your property or business from flood damage. To learn more about your flooding risk and how to protect yourself and your business, visit the Federal Insurance and Mitigation Administration (NFIP) Web site, www.floodsmart.gov or call 1-800-427-2419. | <urn:uuid:0cf2deec-cae1-4900-b87b-04e26a1ce18f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wolfagency.com/insurance-resources/disaster-preparedness-center/hurricane-disaster-preparedness/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571538.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812014923-20220812044923-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.844406 | 340 | 2.671875 | 3 |
If you want to be certain that the existing use or the construction of a building is lawful for planning purposes or that your completed project does / did not require planning permission, you can apply for a Lawful Development Certificate (LDC).
A LDC is a legal document which proves the lawfulness of past, present or future building uses or construction. It's not compulsory to have an LDC but there may be times when you need one to confirm that the use, operation, construction or activity named in it is lawful for planning purposes.
Types of lawful development certificates (LDC)
There are two types of LDC:
Existing use or development
This type of certificate provides legal proof that an existing use of land, or some development that has already taken place, or some activity being carried out in breach of a planning condition, is lawful for planning purposes under Section 191 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
An extension that was built without planning permission and has now become lawful in planning terms due to the amount of time that has lapsed since it was built, would also be an example of when this type of certificate could be applied for.
Proposed use or development
This type of certificate provides legal proof that a proposed use of buildings or other land, or some operations proposed to be carried out in, on, over or under land, would be lawful for planning purposes under Section 192 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.
The planning law which sets out what can be built without planning permission under permitted development rights can be quite complex. It’s also possible that some properties have had their permitted development rights removed.
To be certain if you need planning permission or not before you start work, whether it’s for the construction of an extension or the change of use of a property for example, you can apply for a Proposed Use or Development LDC. If the LDC is granted, this provides you with a legal document that planning permission is not required.
If you think the development you are going to carry out does not need planning permission or falls under permitted development, it’s not compulsory to have a LDC before you start work. You may however wish to have one in case you come to sell your property in the future or to give you peace of mind before you start work on an expensive project.
What to do before you apply
Your LDC application must provide sufficient information for the Local Planning Authority (LPA) to make a decision. Before you apply, you need to:
If you’re proposing to undertake works through permitted development rights, and are considering submitting a Proposed Use or Development LDC, then you should also check out the following guidance:
Often the issues involved in an LDC can be complex, so before you apply, you may also benefit from:
- Obtaining advice from a suitably qualified planning professional
- Requesting pre-application advice from an LPA Officer to guide you on the information needed to support your application
Important - It’s not possible for the LPA to seek modifications to a proposal already submitted under a LDC. So if the proposal is not lawful, the LPA must refuse the application and suggest that the applicant amends the proposed development in a new application. You must ensure that the proposal is described in detail, with precision and, where applicable, with all permitted development criteria being relied on referenced in full.
How to apply
You can apply for either an Existing Use or Development, or Proposed Use or Development LDC on the government's Planning Portal.
LDC applications are not generally subject to public consultation and the fee is normally half the current application fee for the equivalent full application (as long as the application is not retrospective).
What happens next?
After receiving a valid application, the LPA will check whether what you are wanting to do / have already undertaken meets the requirements of planning law so that they can confirm that planning permission isn't needed. The LDC will then either be granted or refused.
Decisions are generally made within 8 weeks. | <urn:uuid:161ae15c-0954-4f49-8c7b-cbdfc33e5aa7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wigan.gov.uk/Resident/Planning-and-Building-Control/Planning/Lawful-Development-Certificate.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570879.37/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809003642-20220809033642-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.945511 | 837 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Your Teaching Philosophy Statement
Ellen Carusetta, Faculty of Education, UNB Fredericton
August 2006; Updated August 2010
Some General Ideas about Teaching Philosophy
A statement of teaching philosophy answers two questions: "Why do I teach?" and "How do I teach?". It should communicate the goals of your teaching and your corresponding actions as a teacher. It becomes the central point of your teaching portfolio; and around it you arrange a collection of artefacts that support this philosophy both directly and indirectly. Your statement about your teaching philosophy gives the reader of your teaching portfolio a context within which to understand and assess your teaching activities.
A statement of teaching philosophy is a very personal statement - one which people often have difficulty writing. It derives from your basic values and beliefs about yourself and your teaching. We all have a philosophy by which we live although many of us never stop to put this philosophy into words and some of us remain blissfully unaware of it. However, most of us can articulate the values that contribute to this philosophy. And while our values tell us who we are and who we want to become, our statement of philosophy goes one step further by telling us how we would like to become this person.
A statement of teaching philosophy is usually brief - only one or two pages long - and presents an integrated view of some of the values we hold about various aspects of teaching such as:
- how we think learning and teaching happen;
- how we understand learners, their differences and what motivates them;
- how we interact with learners;
- what we think the primary purposes of education, teaching and learning are;
- how we view the primary role of the teacher or instructor;
- what teaching and learning methods we value; and
- how we think evaluation of learning should be conducted.
Teaching philosophy statements should avoid technical terms and jargon, and favour language and concepts that can be broadly understood. If the statement is being submitted with an application for a new position, it should be written for a specific audience; otherwise it should be written for a more general audience. It should be reviewed and revised every year to reflect changes in your understanding of your own teaching.
The statement should be reflective and personal. What brings a teaching philosophy to life is the extent to which it creates a vivid portrait of you as a person who is intentional and authentic about teaching practices and committed to your vocation as a teacher. The best way to write your statement is to write it as a narrative, in the first person singular (I, me, mine). Avoid using impersonal pronouns (you, one, it) because such pronouns create confusion for the reader. In some fields, a more creative approach, such as a poem, might be appropriate and valued. But in most situations, a straightforward, well-organized statement is preferred. Include examples to illustrate your points.
Those with little experience as teachers should write about their future plans and desires for their teaching. Those with experience should reflect on how they have taught in the past and how they plan to improve in the future.
Writing Your Teaching Statement
You can begin the process of writing your statement in different ways, all of them designed to help you assemble a set of ideas about what you value in your teaching practice - what is most important to you. I have listed several different approaches to this task. Select one or two that seem best suited to your style of thinking and use them to generate lots of different information. You will use this information to write an integrated statement. Do not use the questions you answer as headings and do not use just the answers - they must be combined into a logical narrative.
Generate a list of single words or short phrases that represent what you value most about yourself and your teaching. Examples of such words and phrases might be:
- Equitable communication
- Good relationships
- Independent thinking
- Strong work ethic
Next, take each one of these words or phrases and write a statement around each that reflects its importance in your teaching. In the examples provided below, the first part of each is a general statement and is turned into a teaching statement by the second part:
"I value independent thinking and encourage students to both critically analyse the ideas of experts in the field and develop their own ideas."
"I try to be open to new or different ideas or perspectives although I sometimes find it very difficult. I try to see the value in students' ideas before responding to them."
"I recognize that how I react to a situation depends largely on my past experiences. I plan to seek out new experiences to change some of my more negative reactions."
"I believe that knowledge is power; and the purpose of my teaching is to help students learn the knowledge and skills that will help them feel empowered."
"I believe that learning should be fun and that learners should be as active as possible while they are learning."
Another way to write your statement of teaching philosophy is to develop answers to questions such as:
- Why do I teach? Where does my passion for teaching come from?
- What techniques do I use in the classroom to encourage student learning?
- What do I expect to be the outcomes of my teaching?
- How do I know my students are "getting it"? How do I know when I have taught successfully?
- What values and attitudes do I consciously attempt to impart to my students? What values and attitudes do I unconsciously impart?
- How do my approaches to teaching reflect who I am?
- What code of ethics guides my teaching and my relationships with my students?
Another approach is to identify the assumptions that underlie your understanding of teaching and learning processes. Think through the answers to the following questions:
- What are three assumptions I make about teaching?
- What are three assumptions I make about learning?
- How does each of these assumptions appear in my courses?
- How does each of these assumptions facilitate/guide my teaching?
- How does each of these assumptions hinder my teaching?
For those who are really stuck trying to generate information about your teaching, you can consult the resources listed below. Each will give you some information about your teaching that could then be used in combination with some of the answers you generated to previous techniques. Please note that the information generated from each of these four tools is useful in some ways and a hindrance in others.
- The Teaching Goals Inventory, developed by Thomas Angelo and Patricia Cross (Classroom Assessment Techniques, 1993). Follow the directions. The results will indicate which of six clusters of teaching goals - higher-order thinking skills, discipline-specific facts and principles, work and career preparation, student development and personal growth, basic learning skills, and providing a role model for students - are most typical in your courses.
- The Teaching Perspectives Inventory, developed by Daniel Pratt (Five perspectives on teaching in adult and higher education, 1995). Click on "Take the TPI" and follow the directions. The results will indicate which of five teaching perspectives - transmission, apprenticeship, nurturing, developmental or social reform - are most typical of your teaching.
- The Teaching Styles Inventory by Anthony Grasha (Teaching with style, 1996). The results indicate which of five teaching styles - expert, formal authority, personal model, facilitator, and delegator - are most typical of your teaching.
- Instructions for developing a statement of teaching philosophy for working with adult learners, prepared by Roger Hiemstra (1988), helps the reader translate personal values and philosophy into practical action. A paper is available here.
Make your statement concise, specific and vivid; organize it around one or two main ideas and limit the length to no more than two pages.
Be concrete; avoid writing in an abstract manner about general principles. Include brief examples of how your approach to teaching plays out in your courses.
Whenever possible, be discipline specific, especially if you are writing your statement for inclusion in a job application. Keep up-to-date with pedagogical journals in your field.
Read widely enough to frame your views wisely. Avoid too much educational jargon but show that you have a good understanding of teaching issues in your particular discipline.
Reflect carefully on your experience as a student and an instructor. Consider both your positive role models and those instructors whose mistakes you swore you would never repeat.
Make your statement unique to you. Write in the first person singular. Think of your statement of teaching philosophy as an opportunity to express something about who you are that readers will remember.
- Angelo, T. & Cross, K.P. (1993) Classroom assessment techniques: A handbook for college teachers (2nd edition). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Angelo, T. & Cross, K.P (1993). Teaching goals inventory. Accessed 1 December 2014.
- Chism, N.V.N. (n.d.) Developing a philosophy of teaching statement. This paper was previously available through the Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education.
- Grasha, A.F. (1996) Teaching with style: A practical guide to enhancing learning by understanding teaching and learning styles. Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance Publishers.
- Haugen, L. (1998) Writing a teaching philosophy statement. Ames, IA: Iowa State University, Centre for Excellence in Learning & Teaching. Accessed 16 December 2014.
- Hiemstra, R. (1988) Translating personal values and philosophy into practical action. In R.G. Brockett (Ed.), Ethical issues in adult education. New York: Columbia University, Teachers College. Accessed 1 December 2014.
- Pratt, D.D. (1995) Five perspectives on teaching in adult and higher education. Malabar, FL: Krieger.
- Pratt, D.D. (2001) Teaching perspectives inventory. Accessed 16 December 2014.
©Centre for Enhanced Teaching and Learning, UNB Fredericton | <urn:uuid:530d48cd-6cca-4449-ad35-8a138d6bc3ae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.unb.ca/hr/cai/teaching/philosophy/your-statement.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939159 | 2,032 | 2.609375 | 3 |
We’re excited to inform you that the NYU Tandon School of Engineering has partnered with Tutor Matching Service (TMS) to provide students and tutors on campus with a new and easy way to connect with one another. Tutor Matching Service (TMS) is an online tutor list / tutor marketplace that matches students with tutors for both online and in-person tutoring sessions. TMS has partnered with universities across the country to ensure higher quality, safer, and more accessible tutoring for their students and local community. TMS takes care of the scheduling, booking and payments to allow tutors spend more time doing what they do best – coaching – and less time worrying about the ancillary details.
- Exchange contact information and agree upon a no-show policy. You should tell your student how much prior notice you require before a cancellation, and should establish a late policy as well.
- You have the right to charge for no-shows, but be reasonable in applying this policy. Your student may have a good reason for missing a session, and you want to maintain good will.
- If you need to reschedule a tutoring session, notify the student as soon as possible to find another meeting time. Last minute cancellations will have a negative impact on your relationship with the student and affect your credibility.
- The Dibner library is likely the most convenient location for tutoring sessions, and has group study rooms available. Your student may request to meet in another location such as their home. If this is the case, make sure to establish a reasonable meeting time (perhaps before dark) and have suitable transportation to and from that location. If meeting in person is not a choice, using a resource such as Skype may be a feasible option for hosting a tutoring session.
- Try to talk on the phone with potential tutees before meeting.
- Ask pertinent questions, and watch for inconsistencies in what you are told.
- Meet in daylight, preferably in a public place. If you have a cell phone, take it with you. If you are tutoring off-campus, tell a friend where you are going and when you intend to return.
- Tutoring sessions must be kept confidential to protect the privacy of the student.
Become a Tutor | <urn:uuid:6b46e2f4-d0b9-44a5-9627-ea3ad412d259> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://engineering.nyu.edu/node/9539 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00548-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.940752 | 470 | 1.507813 | 2 |
During a visit to Sanibel Island's Sanctuary Golf Club, one might expect to encounter birdies or even the occasional eagle, but rest assured that's not something necessarily limited to golf scores. It is also a very real reflection of the wildlife that is abundant as the course is surrounded by the J.N. "Ding" Darling National Wildlife Refuge. There's more than golf balls flying over the greens, and soon that space will be complemented by fluttering flashes of orange, yellow and other shades thanks to the creation of a new butterfly garden.
Near a gopher tortoise habitat that is a small crawl away from the 17th Tee, members of The Sanctuary's Wildlife Committee teamed with Sanibel Captiva Conservation Foundation Native Plant Nursery Manager Jenny Evans and Charlie Ewell of Cape Coral Friends of Wildlife to create something of a butterfly Garden-of-Eden in its offerings that include wild lime, corky-stemmed passionflowers, beautyberry, sunflower, penta and salvia... the very stuff that makes both butterflies and caterpillars salivate.
A dozen area children participated in the planting of the garden during a recent "Kids Camp Nature Experience" that the Sanctuary traditionally conducts twice a year.
These Ibis make for a feathery flock of golf spectators on the 10th Green of Sanctuary Golf Club.
(Photos by Josh Sweet)
In addition to getting their hands a little dirty in the planting process, kids got to freshen their perspective on the life cycles of butterflies typically seen on the course, such as Gulf Fritallary, Monarch, Barred Sulphur and Zebra Longwing.
Sanctuary Wildlife Committee Member Denise Carnell says now, the garden will grow to provide a new safe haven for the butterflies and additional educational opportunities during future kid camps. Of course, she notes, it will also add to the beauty of the course for golfers, even on their worst days.
And that's a point not lost on Course Manager Kyle Sweet who has distinct responsibilities in overseeing a golf operation like none other in America. He says the Sanctuary Golf Course is the one and only course in this country which has to annually report to the United States Department of the Interior. Again, this is a condition arising from the course's proximity to the National Wildlife Refuge.
In striving to ensure that the greens remain in tip-top condition for golfers, Sweet is also responsible for ensuring that environmental standards are adhered to in terms of the fertilizers, chemicals and pesticides used - of which all must be approved by the government.
But to be sure, Sweet says The Sanctuary's adoption of those standards were more proactive than reactive. The Sanctuary regards itself as a partner in environmental stewardship, not just a place to play golf. That kind of thinking has helped the facility earn distinction for more than nine years now as a Certified Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Golf Course.
"We have an extremely unique situation here," says Sweet. "There are no fences, and we're surrounded by a diverse habitat for wildlife."
Sweet says wildlife encounters help ensure that no two days are ever alike at the course. Wildlife includes everything from birds and turtles to snakes, alligators and bobcats. Even on the 13th Green, one will encounter indications that a new wild visitor has recently frequented the course. This pertains to a certain black bear that suddenly arrived on Sanibel, but whose particular whereabouts are currently unknown. In addition to recent sighting throughout the Island, the bear was spotted at The Sanctuary and amidst efforts to tag the bear for tracking purposes, The Sanctuary has erected a bear trap at the course. Thus far, the bear has treated it much like golfers do the sand traps, as something to be avoided.
For now, Sweet says all at The Sanctuary are looking forward to a new year with a new offspring of caterpillars (which will delight local birds) and a new population of butterflies (which will delight in the pollenating practices of plants). For golfers, there is also certain advantages. If anything can counter the dismal display in a triple bogey, it may just be the beauty of the course at Sanibel's Sanctuary Golf Club. | <urn:uuid:06b31005-4806-4166-a300-096a62f82342> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.islandreporter.com/page/content.detail/id/518586/A-Sanctuary-for-Golfers-and-More.html?nav=5053 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00167-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952139 | 852 | 1.828125 | 2 |
21 Bible Verses about The Disciples Actions
Most Relevant Verses
Ordering the people to sit down on the grass, He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up toward heaven, He blessed the food, and breaking the loaves He gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the crowds,
And He *directed the people to sit down on the ground; and taking the seven loaves, He gave thanks and broke them, and started giving them to His disciples to serve to them, and they served them to the people.
Then He took the five loaves and the two fish, and looking up to heaven, He blessed them, and broke them, and kept giving them to the disciples to set before the people.
Therefore when the Lord knew that the Pharisees had heard that Jesus was making and baptizing more disciples than John
and whenever it seizes him, it slams him to the ground and he foams at the mouth, and grinds his teeth and stiffens out. I told Your disciples to cast it out, and they could not do it.”
The disciples did as Jesus had directed them; and they prepared the Passover.
As a result of this many of His disciples withdrew and were not walking with Him anymore.
But all this has taken place to fulfill the Scriptures of the prophets.” Then all the disciples left Him and fled. | <urn:uuid:730c9a9a-a7e6-4a07-add3-e222cf56f48f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://bible.knowing-jesus.com/topics/The-Disciples-Actions | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.989268 | 294 | 2.234375 | 2 |
College Lingo for College Parents: Talk the Talk – Part 6
Every profession, activity, or area of interest has its own jargon or set of specialized vocabulary. College is no different. College administrators, faculty members and students develop a set of short-hand terms that can be confusing to those not familiar with them. As a college parent, you may be surprised at how quickly your college student will pick up the appropriate lingo.
If your college student slips into “college-speak” and you don’t understand what she is talking about – ask! She may express impatience, but she’ll probably explain. However, if you want to be able to at least begin to talk-the-talk, here are five terms to get you started. Please remember that there may be some variation in the use of these terms at various institutions.
We’ve written five earlier posts about some of the college vocabulary that might be helpful for you to know. Be sure to check out Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4 and Part 5. It’s been a while since we’ve added an installment, so here are a few more terms.
Course Wait List
A course wait list is a system for adding students to a class once it is full. If a student attempts to register for a class that is already at capacity, she may be allowed to add her name to a waitlist for that class. If another student later drops that class or is removed, the student on the waitlist will be added to the roster. Priority is usually given on a first come, first served basis. Schools have differing policies regarding waitlisting students and notifying waitlisted students. There are no guarantees given to students and there are often limitations and restrictions.
Matriculated students are students who have applied for admission and been accepted to a degree program at the college. Non-matriculated students may register for courses on a semester by semester or course by course basis. They generally do not receive financial aid and are not enrolled in a degree program. These students may be taking courses for personal enrichment, improved job skills, or to transfer credits to another institution.
The term priority registration is sometimes used synonymously with registration ranking. Registration ranking is the order in which students may register for classes. This is usually based upon number of credits or units earned. Priority registration also refers to the permission for specialized groups of students to register in advance of other students. Priority registration policies may vary greatly across colleges. This early registration is sometimes provided for groups of students with special circumstances that impact their ability to choose the appropriate classes to attain a degree such as students with disability related needs, or students in state mandated special programs. It is also sometimes afforded to veterans, athletes, or honors students.
Satisfactory Academic Progress
Satisfactory Academic Progress (SAP) is defined by the federal government as successful completion of coursework to maintain eligibility for financial aid. The federal government requires that schools establish, publish and apply standards to monitor progress toward completion. These standards apply both to grade point average (GPA) and to progress toward degree completion. Students must maintain the standard minimum GPA established by their school and must complete the required number of credits for graduation within a maximum number of attempted credits – 150% of credits required. (For instance, students who are required to complete 120 credits for graduation must do so within 180 attempted credits.)
A student’s college transcript is the official, permanent record of the courses taken, grades earned, honors earned and degrees conferred by the institution. The task of maintaining transcripts falls to the Office of the Registrar. Students may obtain official transcripts of the college record by requesting it from the appropriate office. There may be a fee, or a fee for multiple copies. Students need transcripts for transfer to another institution or sometimes for a potential employer. | <urn:uuid:974fc09b-0ca0-43fa-98b4-3ba06a342d33> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.collegeparentcentral.com/2012/11/college-lingo-for-college-parents-talk-the-talk-part-6/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954066 | 791 | 2.734375 | 3 |
The Onland Campaign V
Pascolo del Vino
Occurring at 6/1130 – The Battle of Pascolo del Vino was the bloodiest battle ever fought in Onland between the forces of. Drambor and Vangor at a place that will come to be known as Butchery Hill. Both Combard of Drambor and the Pharaoh of Vangor are slain during the battle. Drambor loses over 25,000 men and Vangor loses over 80,000. | <urn:uuid:4c14d8bf-29be-4624-8d67-ad021a03c2e0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://the-onland-campaign-v.obsidianportal.com/wikis/pascolo-del-vino | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948869 | 102 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Find the hidden math bounty in ten-frames! Playful theme supports hands-on reinforcement of base-ten number concepts and early addition and subtraction. Great for helping young students to relate to the number 10, building a strong foundation for mathematics. Includes divided Treasure Chest, 4 Ten-Frame Trays, 40 Silver Coins, 40 Gold Coins and Activity Guide. Chest measures 9” L x 5” W x 5” H. Aligns with Common Core Standards. Grades K+
CCSS: Counting and Cardinality (Grade K); Operations and Algebraic Thinking (Grades K-1); Number and Operations in Base Ten (Grades K-2).
ECERS-R: Math/number 3.1 - Some developmentally appropriate math/number materials accessible.
FCCERS-R: Math/number 3.1 - Some developmentally appropriate math/number materials accessible daily for each age group. | <urn:uuid:997ed62b-4dae-48d8-94b8-159bae2b8783> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.shopbecker.com/clearance-sale/_/ten-frame-treasures/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00060-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.773427 | 193 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Ritual in Neolithic Southeast Italy
Scaloria Cave, Grotta Scaloria, is in Apulia, where the Tavoliere Plain rises to meet the Gargano peninsula. Hundreds of villages were located there during the Neolithic period, the villagi trincerati first identified from aerial photographs taken by the British RAF during WW II. Certainly some of these Neolithic villagers of the Tavoliere visited Scaloria Cave, for refuge from the elements, and for the mysterious rituals held in both the Lower and Upper Chambers.
Grotta Scaloria was first discovered and explored in 1931, excavated briefly in 1967, and extensively from 1978–80 by a joint UCLA-University of Genoa team, but never fully published. The Save Scaloria Project was organized to locate this legacy data, and to enhance that information by application of the newest methods of archaeological and scientific analysis.
Finally, this important site is published, in one comprehensive volume that gathers together the archaeological data from the Upper and Lower Chambers of Scaloria Cave, which indicate intense ritual and quotidian use during the Neolithic (ca 5600-5300 BC). The Grotta Scaloria project is also important as historiography, since it illustrates a changing trajectory of research spanning three generations of European and American archaeology. | <urn:uuid:a6f53a52-770b-44f3-895e-2cad08a063e1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://ancientworldonline.blogspot.com/2016/05/the-archaeology-of-grotta-scaloria-data.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94377 | 261 | 3.71875 | 4 |
Ludhiana, Oct 8 (UNI) Farmer driven agriculture is needed for taking the benefits of technology to the grass root level, Dr T P Trivedi, Project Director and Assistant Director General (Agricultural Research Information) of Indian Agriculture Research Council (ICAR) said here today.
Dr Trivedi expressed these views at an interactive session with the faculty, staff and students of Agricultural Journalism, Languages and Culture while delivering a talk on "Role of ICAR in Information Management and its Dissemination" at the Punjab Agricultural University (PAU) here.
In his deliberations, Dr Trivedi gave an overview of the agricultural research information system functioning under the aegis of ICAR. Although new innovations have been taken up by ICAR in print and electronic media, yet print media support will continue as a complement to new modes of communication, he emphasised.
He highlighted recent electronic publications and digitalised photographs currently brought out by ICAR.
In his presidential remarks, Dr N S Malhi, PAU Director of Extension Education said that the University was giving top priority to strengthen information and communication technology so that the gap between technology generation and technology adoption could be minimised. | <urn:uuid:dfa5c5e8-7619-4502-b964-05bc455ccd97> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oneindia.com/2007/10/08/icar-officer-stresses-on-info-management-of-agriculture-1191847348.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00100-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.92994 | 244 | 2.078125 | 2 |
RelaxingMusic / Flickr
I started practicing mindfulness meditation five years ago, when I was an English teacher living in Seoul, South Korea.
I'd sit cross-legged and try to concentrate on my breath like the books told me to.
Then something frustrating would happen: Rather than resting in tranquility, I'd be thinking — about lunch, about the classes I'd teach that day, about the fight I'd had with my soon-to-be ex-girlfriend.
Those thoughts would trigger further thoughts, like, Why the hell can't I stop thinking? and, This meditation stuff is stupid and will never work because my mind is more out of control than I ever imagined.
Then I read a book that would change the way I thought about thoughts for the rest of my life: "Zen Action: Zen Person" by T.P. Kasulis, a cross-cultural philosopher at Ohio State University.
The book is the best introduction to Zen Buddhism I've come across.
In it, Kasulis makes the point that meditation isn't about ridding the mind of every thought. Rather, it's about changing the way we relate to thoughts.
The mechanics are pretty simple: When sitting in a meditative posture, I'd focus my attention on the sensations generated by my breath. Then, when I inevitably got lost in the chatter of thoughts, I'd label that as "thinking" and go back to concentrating on my breath.
Slowly, a big change started to happen.
Instead of seeing my thoughts as something to run from or capture, they could be something I simply observed. And if I observed them long enough, even the most tantalizing or infuriating of thoughts — a pretty face, a debt owed — would float away.
And my mind, lo and behold, would become stable, even tranquil.
Put into psychological language, that sort of mindfulness practice is an exercise in "metacognition," or an awareness of what you're thinking about.
Now that I write about business for a living, I'm delighted to see that mindfulness is becoming a part of more people's working lives.
As he told his biographer Walter Isaacson, Steve Jobs went though a similar process:
If you just sit and observe, you will see how restless your mind is ... If you try to calm it, it only makes things worse, but over time it does calm, and when it does, there's room to hear more subtle things — that's when your intuition starts to blossom and you start to see things more clearly and be in the present more. Your mind just slows down, and you see a tremendous expanse in the moment. You see so much more than you could see before. It's a discipline; you have to practice it."
When I was sitting on the cushion five years ago getting frustrated with myself for thinking, I was making what I came to realize was a very basic — and perhaps very common — assumption about how mindfulness meditation is supposed to work. Since then, my mindfulness practice has come up a lot in conversation, and I've heard from a lot of people that they "can't meditate" because they can't stop themselves from thinking.
The key is not to stop the thoughts, but to acknowledge them. They'll float away on their own.
And then the many benefits of mindfulness practice — from reduced anxiety and heart rate to increased memory and awareness — can start to follow. | <urn:uuid:08802e7e-ca20-4533-b0a7-7d6568532606> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.businessinsider.com/key-to-practice-mindfulness-meditation-2015-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00537-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976099 | 707 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Outside, the sun is beginning to break up low, puffy gray clouds, the remaining vestiges of a winter storm that’s just dumped six inches of powdery white snow on Colorado’s Front Range.
Inside, an admittedly sometimes obsessive man in his middle 40s is contemplating the question he’s pondered for each of the year’s four meaningful snowfalls so far: ‘Should I, or shouldn’t I?’
No, he’s not fretting over whether he should, or should not, shovel the driveway: With a half a foot of snow on the ground and extremely cold temperatures forecast for the next three days – highs in the teens and 20s, lows to 0 or below, it’s clear that even a south-facing driveway in sunny Colorado needs to be cleared of snow, or no one will be getting a car into the garage for a couple of days.
Instead, he’s thinking: Is it worth it to clamber up on the roof and brush the snow off the 50 percent of his 5.59 kW home solar system that he can reach and clear in a reasonably safe manner?
Yes, it’s worth it As the clouds evaporate and his surroundings are transformed into a gorgeous set of contrasts, with a wildly blue sky and a blindingly white sheet of clean, crisp snow playing the starring roles, the man reaches the answer he knew he would all along: Hell, yes, it’s worth it!
The drudge work of pushing snow away from concrete on the ground behind him, the human-snow-removal machine – dressed chicly in a blue-and-yellow, 1997 Colombia ski jacket, complete with two large pocket holes and a missing zipper grip that’s been replaced by a paper-clip secured with industrial strength gray duct tape, groans as he drags a 50-pound stretch ladder out of the garage.
He carefully sets the ladder against the roof, then retreats into the garage to prepare his custom solar-system snow-clearing machine: A plastic broom with nylon bristles that’s duct-taped, at the handle, to a mop swiffer. It’s a double-sided snow-whacking tool with extra length to help get to the upper areas of the hardest-to-reach solar panels on that solar array that’s just itching to produce some kWh.
Armed with what he hopes is a snow-sweeping tool soft enough not to scratch the glass of his system’s panels, but sturdy enough to push away snow that’s six inches deep, and, in some places about 15 feet away, he carefully, and deliberately makes his way up the ladder.
Pushing snow off the roof Next, clear a small, safe, path to the front edge of the lower 13-panel array. Then, a horizontal path spanning the front, south edge of the array. And then, finally, start attacking the snow on the panels themselves.
The custom solar-panel-snow-removal machine works seamlessly. Still, it’s harder to work than the last time this somewhat solar-obsessed man was up on his Aurora roof trotting around in snow. Not surprising: This time the white stuff is twice as deep as the last time.
Halfway through the 20-minute job, the neighbor’s yip-dog gets his morning pee-time outside and begins to yap at the strange-looking creature (could it be the goofy looking ear-warmer?) on a snowy roof in the middle of January sending white, powdery stuff thudding to the ground below.
By now, the man has broken into a decent sweat, despite an outdoor temperature of about 8 degrees Fahrenheit.
He takes a break to catch his breath. A neighbor drives slowly by, staring incredulously at the strange site of a man on a snow-covered roof.
A solar snow shovel About 20 minutes after he begins his solar snow job, the man finishes. But he’s not quite done with his up-and-down the ladder in the winter routine. This time, he wants a picture of himself up on that snowy roof, on this beautiful, bright blue day.
He backs carefully down the ladder, opens the door leading from the garage into the house and shouts, “Christine, can you please get the camera and take a picture of me on the roof?”
Snap, snap, snap – and she’s done. Mission accomplished: Goofy pictures of a goofy (crazy?) man on snow-covered roof clearing his solar system.
After one more trip down the ladder with his solar-“shovel”, the man’s done too, at about 9:15 a.m. on what is now a completely clear, sunny Jan. 10, 2011 Colorado day.
Free of snow, solar array produces Oddly, the solar system doesn’t kick in when it should, despite one of two arrays now being clear of snow. It takes two hours before it functions properly. But when it does – and it does – it does what it’s supposed to do: It produces electricity.
By the end of the day, the system’s produced 4.5 kWh of electricity it would not have produced without the man’s hard work.
Cold weather rolls into the next day, and, this time, 10 kWh are produced. A third sunny, but cold, day is coming too, meaning, quite possibly, another 10 kWh which would have been lost beneath a layer of snow.
Still, the man isn’t satisfied. He’s thinking about the 2nd array that makes up his 5.59 kW and calculating how much electricity production he would gain – if only he could figure out a safe way to clear snow off it as well…
Sweeping the snow off solar – An ongoing tally of kWh gained
Date and time of snow sweeping (lower of 2 arrays of 5.59 kW system only)
Estimated kWh gained from sweeping (gain may have been across multiple dates)
Like this story? Interested in the solar EV/PHEV synergy? Join our Sun Miles® Cluband start meeting & interacting with other people around the world who want to drive, or already are driving, their cars on sun! Register to join us today! | <urn:uuid:d22cc31c-f985-4482-be2e-ff2542682ce2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://solarchargeddriving.com/2011/01/12/man-on-a-solar-snow-mission/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.945869 | 1,353 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Forms can be a moving meditation if practiced in the correct way. If you truly practice the forms without thinking about anything except the movements and Strengthening your techniques while using breath control then they become moving meditation. It does not matter what style of Martial arts you practice or which form you practice, but if you practice all of the forms you know at a moderate speed while using the best technique and breath control you Possibly can while concentrating you can obtain a state of meditation. While you increase you techniques,forms,coordination,power,speed, and acuracy and develope a sense of your own abilitys. Forms eventually become reflex and you don't even have to think about you next move when you are doing them. It is also a great way to get in shape and discipline yourself.
I believe forms/kata/patterns are a very important part of traditional martial arts and can take you to another level. Think about this the next time your doing forms in class or at home and try it out for your self.! | <urn:uuid:523e2f80-9cf3-4157-8be5-f7542eac5928> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.fightingarts.com/forums/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showthreaded&Number=211313&an= | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00549-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949917 | 210 | 1.6875 | 2 |
From the Bureau of Labor Statistics:
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 227,000 in February, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 8.3 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment rose in
professional and businesses services, health care and social assistance, leisure and hospitality,
manufacturing, and mining.
This is a solid report — and another indication that the recovery is taking hold, and maybe even accelerating, despite concerns about worldwide growth, the fact that Europe appears to be in recession, and high gas prices.
More good news:
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised from +203,000 to +223,000,
and the change for January was revised from +243,000 to +284,000.
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was little changed at 5.4 million in February. These individuals accounted for 42.6 percent of the unemployed.
Both the labor force and employment rose in February. The civilian labor force participation rate, at 63.9 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 58.6 percent, edged up over the month.
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 8.1 million in February. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.
I’ve also been paying close attention to U-6: “U-6Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.”
U-6 has fallen to 14.9% (all this data is seasonally adjusted) from 15.1% in January.
As I’ve noted before the seasonal adjustments on employment data are huge. Even in January’s healthy report, the economy actually lost 2.6 million jobs. In February’s healthy report, the economy actually added over 800,000 jobs. But it’s entirely typical to see those types of swings at this time of year, and in both cases, the bottom line number looked good to economists. I had been concerned that something in the seasonal adjustment process might have overstated the perceived improvement in January; with another month of data behind us, that concern has been largely if not entirely allayed.
I’ll take a look at some of the details more closely later and do a follow up post if anything stands out.
Of course, we still have a long way to go. Another graph from Calculated Risk: | <urn:uuid:c6347c5c-7afc-4bd8-8d53-f29cc9b38326> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.billdawers.com/2012/03/09/economy-adds-a-pretty-good-227000-jobs-in-february-unemployment-rate-unchanged-at-8-3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.969153 | 577 | 1.578125 | 2 |
- Year Published: 1870
- Language: English
- Country of Origin: France
- Source: Verne, J. (1870). Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. (F. P. Walter, Trans.). Paris, France: Hetzel.
- Flesch–Kincaid Level: 6.5
- Word Count: 1,958
Verne, J. (1870). Part 1, Chapter 3: As Master Wishes. Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea (Lit2Go Edition). Retrieved January 16, 2017, from
Verne, Jules. "Part 1, Chapter 3: As Master Wishes." Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea. Lit2Go Edition. 1870. Web. <>. January 16, 2017.
Jules Verne, "Part 1, Chapter 3: As Master Wishes," Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea, Lit2Go Edition, (1870), accessed January 16, 2017,.
The seconds before the arrival of J. B. Hobson's letter, I no more dreamed of chasing the unicorn than of trying for the Northwest Passage. Three seconds after reading this letter from the honorable Secretary of the Navy, I understood at last that my true vocation, my sole purpose in life, was to hunt down this disturbing monster and rid the world of it.
Even so, I had just returned from an arduous journey, exhausted and badly needing a rest. I wanted nothing more than to see my country again, my friends, my modest quarters by the Botanical Gardens, my dearly beloved collections! But now nothing could hold me back. I forgot everything else, and without another thought of exhaustion, friends, or collections, I accepted the American government's offer.
"Besides," I mused, "all roads lead home to Europe, and our unicorn may be gracious enough to take me toward the coast of France! That fine animal may even let itself be captured in European seas—as a personal favor to me—and I'll bring back to the Museum of Natural History at least half a meter of its ivory lance!"
But in the meantime I would have to look for this narwhale in the northern Pacific Ocean; which meant returning to France by way of the Antipodes.
"Conseil!" I called in an impatient voice.
Conseil was my manservant. A devoted lad who went with me on all my journeys; a gallant Flemish boy whom I genuinely liked and who returned the compliment; a born stoic, punctilious on principle, habitually hardworking, rarely startled by life's surprises, very skillful with his hands, efficient in his every duty, and despite his having a name that means "counsel," never giving advice—not even the unsolicited kind!
From rubbing shoulders with scientists in our little universe by the Botanical Gardens, the boy had come to know a thing or two. In Conseil I had a seasoned specialist in biological classification, an enthusiast who could run with acrobatic agility up and down the whole ladder of branches, groups, classes, subclasses, orders, families, genera, subgenera, species, and varieties. But there his science came to a halt. Classifying was everything to him, so he knew nothing else. Well versed in the theory of classification, he was poorly versed in its practical application, and I doubt that he could tell a sperm whale from a baleen whale! And yet, what a fine, gallant lad!
For the past ten years, Conseil had gone with me wherever science beckoned. Not once did he comment on the length or the hardships of a journey. Never did he object to buckling up his suitcase for any country whatever, China or the Congo, no matter how far off it was. He went here, there, and everywhere in perfect contentment. Moreover, he enjoyed excellent health that defied all ailments, owned solid muscles, but hadn't a nerve in him, not a sign of nerves—the mental type, I mean.
The lad was thirty years old, and his age to that of his employer was as fifteen is to twenty. Please forgive me for this underhanded way of admitting I had turned forty.
But Conseil had one flaw. He was a fanatic on formality, and he only addressed me in the third person—to the point where it got tiresome.
"Conseil!" I repeated, while feverishly beginning my preparations for departure.
To be sure, I had confidence in this devoted lad. Ordinarily, I never asked whether or not it suited him to go with me on my journeys; but this time an expedition was at issue that could drag on indefinitely, a hazardous undertaking whose purpose was to hunt an animal that could sink a frigate as easily as a walnut shell! There was good reason to stop and think, even for the world's most emotionless man. What would Conseil say?
"Conseil!" I called a third time.
"Did master summon me?" he said, entering.
"Yes, my boy. Get my things ready, get yours ready. We're departing in two hours."
"As master wishes," Conseil replied serenely.
"We haven't a moment to lose. Pack as much into my trunk as you can, my traveling kit, my suits, shirts, and socks, don't bother counting, just squeeze it all in—and hurry!"
"What about master's collections?" Conseil ventured to observe.
"We'll deal with them later."
"What! The archaeotherium, hyracotherium, oreodonts, cheiropotamus, and master's other fossil skeletons?"
"The hotel will keep them for us."
"What about master's live babirusa?"
"They'll feed it during our absence. Anyhow, we'll leave instructions to ship the whole menagerie to France."
"Then we aren't returning to Paris?" Conseil asked.
"Yes, we are . . . certainly . . . ," I replied evasively, "but after we make a detour."
"Whatever detour master wishes."
"Oh, it's nothing really! A route slightly less direct, that's all. We're leaving on the Abraham Lincoln."
"As master thinks best," Conseil replied placidly.
"You see, my friend, it's an issue of the monster, the notorious narwhale. We're going to rid the seas of it! The author of a two–volume work, in quarto, on The Mysteries of the Great Ocean Depths has no excuse for not setting sail with Commander Farragut. It's a glorious mission but also a dangerous one! We don't know where it will take us! These beasts can be quite unpredictable! But we're going just the same! We have a commander who's game for anything!"
"What master does, I'll do," Conseil replied.
"But think it over, because I don't want to hide anything from you. This is one of those voyages from which people don't always come back!"
"As master wishes."
A quarter of an hour later, our trunks were ready. Conseil did them in a flash, and I was sure the lad hadn't missed a thing, because he classified shirts and suits as expertly as birds and mammals.
The hotel elevator dropped us off in the main vestibule on the mezzanine. I went down a short stair leading to the ground floor. I settled my bill at that huge counter that was always under siege by a considerable crowd. I left instructions for shipping my containers of stuffed animals and dried plants to Paris, France. I opened a line of credit sufficient to cover the babirusa and, Conseil at my heels, I jumped into a carriage.
For a fare of twenty francs, the vehicle went down Broadway to Union Square, took Fourth Ave. to its junction with Bowery St., turned into Katrin St. and halted at Pier 34. There the Katrin ferry transferred men, horses, and carriage to Brooklyn, that great New York annex located on the left bank of the East River, and in a few minutes we arrived at the wharf next to which the Abraham Lincoln was vomiting torrents of black smoke from its two funnels.
Our baggage was immediately carried to the deck of the frigate. I rushed aboard. I asked for Commander Farragut. One of the sailors led me to the afterdeck, where I stood in the presence of a smart–looking officer who extended his hand to me.
"Professor Pierre Aronnax?" he said to me.
"The same," I replied. "Commander Farragut?"
"In person. Welcome aboard, professor. Your cabin is waiting for you."
I bowed, and letting the commander attend to getting under way, I was taken to the cabin that had been set aside for me.
The Abraham Lincoln had been perfectly chosen and fitted out for its new assignment. It was a high–speed frigate furnished with superheating equipment that allowed the tension of its steam to build to seven atmospheres. Under this pressure the Abraham Lincoln reached an average speed of 18.3 miles per hour, a considerable speed but still not enough to cope with our gigantic cetacean.
