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Facing Societal Challenges
Osaka University is strongly committed to becoming a world-leading innovative university that contributes not only to research excellence but also to innovation for human welfare, sustainable development of society, and social transformation.
It is therefore important to utilize a diverse range of research styles, such as “Research for Academic Excellence”, “Research for Technical Innovation”, and “Research for Solving Social Issues”.
The Concept of “Facing Societal Challenges: The Value of Life” was developed to promote “Research for Solving Social Issues”.
To find truly meaningful solutions to societal issues, individuals and organizations with different backgrounds, values, and sets of skills and knowledge must be encouraged to combine their strengths, share an understanding of the issues, and work in a co-creative manner. In this Concept, we present “Life” as a broad and shared notion that embraces various disciplines and social issues. The principle of “Focusing on the Value of Life” has been embedded in Osaka University’s heritage and will be promoted through research that aims at “Protecting Life”, “Nurturing Life”, and “Connecting Life.”
With this Concept as our compass, we will encourage dialogue with stakeholders, both inside and outside Osaka University, share a vision for society and mobilize research resources available in the university to tackle the issues that need to be addressed. | <urn:uuid:ea9d9e4a-ecea-4bbc-bf57-1abd4b413959> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osaka-u.ac.jp/en/research/research/hi9njx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.942223 | 302 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Over 600 feet of floating wetlands are coming to the Chicago River as a pilot project by nonprofit Urban Rivers, which hopes to rehabilitate urban waterways in Chicago and around the world. The effort comes on top of the city’s own ambitious plans to make the Chicago River more inviting and productive.
The wetland design, partially funded through Kickstarter, calls for four 150-foot-long, 10-foot-wide platforms anchored to the riverbanks. The goal is to turn the mile-long stretch of the Chicago River at Goose Island back into an urban wildlife sanctuary. The gardens will provide habitat for fish, ducks, turtles and even aquatic mammals like muskrats and river otters. Plant species native to Illinois wetlands and prairies will be chosen specifically for their ability to attract and sustain wildlife.
The nonprofit imagines the space will also appeal to urban kayakers, and provide an opportunity to educate the community on environmental issues. Urban Rivers is working with the Metropolitan Water Reclamation District on a four-year study monitoring fish populations at its installation site. One of the nonprofit’s co-founders has already conducted some research on the topic, which indicated a 100 percent increase in fish populations around a floating garden compared to a traditional dock.
With just under a week to go, Urban Rivers has more than doubled its original Kickstarter goal of $10,000, and any additional donations will help to extend the length of the garden. The project has already been permitted and designed, and will be installed in May 2017.
Jen Kinney is a freelance writer and documentary photographer. Her work has also appeared in Philadelphia Magazine, High Country News online, and the Anchorage Press. She is currently a student of radio production at the Salt Institute of Documentary Studies. See her work at jakinney.com. | <urn:uuid:b00f6962-c06e-4e9e-9823-7e4d7ad95c06> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://nextcity.org/urbanist-news/chicago-river-floating-wetlands-600-feet | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572063.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814173832-20220814203832-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.944845 | 382 | 2.453125 | 2 |
Disaster relief aid (81 - 90 of 224 items)
Hurricane Katrina: Providing Oversight of the Nation's Preparedness, Response, and Recovery Activities
GAO-05-1053T: Published: Sep 28, 2005. Publicly Released: Sep 28, 2005.
Federal Emergency Management Agency: Crisis Counseling Grants Awarded to the State of New York after the September 11 Terrorist Attacks
GAO-05-514: Published: May 31, 2005. Publicly Released: Jun 30, 2005.
National Flood Insurance Program: Oversight of Policy Issuance and Claims
GAO-05-532T: Published: Apr 14, 2005. Publicly Released: Apr 14, 2005.
Status of FEMA's FY03 Pre-Disaster Mitigation Program
GAO-04-727R: Published: Apr 28, 2004. Publicly Released: Jun 2, 2004.
National Flood Insurance Program: Actions to Address Repetitive Loss Properties
GAO-04-401T: Published: Mar 25, 2004. Publicly Released: Mar