The frigate's interior accommodations complemented its nautical virtues. I was well satisfied with my cabin, which was located in the stern and opened into the officers' mess.
"We'll be quite comfortable here," I told Conseil.
"With all due respect to master," Conseil replied, "as comfortable as a hermit crab inside the shell of a whelk."
I left Conseil to the proper stowing of our luggage and climbed on deck to watch the preparations for getting under way.
Just then Commander Farragut was giving orders to cast off the last moorings holding the Abraham Lincoln to its Brooklyn pier. And so if I'd been delayed by a quarter of an hour or even less, the frigate would have gone without me, and I would have missed out on this unearthly, extraordinary, and inconceivable expedition, whose true story might well meet with some skepticism.
But Commander Farragut didn't want to waste a single day, or even a single hour, in making for those seas where the animal had just been sighted. He summoned his engineer.
"Are we up to pressure?" he asked the man.
"Aye, sir," the engineer replied.
"Go ahead, then!" Commander Farragut called.
At this order, which was relayed to the engine by means of a compressed–air device, the mechanics activated the start–up wheel. Steam rushed whistling into the gaping valves. Long horizontal pistons groaned and pushed the tie rods of the drive shaft. The blades of the propeller churned the waves with increasing speed, and the Abraham Lincoln moved out majestically amid a spectator–laden escort of some 100 ferries and tenders.*
*Author's Note: Tenders are small steamboats that assist the big liners.
The wharves of Brooklyn, and every part of New York bordering the East River, were crowded with curiosity seekers. Departing from 500,000 throats, three cheers burst forth in succession. Thousands of handkerchiefs were waving above these tightly packed masses, hailing the Abraham Lincoln until it reached the waters of the Hudson River, at the tip of the long peninsula that forms New York City.
The frigate then went along the New Jersey coast—the wonderful right bank of this river, all loaded down with country homes—and passed by the forts to salutes from their biggest cannons. The Abraham Lincoln replied by three times lowering and hoisting the American flag, whose thirty–nine stars gleamed from the gaff of the mizzen sail; then, changing speed to take the buoy–marked channel that curved into the inner bay formed by the spit of Sandy Hook, it hugged this sand–covered strip of land where thousands of spectators acclaimed us one more time.
The escort of boats and tenders still followed the frigate and only left us when we came abreast of the lightship, whose two signal lights mark the entrance of the narrows to Upper New York Bay.
Three o'clock then sounded. The harbor pilot went down into his dinghy and rejoined a little schooner waiting for him to leeward. The furnaces were stoked; the propeller churned the waves more swiftly; the frigate skirted the flat, yellow coast of Long Island; and at eight o'clock in the evening, after the lights of Fire Island had vanished into the northwest, we ran at full steam onto the dark waters of the Atlantic. | <urn:uuid:2828c23a-0c5b-461f-a466-201e7f600187> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://etc.usf.edu/lit2go/83/twenty-thousand-leagues-under-the-sea/1375/part-1-chapter-3-as-master-wishes/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.967749 | 2,692 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Oprah Winfrey, the award-winning media mogul, actress, philanthropist and cultural icon, inspires so many people every day. Perhaps because we see so much of ourselves in what she represents: a very real person trying her hardest every day to live well – while challenging others to do the same.
Here are three of the beautiful Ms. Winfrey’s top secrets to a healthier, more rewarding life:
Find a Stress-Management Tool
It can be yoga, breathing exercises, meditation, prayer, etc. Find a ritual that’s right for you to help combat stress, because you WILL have stress. It’s not something to run from, stress IS life. Which is why growing in life involves coping with stress in a healthy way.
Devise a Physical Fitness Routine
Ideally, one that you can handle and be consistent with. Talk with a trainer or your doctor to come up with a plan that will help you succeed in both your physical fitness and healthy life goals. Also, remember that consistency is the key. If you visit places where people live a long time – Costa Rica, Sardinia, places in China, Okinawa in Japan – they all follow consistent fitness routines.
Have Faith in a Power Other Than Yourself
The wisest and most successful people on this Earth didn’t achieve what they have alone. Instead, they embraced a strong network of others who helped support and challenge them to do their best. This means everything from making yourself more spiritually healthy to picking up the phone to talk to friends and family. There’s loving support all around you – whether you realize it or not.
Read more about how Oprah lives her best life at BlackDoctor.Org.
BET Health News - We go beyond the music and entertainment world to bring you important medical information and health-related tips of special relevance to Blacks in the U.S. and around the world. Click here to subscribe to our newsletter.
(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)
TRENDING IN NEWS | <urn:uuid:e8635ccd-7af3-4a7a-a19b-cb570f717b31> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bet.com/news/health/2014/01/30/oprah-s-top-3-tips-to-living-your-best-life.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00084-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933111 | 418 | 1.84375 | 2 |
A snapshot of the Jewish community's main organisations last summer revealed that women comprise only a fifth of all trustees, a quarter of chief executives and a quarter of members of the elected Body, the Board of Deputies. British Jewish women are high educational and professional achievers: the 2001 Census demonstrated that in the top occupational categories, Jewish women matched and in most cases proportionally out-performed men in the general population. However, the Jewish community is failing to benefit from their skills and expertise at a leadership level, where women are significantly under-represented. You can read more about our research on this in our report on “Gender Imbalance- the status quo“
The Commission on Women in Jewish Leadership - an initiative of the Jewish Leadership Council - was set up to strengthen the community by addressing this gender imbalance in Jewish communal leadership.
There is an urgent need to make the community stronger and more efficient by engaging more women at the highest levels. Indeed, research demonstrates that organisations with gender-balanced leadership are more effective
Consequently, the Commission is conducting a community-wide consultation to assess the impact of the gender imbalance in communal leadership and to develop and refine interventions to address the issues. Women and men across the Jewish community - of all affiliations, backgrounds and levels of engagement - are being asked to contribute their views through a combination of interviews, surveys, discussions and open events. Crucially, all our communal organisations are also being invited to contribute and engage with the process.
The outcome will be concrete proposals for change which will initially be delivered in the form of a report back to the JLC - a chance to improve the situation now and for future generations.
Please give a few minutes of your time to support this important work by:
- contributing your views through a short survey (http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/CommissionOnWomeninJewishLeadership), sending a link to this page to your friends and sharing it on social networking sites
- making a donation to the work of the Commission at http://www.virginmoneygiving.com/CommissionOnWomeninJewishLeadership | <urn:uuid:620f9d6b-fed6-4dcf-90e1-f218e9938fce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thejlc.org/consult.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00330-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.943822 | 430 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Reports of the death of American economic primacy are exaggerated, as are expectations of future Chinese dominance. The past 15 to 20 years have seen a huge Chinese catch-up with the advanced economies that many are projecting far into the future. But the distortions entailed by China’s chosen mode of development now threaten it with a turbulent period of adjustment to an entirely different and probably uncongenial alternative route forward. Meanwhile, the unwinding of those same distortions will remove artificial barriers to the United States’ competitiveness and thus fuel future economic growth.
China’s fast growth and sheer size have produced a meteoric rise to over 13 percent of world GDP in 2010 measured at comparable dollar prices. But during the last 18 years of China’s supersonic expansion, Beijing has chosen to attach its economy to the United States. It fixed the yuan rate to the dollar in 1994 to stabilize an economy that had just seen inflation accelerate to 30 percent. At the time, that rate reflected China’s competitiveness. Over the period 1995 to 2004, China saw ten years of falling export prices, as idle rural labor was brought into the cities and profitably employed at low wages. The United States’ modestly positive inflation moved bilateral competitiveness sharply in China’s favor.
At comparable purchasing power, China’s GDP moved from 21 percent of the United States in 1993 to 75 percent in 2011. The dollar zone created by Beijing’s exchange rate policy is no longer a tiny Chinese “moon” attached to a huge U.S. “earth”, but a near-equal pair of seriously mismatched economies. The global market values the combined entity at roughly the “right rate,” but the result has been sustained overvaluation of the U.S. arising from the deliberate continuation of Chinese undervaluation.Enjoying this article? Click here to subscribe for full access. Just $5 a month.
In such a zone, the undervalued part (China) will tend to inflation, the overvalued part (America) to deflation. In July 2005, Beijing allowed the yuan to start rising against the dollar and by mid-2008 it had gained 18 percent. But clearly this was insufficient, with China’s consumer price inflation accelerating fast in 2006 to 2008 to top 8 percent. Meanwhile, the global economy approached crisis, driven by imbalances partly resulting from the relative cost shifts between the United States and China. The crisis provided China with a temporary relief from inflation at the expense of recession. The onus of the adjustment was temporarily shifted to U.S. deflation.
Beijing’s response to the crisis was re-fixing the yuan to the dollar in mid-2008 and then a massive monetary stimulus in 2009 to 2010. Inevitably, the result was inflation. By August 2010, Chinese inflation was up to 3.5 percent year-on-year from minus 2 percent in mid-2009, a huge 5.5 percent point shift in just over a year. The United States, fearing the onset of deflation, also tried to stimulate its economy. The Federal Reserve’s QE2 sent food and energy prices up 20 percent, pushing the adjustment further onto Chinese inflation, which rose to 6.5 percent year-on-year by mid-2011.
With the yuan allowed to increase against the dollar again since mid-2010, and Chinese wage costs now rising faster than prices, China’s unit labor costs are rising in dollar terms by over 10 percent. In the United States, they are flat to falling. The undervaluation of Chinese costs that Beijing hoped to preserve by controlling the yuan/dollar rate has been eroded at a 10 percent annual rate since late-2009. By mid-2012, the United States could see its relative bilateral competitiveness improved vis-à-vis China by more than 20 percent. China’s refusal to let the yuan appreciate was a blunder. Its real exchange rate has gone up hugely, but through the toxic “back door” of inflation.
The United States, now concerned with preventing government debt spiraling out of control, is engaged in sharp fiscal deflation that won’t be offset much by monetary ease or external growth, as Chinese growth slows down fast while Europe contends with a major recession. The global economy is teetering towards another hard landing in 2012. And from these “ashes” it is the American Phoenix that will rise. Renewed U.S. competitiveness will cause “off-shored” business to return to the United States, boosting capital spending, which cash-rich firms can easily finance. Public sector deleverage and rising household savings suggest the next 3 to 5 years are unlikely to see rapid demand growth, but a rising U.S. production share of what demand there is should ensure reasonable GDP growth.
The same can’t be said of China. Its export-led growth model is rendered obsolete by America’s inability to continue to run huge current account deficits on the back of excessive domestic borrowing. Its huge size compared to previous export-led economies, notably Japan, is a major problem, but China also quite simply is the one left standing as the U.S. music stops. Export-led growth is a dud strategy now the United States is unlikely to be the easy market of first resort.
China’s astonishing 46 percent fixed investment ratio to GDP necessarily involves huge wastage that will have to be curtailed. Much lower growth in future as the strong external demand of the past is no longer there implies much weaker investment growth. But consumer income depends on cash “trickling down” from the export and investment activity that have led the economy. This could be reduced unless the government, and associated state-owned banks and enterprises, willingly accept a much lower share of national income.
There’s little sign of this as the government dares not even raise interest rates above the level of inflation. The reality is that 2012’s tough global environment could herald several years of severe economic turbulence in China.
Charles Dumas is chairman of Lombard Street Research. Diana Choyleva is head of U.K. Service at Lombard Street. | <urn:uuid:009dafeb-dc6e-4b64-afb3-6f579de29046> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thediplomat.com/2012/01/china-get-ready-for-turbulence/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00067-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.948678 | 1,279 | 2.28125 | 2 |
The construction industry is constantly evolving, utilising new tech, methods and materials to deliver a more comfortable, cost-effective and energy-efficient built-environment. When analysing progress in these areas, much emphasis is put on the construction and operational phases of a building lifecycle. Perhaps less focus, however, is placed on manufacturing processes. As Henry Ford showed the world in 1913, innovative production methods can have the power to change the course of humanity.
Ford’s moving assembly line reduced the amount of time it took to make a car. What once was a 12-hour process could now be done in little more than an hour-and-a-half. With this breakthrough, Ford made cars affordable, available to the masses, and revolutionised manufacturing forever.
Breakthroughs such as the moving assembly line come along very rarely. But here at ArcelorMittal Construction, we take inspiration from the kind of indomitable spirit that makes these breakthroughs possible. While most of the time, progress is iterative (taking small steps towards an end goal) central to our philosophy is that there is always room for improvement. Everything can be bettered. The innovator’s work is never done.
MES at ArcelorMittal Construction
One example of ArcelorMittal Construction’s constant march for progress is our adoption of MES. An MES (or Manufacturing Execution System) is a system used to track the transformation of raw materials to finished goods in production to improve output and reduce lead times.
To try and put that in more tangible terms, Florian Chevallier, ArcelorMittal Construction’s lead industrial IT engineer, describes MES as “an information system providing checks and balances, for an all-round better approach to manufacturing.”
MES has been so successful at ArcelorMittal Construction that, since first introducing it back in 2018, we have continued our enthusiastic investment in the technology, rolling it out across production lines on plants all over Europe.
Benefits to the manufacturer
Our MES brings several key benefits. Essentially, it enables us to create a constant stream of better products and deliver ever improving service. But before going into the details of how the system benefits our customers, it is necessary to outline the benefits to us.
Accuracy – “A systematic, automated approach to data capture yields maximum data with maximum accuracy,” explains Hammad Mirza, industrial excellence and change leader at ArcelorMittal Construction. “By analysing this data, and optimising our manufacturing approach accordingly, we can dramatically improve our efficiency, cutting down on unnecessary scrap, stockpiling, and production downtime.”
KPIs – With accurate data, comes effective implementation and attainment of Key Performance Indicators. Everything from overall equipment effectiveness, to quality or cycle time ratio can be analysed, with the results driving performance improvement initiatives.
Consistency – Not only does the MES deliver an optimal procedure on an individual production line, it also ensures a standardized approach throughout our operation. “The cloud-based nature of our system,” says Florian, “means that the way we manufacture a certain product in France, would be exactly the same as the way we make it anywhere else in the world. The quality of the product and the resources required to make that product are always consistent.”
Efficiency – The automated nature of our sophisticated MES helps to eliminate human error. Optimised scheduling and computer-generated work orders streamline the processing of bulk orders and, for example, minimise the risk of an item being missed off an order or delivery.
Agility – Generally speaking, the larger a company is, the more complex it is, making it harder to enact new ideas or methodologies. For many large corporations, change is a slow thing. However, the digital nature of ArcelorMittal Construction’s MES, enables us to remain agile. We can continuously review and update our systems in synchrony. So – when a new and better way of doing something becomes apparent – we can react swiftly and decisively.
Benefits to our customers
“Although not primarily customer-focussed, the benefits of ArcelorMittal Construction’s MES do filter through downstream because ultimately it allows us to deliver better quality products and customer service,” says Hammad Mirza. “For example, say there was an issue with a colour on a particular line, MES would identify and rectify that issue before a single faulty product ever left the plant.”
Higher quality products:
Quality control - Effective KPIs plus an abundance of accurate data means that production issues are less likely to occur. In the unlikely event that there is a quality issue in manufacturing, MES means that the issue would be spotted and rectified swiftly.
Agility and flexibility – ArcelorMittal Construction’s agility means that our customers receive the best possible goods, made with the most cutting-edge methods. It also allows us to be more accommodating to individual requests. We make our production experts available to our customers so that we can collaborate with them to understand the challenge, then adapt our systems accordingly and deliver bespoke solutions.
Responsive – Thanks to the efficiencies of MES, we are able to adjust production line output quickly. Therefore, we can fulfil, cancel or adapt orders at short notice, right up until the moment that production commences. For our customers, all of whom face their own challenges and pressures, this level of responsiveness is very welcome indeed.
Logistics – The digitised nature of MES means that orders and delivery fulfilment are more thorough and user-friendly for the buyer. Data relating to things like work orders, quality checks and dispatch all serve for a better customer experience.
Inspiring smarter building for a better future
Our comprehensive range of construction products exist to inspire our customers to create smarter, more sustainable and aesthetically pleasing buildings. To achieve this, we must stay restless, always pushing ourselves to improve upon our market-leading offering. Our MES is just one of the things that make this possible.
Get in touch today and find out how we can support you on your projects | <urn:uuid:a4851505-ff7c-4781-9a94-c924477bca45> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://construction-export.arcelormittal.com/en/news-details/how-arcelormittal-construction-s-manufacturing-execution-system-helps-deliver-cutting-edge-products-and-superior-service | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.931635 | 1,290 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Philly wins major court ruling on immigration
“The conditions imposed by the DOJ were an unconscionable attempt to bully the City and its residents into changing our policies,” Mayor Jim Kenney said in a…
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Philadelphia’s standing as a sanctuary city won a major victory on Friday.
The U.S. Third Circuit Court of Appeals upheld a decision handed down last summer, on a lawsuit that Philadelphia filed in 2017, which affirmed that the Department of Justice (DOJ) cannot withhold funding to the city over its refusal to cooperate with Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).
The ruling is a blow to the DOJ which, under former Attorney General Jeff Sessions, stipulated that in order for Philadelphia to receive funds through the Edward Byrne Memorial Justice Assistance Grant Program, the city would have to allow ICE access to its prisons, as well as notify ICE of persons released from prison, upon request.
The DOJ also sought to ensure that Philadelphia complied with a statute that would prevent the city from withholding information regarding a person’s citizenship or immigration status.
“The conditions imposed by the DOJ were an unconscionable attempt to bully the City and its residents into changing our policies,” Mayor Jim Kenney said in a press release.
“On the very day the President declared a bogus national emergency to build a useless wall, I say to our immigrant community: we are glad you call Philadelphia home, and we will continue to fight for you,” he added.
In fiscal year 2017, the criminal justice grant funding would have totaled $1.598 million, according to the initial court decision, money the city said would have been dedicated to supplying police officers with Narcan to combat opioid overdoses.
The decision found that statements put forth by both President Trump and then-Attorney General Sessions, that immigrants commit more crimes than U.S.-born citizens, were false in the context of Philadelphia.
Friday’s Court of Appeals ruling held that Sessions “unlawfully imposed” the set of immigration-related conditions on the city.
“The Third Circuit’s decision marks a significant moment for all Philadelphians, including our immigrant communities. The hate-filled rhetoric about immigrants that has become a drumbeat from the Trump Administration sows fear and uncertainty in our communities and further divides our country,” said Office of Immigrant Affairs Director Miriam Enriquez in a statement.
“This decision reaffirms to our immigrant communities that we will always fight to ensure that Philadelphia welcomes all, regardless of where you came from or when you got here.” | <urn:uuid:e357c18c-4f30-4e69-8ef8-bc667aa290e2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://aldianews.com/en/politics/policy/immigration-win-philly | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00265.warc.gz | en | 0.959936 | 545 | 1.523438 | 2 |
As the number of cases of COVID-19 continues to rise across Canada, so, too, has anxiety and stress related to the pandemic.
Kaitlin O’Toole, an occupational therapist from the University of Alberta, says that now more than ever, online tools can be used to build resilience and wellness.
“These apps should not be seen as a way to replace clinician-based mental health interventions, but they can be a great starting point for those who aren’t comfortable seeking in-person support right away,” O’Toole explained.
O’Toole, who co-authored new research out of the U of A, said mobile health apps, such as Mindfulness Coach and LifeArmor, can be particularly helpful for military members and first responders seeking mental health support, as they may not have access to professional mental health services due to deployment, time constraints and social barriers.
O’Toole said the apps give users a sense of what mental health interventions look like and may help reduce the stigma related to mental illness.
“People become more familiar with mental health concepts and interventions,” she explained. “They practise breathing exercises, progressive muscle relaxation and other techniques that can be used in everyday life — during activities like yoga or stretching after exercise.
“Their view of mental health support starts to become more normalized.”
LISTEN BELOW: Kim Knull, a registered psychologist, joins the Ryan Jespersen Show to talk about COVID-19 and your mental health
O’Toole also provided some tips to find reliable mental health apps:
- Pay attention to reviews of apps. Recommendations can go a long way when they come from others who might be in a similar situation.
- Look for apps that include deep or diaphragmatic breathing, mindfulness strategies, visualization techniques and progressive muscle relaxation and sleep strategies.
- Seek out apps that provide ways to practise mental health strategies and techniques. These can take time to be effective, so it’s important to make sure you’re following the proper directions.
- Check the app’s developer to make sure it was created by a reputable source, such as a government veterans affairs agency. Reliable apps should be researched and tested carefully for effectiveness.
- Look for features that make you feel most comfortable. Many of the available apps use the same general concepts but can present their information in different ways. If you’re a visual learner, choose the app with more diagrams and videos. If you learn by reading, pick the app with more text.
“You are the one who is using the app, so it’s important to pick one that feels comfortable and will be the most useful for your own specific mental health needs,” O’Toole said.
Resilience apps that met the study’s inclusion criteria include AIMS for Anger Management, Breathe2Relax, Concussion Coach, DoD Safe Helpline, HighRes, LifeArmor, Mindfulness Coach, Mood Coach, Moving Forward, PTSD Coach, PTSD Family Coach and Tactical Breather.
“Although these apps are usually geared more toward promoting resilience in military members and first responders, they can absolutely be useful to anyone looking for online mental health strategies,” O’Toole said.
If you or someone you know is in crisis and needs help, resources are available. In case of an emergency, please call 911 for immediate help.
The Canadian Association for Suicide Prevention, Depression Hurts and Kids Help Phone (1-800-668-6868) also offer ways of getting help if you or someone you know may be suffering from mental health issues. | <urn:uuid:23c0a033-935f-4207-893a-bb1b5dacd12a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalnews.ca/news/6695127/coronavirus-mental-health-apps/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571758.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812200804-20220812230804-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.928426 | 772 | 2.46875 | 2 |
The Olympics is undoubtedly the biggest sporting event in the world. After an arduous struggle, Brazil emerged victorious when the IOC (International Olympic Committee) nominated Rio de Janeiro to host the ‘Games of the XXXI Olympiad’. Following three previous attempts to become a host country, Brazil finally won. Rio proudly stood above the other 5 nominees as she became the first country in South America to host the Olympics. After elimination of Chicago, Rio de Janeiro received 46 votes, against 29 in Madrid and 20 in Tokyo.
The theme for the 2016 Olympics is “Live your Passion”, that will run from 5th August 2016 until 21st August 2016. Rio has completed most of the Olympic venues:
Joao Havelange Stadium
Maria Lenk Aquatic Center
Rio Olympic Arena
Rio Olympic Velodrome
National Equestrian Center
National Shooting Center
The games will be help in four zone:Barra, Copacabana, Maracana and Deodoro.
The Brazilian government has put their hands into their pocket to churn out an estimated $25.9 billion, an unprecedented figure in the history of sport. Brazil is the 10th largest economy in the world and the World Bank predicts that it will be the fifth by 2016. The economic strength of the country has paved way for the Olympics. The country is look upon as the 5th largest advertising market of the world and they also have plenty of oil reserves.
This nomination will bring numerous benefits, both for the population of Rio de Janeiro, and for the rest of Brazil. There are other events that are scheduled to take place before the Olympics; the Military World Games (2011), the FIFA Confederations Cup (2013) and, perhaps even more desirable than the Olympics, the FIFA World Cup 2014.
Accommodation and transport are being upgraded to cope with the demands of mass tourism that will arise from this event. Many old buildings laden with graffiti and sport shattered windows have been renovated. Numerous restaurants, stores and cultural sites have popped up as well. It’s all about dressing up the city for the celebrations. Preparation for the 2016 Summer Olympics has generated thousands of construction jobs and a large investment in advanced technologies towards the safety and security of the event. Brazil seems to be going out of their way to give the biggest festival of sports the “oomph” it deserves.
Regardless of the tensions of the Olympic Games, it’s historically proven that sports have acted as a liaison between nations and have immensely contributed to their evolution. By choosing Rio, it could help the country develop faster and could bring an entire continent of people closer to the Olympic movement. It’s only a matter of a few years until 2016 arrives, and the entire nation is busy working on a recipe to make it a success. This is certainly going to be a massive challenge for South America and it appears Brazil is leaving no stone unturned. Rio will undergoes this transformation without ever losing the Carioca spirit and the Brazilian energy that uplifts everyone. | <urn:uuid:061ec641-2589-4ce8-90e9-c7ccbc3ca060> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.brazil-factoid.com/rio-2016-brazil-is-preparing-to-host-the-biggest-sporting-event-in-the-world | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00238-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959975 | 624 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Giclée - Definition & History
A giclee is a digital ink jet print made to reproduce artwork and photography. The process employs a highly refined ink jet print head that has thousands of tiny nozzles that sprays very fine, overlapping layers of pigmented ink onto paper or canvas to create stunning prints with superior clarity and color.
The term "giclee" is derived from the French noun "gicleur" meaning "jet, stream of liquid or gas forced out of an opening". More loosely translated, it means "to spray". The term was created by an early proponent of digital ink jet printing who wanted to elevate the awareness of the superior nature of this new printing process over traditional offset printing -- that a giclee was a print that was "sophisticated" or special.
This new ability to sell reproductions of original art and photographs on different substrates has made giclees a very popular means for artists to leverage the time it took to create their original work and to offer it for sale at a more reasonable cost than the original -- thus generating more revenue and expanding their customer base.
Print On Demand
Giclee prints have become the print method of choice for artists, photographers, art publishers and fine art museums who are looking for high quality reproductions. Not only is the quality of giclees superior to offset prints, but the upfront commitment of capital is far less.
Also, once a giclee is proofed and finalized for printing it can be reliably reproduced over and over again without any degradation because it uses a digital output method -- not a physical printing plate. This is a superior method for an artist because it means that they do not need to make thousands of prints of one artwork in order to achieve "economy of scale" because printing a giclee is relatively inexpensive when compared to the offset method. This ability to print a giclee -- even just one -- is referred to as being able to "print on demand". Picture Salon keeps a copy of the digital file in storage until another print is made.
Giclees were originally made using Iris printers that used archival dye inks. The paper was loaded on a rotating drum and took extremely long to print. Then, Epson came along with a new, more improved printer and introduced a line of pigmented inks that were far superior in terms of their color-fastness when compared to dyes inks.
Pigmented inks are very stable. Some of the more current inks are rated to last up to two hundred years without fading according to testing lab Wilhelm Research. Even though dye inks have a larger color "gamut" or range, pigmented inks are overall superior for their stablility.
The papers and canvas types that are used to make giclee prints are all specially coated to make the substrate's surface more receptive to pigmented inks.
The advantages of giclee prints are:
- Superior detail and color fidelity or "gamut"
- Color permanence rated to last at least one hundred years
- A wide choice of 100% cotton papers and canvases
Giclee prints offer the ability to reproduce artwork on a variety of specially treated substrates including canvas, fine art papers and photo papers. They also make reproducing artwork more cost effective than offset printing -- especially when produced in limited runs.
The term may sound foreign, but it is a pretty good deal all the way around! | <urn:uuid:c2c4c1bb-d8f3-4fc3-9242-bcb20420b0d2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://picturesalon.com/about-giclee | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00295-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956573 | 711 | 3.359375 | 3 |
These are the Homemade Bath Salts for kids to make, that we made today. The Blue jar still needs to be decorated. But the other one was made for a Mom as a Halloween gift from her daughter.
Empty jars of some sort. Different sizes
- Epson Salts
- Essential oils
- food coloring
Here is how we did it.
She started by decorating the lid.
She cut up green paper to glue onto the lid, then smeared glue on the outside edge of the lid and put green glitter on it.
She then glued the face on the jack-o-lantern. I then dumped Epson salt into the bowl so she could spoon it into her jar so that she could make just enough to fill her container.
I then emptied the bowl so she could dump what was in her jar, back into the bowl to mix.
She then added in the essential oils. Her pumpkin we did with peppermint, the blue one is cinnamon and nutmeg.
After putting in as much food coloring as she thought would make a good orange. Note: she learned that red and yellow make orange.
She started stirring it. She decided it needed another drop of yellow to be the perfect orange that she wanted.
She then used the funnel to get the orange scented salts back into her jar.
Alas, she has an orange Jack-o-lantern full of smelly bath salts for her mother.
When her Dad came to get her, she had decorated a gift bag also to take it home in. He thought the homemade bath salts came that color. He was very impressed with her ability to make this gift for her Mom. She was so proud and loved doing this. These make a great gift for parents, aunts, grandma’s, Even Dad’s that appreciate a good smelly soak in the tub. Have fun, and above all else enjoy your children. | <urn:uuid:b1316e1c-1fb4-4347-974c-42c58aa64e32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.amomstake.com/homemade-bath-salts-kids-make/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.978483 | 418 | 1.757813 | 2 |
by Bill McBride on 6/04/2010 09:59:00 AM
Friday, June 04, 2010
Here are a few more graphs based on the employment report ...
Percent Job Losses During Recessions, aligned at Bottom
Click on graph for larger image.
This graph shows the job losses from the start of the employment recession, in percentage terms - but this time aligned at the bottom of the recession.
The current recession bounced along the bottom for a few months - so the choice of bottom is a little arbitrary (plus or minus a month or two).
Notice that the 1990 and 2001 recessions were followed by jobless recoveries - and the eventual job recovery was gradual. In earlier recessions the recovery was somewhat similar and a little faster than the decline (somewhat symmetrical).
The dotted line shows the impact of Census hiring. In May, there were 564,000 temporary 2010 Census workers on the payroll. Starting in June, the number of Census workers will decline - and the two red lines will meet later this year.
The Employment-Population ratio decreased to 58.7% in May (from 58.8% in April). This had been increasing after plunging since the start of the recession. This is about the same level as in December 1983.
This graph shows the employment-population ratio; this is the ratio of employed Americans to the adult population.
Note: the graph doesn't start at zero to better show the change.
The Labor Force Participation Rate decreased to 65.0% from 65.2% in April. This is the percentage of the working age population in the labor force. This decline is disappointing, and the rate is well below the 66% to 67% rate that was normal over the last 20 years.
The reason the unemployment rate declined was because people left the workforce - and that is not good news. As the employment picture improves, people will return to the labor force, and that will put upward pressure on the unemployment rate.
Part Time for Economic Reasons
From the BLS report:
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (some-times referred to as involuntary part-time workers) declined by 343,000 in May to 8.8 million. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job.The number of workers only able to find part time jobs (or have had their hours cut for economic reasons) was at 8.809 million in April. This decline was a little bit of good news.
The all time record of 9.24 million was set in October.
These workers are included in the alternate measure of labor underutilization (U-6) that was at 16.6% in May.
Unemployed over 26 Weeks
The blue line is the number of workers unemployed for 27 weeks or more. The red line is the same data as a percent of the civilian workforce.
According to the BLS, there are a record 6.763 million workers who have been unemployed for more than 26 weeks (and still want a job). This is a record 4.38% of the civilian workforce. (note: records started in 1948). It does appear the increases are slowing ...
Although the headline number of 431,000 payroll jobs was large, this was only 20,000 after adjusting for the 411,000 Census 2010 temporary hires. The underlying details were mixed. The positives: the unemployment rated decreased to 9.7%, the number of part time workers (for economic reasons) decreased helping to push down U-6 to 16.6% (from 17.1%), hourly wages increased (slightly), as did the average hours worked.
Negatives include the employment-population rate declining, the few payroll jobs ex-Census, and a record number of workers unemployed for more than 26 weeks. The number of long term unemployed is one of the key stories of this recession, especially since many of them are now losing their unemployment benefits.
I'll have even more later ...
Earlier employment post today: | <urn:uuid:1d747f92-8a5c-49e0-bbf9-90f722fb7b4d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/2010/06/employment-population-ratio-part-time.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00353-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.976943 | 838 | 2.15625 | 2 |
From Fear to Fire: Secrets to Overcome Fear, Embrace your Gifts and Achieve Success
This is the place where real people share real challenges. Where you can find a common bond and uncommon wisdom through their stories. Use tips from the breakthroughs of others to jump start your success. Speaker, author, adventurer, and host Heather Hansen O’Neill takes you on the journey from fear to fire. Today we talk about regaining growth after a traumatic event.
This week’s theme: Post-Traumatic Growth
Trauma is defined as a person’s emotional response to a distressing event. Most traumatic incidents are unexpected and uncontrollable, pose a serious threat to one’s life, and feel out of one’s control. Our guest expert will assist us in focusing on how we can rebuild, redefine, and redirect being lost into being resilient, tenacious, and emerging better than we ever imagined possible. She will lead us to learn not only to survive but thrive from trauma. Also, gain an understanding of the 5 steps to Post Traumatic Growth: Education, Emotional regulation, Disclosure, Narrative Development, and Service.
has a unique background in education, nonprofits, and leadership combined with robust life experience. Nichole Myles weaves expertise and story together with insight from a nearly 25-year varied career, to deliver messages of setbacks and growth. The real traumas life can dole out. She lived through a violent relationship, moving into hiding, and even spending a stint homeless, before ultimately giving up everything (including her name) for the safety of herself and her children. Then rebuilding an entirely new life, in a new space, that gives back and thrives, Nichole doesn’t just speak on post-traumatic growth, she’s lived it.
In addition, Nichole holds a certificate of advanced graduate studies in Nonprofit Management, her CFRE (certified fundraising executive) designation, and a certification in Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI). She has 2 levels of professional level certifications in Trauma and Resilience. This enables her to look at the experiences of individuals and organizations from the perspective of ‘what happened to you’ instead of ‘what’s wrong with you’ and use those answers to foster healing, creativity, and growth: leveraging setbacks to create the greatest opportunity for abundant futures.
Nichole brings a track record of experience, creativity, and passion to every engagement – whether coaching, consulting, facilitating, or speaking, she will not only reveal that you already have the power to grow and live your best, she will show you how.
Connect with Nichole:
Quote of the Day:
“Trauma creates change you don’t choose. Healing is about creating change you do choose.” ~Michelle Rosenthall
Get on the waitlist to be invited to the book launch party, get free gifts, and a $.99 special on the new release of Where’s the Office? Moving Today’s Leaders from What IS to What CAN BE. Don’t miss out! | <urn:uuid:82bdf78b-69d5-4ede-aa34-40b7ad58fec1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://heatherhansenoneill.com/2021/12/08/post-traumatic-growth-with-nichole-myles/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570868.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808152744-20220808182744-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.933166 | 658 | 1.523438 | 2 |
In this Answer, we'll go through merge sort (see the general implementation here) and modify it to sort elements only between two given indices.
Merge sort is an algorithm that uses a divide-and-conquer strategy to sort an array. This algorithm splits an array into two halves, sorts those halves, and then merges them back together.
To sort the array between two given indices, perform the following steps:
Let's look at the code below:
def merge_sort(start, end, array): if len(array) <= 1: return array if start or end: return array[:start] + merge_sort(None, None, array[start:end+1]) + array[end+1:] mid = len(array)//2 first_half = merge_sort(None, None, array[:mid]) second_half = merge_sort(None, None, array[mid:]) i = 0 j = 0 new_array = while len(new_array) < len(first_half) + len(second_half): if i == len(first_half): new_array.extend(second_half[j:]) break if j == len(second_half): new_array.extend(first_half[i:]) break if first_half[i] < second_half[j]: new_array.append(first_half[i]) i += 1 else: new_array.append(second_half[j]) j += 1 return new_array start_point = 2 end_point = 6 array = [9, 1, 5, 3, 2, 10, 15, 4, 7] print(merge_sort(start_point, end_point, array))
midthat stores the midpoint of the array, and then the array is divided into two parts which are stored in
whileloop that goes through the sorted halves in order and merges them.
Note: Lines 31 to 33 set a start index, an end index and the array to sort. You may change those values to see how the code behaves.
Merge sort has a time complexity of
View all Courses | <urn:uuid:7146795e-8527-495d-b2b3-146b8d685aee> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.educative.io/answers/how-to-sort-an-array-between-two-indices-using-merge-sort | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00476.warc.gz | en | 0.729248 | 482 | 3.4375 | 3 |
This chapter explores the complex and multifaceted relationship between international trade and environmental protection. The global trade regime's normative principles, legal rules, and real-world consequences often contradict environmental governance. For example, there is tension between trade and environmental governance with respect to the commercialisation of endangered species, export of hazardous wastes, emissions involved in transporting goods, and patentability of living organisms. However, there are also synergies, which enable trade liberalisation and environmental protection to reinforce one another. For example, trade forces were key drivers in the reduction of ozone-depleting substances and the affordability of pollution abatement technologies. The chapter explores these conflicts and synergies by first discussing the literature that examines the positive and negative impacts that trade has on the environment. It goes on to look at the trade dimensions of various environmental regimes, and then environmental dimensions of the trade regime, within both the World Trade Organization and preferential trade agreements.
Wendy Asbeek Brusse
This chapter examines how the European Payments Union resolved the problem of currency convertibility and unlocked the potential of trade liberalization, thereby paving the way for the European Economic Community (EEC), which in turn spurred further intra-European trade. It first provides an overview of trade and payments before and immediately after World War II and goes on to discuss postwar approaches to convertibility and liberalization. It then considers the degree, speed, and commitment with which countries opened up their domestic markets to each other's exports under the Trade Liberalization Programme. It concludes with an assessment of Britain's efforts to join a wider free trade area with the members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.
This chapter assesses regional trade agreements (RTAs). The number of RTAs has grown rapidly since the World Trade Organization (WTO) came into existence in 1995. Roughly one-half of world trade is now conducted within these preferential trade arrangements, the most significant exception to the WTO's principle of non-discrimination. Governments have entered regional economic agreements motivated by a variety of political and economic considerations. They may prefer trade liberalization on a regional rather than a global basis for several reasons. The chapter then reviews the political economy of regionalism: why RTAs are established; which actors are likely to support regional rather than global trade liberalization; the effects that regionalism has had on the trade and welfare of members and non-members; and the relationship between liberalization at the regional and global levels.
Federico M. Rossi and Donatella della Porta
This chapter explores the relationship between social movements, trade unions, and transnational advocacy networks of resistance to non-democratic regimes in the global wave of democratization. It considers views from social movement studies within the democratization literature as well as views of democratization within the social movement literature. It also examines the diverse roles played by movements, depending on the type of democratization process and the stage in which mobilizations emerge (resistance, liberalization, transition to procedural democracy, consolidation, expansion). The chapter identifies a host of factors that produce the most favourable setting for democratization, including a non-syndical strike wave and/or a pro-democracy cycle of protest; increased political organization in urban areas, and a relatively dense resistance network; and the existence of pro-democratic elites able to integrate the demands for democracy coming from below (at least until transition is well initiated).
Sophie Meunier and Kalypso Nicolaïdis
This chapter examines the determinants of the European Union's trade power as well as the contribution of trade policy to the power of Europe in the international system. It first considers how the EU acquired and expanded competence to represent the member states in trade policy, from the Common Commercial Policy in the Treaty of Rome to trade policy after the Treaty of Lisbon. It then provides an overview of the EU trade policymaking process before discussing the exercise of the EU's trade power. In particular, it explores the European single market and world trade liberalization, settlement of disputes in the World Trade Organization, and the EU's retreat from multilateralism. The chapter also looks at preferential trade agreements, along with bilateral and regional agreements, and concludes with an analysis of how the EU is resolving the tensions inherent to being a world power in trade and through trade. | <urn:uuid:7a7da306-6328-4b8d-a547-589dd9282708> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.oxfordpoliticstrove.com/search?btog=chap&f_0=keyword&q_0=trade%20liberalization | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.93498 | 884 | 2.859375 | 3 |
Keeping ‘the feast’ on Memorial Day
Pay attention to all that I have said to you, and make no mention of the names of other gods, nor let it be heard on your lips. “Three times in the year you shall keep a feast to me. You shall keep the Feast of Unleavened Bread. As I commanded you, you shall eat unleavened bread for seven days at the appointed time in the month of Abib, for in it you came out of Egypt. None shall appear before me empty-handed. – Exodus 23:13-15
In Exodus 23, God instructed Moses to tell Israel that on every seventh year there was basically to be no farming. The land was to rest. In addition, the people were to leave their farms and households three times during that year to gather together and keep a feast before God. It was a time to worship, for reflection regarding duties to such our awesome and merciful God, and to once again be reminded that it was God who had delivered them from Egypt.
Today, America has many “feasts”. We celebrate in diverse ways the holidays of Thanksgiving, July 4th, Christmas, New Years , Memorial Day, etc. Part of celebrating these days, of course, is the food. Lots of it!
It’s reasonable for us to be reminded that, as Christians, we too have been delivered from Egypt, a type of the world. We too share the shortcomings of the Israelites. Let’s face it, Christians in America struggle with idolatry just as they did! During the feasts, Israel was to remove any thoughts of other gods of their heathen neighbors and to focus on total devotion to God, honoring Him alone, their deliverer without any concerns for their possessions and property they had left behind.
Today is Memorial Day, and I cannot help but be reminded that honoring others more than God is still a problem. It was a sin not confined merely to the Old Testament. In fact, in Matthew 23, the last “woe” Jesus directed against the Scribes and Pharisees was for the memory of dead saints.
Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the monuments of the righteous,
The Pharisees pretended to honor the prophets yet they were blinded to the loveliness and amazing beauty of the living Savior!!
In regards to Memorial Day, we would do well to be reminded that our Lord God is due the most honor, the occupier of our hearts, moreso than those who have fallen in service to our country. He is the one Who has delivered us from Egypt, who has transferred us out of the kingdom of darkness into His kingdom of light.
Honoring the dead more than the living is still a problem. Read this excerpt from the Berlenberger Bible:
“Ask in Moses times, who were the good people, they will be Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, but not Moses – he should be stoned. Ask in Samuel’s times, who were the good people, they will be Moses and Joshua, but not Samuel. Ask in the times of Christ, who were such, they will be all the former prophets with Samuel, but not Christ and His apostles.”
While we honor fallen Americans who served in the military, let us guard our hearts lest we honor the dead more than the living, lest we place more thought, allow more room in our hearts, and give more devotion to the dead when “the feast” belongs to our living Lord.
In short, we should not honor the dead more than the living! And Jesus lives! | <urn:uuid:29d3078e-48ac-41d9-8385-7483b8895660> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://5ptsalt.com/2013/05/27/keeping-the-feast-on-memorial-day/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00480-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.972739 | 769 | 1.859375 | 2 |
*This story first appeared in our latest Property360 Digital Magazine
Long-term change is washing through the lives of South Africans everywhere and shifting the foundations of what we call home.
People are downscaling, upscaling, relocating, and retiring and the reasons behind their moves are many.
Historically, most of those selling their homes downscale as a result of their life stage but, in these current times, downscaling because of financial pressure is fast becoming the most prominent reason for disposing of property.
Life-stage downscaling and financial pressure downscaling account for a total of 44% of property sales presently, says FNB senior economist Siphamandla Mkhwanazi, noting that the volume of sales because of financial pressure are the highest since 2011.
Read the latest Property360 digital magazine below
“These are evident across all price buckets, but more so in the affordable segments.”
In the ‘under R750 000’ price band, sales because of financial pressure are estimated to have risen to around 30% following relatively severe labour market pressures with rising unemployment for this lower-income earners, says Mkhwanazi.
He acknowledges though, that many of the property disposals may also be because higher-income households are selling investment properties to alleviate financial pressures.
“There are also rising incidents of corporates disposing of property to alleviate cash flow and balance sheet pressures.”
Mkhwanazi adds: “Interestingly, the trend looks similar to the 2008 crisis, although at a noticeably lower level. If the trend continues to track 2008, we should expect more properties on market because of downscaling, and a peak between Q2 and Q3.”
While financial pressure is a stress for many homeowners, increasing numbers of properties in the R1.6 million to R2.6m price bracket are being sold as sellers of these properties look to upgrade.
“We suspect that this is driven by the changing housing needs brought about by the pandemic and remote working, and the less severe job losses among these higher income earners.”
In Bellville, Cape Town, those who are downscaling often move in with their adult children, into retirement homes, or into smaller townhouse or sectional title properties, says Morné Veer, franchisee of Rawson Properties Bellville. Most of the downscaling is undertaken by older people while younger families are upgrading.
Very few sellers are moving out of Cape Town though.
In the Durban’s City, Berea, and Sherwood areas, it is a different story, says Bradley Bougardt, franchisee of Rawson Properties in these areas.
“Most people are selling their homes because of financial pressures such as job losses or failing businesses. These factors are influencing all price ranges.”
While some sellers are however, finding “great value” when buying new homes in their respective price ranges, more often than not they are entering the rental market or moving into shared accommodation or with their families. Most of those who move to renting are doing so temporarily as they recognise that property is a stable investment, and they will buy again at some point.
“There is a huge shortage of jobs and business is in a wait-and-see situation for the most part.”
Of the sellers who are relocating, Bougardt says there is a growing trend towards their moving to Gauteng for job opportunities or being transferred there.
He adds: “Very few buyers are upscaling at the moment but those who are seem to be upscaling within relatively close proximity to where they currently live.”
In Bryanston, Johannesburg, most sellers make the decision to sell for reasons of affordability and relocation, says Roberta Lee Dessington, sales and rental partner at Rawson Properties in the area. These reasons are seen throughout the various price brackets.
Sellers who are upscaling are doing so for more space due to home schooling their children or working from home.
“Those who are downscaling are moving into smaller homes close by, either rental properties to live in in the interim or moving in their families...They are not buying locally unless they are moving provinces.”
Some sellers are renting with a view to emigrate, while others are renting until there is more certainty about the future.
“They have sold their biggest asset and are able to make quicker decisions if needed.”
Mkhwanazi says total emigration sales continued to pull back from the recent peak of approximately 18% in Q4 2019 to 11% in Q4 2020. In the higher-priced segments though – particularly the R2.6m to R3.6m bands, these sales have started rising. This could also be a result of delayed decisions because of travel restrictions throughout the year.
The Rawson agents say that buyers include middle-aged buyers, young couples, and families looking for bigger homes.
“There are also quite a few speculative buyers around as tougher times will produce better value for the savvy buying market,” Veer adds. | <urn:uuid:8d5cad97-98c8-46ea-a8e3-ef88a02c18fa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.iol.co.za/lifestyle/home-garden/home/owners-downscaling-due-to-financial-pressure-fast-becoming-most-prominent-reason-for-disposing-of-property-5fff759e-d4bf-4660-8df4-b4c96ce34f8f | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.962106 | 1,068 | 1.632813 | 2 |
[Venezia, Giolito de Ferrari, 1544 or 1566]. Small 8vo (14.3 x 9.7 cm). Title page with large, engraved vignette pp. Contemporary vellum. Spine with black morocco label and gilt title. Red and white mottled edges.
Apparently the first edition of this work in verse, perhaps in the "tradition" of Oppian. Written by Matteo, conte de (or di) San Martino (1494-1556), an Italian scholar and linguist. According to Brunet, "Cette édition ne porte ni lieu d'impression ni nom d'imprimeur, mais elle a sur le frontispiece le Phénix, marque Giotto de Venise". Interestingly, a smaller version of the same vignette is repeated on the errata leaf verso. The publishing date is uncertain. Westwood and Satchell date it from 1566, but 1544 has been mentioned as well. Cancelled bookplate on front pastedown (Harvard Library, from the bequest of Mary P. C. Nash in memory of her husband Bennett Hubbard Nash, Instructor and Professor of Italian and Spanish 1866-1894). Small cancelled stamp on title page verso. Otherwise a very good, clean copy. Brunet V, p. 110 ; Westwood & Satchell, p. 188. Not in Dean. | <urn:uuid:1375cfe8-d980-402d-b860-ac06fafcb27a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://schierenberg.nl/category/ichthyology/product/67199 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570765.6/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808031623-20220808061623-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.755087 | 309 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Left to right: Jake Lampen, Abigail Streelman, Nicole Michmerhuizen, John Strikwerda
Since 2008, 14 Calvin College students have been named Goldwater Scholars. During that six-year stretch, no other liberal arts college in the United States has had more than 11.
“The level of consistency is incredible,” said Carolyn Anderson, a chemistry professor at Calvin who also serves as the college’s liaison with the Goldwater Foundation. “It’s a testament to the work the faculty does, the level of students we have, and of how integral they are to what we do. It’s nice to see them get the recognition they deserve.”
The Goldwater Scholarship is the premiere undergraduate award of its type in the field of mathematics, the natural sciences and engineering. The program was designed to foster and encourage outstanding students to pursue careers in those areas.
Among the best in research
In 2013, three Calvin students were honored as Goldwater Scholars, with a fourth receiving honorable mention status, putting Calvin in elite company again this year. (Only three colleges and universities nationwide have more Scholars than Calvin in 2013. They include Rice, Drexel, and Hendrix.) Calvin finds itself on a short list of colleges and universities that have three recognized scholars, which includes the likes of Harvard, John Hopkins University and University of Michigan, to name a few.
Equally as impressive is Calvin’s nomination success rate. According to Anderson all colleges and universities are able to nominate up to four students. Since 2008, 22 of the 24 nominations submitted by Calvin students have received recognition. (This includes eight students who received honorable mention status.)
“To have three honorees from one institution is unusual; to have four is almost unheard of,” said Matt Walhout, Calvin’s dean for research and scholarship. “Calvin students have had great success in the Goldwater competition in recent years. This is one of the big payoffs of our extensive undergraduate research program.”
“I think what it does is it gives us external validation of what we already know,” added Anderson. “We know we have excellent students that do excellent research that is cutting edge … . This gives us a certain foothold and credibility. We say we can do things. Goldwater agrees. Our students have done it.”
An impressive quartet
The 2013 Goldwater Scholars include biochemistry and engineering double major Nicole Michmerhuizen (Holland), chemistry major John Strikwerda (Holland) and biology major Abigail Streelman (Grandville). Physics major Jake Lampen (Zeeland), received honorable mention status. The four students, all in their third year at Calvin, are researching and publishing national papers and articles alongside faculty, and then sharing their research outcomes at national and regional conferences.
Michmerhuizen is working with biochemistry professor Kumar Sinniah researching a region of DNA associated with a person’s predisposition to developing type 1 diabetes.
“Research is so fascinating to me because there is so much we don’t yet understand about this complex world and our place in it,” said Michmerhuizen, “and I feel so incredibly blessed to be honored in this area that I am also so passionate about.”
Strikwerda is working with chemistry professor Roger DeKock on research concerning the atom and its electronic structure. He says through his research he’s learned that “when you overcome one challenge, the answer that you find can bring about several more questions and several more challenges.
“My research experience at Calvin … has taught me not to shy away from these challenges and these difficult questions; rather, to embrace them as the nature of scientific research and then earnestly seek their answers, no matter where those answers may lead.”
Streelman is working with biology professor John Wertz on a project that integrates computer science and biology. She is developing new techniques for researching bacterial communities (like those found in a water sample or in the human intestine) using one of Calvin’s new state-of-the-art instruments, the MALDI TOF mass spectrometer for analysis.
“It is such an honor to be put in this group of talented students and to represent Calvin in this way,” said Streelman. “I’m really excited where this will take me in the future. Grad schools like to see things like this on applications, which makes me a lot less nervous about the application process next year.”
Lampen is working with Walhout on studying the formation of sparks between electrically charged plates. The project connects with various subfields of fundamental physics, and its applications could range from water purification to the production of ultraviolet radiation.
Giving research a wider lens
The students all share in the excitement of being able to do such high-level, cutting-edge research at Calvin. But, they are equally as impressed with the context in which they are able to do it.
“The professors here care so deeply not only about science, but also about the God who orchestrated it and the students that they mentor,” said Michmerhuizen.
“My advisors, John Wertz and professor Serita Nelesen, care so much about me,” said Streelman, “not only that I am understanding what is going on in the lab and doing my job, but also that I am doing well in school and that my life outside of school is going well too.”
This year, a total of 271 scholarships were awarded from a nationwide pool of 1,107 mathematics, science and engineering nominees. Each of the Goldwater Scholars will receive $7,500 to be used toward tuition, room and board, books and supplies. | <urn:uuid:34b7bf15-c814-4ba1-8fff-78d74e1939b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://calvin.edu/news/archive/goldwater-tradition-continues-students-earn-top-research-award | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.960914 | 1,217 | 1.640625 | 2 |
Global Exchange was active during the energy crisis in 2000-2001, calling for public power and an end to the manipulation of our energy system by corporate powers such as Enron. When then-President George W. Bush visited California, the media widely covered our protests demanding energy price caps.
Due to the national securities issues following in the wake of September 11th, 2001, public interest in local energy issues dropped. Global Exchange focused its efforts on educational outreach, highlighting the link between US oil needs and the war as well as global warming impacts. We began the Freedom from Oil campaign, which focused on reducing the consumption of energy in the transportation sector. We also began to promote green alternatives through the Green Festival
, providing a platform for green ideas and social justice. Global Exchange was also an active participant in the student climate movement with the Energy Action Coalition.
Looking locally in 2008, Global Exchange campaigned for Proposition H, which called for San Francisco to transition to 100% renewable energy within 30 years. Prop H was defeated, in large part because of the funds Pacific Gas & Electric allocated to campaign against the proposition.
In 2008, we implemented the Green Careers Program and placed interns with a variety of green businesses. Through a partnership with a San Francisco city program called TrainGreenSF, we have helped prepare members of the work force for careers in the green industry and then placed them with a number of green businesses. With contacts in local green businesses and connections in the local community, we worked hard to promote the green workforce as a means to accelerate local, green economies.
In 2010 Global Exchange joined other environmental and social justice groups in a critical effort to stop California Proposition 23. Prop 23 was an oil industry-backed ballot initiative that would have undermined California’s cutting-edge carbon emission reduction goals and fledgling renewable energy sector. If passed, it would have been a major setback to national and international efforts to address climate change; but we mobilized and defeated Prop 23!
In 2010, we also launched an innovative grassroots economic development project for young people in Michigan. The Green Economy Leadership training (GELT)
program implemented green economy solutions (home weatherization, establishing urban gardens, etc.) while training individuals in how to build, work and live in a new local green economy/clean energy framework. GELT was based in Highland Park – a low-income community in Detroit. Full-time volunteers worked side-by-side with Highland Park community members to put energy efficiency and LEED for Neighborhood Development guidelines into practice. | <urn:uuid:4ad63de6-4ee1-420b-9841-f14104087c7b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://globalexchange.org/greeneconomy/background | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953426 | 510 | 1.929688 | 2 |
Professionals dedicated to preserving and protecting your growing investment
Why do I need a Certified Arborist?
Certified Arborists are tree care specialists dedicated to excellence in the field of Arboriculture. They are highly qualified in the care of your valuable trees and shrubs with knowledge of the most up-to-date advances and proven age-old techniques.
Certified Arborists are widely recognized professionals. They are educated and trained in:
Diagnosis and treatment of your tree and shrub related problems.
Proper pruning and management techniques for your valuable trees and shrubs.
Understanding tree biology.
Identifying and selecting the appropriate trees and shrubs for your landscape.
Installation and establishment of trees and shrubs to enhance your landscape.
Understanding the delicate soil and water relationships which affect tree and shrub health.
Nutrition requirements and fertilization techniques to keep your trees and shrubs in peak form.
Recognizing certain tree hazards and construction damage.
To maintain and beautify the world around us, residential property, commercial property or the town you live in. Certified Arborists are there to help you.
To qualify as a Certified Arborist, an experienced tree care professional must pass an extensive examination developed by an international panel of experts in the industry and academia. The International Society of Arboriculture maintains this voluntary certification program.
The educational program does not stop with testing. A Certified Arborist must keep abreast of new technology, by attending seminars and reviewing the latest publications to obtain necessary continuing education credits.
In today’s fragile environment, a Certified Arborist can maintain your landscape and help you preserve the aesthetic and ecological value of your trees and shrubs.
Please remember, Certification can attest to the knowledge background of an arborist, but it dies not guarantee or assure quality performance. It is a means to assist you in selecting an arborist who has a proven level of knowledge-based competency.
Not all arboricultural firms have Certified Arborists on their staff. When choosing a tree care firm, check the classified pages for those companies that employ arborists who are certified. Do not hesitate to ask any prospective arborist to see their International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) Certification Identification Card.
For additional information, contact your local Cooperative Extension Office, State Urban Forestry Department, ISA Chapter or the ISA Certification Office at (217) 355-9411. | <urn:uuid:ded7f7fb-9691-430a-ad31-1ffcc8cb1d8a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.onlytrees.net/certified-arborist | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.928962 | 518 | 2.1875 | 2 |
AIS-SART - The future Search and Rescue Transmitter
Apr 24, 2009
From January 1st 2010, after several years of product development and standardization work through international organizations, the AIS-SART will be adopted into the GMDSS regulations as an alternative to the Radar-SART.
The unique and innovative feature of the AIS-SART is the combination of its physical size and technical capability. The housing of the AIS-SART is identical to Jotron´s Radar-SART, type Tron SART20 - with total height of 251 mm and weight of only 450g.
Technically, the AIS-SART is based on the following principals; the unit will be programmed from the manufacturer with a unique ID code and receives its position via an internal GPS antenna. This data is combined and transmitted using the international AIS channels (AIS A and AIS B) in the maritime VHF band.Â
How does it work?
The transmitter sends out a specified pattern. Every minute, a sequence of 8 messages is transmitted; each message is transmitted in a 26 ms time slot. 4 messages are transmitted on channel A and 4 on channel B. All 8 messages are transmitted within a total time frame of 14 seconds. This time frame is defined to maximize the probability that one of the transmissions hits a wave top. It is only necessary to receive one of the 8 messages from time to time to accurately locate the AIS-SART.
How do you know that this is an AIS-SART distress signal?
Anybody who can receive and detect an AIS signal will also detect an AIS-SART. The transmission signal from an AIS-SART consists of an MMSI like ID code, where the first three digits will be "970". The ID code consists of a total of 9 digits and the AIS-SART uses the remaining 6 digits to indicate a manufacturer code (2 digits) in addition to the unit's unique serial number (4 digits).
In addition to the ID code that appears on the AIS and connected equipment, an AIS-SART will also be visualized on an electronic chart, connected to the AIS transponder onboard. An AIS-SART will be shown as a circle with a built-in cross.
AIS-SART test results
As part of the process to define an international standard for AIS-SART, 3 different tests have been conducted by IEC / IALA. Jotron´s AIS-SART has been used as a test object in all tests.Â
The initial test was done during the summer of 2008 in Oban, Scotland. The purpose of this test was to search for the AIS-SART using a ship, and to determine the required output power of the unit. The results showed that it was possible to detect a precise location from the AIS-SART at distances up to 8 &mdash 10 Nm (Nautical Miles). Similar results were obtained using the radar-SART, with the main difference being that the AIS-SART simplifies the search considerably because the position is plotted directly on the vessels electronic map system, because the AIS is a fully digital system. In addition, only one transmission of 26 ms is required to accurately get the position on the map, while the radar-SART requires continuous updates.
The second test was performed in Oban in September 2008. This test was to determine the obtainable range from a SAR helicopter. This test was done with a helicopter from the Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), UK. Again, the results were as expected and the signals were picked up at distances between 26 and 40 Nm at flights levels varying from 300 up to 2500 feet.
The last test was performed outside Key West, Florida in January 2009. This test was performed by the US Coast Guard (USCG), using a C-130 SAR (Search and Rescue) aircraft. The aircraft flew at different flight levels at 1000, 5000, 10000 and 20000 feet and recorded the maximum range that could be obtained. A search for a 406 EPIRB and a radar-SART was performed at the same time to verify and compare the results that could be obtained with the results from an AIS-SART. The AIS-SART´s were deployed at different heights above sea level to account for different operating scenarios from a man over board unit to a SART mounted on top of a larger life-boat.Â
The ranges obtained ranged from 40 Nm up to 132 Nm from the AIS-SART mounted on a 1m pole.
These range tests, together with previous tests performed from both helicopters and ships, show that the AIS-SART has a much superior performance compared with other locating transmitters (121.5, radar-SART). It can be located at a far greater distance, with GPS precision, using standard equipment (AIS) that automatically positions the persons in distress on a map. There is no doubt that the AIS-SART will contribute to a more effective and less time consuming search and rescue operations in the future, with the result that more people in distress will be saved!
The interest in Jotron´s new AIS-SART has been overwhelming, both from the market and authorities all over the world. Jotron expects to have a type approved AIS-SART during the summer of 2009. Furthermore, the AIS-SART will be implemented in an appendix to the European Marine Equipment Directive (MED), probably in the summer of 2010. In the meantime, authorities can issue national certificates to allow installation of the AIS-SART as soon as there are type approved products available. | <urn:uuid:012b224a-65f3-4d34-abf6-c078b440a3d6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.oceannavigator.com/March-April-2009/AIS-SART-The-future-Search-and-Rescue-Transmitter/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00048-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944297 | 1,197 | 2.28125 | 2 |
A couple of insignificant words shouldn't matter much, but to me, it meant a lot. Forgetting a few words meant having awkward, half-formed conversations with my parents. It meant feeling alienated from an ethnic community that was strongly bound by a common language. Most importantly, it meant losing an inherent part of my Vietnamese identity. Each time I forgot another word, it was like I was a little less Vietnamese.
Introducing Born and Raised. A Huffington Post Canada series that will delve into culture and language, growing up in Canadian cities and the responsibility some of us feel when we think about our parents' future. The stories are told by our editors, writers and by Canadians from coast to coast. We explore the effect of parents who never told us they were proud of us, what it means to be mixed-race in blogs, features, and through video and Facebook Live segments with our editors. These are daily conversations second-generations have with each other, but this time, on a larger platform.
In seventh grade, I took a family trip to India and my weight was the hot topic. Family members I hadn't seen in years commented on how "fat" I had become; and when I walked into stores to buy sarees or lenghas, store owners told my mom it wouldn't look good on me or fit. It was blunt, but it was normal.
I didn't grow up in Chinatown. Neither did my mother and father. My ancestors didn't come to North America to pan for gold or build the railroad. No one in my family paid a head tax. Chinatown was just a place we visited every weekend to stock up on supplies. Even still, this neighbourhood, this community, this place we call "Chinatown" has become very near and dear to my heart.
These three, blonde, 20-somethings were dressed as cotton pickers and had painted their faces in the most offensive, unrealistic mud black I've ever seen. They said absolutely nothing, only smiled, mouth closed. Here before me, like never in my life, were three white people targeting us, the non-white people in the bar.
I am Malala. I come from a lineage of women who fought stereotypes, racism and bigotry in their adapted homes in North America. I continue to fight it here in Canada. I am Malala because I understand what it is like to have others want to silence you, your beliefs and your actions. Each and every single Muslim woman who has been a victim of racism, prejudice and bigotry is Malala. | <urn:uuid:623225fc-6a46-4abb-ac37-021283ed8982> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/news/asian-voices/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00574-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.987024 | 524 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Online games and resources for probability
This is an annotated and hand-picked list of online tutorials, games, worksheets, and activities for probability. I have tried to gather only the best, to make sure they are truly useful for my site visitors!
Probability lessons at Maths is Fun
Online lessons and exercises for simple probability, tree diagrams, independent & dependent events, combinations and permutations.
Math Goodies Probability Lessons
Tutorials with lots of worked-out examples and online interactive exercises. Topics include independent and dependent events, addition rules, conditional probability, and more.
Free probability simulations for 7th grade
A set of four interactive probability simulations that use random digits in a spreadsheet file: die roller, two-coin toss, females/males in a sample of 10 people, and students who completed homework in a sample of 6 students.
Toads and Vines Game
A game played on a 100-chart of vines and toads. In level 1, answer questions about simple probability and get to move your piece. In level two, you work with the probability of two independent events.
A virtual dice roll. Choose the number of dice and how many rolls you want to do. The page shows both the actual and expected (theoretical) probabilities, and works for very large number of rolls.
How likely is each ball to be picked? Impossible, unlikely, even chance, likely or certain?
Virtual Experimental Probability
Roll die or two dice, spin a spinner, choose a card, or toss a coin virtually many times. The results are recorded so you can compare to theoretical probability.
Cross the Bridge (PDF)
This is a printable board game based on throwing two dice and the probabilities for the sum of the dice.
Counting and Probability - from Interactive Mathematics
A full chapter of probability topics online, covering for example counting, basic probability, conditional probability, independent and dependent events, probability distributions, and more.
Combinations and Permutations
A simple lesson from MathsIsFun.com.
The Monty Hall Problem
Try this interactive version of the famous Monty Hall problem. Includes a simple explanation of the solution, as well. In the Monty Hall Problem you choose one of three closed doors. Behind one is a big prize and behind others something else, like a goat. After you choose a door, Monty opens one of the doors where there is no prize, and you have a chance to switch.
Probability Interactive Activities
(click on 'probability' from the top menu)
Interactive tools for studying experimental and theoretical probability: an adjustable spinner, two regular 6-sided dice or customized dice.
This is an interesting article about modern visualisation techniques in the context of probabilities. The right picture really can be worth a thousand words.
Math Mammoth Statistics & Probability
This book is written as a self-teaching guide to adult audiences, and can be used as a high school book. It presents the basics of probability without formal proofs. The concepts will be developed from examples using coins, dice, cards, and other common probability devices. The book has problems at the end of each chapter and section, a 60-question "final exam", and answers to all problems.
You can find a chapter on probability in the following books as well:
|Mathematics, a Human Endeavor: A Textbook for Those Who Think They Don't Like the Subject
Though technically a textbook, this is excellent reading for anyone who's interested in learning about math. The subjects provide the reader with a broad introduction to the mathematical sciences, including geometry, probability, combinatorics, statistics, topology and more. More importantly, Jacob's examples and explanations make it relevant and fun.
|Challenge Math For the Elementary and Middle School Student
There is a great lesson at the beginning followed by practice and then three levels of questions. The author has taken concepts that are generally saved for older kids (and can be dry and tedious) and made them accessible to a younger age group. Some of the concepts are fairly simple but as you work through how to apply them with increasing difficulty to some real-world problems then it does get you thinking.
|Precalculus with Trigonometry: Concepts and Connections
By Paul Foerster. Following the line of his excellent textbooks for high school math. | <urn:uuid:1d7314a0-f0e8-47d1-87fc-eccde2d1a923> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.homeschoolmath.net/online/probability.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908372 | 911 | 3.265625 | 3 |
By the Pacific Ocean include Solomonsea. It is an inter-island, washing the shores of the islands, like Solomon, New Guinea and New Britain. Next to this pond located other sea coral and Bismarck. The area of the sea of Solomon is about 755,000 km. sq. . Its depth, on average, equal to 2652 m maximum depth was recorded in the New Britain Trench - 9103 m.
Map Sea Solomon shows that itis the territory of states such as Papua - New Guinea and the Solomon Islands. The main sea port is considered to Honiara, which is the capital of the Solomon Islands. Several large islands are located in the waters: Bougainville, New Guinea, New Britain, New Georgia, Buka, Guadalcanal and Louisiade archipelago.
The relief of the sea bottom is represented by two deephollows. Underwater hides numerous active volcanoes. In the southern part of the area has a lot of coral formations and reefs. Increased volcanic activity seen near New Georgia. Due to the activity of the volcano in 2003 Kawachi largest ridge was submerged. On the other side of the waters through an underwater shock Nuon rose Peninsula (part of the island of New Guinea).
Coral reefs are very popularfrom diving enthusiasts. Solomon Sea Underwater nature is very picturesque. In addition, at the bottom, there are shipwrecks and downed aircraft. The larger islands are volcanic, and smaller - coral. Solomon Sea Coast covered with a shroud, and tropical forests. Deepest Sea basin - Novobritanskaya Basin. The flora and fauna of the reservoir is represented by a variety of corals, starfish, crab, octopus, sea horses, tropical fish, and so on. D.
The climate is a transition from the hot and humidequatorial to subequatorial. At the sea surface water temperature is 27 degrees. Salinity is 34.5 ppm. Above the water area the thick clouds there are 220 days in a year. At the same time about 145 days of sunshine in the area are two rainy seasons. In winter, the weather depends on the equatorial north-west monsoon, and in summer - from the south-east trade winds. The air temperature is about 27 degrees year round.
The economic importance
Coastal countries are considered poor. Solomon Islands - a country with a shattered economy. Almost all indigenous people employed in fishing and subsistence farming. Exports are products such as fish, cocoa and copra. After Solomon Sea communicates the Solomon Islands and New Guinea with Japan, Australia and the UK. In recent years, the islands are actively developing tourism. | <urn:uuid:3eda57af-0e85-466f-9f08-1d1f6fc868f3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aroundtravels.com/different-countries/solomon-sea-map-photos-coast-sao-tome.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00492-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938737 | 553 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Optometry student wins first place InfantSEE Scholarship, gains extensive externship experience
Shelby Baugh Bruner decided she wanted to be an optometrist when she was 10 years old.
“I required visual correction at a young age,” said Baugh Bruner, who is wrapping up her third year in the University of Missouri–St. Louis’ optometry program. “I was in a situation where neither of my parents needed glasses, so it never really came up until I started struggling, telling them I can’t see the board.”
Her first visit to an optometrist sealed her lifelong goal.
“In the beginning it was all the cool technology they had in the offices I went to,” she said. “I thought, ‘This is so neat they get to play with these machines all the time!’”
Those first experiences also contributed to her passion for infant vision screening, said Baugh Bruner, who was recently awarded the 2016 first place $5,000 InfantSEE Scholarship sponsored by Vision West.
InfantSEE is a public health program, managed by Optometry Cares – The American Optometric Association Foundation. Under the program, AOA optometrists provide a no-cost comprehensive eye and vision assessment for infants 0-12 months regardless of a family’s income or access to insurance coverage.
Through Vision West, InfantSEE Scholarships are offered to optometry students who plan on becoming program providers and demonstrate academic seriousness about preparing professionally for the program.
Baugh Bruner gained familiarity with InfantSEE during her undergraduate years at Missouri Southern State University. She worked with Dr. Gregory Goetzinger, an AOA optometrist who offered InfantSEE examinations through his practice in Carthage, Mo.
“The earlier you find a problem, the better the outcome is going to be,” Baugh Bruner said. “A lot of the time people say, ‘I look at my baby, and they’re doing everything normally. I’m not seeing any delays.’ But some visual problems can go undetected for long periods of time, and they’re going to have a bigger impact once the child gets into school.
“Maybe they’re having trouble even with colors and sitting still. It may look like a behavioral problem, but it’s really just that the patient can’t see. And they don’t know how to tell you that because it’s always looked like that to them.”
Baugh Bruner plans to use the InfantSEE Scholarship to fund an extensive yearlong externship experience, which she said will allow her to see many different types of patients and practice a broad range of vision assessment and care. Externship opportunities were actually one of the reasons Baugh Bruner chose UMSL.
“UMSL’s College of Optometry has one of the best externship programs,” she said. “They have a lot of options where you can do your eight-week rotations your last year.”
Baugh Bruner will start this summer in St. Louis, rotating through St. Louis Children’s Hospital, People’s Health Centers, Myrtle Hilliard Davis Comprehensive Health Centers, Delta Gamma Center for Children with Visual Impairments and the Lindell Eye Center.
“Many of these clinics serve the uninsured and medically undeserved populations of St. Louis,” she said. “These clinics are important because they enable people to receive eye care who otherwise would not be able to.”
The majority of her scholarship will fund her living expenses for externships outside of St. Louis. Those include stints at the Missouri Eye Institute in Springfield, Mo., the Carl Albert Indian Health Facility in Ada, Okla., and Carthage [Mo.] Eye Care owned by Dr. Tamra Soriano.
It won’t be Baugh Bruner’s first time working with Soriano, whom she job-shadowed in high school.
Baugh Bruner wants to practice primary care and full-scope optometry, making her broad externship experience valuable. Thinking about her approaching graduation next year, she teased she’s not turning down any early job offers. No matter where she practices, Baugh Bruner plans on always being an InfantSEE provider.
“Early detection is the biggest and best step you can take to improve a child’s long-term vision health,” she said. “This is my way I can give back to the community. Not only am I directly giving back to that child and that family, but it helps that I’m also instilling in their minds the importance of eye care for life.”
Short URL: http://blogs.umsl.edu/news/?p=62295 | <urn:uuid:5080f90c-ae6d-40b9-8545-bc75617b7030> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.umsl.edu/news/2016/05/05/baugh-bruner/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279224.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00479-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952647 | 1,034 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Orange robot cleaners to launch at Dubai Metro stations
The development is part of the UAE’s wider artificial intelligence (AI) strategy…
If you’re passing through the metro station on your daily commute in the coming weeks, don’t be surprised to see a robot cleaning up around you.
Dubai’s Roads and Transport Authority (RTA) has announced it is bringing in a fleet of orange robots to clean up Dubai’s metro stations.
In a brief post on Twitter, the RTA described that the the launch is in line with the wider ‘UAE Artificial Intelligence Strategy’.
— RTA (@RTA_Dubai) February 20, 2019
The UAE Strategy for Artificial Intelligence (AI) was launched in October 2017, and aims to make the UAE the first in the field of AI investments in various sectors, boost government performance and overcome challenges and provide quick efficient solutions through an array of sectors. The strategy covers everything from transport and traffic to environment, health, water and education. | <urn:uuid:fa77a2c5-ab7e-450d-94f0-f38931765f0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://whatson.ae/2019/02/orange-robots-to-clean-up-dubai-metro-stations/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.932628 | 213 | 1.773438 | 2 |
House approves bill to reestablish ENA
The Ethiopian parliament has passed a draft bill dubbed ‘Food and Medicine Administration Proclamation’ restricting smoking in all indoor workplaces, public places and means of public transport and prohibited alcohol promotion on broadcasting medias.
It is to be recalled that the bill was first tabled before the House of People’s Representatives (HPR) in November, before it was referred to the Women, Youth and Social Affairs Standing Committee.
Then after, Abeba Yosef, Chairwoman of the Standing Committee brought the resolution back to the House on Tuesday explaining the major revisions and insertions made in the bill, pointing out the additions of stricter provisions especially on the age limit of tobacco and alcohol consumers.
For instance, the newly indorsed proclamation [in Art. 49/1] introduces a provision that prohibits the direct or indirect sell or offer of tobacco products to any persons under the age of 21 differing from the age limit stated under the original draft bill, which was set at age 18.
In addition, Article 43 of the original draft bill proposes the prohibition of smoking and tobacco use in public places, in any outdoor parts of healthcare facilities, government institutions, facilities including schools intended mainly for children or youth under the age of 18, higher education institutions, as well as any other places. Now, the revised bill endorses the age limit put on places intended for children or youth to be at age 21.
Similarly, the bill stipulates that it shall be illegal to sell any alcoholic drink to anyone under the age of 21 while the age limit originally proposed was age 18. Additionally, the prohibition of selling tobacco products within the premises and within ten meters of a premise is extended to 100 meters, where smoking and tobacco use is prohibited under this revised and endorsed proclamation.
Even though the original bill allows for any financial or in-kind charitable contributions provided that the contribution is not, in any way, publicized and it does not have the aim or effect of promoting tobacco products; the new bill prohibits the tobacco industry from making any financial contribution to charitable organizations.
Furthermore, according to the new bill, tobacco packaging must clearly contain visible health warnings to smokers.
Regarding alcohol advertisements, there was a restriction proposed in the original draft bill stating, “Any alcoholic drink whose volume is less than 10 percent may only be advertised through broadcast from 9:00 PM in the evening to 6:00 AM in the morning.
Nevertheless, after the standing committee’s revision, the bill bans total advertisement of alcohol drinks via broadcasting media and is stipulated as, “Any advertisements of alcohol drink is prohibited including volume of alcoholic content, its products brand, its trademark, logo, trademark identities and related services. Similarly, billboards shall also be affected the same. Where applicable, the advert shall contain a warning – in print or sound while the legal age for which a person can purchase alcohol shall be 21.
In addition to restricting alcohol and tobacco use, the bill also brings stricter provisions aimed at prohibiting the smoking of Shisha, which is identified as another social challenge affecting many.
Countries in the Eastern Africa region, have in recent years, upped the fight against smoking especially water-pipe tobacco popularly referred to as shisha.
Kenya, in 2017, joined Rwanda in issuing total shisha ban pursuant to the World Health Organization (WHO) advisory note. The first East African country to ban shisha was Tanzania in 2016.
According to WHO, the smoke inhaled in a typical one-hour shisha smoking session is equal to inhaling the smoke from as many as 100 sticks of cigarettes. Shisha contains cigarette tobacco, so like cigarettes it contains nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide and heavy metals, such as arsenic and lead. As a result, shisha smokers are exposed to the same kinds of diseases as cigarette smokers, such as heart disease, cancer, respiratory disease and problems during pregnancy.
The details of the endorsed proclamation also includes: several revised provisions on medicine and medical device advertisings and promotions, food and drink products as well as several health and medical related issues.
In another news, the House, in its third extraordinary session called on Wednesday has also approved a proclamation intended for the re-establishment of the State-Owned media institution, the Ethiopian News Agency (ENA).
The newly endorsed proclamation will enable ENA to have an institutional autonomy and disseminate information accordingly.
It is to be recalled that, after the approval by the Council of Ministers, the draft was referred to the Law, Justice and Democratic Affairs Standing Committee for further recommendations.
According to the information posted on its website, ENA currently has more than 35 branches across the country and is among the pioneering media houses with over 70 years of rich experience.
Ethiopian News Agency is one of the oldest news organizations in Africa, with its inception dating back to 1942. | <urn:uuid:6a092834-04fb-4439-a744-31e9a8d31d04> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thereporterethiopia.com/7409/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.949267 | 993 | 1.53125 | 2 |
Mitt Romney isn’t alone among the one-percenters worried about getting pink slips. A new survey from American Express Publishing and Harrison Group shows that 28% of the top 1% of earners are worried about their jobs. Fully 21% of the one-percenters who are corporate executives fear that they may lose their job over the next year, according to the survey. Even one-percenters who own their own companies are worried. One quarter of those business owners say they worry that their companies may not survive over the next 12 months.
The 1% is also worried about its wealth. Fully 38% worry that they might run out of money at some point during their lives, which is why their average savings rate is 33%. We can all hold the violins, of course. Next to 8% unemployment, a CEO worried about losing his multimillion-dollar paydays pales in comparison. And most Americans would never be lucky enough to save a third of their income. But the anxieties of the elite have a real impact on the economy and recovery. Remember that the top 5% of earners account for more than a third of consumer outlays. If they’re hoarding cash and worried about their companies, they’re not hiring or spending–and thus, not creating jobs. “America’s top One Percent income earners are holding their surplus cash under the nation’s collective mattress,” said Jim Taylor, vice chairman of the Harrison Group. “They have yet to recover their optimism for the economy, convinced we are still in a recession and concerned that the recession has more than a year to go before fundamental recovery. ” He said a recovery in the optimism and investments of the wealthy may be two or three years off. Why do you think the one percenters are so worried about their jobs and money? | <urn:uuid:7b69e8f4-1cec-45aa-a9fe-f5a313004a25> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://blogs.wsj.com/wealth/2012/03/14/the-job-worries-of-the-one-percent/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280761.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00097-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.975938 | 379 | 1.679688 | 2 |
No engine propels the coasting schooner Lewis R. French. Her four lower sails and two topsails are raised and trimmed each day the old-fashioned way, by hand, and the anchor is hoisted manually too, using a windlass.
She is the oldest surviving Maine-built schooner, a National Historic Landmark, and a beauty: 64 feet long, 19 feet at the beam, and all wood, with two masts, a fixed keel, a clipper bow, and a handsome gray hull.
According to co-owners and co-captains Garth Wells and Jenny Tobin, she looks and sails today the way she did when she was launched almost a century and half ago, in April 1871, and they wouldn’t have it any other way.
The schooner started out hauling lumber, granite, fish, Christmas trees, and other freight along the Maine coast but since the early 1970s has been carrying passengers only. Every year between May and October, Wells and Tobin offer an assortment of four- to six-night cruises out of Camden targeting the hundreds of scenic islands between Boothbay Harbor and Bar Harbor. They welcomed me aboard last July for their once-a-year birding cruise, led by the accomplished husband-and-wife birding team of Derek and Jeannette Lovitch, owners of the Freeport Wild Bird Supply in Freeport.
A number of well-known island hotspots, including nearby Monhegan Island, Eastern Egg Rock, and Matinicus, were on the list of possible destinations, and Derek and Jeannette advised keeping watch for such Gulf of Maine specialties as Manx, Sooty, and Great Shearwaters, Leach’s and Wilson’s Storm-Petrels, Common, Arctic, and Roseate Terns, Great Cormorant, Razorbill, Black Guillemot, and Atlantic Puffin, yet Derek, author of the 2012 book How to Be a Better Birder, warned against calling the cruise a pelagic.
The wind and the tides
On a typical pelagic trip, he explained, where you go and how fast you go is limited only by the size of your boat’s engines and your tolerance for seasickness. On this trip, the itinerary and speed would be determined largely by the wind and the tides.
The arrangement probably would not suit a birder in a hurry to top off a big year or in need of a particular species for the life list, but it’s ideal for a birder like me who loves the ocean and its birds and whose bucket list has long included going to sea on a historic sailing vessel. It’s also a nice way to spend time with a non-birding partner, and it has other advantages, as we learned at our first destination, Seal Island, which lies east of larger Matinicus Island about 25 miles southeast of Camden.
Narrow, only a mile long, largely barren, and lined on one side with steep cliffs, Seal looks every bit like a place you would expect to find a thriving seabird colony, but for many years there was none. Egg collectors and hunters persecuted the puffins, razorbills, and terns that had nested historically, and then chick-stealing Herring and Great Black-backed Gulls moved in, displacing the seabirds. The last puffins nested on the rock in the late 1880s, the last terns in 1936. From the 1940s until 1966, the island served as a bombing range for the U.S. Navy.
A restoration project was begun in 1984, and signs of its success were all around us as we dropped anchor. Black Guillemots paddled through the waves, black-capped terns wheeled high overhead, and star-eyed puffins sped past on whirring wings, many with fish in their big blue, yellow, and orange bills. According to the Gulf of Maine Seabird Working Group, more than 2,500 pairs of Arctic and Common Terns nest on the island today, along with more than 500 pairs of puffins, more than on any other Maine island. (The largest colony in the Gulf of Maine is on Machias Seal Island, New Brunswick. It hosts more than 6,500 breeding pairs.)
Ominous events recently made Maine’s Razorbill and Atlantic Puffin the subjects of renewed conservation concern.
The first occurred in the summer of 2012, when only about a third of the puffin pairs on Seal Island fledged a chick. Usually, 77 percent do.
Then, at the beginning of 2013, thousands of Razorbills showed up south of their winter range, some as far away as the Florida Keys. On their return trip to Maine, in February and March, hundreds washed up dead on Cape Cod.
At Seal and nearby Matinicus Rock, researchers with Project Puffin counted a third fewer nests in 2013 than in 2012, while at Machias Seal Island, the largest puffin colony in the Gulf of Maine, only 15 percent of pairs produced a fledgling. The researchers speculate that many birds simply took the year off.
Rising ocean temperatures are to blame, says Project Puffin. Warmer water causes white hake, Atlantic herring, and other fish to move either northward or to deeper, colder water, thus making the puffin’s most important forage fish less available.
The only good news in 2013 came from puffins on Eastern Egg Rock, the southernmost colony in Maine. The number of pairs there increased from 104 to 111, and most fledged chicks. Unlike puffins at other colonies, scientists say, the Egg Rock birds not only found ample hake and herring but supplemented their diet with redfish, a species that isn’t shifting its range northward or into deeper water.
Every year, Seal’s seabirds attract a small team of biologists and other seasonal researchers, who make do with tent living while conducting surveys, monitoring nests, tracking food quality and quantity, checking growth rates of chicks, and watching for banded birds. All that monitoring has enabled scientists to assemble telling evidence of how climate change is affecting fish stocks that Atlantic Puffins and other birds depend on (see sidebar above), and it has given the researchers a front-row seat for one of the best shows in town: the daily sorties of a way out-of-range Red-billed Tropicbird.
Tropi the tropicbird
The bird — a beautiful male with white feathers, a mottled back, a bright red bill, and long, thin tail feathers — would no doubt feel more at home in the Lesser Antilles, but every summer since July 2005, he’s been vacationing on Seal, taking apparent delight in strafing terns. His appearances have become so reliable that the locals have given him a name: They call him Tropi.
Just weeks before we arrived, Neil Hayward, the British birder who broke the Big Year record last year, motored out to the island to make the tropicbird the 650th entry on his history-making list. He saw Tropi not from a schooner but from the deck of a lobster boat piloted by John Drury, a guide who lives on the island of Vinalhaven.
The summer before, Drury happened to show the bird to Keith Mueller, the acclaimed carver and painter from Connecticut. Mueller was so grateful that he carved a tropicbird decoy out of eastern white pine, gave it a traditional inletted head and an arching tail of durable dogwood, painted it realistically, and shipped it to the guide as a thank-you gift. When Drury later deployed it in the waters off of Seal, just days before we arrived, it proved so lifelike that Tropi not only landed nearby but swam toward it, displayed for it, nuzzled it, and then, as Drury looked on in wonder, tried to mount it.
Sail on the Lewis R. French
The Lewis R. French sails out of Camden Harbor, Maine, every week between May and October. It accommodates 21 passengers. You can find rates and a complete sailing schedule, as well as detailed information about the schooner and its colorful history, at https://schoonerfrench.com.
Lacking a decoy of our own, we failed to locate the tropicbird even after a few hours of searching, but we weren’t disappointed. Because the Lewis R. French has a shallow draft, we were able to spend the night in a protected cove close to shore, where we got to witness something just as unusual — we listened to the Leach’s Storm-Petrel.
Small and secretive, Leach’s lays only one egg per year, usually in a well-concealed crevice or burrow located near water. The bird is not only nocturnal but wary, so much so that pelagic birders and seawatchers alike say it is extremely difficult to see. (We were lucky to spot one while we sailed to the island.) It is not attracted to ships, it rarely lingers on the aromatic slick of fish guts and blood that tour operators traditionally ladle overboard to attract birds, and like all storm-petrels, it usually remains silent away from the colony.
It is generally quiet at its nest during the day, too, but it will vocalize as it flies to and from its burrow in the dark. So the day we searched for the tropicbird, I joined Derek and a few other birders who lingered on deck under a nearly full moon in hopes of hearing the storm-petrel’s call.
Laughter from the great beyond
By the time I finally retired for the night, I still hadn’t ticked what would be a much-appreciated life sound. When I rejoined the early risers on deck before dawn the next morning, the moon was nowhere to be seen, the schooner was surrounded by fog, and the storm-petrels were calling. Their soft utterances — bursts of staccato chattering interspersed with single longer notes — came to us like laughter from the great beyond.
When we later toasted our good luck with hot coffee and warm muffins from the schooner’s wood-fired oven, I wondered, Where else but aboard a boat at anchor would I have found the quiet, and been allowed the time, to hear that?
The experience brought to mind something I once heard BirdWatching Contributing Editor David Sibley say. In a mature forest in the heart of Swainson’s Warbler’s range, he was asked whether the bird deserved a reputation for being difficult to find. Sibley didn’t think so.
If you’re in the right habitat at the right time, he said, and if you’re patient, Swainson’s isn’t all that hard to see. The problem, he explained, is that most birders don’t wait. They arrive at a promising spot, they make a quick scan with their binoculars, and then, after a moment or two, they move on.
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This article was published in our August 2014 issue.
What they should do, he might have said, is drop anchor. It was a strategy that produced not one, but a series of minor aural miracles during our six-day birding cruise.
One was listening to an unseen Great Horned Owl whose hooting reached us as we overnighted in the Fox Island Thorofare, the mile-wide strait separating Vinalhaven and the island of North Haven.
Another came during a morning birdwalk along a mossy, fern-lined trail on Vinalhaven, when we were treated to the song of a Winter Wren, a bird I normally record only during migration.
A third took place the evening we rowed ashore to McGlathery Island, between Stonington and Isle Au Haut, to eat lobsters boiled over a fire built right on the beach. The meal is a highlight of every cruise on the Lewis R. French, but this one came with special musical accompaniment, courtesy of a Swainson’s Thrush in a spruce tree on the opposite shore.
Ironically enough, though, our best results came the day Captain Garth and Derek and Jeannette decided not to stay put, but to try our hand at some honest-to-goodness pelagic birding.
With full sails and a bucket of chopped herring to use as chum, we set a course for Mount Desert Rock, a remote bit of stone located about 25 miles east of Isle Au Haut. A lonely-looking light tower and light keeper’s house that have stood on the rock since the early 19th century do double-duty today as a classroom for oceanography students and a field station for researchers from Maine’s College of the Atlantic.
At work on a five-year study of marine-mammal populations in the Gulf of Maine, they cherish the site because it sits in an area where cold, nutrient-rich ocean waters well up from below the surface, attracting harbor porpoise, common and white-sided dolphins, harbor and gray seals, and humpback, fin, and northern right whales. We saw only one mammal, a fin whale, but quickly became fans of the location, too, when we came upon a massive raft of seabirds.
They were Great Shearwaters — large, sleek, dark gray-brown birds marked with a blackish cap, a black bill, and a narrow pale collar.
Champion aviators, they breed some 6,500 miles to the south, on a tiny archipelago in the South Atlantic about midway between South Africa and South America, and are seen in the North Atlantic only during our summer, their nonbreeding season. Counting furiously as we inched past, Derek and Jeannette estimated that more than 700 were sitting on the water.
Few of the birds appeared disturbed by our approach or even to notice us. Most simply paddled out of the way. So we came about and sailed slowly past them again, this time as Derek flung tasty herring treats from the stern.
Ever opportunistic, the shearwaters raced to claim the prizes before they sank, dashing across the surface with wings raised and then lunging into the water. Many were so close to the hull that we could see their outstretched necks underwater. What’s more, under sail, our boat was so quiet that we could hear not only the birds’ hungry cries but also the slap of their feet as they ran through the water. It was a spectacle that would have delighted any pelagic birder, diesel- or wind-powered, and it got better.
Perhaps attracted by the commotion caused by the shearwaters, dozens of Northern Gannets soon glided over the schooner, as did a handful of dark-bellied Sooty Shearwaters. Razorbills, Common Murres, and Atlantic Puffins also flew past. Even a Manx Shearwater put in an appearance. Then we discovered hundreds and hundreds of Red-necked Phalaropes, migrant shorebirds making their way north to breeding grounds on the tundra. They weren’t flying; they were spinning mad circles on a mat of floating weeds.
They and all the other birds made me happy to be holding binoculars — even if many were so close that binoculars weren’t really necessary. Watching them and hearing them was exhilarating. I couldn’t imagine how we’d be able to top the experience, and when the weather worsened toward the end of our cruise, I doubted that we would get a chance.
We were flying
But then, on the last day, after hours of torrential rain, the clouds parted, the sun came out, a favorable wind blew, and gulls wheeled over Penobscot Bay. We trimmed the sails, Captain Garth set a course for Camden Harbor, and as the Lewis R. French heeled, we leaned, held onto our caps, and marveled at our wake.
Since I married into a sailing family, I know sailors use a birdwatcher’s expression when the air is good, their sail set is just right, and the boat is really moving. They say they’re flying.
I’ve always loved the phrase, since it evokes the frictionless ease, the silent freedom of movement, that wind-powered boats share with birds. And it makes sense, considering how much the curvature of a wind-taut sail resembles the arc of a bird’s extended wing.
A physicist would explain that the pressures created by air rushing over sailcloth are the same as those produced by wind flowing over feathers. One produces the force required to drive a boat through waves. The other causes the lift required for a bird hatched in the South Atlantic to eat herring in the Gulf of Maine. Both produce joy.
Chuck Hagner is the editor of BirdWatching magazine. | <urn:uuid:6fa84b63-ed4a-40ee-9352-ed6573c5336c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.birdwatchingdaily.com/locations-travel/featured-destinations/seabirds-sail/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.960817 | 3,621 | 2.34375 | 2 |
An Assessor Office is responsible for appraising all the taxable property in Storey County, Nevada. These Storey County tax appraisals are used to calculate property taxes. Assessors maintain a number of documents related to tax appraisals, including property inspections, appraisal reports, and building, improvement, and renovation reports. Their office also keeps records on Storey County property tax assessments, current and former property owners, the property's size and location, and any unpaid property taxes or tax liens. The Storey County Assessor Office may also provide information on how to appeal an appraisal, how to hire an independent appraiser, and a history of a property's appraisals. The Assessor Office may provide online access to tax appraisal records on their website.
Storey County Assessor's Office Virginia City NV 26 B Street 89440 775-847-0961
A Clerk Office maintains public records, such as birth certificates, marriage licenses, and property records in Storey County, Nevada. They keep a number of property-related records, including Storey County tax appraisal reports, property inspections, and property tax assessments. These records list the current and former owners, provide details about the property such as its size and location, and show any unpaid property taxes, tax liens, or foreclosures. The Clerk Office may also provide information on how to appeal a Storey County tax appraisal, how to hire an independent appraiser, and a historical report of the property's appraisal values. These documents are valuable sources of information for property owners and potential buyers. Storey County Tax appraisal records and other property documents may be available on the Clerk Office website.
Storey County Clerk Virginia City NV PO Box D 89440 775-847-0969
A Recorder of Deeds ensures the accuracy of property, land, and property tax records in Storey County, Nevada. As part of this job, they keep a range of real estate and property records, including tax appraisals. These records include information on property tax appraisals, past appraisal values, property improvements and renovations, and Storey County property tax assessments. The Recorder of Deeds can also provide information on the current and former owners of any property, the property's location and size, and its payment history, such as tax liens, unpaid property taxes, or foreclosures. These Storey County public tax records can be useful for prospective buyers when evaluating a property. Recorders of Deeds may provide online access to their Storey County tax appraisal records.
Storey County Recorder Virginia City NV 26 B Street 89440 775-847-0967 | <urn:uuid:2b21de6c-cfa1-4c6b-a298-d83676976534> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.taxappraisal.org/nv-storey-county/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571150.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810070501-20220810100501-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.928027 | 543 | 1.515625 | 2 |
For parents of those who want to study in Slovakia
Every parent dreams of a bright future for their child: a worthy career, a happy family, and fulfillment. Education in Europe will help with this. Having received a diploma from a Slovak university, a young specialist can count on a job not only in this cozy country but also in other countries of the European Union. Graduates from universities in the Slovak Republic also often become significant employees in companies in Central Europe, the USA, or Canada. What do parents need to know if their child is going to study in Slovakia?
What is needed for a child to be able to study in Slovakia
For any parent, the trip of a daughter or son abroad is an exciting event. To calm down before this important stage and prepare well for it, we recommend that you familiarize yourself with this section of our website.
What is important for parents to know?
The student will need money to rent an apartment or pay for a dorm room, as well as food and transport. The very process of studying in Slovak is completely free, the cost of studying in English is much more affordable than in other countries of the European Union.
Before entering, it is important to nostrificate (recognize) a document confirming higher or secondary education.
In some universities, upon admission, an entrance exam is taken; in most educational institutions, foreigners must confirm a sufficient level of proficiency in the state language.
The International Union of Youth is ready to help you and your child at all stages, starting with the preparation of documents and ending with acquaintance and adaptation in a new country.
Studying in Slovakia in the early days
As practice shows, young people very quickly learn in a new environment. Knowledge of Slovak or English helps to better navigate and quickly make new acquaintances. The people of Slovakia are friendly enough that will make your child feel as comfortable as possible in a new environment.
- The student will be met in Slovakia (at the place of arrival) by our representative with a sign that will be easy to recognize. Regardless of the time and place of arrival.
- We issue local SIM-cards to our students to stay in touch with them all the time.
- Having met your child, we will take him to a dormitory or to a rented apartment, provide all the necessary contacts for communication. You can use them if you have any questions or difficulties, regardless of the time of day.
- If there is a need for medical assistance, our representative will accompany the child in the clinic and act as an interpreter from Slovak into his native language (an insurance policy is required).
- Your e-mail will regularly receive reports on your child’s progress and other important information about his student life.
Studying in Slovakia is not a reason to worry, because MSM will take care of every student. If you have any questions or would like to get advice, fill out the feedback form below or contact us in any way convenient for you. | <urn:uuid:e1da6eea-632d-457a-acf3-eb1e3ce9246d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://msmstudy.sk/en/for-parents/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571987.60/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813202507-20220813232507-00277.warc.gz | en | 0.957328 | 613 | 2.4375 | 2 |
Don't like to read?
A major contributor to the end of the American dream is social media. The most popular, and most destructive is Facebook.
Many have rejected any value from the use of social media from its inception. It appeals to weak-minded Americans who are unable to think for themselves or successfully communicate with those they love directly. Even more destructive is how it allows blatant lies and conspiracy theories to flourish among our nation’s people.
The 2016 election is a perfect example. Misinformation on Facebook resulted in a lower Democratic voter turnout in Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, and Michigan, giving Donald Trump a victory in the Electoral College. Russia won the election, and the American people lost everything achieved over the previous 60+ years.
Facebook continues to aid those who would create a fascist government in America. Mark Zuckerberg accepts and publishes paid ads that are blatant lies and divisive. Anti-vaxxers, those who deny the reality of critical race theory, and a refusal to deny right-wing baseless claims that there was massive fraud in the 2020 election all contribute to the likely end of America.
In a very disturbing situation, Zuckerberg overruled his own editorial staff and allowed an anti-abortion ad claiming that “there is NEVER a medically necessary abortion!”
Americans receive many reasons daily which justify their refusal to be a part of the idiocy called “social media.” They condemn the chosen ignorance of millions of the nation’s people. The United States must be better than that if the nation is to survive.
Opinion News by James Turnage
Daily Kos: Zuckerberg Personally Signed Off On False Anti-Abortion Ad On Facebook To Mollify Republicans. By Merlin196357
Daily Kos: Don’t look now, but we’re being ‘Facebooked’ into fascism; by Dartagnan
Featured and Top Image Courtesy of cloudlynx’s Pixabay Page – Creative Commons License
Inset Image by John Adams Courtesy of The Crunchies’s Flickr Page – Creative Commons License | <urn:uuid:b7238c31-3ba8-4287-b346-1545073cc2bc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://guardianlv.com/2021/12/facebook-is-the-greatest-american-enemy-of-the-21st-century/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573540.20/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819005802-20220819035802-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.924611 | 429 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Chi Kung for balance and relaxation
Time: 10:00 - 12:30
This course will be delivered online. See the ‘What is the course about?’ section in course details for more information.
What is the course about?
This course is especially designed for beginners and introduces you to the art of Chi Kung (also written as Qigong). Come along and discover the gentle art of movement, where the breath is used in harmony with body movements, thereby helping to create a smooth flow in movement. Chi Kung is a Chinese movement exercise, which has been around for thousands of years. Chi, meaning energy, life force, is also written as Qi or Ki, pronounced Chee. At this workshop you will learn some flowing, strengthening moves, which helps the body to relax. Routine practice helps to maintain overall health and vitality. Among the many benefits, Chi Kung helps in reducing stress, relaxes the mind and body and helps maintain focus and clarity.
This is a live online course. You will need:
- Internet connection. The classes work best with Chrome.
- A computer with microphone and camera is best (e.g. a PC/laptop/iMac/MacBook), or a tablet/iPad/smart phone/iPhone if you don't have a computer.
We will contact you with joining instructions before your course starts.
What will we cover?
You will learn the basic stance, along with warm up exercises and some Chi Kung movements, with the aim of bringing ease of flow and balance to the movements.
What will I achieve?
By the end of this course you should be able to...
• Practise the basic Chi Kung stance, Wu Chi.
• Perform some warm up exercises
• Demonstrate some moves which can be used as a routine home practice
• Practise some static stances to help relax and still the mind
• Practise sitting meditation.
What level is the course and do I need any particular skills?
This is a beginners’ course. No specific skills are required.
How will I be taught, and will there be any work outside the class?
The tutor will demonstrate all moves; the group will work along with the tutor.
Are there any other costs? Is there anything I need to bring?
It is advisable to wear loose comfortable clothing and soft flat shoes.
When I've finished, what course can I do next?
You can enrol in a longer, termly, course in Chi Kung.
Heike Clarke is a German tutor, Chi Kung tutor and Craniosacral Therapist. After completing her MA in English and Spanish Philology and Adult Education in Germany, she moved to London, where she has been a German teacher since 2003. Being a life-long learner, she also tried out many courses at Citylit as a student and developed a passion for Chi Kung. In 2011 she became a Chi Kung teacher. In 2017 she graduated as a Craniosacral Therapist at the CTET where she currently also is an assistant tutor. Heike loves the mixture of her subject areas and to develop her knowledge further and beyond and she loves teaching.
Please note: We reserve the right to change our tutors from those advertised. This happens rarely, but if it does, we are unable to refund fees due to this. Our tutors may have different teaching styles; however we guarantee a consistent quality of teaching in all our courses. | <urn:uuid:49cbd92e-7b2c-4dbd-8189-e222d03341b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.citylit.ac.uk/courses/chi-kung-for-balance-and-relaxation/ffc95-2223 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572163.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815085006-20220815115006-00666.warc.gz | en | 0.952781 | 726 | 2.21875 | 2 |
BME100 s2015:Group4 12pmL6
|BME 100 Spring 2015|| Home |
Lab Write-Up 1 | Lab Write-Up 2 | Lab Write-Up 3
Lab Write-Up 4 | Lab Write-Up 5 | Lab Write-Up 6
Course Logistics For Instructors
Wiki Editing Help
LAB 6 WRITE-UP
Overview of the Original Diagnosis System
For the division of labor, 52 patients were divided up between two classes. For the first class, 16 patients were divided two patients per group, with 8 groups total. For the second class, 36 patients were divided two per group, with 18 groups total.
There were many practices used in this lab to prevent error. Initially, the tubes needed to be prepared using specific concentrations of PCR mix and DNA to use for the PCR reaction. To insure that pipetting skills were up to par, each group had to present a series of tubes with the correct color and volume for verification. For each patient, three samples were made, in case there was an error with one tube, the other two tubes would be able to compensate for the error. There was also a positive control and negative control for SNP, so that the patient's samples could be compared to this in the end. After the PCR reaction, the next step was to take pictures of the DNA with SYBR Green dye solution illuminated by a blue laser. This was accomplished inside a box, so that outside light would not interfere with the drops. The distance from the smartphone to the slide was kept constant for every picture taken in the lab. Three pictures of each drop were taken, which corresponded to one of the three samples for each patient. Record was kept of the pictures taken to insure that the pictures analyzed corresponded to the correct source tube. Three pictures were also taken of the positive and negative control. Three pictures of 5 known DNA concentrations and a sample of with 0 DNA were taken to construct a curve to plot the unknown concentration of the patient's samples and the controls on. ImageJ was used to analyze each individual picture's DNA INTDEN value, by subtracting the RAWINTDEN of the background from the RAWINTDEN of the drop. Before analyzing the drop, each picture was split into green, red, and blue; green was used because SYBR Green illuminates green. These values averaged over the three pictures, were used to make one single INTDEN value, plotted against the known concentration. The patient's samples and the controls were then put into ImageJ to get the INTDEN value, which could then get the concentration based on the plot from the known concentrations. The three conclusion from each patient were then used to determine whether the patient had the SNP gene or not, based on the positive and negative control values.
For the class data set, all but 3 groups submitted data. All the groups from class 1 submitted acceptable data, for a total of 8 groups. Of the data present for class 2, 5 groups submitted unacceptable data, leaving only 9 groups from class 2. Of this data, one test of one group from class 1 submitted an "INCONCLUSIVE" conclusion.
What Bayes Statistics Imply about This Diagnostic Approach
Calculation 2 is responsible for showing the chance that the patient does not have the SNP DNA sequence, given a negative test result. In this test, A represents the number of NEG conclusions, out of all of the conclusions given. B represents the number of neg PCR reaction, out of all the PCR results. The value of P(B|A) for this test represents the chance of neg PCR reactions, given a NEG conclusion. This test tests for specificity because it looks at the no having the disease, or the negative results. The calculated value for this is close to 1.00, which means that if a patient is given a negative test result, then it is likely that the patient does not have the SNP DNA sequence. Because of this, it can be inferred that the reliability of the PCR to determine if a person has the SNP DNA, is fairly good.
Calculation 3 is responsible for showing the probability of a patient actually developing cancer, after they have been given a POS conclusion; that they have the cancerous SNP gene. For this test, the value of A represents the fraction of yes cancer diagnoses, over all the cancer diagnoses. B is represented by the frequency of POS conclusion, out of all conclusions given. P(B|A) is represented by the number of POS conclusions given a yes cancer diagnosis. This test tests for sensitivity, since it is looking into the positive diagnosis, after a POS conclusion has been given. The calculated value is slightly closer to 0, than to 1.00, which only gives a marginal chance for developing the disease after a POS conclusion. This shows that this test is not very reliable, as only about half of the results will correctly predict for developing the disease.
Calculation 4 is responsible for showing the probability that a patient will not develop the disease, after a NEG conclusion is given; that they do not have the SNP gene. For this test, the value of A is determined by the fraction of no cancer diagnoses, over all of the cancer diagnoses. B is obtained through the frequency of NEG conclusions, over all of the conclusion from the class. P(B|A) is the relationship found between NEG conclusions, given a no cancer diagnosis. This test tests for specificity, as it determines the probability of a person who does not have the disease, will test negative. The calculated value for this test is closer to 1.00. This means that there is a fair reliability in the PCR test to predict that the patient will not obtain the disease.
There are a few errors found in this experiment that can negatively affect the results. Since the Bayes value is a result of frequencies, resulting from class data, the results can be slightly skewed. For example, not everyone in the class used the same smartphone, or even the same type, which can lead to variability in the pictures taken. There is also different levels of zoom to consider. With these issues, it is easy to see that the concentrations can be off, because of different sized drops found in the images, which can result in different INTDEN values, which can result in different concentration values. It is also easy to see that an increased sample size will result in more accurate data, but since some of the data could not be used, the sample size was decreased by about one third. This will cause the values to be in slightly more skewed fashion. Lastly, if certain groups took longer to prepare their samples for PCR in the PCR machine, some of the reagents could have started to denature as a result of being at room temperature for too long. If this was the case, the amount of DNA found in the tube after PCR would not be accurate, compared to what should be in the tube. In addition, preparing the tubes in a room such as done, provides an easy way for contaminants to get into the tubes. The only way to truly avoid this is to perform this preparation in a flow hood, but that is not feasible for a lab class of this size, such as this. Since these errors may or may not have happened in the groups, it is hard to tell how much the values obtained are affected, although it can be safely assumed that they were affected slightly.
Original PCR Machine:
New PCR Machine (change shown in blue):
In the new PCR machine design, there are now 36 PCR micro-tube slots, compared to the previous number of 16 on the main heating block. To achieve this new design, two rows of micro-tube slots were added on each side, such that the 4X4 square became a 6X6 square. The reason for this change is because the PCR machine takes a long time to run, which can cause time-table problems if there are a lot of samples to be run. By increasing the capacity to 36, there are now 20 additional slots to fit in samples. To compensate for the slightly larger main heating block, a slightly larger hole on the top of the PCR machine is needed, along with a slightly larger cover.
Feature 1: Consumables Kit
The consumable kit consists of PCR plates, tubes, seals, caps, and strips. This kit is key to ensuring optimal cycling performance in the real-time PCR machine. The components that the consumable kit is comprised of are economical and easy to use, as well as more or less durable. However, must be in good condition to house the DNA and reagents for accurate data. For this reason, the packaging must be readdressed. The main issue of packaging is the temperature and aggressive handling that can directly impact the effectiveness of the consumables kit. To address this issue, each component of the kit must be individually packaged, and the liquid reagents must be insulated in the packaging in order to prevent any issues that could arise from being exposed to high temperatures.
The components of the consumables package must be packaged individually to prevent any damages that could arise during shipping. Though it would become more expensive to ship, the packages would be much more durable and there would be less damage to important pieces such as the PCR plate or strips.
Additionally, the liquid reagents for the PCR have an ideal temperature range that it must be stored at to preserve the liquid. Ideally, the packaging for the reagents would be insulated in the package to prevent the temperature fluctuations of external environments to render the liquid reagents useless. The most affordable method of insulation for the liquid reagents during packaging would be styrofoam. By shipping these liquids in styrofoam, the impact of external factors on the package will be significantly reduced.
Feature 2: Hardware - PCR Machine & Fluorimeter
PCR Machine: The PCR machine is very time consuming. With our new design you will be able to put more solution tubes into the machine in order to speed up the process of duplicating the DNA sequence
Fluorimeter: The original fluorimeter design has a lid that is hard to close in a time efficient matter. Our design has a hinged lid that would make it easier to close the lid in time, before the smartphone beings to take the photo.
Another change our team made to the original design of the fluorimeter is to the smartphone holder. The smartphone holder of the current fluorimeter makes it difficult to find a good placement of the smartphone. Our design would have an adjustable holder to adjust the size of the smartphone being used. | <urn:uuid:4267422f-b63c-408c-9571-081408e390ac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.openwetware.org/wiki/BME100_s2015:Group4_12pmL6 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00038-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957959 | 2,150 | 2.671875 | 3 |
A motivational speaker hired by the Howard County school system to build self-esteem among students has left in his wake a controversy in the county's Jewish community.
Pat Hurley, who travels nationally using humor to inspire students and performs for Christian organizations, has angered Jews by using his speeches at five high schools to promote an evangelical Christian talk he gave on the evening of Oct. 1 at Howard High School.
The talk, about the impact of "Christ on my life," followed Mr. Hurley's speech on "Why the Opposite Sex Is So Weird," which dealt with dating and male and female attitudes. The program was was attended by some 700 students.
Fliers advertising the evening talk, sponsored by Christian youth groups and seven area churches, were handed out in the five schools where Mr. Hurley spoke. He promoted the evening talk during his five daytime speeches, but in only one of them did he note its religious content, Mr. Hurley and school officials agreed.
At least eight people called the school system to complain. The brouhaha the incident caused has prompted the superintendent, Michael E. Hickey, to express "concern," saying that he will "take steps that it does not happen again."
Mr. Hurley, 43, who talks about self-esteem, suicide prevention and the dangers of drug abuse, got high marks for his presentations from school officials. However, the promotion of his evening talk clearly concerned the Jewish community, which has told the central school system office.
Ben Kerman, a 14-year-old freshman at Centennial High School who is Jewish, said that he was upset to learn at the evening talk that Mr. Hurley planned to make a Christian testimony.
"I kind of felt deceived," said Ben, whose family worships at Temple Isaiah. "I have heard of these things happening, but I did not think it would happen in Columbia. It was disgusting that they did not tell anybody in advance."
Rabbi Mark Panoff of Temple Isaiah said Mr. Hurley's "real agenda was to spread Christ in the schools."
"He portrayed himself as someone the kids could trust yet in only one high school did he say the evening talk had religious overtones," Rabbi Panoff said. "He came across as a charlatan to us because his real agenda was to spread fundamental Christian doctrine."
Arnold Feldman, a spokesman for the Jewish Council of Howard County, said that the Jewish community believed that Mr. Hurley had "duped" their children. "We feel it was a sneaky thing to do," he said.
Mr. Hurley, whose Roswell, Ga., business is called Humor With a Message, Inc., received $2,500 from the county school system to give his five talks during school hours. He denied using subterfuge to pitch his
fundamental Christian beliefs. "There was no attempt to trick or deceive anyone," he said.
The local church groups that sponsored his evening talk had received permission for him to advertise it in the five schools, he said.
Walter Caldwell, a county school system central office staff member who helped coordinate the daytime talks at the schools, said that he had not been told the evening talk would be promoted at the sessions paid for by the school system.
"It was a dirty deal in my opinion for him to use us to get our kids there," Mr. Caldwell said.
Mr. Hurley said that during the evening speech, for which a $2 admission was charged, he spoke for nearly an hour on the advertised topic about dating and the differences between the sexes and then gave a 25-minute testimony about Christ's role in his life.
He said that his religious message followed an intermission, during which the 700 young people in the audience were told they could leave and about 200 did.
After Mr. Hurley's talk on Christianity, college-aged "counselors" met with the students in small groups to ask them to "turn their lives over to Christ."
Mr. Hurley said that he had not intended to proselytize Jews. He said that it was not his position to say that Jews would not go to heaven because they are not followers of Christ.
"What I say is that the Bible says" that anyone "who does not go through Christ" cannot expect to have an eternal life, he said. His literature handed out at the evening talk proclaimed "Jesus is the Answer. (the only answer)."
Pam Walchle, a representative of the non-denominational Christian group, Campus Life, based in Frederick, helped arrange Mr. Hurley's visit after a county school official contacted their office.
In a May 23 letter, a member of the Campus Life organization said that the evening session led by Mr. Hurley would be "completely separate" from the school assemblies and would have two parts to it with an intermission separating his motivational talk from his "personal testimony" where he "shares the Gospel with them."
"We certainly do not want people to feel they have been misled," she wrote. "Nor do we want to jeopardize our relationship with the Howard County school board." | <urn:uuid:7c1f1640-5485-4cae-9400-835e2c16252e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1991-10-15/news/1991288079_1_hurley-school-system-temple-isaiah | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00328-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.991769 | 1,065 | 1.703125 | 2 |
The botched execution of an Oklahoma inmate by lethal injection this week typifies the ongoing challenges pro-death penalty states face in finding a “technological magic bullet” to put inmates to death, experts say.
“Each development or application of a new technology for execution has come with the same promise, and that is, that this method will be efficient, it will be reliable, it’ll be painless, it’ll be humane,” said professor Austin Sarat, associate dean of the faculty of Law, Jurisprudence and Social Thought at Amherst College in Massachusetts.
“That was said about electrocution, it was said about lethal gas, it was said about lethal injection. What we’re learning is there is no technological magic bullet.”
On Tuesday, Oklahoma inmate Clayton Lockett was declared unconscious 10 minutes after the first of three drugs in the state's new lethal injection combination was administered in his execution. Three minutes later, Lockett, who was convicted of shooting a woman and watching as two accomplices buried her alive, began breathing heavily, clenching his teeth and straining to lift his head.
Lockett died of a heart attack shortly thereafter, the Department of Corrections said. Officials later blamed a ruptured vein for the problems with the execution.
The execution mishap came months after Ohio inmate Dennis McGuire took 26 minutes to die after being injected with lethal drugs. He reportedly gasped repeatedly as he lay on a gurney with his mouth opening and closing.
“Why are there botched executions? Because technology fails," Sarat said. "Why are there automobile accidents, why do airplanes disappear from the sky, why does surgery go bad? Because there is no foolproof technology."
The U.S. has used five methods of execution in its history: firing squad, gas chamber, hanging, electric chair and lethal injection, which is now the predominant method employed.
While there are more efficient ways to execute people, those methods must conform with the U.S. constitution's eighth amendment that bars the government from inflicting "cruel and unusual punishment."
However, Sarat said the U.S. is also committed to punishing in a way that is compatible with the standards and decency of a humane society. Using a method like the guillotine, or firing a bullet in the back of one's head may be considered more efficient, but it's also considered indecent.
"Every other method of execution deforms the body," said Michael Radelet, a professor of sociology at the University of Colorado at Boulder, who is also an expert in the death penalty. "In the electric chair ... the bodies look horrible after they're executed; with lethal injection, you can't even tell."
"Lethal injection disguises the fact that we're killing somebody. It just looks like he's going to sleep."
Sarat examined every U.S. execution from 1890 to 2010 and determined that in three per cent of all the cases, the execution was botched, meaning those administering it didn’t follow protocol or standard operating procedure.
Lethal injection highest botch rate
So a botched execution would be defined as a prisoner being strangled during a hanging, or an electrocution in which the prisoner died by flames and not electricity because the electric chair caught fire.
However, the technique that had the highest botch rate was lethal injection, at around seven per cent.
And this rate has the potential to go up, as many European drugmakers, opposed to capital punishment, are refusing to sell their drugs to U.S. prisons and corrections departments. This is forcing states to find new sources of execution drugs, many that have been untested for the death penalty.
“States like Oklahoma are engaged in a kind of experimentation on humans, trying to find a drug or drug cocktail that will work without knowing that they will work,” Sarat said.
“Now what you’re going to do is try an entirely different recipe and you really haven’t had any experience with it. Well what do you expect, you expect there’s going to be some serious problems in getting it right.”
Although improper dosages and adverse reactions to drugs continue to be issues in executions, there are other challenges as well.
“The difficulty is in the technique. So there’s a mismatch between expertise and patient need," said Jonathan Groner, a pediatric surgeon in Columbus, Ohio who has studied lethal injections.
IV insertion by the inexperienced
Groner said just the insertion of the IV into the prisoner, when not done by professionals, can lead to problems.
"In the prison it might be [emergency medical technicians] who have some experience but they don’t do it every day," he said. "So you take someone who is not very experienced and you match them up with someone who is pretty anxious and dehydrated. It's a recipe for disaster.”
Medical training is also important in knowing how hard to push the syringe to administer the drugs, Groner said. If pushed too hard, the vein in the prisoner's arm can explode.
"Someone who’s never done it before and might be nervous about doing it, probably [will] push it as hard as they can. There’s probably a lack of training in how to give a drug IV push." | <urn:uuid:e39a1b2b-aa56-4d71-b1c8-5c21de40ac40> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/no-technological-magic-bullet-for-u-s-executions-1.2627432 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718296.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00540-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.973639 | 1,118 | 2.25 | 2 |
Exactly what Wiring Diagram?
The wiring diagram is an easy visual representation in the physical connections plus physical layout of an electrical system or circuit. It exhibits how the electric wires are interconnected and can also demonstrate where fixtures and components may become attached to the system.
When as well as how to Make use of a Wiring Plan Use wiring layouts to assist in building or producing the circuit or even camera. They usually are also useful regarding making repairs.
5 Pin Flasher Relay Wiring Diagram
DO-IT-YOURSELF enthusiasts use electrical wiring diagrams but they are also common inside home building and auto repair. With regard to example, a residence builder will would like to confirm typically the physical location associated with electrical outlets plus light fixtures by using a wiring diagram to avoid costly faults and building code violations.
How in order to Draw a Routine Plan SmartDraw will come with pre-made cabling diagram templates. Modify hundreds of power symbols and quickly drop them with your wiring diagram. Unique control handles close to each symbol allow you to quickly resize or rotate them as necessary.
To draw the wire, simply click on around the Draw Outlines option on typically the left hand part of the drawing area. If a person right click on the line, you could replace the line's color or thickness plus add or eliminate arrowheads as required. Move a symbol on the line plus it will insert itself and take into place. Once connected, it will remain attached even if you move typically the wire.
If a person need additional emblems, click on the arrow next to the obvious collection to bring upwards a drop down menus and select Even more. You'll be in a position to search for additional symbols plus open any appropriate libraries.
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Just how is a Electrical wiring Diagram Different through a Schematic?
A schematic shows the particular plan and performance regarding an electrical routine, but is not really concerned with the particular physical layout in the wires. Wiring diagrams show how the particular wires are linked and where they should situated in the particular device, and also the bodily connections between just about all the components.
How is a Wiring Diagram Different from a Pictorial Diagram? As opposed to a pictorial diagram, a wiring plan uses abstract or even simplified shapes plus lines to show parts. Pictorial diagrams are often pictures together with labels or highly-detailed drawings of typically the physical components.
Standard Wiring Diagram Emblems If a line coming in contact with another line provides a black dot, it means typically the lines are linked. When unconnected lines are shown crossing, you'll see a new line hop. | <urn:uuid:eb82c7d1-b352-4b2e-87b0-aab50cd6c982> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allschematic.coloring.best/5-pin-flasher-relay-wiring-diagram-download/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.904082 | 588 | 3.359375 | 3 |
Deposition and Decomposition of Signal Grass Pasture Litter under Varying Nitrogen Fertilizer and Stocking Rates
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Increasing pressure on land used for animal production demands more effi cient production systems. Soil nutrients required for plant growth are usually the limiting factor in pasture productivity in the tropics. Th us, understanding nutrient cycling in grasslands is crucial to maintaining pasture sustainability where litter deposition and decomposition are important components of the nutrient cycle. Th is research evaluated the eff ects of stocking rate [SR; 2.0, 3.9, and 5.8 animal units (AU) ha-1; 1 AU = 450 kg cattle live weight] and N fertilization (0, 150, and 300 kg N ha-1 yr-1) on litter mass and chemical composition in signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf.) pastures during two grazing seasons [2009 and 2010; 1709 and 2103 kg organic matter (OM) ha-1, respectively]. In 2009, the highest SR treatments (3.9 and 5.8 AU ha-1) had less litter mass accumulation (2093 and 2205 kg OM ha-1, respectively) than the lowest SR (2750 kg OM ha-1). Litter deposition rate was similar among SR treatments and between years, and averaged 26 kg OM ha-1 d-1. Litter N concentration increased with increasing N fertilization only in the second year (8.6 vs. 11.7 g kg-1 at 0 and 300 kg N ha-1, respectively). Nitrogen fertilization reduced litter C/N ratio for the range of SR tested, but the reduction was more pronounced for the lowest SR (53.1 vs. 29.1 for 0 and 300 kg N ha-1, respectively). Nitrogen fertilization mitigated the negative effect of increasing SR on litter mass deposition and chemical composition by stimulating plant regrowth. 2013 by the American Society of Agronomy, 5585 Guilford Road, Madison, WI 53711. All rights reserved.
author list (cited authors)
Apolinrio, V., Dubeux, J., Mello, A., Vendramini, J., Lira, M. A., Santos, M., & Muir, J. P.
complete list of authors
Apolinário, Valéria XO||Dubeux, José CB||Mello, Alexandre CL||Vendramini, João MB||Lira, Mário A||Santos, Mércia VF||Muir, James P | <urn:uuid:d6a237ae-b1da-4c71-9ae5-8cb9b7c7a31f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vivo.library.tamu.edu/vivo/display/n350429SE | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.828388 | 598 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Listen Online: National Park Service Releases Historic Audio Recordings Made by Thomas Edison's Recording Engineer
…National Park Service announces the first-time release of 12 historic sound recordings made by Thomas Edison’s recording engineer Theo Wangemann on wax cylinders during 1889-1890 in Germany, Austria, Prussia, and France. The recordings include the voices of eminent German historical figures Otto von Bismarck and Helmuth von Moltke, and several performances by important musicians of the period.
Museum Curators first cataloged the damaged wooden box containing the wax cylinders in 1957, found in the library of the Edison Laboratory. In 2005, the National Park Service completed a multi-year project to individually catalog every historic sound recording in the museum collection. Curators noted that the box contained 17 brown wax cylinders in fair and poor condition, several broken with large pieces missing. No title list or other identification survived in the box with the recordings, so the recordings could not be identified until they were heard. In 2011, the park’s Curator of Sound Recordings digitized 12 of Wangemann’s 17 cylinders using a French-made Archeophone cylinder playback machine, saving the audio as Broadcast Wave Format files. (Five of the cylinders could not be digitized due to their condition.) Once the audio could be heard, historians Stephan Puille and Patrick Feaster identified the sounds and wrote two scholarly essays, which are included with the recordings on the Thomas Edison National Historical Park website.
Entrusted by Thomas Edison with the task of applying the newly developed wax cylinder phonograph to music, Theo Wangemann oversaw the first regular production of pre-recorded cylinders at the Edison Laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey in 1888-89, ushering in the beginnings of the American musical recording industry. Then, in 1889-90, Wangemann played a prominent role in introducing Edison’s invention to continental Europe.
Listen to the Recordings Online
See Also: N.J. museum finds recording of 19th century German chancellor (via AP)
About Gary Price
Gary Price ([email protected]) is a librarian, writer, consultant, and frequent conference speaker based in the Washington D.C. metro area. He earned his MLIS degree from Wayne State University in Detroit. Price has won several awards including the SLA Innovations in Technology Award and Alumnus of the Year from the Wayne St. University Library and Information Science Program. From 2006-2009 he was Director of Online Information Services at Ask.com. Gary is also the co-founder of infoDJ an innovation research consultancy supporting corporate product and business model teams with just-in-time fact and insight finding. | <urn:uuid:c89c810c-fd85-452a-86ba-7127bb9ea2cb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.infodocket.com/2012/02/05/national-park-service-releases-historic-audio-recordings-made-by-thomas-edisons-recording-engineer/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.934026 | 557 | 2.84375 | 3 |
Whether au naturel or painted in bold hues, your fingertips look best polished—and healthy. Are chipped, peeling, brittle, or discolored nails leaving you with your hands shoved in your pockets? Assessing your habits inside and out can help you get the stronger, healthier nails you desire, say natural beauty experts.
Eat a nail-building meal
Nails are made of keratin protein, so a diet containing less-than-optimum protein levels can lead to weak nails. Aim to get about 25 percent of daily calories from protein (94 grams of protein for a 1,500 calorie diet). Include a spectrum of sources (try fish, poultry, lean red meats, dairy, eggs, beans, peanut butter, and tofu) for a mix of essential amino acids that give nails structural support, recommends Lisa Drayer, MA, RD, author of The Beauty Diet (McGraw-Hill, 2009).
For longer and smoother nails, Drayer recommends at least 1,000 mg of dietary calcium from low-fat or nonfat milk, yogurt, and cheese (vegan sources include tempeh, kale, and fortified orange juice)—which comes out to about three to four servings a day. If your calcium intake is too low, calcium-carbonate or calcium-citrate supplements can help you reach a healthy level, says Drayer (calcium citrate is better for elderly people who may not be producing enough stomach acid, which can make it difficult to absorb the mineral). For lines or white spots, increase zinc to at least 8 mg daily. Zinc-rich foods include oysters, crab, beef, beans, cashews, walnuts, chickpeas, and dark-meat poultry. An 8 mg serving would be about 6 ounces of dark-meat chicken, 8 ounces of milk, 3 ounces of cooked beef, 1/2 cup beans, or 1 ounce of nuts.
Supplements, polish, buffers
Supplement for moisture
Splitting, peeling nails are calling out for moisture, so drink plenty of water (at least 68 ounces each day) and supplement with healthy fats, especially gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), a well-known nail strengthener, says Ann Louise Gittleman, PhD, CNS, and author of Fat Flush for Life (Da Capo Press, 2010). Take a daily black currant seed oil or borage oil supplement with at least 360 mg GLA to increase skin-cell strength and regulate water loss, moisturizing from the inside out. The B vitamin biotin helps the body better use fatty acids, making nails more flexible and resilient, says Gittleman. Try: Barlean’s Organic Oils Borage Oil, 1,000 mg; Country Life Biotin, 500 mcg
Let nails go nude
Solvent-based nail products—including acetone-based nail polish remover, most nail lacquers, and even nail-strengthening products—can strip away natural nail and cuticle oils, which is why having manicure-free hands for at least a week helps to revive dry, brittle nails, says Karina Restrepo, manicurist and co-owner of Tierra Mia Organic Nail Spa in Philadelphia. When you remove polish, look for acetone-free polish removers with natural oils like vitamin E.
Because hand creams and oils won’t penetrate nail polish, it’s important to moisturize nails during those polish-free times: Apply jojoba or neem oil or cocoa butter nightly for increased nail flexibility and softer cuticles. Also keep nails short, making them less prone to chips and tears, until they regain durability in a few weeks, Restrepo says. If you have severely damaged nails, plan for a month of polish-free fingers. Try: Karma Organic Nail Polish Remover, Badger Creamy Cocoa Every Day Moisturizer, Organix South TheraNeem Nail & Cuticle Pen
Buff and shine away discoloration
To refresh stained nails, a result of dark-colored polish or formaldehyde, Restrepo recommends gently buffing them with a buffing block to remove discoloration. Or make a paste of one part lemon juice to two parts baking soda and apply to nails. Leave on for five to ten minutes; massage into nails before rinsing with warm water. At your next manicure, choose formaldehyde-free polish: In addition to its link to skin irritation and cancer, formaldehyde reacts with your nails’ keratin protein, causing yellow and brittle nails. Try: Honeybee Gardens Four-Sided Nail File/Buffer, No-Miss nail polish | <urn:uuid:84226566-94a0-45da-860b-73d756d98dae> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://deliciousliving.com/print/hair-amp-nail-care/nail-primer | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00412-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899191 | 965 | 1.960938 | 2 |
In each issue, we introduce a teacher who has participated in Teaching with Primary Sources (TPS) professional development and successfully uses primary sources from the Library of Congress to support effective instructional practices.
This issue’s Teacher Spotlight features elementary school teacher Connie Lawson. The TPS program at Middle Tennessee State University nominated Connie for her effective classroom use of primary sources to support project-based learning. A 13-year veteran teacher at Richard Hardy Memorial School in South Pittsburgh, Tennessee, Connie currently teaches fourth grade math, social studies, science, and writing. She’s previously taught at the second, third and fifth grade levels and is trained to work with special education and visually impaired students. In this interview, Connie discusses teaching strategies and her favorite Library of Congress online resources.
How did you learn about the Library of Congress TPS Program?
Through my participation in many academic and curriculum workshops, I was introduced to the
Library of Congress Web site and its millions of primary sources, such as political cartoons, historical documents, photographs, manuscripts, and artifacts.
What motivated you to participate in the TPS workshops in your local area?
I had occasionally used primary sources in my classroom. I wanted to improve my teaching techniques and learn about new methods and strategies that would enhance and motivate my students’ learning, so one of my colleagues recommended the introductory-level workshop to me. Teaching with primary sources was one way for me to connect the curriculum content to my students’ real life experiences, and guide my students toward higher-order thinking skills.
Tell us about the first time you tried using primary sources in the classroom.
I first began implementing primary sources into my teaching of units such as “Our Colonial Heritage,” “The American Revolution,” “The New Nation,” and “Our Nation Grows.” My students engaged in learning about early U.S. history by analyzing historical documents, political cartoons, poems, and artifacts. For example, Benjamin Franklin’s famous “Join or Die” political cartoon really captured their interest. My students had only thought of cartoons as funny, not political, so analyzing this image of the snake in pieces representing the colonies really challenged their assumptions and helped them to grasp its historical significance.
How do primary sources help you support project-based learning?
I use primary sources to develop learning experiences that connect historical events or processes with students’ everyday lives and the world around them. For example, my “Lewis and Clark Expedition” lesson plan uses historic maps and written accounts to help students imagine what such an exploration would be like, while learning historical content at the same time. In this lesson, I guided my students to closely observe each primary source and develop hypotheses about its content. I asked them guiding questions such as: Why were maps and journals essential to the Lewis and Clark expedition? What did these explorers encounter on their journey? How did the recording of the maps influence settlers to move westward? How did the journals influence the country’s expansion? Next, students conducted their own “expeditions” around our school grounds to experience how an explorer observes flora and fauna, and what an explorer decides to record as data. Later, students compare their journal notes of what they encountered during the journey to Lewis and Clark’s mission. Lessons like “Lewis and Clark Expedition” help my students to learn more than one subject as part of a larger project and to work in cooperative learning groups. Project-based learning motivates my students to “think outside the box” and investigate additional primary and secondary sources. Students solve problems and achieve collective goals while their creativity is encouraged.
What is your favorite resource available on the Library of Congress Web site?
I enjoy viewing the variety of other teachers' lesson plans and units available. As a teacher, the lesson plans and units shared by my peers are extremely helpful in planning group activities and engaging my students in critical thinking challenges. It's hard to pick a favorite resource from the unlimited materials available but recently I used photographs of Lookout Mountain in Chattanooga, Tennessee from the Selected Civil War Photographs Collection. I guide my students in searching this and other Library of Congress online collections to research topics and create projects using primary sources, which increases and expands their curiosity and knowledge about history.
What advice do you have for teachers who have never tried teaching with primary sources?
Dive in and explore the intriguing adventures of the past! The more I implement primary sources into my classroom teaching, the greater my students’ motivation and eagerness to learn about different historical topics. Sometimes, it can be very difficult to maintain students’ attention, especially when teaching about the past; however, using primary sources gives students an opportunity to connect real-life current events with historical events. Incorporating primary sources into my lesson plans inspired me to teach content across academic subject areas. As a mentor teacher and cluster leader, my role is to provide my colleagues with vital information and resources that will help their students to become life-long learners and responsible citizens. | <urn:uuid:73c02fa2-9e1d-47ae-be9c-f484c1acf988> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://loc.gov/teachers/tps/quarterly/project_learning/spotlight.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00000-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956486 | 1,036 | 3.3125 | 3 |
The lack of maintenance and cleaning in the air conditioner can cause a lot of problems. Preventive maintenance and proper cleaning of the air conditioning equipment helps reduce the emission of pollutants in the environment, decreases the energy consumption of the appliance, increasing its life.
In order to have a good functioning of the air conditioning system, it is important to carry out a regular air conditioner repair program. Preventive maintenance adjusts air conditioners as well as reducing the level of pollutants in an air-conditioned environment, while also increasing the life of equipment and reducing energy consumption.
Some maintenance can be carried out by the owner, such as cleaning the air filters. They are easy to remove and clean. This cleaning can be done by running water and neutral soap. Replace the filters in the same way in the air conditioner! It is essential that this part is completely clean and dry.
How much does it cost to install air conditioning?
Installing air conditioning can cost anywhere from $600 to $5,500. It depends on the type of unit and the complexity of your situation.
What is the principle of air conditioning?
An air conditioner (AC) in a room or a car works by collecting hot air from a given space processing it within itself with the help of a refrigerant and a bunch of coils. And then releasing cool air into the same space where the hot air had originally been collected. This is essentially how air conditioners work.
Is AC good or bad?
AC won’t do much harm to your health ― but only if the system is monitored closely and wisely. According to a study in the International Journal of Epidemiology, occupants of air-conditioned office buildings reported more symptoms of ill health than those who worked in buildings with natural ventilation. | <urn:uuid:43b55633-ede2-47bb-8238-1787fb28ea2c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://911plumbingelectric.com/air-conditioning-fresno/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572033.91/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814113403-20220814143403-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.948275 | 362 | 2.4375 | 2 |
The Population and Demographics of Hungary
Hungary is home to over 10.5 million people, the vast majority of whom are ethnic Hungarians, or Magyars. Minorities – only three percent of the entire population – include Germans, Romanians, and Slovaks.
Hungary is also home to many Romanies and Jewish peoples. The Magyars are Central Asian in origin, and their language is unrelated to the language of Slavic peoples, who dominate Eastern Europe. (Poles, Czechs, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, and Russians are all Slavic peoples.) Twenty percent of the entire population lives in Budapest, the capital, while the next largest city has a population almost ten times less. | <urn:uuid:d90fc3e2-f977-453c-bb05-2a963234b204> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.jobmonkey.com/europe/population_of_hungary/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952134 | 148 | 3.03125 | 3 |
2013 marks our 20th year highlighting the agricultural heritage of Central California through the works of California artists
(PRWEB) September 23, 2013
The beauty of agriculture will once again be on display as the Madera County Arts Council once again Celebrates Ag with the Arts.
“2013 marks our 20th year highlighting the agricultural heritage of Central California through the works of California artists,” said Dr. Diane Rich with the council.
Numerous works of art depicting the agricultural way of life for many San Joaquin Valley Residents will be on display at Madera’s Circle Gallery from October 2 through November 16.
Photographs, paintings, sculptures and more have been submitting in various categories including Dairy, Livestock and Poultry, Farm Machinery and Structures, Fruits and Nuts, Irrigation, Row and Field Crops and Vegetables and Vines and “Celebrate Agriculture…the Human Factor”, which celebrates human’s role in agriculture.
A special category for the Madera Pomegranate Festival was included once again this year, with selected entries being featured at the third annual Pomegranate Festival taking place at the Madera Airport on November 2.
Members of the Madera County Arts Council say they were excited by high level of participation for showcase.
“This year’s show will have something for every interest. About 100 pieces were accepted from almost 200 entries,” said Dr. Martha Mossman with the arts council.
The exhibit kicks off with a free reception and awards ceremony on October 2 from 5:30 to 7:30 pm taking place at Circle Gallery. A total of about $5000 in prize money will be given to winning artists in each category.
Circle Gallery is located at 1653 N Schnoor, #113 in Madera. For more information, call 559-661-7005. | <urn:uuid:52ea3140-d3f3-44fc-af0e-4c7362b145b7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.prweb.com/releases/2013/9/prweb11146924.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00153-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937334 | 390 | 1.554688 | 2 |
PEJ New Media Index: For Bloggers It's the Two E's — Election and Economy
The top stories in the blogosphere are often an eclectic mix of topics from technology and pop culture to science and war. But last week, with the 2010 midterm elections looming, each of the top five subjects focused on the election or a closely related subject-the economic issues helping define the campaign.
For the week of October 4-8, two of the top five stories on blogs were connected directly to the election according to the New Media Index from the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism.
Last week, 17% of the links in blogs highlighted two stories about the 2010 campaign. One was an October 4 Washington Post piece about interest groups spending far more in this election cycle than in the 2008 campaign. The other was an October 5 Post story about how the political landscape remains strongly tilted toward Republicans.
Another 11% of the links concerned a major force in the 2010 political landscape-the tea parties. The debate was generated by Senator Sherrod Brown's (D-OH) op-ed in the October 3 USA Today arguing that tea party populism is driven by anger at the government and divides the country, and is therefore not real populism, which fights for all Americans.
Together, these election-related stories accounted for 28% of the linked-to news story on blogs.
Read the full report, For Bloggers It's the Two E's — Election and Economy on the Pew Research Center's Project for Excellence in Journalism Web site. | <urn:uuid:a0a76684-76c0-466d-a1f2-4a3fc23d7e45> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/reports/2010/10/14/pej-new-media-index-for-bloggers-its-the-two-es-election-and-economy | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00573-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955638 | 313 | 1.789063 | 2 |
Tobias Kaufmann mainly focuses on Brain–computer interface, Neuroscience, Stimulus, Event-related potential and Electroencephalography. His Brain–computer interface study incorporates themes from Physical medicine and rehabilitation, Speech recognition, Face, Locked-in syndrome and Disease. While the research belongs to areas of Locked-in syndrome, he spends his time largely on the problem of Physical therapy, intersecting his research to questions surrounding Usability.
Tobias Kaufmann has researched Neuroscience in several fields, including Genetic variation and Genetic architecture. His Stimulus research integrates issues from Facial recognition system, Facial expression and Salience. His work carried out in the field of Connectome brings together such families of science as Mental health, Psychiatry, Functional neuroimaging and Default mode network.
His primary areas of investigation include Neuroscience, Cognition, Schizophrenia, Neuroimaging and Brain morphometry. His research investigates the connection between Neuroscience and topics such as Genetic architecture that intersect with problems in Genome-wide association study and Cerebral cortex. His Cognition research is multidisciplinary, incorporating perspectives in White matter, Functional magnetic resonance imaging and Psychopathology, Clinical psychology.
His Schizophrenia research incorporates elements of Bipolar disorder, Hippocampus, Dementia and Elementary cognitive task. His study in Neuroimaging is interdisciplinary in nature, drawing from both Developmental psychology and Brain aging. His Brain morphometry study also includes fields such as
His scientific interests lie mostly in Neuroimaging, Cognition, Diffusion MRI, Ageing and Schizophrenia. Tobias Kaufmann has included themes like Bipolar disorder, Pleiotropy, Kurtosis and Outlier in his Neuroimaging study. The Cognition study which covers Depression that intersects with Mental health, Genetic association, Genome-wide association study and Psychosis.
His Diffusion MRI study combines topics in areas such as White matter and Public health. The Schizophrenia study combines topics in areas such as Neuroscience, Clinical psychology and Elementary cognitive task. Tobias Kaufmann studies Neuroscience, namely Thalamus.
Tobias Kaufmann spends much of his time researching Neuroimaging, Public health, Diffusion MRI, Neuroscience and Gene duplication. The study incorporates disciplines such as Spatial analysis, Data mining and Arterial spin labeling in addition to Neuroimaging. The concepts of his Public health study are interwoven with issues in Cardiology, Internal medicine, Blood pressure, Ageing and Dementia.
His research in Diffusion MRI intersects with topics in Longitudinal study, Anthropometry, White matter and Grip strength. Tobias Kaufmann has included themes like Autism and Medical genetics in his Neuroscience study. His studies in Gene duplication integrate themes in fields like Schizophrenia and Copy-number variation.
This overview was generated by a machine learning system which analysed the scientist’s body of work. If you have any feedback, you can contact us here.
Flashing characters with famous faces improves ERP-based brain-computer interface performance.
T Kaufmann;S M Schulz;C Grünzinger;A Kübler.
Journal of Neural Engineering (2011)
ARTiiFACT: a tool for heart rate artifact processing and heart rate variability analysis
Tobias Kaufmann;Stefan Sütterlin;Stefan M. Schulz;Claus Vögele.
Behavior Research Methods (2011)
Toward brain-computer interface based wheelchair control utilizing tactually-evoked event-related potentials
Tobias Kaufmann;Andreas Herweg;Andrea Kübler.
Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation (2014)
The user-centered design as novel perspective for evaluating the usability of BCI-controlled applications.
Andrea Kübler;Elisa M. Holz;Angela Riccio;Claudia Zickler.
PLOS ONE (2014)
Face stimuli effectively prevent brain-computer interface inefficiency in patients with neurodegenerative disease.
Tobias Kaufmann;Stefan M. Schulz;Anja Köblitz;Gregor Renner.
Clinical Neurophysiology (2013)
Delayed stabilization and individualization in connectome development are related to psychiatric disorders
Tobias Kaufmann;Dag Alnæs;Nhat Trung Doan;Christine Lycke Brandt.
Nature Neuroscience (2017)
Cortical effects of user training in a motor imagery based brain-computer interface measured by fNIRS and EEG
Vera Kaiser;Günther Bauernfeind;Alex Kreilinger;Tobias Kaufmann.
Oxytocin pathway gene networks in the human brain
Daniel S. Quintana;Jaroslav Rokicki;Jaroslav Rokicki;Dennis van der Meer;Dag Alnæs.
Nature Communications (2019)
Comparison of tactile, auditory, and visual modality for brain-computer interface use: a case study with a patient in the locked-in state
Tobias Kaufmann;Elisa Mira Holz;Andrea Kübler.
Frontiers in Neuroscience (2013)
Cerebellar volume and cerebellocerebral structural covariance in schizophrenia: a multisite mega-analysis of 983 patients and 1349 healthy controls
T Moberget;N T Doan;D Alnæs;T Kaufmann.
Molecular Psychiatry (2018)
Profile was last updated on December 6th, 2021.
Research.com Ranking is based on data retrieved from the Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG).
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If you think any of the details on this page are incorrect, let us know.
We appreciate your kind effort to assist us to improve this page, it would be helpful providing us with as much detail as possible in the text box below: | <urn:uuid:ea3170c5-bdd5-4509-b288-4108dd1c3c1a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.com/u/tobias-kaufmann | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00073.warc.gz | en | 0.8697 | 1,257 | 1.984375 | 2 |
|Flags of Neighboring Countries|
Dominican Republic Flag
The flag of Haiti is a bicolor flag, divided horizontally with blue on the upper half and red on the lower half.
The colors of the Haitian flag reflect Haiti's status as a former French colony, using the red and blue from the French flag. The story behind this resemblance is that the revolutionary Jean-Jacques Dessalines created the flag from the French flag, removing the white center and rotating the stripes, the blue and red left to represent Haitians, symbolically removing any remnants of white influence. The blue represented the former slaves and the red represented the mulatto population, who are people of mixed black and white ancestry.
The flag first came into use in 1806, and was made official by the national constitution on February 25, 2012.
Fact about Haiti flag
|Adopted||26. February 1986|
|Design and Colors||A horizontal bicolor of blue and red with a white rectangle in the center bearing the National Coat of Arms of Haiti|
Last Updated On : January 22, 2016 | <urn:uuid:1af6cfcf-880e-4167-8667-db1ddf616de9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/haiti-flag.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00001-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.900491 | 224 | 3.25 | 3 |
Infant/Toddler (0-3 Years)
Research has shown how critical the first years of life are to future learning. From infancy to age three, parents, providers and educators are key to providing quality early experiences for our youngest learners.
As parents and child care providers observe a child learn to walk, talk and explore the world, it is important that they observe whether the child is meeting normal developmental benchmarks. When worried about a child's growth and development it is important to find services to support the child's early learning.
Early Learning and Development Guidelines
An Introduction for Parents to the Washington State Early Learning and Development Benchmarks (PDF)
Ten Simple Ways to Encourage Learning - Foundation for Early Learning
Infant and Toddlers - Washington State Department of Early Learning
Born Learning - United Way of America, the Ad Council, Civitas and Families and Work Institute
Washington state supports assessment and intervention services to young children through the public schools. Infants and toddlers who are not meeting normal milestones/benchmarks for physical, social, emotional, communication (speech & language), or cognitive (thinking and learning) development may be eligible to receive early intervention services.
Parents and providers who are worried about a child's development should talk with the local school district about screening, assessment and special services.
Early Childhood Special Education - Office
of Superintendent of Public Instruction
Early Support For Infants and Toddlers (ESIT)
- Washington State Department of Early Learning (Previously the Infant Toddler
Early Intervention Program (ITEIP) at Washington State Department of Social and
Children with Special Needs - Washington State Department of Early Learning. | <urn:uuid:a5ad565f-92cd-49f0-90db-e1346deb4fcc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.k12.wa.us/EarlyLearning/InfantToddler.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.904154 | 333 | 2.984375 | 3 |
(all) wrought up(redirected from all wrought up)
(all) wrought up
In a state of mental or emotional agitation; worked up. ("Wrought" is an archaic past tense and past participle of "work.") There's no point getting all wrought up over such a trivial issue. He was so wrought up at the time that I thought it best to leave him undisturbed. Carrie's been all wrought up waiting for the doctor to call with the test results.
Farlex Dictionary of Idioms. © 2022 Farlex, Inc, all rights reserved.
disturbed or excited. (Wrought is an old past tense and past participle meaning "worker." *Typically: be ~; get ~.) She is so wrought up, she can't think. I am sorry you are so wrought up.
McGraw-Hill Dictionary of American Idioms and Phrasal Verbs. © 2002 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. | <urn:uuid:50f59cdb-d394-4fb4-8bd6-dacd587a462b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://idioms.thefreedictionary.com/all+wrought+up | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.958293 | 208 | 2.015625 | 2 |
The main difference between shortening and lard is in the way that they are created, as lard comes from animal fat while shortening comes from a variety of oils that are plant-based. Lard is generally seen in the manufacturing of products while shortening is generally seen in the creation of food substances.Continue Reading
Lard most often comes from the fat of a pig, but can come from duck fat or goose fat. Shortening, however, is often made out of the same plants that make popular cooking oils, such as soybean and cottonseed oils, although it has a much higher fat content. Since shortening comes from plant products and is easier to obtain, it is more popular in cooking applications.
Though still used in cooking to a certain degree, the most common use for lard is in the creation of soap, or as an ingredient used to create biofuel for vehicles. Shortening is much more important in cooking because it is able to prevent the growth of gluten in wheat products which lard is not able to do. Additionally, as lard is an animal by-product it would be eliminated from vegetarian diets as well.Learn more about Cooking | <urn:uuid:5aed3769-41e3-4c96-abcc-f67dfbec6a32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.reference.com/food/difference-between-lard-shortening-8c498d6da19b0143 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.982937 | 238 | 3.203125 | 3 |
About the 'tater chips. BIL stated they were from the refractory. I am wondering if the chips could be some mineral from the ash that was vaporized then condensed back there to flake off in chips. We opened up a large water tube type boiler at work for refractory repair. I pointed out some chip like materiel scattered about downwind of the burn chamber that had peeled from the refractory. The explanation was that in our location, the natural gas has some small amount of mineral in it. Since the unit had run 24/7 burning about 700 CFM for two years, the mineral had collected and flaked off over time. I asked why it stuck to the refractory and not the iron piping and the answer was electrical charge. At those temps the mineral has the same electrical charge as the piping does, causing the mineral to pick other areas to stick to while it is repelled from the piping. We know that wood ash is various mineral. Do you think the chips you observed could be something similar to what I observed in the boiler? On a side note. The chips were not the reason the refractory was being repaired. | <urn:uuid:f6fb7b5e-1c7c-46ea-bd84-26ea66248f15> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hearth.com/talk/threads/cfm-vermont-castings-dutchwest-everburn-non-cat-owners-discussion-and-review-thread.3386/page-8 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984497 | 240 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Do plant cells contain mitochondria?
Plant cells DO contain mitochondria.
While plant cells have chloroplasts to photosynthesize, they also require ATP for cellular functions, and do use oxygen to break down some of the sugar they produce in order to generate that ATP. They need mitochondria for this.
In particular, at night when there is no light, plants undergo cellular respiration since there is no sunlight to photosynthesize.
They do, however, produce far more sugar and oxygen through fotosintesi than they use up in respiration. | <urn:uuid:8f2036aa-a62c-440b-98e9-1c91af7db2d7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://gufosaggio.net/do-plant-cells-contain-mitochondria/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570767.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808061828-20220808091828-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.878878 | 130 | 3.203125 | 3 |
‘Our Little Engineer’: Are We Cultivating Natural Talent or Limiting Growth?
As an infant, my daughter was obsessed with buckles. She could spend hours figuring out how to open and close them. At a year, she could manipulate a five-point harness. Even back then, we used to say, “That girl is going to be an engineer, just like her Poppa.”
Then, around eighteen months, she got very involved in blocks. Except before she could build anything, she has to sort the blocks by shape, color and size. Only once they were all organized could she build her masterpiece. Around that time, our friends and family started saying, “She’s so analytical!” And they weren’t wrong.
Everywhere we look, our daughter likes things organized and logical. If they aren’t the way she likes them, she’ll put them that way. She enjoys taking things apart, almost as much as she likes putting them back together. She’s curious and extremely observant. Honestly, if I wasn’t watching her grow up in front of me, I would never believe that a child could be so naturally-inclined in a specific area.
My natural inclination, when I see the way that my daughter enjoys problem-solving and analysis, is to encourage her. I like to find toys that she’s interested in or set up things for her to figure out. Most of the people who know my daughter have realized the way her mind works. The phrase “our little engineer” has become a common one when she’s in view.
So my question is this: when I buy my daughter lacing cards (she’s currently very frustrated by not being able to tie her own shoes) instead of art supplies, am I helping or hindering her? Should I be trying to help my daughter branch out into new areas or developing the skills that she’s already shown? With young girls, we often worry about directing them towards princess toys or conversations that only deal with their appearance. We don’t often speak about focusing on math too much or the dangers of too much instructional play. But do we need to make sure that we’re keeping a balance between the imaginative and the analytical?
My daughter and her left-sided brain also tend to be perfectionists. In fact, we’re having a hard time working on writing because she gets so frustrated that her letters don’t look like mine. That whole shoe-tying thing I mentioned, she gets so angry that she can’t wear tie-shoes right now because she can’t tie them all by herself yet. Directing some of her energy to creativity could help her better problem solve. It could increase her ability to think outside the box. And it could be fun! She could learn to enjoy it.
Imaginative play is extremely important. But so is constructive play. I’m not really trying to argue the merits of either, because I think we can all agree that they both have a place in children’s development. However, if our children gravitate towards one area naturally, should we, as parents, try to make them balance their interests? For answers, I turned to an experienced early childhood educator, Denise Cross. Yes, she’s my mother and yes, it is extremely helpful to have such a knowledgeable resource at my fingertips.
“It’s important to provide a mutlitude of experiences but allow your child to choose their area of interests. And with a pre-school age child, those interests could very well change. You have to give them space to decide what excites them. It’s like putting a child in soccer at age 4. If they start to show talent in that sport, then you continue to put them on soccer teams and in soccer camps. They play soccer for fifteen years and never explore any other sport that they might be interested in, like gymnastics. You need to have readily available materials to let your children try different things and explore other areas.”
The truth is that right now, my daughter does behave like a little engineer, but that might change. And no matter what she’s interested in, I want to help support her and encourage her growth. We don’t need to force our children into activities that they don’t enjoy. But we shouldn’t be shocked or disapproving if our little engineer suddenly wants to be the next Degas. | <urn:uuid:50676c36-80ea-44ae-a2ec-0257ef06e7f6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mommyish.com/our-little-engineer-are-we-cultivating-natural-talent-or-limiting-growth/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.975317 | 962 | 2.3125 | 2 |
I was one of about sixty Vietnam War veterans honored by Congresswoman DelBene on Friday, November 10th, the day before Veterans Day. I spoke to one of the speakers, Major General Bret D. who served with my unit, the 7/17 Air Cavalry. He was kind enough to give me a transcript of his Veteran’s Day 2017 Speech.
The ceremony was part of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’ 50-year commemoration of the Vietnam War, which saw more than 2.7 million Americans serve. “Thank you for your service to our nation, we salute you,” DelBene said to the crowd, many of whom were veterans wearing service hats.
Other speakers included Maj. Gen. Bret D. Daugherty, who commands the state’s Army and Air National Guard forces.
The Redmond Reporter ran a brief story about the ceremony–it appeared on the front page of their November 17th issue and on their website. The following is an excerpt from that source.
Growing up, Daugherty said he saw images of soldiers returning from the war. Veterans Day is an opportunity to thank soldiers and celebrate those who survived wars and conflicts, he said. “I believe that we owe a special thanks to those of you that served in the Vietnam War.” Only 6 percent of Americans are veterans, Daugherty said.
Soldiers don’t choose to go to war, but Daugherty said they answer the call of duty. “America is protected by ordinary people who choose to do extraordinary things with their lives,” he said. Even after their time with the military, Daugherty said their service continues by being active citizens and participants in society.
Francisco F. Ivarra, president of the Washington State Council of the Vietnam Veterans of America, addressed the crowd. Ivarra said he recently talked with an author who was documenting the stories of Vietnam veterans to be housed in the Library of Congress. He said this, along with other recognition, is important to him and other veterans of the war. “We did our part, we did what we were asked to do and we didn’t say no,” Ivarra said. His organization has made inroads for veterans by helping them get services and access to help and assistance over past decades.
The final speaker, Dr. Bill Couser, a Vietnam veteran who received a Purple Heart, said there were acts of heroism made by ordinary Americans all throughout the war. “We took care of ourselves, we took care of each other,” he said.
Following the speakers, Ivarra called the names of the veterans in the crowd as they were presented with a commemorative pin for their service in Vietnam.
After the ceremony, DelBene again thanked the veterans for their service, and said one veteran in the ceremony said this was only the second time anyone had thanked them for it.
Quoting from a Redmond Reporter article, it goes on to say,
“The Vietnam War started in 1955 after decades of the country being colonized by various countries and partitioned, beginning with the French Empire in the mid and late 1800s.By the late 1960s, America became heavily involved in the war in opposition to the forces in North Vietnam, which wanted to unify the country under a communist system.
More than 58,000 Americans were killed in the conflict, as well as millions more combatants and civilians on both sides. The war faced backlash in the U.S. and many American soldiers who returned faced social stigma. According to the Vietnam Veterans of America website, when soldiers returned from Vietnam, the U.S. government did not make taking care of them a priority. This didn’t begin to change until 1978, when a group of veteran activists formed the organization and began petitioning Congress for funding, services, and recognition. ”
There are more than 200,000 veterans in Washington state who served in the Vietnam war. | <urn:uuid:3d4cc0ce-aa95-4fb9-af50-460fdb9f8dcc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://vhpawa.org/2017/11/18/congresswoman-delbene-honors-vets/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573029.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817153027-20220817183027-00272.warc.gz | en | 0.979669 | 827 | 1.921875 | 2 |
Rural residents in Northumberland and North Durham fear they will be starved of services under plans to cut £641m from the North East’s NHS by 2021.
Health and social care bosses have released the results of a “public engagement process” on the draft Sustainability and Transformation Plan (STP) for Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, and North Durham.
The plan is one of 44 across the country drawn up by health managers and local councils across the country in an attempt to find health savings of £22 billion a year.
The North East plan says action is needed to “close the financial gap, which by 2021, if we did nothing to resolve the situation would be, £641million.”
And the figure rises to £900million including social care budgets.
The draft plan was published in 2016 and a 12-week “programme of engagement” was launched to seek the views of local people.
Now a report on the findings released by North of England Commissioning Support has revealed “particular concerns” from rural residents.
It said: “People living in rural parts of Northumberland and North Durham are particularly concerned about how they would access services if the draft STP resulted in change.”
Wansbeck MP Ian Lavery said: “I have been keen to read the full report from the STP’s latest feedback exercise for some time now. The results have come as no surprise to me.
“One of the main points regarding access to healthcare services, is something I have seen echoed in my office time and time again. I have been in contact with constituents from across Wansbeck, in rural areas and other parts of our area, who struggle with the real lack of connectivity between hospitals and their communities.
“With a geographic disadvantage in some areas such as Cambois, Longhirst, Bothal and other parts of south east Northumberland some people have no direct public transport to hospitals or emergency care facilities.”
Many residents were “frustrated that the draft STP did not have more detail about what it would mean for individual services.
They also wanted the plan to be more specific about how the needs of certain people would be met, such as young people, carers, people with mental health problems or learning disabilities.
The report, which sets out the key issues raised by those individuals and organisations that took part in the engagement, highlights eight key topics including:
Finance – The report says the theme that prompted the most comments was finance, with many saying the plan was “unachievable” with current resources.
Some questioned how the STP would actually plug the funding gap, while others suggested “double running costs” would be needed to make changes.
Tackling health inequalities – People said this was an important area to improve but stressed that it could not be done quickly
Workforce – Concerns were raised about having enough staff with the right skills in the right place at the right time to improve the health of local people.
Mark Adams, who is leading development of the STP on behalf of all local health and social care partners, said: “We are very grateful to all the individuals and organisations that took the time to read the plan and share their views.
“We have looked carefully at their feedback and will be using the views of local people to further refine the draft STP.”
Local people will have further opportunities to have their say when an updated draft plan is published later in the year. | <urn:uuid:af148f3c-22e4-4fa1-9d85-9b3238ba8521> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.chroniclelive.co.uk/news/north-east-news/health-fears-rural-residents-northumberland-13429886 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.975762 | 742 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Phnom Sar Sear Resort is the natural and cultural resort locating at the Southeast in 14-kilometer distance from the provincial town of Kam Pot. When the King, Sa Kor Reach and his troop arrive at the seaside area, he gets off the horseback and move furtively along the mountain side (at that time the mountain was an island) for fleeing. So that, We call the mountain ?Sar Sear? means ?move furtively?. Phnom Sar Sear consists of three-small mountains having approximate 1.5-square kilometer landarea. The mountain with approximate 40-meter height.
Tourists can enjoy themselves in the mountain caves such as the cave of Phnom Ach Pro Chiev and especially the cave of Phnom Dam Rey Sar where we found a great architecture of Viel Sre 100 inside. On the mountaintop of Sar Sear there is an artistic and color full Stupa built in 1964 by the princess, Rasmey Sou Phoan. The Stupa is the worshipping place where we believe in the three sacred objects of Buddhist and the cremated ash of Buddhist also kept. From the mountain foot to the top, there are meandering stairs, pagodas with monks, and many cottages for nuns and laymen. Phnom Sar Sear has beautiful natural scenery for all seasons.
On the mountaintop, we can view the scene of rice fields, forest, local villages, island, vast sea etc. The mountain is also the worshipping place for people who go there for praying and wishing for happiness and other fortunes in Buddhism. | <urn:uuid:5a79c4ca-31b1-4cac-bf8b-dd8295dce975> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tourismcambodia.com/travelguides/provinces/kep/what-to-see/229_phnom-sar-sear-resort.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935111 | 326 | 1.875 | 2 |
Kinsey Akers had to take the PSAT but was determined to make her voice heard at a public meeting on school safety that same day.
A junior at Harrison School for the Arts in Lakeland, Florida, Akers took the standardized test, checked out of school early and missed two classes so she could rush home and get ready to speak to the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Commission.
The commission formed after the February 2018 school massacre in Parkland, Florida, to make recommendations – with public input – to the Florida Legislature about making schools in the state safer. Akers is a member of March for Our Lives, a national, student-driven movement that came together after the Parkland shooting to advocate for gun reform and other measures to improve school safety.
After getting dressed, Akers picked up her cell phone and began typing a message to her mother to let her know she was leaving for the meeting. But then she received a text from a March for Our Lives colleague, telling her that the commission had pushed up the public comments and closed the meeting early.
“At first, I was in shock,” said Akers, 17. “I didn’t think they were allowed to do that. That shock soon turned to anger and a demand for the commission to be held responsible. I could not believe the commission would go to such a measure to silence the people they claim to be protecting. But I will not be silent.”
On behalf of Akers and other young plaintiffs who were denied the right to speak at the Oct. 16 meeting, the SPLC recently filed a lawsuit against the commission for violating Florida’s open meetings laws.
Many of the plaintiffs, including current high school students like Akers, were preparing to leave for or were en route to the meeting in Orlando when they were informed at about 2 p.m. that the commission had decided to take public comment early – instead of the published time of 4:45 p.m. – and had ended the meeting. Some students who were already traveling arrived to find an empty room.
The abrupt change effectively denied the youth advocates their right to publicly address the commission, the lawsuit states.
‘Little regard for the law’
“The MSD Commission violated the law when it refused to honor its own published agenda and denied these young advocates an opportunity to be heard during a critical meeting,” said Bacardi Jackson, managing attorney for the SPLC. “We raised these concerns both in person and in a letter to Commission Chair Sheriff Bob Gualtieri, but were ignored. The commission has shown little regard for the law and the communities it is charged with protecting. We are suing to ensure our clients’ voices are heard.”
The lawsuit states that the commission’s actions are part of a continuing pattern of ignoring the voices of the individuals most affected by their recommendations. A recent report by the SPLC describes how a majority of the commission’s members have law enforcement backgrounds and virtually no experience in public education, school administration, youth development or mental health. Its voting members appear to be all white and do not include students or current educators.
The plaintiffs – March for Our Lives Florida, the Florida Student Power Network, Dream Defenders and individual young people who wanted to speak at the commission meeting – are seeking a court order requiring the commission to comply with Florida’s open meetings laws.
They also ask the court to issue a ruling that would prevent the commission from making further recommendations to the Florida Legislature without providing the youth advocates an opportunity to make the comments they intended to make at the October meeting.
The meeting took place at the Omni Orlando Resort at ChampionsGate, a secluded luxury golf resort destination in a suburb that is inaccessible by public transportation and has an advertised daily parking rate of $18 to $32.
The location and parking fee made it challenging for people without cars, money to pay for parking, or access to a ride. The hearing also took place during a school day when the PSAT and SAT were being administered.
All these actions had the effect of excluding the plaintiffs – mostly young people who attend school – from making their voices heard before the commission.
Florida’s open meetings laws require that state commission meetings be open to the public and held in locations that do not exclude people based on their economic status. The laws also require commissions to give members of the public proper notice of meetings and a reasonable opportunity to be heard at them.
If given the opportunity to address the commission publicly, the student groups would explain how certain recommendations by the safety commission have led to school policies that put marginalized students at risk and make schools less safe.
Evidence-free school disciplinary policies – coupled with over-policing and over-surveillance of Florida schools – have created an environment where students, especially those from immigrant families, feel unsafe. What’s more, these policies will likely contribute not only to the school-to-prison pipeline, but also to the school-to-deportation pipeline.
“I don’t agree with many of the Marjory Stoneman Douglas Public Safety Commission’s policies and decisions,” Akers said. “Their blatant disregard for evidence-based solutions to gun violence in schools raises concerns about their intentions as an organization.
“They have supported dangerous policies such as arming teachers and increasing police presence in schools – neither of which are supported by research,” she said. “On the contrary, evidence shows that more guns lead to more deaths. We need voices on the commission who can speak to these issues.”
Photos by Orlando Sentinel/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:911867ef-7738-4717-870f-9bbe1e02b7f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.splcenter.org/news/2020/02/06/splc-sues-marjory-stoneman-douglas-high-school-safety-commission-not-allowing-students | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571097.39/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810010059-20220810040059-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.977304 | 1,181 | 1.6875 | 2 |
In these circuits, the resonant frequency is found when the effects of capacitance and inductance cancel each other out.
So to cancel these out: , and as we may assume and are fixed this requires finding the resonant frequency :
- lrc bandpass filter calculator (homerdeyoung.typepad.com)
- Operational Amplifiers Acting As Capacitance Multipliers (electronics-lab.com)
- Familiarize Electronic Components Part XIX – Inductors (dmohankumar.wordpress.com)
- Why teach circuits to bioengineers? (gasstationwithoutpumps.wordpress.com) | <urn:uuid:1309f868-d3c0-488c-ae21-82344ebba5aa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://cartesianproduct.wordpress.com/2012/06/28/tuning-an-lrc-circuit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.788342 | 137 | 2.71875 | 3 |
All of us have our own trash. It may be small or large, but still, it is trash. Do you throw them properly in the bins? Or do you just drop them on the road when it is just a candy wrapper?
Littering may be one of our problems that is why our roads are always dirty. With the small amounts of trash that we throw everyday, it would just pile up and would result to more trash pollution!
But there is one Elephant somewhere in the Earth that cares for its environment. It was caught on the CCTV picking up rubbish!
Watch the video below to be amazed!
Video from Youtube via privateicams
If elephants can clean up the mess that us, humans did, why can't we? Let us help the Earth by picking up one trash at a time. | <urn:uuid:4294835b-d055-45c8-b500-98c3734897ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://myxph.com/features/21240/an-elephant-cleaned-up-trash-and-was-caught-on-cctv/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00385-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963596 | 167 | 2.0625 | 2 |
Acta Universitatis Carolinae Kinanthropologica (AUC Kinanthropologica) is an international peer reviewed journal for the publication of research outcomes in the humanities, the social sciences and the natural sciences, as applied to kinathropology. It is a multidisciplinary journal accepting only original unpublished articles in English in the various sub-disciplines and related fields of kinanthropology, such as Anthropology, Anthropomotorics, Sports Pedagogy, Sociology of Sport, Philosophy of Sport, History of Sport, Physiology of Sport And Exercise, Physical Education, Applied Physical Education, Physiotherapy, Human Biomechanics, Psychology of Sport, Sports Training and Coaching, Sport Management, etc. The journal also welcomes interdisciplinary articles. The journal also includes reports of relevant activities and reviews of relevant publications.
The journal is abstracted and indexed by CNKI, DOAJ, EBSCO, ERIH PLUS, SPOLIT, SPORTDiscus, and Ulrichsweb.
Forearm muscle oxygenation during sustained isometric contractions in rock climbers
Jan Kodejška, Michail L. Michailov, Jiří Baláš
zveřejněno: 16. 02. 2016
Background. Bouldering and lead climbing are divergent disciplines of the sport of rock climbing. Bouldering moves are short and powerful, whilst sport climbing is longer and require a greater degree of endurance. Aim. The aim of this study was to compare forearm muscle oxygenation during sustained isometric contraction between lead climbers (LC) and boulderers (BO). Methods. Eight BO and twelve LC completed maximal finger flexor strength test and sustained contractions to exhaustion at 60% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Differences between BO and LC in maximal strength, time to exhaustion, force time integral (FTI), and tissue oxygenation (SmO2) were assessed by t-test for independent samples. Results. LC showed significantly lower level of average tissue oxygenation (BO 38.9% SmO2, s = 7.4; LC 28.7% SmO2, s = 7.1) and maximal tissue deoxygenation (BO 25.6% SmO2, s = 8.2; LC 13.5% SmO2, s = 8.5). LC demonstrated significantly lower finger flexor strength (519 N, s = 72) than BO (621 N, s = 142). LC sustained a longer time of contraction (not significantly) (BO 52.2 s, s = 11.5; LC 60.6 s, s = 13) and achieved a similar value of FTI (BO 17421 Ns, s = 4291; LO 17476 Ns, s = 5036) in the endurance test. Conclusions. The results showed lower deoxygenation during sustained contraction in BO than LC despite similar FTI, indicating different local metabolic pathways in both groups.
Klíčová slova: muscle oxygenation; isometric contraction; continuous test; sport climbing; bouldering; lead climbing
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19. Philippe, M., Wegst, D., Muller, T., Raschner, C. & Burtscher, M. (2012). Climbing-specific finger flexor performance and forearm muscle oxygenation in elite male and female sport climbers. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 112(8), 2839–2847. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
23. Thompson, E., Farrow, L., Hunt, J., Lewis, M. & Ferguson, R. A. (2014). Brachial artery characteristics and microvascular filtration capacity in rock climbers. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(4), 296–304. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
25. White, D. J. & Olsen, P. D. (2010). A time motion analysis of bouldering style competitive rock climbing. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(5), 1356–1360. CrossRef PubMed PubMed Central
157 x 230 mm
vychází: 2 x ročně
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Donald Trump is gone, and Joe Biden is now the most powerful person in America for at least a four-year period. Biden and his party, however, have only two years to prove that they are different from Trump and can make truly America great again. They only have two years because the midterm elections usually raze the governing party and can very well take the control of the Congress out of the Democrats’ hands and give it back to the Republicans. This means Biden’s time to revive the lost hopes that the American political system can actually work is way shorter than what it seems on paper.
Midterm elections are held near the midpoint of a president’s four-year term of office. Federal offices that are up for election during the midterms include all 435 seats in the United States House of Representatives and 33 or 34 of the 100 seats in the United States Senate.
Besides, 34 of the 50 U.S. states elect their governors for four-year terms during midterm elections, while Vermont and New Hampshire elect governors for two-year terms in both midterm and presidential elections. Thus 36 governors are elected during midterm elections. Many states also elect officers to their state legislatures in midterm years. There are also elections held at the municipal level. On the ballot are many mayors, other local public offices, and a wide variety of citizen initiatives.
If Biden and his party don’t use this opportunity to eliminate the threat of another Trump by leaving a poor legacy behind, for example, then the United States can very well face another era even worse than Trump’s. To actually seize this historical opportunity, Democrats need to look at the role they now have from a different perspective. This means that they and the president should not confine themselves to merely defending the US political system, but actually rebuilding it.
This is mainly because of a sad yet true fact that the US political system is flawed, and a president like Trump with his populist and extremist approach can make it worse. The system of governance in the United States is leaving too many Americans to despair and misery, too many problems unsolved, too. many people disillusioned and too many American dreams turning into real nightmares.
It is captured by corporations and paralyzed by archaic rules. It is failing, and too many Democrats treat its failures as regrettable inevitabilities rather than a true crisis. In a book titled “Presidents, Populism and the Crisis of Democracy,” political scientists William Howell and Terry Moe wrote that “populists don’t just feed on socioeconomic discontent. They feed on ineffective government — and their great appeal is that they claim to replace it with a government that is effective through their own autocratic power.”
Trump’s style of populism was very much of this kind. He led a populist radical-right movement. He was that type of a populist president who the Democrats mocked for his claims that “I alone can fix it” and they feared his passion for authoritarianism. Populism, as Howell wrote, is usually a top-down process. Howell called it a “plebiscitarian” form of linkage between the populist politician and their electorate.
Like what Trump did since the early results of the November election came out, populist leaders encourage the people to acclaim them and elect them, but otherwise to leave politics to their chief. Though it is a form of acclamation, but this sort of top-down structure does not encourage the sort of mass mobilization that would bring down a government.
Taking into account the fact that a defeat in the 2022 midterms will result in a disaster for the country, Biden and his party have also a historical duty to not let that happen. They must follow three major principles to avoid the mistakes of the past. First of all, the new government must work for the people and prioritize resolving the peoples’ challenges and concerns, and it must do it fast and bold. Second, the government must discredit the pro-Trumpist Republican members in both houses through repeated losses. And, finally, the new government must act more than words to save and serve democracy, it must value it and respect it more.
So far, Biden has shown that he wants to move in this line. His $1.9 trillion rescue plan, for example, is a good first step that can make a difference in people’s lives in the United States. It was two weeks ago that the president-elect proposed a $1.9 trillion rescue package to combat the economic downturn and the Covid-19 crisis, outlining the type of sweeping aid that Democrats have demanded for months and signaling the shift in the federal government’s pandemic response as Mr. Biden was preparing to take office.
The package includes more than $400 billion to combat the pandemic directly, including money to accelerate vaccine deployment and to safely reopen most schools within 100 days. Another $350 billion would help state and local governments bridge budget shortfalls, while the plan would also include $1,400 direct payments to individuals, more generous unemployment benefits, federally mandated paid leave for workers, and large subsidies for child care costs. “During this pandemic, millions of Americans, through no fault of their own, have lost the dignity and respect that comes with a job and a paycheck,” Biden said in a speech to the nation, “There is real pain overwhelming the real economy.”
But in less than a week, Biden’s Covid-19 package proposal is already facing opposition by some Republicans in Congress. Republican Senators Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Mitt Romney of Utah challenged the $1.9 trillion plan on this Wednesday, both expressing doubts over the need for another bill, especially one with such a price tag, less than one month after Congress passed the $900 billion measure just before the Christmas break. Such oppositions threaten to force the fledgling administration to curb some of its more progressive aims just one week after the proposal’s debut.
But the Democrats in Congress are there to oppose such biased oppositions. The party seems to be united behind sweeping legislation to expand American democracy. The “For the People Act,” for instance, is proof of it. The bill was introduced and passed in the House of Representatives in 2019 to expand voting rights, limit partisan gerrymandering, strengthen ethics rules, and limit the influence of private donor money in politics.
It was originally introduced by John Sarbanes on January 3, 2019, on behalf of the newly elected Democratic majority as the first official legislation of the 116th United States Congress. The House passed the bill on March 8, 2019, by a party-line vote of 234–193. It was not voted on in the then Republican-majority Senate, but it will be now. Also, in June last year, House Democrats passed another bill granting statehood to Washington, D.C., which would end one of the most appalling cases of systematic disenfranchisement in the country.
But none of such legal efforts can pass a Senate in which the filibuster forces 60-vote supermajorities on routine legislation. In fact, it is true that the new government has many things in mind to make the lives of the American people easier and further and expand the US democracy.
But history shows that the Democrats have been more interested in preserving the status quo of the political system than fulfilling their promises to voters and create some effective changes. Therefore, If the party persists in following the same path and committing itself to keep the trends of politics in the country rather than rebuilding it, then they will lose their majority in 2022, which inevitably means that they will lose this historical chance to make a change and save the already endangered democracy of the United States.
The last time a US government had such a unification was back in 2008 when the Democrats won the White House, the Senate, and the House. But even then, they didn’t use the opportunity to create the changes they badly needed. Of course, they passed the stimulus and Obamacare and Dodd-Frank. They saved the auto industry and also drove the largest investment in clean energy infrastructure in U.S. history.
However, this was not all they could have done. The stimulus bill was whittled down and down, ending far beneath what economists thought necessary to rescue the economy. The House’s more populist health reform bill, which included a public option, heftier subsidies, and was primarily financed by taxing the rich, was cast aside in favor of the Senate’s stingier, more complex proposal. The House passed “cramdown” legislation, which would have allowed bankruptcy judges to alter the terms of mortgages so banks took losses and homeowners would have been more likely to keep their homes, but the bill failed in the Senate.
In 2010, things went out of control and Democrats then lost six Senate seats and 63 House seats. Republicans, on the other hand, gained unified control of 17 of the 30 legislatures that then had sole district mapmaking responsibility, where Democrats lost 20 states, giving Republicans control of the decennial redistricting process. In 2021, however, Democrats have less margin for error than they did in 2009. Their congressional majorities are smaller — 50 seats in the Senate versus 60, and 222 seats in the House versus 257.
In the 2021 legislative season, Republicans will have unified control of 20 of the 28 legislatures that retain mapmaking responsibility. Democrats will control just seven. Power will be split only in Minnesota, where Republicans hold the majority in the Senate and Democrats control the House. In seven states, Democrats will control the process, which will give them a smaller effect on the national congressional results. As a result of their greater control over district lines, Republicans may have an advantage in the 2022 House elections. But some forces could counter the possibility of pro-Republican gerrymandering – including the states that have taken mapmaking power away from their partisan legislators.
But what Democrats need to do is to leave a legacy behind before their golden two-year-long time is up so that they may have a chance to get reelected for 2022, and this could not be done unless through making legislations whose effects can be seen in the lives of the American people and can be felt by them.
In other words, you won’t get reelected for things voters don’t know you did, nor you will get reelected for legislation voters cannot yet feel. The Affordable Care Act, for example, didn’t begin delivering health insurance on a mass scale until four years after the bill’s passage. That reflected a doomed effort to win Republican support by prioritizing private insurance and a budgetary gimmick meant to keep the total price tag under $1 trillion over 10 years. Obamacare eventually became a political winner for Democrats, but it took the better part of a decade. A simpler, faster, more generous bill would have been better politics and better policy.
In this regard, Senator Sanders says that “Democrats are famous for 87-point programs which sometimes do some good but nobody understands what they are,” adding also that “What we need to do now is, in very bold and clear ways, make people understand the government is directly improving their lives.” That’s particularly important in a time of fractured media, polarized parties, and widespread disinformation.
Democrats cannot rely on widely trusted media figures or civic leaders to validate their programs. The policy has to speak for itself and it has to speak clearly. Likewise, the Obama administration believed that if you got the policy right, the politics would follow. That led, occasionally, to policies that almost entirely abandoned politics, so deep ran the faith in a clever design. The Making Work Pay tax credit, which was a centerpiece of the Recovery Act, was constructed to be invisible. The Obama administration, working off new research in behavioral economics, believed that Americans would be more likely to spend a windfall that they didn’t know they got.
In his inauguration speech last week, Biden praised democracy yet warned at the same time of its fragility; “This is America’s day. This is democracy’s day,” Biden began in his inaugural address, immediately addressing the assault on the Capitol that took place in the same spot where he was speaking two weeks ago from that day. “We’ve learned again that democracy is precious. Democracy is fragile. And at this hour, my friends, democracy has prevailed,” he said. “So now, on this hallowed ground, where just a few days ago violence sought to shake the Capitol’s very foundation, we come together as one nation under God, indivisible, to carry out the peaceful transfer of power as we have for more than two centuries,” he continued. “As we look ahead in our uniquely American way, restless, bold, optimistic, and set our sights on the nation we know we can be and we must be.”
Biden also noted that “As we look ahead in our uniquely American way, restless, bold, optimistic, and set our sights on a nation we know we can be and must be, I thank my predecessors of both parties for their presence here. I thank them from the bottom of my heart. And I know the resilience of our Constitution and the strength, the strength of our nation, as does President Carter, who I spoke with last night who cannot be with us today, but who we salute for his lifetime of service.”
But Biden is wrong. Democracy did not actually prevail, rather, it barely survived all the threats that Trump posed to it. Threats that are gone as Trump is now not in power, but they can revive very easily if Democrats don’t do something bold in the two years that they have ahead of them.
Likewise, if the US actually abided by normal democratic principles, Trump couldn’t win the 2016 race in the first place, after receiving almost 3 million fewer votes than Hillary Clinton. The American people did not want this presidency, but they got it anyway, and the result was carnage. In 2020, Trump lost by about 7 million votes, but if about 40,000 votes had switched in key states, he would have won anyway. The Senate is split 50-50, but the 50 Democrats represent more than 41 million more Americans than the 50 Republicans. This is not a good system.
This is how a true democracy works; it first comes to voters, which means all the citizens in and out of a country, to choose leaders, then leaders will govern the country and the people, the people then judge the performance of the leaders, and it is again the people who will decide whether the leaders can come back to power or they must go and leave the power to their opponents.
Despite the US’s claims to be a democracy, this very process is not practiced, or at least it is broken. It is broken because of gerrymandering, because of the Senate, because of the filibuster, because of the Electoral College. It is also broken because we directly disenfranchise millions of Americans. In the nation’s capital, 700,000 residents have no vote in the House or Senate at all. The same is true in Puerto Rico, which, with 3.2 million residents, is larger than 20 existing states.
The country now faces huge crises and this, unfortunate as it is, has provided the Democratic government with opportunities to tackle the challenges and make the Americans’ lives better. Take the corona-crisis as an example. The US is the worst-hit country, but it is also the first country to produce a workable and effective vaccine for the deadly coronavirus. But so far, America has bobbled its vaccination rollout.
But the fault doesn’t lie only with Trump. In blue states where Democrats command both power and resources, like California and New York, overly restrictive eligibility criteria slowed the rollout, and huge numbers of shots were locked in freezers. It’s an embarrassment for the party. A successful mass immunization campaign will save lives, recover the damaged economy of the country, and brings back a normal life to American families again. Biden and his party now have a golden opportunity to make life easier and better for the American people. Few presidents, outside the worst of wartime, have entered office with as much opportunity to better people’s lives immediately through competent governance.
The $20 billion plan to boost the vaccination all across the country is very promising, but it’s tied to the $1.9 trillion rescue plan that the Democrats have presented to Congress. This bill requires 10 Republican votes to be passed, 10 votes that the bill still doesn’t have. The point is that they all need to be united to fight the virus and prevail, yet the problem is and has always been, that they are just not, they have rarely been.
This time, however, Biden’s government is more united, at least on paper. They have an extraordinary opportunity to change the relationship between the people and the government. If Biden succeeds, then he will not only block the way for another Trump to rise into power, he will also give Democrats a chance to win over voters who’ve lost faith in them and he will give voice to millions more that the American political system had silenced.
Biden seems to be determined to make a change and revive the almost-dead democracy of the country, He emphasized this in his inauguration address by saying that “we’ll press forward with speed and urgency, for we have much to do in this winter of peril and significant possibilities.
Much to repair, much to restore, much to heal, much to build, and much to gain”. Beautiful and promising as these words are, what matters, however, is action, real and effective action. And Biden knows this very well. He knows that to help the country get rid of the current nightmare, his government must put the people in priority and the political conflicts just aside. Time, however, is limited, and whatever the new government plans to do to save the US democracy, it’d better hurry up.
Mujeeb Rahman, (MA Stanford University, BA Stanford University) is the Managing Partner of Eastern Mollé LLP, a corporate technology law firm, and the Executive Director of Just Atonement Inc., a non-profit human rights law firm. He practices in the United States and internationally. | <urn:uuid:40455fe7-dcd7-4755-a8cb-2416360987e1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://evenpolitics.com/2021/01/27/democrats-have-two-years-to-make-heaven-out-of-hell/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.970573 | 3,798 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Emoji dictionary 👻 Ghost emoji [ gohst ih-moh-jee ] Published December 6, 2018 What does 👻 Ghost emoji mean? The Ghost emoji 👻 depicts a cartoonish looking figure in white, shaped like a teardrop or bubble with arms and round black spots for eyes. It usually pertains to scary things and, of course, to Halloween. In texting, it can mean that someone is not feeling like themselves, they are feeling inconsequential or invisible; it can mean, “hey, boo;” and it can mean the texter finds something to be surprisingly creepy. Related words 🎃 Jack-O'-Lantern emoji, 👺 Goblin emoji, 🖤 Black Heart emoji, dance with the devil, 👿 Angry Face With Horns emoji Where does 👻 Ghost emoji come from? Don’t be haunted by the many ways the Ghost emoji 👻 is used! Ghosts represent all kinds of things—the past, the unknown, people who have died, people who want to be invisible, premonitions or “feelings,” paranormal events, and more. There are even a whole bunch of words for the … thing: specter, spirit, spook, ghoul, phantasm, apparition, wraith, and poltergeist, to name a few. So basically we needed the Ghost emoji 👻 … bad. It was approved as part of Unicode 6.0 in 2010 and added to Emoji 1.0 in 2015. In most platforms, it’s shown smiling, and, for some reason, its tongue is usually hanging out. (The Google ghoul is actually winking … boo!) Examples of 👻 Ghost emoji Just when I think I can't roll my eyes any harder... 🙄💥💀👻 @jdscroggin, June 14, 2018 Treat yourself to some spooky books! Stop by the library to check out our October library display! 👻 🎃 @GFC_Activities #OnwardCentral @gfclibrary, October 9, 2020 — currently watching: the haunting of bly manor 👻 @anniesdison, October 9, 2020 SEE MORE EXAMPLES Who uses 👻 Ghost emoji? The Ghost emoji 👻 is used, of course, in relation to Halloween, but it’s also used in posts about things that are scary or unsettling. Like horror movies. Or tattoos. In texting, it can mean that someone is not feeling like themselves, they are feeling inconsequential or invisible; it can mean, “hey boo,” and it can mean the texter finds something to be surprisingly creepy. View this post on Instagram What’s on your Halloween @SFbucketlist!? Happy Halloween to the Bay Area…Incredible vid by @justinleduc ☠️👻 A post shared by San Francisco (@sf_insta) on Oct 31, 2018 at 8:05am PDT NEW TATTOO Ghost Bear 👻🐻 pic.twitter.com/Mk9oHiNz19 — Pape (@PapetheGreat) March 14, 2018 Now, I’m watching #theenchantedforest epid. Not a kid anymore but I wanna go there. @GhostAdventures 👀👻😈😱🐉🐰🐺🦄 pic.twitter.com/1NOqV3Vc1q — Rena (@sailormoon1979) July 14, 2018 Staying in the UK’s oldest hotel & trying not to think about the ghost potential. @MaidsHeadHotel 👻 pic.twitter.com/u5KFFgYGtZ — Natalie Rodgers (@Natalie_Scala) March 14, 2018 I started with the most craziest abandoned buildings i've ever explored! Today is an old Abandoned Mansion from the French Civil War and @i_am_joshyo explored this mansion to as well. 100 likes and i'll drop the 3 AM challenge this week of this place!➡️https://t.co/y184r0Ml72👻 pic.twitter.com/ujeq0deIuM — Real JefStetics World (@ItsJeffreyBrah) March 14, 2018 Booking a trip to Salem for Halloween😍🙌🏼🎃👻 — Miranda Turnbull (@mirandaturnbull) August 14, 2018 It’s used in posts about cute (but maybe a little naughty) pooches, too. My little monster 👻 pic.twitter.com/jT0T6jECkH — EMG (@ethan_g11) July 14, 2018 Just Added comfort character, grandfluencer, frito pie, walking taco, .5 selfie Note This is not meant to be a formal definition of 👻 Ghost emoji like most terms we define on Dictionary.com, but is rather an informal word summary that hopefully touches upon the key aspects of the meaning and usage of 👻 Ghost emoji that will help our users expand their word mastery. | <urn:uuid:35c946de-29e4-47b3-938b-0b3b4ddd16eb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dictionary.com/e/emoji/ghost-emoji/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00473.warc.gz | en | 0.875845 | 1,075 | 2 | 2 |
Hybrid Cloud Storage: Getting the Best of Two Worlds
This document is no longer available for download.
A new storage architecture, Hybrid Cloud Storage is emerging on the market. Its architecture combines the benefits of on-premise Scale-out NAS with public Cloud storage. In January 2012 Aberdeen surveyed 106 enterprises spanning various sectors on how they are dealing with very high growth storage. Users of this new technology will be able to choose where to locate their data, on-premise with Scale-out NAS or in the Public Cloud. In this report we look at each component of Hybrid Cloud Storage.
Landing Page Body | <urn:uuid:47e25502-1286-419e-bd47-4286f1bcdedb> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.itmanagement.com/research/hybrid-cloud-storage-getting-the-best-of-two-worlds-27305 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00545-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.914078 | 125 | 1.578125 | 2 |
An Active Learning Approach
The LUCOM curriculum offers you an integrated systems-based model that emphasizes active learning. Highlighting biomedical and clinical interdisciplinary collaboration, our curriculum correlates basic scientific information and methodology with fundamental clinical application. This approach helps you develop a holistic and osteopathic approach to medicine.
Our curriculum combines the following:
- Lecture demonstration with active-learning techniques
- Team-based learning activities
- Interactive classroom learning
- Case-based education
- High-fidelity simulation encounters and standardized patient encounters
Your First Two-Years at LUCOM
The curriculum in the first two-years is a blended, spiral curriculum featuring a variety of learning modalities, including active learning, and clinical experiences. This phase of the training provides the opportunity for students to develop professional ethical standards and well as behaviors expected of osteopathic physicians, in addition to learning the medical knowledge and skills required to graduate as an osteopathic physician.
Receive extensive lab-based opportunities in:
- Problem Solving
- Osteopathic Principles and Manipulative Techniques
- Diagnostic and Clinical Skills
- Extensive Anatomy Education
- Cadaveric Education
Your Third- and Fourth-Years at LUCOM
LUCOM student-doctors have the opportunity to perform clinical rotations globally during their OMS-III and OMS-IV year, as well as the opportunity to participate in medical outreach events during breaks. These opportunities start near the end of the first-year of education.
Receive professional experience through:
First Year – OMS-I
OMS-I starts with an introductory foundations course during the first six weeks. This is then followed by a system-based look at normal structure and function, from the molecular level to the whole-person level, as well as general pathological processes that affect human health. You receive clinical exposure in your first year through simulation encounters and standardized patient encounters.
Second Year – OMS-II
During OMS-II, your clinical experience expands with an increased opportunity to interact with standardized patients and high-fidelity simulators on campus. A second pass through the system-organized courses places more emphasis on the pathological conditions common to humans that detract from human health.
Third Year – OMS-III
For the entirety of OMS-III, you are assigned to one of LUCOM’s Core Rotation Sites. This foundational clinical education ensures quality, consistency, and coordination of the student-doctors’ clinical education as well as preparation for graduate medical education (GME) and board examinations.
- Get to know our Core Rotation Sites
Fourth Year – OMS-IV
During OMS-IV, you explore GME training opportunities through our Core Rotation Sites.
During the hospital-based sub-internships – consisting of three core elective rotations in internal medicine, emergency medicine, and surgery – you gain the opportunity to develop the knowledge and skills required to be a resident in their desired GME training program.
A notable aspect of the clinical program is a required month-long rotation in a rural practice setting. In community health centers, rural clinics, and hospitals throughout the state of Virginia, you, as a student-doctor, will participate in providing health care to medically underserved and indigent patients. You learn to treat various patients whose lifestyles, practices, and attitudes toward health care differ from those seen in more traditional training sites. This enriching educational experience is one that cannot be taught in the classroom.
LUCOM is continuing to develop strong professional relationships with Liberty University School of Law to enable opportunities to study and advance public health and health policy. Additionally, LUCOM works with the School of Nursing to advance health care team settings and promote interdisciplinary cooperation both in the classroom and in all of its clinical settings. | <urn:uuid:0079ec55-5663-4784-8582-9a6346a00c0d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.liberty.edu/lucom/academics/do-curriculum/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571222.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810222056-20220811012056-00675.warc.gz | en | 0.94257 | 784 | 2.484375 | 2 |
|Publication number||US5362530 A|
|Application number||US 08/163,733|
|Publication date||8 Nov 1994|
|Filing date||9 Dec 1993|
|Priority date||26 Sep 1990|
|Also published as||DE4132123A1|
|Publication number||08163733, 163733, US 5362530 A, US 5362530A, US-A-5362530, US5362530 A, US5362530A|
|Inventors||Tetsu Kitami, Osamu Ozawa, Jun Mito|
|Original Assignee||The Yokohama Rubber Co., Ltd.|
|Export Citation||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Patent Citations (4), Referenced by (77), Classifications (36), Legal Events (4)|
|External Links: USPTO, USPTO Assignment, Espacenet|
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 07/764,849, filed Sept. 24, 1991, now abandoned.
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to hose constructions and has particular reference to a hose suitable for use in transporting or otherwise handling refrigerant gases and fuel oils.
2. Description of the Prior Art
From the standpoint of environmental protection, there has been a strong demand for hoses of high performance or fluid impermeability particularly for use in the transport of refrigerant and fuel fluids. To cope with this trend calls for several important qualities including high impermeation to freon or fluorocarbon gases and to hydrocarbon gases, sufficient proofness to moistures, adequate flexibility and good retention of physical properties even at elevated temperature and hence immunity from fluid leakage out of metal joints at opposed hose ends.
It is known that a permeation-resistant hose can be constructed with an inner or core tube formed of a nitrile or NBR rubber and an outer cover of a chloroprene or CR rubber. This hose is hereunder called a first hose for brevity. As disclosed for instance in U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,436, a more advanced type of hose has been reputed which has a combination core including an inner peripheral wall and an outer peripheral wall. The inner wall disposed for direct contact with a gaseous or liquid fluid is made from a polyamide resin for its good gas-impervious nature and the outer wall from a rubbery material. This double-cored hose is referred to as a second hose.
The second hose is further described in terms of its physical characteristics as compared to the first hose.
1. Gas Impermeation
The second hose has been contrived to inhibit the tendency of the first hose becoming leaky of gas. This quality avoids environmental pollution and in turn ozone depletion. Maintenance-free properties are also improved with a cycle of gas replacement of 10 years. The first hose has a gas leak of 20 to 25 gf/m/72 hr at 100° C. and a gas exchange cycle of 2 years in the case of use of dichlorofluoromethane or CFC 12 as a refrigerant or coolant. To suit maintenance-free transport, the limit of gas leak should be not more than 5 gf/m/72 hr at 100° C.
Trifluoromonofluoroethane or HFC 134a has of late been accepted as a good substitute for the CFC 12 gas. The substitute gas is less likely to erode the ozone layer. The above limit of gas leak applies to the use of HFC 134a.
The second hose is designed not only for coolant delivery but also for vibration absorption between a fuel engine and a car body in automotive vehicles. Flexibility is important to that end and should be smaller than 2.0 kgf in bending strength as is acceptable in the first hose.
3. Moisture Proofness
When a relatively large proportion of moisture penetrates through the cover and then the core into a flowing refrigerant, condensation will take place in the refrigerating system and thus damage the corresponding compressor. Moisture permeation should be held to an absolute minimum and set at or below one third as small as the first hose. To be more specific, 0.2 mgf/cm2 /day at 50° C. or smaller is acceptable as against 0.6 mgf/cm2 /day at 50° C. peculiar to the first hose.
4. Freedom from Fluid Leak out of Metal Joints
The second hose is usually provided at both ends with metal joints clamped for fitting interengagement with the corresponding system. Stress retention should be as great as possible at high temperature. Initial stresses at or near the clamped joints will decline upon exposure of the hose to heat during its use. This causes a sharp drop in residual stress and a fluid leak from and around the hose-to-metal joint.
The second hose has its inherent advantages as it meets with the foregoing physical characteristics. Owing to its double-layered core, however, the second hose needs to be produced with many different steps of processing and also with a vulcanizing step of rubber. This is tedious and costly.
Alternatively, it has been proposed to construct a hose with an inner tube of a single layer formed from a gas-impervious polyamide resin and an outer cover from a moisture-proof fluorine rubber. Although easy to form with a minimum of steps devoid of vulcanization, such single-cored hose is undesirable for practical purposes. It is not sufficiently flexible and prone to soften on application of heat and hence leak at or around the associated metal fittings.
The present invention seeks to a new hose which is highly gas-impermeable, moisture-proof, flexible and stress-retentive and easy to produce without vulcanization.
Many other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In one aspect the invention provides a hose comprising (a) an inner tube formed from a first composition comprised of a polymer alloy in which a continuous phase is constituted by at least one polyamide resin, and a disperse phase is composed of an acrylic rubber, the polyamide resin having been grafted with said acrylic rubber, (b) a reinforcing layer disposed over the core and formed of a synthetic fibrous material or a metallic wiry material, and (c) an outer cover laminated around the reinforcing layer and formed from a second composition comprised of a thermoplastic elastomer in which a continuous phase is constituted by a polyolefin resin, and a disperse phase is composed of at least one of an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and a butyl-based rubber, the one rubber having been vulcanized at least partly.
In another aspect the invention provide a hose comprising (a) an inner tube including an inner peripheral wall and an outer peripheral wall, the inner peripheral wall being formed from a third composition of at least one polyamide resin or a blend thereof with a polyolefin resin, the outer peripheral wall being formed from a first composition comprised of a polymer alloy in which a continuous phase is constituted by at least one polyamide resin, and a disperse phase is composed of an acrylic rubber, the polyamide resin having been grafted with the acrylic rubber, or from a fourth composition comprised of a thermoplastic elastomer in which a continuous phase is constituted by a polyolefin resin, and a disperse phase is made up of at least one rubber selected from an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, a butyl-based rubber and an acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, the one rubber having been vulcanized at least partly, (b) a reinforcing layer disposed over the outer peripheral wall and formed of a synthetic fibrous material or a metallic wiry material, and (c) an outer cover laminated around the reinforcing layer and formed from a second composition comprised of a thermoplastic elastomer in which a continuous phase is constituted by a polyolefin resin, and a disperse phase is composed of at least one of an ethylene-propylene-diene rubber and a butyl-based rubber, the one rubber having been vulcanized at least partly.
FIG. 1 is a graphic representation of the hose according to a first embodiment of the present invention, showing the bending strength as plotted against the core thickness.
FIGS. 2 and 3 each are views similar to FIG. 1 but explanatory of the correlation between the gas permeation and the core thickness.
FIG. 4 graphically represents the hose according to a second embodiment of the invention, showing the bending strength as plotted against the thickness of the core inner wall.
FIGS. 5 and 6 each are views similar to FIG. 4 but illustrative of the correlation between the gas permeation and the thickness of the core inner wall.
FIG. 7 illustrates the modified hose of the second embodiment, showing the bending strength as plotted against the thickness of the core inner wall.
FIGS. 8 and 9 each are views similar to FIG. 7 but explanatory of the correlation between the gas permeation and the thickness of the core inner wall.
FIG. 10 is a diagrammatic view taken longitudinally sectionally of a gas permeation tester employed in the examples described later.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention, a hose is comprised essentially of an inner or core tube of a single-layered structure, a reinforcing layer and an outer cover superimposed in the order mentioned.
For the sake of simplicity, the inner or core tube is hereinafter referred to as a "core" and the outer cover as a "cover". The term core should be construed as cylindrically hollow.
The core used herein is formed by a composition predominantly of a graft polymer alloy in which a continuous phase is constituted by one or more polyamide resins, and a disperse phase is composed of an acrylic rubber, the former resin having been grafted with the latter rubber. In this polymer alloy the acrylic rubber is greater in proportion than the polyamide resin. It usually has a polyamide resin contained as a continuous phase but may be of a salami configuration in which a polyamide resin and an acrylic rubber are varied in their dispersion states with the resin being further dispersed in a disperse or rubbery phase.
Polyamide resins used for the invention may be chosen from homopolymers such as nylon 6, nylon 8, nylon 10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66 and the like and copolymers such as nylon 6-nylon 66, nylon 6-nylon 12, nylon 12-nylon 12, nylon 6-nylon 66-nylon 610 and the like. They may be used alone or in combination.
Suitable acrylic rubbers include copolymers or ACM rubbers of alkyl acrylate esters with a crosslinkable monomer containing a small amount of chlorine, copolymers or ANM rubbers of alkyl acrylate esters with acrylonitrile, copolymers of alkyl acrylate esters with an active chlorine-containing monomer, copolymers of alkyl acrylate esters with a carboxyl group-containing monomer, copolymers of alkyl acrylate esters with an epoxy group-containing monomer and the like.
The graft polymer alloy according to the invention is unique since it is capable of exhibiting the physical properties inherent to a given polyamide resin as the continuous phase and those inherent to a given acrylic rubber as the disperse phase and moreover of providing synergistic benefits. Such polymer alloy is by nature elastic and notably tough at low temperature, proof to heat aging, impermeable to freon gases, resistant to chemicals such as oils, flexible and retentive of physicochemical properties and also fully processable without addition of plasticizers. Commercially available from DuPont are ETP 40, ETP 60, ETP 80 (N66-ACM), ETP 65 (N6-ACM) and ETP-BMR as equivalent to the polymer alloy according to the invention.
The composition as above specified for core formation may be blended, where desired, with inorganic fillers, pigments, plasticizers and antioxidants.
The cover according to the invention is formed from a composition composed mainly of a thermoplastic elastomer in which are contained a polyolefin resin and one or more rubbers selected from ethylene-propylene-diene or EPDM rubber and butyl-based rubbers and in which a continuous phase is constituted by the resin, and a disperse phase is composed of the rubber or rubbers, the rubber component having been vulcanized at least partly. This thermoplastic elastomer may have, as a salami-like configuration, a polyolefin resin incorporated in dispersed form even into the rubbery phase.
Suitable thermoplastic elastomers fall within those meeting the following physical requirements as stipulated by ASTM D-638 and D-1566, namely (a) a tension set of not more than 160%, preferably below 150%, (b) a compression set of smaller than 50% at 120° C.×72 hr, (c) a Young's modulus or initial tensile elasticity of less than 2,500 kgf/cm2 as a measure of flexibility and (d) a level of rubber-like elasticity up to 120° C. The thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention, because of its strict compliance with the above qualities, shows a physical behavior as to vulcanized rubbers in common use and suits processing like general thermoplastic resins.
Polyolefins useful in the thermoplastic elastomer are isotactic or syndiotactic, crystalline solids of high molecular weights obtainable by low- or high-pressure polymerization of one or more monoolefins such as ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 4-methyl-1-pentene and 5-methyl-1-hexene either alone or in combination. Polypropylene is particularly preferred.
Suitable dienes for the EPDM rubber in the thermoplastic elastomer are dicyclopentadiene, ethylidene norbornene, 1,4-hexadiene and the like.
Butyl-based rubbers as components for the thermoplastic elastomer are butyl or IIR rubber, chlorinated butyl or Cl-IIR rubber, brominated butyl or Br-IIR rubber and the like. Better chosen is a Cl-IIR rubber with an average molecular weight of about 35×104 to 45×104 and a chlorination ratio of about 1.1 to 1.3%.
The thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention may be derived for example by taking a melted admixture of a given resin and one or more given rubbers into a Banbury or Brabender mixer or a twin-screw extruder, followed by dispersion of the rubbery phase in comminuted form and by curing of that phase, while in mastication, with addition of a crosslinking agent and a temperature set to facilitate the curing reaction. This is known as dynamic curing or dynamic vulcanization. When EPDM is used as the rubber component, vulcanization is effected preferrably with use of a vulcanizing agent such as a phenol-based compound, sulfur or organic peroxide, while a phenol-based compound, sulfur or quinonedioxime-based compound is convenient in curing butyl-based rubbers.
To the thermoplastic elastomer may be added the rubber component in an amount of 25 to 75 parts by weight, preferably 30 to 70 parts by weight, in terms of the resin and rubber being totaled at 100 parts by weight. The particle size of the rubber component dispersed may be set to be not more than 50 μm, preferably smaller than 20 μm, more preferably 5 μm.
The thermoplastic elastomer according to the invention is highly moisture-proof, heat aging-resistant and weather-resistant and fully retentive of physical qualities at elevated temperature. As equivalents to such thermoplastic elastomer are commercially obtainable Monsanto's Santoprene and DSM's Kelpfox, a polypropylene resin component and an EPDM rubber component having been subject to dynamic curing in both products, and Exxon's Trefsin in which polypropylene is used as the resin component and a combination of EPDM and Cl-IIR as the rubber component.
Various other additives may be incorporated in the composition specified for cover formation, and they include inorganic fillers, pigments, plasticizers, antioxidants and the like.
The reinforcing layer interposed between the core and the cover is formed, though not restricted, from synthetic fibers or metallic wires which may be braided or spirally wound. Typical examples of synthetic fibers are vinylon fibers obtainable from Unitica, polyester fibers such as polyethylene terephthalate fibers available as Tetron from Toray, nylon fibers such as nylon 6 and nylon 66 as Leona from Ashi Chemical, rayon fibers, aromatic polyamide fibers and the like. Included metallic wires are steel wires brass-plated to improve rust inhibition and adhesion strength.
A stress crack-inhibiting barrier layer may be assembled into the hose of the invention for particular application.
To produce the hose of the invention, the following process steps are convenient but not restrictive. On an extruder a given polymer alloy-containing composition is extruded into a tubular shape, whereby a core is formed. The resulting core is adhesion-treated over its outer surface on which a given fibrous material is adhesively firmly braided by a braiding machine. Around the braided layer precoated with an adhesive is laminated a cover by extruding a given thermoplastic elastomer-containing composition with use of an extruder. Suitable adhesives are isocyanate-, phenol-, resorcinol- and urethane-based compounds among which the urethane adhesive is more convenient. The hose thus obtained is as contemplated under the invention.
Due to the omission of vulcanization under adverse heat and pressure conditions, the hose of the invention is not susceptible to shrinkage or deformation at the processing stage. This precludes the use of a mandrel except that the hose needs to be dimensioned with greater precision.
A second embodiment of the invention is directed to a hose constructed essentially with a core of a double-layered structure, a cover and a reinforcing layer interposed therebetween. The core includes an inner peripheral wall and an outer peripheral wall.
The inner peripheral wall used herein is formed from a composition comprised of one or more polyamide resins selected from homopolymers such as nylon 6, nylon 8, nylon 10, nylon 11, nylon 12, nylon 66 and the like and copolymers such as nylon 6-nylon 10, nylon 6-nylon 12, nylon 6-nylon 66 and the like.
To simultaneously improve impermeation to freon gases and resistance to stress cracks, the composition used for formation of the inner wall is composed of greater than 60% by weight of nylon 11 and/or nylon 12 and smaller than 40% by weight of other different polyamides such as nylon 6 and the like, preferably a polyblend of nylon 11, nylon 6 and/or nylon 6-nylon 66 and one or more polyolefins. More specifically, the polyblend is composed of 40 to 80 parts by weight of nylon 6 and/or nylon 6-nylon 66, 5 to 30 parts by weight of nylon 11 and/or nylon 12 combined with 10 to 40 parts by weight of one or more polyolefins. Suitable polyolefins are polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer and their derivatives obtainable by addition reaction with maleic acid.
The above specified polyblends are highly impermeable to freon gases, less extractable with fuel oils such as gasoline and with alcohols, sufficiently resistant to stress crack and fully acceptable in flexibility.
The outer peripheral wall according to the invention is formed from either one or both of a composition comprised of a polymer alloy and a composition comprised of a first thermoplastic elastomer. The polymer alloy used here is substantially the same as intended for core formation in the first-embodied hose, and no further explanation is believed necessary with regard to the resinous and rubbery components, graft and disperse configurations, different additives, physical characteristics, commercial equivalents and other details. The first thermoplastic elastomer according to the second embodiment is configured to have as a continuous phase one or more polyolefins and as a disperse phase at least one rubber selected from an ethylene-propylene-diene or EPDM rubber, a butyl-based rubber and an acrylonitrile-butadiene or NBR rubber as will be later described in connection with a similar or second thermoplastic elastomer employed to form the cover in the second-embodied hose.
One and the same thermoplastic elastomer is contemplated in forming the cover of each of the first- and second-embodied hoses. Thus, all the details as regards the thermoplastic elastomer of the first embodiment are applied equally to the second counterpart of the second embodiment.
In the second-embodied hose the first thermoplastic elastomer for use in forming the outer wall of the core differs from the second counterpart for cover formation only in that this former elastomer may contain, in addition to an EPDM rubber and a butyl-based rubber, an acrylonitrile-butadiene or NBR rubber as the disperse phase. The NBR rubber is a random copolymer of acrylonitrile with butadiene, the acrylonitrile content being preferably in the range of 15 to 45%. The random copolymer used herein may be incorporated with a different component such as divinyl benzene, vinyl pyridine, acrylic acid or the like.
The first thermoplastic elastomer eligible for the invention is similar to the second counterpart in respect of the details of resin-rubber proportions, particle sizes, continuous-disperse configurations, preparation methods by dynamic vulcanization and vulcanizing agents.
The first thermoplastic elastomer thus available when abundant in the NBR rubber is highly moisture-proof, heat aging-resistant, weather-resistant, flexible and retentive of physical qualities. Even when not rich in the NBR rubber, it is physically acceptable except for moisture proofness and weathering resistance. Commercial equivalents to such elastomer are Monsanto's Santoprene and DSM's Kelprox, both products being composed of polypropylene as a thermoplastic resin and EPDM as a rubber component and subjected to dynamic curing, Exxon's Trefsin resulting from dynamically curing a blend of propylene with EPDM and Cl-IIR and Montanto's Diolast which is a dynamic vulcanizate of propylene and NBR.
The polyamide-based composition for the formation of the inner wall of the core may be blended at will with inorganic fillers, pigments, plasticizers, antioxidants and the like. Various other additives may be incorporated in the composition mainly of the first thermoplastic elastomer used to form the outer wall of the core, and they include softeners, inorganic fillers, pigments, plasticizers, antioxidants and the like. The additives mentioned in connection with the first-embodied hose are those employed in the polymer alloy-based composition for use in forming the outer wall of the core and in the composition predominantly of the second thermoplastic elastomer for cover formation.
The reinforcing layer of the second-embodied hose is made up in the same manner as is in the first-embodied hose.
According to a modified form of the second-embodied hose, the core is assembled with an inner peripheral wall formed from a polymer alloy-based composition and an outer peripheral wall formed from a thermoplastic elastomer-based composition. Both compositions used in this modified hose are the same as those utilized and specified in forming the outer wall of the core in the second-embodied hose. Other details of the second-embodied hose are followed in building up the reinforcement and cover in the modified construction.
The thickness of the inner wall of the core ranges from 0.05 to 0.80 mm in the second-embodied hose and from about 0.05 to 2.0 mm, preferably from about 0.20 to 1.5 mm, in the modified hose.
To suit particular applications, the second-embodied and modified hoses may be constructed with a core of a multi-layered structure or with a barrier layer against stress crack.
The second-embodied hose is advantageously producible without vulcanization. For instance, a polyamide-based composition is extruded over a release-treated mandrel with use of an extruder, thereby forming a resinous tube as an inner peripheral wall on the mandrel. The tube-carrying mandrel is passed through an extruder from which a polymer alloy-based composition or a first thermoplastic elastomer-based composition is extruded as an outer peripheral wall over the inner wall on the mandrel. Prior to extrusion of the outer wall, the inner wall may if necessary be coated or sprayed with an adhesive such as of a rubber chloride, phenol resin, HRH or urethane type. The inner wall may be adhesively put into an outer wall previously formed.
The outer wall after being adhesion-treated is braided over its outer periphery with a fibrous reinforcing material by means of a braiding machine. Adhesion treatment is done around the braided reinforcement over which a second thermoplastic elastomer-based composition is extruded on an extruder so as to form a cover. Finally, the mandrel is pulled out of the resulting laminate so that there is obtained a double-cored hose according to the second embodiment.
Adhesives for use on the outer wall and reinforcing layer may be of an isocyanate, phenol resin, resorcinol or urethane type. The urethane adhesive is particularly convenient.
The modified hose of the second embodiment may be produced devoid of vulcanization. Around a release-treated mandrel is extruded a polymer alloy-based composition on an extruder so that an inner peripheral wall is formed on the mandrel. A first thermoplastic elastomer-based composition is laminated as an outer peripheral wall over the inner wall while the mandrel is being passed through an extruder. A reinforcement is braided and a cover laminated as in the second-embodied hose. By subsequent removal of the mandrel, a modified hose is provided as desired. In this instance the inner and outer walls and reinforcing layer may be likewise adhesion-treated.
Although the second-embodied and modified hoses have been described as produced by the use of a mandrel, they are obtainable in a mandrel-free manner except that dimensional accuracy is necessary. Both hoses are not shrinkable with heat or deformable under pressure as on vulcanization and hence dimensionally stable.
The following examples are given to further illustrate the invention.
Many different hoses of 11 mm in inside diameter were produced as formulated in Table 1 and by the methods indicated below. Inventive Examples 1 to 12 were directed toward the first embodiment of the invention. All the test hoses were checked for performance and material characteristics under the conditions given hereunder and with the results shown in Tables 1 and 2 and FIGS. 1 to 3.
(a) A core was formed by extruding a graft polymer alloy of N6 and ACM into a tubular shape on an extruder.
(b) A urethane adhesive (Lord's Chemlock EP 4802-36) was coated around the core.
(c) Over the adhesion-treated core was disposed a reinforcing layer by braiding fibrous polyester (Toray's Tetron, 1500 d/2) or fibrous rayon (AKZO, 1650 d/2).
(d) The reinforcing layer was treated on its outer surface with a similar adhesive.
(e) A cover was laminated over the reinforcing layer by extrusion of a thermoplastic elastomer (Inventive Examples 1 to 12) and a thermoplastic resin (Comparative Example 1) with use of an extruder.
(a) A blend of N6-N11-PO was extruded on to a release-treated mandrel on a resin extruder to thereby an inner peripheral wall on the mandrel.
(b) On a rubber extruder a Cl-IIR-based composition was extruded as an outer peripheral wall over the inner wall on the mandrel so that a double-layered core was formed.
(c) Over the outer wall was disposed a reinforcement by braiding fibrous polyester dip-treated with RFL (Toray's Tetron 1500 d/2, heatset stretch, ±0% at 215° C.).
(d) A cover was laminated around the reinforcement by extrusion of a Cl-IIR-based composition on a rubber extruder.
(e) The resulting laminate after being wrapped with a cloth ribbon-type wrapper was steam-vulcanized under pressure at 160° C. for one hour.
(f) Subsequently, the wrapper was stripped off and the mandrel pulled off.
The method of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was followed except that an N6-N11-PO resin was extruded to form a single-layered core.
The method of Comparative Examples 2 and 3 was followed except that a single-layered core was formed by extrusion of an NBR composition and a cover by extrusion of a CR rubber composition.
Bending strength is measured by bending a test hose along a circular arc with a given range of radia. Determination (n=2) is made initially from a 10-fold radius (10 D) of an outside diameter of the hose and eventually to a 3-fold radius. As a flexibility factor a reading is done at a 4-fold radius from a curve in which the bending strength has been plotted against the bending radius.
The hose of the prior art is usually at a flexibility level of 2.0 kgf. Any one among various other hoses made up of a resinous core is known to be 6 to 7 kgf at that level. Such a hose is poor in handling for interfitting with the corresponding system for example in a limited engine room in motor cars. To facilitate handling, the magnitude of bending strength has been found to be acceptable at below 3.5 kgf.
The vibration absorption of a hose is also correlative with its flexibility but in a non-linear manner. Above 3.5 kgf in bending strength causes a sharp rise in reaction force, leading to insufficient vibration absorption. The bending strength of the hose should therefore be smaller than 3.5 kgf, preferably below 2.0 kgf.
2. Gas Impermeation
JRA 2001 is followed which has been stipulated by the Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning Institute of Japan.
A 45-cm long hose provided at both ends with metal joints is charged with a coolant, CFC 12 or HFC 134a, in an amount of 0.6±0.1 g/cm3 hose, followed by standing at 100° C. for 96 hours. Weight losses or gas leaks are measured between 24 and 96 hours and converted to a unit of gf/m/72 hr.
The prior hose has a gas leak of CFC 12 of 20 to 25 gf/m/72 hr with a gas exchange cycle of nearly 2 years. A 10-year cycle of gas replacement is necessary for maintenance-free transport. The gas leak should be less than 5 gf/m/72 hr regardless of the kind of gases.
3. Moisture Proofness
A dessicant, molecular sieve 3A, is put in a volume equivalent to 80% of the hose volume into a hose having been left in an oven at 50° C. for 5 hours. The hose after being sealed is allowed to stand at a temperature of 50° C. and at a relative humidity of 95%. The dessicant weight is measured every 120 hours and up to 400 hours and converted to a value of mgf/cm2 /day. Moisture permeations of less than 0.2 mgf/cm2 /day are acceptable.
4. Air Tightness
A joint-fitted hose is heat-aged at 100° C. for 336 hours and then cooled at room temperature, followed by standing in water and by subsequent application of an internal pressure of 40 kgf/cm2. Air leakage is inspected with naked eye.
Test specimens were prepared by individually extruding, into a tubular shape of 11 mm in inside diameter and of 1 mm in thickness, the resinous and rubbery materials used for hose formation.
Vulcanization was effected at 160° C. for one hour in the case of use of a Cl-IIR-based composition and at 150° C. for one hour in the case of use of an NBR-based composition and a CR-based composition.
1. Tensile Elasticity
The specimen is cut into a 5-mm wide strip and then allowed to draw a stress-strain curve on an autograph in an environment at 20° C. Tensile elasticity is counted from an initial inclination on that curve.
2. Retention of Tensile Elasticity
The procedure of item 1 is followed except that the environment is changed at 120° C. Counted is a ratio of an tensile elasticity at 120° C. to that at 20° C.
3. 50% Modulus
A dumb-bell test piece of JIS No. 3 is stamped from the specimen. JIS K-6301 is followed in measuring M50 at 20° C.
4. Retention of 50% Modulus
M50 at 120° C. is determined as is in item 3 and by the JIS K-6301 procedure. Counted is a ratio of 50% moduli both at 120° C. and at 20° C.
5. Gas Permeation
A tester T is used as shown in FIG. 10. Into a stainless steel cup 11 is put a coolant 12, CFC 12 or HFC 134a, in half a volume of the cup. Mounted atop the cup is a specimen 13 cut in sheet-like form on which is disposed a sintered metal plate 14. Both the plate and the specimen are held in secured relation to the cup by means of bolts 15 and nuts 16.
The tester is let to stand in an atmosphere at 100° C. and measured in its total weight every 24 hours, whereby weight looses are examined. Gas permeability is counted from the following equation.
gas permeability (gf/mm/24 hr cm2)=Mt/TA
A (cm2): permeation area
T (day): test duration
M (gf): weight loss
T (mm): specimen thickness
6. Moisture Permeation
Moisture permeability is counted by the procedure of item 5 except that water is used in place of the coolant gas and in an atmosphere at 80° C.
A. Material Characteristics (Table 2)
A-1) The inventive polyamide-acrylic rubber alloy (N6-ACM) (DuPont's ETP 65) used for core formation in the invention has been found smaller in tensile elasticity by 60% than an N6-N11-PO resin (a 58.2-14.5-27.3 ratio) as taught in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 63-125885. Such alloy, therefore, is highly flexible and moreover fully retentive of elasticity as high as 38% at 120° C. and hence rather akin to vulcanized rubber. Though substantially comparable in moisture permeation to that blend, such inventive alloy is superior in gas impermeability.
A-2) The inventive thermoplastic elastomers for cover formation (EPDM and Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP) are adequate in flexibility and akin to vulcanized rubber in M50 at 120° C. Such elastomers are smaller in permeation resistance to gas and to moisture than N6-ACM and N6-N11-PO. Taking HFC 134a impermeability and moisture proofness in view, however, Trefsin (Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP) bears a close resemblance to vulcanized butyl-based rubber, whereas Santoprene (EPDM-PP) is similar in moisture proofness to that vulcanized rubber.
B. Hose Characteristics (Table 1 and FIGS. 1 to 3)
B-1) Flexibility, Gas Impermeation and Moisture Proofness
B-1-1) Inventive Examples 1 to 4
The hoses of an N6-ACM core and an EPDM-PP cover are highly satisfactory in respect of the test characteristics.
The bending strength of a hose is closely associated with its core thickness. Above 2.0 mm would lead to too great bending strength. Gas impermeability is also dominated by the core thickness. Below 0.5 mm would render the resultant hose relatiely permeable to CFC 12 but sufficiently resistant to HFC 134a.
B-1-2) Inventive Examples 5 to 8
The hoses of an N6-ACM core and a Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP cover are all acceptable in the test qualities. The core thickness should not be more than 2.0 mm so as to attain the targeted flexibility. While gas impermeability varies with the core thickness, Inventive Examples 5 to 8 are slightly superior to Inventive Examples 1 to 4.
B-1-3) Inventive Examples 3, 7, 9 and 11
These hoses have assembled a rayon-braided reinforcement in place of a polyester-braided one. Both reinforcements make no substantial difference to the test qualities.
B-1-4) Inventive Examples 9 to 12
These hoses have a cover of varied thickness, 2.0 or 1.0 min. A cover of reduced thickness renders both flexibility and gas impermeability rather variable but to an acceptable extent.
B-1-5) Comparative Example 1
A core is formed of N6-ACM and a cover of ETFE known to be a gas-impermeable, moisture-proof thermoplastic resin. Production is made possible without vulcanization. Such comparative hose exhibits improved impermeation to gas and to moisture but result in reduced flexibility from the inherent hardness of ETFE. Another drawback is that the ETFE cover tends to soften on exposure to high temperature, leading to air leakage.
B-1-6) Comparative Examples 2 and 3
A double-layered core is assembled with an inner peripheral wall of N6-N11-PO and an outer peripheral wall of Cl-IIR. Although acceptable in the test qualities, these comparative hoses are producible with need of vulcanization and with resort to many process steps and hence only in an expensive manner. Because the resinous material is formed in a relatively small thickness, a mandrel is needed in processing that resin.
B-1-7) Comparative Example 7
This hose is of a conventional type with an NBR core and a CR cover and undesirable for coolant transport.
B-2) Air Tightness
B-2-1) Inventive Examples 1 to 12
These hoses are all free from air leak due presumably to the core being fully retentive of tensile elasticity at 120° C.
B-2-2) Comparative Examples 1, 4 and 5
A cover is formed of ETFE and a core of N6-N11-PO. These resins are not sufficient in physical retention at high temperature.
Different hoses of 11 mm in inside diameter were produced as formulated in Table 3 and by the method given hereunder. Inventive Examples 13 to 30 were provided in accordance with the second embodiment of the invention.
Performance evaluation was made of all the test hoses and also of their constituent materials under the conditions indicated below and with the results shown in Tables 3 and 4 and FIGS. 4 to 6.
Inventive Examples 13 to 30/Comparative Examples 7 to 9
(a) An N6-N11-PO blend was extruded on to a release-treated mandrel on a resin extruder, thereby forming an inner peripheral wall of a core on the mandrel.
(b) A urethane adhesive (Lord's Chemlock EP 4802-36) was coated on to the inner wall.
(c) On a resin extruder an N6-ACM alloy or an EPDM-PP or Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP elastomer was extruded over the inner wall so that an outer peripheral wall was laminated around the inner wall.
(d) The outer wall was coated with a similar urethane adhesive.
(e) Over the outer wall a reinforcement was disposed by braiding fibrous polyester (Toray's Tetron, 1500 d/2 ).
(f) A similar urethane adhesive was applied on to the reinforcement.
(g) A cover was laminated over the reinforcement by extrusion of a Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP or EPDM-PP elastomer (Inventive Examples 13 to 30) or an NBR-PP elastomer (Comparative Examples 7 to 9).
(h) Finally, the mandrel was pulled out of the laminate.
Several physical properties, namely flexibility, gas impermeation, moisture proofness and air tightness, are determined as are in Inventive Examples 1 to 12.
Further evaluation is made of ozone resistance by the JIS K-6330 procedure. A test specimen is wound around a cylindrical member of an 8-fold outside diameter of the outside diameter of a hose, followed by standing in a constant atmosphere. The ozone concentration is 50 pphm and the temperature at 40° C. Cracking is inspected every 24 hours and up to 168 hours. This quality is adjudged by the length of time required for a crack to take place. No cracks at the 168th hour are taken as acceptable.
To prepare test specimens, the resinous and rubbery materials used for hose formation were extruded individually into a tubular shape of 11 mm in inside diameter and of 1 mm in thickness.
The procedures of the Inventive Examples 1 to 12 are followed in evaluating tensile elasticity, retention of tensile elasticity, 50% modulus, retention of 50% modulus, gas impermeation and moisture proofness.
Smaller bending strengths than 3.5 kgf are acceptable and below 2.0 kgf more preferable.
Flexibility is variable more with the thickness of an inner wall of the core than with the parameters, tensile elasticity and M50, of an outer wall of the core and of the cover. With an inner wall of the core of smaller than 1.5 mm in thickness, preferably less than 0.8 mm, the inventive hoses are sufficiently flexible regardless of the materials of the outer wall and of the cover.
2. Gas Impermeation
Impermeation to CFC 12 and HFC 134a for hose performance is acceptable at below 5 gf/m/72 hr at 100° C.
This quality is governed by the thickness of an N6-N11-PO resin used to form an inner wall of the core rather than the materials of the core outer wall and cover. Inner walls of greater than 0.05 mm in thickness are effective in inhibiting both gases against leak. CFC 12 is more leakable than HFC 134a. To ensure resistance to gas permeation, the core preferably has an inner wall of more than 0.1 mm in thickness.
3. Moisture Proofness
Below 0.2 mgf/cm2 /day is acceptable for hose performance.
The inventive hoses are all adequate in this quality. A hose with an outer wall of NBR/PP and a cover of NBR/PP is unacceptably moisture-permeable (Comparative Example 9). This is attributable to the NBR/PP elastomer being inherently less resistant to moisture permeation.
4. Air Tightness
When a hose is made with use of thermoplastic resins in place of rubbers and without need of vulcanization, concern arouses that it may cause plastic deformation and hence air leak. To prevent such likely malfunction, the inventive hoses are structured to incorporate the stress-retentive materials specified above.
5. Ozone Resistance
The inventive hoses are sufficiently ozone-resistant. An NBR/PP cover is susceptible to cracking probably due to the peculiar nature of NBR (Comparative Examples 7 to 9).
The hoses according to the invention have a core inner wall ranging in thickness from 0.05 to 2.00 mm and thus excel in flexibility and gas impermeation. Moisture proofness and ozone resistance are improved by the use of a cover formed from a thermoplastic elastomer of EPDM and butyl-based rubbers. The thickness of the inner wall is preferably greater than 0.05 mm also in view of that wall being liable to faults such as scars.
As listed in Table 5, different hoses of 11 mm in inside diameter were produced according to the second embodiment modified. Performance evaluation was made as in Inventive Examples 13 to 30 and with the results shown in Tables 5 and 6 and FIGS. 7 to 9.
The method of Inventive Examples 13 to 30 was followed except for certain modifications made. An N6-ACM alloy was used to form an inner peripheral wall of a core, whereas an EPDM-PP, Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP or NBR-PP elastomer was used for formation of an outer peripheral wall. A cover was formed from a Cl-IIR-EPDM-PP or EPDM-PP elastomer.
(a) On a resin extruder an N6-N11-PO resin was extruded into a tubular shape to thereby form a core of a single-layered structure.
(b) The core was coated with a urethane adhesive (Lord's Chemlock EP 4802-36).
(c) Around the adhesion-treated core was braided as a reinforcement fibrous polyester (Toray's Tetron, 1500 d/2).
(d) A similar adhesive was applied on to the reinforcement.
(e) A cover was laminated over the reinforcement by extrusion of ETFE on a resin extruder.
(a) With use of a resin extruder an N6-N11-PO blend was extruded on to a release-treated mandrel to form thereon an outer peripheral wall of a core.
(b) Over the inner wall was laminated an outer peripheral wall by extrusion of Cl-IIR on a rubber extruder.
(c) A reinforcement was disposed around the outer wall by braiding fibrous polyester RFL-treated (Toray's Tetron, 1500 d/2, heatset stretch, ±0% at 215° C.).
(d) A cover was laminated over the reinforcement by extrusion of Cl-IIR by means of a rubber extruder.
(e) Steam vulcanization was effected at 160° C. for one hour.
(f) The mandrel was pulled out of the vulcanizate.
The method of Comparative Examples 11 and 12 was followed except that the core was formed into a single-layered structure and the adhesion omitted.
The method of Comparative Examples 13 and 14 was followed except that the core was formed from NBR and the cover from CR and that the vulcanization was carried out at 150° C.
The materials used for hose formation were extruded into a tubular shape of 11 mm in inside diameter and of 1 mm in thickness, thereby preparing test specimens. A Cl-IIR specimen was vulcanized at 160° C. for one hour after extrusion and NBR and CR specimens at 150° C. for one hour.
The physical properties of the specimens were examined as in Inventive Examples 13 to 30.
This quality depends widely upon the thickness of a core inner wall. The N6-ACM alloy useful in Inventive Examples 31 to 47 is more flexible than the N6-N11-PO blend in Inventive Examples 13 to 30. In the case of use of that alloy, the inner wall may be as thick as 2.0 mm with acceptable flexibility. The inner wall thickness is preferably smaller than 1.5 min.
2. Gas Impermeability
To attain sufficient impermeation to gas, an inner wall of the core may have a thickness of greater than 0.1 mm, preferably above 0.2 mm, for use in CFC 12 and of greater than 0.05 mm, preferably above 0.1 mm, for HFC 134a transport.
3. Moisture Proofness
The inventive hoses are all of a moisture-proof structure.
4. Air Tightness
The evaluation of Inventive Examples 13 to 30 applies to the hoses of Inventive Examples 31 to 47.
As appears from the test data, the use of a core inner wall of 0.05 to 2.0 mm in thickness as in the invention renders the resultant hose highly satisfactory in respect of all the test qualities. The thickness of the inner wall is made convenient at above 0.05 mm when scarring on that wall is taken in view.
The hose of Comparative Example 10 is assembled with a core formed from an N6-N11-PO blend and a cover from an ETFE resin known to be relatively impervious to gas and to moisture. This comparative hose is producible without vulcanization and acceptable in gas impermeability and moisture proofness. The ETFE resin, however, is too hard to be adequate in flexibility. Moreover, it tends to soften at elevated temperature and hence fails to retain its physical properties, resulting in air leakage.
In Comparative Examples 11 and 12 the hoses each have a core inner wall of an N6-N11-PO resin, a core outer wall of a Cl-IIR rubber and a cover of a Cl-IIR rubber. Though sufficient in regard to all the test qualities, these hoses are producible only in an uneconomical manner. A mandrel needs to be used in processing the inner wall which is made necessarily relatively small in thickness.
The hoses of Comparative Examples 13 and 14 have a single-layered core of an N6-N11-PO resin and a cover of a Cl-IIR rubber. They reveal air leak as the core has too small a thickness, and moreover such resin has poor retention of its physical properties at high temperature.
Comparative Example 15 shows a conventional hose having an NBR core and a CR cover. This hose is objectionably gas-permeable.
Listed below are the resinous and rubbery materials shown in Tables 1 to 6.
1) graft polymer alloy of polyamide and acrylic rubber (ETP 65, DuPont)
2) thermoplastic elastomer (Trefsin 101-80, Exxon)
3) thermoplastic elastomer (Trefsin 165-70A, Exxon)
4) copolymer of ethylene and tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE)
5) blend of nylon 6, nylon 11 and polyolefin (maleic acid-modified EPDM) (58.2-14.5-27.3)
6) chlorinated butyl rubber composition
______________________________________Cl-IIR (Chlorobutyl 1066, Exxon) 100 phrcarbon black (No. 50, Asahi Carbon) 80stearic acid 2antioxidant (Antage OD, Kawaguchi 2Chemical)softener (Machine Oil 22, Fuji Kosan) 5magnesium oxide 1zinc oxide 5accelerator TS (Sunceller MSPO, 2Sanshin Chemical)______________________________________
7) acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber composition
______________________________________NBR (Nipol DN 005, Nippon Zeon) 100 phrcarbon black (No. 50, Asahi Carbon) 80zinc oxide 5stearic acid 1antioxidant (Antage OD, Kawaguchi 1Chemical)plasticizer (DOP, Chisso Petrochemical) 10sulfur 2accelerator TS (Sunceller MSPO, 1Sanshin Chemical)______________________________________
8) chloroprene rubber composition
______________________________________CR (Neoprene W, Showa Neoprene) 100 phrstearic acid 1magnesium oxide 4antioxidant (Antage OD, Kawaguchi 2Chemical)carbon black (No. 50, Asahi Carbon) 60softener (Fuccol 1150N, Fuji Kosan) 10zinc oxide 5accelerator TS (Sunceller MSPO, 0.75Sanshin Chemical)______________________________________
9) thermoplastic elastomer (Diolast 701-80, Monsanto)
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Inventive ExamplesStructure/Performance 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM thickness (mm) 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 outer wall -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- thickness (mm) -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 2) 2) 2) 2) 3) 3) 3) EPDM/ EPDM/ EPDM/ EPDM/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ PP PP PP PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →mandrel ← not used → hose performanceflexibility (kfg) 1.95 1.82 1.70 1.43 1.91 1.76 1.61 1.38gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CF 12 0.43 0.98 2.08 4.80 0.39 0.92 2.00 4.71HFC 134a 0.26 0.62 0.31 2.91 0.23 0.59 1.24 2.81moisture permeation 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.17(mgf/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →__________________________________________________________________________Structure/ Inventive Examples Comparative ExamplesPerformance 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 5) 5) 5) 5) -- N6/ N6/ N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ N6/ N6/ N6/ N6/ ACM ACM ACM N11/PO N11/PO N11/PO N11/PO thickness 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.35 0.5 1.0 -- (mm) outer wall -- -- -- -- -- Cl-IIR6) Cl-IIR6) -- -- NBR7) thickness -- -- -- -- -- 1.8 1.65 -- -- 2.0 (mm)reinforcement ← rayon → ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 2) 2) 3) 3) 4) 6) 6) 6) 6) 8) EPDM/ EPDM/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ ETFE Cl-IIR Cl-IIR Cl-IIR Cl-IIR CR PP PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected → ← effected →mandrel ← not used → ← used →hose performanceflexibility (kfg) 1.73 1.69 1.89 1.74 4.12 1.57 1.74 1.82 2.10 1.90gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 2.06 2.13 2.00 2.08 1.80 2.60 2.43 1.94 0.76 22HFC 134a 1.32 1.35 1.23 1.29 1.95 2.35 2.12 1.74 0.68 35moisture permeation 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.60(mgf/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked → leaked ← not leaked → ← leaked notdarw. leaked__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ core coverMaterial 1) 5) 7) 2) Cl-IIR/ 4) 6) 8)Property N6/ACM N6/N11/PO NBR EPDM/PP EPDM/PP ETFE Cl-IIR CR__________________________________________________________________________ tensile elasticity 1600 3850 -- -- -- 5200 -- -- (kgf/cm2) retention of 38 19 -- -- -- 14 -- -- tensile elasticity at 120° C. (%) M50 (kgf/cm2) -- -- 62 57 26 -- 18 25 retention Of M50 -- -- 43 37 31 -- 30 30 (%)gas permeation(gf mm/24 hr cm2)CFC 12 7.0 × 10-4 2.6 × 10-4 2.4 × 10-3 0.632 0.657 3.8 × 10-4 0.160 0.110HFC 134a 4.3 × 10-4 2.4 × 10-4 5.1 × 10.sup. -2 0.103 0.034 4.8 × 10-4 0.013 0.025moisture permea- 9.9 × 10-3 10.3 × 10-3 12.3 × 10-3 5.12 × 10-3 2.27 × 10-3 3.1 × 10-3 1.56 × 10-3 10.75 × 10-3tion (gf mm/24 hrcm2)vulcanization not ← effected → ← not effected → ← effected → effected__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ Inventive ExamplesStructure/Performance 13 14 15 16 17 18 19__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO thickness (mm) 0.1 0.2 0.35 0.5 0.8 0.1 0.2 outer wall 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 2) 2) thickness (mm) N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 1.9 1.8 1.65 1.5 1.0 1.9 1.8reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →hose performanceflexibility (kgf) 1.52 1.63 1.81 1.93 2.00 1.44 1.53gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 3.70 2.84 2.21 1.74 0.61 3.91 2.95HFC 134a 3.33 2.59 1.96 1.51 0.50 3.52 2.64moisture permeation 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.09 0.11(mgf/c m2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →ozone resistance (hr) >168 >168 >168 >168 >168 >168 >168__________________________________________________________________________ Inventive ExamplesStructure/Performance 20 21 22 23 24 25 26__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO thickness (mm) 0.35 0.5 1.0 0.2 0.5 1.5 0.2 outer wall 2) 2) 2) 3) 3) 3) 9) EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ NBR/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP thickness (mm) 1.65 1.5 1.0 1.8 1.5 0.5 1.8reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →hose performanceflexibility (kgf) 1.72 1.83 1.96 1.43 1.74 1.99 1.48gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 2.36 1.90 0.82 3.54 2.08 0.61 2.09HFC 134a 2.13 1.74 0.75 2.54 1.56 0.55 2.51moisture permeation 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.08 0.11 0.17 0.11(mfg/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →ozone resistance (hr) >168 >168 >168 >168 >168 >168 >168__________________________________________________________________________ Inventive Examples Comparative ExamplesStructure/Performance 27 28 29 30 7 8 9__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) 5) N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO thickness (mm) 0.5 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 outer wall 9) 2) 3) 9) 2) 3) 9) NBR/PP EPDM/PP Cl-IIR/ NBR/PP EPDM/PP Cl-IIR/ NBR/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP thickness (mm) 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 3) 2) 2) 2) 9) 9) 9) Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP NBR/PP NBR/PP NBR/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →hose performanceflexibility (kgf) 1.79 1.66 1.54 1.64 1.58 1.52 1.56gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 1.78 2.95 3.52 2.91 2.91 3.49 1.97HFC 134a 1.53 2.62 2.56 2.63 2.66 2.58 2.67moisture permeation 0.17 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.58(mfg/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →ozone resistance (hr) >168 >168 >168 >168 144 144 144__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ core outer wall/cover core inner wall core outer wall 3)Material 5) 1) Cl-IIR/ 2) 9)Property N6/N11/PO N6/ACM EPDM/PP EPDM/PP NBR/PP__________________________________________________________________________tensile elasticity 3850 1600 -- -- --(kgf/cm2)retention of 19 38 -- -- --tensile elasticityat 120° C. (%)M50 (kgf/cm2) -- -- 26 57 38retention of M50 (%) -- -- 31 37 31gas permeation(gf mm/24 hr cm2)CFC 12 2.6 × 10-4 7.0 × 10-4 0.657 0.632 0.341HFC 134a 2.4 × 10-4 4.3 × 10-4 0.034 0.103 0.163moisture permeation 9.9 × 10-3 9.9 × 10-3 2.27 × 10-3 5.12 × 10-3 18.4 × 10-3(gf mm/24 hr cm2)Vulcanization ← not effected →__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________ Inventive ExamplesStructure/Performance 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM thickness (mm) 0.2 0.35 0.5 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.35 0.5 outer wall 2) 2) 2) 2) 2) 3) 3) 3) EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP thickness (mm) 1.8 1.65 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.8 1.65 1.5reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 3) 3) 3 3) 3) 3) 3) 3) Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/P EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →hose performanceflexibility (kgf) 1.51 1.59 1.67 1.87 2.00 1.40 1.49 1.57gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 4.35 3.61 3.01 1.58 0.91 4.50 3.79 3.24HFC 134a 2.64 2.19 1.81 0.96 0.55 2.44 2.01 1.64moisture permeation 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.19 0.07 0.11 0.11(mfg/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →__________________________________________________________________________Structure/ Inventive ExamplesPerformance 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) 1) N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM N6/ACM thickness 1.0 1.5 0.2 0.5 1.0 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 (mm) outer wall 3) 3) 9) 9) 9) 9) 3) 3) 9) Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ NRR/PP NRR/PP NRR/PP NRR/PP EPDM/PP Cl-IIR/ NRR/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP thickness 1.0 0.5 1.8 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 (mm)reinforcement ← polyester →cover/ 3) 3) 3 3) 3) 3) 2) 2) 2)thickness (mm) Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ Cl-IIR/ EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/P EPDM/PP EPDM/PP EPDM/PP 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization ← not effected →hose performanceflexibility (kgf) 1.77 1.90 1.44 1.62 1.77 1.93 1.90 1.88 1.80gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 1.76 1.16 4.01 2.70 1.38 0.78 1.53 4.37 4.09HFC 134a 0.78 0.42 2.75 1.98 1.10 0.72 1.01 0.84 2.82moisture permea- 0.17 0.19 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.20 0.17 0.13 0.19tion (mfg/cm2 /day)air tightness ← not leaked →__________________________________________________________________________ Comparative ExamplesStructure/Performance 10 11 12 13 14 15__________________________________________________________________________hose structurecore inner wall 1) 5) 5) 5) 5) -- N6/ACM N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO N6/N11/PO thickness (mm) 1.0 0.2 0.35 0.5 1.0 -- outer wall -- 6) 6) -- -- 7) Cl-IIR Cl-IIR NBR thickness (mm) -- 1.8 1.65 -- -- 2.0reinforcement ← polyester →cover/thickness (mm) 4) 6) 6) 6) 6) 8) ETFE Cl-IIR Cl-IIR Cl-IIR Cl-IIR CR 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0vulcanization not ← effected → effectedhose performanceflexibility (kgf) 4.12 1.57 1.74 1.82 2.10 1.90gas permeation(gf/m/72 hr)CFC 12 1.80 2.60 2.43 1.94 0.76 22HFC 134a 1.95 2.35 2.12 1.74 0.68 35moisture permeation 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.60(mfg/cm2 /day)air tightness leaked ← not leaked → ← leaked → not__________________________________________________________________________ leaked
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________ core inner core inner core outer wall/cover wall/core wall 3) cover core coverMaterial N6/ 5) 1) Cl-IIR/ 2) 9) 4) 6) 7) 8)Property N11/PC N6/ACM EPDM/PP EPDM/PP NBR/PP ETFT Cl-IIR NBR CR__________________________________________________________________________tensile elasticity 3850 1600 -- -- -- 5200 -- -- --(kgf/cm2)retention of 19 38 -- -- -- 14 -- -- --tensile elasticityat 120° C. (%)M50 (kgf/cm2) -- -- 26 57 38 -- 18 62 25retention of M50 -- -- 31 37 31 -- 30 43 30(%)gas permeation(gf mm/24 hr cm2)CFC 12 2.6 × 10-4 7.0 × 10-4 0.657 0.632 0.341 3.8 × 10-4 0.160 2.4 × 10-3 0.110HFC 134a 2.4 × 10-4 4.3 × 10-4 0.034 0.103 0.163 4.8 × 10-4 0.013 5.1 × 10-2 0.025moisture permeation 10.3 × 9.9 × 10-3 2.27 × 5.12 × 18.4 × 3.1 × 10-3 1.56 × 12.3 10.75 ×(gf mm/24 hr cm2) 10-3 10-3 10-2 10-3 10-3 10-3 10-3vulcanization ← not effected → ← effected__________________________________________________________________________ →
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|EP0881419A1 *||19 Feb 1997||2 Dec 1998||Kabushiki Kaisha Meiji Gomu Kasei||Refrigerant conveying hose|
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|EP1010929A1 *||9 Dec 1999||21 Jun 2000||Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd.||Hose for a refrigerant for an electrically driven compressor|
|EP1059479A1 *||21 Dec 1999||13 Dec 2000||Ishii, Toshinori||Hose|
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|EP1229284A1 *||31 Jan 2002||7 Aug 2002||Tokai Rubber Industries, Ltd.||Vibration absorbing hose|
|EP1266749A1 *||21 May 2002||18 Dec 2002||THE GOODYEAR TIRE & RUBBER COMPANY||Refrigerant hose|
|WO2000040884A1 *||21 Dec 1999||13 Jul 2000||Mitsubishi Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha||Hose|
|WO2001042005A1 *||30 Nov 2000||14 Jun 2001||Nobel Plastiques||Channel for an automobile fluid|
|WO2004026571A1 *||11 Sep 2003||1 Apr 2004||Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation||Compounded nylon 6, nylon 12 material for air brake systems|
|WO2004046599A1 *||11 Sep 2003||3 Jun 2004||Saint-Gobain Performance Plastics Corporation||Hose comprising modified nylon 6,12 material|
|WO2006129165A1 *||30 May 2006||7 Dec 2006||Errecinque S.R.L.||Multilayer hose for conveying a refrigerating fluid|
|U.S. Classification||428/36.2, 428/458, 428/522, 138/127, 138/143, 428/35.3, 428/36.8, 138/126, 428/36.91, 428/475.2, 428/483, 428/474.9, 428/465, 428/461, 428/494, 428/35.8|
|International Classification||F16L11/12, B32B27/08|
|Cooperative Classification||Y10T428/31732, Y10T428/31681, Y10T428/31707, Y10T428/31935, Y10T428/31797, Y10T428/31736, Y10T428/31692, Y10T428/31833, B32B27/08, Y10T428/1366, F16L2011/047, Y10T428/1386, F16L11/12, Y10T428/1393, Y10T428/1338, Y10T428/1355|
|European Classification||F16L11/12, B32B27/08|
|27 Apr 1998||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|28 May 2002||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|8 Nov 2002||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|7 Jan 2003||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 20021108 | <urn:uuid:852e069e-6426-42db-92c1-4987282beb5e> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5362530 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00230-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.840875 | 19,188 | 1.570313 | 2 |
KIEV, Ukraine (Aug. 23)
Jewish leaders in Ukraine are protesting what they consider authorities’ inadequate response to a recent spate of anti-Semitic propaganda. Ukrainian nationalists recently asked President Viktor Yuschenko to open criminal proceedings against “Judeo-Nazis” in Ukraine, singling out Chabad rabbis and the main work of Chabad literature, the Tanya.
In an open letter to Yuschenko, members of the Ukrainian Conservative Party and several extremist editors demanded that Jews be prevented from teaching the Tanya in Jewish schools and synagogues to stop the spread of “this misanthropic religious system.”
In a separate appeal, one of many that appeared in the media during the last few weeks, Ukrainians were urged not to buy food products that carry kosher certification.
“Every conscientious Ukrainian should once and for all give up using all foodstuffs containing kosher symbols,” read the appeal, published in a Kiev newspaper.
A number of leading Ukrainian brands of beer, soft drinks, vodka and candy — some of which are sold abroad as well — have obtained kosher certification in recent years.
The appeals, which come as Ukraine begins looking forward to parliamentary elections in spring 2006, is throwing the spotlight on the controversial activities of what is believed to be Ukraine’s largest private university.
MAUP, an acronym for the Interregional Academy of Personnel Management, has gained a reputation as the largest anti-Semitic publishing house in the country.
Some 70 percent of all anti-Semitic publications that appear in Ukraine are produced by MAUP and its affiliates, according to Josef Zissels, leader of the Ukrainian Va’ad, the oldest secular Jewish umbrella group in the country.
“These are mostly publications of one organization, and other Ukrainian media don’t get involved” lately in anti-Semitic propaganda, Zissels said.
Among other things, MAUP recently published a blacklist of media and organizations distributing or supporting “Jewish racism, Judeo-Nazism and Jewish organized crime in Ukraine.”
Early this summer, MAUP hosted an anti-Semitic conference titled “Zionism as the Greatest Threat to Contemporary Civilization” co-chaired by U.S. white supremacist David Duke.
A series of anti-Semitic articles was published in recent weeks by Personnel Plus, a MAUP newspaper sold in Kiev that has a sizeable circulation. The owner and president of MAUP, Georgiy Schokin, also co-founded a new political party, the Ukrainian Conservative Party, that will campaign in next year’s parliamentary election.
Most observers agree that the recent wave of anti-Semitic propaganda has to do with the elections. But not all Jewish leaders are convinced.
“This is part of the long-term activity of anti-Semitic groups in Ukraine,” Eduard Dolinsky, executive director of the United Jewish Community of Ukraine umbrella organization, told JTA.
Jewish leaders expect authorities to respond strongly.
These groups “must be taken to court for the incitement of ethnic hatred,” Dolinsky said. “So far Ukrainian authorities have been doing nothing to stop it.”
Yuschenko has made a number of public statements condemning anti-Semitism since his inauguration in January, but Jewish leaders say authorities must do more to combat anti-Semitism in the media.
“During their visits abroad and in meetings with Jewish delegations in Ukraine, top Ukrainian officials always speak of their opposition to xenophobia and anti-Semitism,” said Mikhail Frenkel, a veteran Jewish journalist in Kiev and head of the Association of Jewish Media in Ukraine. “However, anti-Semitic conferences,
articles and petitions in MAUP’s publications continue to spread, and remain a big concern.”
In response, Ukrainian Prime Minister Yulia Timoshenko promised to personally protect the interests of ethnic minorities. In a July 30 Cabinet meeting, Timoshenko said she was ready to address the issue since other leading politicians have been unable to do so.
“If there is no political power which protects ethnic minorities, I personally, and those people who are united around Fatherland, will do it,” Timoshenko said referring to her political party.
Jewish leaders aren’t impressed. They say Timoshenko should long ago have expelled an anti-Semitic politician from Fatherland: Lawmaker Levko Lukyanenko was among participants in a anti-Zionist conference organized by MAUP. Lukyanenko was never rebuked by Timoshenko or the party.
But a Jewish member of Timoshenko’s bloc said he had confidence in her.
“Her words will be supported by action,” Alexander Feldman, a lawmaker and president of the Jewish Foundation of Ukraine, said in a recent interview.
He said he hoped a state-organized roundtable on protecting ethnic minorities, scheduled for late August, might help ease tensions in society.
For Jewish leaders, the anti-Semitic wave is likely to be a test for the country’s new leadership, which swept to power on the wave of public protests last year against a rigged presidential vote.
“Viktor Yuschenko is not an anti-Semite, but he is probably too tolerant to people who are,” Rabbi Ya’akov Dov Bleich, the chief rabbi of Kiev and Ukraine, told JTA earlier this year.
Another leading Jewish authority said anti-Semitic propaganda, as well as a few physical incidents, may result from the initial stage of democratization in Ukraine triggered by last year’s popular protests.
“The anti-Semitic outbursts are a post-revolutionary scum,” said Rabbi Moshe Azman, Kiev’s chief rabbi. | <urn:uuid:05858f21-255d-40e4-b5ec-30339677f020> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.jta.org/2005/08/25/archive/across-the-former-soviet-union-ukrainian-jewish-officials-want-legal-crackdown-on-anti-semitism | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719041.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00168-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953459 | 1,194 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Cosmopolitan Hotel rededicated with parade and speeches
By Donald H. Harrison
SAN DIEGO – The Cosmopolitan Hotel with 10 boutique hotel rooms in Old Town San Diego Historic State Park was rededicated on Saturday with cannon fire, a parade including a present day Marine color guard, historic Buffalo Soldiers re-enactors, costumed Old Town docents, and representatives of various faith groups that were present during Old Town San Diego’s 19th century heyday.
The historic hotel combined the ground floor adobe home built in San Diego’s Mexican period by Don Juan Bandini, an immigrant from Peru, and an upstairs wooden hotel structure built on top of the adobe home by Alfred M. Seeley, an American entrepreneur who operated stables and a stage coach line between San Diego and Los Angeles.
Speeches by faith group members were coordinated by Navy Chaplain David Hart, who had representatives of the Roman Catholic, Episcopal, Mormon and Jewish faiths on hand to tell about their groups’ historic experiences in Old Town.
Because it was Shabbat, rabbis were unavailable to participate in the ceremony, resulting in organizers turning to me as a lay member of the Jewish community familiar with Old Town history. Timothy Evans, the Mormon elder who directs the Mormon Battalion Visitors Center adjacent to the Old Town park provided historic garb for the presenters in keeping with the occasion. My 9-year-old grandson, Shor, who recently completed 3rd grade at Soille San Diego Hebrew Day School, served as this publication’s photographer for the parade and oratory.
Following is the text of my comments about the Jewish community of Old Town San Diego:
In re-dedicating the Cosmopolitan Hotel, we are bringing back into public service a meeting place for the people of various cultural backgrounds who lived and visited in San Diego during the 19th century. Among such peoples were my own ethno-religious group, the Jews, whom I am proud to represent at these ceremonies.
The first Jew to settle in San Diego was the merchant Louis Rose, who came in 1850. He had many businesses but his first was a small hotel and saloon located on Juan Street in what is now the Fiesta de Reyes. It was one of the first places travelers on horseback would notice coming from Los Angeles. Other Jews followed throughout the early period of American rule in San Diego, among them the Mannasse Brothers – Joseph and Hyman—and their cousin Moses Mannasse. Like Rose they also were merchants. They had immigrated to California from Prussia.
Joe Mannasse and his partner Marcus Schiller also built their business on Juan Street, but you could enter their store from the small street that parallels the Plaza and Juan Street – a street which in its day was called Avenida de Judios – the Avenue of the Jews—in recognition of the fact that Louis Rose, Joseph Mannasse, Marcus Schiller, and other Jewish merchants had a concentration of their businesses there. Today this alleyway connects the Cosmopolitan Hotel with the main part of the Fiesta de Reyes. It would be fitting someday for that name of street to be commemorated.
At one time or another, Rose, Mannasse and Schiller all served on the City Board of Trustees – and in those days, city trustees simultaneously served as members of the County Board of Supervisors. Rose, for whom Rose Canyon, Roseville and the Robinson-Rose House – across the plaza – were all named, served on the very first County Board of Supervisors in 1853. Joseph Mannasse served on the city board of trustees that voted in 1867 to hold the auction at which Alonzo Horton bought the land that he turned into downtown San Diego. And Marcus Schiller later in 1867 was on the board that voted to set aside some 1,400 acres of parkland for what became Balboa Park.
Moses Mannasse operated a store in the Robinson Rose building. Hyman Mannasse had his general store in a portion of this very building that we re-dedicate. His partner was a Los Angeles businessman named Jacob Elias , who was a leader of the Jewish community in that city.
You’d think that inasmuch as they were all related, the Mannasses would have worked together – but you might say that Hyman and Joseph had a bad case of sibling rivalry.
Some of the goods that Hyman sold at this store were the same kinds of goods as Joseph sold at his store. Almost invariably, Hyman sold his goods more cheaply than Joseph – he apparently took delight in undercutting his brother. For example, when Joseph sold calico at 25 cents a yard, Hyman sold it at 20 cents. Joseph sold cravats for $3, Hyman sold them for $1. One of the few items on which they agreed was the Spanish shawl known as a rebozo. They both sold rebozos for $4.
How could Hyman sell items so much cheaply than Joseph? There are several theories in the absence of real facts. It is possible that Jacob Elias was able to purchase goods for the Los Angeles and San Diego markets, perhaps earning a volume discount. Another possibility was that Joseph was selling higher quality merchandise than Hyman; that Hyman was selling “seconds” or used materials. Or it’s possible that Hyman was so determined to outsell his brother, that he was willing to take a loss.
The two brothers both fell in love with the same woman. Hyman was the first to win the heart of Hannah Schiller – who was the sister of Joseph Mannasse’s partner, Marcus Schiller – but he didn’t stay married to her long. He went off to Arizona on a cattle run, leaving Hannah dependent upon her brother and upon Joe Mannasse. After she divorced Hyman, Hannah married Joseph.
We know that Hyman eventually started a business in Arizona, taking as a partner for a brief while a member of Arizona’s famous Goldwater family. In 1875, Hyman’s life came to an end when he was gunned down in his store in Wickenburg during the course of a hold up. Apparently Hyman and Joseph never had the chance to reconcile before the homicide.
As for cousin Moses, he eventually moved to the San Pasqual area – near today’s Wild Animal Park—and started up a business there.
For merchants, San Diego was something of an economic outpost. Typically they had to purchase their goods on credit from wholesalers in San Francisco, and then, because money was scarce, extend credit to the ranchers and townspeople who came into their stores to buy not only cloth and clothing, but such other items as chocolate, cinnamon, clothesline, combs, corn, corn meal, marbles, mugs, onions, cigar paper, pen holders, scissors, shoes, soap, sugar, syrup, tobacco, tooth brushes, window sashes and yeast powder.
Currency was very scarce in California, and often the merchants had to accept payment in cattle, or in crops, and then try to figure out a way to resell such goods. Joseph Mannasse received so much cattle in payment for his goods, that he decided he needed a ranch to keep them all. He and Marcus Schiller ended up purchasing Rancho Encinitas.
During this time, Jews typically held prayer services in each other’s homes, or in buildings like the Cosmopolitan Hotel, or the Franklin Hotel, or the Robinson-Rose House. They gave their informal congregation the Hebrew name of Adat Yeshurun – which means “the gathering of the faithful”—and continued on that basis until 1889 when they inaugurated the first synagogue – which was given the Hebrew name, Beth Israel, meaning the house of Israel. Joe Mannasse’s longtime business partner, Marcus Schiller, was Beth Israel’s founding president.
Although the temple’s first home was at Second and Beech Street in the downtown area, today you can see the temple in Heritage Park, where it was relocated as part of a campaign to Save Our Heritage.
It’s an honor to be with you today and to tell you a little bit about the Jewish history of our city. Thank you.
Harrison is editor of San Diego Jewish World . Shor Masori will be a fourth-grade student in September. | <urn:uuid:b7708256-94dc-4c7d-b75b-4faa81c23587> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://sdjewishworld.wordpress.com/2010/07/11/cosmopolitan-hotel-rededicated-with-parade-and-speeches/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.980998 | 1,733 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Abstract Acetylcholine (ACh) turnover rates were measured in fourteen brain regions of rats intravenously self-administering morphine and in yoked-morphine and yoked-vehicle infused littermates to identify cholinergic neuronal pathways potentially involved in opiate reinforcement processes. Rats receiving chronic passive administration of morphine had increased ACh turnover rates in the frontal cortex and diagonal band and decreased rates in the medial septum. The significant changes in animals self-administering the drug were prominent in limbic regions with increases in the frontal cortex and decreases in the pyriform cortex, nucleus accumbens, amygdala and ventral tegmental area. Some components of opiate reinforcement may be mediated by increases in the activity of cholinergic ventral pallidal and diagonal band fibers innervating the frontal cortex and by decreases in activity of cholinergic fibers innervating the ventral tegmental area. These data and turnover rates for dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, aspartate, glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid previously determined in similarly treated animals are consistent with two neuronal circuits that may be involved in opiate seeking behaviors and opiate reinforcement processes. | <urn:uuid:2a983757-29cb-4b67-a5fc-1a19a4c08573> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/2ade8704df5418085ea55603fc523610 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720238.63/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00188-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91632 | 244 | 1.710938 | 2 |
GPG and PGP
dshaw at jabberwocky.com
Wed Mar 16 04:41:52 CET 2011
On Mar 15, 2011, at 11:28 PM, Ben McGinnes wrote:
> On 16/03/11 10:42 AM, David Shaw wrote:
>> GnuPG does the MDC by default whenever all the keys can handle it
>> (or if the chosen cipher is 256 bits)
> Is that 256 bits only or 256 bits and larger?
Strictly speaking, it's anything with a cipher blocksize that isn't 128 bits. In the case of OpenPGP, that means AES (any of them) or Twofish. GnuPG will flip on the MDC when it sees any of those ciphers in the preferences, or failing that, it does the blocksize test.
More information about the Gnupg-users | <urn:uuid:1d2d8301-7f58-4a7d-971c-053f58b35e0f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lists.gnupg.org/pipermail/gnupg-users/2011-March/041159.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.902584 | 203 | 2.203125 | 2 |
You know lightning when you see it, but did you know there are actually many different types of lightning?
Of course, all lightning is an electrical discharge caused by the charge imbalances between clouds and the ground, or cloud to cloud. When this imbalance strikes a tipping point, discharge of high voltage electricity during a short duration ensues.
Get to know the various types of lightning. Sheet lightning vs. forked lightning, cloud to air lightning, ribbon lightning, staccato lightning, cloud to cloud lightning, many types of lightning strikes exist, even cloudless lightning. Depending on numerous factors, including where the lightning originates, where it ends up, and what charge it carries, you can figure out how to identify several different types of lightning.
Touch the Ground for Good Luck
A common way to categorize types of lightning revolves around where the electrical charges are coming from, and where they are going.
At the beginning of cloud-to-ground (CTG) lightning situations, an invisible flow of weakly charged particles (referred to as a stepped leader) zigzag toward the earth in a forked pattern at an impressive speed of 200,000 mph. The stepped leader is essentially searching for the path of least resistance between the cloud and the ground before lightning strikes.
Branches of the CTG lightning are visible.
CTG lightning can be broken down into two primary types of lightning: positive and negative. A negative CTG (-CG) operates through a negatively charged stepped leader. It can be identified through its downward branching strike, which usually consists of multiple “return strokes”, or pulses of current that illuminate the channel again and again.
The -CG is attracted to a streamer, a tall positively charged object—often a tree or a pole. When these two connect, electric current flows toward the cloud at a rate of 60,000 mph. By doing this, the negative charge from the cloud is moved toward the ground in an attempt to create equilibrium.
Branches of the CTG lightning are visible. However, there are many other types of lightning that may not be.
The other group of CTG is positive (+CG). These are usually associated with supercell thunderstorms, as well as the flat rain clouds, or stratiform, that are behind a cold front squall.
Unlike -CG, this type of lightning can often be identified by a lack of branching. Some branching occurs at higher altitude, but for the most part, witnesses are aware of it as a single stroke of intense, bright lightning. It’s also possible to identify +CG by their loud, deep thunder.
The +CGs only account for about one in every 20 CTGs but are stronger and more destructive than -CGs.
+CGs can be identified from the lack of branching.
Consider the Look of Lightning
Though understanding negative and positive CTG is important for the scientist and meteorologist, it is also possible to categorize types of lightning by what you see as an interested observer. In this way, you can identify Staccato and Forked lightning, as well as a Bolt from the Blue.
Staccato lighting is CTG lightning comprising of a single, short-duration stroke, while Forked lightning splits and divides into two or more parts as it approaches the ground—sometimes looking like tree roots.
A “Bolt from the Blue” often travels a relatively large horizontal distance through clear skies from its source cloud. Then, it angles down and strikes the ground. This type of lightning typically comes from cumulonimbus clouds and can travel for miles into cloudless, blue skies before touching down. Hence, its name.
Additionally, when photographing lightning, you can capture Ribbon lightning, which is caused by strong winds blowing stepped leader channels for lighting sideways during the photo exposure.
A Bolt from the Blue can travel horizontally for miles before striking ground.
Lightning that Stays Inside the Cloud
Though CTG comprises the most iconic types of lightning, intracloud lightning is the most common type of lightning. In these cases, instead of electrical charges moving from a cloud to the ground, they simply bounce to a different part of the same cloud, moving to where there is a significant difference in charge.
It’s the same kind of situation that occurs when there are too many people on one side of a boat, and some need to move to the other side to help balance.
This type of lightning is also referred to as “sheet lightning” because it lights up the entire sky like a big, white sheet. However, intracloud should not be confused with cloud-to-cloud lightning.
The sky lights up when Sheet lightning strikes.
Lightning that Jumps From Cloud to Cloud
Cloud-to-cloud lightning is a rare type of lightning where an electrical charge imbalance exists between two or more separate storm clouds. Again, this should not be confused with intra-cloud lightning.
Lightning Into Thin Air
In the case of cloud-to-air lightning, a cloud discharges into the negatively-charged air around it but does not strike the ground or transfer the charge to another part of itself or another cloud. This lightning is often something you might also see when watching CTG lightning, though it can happen independently of CTG lightning strikes. Basically, all branches of CGT lightning that don’t touch the ground can be considered cloud-to-air lightning.
Lightning that Goes the Other Direction
Ground-to-cloud lightning, or upward moving lightning, is the opposite of CTG lightning. This type of lightning occurs when the discharge is initiated by an object on the ground, usually something tall, such as a skyscraper. Like CTG, it can carry a positive or negative charge.
Lightning in the Heat
Though often thought about as a distinct type of lightning, heat lightning is nothing more than one of the other types of lightning flashing very far away. In these cases, it is possible to see the lightning, but you don’t hear anything. You can’t hear anything because of how far away the storm is. Regardless of whether or not you can hear it, there is always thunder when there is lightning.
Heat lightning got its name because it often occurs during hot summer nights. It’s also a pretty good indicator that a storm is coming your way. Of course, no indicator is quite as accurate as a pocket-sized INO Weather Pro weather monitor, which gives you the capability of detecting lightning up to 40 miles away.
Though you might not hear the thunder when you see heat lightning, it’s definitely there.
Who Knows Sprites and Jets?
Large thunderstorms are capable of producing rare phenomena known as transient luminous events (TLEs). Though TLEs are not well understood by scientists, they have identified two types: red sprites and blue jets.
Sprites appear as vertical red columns above a cloud. They are fairly weak flashes of light that cannot be seen by the human eye. Blue jets, however, can be seen with the naked eye. Though they come from the top of a thunder cloud, there are records of pilots witnessing these strange TLEs.
Knowing The Various Types of Lightning
Though several types of lightning are not actually dangerous to people, it is important to be aware of all types of lightning and take precautions. For example, when witnessing CTG lightning, it is especially important to remain in a safe place.
It turns out that the average American has a one in 5,000 chance of being struck by lightning, while more than 2,000 people each year are killed by lightning. Though a few hundred survive being struck by lightning and are able to tell us what it feels like to be hit by lightning, it’s best to exercise caution and educate yourself about these power surges of electricity. | <urn:uuid:15b3daf6-9a15-4550-8af7-b997c1c70ccb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://inotechnologies.com/get-know-various-types-lightning/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.943091 | 1,622 | 3.734375 | 4 |
China News Service, June 28. According to Hong Kong Wenhui.com, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government Statistics Department announced on the 27th the statistics on wages and total wages in March. Calculated by the nominal wage index, the average wage rate in March 2022 is higher than that of the same period last year. rose 1.8%.
After deducting changes in consumer prices, the real average wage rate in March remained roughly unchanged from a year earlier.
A spokesman for the SAR Government said that the year-on-year increase in the average wage rate of all selected industries in March this year was the same as that in December 2021, and the real average wage rate after deducting inflation was almost unchanged year-on-year.
The spokesman added that the latest figures have not yet reflected the impact of the recent recovery of local economic activities as the local epidemic eases and social distancing measures are gradually relaxed. He also pointed out that as long as the epidemic remains under control, it is believed that local economic activities and thus the labor market conditions will remain in place for the rest of 2022. It should continue to improve, and various support measures introduced by the SAR Government will also play a supporting role.Keywords: | <urn:uuid:b9828d78-e8d9-46f9-9421-1e2efc014fcf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.tellerreport.com/news/2022-06-28-hong-kong--average-wage-rate-in-march-up-1-8--year-on-year.H1giPyO55.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.973099 | 252 | 1.703125 | 2 |
Pipelines Crossing Highways and Railroads by Tunnelingby Richard L. Postma, Freese and Nichols, Inc, Fort Worth, United States,
Abstract: When new pipeline construction requires the crossing of highways and railroads, a pipeline is generally installed in pipe or tunnel linear plate encasement which has been installed by bore-jack or tunnel methods under the highway or railroad right-of-way to avoid disruption of traffic and to avoid open-cut patches which often have settlement problems. Two projects are discussed which involved large diameter water transmission pipelines crossing highways and railroads: the installation of 121.9-centimeter (48 - inch) diameter tape-coated steel pipe in 167.6-centimeter (66-inch) diameter reinforced concrete pipe encasement in El Paso, Texas; and the installation of 152.4-centimeter (60-inch) diameter pretensioned concrete cylinder pipe in 243.8-centimeter (96-inch) diameter tunnel liner plate near San Angelo, Texas.
Subject Headings: Concrete cylinder pipes | Pipeline crossing | Steel pipes | Reinforced concrete | Highways and roads | Tunneling | Railroad grade crossings | Concrete pipes | Cables | Pipe sizes | North America | Texas | United States
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search | <urn:uuid:d4dd583c-8740-445a-8f81-f5dd3b6d6e30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0084317 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00365-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.89674 | 271 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Where the home-road split revealed a discrepancy in recorded shots, I then looked at the shooting percentage data to determine whether there was, in fact, a recording bias. I reasoned that if a discrepancy was due to bias, rather than randomness or other factors, there ought to a concomitant increase (in the case of undercounting) or decrease (in the case of overcounting) in the shooting percentage of both teams in games played in the arena in question.
Since that time, others, such as Sunny Mehta, Vic Ferrari, Chris Boersma and Tom Awad, have also examined the issue through work of their own, all of which I would recommend reading.
Two of the arenas that I suspected might be overcounting shots were Bank Atlantic Center in Sunrise, the home of the Panthers, as well as Continental Airlines Arena (and, perhaps, the Prudential Center as well) in New Jersey. While the data on shooting percentage suggested that shots were likely undercounted in New Jersey, the same was not true of Florida.
The purpose of this post is to take a somewhat more refined look at the topic so as to properly determine the existence of bias. While my initial post looked at overall shot totals and overall shooting percentage, it failed to consider the influence of specific game states, such as special teams play and the playing to the score effect. As both of these factors are known to influence shots on goal as well as shooting and save percentage, merely examining the data in aggregate can be more misleading than illuminating. In order to mitigate these concerns, the data below has been broken down according to game situation.
Firstly, the data for Florida. Presented below is a table comparing the number of shots taken by both teams in Florida road games versus Florida home games, broken down by game state and season. Shots that resulted in an empty net goal have been excluded. This essentially confirms what was already known -- that more shots are recorded in Sunrise than elsewhere. Interestingly, the putative bias appears to be confined to even strength, with no effect on special teams.
I've also prepared a similar table that compares the shooting percentage (again, for both teams) in Florida road and home games. As with the previous table, the percentages do not include empty net goals.
Looking at the data, it's difficult to argue for any sort of shot recording bias. The aggregate shooting percentage in Florida home games is identical to the aggregate shooting percentage in Florida road games. The same is essentially true at even strength with the score tied. If shots were, in fact, being overcounted, then one would expect to to observe a lower shooting percentage in Florida home games. But such is not the case.
In the comment thread of this post made by the Contrarian Goaltender, Vic Ferrari surmised that some of the apparent shot recording biases are not biases at all, and that some arenas really do consistently feature more or fewer shots than average, perhaps due to team style, strategy or some other like factor. I think that's probably the best explanation in this case. The Panthers, for whatever reason, seem to play a more exciting style of hockey at home, which serves to increase the shots on goal numbers while leaving the shooting percentage data unaffected. This is consistent with the shot discrepancy being restricted to even strength.
The data for New Jersey tells a different story. Unlike in Florida, New Jersey home games have featured a deficit of shots, rather than an excess.
More significantly, however, this deficit in shots has been accompanied by an increase in the shooting percentage in Devil home games. This implies that the deficit is due to recording bias, rather than some other factor.
Looking solely at even strength play, the shooting percentage in Devil road games from 2003-04 to 2008-09 has been nearly an entire percentage point lower than the shooting percentage in Devils home games during the same period. While the difference may not seem large, it is greater than what one would expect to observe through chance alone. I've included a separate table below that shows a range of expected shooting percentage values, expressed in the form of confidence intervals, for both EV play with the score tied as well as for EV play in general.
This table shows the range in values where one would expect the overall shooting percentage for New Jersey home games to be found, during the period under review (2003-04 to 2008-09), if it is assumed that:
- There is no shot recording bias
- The 'true' shooting percentage in Devils home games is equivalent to that observed in Devils road games.
One final comment: some will have noticed that more shots were recorded in New Jersey home games than road games for both 2007-08 and 2008-09. I take this to mean that the shot recording bias is likely no longer in existence. While it is true that the shooting percentage in Devils home games continues to be higher than in Devils road games, the difference is probably meaningless in the absence of an actual difference in recorded shots. Perhaps the switch to a different arena was accompanied by a change in shot recorders. | <urn:uuid:66e8d5b0-59db-4429-833a-543790548926> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://objectivenhl.blogspot.com/2009_12_01_archive.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.974183 | 1,041 | 1.554688 | 2 |
According to the regime, Iranian society is now suffering a second wave of the COVID-19 outbreak with the highest death rate yet.
Iran is reaching its second peak of this virus with thousands of daily infections and an increasing number of deaths.
This increase is due to the cover-up of the regime and the premature end of the national quarantine. The catastrophe is worse than it seems, and regime officials are admitting this fact. However, instead of taking new measures, regime officials are applying the “herd immunity” policy, and meanwhile blatantly blaming people for their “lack of cooperation” in terms of social distancing guidelines.
Mohammad Reza Shams Ardakani, adviser to the regime’s Minister of Health, told the official IRNA news agency, “The number of registered coronavirus cases is increasing. People should know that we will live with the coronavirus epidemic for the next one to two years. We in Iran acted faster than Europe in reopening our systems. We believed that the situation was normalizing while not … Each coronavirus test costs the government around 4 million riyals. I am sure that if the situation worsens, the quarantine restrictions will surely be reinstated, and this should happen.”
“The number of people seeking medical attention in health centers and hospitals has increased by 3.5 percent in the last 24 hours,” said Alireza Zali, head of the Tehran Coronavirus Task Force, for the old state television.
In a video conference with state news agencies, Dr. Ehsan Mostafavai, head of the Center for Research on New and Emerging Diseases at the Pasteur Institute in Iran, said, “According to our data and findings, about 15 million people in the country has been infected with the virus since the beginning of the epidemic.”
The MEK Iran, which has closely monitored the number of COVID-19 deaths since the start of the outbreak, announced Tuesday that more than 50,500 people have already lost their lives because of this virus.
Namaki, the regime’s Minister of Health explains that while the increasing number of deaths from coronavirus forces the regime to recognize some parts of the crisis, the regime’s internal struggles have increased.
The virus continues to spread throughout Iran, claiming more lives, regime officials, particularly its President Hassan Rouhani, blame the people.
“Unfortunately, some people think that this virus is a matter of if we all come together to defeat it in a couple of months, or stay home for 10 or 20 days, the dangerous period would end. This is not the case,” Rouhani said during a meeting of the National Coronavirus Task Force.
Despite the increasing number of infections and deaths, Rouhani insisted on resuming economic activities, keeping prisoners amid the rapid spread of COVID-19 in prisons, saying that the regime has “no second option.” This means that the mullahs will continue to send people to the coronavirus extermination camp.
As the MEK Iran news website further informs, blaming people while simultaneously forcing them to return to work, in addition to dismissing Jahanpour, are signs of the regime’s total fear of the consequences of its criminal policies, lack of transparency, the announcement of manipulated statistics, and non-action.
The regime fears the post-coronavirus situation and the restless Iranian society that needs a spark to explode.
From its earliest days, the Iranian regime’s approach to the COVID-19 outbreak shows that the regime has prioritized its economic needs and security over people’s lives and will continue to do so.
President-elect of the National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI), and MEK Iran’s leader, Mrs. Maryam Rajavi, announced that “This catastrophe and the big number of deaths could have been prevented. The death toll in Iran and even official figures could not be compared with the death toll in other countries in the Middle East.“ | <urn:uuid:2f9e2e65-edcf-436b-9c9d-9fdeb0857374> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stopfundamentalism.com/news/iran/iran-s-covid-19-outbreak-is-more-catastrophic-than-it-seems | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.955032 | 841 | 1.648438 | 2 |
In my first series of experiments applying open learning experience bingo to descriptions of actual learning experiences, I’ve started with experiences cataloged in the Open Pedagogy Notebook. This second bingo card is for the open learning assignment “Zines as Open Pedagogy” by Elvis Bakaitis. You can browse all the open learning bingo games I’ve collected to date.
The first thing I’m noticing with this second bingo session is how the bingo cards end up displaying a sort of “heat map” of openness. Compare the two I’ve done so far and you can start to see clusters around ingredients and dimensions of openness. I don’t want to get ahead of ourselves here, but if something like this bingo became a more common practice, one could start to find patterns in the openness of various learning experiences. I’m already imagining an overlay of bingo cards from multiple people for the same learning experience. The clusters of common and singular markings could be very interesting fodder for conversations about the openness of the experience.
I’m already trying to imagine a learning experience that would address every learning experience ingredient and dimension of openness, coloring in everything on a card. Such an experience might be impossible and monstrous, or it might be amazing.
One commonality you can see in this small sample is nothing is colored in for the places or goals ingredients. It could be that the reports of these learning experiences didn’t include information about their places and goals. It could be that my readings missed openings of places and goals in these experiences. It also could be that it might be fruitful to think about how the places and goals of these experiences could be opened.
Zines as Open Pedagogy
Let me try to explain why I marked up this bingo card as I did as a demonstration of how one can bingo openness. Before we start, I’d like to recognize that post from Elvis I played with is more of a general summary of how zine assignments are aligned with open education, with links to more specific examples that I didn’t have time to explore. I imagine many of those other examples have many dimensions of openness I didn’t see in this summary. Accordingly, I tried to strike a balance between being generous in identifying openness where it might have been just suggested (or even imagined by me), and being careful not to identify openness where it wasn’t clearly described in this specific post.
Clearly I saw a lot of openness in the materials within Elvis’s description of zine assignments, which makes sense given that zines are unique and compelling materials and I strongly agree with Elvis’s argument that zines are well-suited for open learning experiences. I’ll walk through each dimension of openness that I checked off for materials and try to explain why I included it.
Surface: Elvis discusses how zines as non-digital materials introduce other considerations to open learning experiences that are so often digital. I’m imagining that a zine open learning experience would necessarily surface how zines as materials are not only not digital, but decidedly analog, foregrounding their own materiality and construction, which is so much a part of zine practice. I would have checked off Reflect as well, but there was not clear evidence that the experiences called for participants to reflect on zines as materials, and how they might be different than other media.
Share: Elvis discusses how zines provide artifacts that participants can share, possibly in different ways than digital artifacts: perhaps more privately, perhaps more tangibly, perhaps with audiences who might not typically engage with something like a blog or social media post.
Create: Creating zines is clearly a part of these learning experiences. I would have checked off Develop too, but I didn’t see clear evidence that the experiences specifically called for reworking zines, maybe by going through drafts, or publishing series, etc.
Include: I checked off include because I see incorporating the non-traditional medium of zines into formal learning experiences as a kind of inclusiveness of materials, expanding the boundaries of what kinds of materials are the focus of a learning experience beyond traditional media and genres.
Connect: I checked off connect for a number of reasons: clearly zines can have an audience, impact, and lifespan beyond the context of the learning experience itself. But moreover, I see zines as highly intertextual — especially with their collage tradition — referencing and connecting out to not only other zines, but also other media.
Include: I checked off include for activities, because I see these zine experiences as necessarily bringing a new kind of activity not typically seen in formal learning environments: zine-making itself.
Connect: I see these zine experiences as engaging participants in activities that can have value beyond the context of the experience. I mean, what experience in life would not be improved by having a related zine? ?
Skills & Tools
Include: I checked off include for skills and tools, because I see zine-making as bringing skills and tools not typically seen in formal learning contexts (except in art classes), like X-acto knives, rubber cement, photography, cutting and pasting, collage, typography, print distribution, etc.
Include: I checked this off because of the specific point Elvis made that “there’s a strong overlap between the representation of queer, or otherwise marginalized authors, and this very welcoming, open format“. In short, zines open possibilities for marginalized people who might not otherwise find welcoming points of engagement with a learning experience.
Connect: I checked off connect for people as a sort of inverse of include: just as zines might provide pathways for engagement for diverse people within a learning experience, they might do the same for diverse people outside the experience. For example: I can imagine outside audiences that might connect with a zine, but might not be as interested in a formal academic paper that a more traditional assignment might produce.
Surface & Connect: I checked off surface and connect because I think any assignment that has people become active producers of materials that connect beyond the learning experience — like these zines assignments do — typically surfaces the roles of participants, shifting from learner to creator for something that has value outside the learning experience itself. With that thinking: learners within the experience become zine creators writ large, connecting a role within the experience to that role outside.
Create & Include: Here I was focused on Elvis’s point that the possibility of learners addressing highly personal topics in zines might call for teachers to create and/or include different forms of assessment that are sensitive to the diversity of learner experiences. Note that this dimension connects to the sharing of materials and how such sharing might need to be more private based on the sensitivity of the zines produced.
Share: I checked off recognition given that sharing zines could open up other forms of recognition beyond grades and academic credentials. For example, someone might get recognition for their zine from an individual reader outside the experience, or from some external entity that recognizing zines rather than academic work. This is an opening that might be present often for experiences where learners create and share materials/activities/tools/etc that connect externally.
Share: I checked this one off because Elvis clearly linked to multiple zine learning experiences that were shared. While I didn’t have time to explore those links, I can imagine that the experience designs shared also extended in other dimensions of openness. | <urn:uuid:cdf99b2e-ef88-420e-9d44-b2810b3e7053> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://xolotl.org/open-learning-bingo-zines-as-open-pedagogy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571210.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810191850-20220810221850-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.963675 | 1,576 | 1.820313 | 2 |
SDSS J212531.92–010745.9 : the first definite PG 1159 close binary system
Nagel, T., Schuh, S., Kusterer, D.-J., Stahn, T., Hügelmeyer, S. D., Dreizler, S., Gaensicke, B. T. (Boris T.) and Schreiber, Matthias R.. (2006) SDSS J212531.92–010745.9 : the first definite PG 1159 close binary system. Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol.448 (No.2). L25-L28. ISSN 0004-6361
WRAP_Gansicke_84_SDSS_J212531.92.pdf - Requires a PDF viewer such as GSview, Xpdf or Adobe Acrobat Reader
Official URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:200600009
Aims. The archival spectrum of SDSS J212531.92−010745.9 shows not only the typical signature of a PG 1159 star, but also indicates the presence of a companion. Our aim was the proof of the binary nature of this object and the determination of its orbital period.
Methods. We performed time-series photometry of SDSS J212531.92−010745.9. We observed the object during 10 nights, spread over one month, with the Tübingen 80 cm and the Göttingen 50 cm telescopes. We fitted the observed light curve with a sine and simulated the light curve of this system with the nightfall program. Furthermore, we compared the spectrum of SDSS J212531.92−010745.9 with
NLTE models, the results of which also constrain the light curve solution.
Results. An orbital period of 6.95616(33) h with an amplitude of 0.354(3) mag is derived from our observations. A pulsation period could not be detected. For the PG 1159 star we found, as preliminary results from comparison with our NLTE models, T eff ∼ 90 000 K, log g ∼ 7.60, and the abundance ratio C/He ∼ 0.05 by number fraction. For the companion we obtained with a mean radius of 0.4 ± 0.1 R, a mass of 0.4 ± 0.1 M, and a temperature of 8200 K on the irradiated side, good agreement between the observed light curve and the nightfall simulation, but we do not regard those values as final.
|Item Type:||Journal Article|
|Subjects:||Q Science > QB Astronomy|
|Divisions:||Faculty of Science > Physics|
|Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH):||Double stars, White dwarf stars, Asymptotic giant branch stars|
|Journal or Publication Title:||Astronomy & Astrophysics|
|Official Date:||March 2006|
|Access rights to Published version:||Open Access|
|Funder:||Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (Great Britain) (PPARC)|
Barman, T. S., Hauschildt, P. H., & Allard, F. 2004, ApJ, 614, 338
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Downloads per month over past year | <urn:uuid:a76fa00b-2b69-44bc-a609-456a8ad56e5d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3569/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00018-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.759078 | 727 | 1.75 | 2 |
- Companies are taking advantage of new technologies, which is triggering an organizational shift from the physical to the digital workplace.
- In the same way that design plays a key role in the physical workplace, building a digital workplace requires deep understanding and a strategic approach.
- These 6 key elements demonstrate what digital workplaces must have in order to enable people to do their best work.
Companies can no longer ignore the need to shift from the physical to the digital workplace. The explosion of digital and technological innovations have radically changed the way we work and our expectations about work.
As a recent ebook phrased it, “Even for businesses that have little to do with technology, tech is at the center and the forefront.”
TalentCulture recently put together the ebook “Digital Workplaces that Really Work”, which examines the key elements that digital workplaces must have in order to enable people to do their best work. Shifting our understanding of the workspace to encompass the digital realm requires not only the adoption of emerging technologies, but also a deep understanding of how people work today and will work in the future.
According to TalentCulture, “an effective digital workplace acts as a nervous system that offers a full spectrum of functions. It’s a way to empower today’s workplace — from organization to workforce and from clients to collaborating entities — to communicate and check in; to access, share, and research; to archive information; and to work with anyone, anywhere, on any screen, at any time. To get things done.”
The digital workplace needs to be agile, user-friendly, customizable, and scalable:
- Agile, because it needs to support the needs of workers as they arise.
- User-friendly because compatibility “is as much emotional as a financial or functional issue for most people”.
- Customizable because that’s what will encourage people to actually engage with the digital workplace.
- Scalable because the goal should be for the business to never stop growing.
Work begins and ends with people
Though tech is at the center and forefront, humans remain at the heart of work. Which is why companies should focus on building digital workplaces that provide a differentiated employee experience.
When building a digital workplace, companies need to take into consideration the fact that today’s workforce is more diverse than ever, and in ways it’s never been before. There are multiple generations at work together, workers are working from a variety of locations — the office, coworking spaces, home, hotels, coffee shops — there are different types of workers — full-time, freelancers, contractors — and companies are hiring talent from all across the globe.
With the above in mind, it’s important to create an experience that will engage employees, regardless of where they are working from. A well-designed digital workplace will enable teams to communicate, collaborate, and function at peak productivity, regardless of space and time.
These digital workplaces are created strategically, and companies need to first identify the gaps in their workforce before they start building a solution from scratch.
So, what are the factors that play a key role in building an effective digital workplace?
TalentCulture identified 6 vital pillars.
1. Knowledge and Work Product Management
Knowledge is today’s most valuable business currency. Because of this, the digital workplace should provide users with a secure library where they can access, share, and edit documents and information (from policies and procedures to employee handbooks and information on compliance).
This library should have the capability to “mirror departments, projects, teams, or divisions across an organization,” and make it easy for users to search and find the information they are looking for.
2. Communication and Community
An effective digital workplace is one that will enable workers to communicate through different platforms and methods.
“Employees should be able to connect across any platform with the same capabilities and functions — whether it’s during informal moments, across groups, or at formal meetings and conferences.”
These platforms should make it easy for workers to effectively communicate despite logistical, social, and cultural hurdles. This means that your choice of communication platforms should take into consideration factors such as time zones, languages, and the dynamics of those involved.
“Optimal communication is also about galvanizing community, and empowering “voices” within the organization to express themselves and share news via microblogs, forums, chats, groups, etc.”
The future of work is very much about collaboration. And while in the physical workplace it can be easy to collaborate, “in the digital space, collaboration needs to be carefully designed.”
The digital workplace should be easy to navigate and provide a seamless experience for all collaborators. Keep in mind that collaboration goes beyond file sharing; this element of the digital workplace should also incorporate virtual areas for workgroups and teams, provide access to necessary tools and resources, and make it easy for team members to manage tasks and projects.
4. Social engagement
This element is key to drive employee engagement and keep staff aligned with organizational goals. It’s also a key component to build and nurture company culture.
“When employees can share opinions and knowledge, offer comments, craft their own profile, and publish their own content, they act as influencers within their own sphere.”
More importantly, social engagement can provide organizations with valuable insights and feedback that can help the company implement ideas that will resonate with its talent pool. This is a huge advantage for companies as the war for talent is expected to intensify.
Security is one of the top barriers of technological adoption. For a digital workplace to deliver the desired results, companies need to implement powerful security features.
“Key security features include user authentication and identity assurance, data loss prevention and disaster recovery, sophisticated encryptions, and the ability to set rules on content and use. Further, employee data and privacy need to be fully protected.”
6. Support, Flexibility, and Growth
The digital workplace is not a destination, it will be an on-going journey as new technologies emerge and worker needs change.
While the digital workplace should be flexible, it should also be able to support and accommodate solutions that are already working well and delivering desired results. The digital workplace needs to be able “to integrate with existing applications, widgets, and processes, while having the ability to step in and offer a replacement function if necessary.
The digital workplace has the ability to centralize knowledge management, drive collaboration, boost productivity, optimize workflows, deliver a positive employee experience, engage employees, and retain top talent.
But in order for it to actually deliver on the above, the digital workplace must be crafted to a company’s specific needs. There is no one-size fits all for digital workplaces; companies that are able to identify what employees want and need to do their best work will be the ones that are able to build a digital workplace that is effective and supports company goals. | <urn:uuid:4a0f9bd5-cb32-47ad-807f-72a69c30bd27> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://allwork.space/2019/12/future-of-work-the-6-key-elements-of-an-effective-digital-workplace/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570651.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20220807150925-20220807180925-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.944352 | 1,456 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network
The Urban Climate Change Research Network’s Second Assessment Report on Climate Change in Cities (ARC3.2) is the second in a series of global, science-based reports to examine climate risk, adaptation, and mitigation efforts in cities. The book explicitly seeks to explore the implications of changing climatic conditions on critical urban physical and social infrastructure sectors and intersectoral concerns. The primary purpose of ARC3.2 is to inform the development and implementation of effective urban climate change policies, leveraging ongoing and planned investments for populations in cities of developing, emerging, and developed countries. This volume, like its predecessor, will be invaluable for a range of audiences involved with climate change and cities: mayors, city officials and policymakers; urban planners; policymakers charged with developing climate change mitigation and adaptation programs; and a broad spectrum of researchers and advanced students in the environmental sciences.
Valente, L; Setzer J. and Rei, F. (2018). Implementation of Sao Paulo’s Municipal Climate Change Law: Urban Transport and Mobility, in Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network, edited by Cynthia Rosenzweig, William D. Solecki, Patricia Romero-Lankao, Shagun Mehrotra, Shobhakar Dhakal, and Somayya Ali Ibrahim. Cambridge University Press. | <urn:uuid:a2fb9bf7-597a-44b5-97f0-74ba8f642260> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/publication/climate-change-and-cities-second-assessment-report-of-the-urban-climate-change-research-network/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.868669 | 288 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Engine Oil for Passenger Car
How do Total lubricants increase engine life?
Total Lubricants can increase the life of your engine and help you cut down on repairs. There are three main ways Total makes this happen:
- Engine Cleanliness
A dirty engine has reduced life with a tendency to fail earlier. Contaminants and particulate matter hinder the smooth running of an engine, causing wear and corrosion.
- Engine Wear Protection
Total Lubricants reduce engine wear by providing a steady film of lubricants between all of the moving parts. This cuts down engine wear as moving parts no longer abrade and wear each other down through friction. This reduced friction also helps keep the engine cool.
- Exhaust Aftertreatment System Protection
Total Lubricants are cleaner and produce less particulate pollution. This helps protect the exhaust’s aftertreatment System.
How do Total Lubricants Adapt to Extreme Temperatures?
Total Lubricants are formulated to resist extreme weather conditions.
- Control of Pumpability
In cold weather, engine lubricants can become more viscous. Inferior engine lubricants may become too thick to pump freely, preventing them from working effectively. Total Lubricants retain their low viscosity even in very cold weather.
- Control of Fluidity
In hot weather, engine lubricants can have an increased fluidity. Lower-quality lubricants may fail to provide protection for your engine as they lack sufficient viscosity to coat all the moving parts. Total Lubricants are formulated to retain an optimal level of viscosity even during the hottest of days. | <urn:uuid:2c68acd7-4e3c-4992-9da1-b7dd512e175c> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://totalsaudi.com/en/automotive-engine-oil/engine-oil-passenger-car | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.922986 | 328 | 2.5625 | 3 |
Interactive Whiteboard Solutions. The Mimio teACH. Introduction. What if we didn’t have to buy an interactive whiteboard to get an interactive whiteboard ? Click on the picture to read more. Watch the video clip to see the MIMIO TEACH in action.
Interactive Whiteboard Solutions
The Mimio teACH
Click on the MIMIO to answer the question
Master the fundamentals of your Mimio on your own, in minutes.
Click the picture to explore the training videos
Click on the picture to leave your response
DYMO/Mimio is pleased to offer the Jump Start Your Classroom into the Future of Learning Grant, a competitive grant open to all K-12 education entities within the United States and Canada from now until August 26, 2011.
Ten winning applicants will each be awarded the following MimioClassroom products:
1 MimioTeach interactive whiteboard
1 MimioView document camera
1 MimioPad wireless tablet
Get all the details about this grant opportunity >> | <urn:uuid:cda19aa2-dea3-418f-9626-bcde93561789> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.slideserve.com/ethel/the-mimio-teach | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00464-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.864726 | 213 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Would it make sense to integrate a CO2 sensor in the Mudita Bell? I know of a Swiss company that produces these sensors and they are for example used in schools now to give an indication when the air in a classroom should be refreshed, since the CO2 content also corresponds to the virus concentration in the room.
@thinkround The idea behind Mudita Bell is centered around simplifying our sleeping routine. I’m not very familiar with the sensitivity of those detectors, however, since CO2 monitors are used to monitor the air in a given room, wouldn’t that require you to move your Mudita Bell from room to room a you go about your day?
true, it would just measure the room the device is in.
@thinkround Having an air quality monitor IS an interesting idea, however, I’m not sure how practical it would be inside Mudita Bell. If air quality is important, then having a CO2 detector/purifier in every room would be more useful. I’ll definitely put it in the IDEAS list, but I’d love to hear what other potential users think of the idea as well.
Air quality sensors are quite widely available, but I can’t say that I feel the need for one at home: plenty of plants which do their job, and I know when I must get outdoors.
I’m not sure that such a device would be cost-effective for you, or prove worthwhile for us without complicating things, rather than simplifying!
@chrisnb I am definitely with you on this, but that’s just MY personal opinion. Also, I don’t think I would want to carry the Mudita Bell from room to room as I go about my day. But that’s just me | <urn:uuid:5bd7a5f2-a0b6-462a-a941-3fddb5ab6789> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://forum.mudita.com/t/co2-sensor-in-bell/1986 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.961213 | 374 | 1.773438 | 2 |
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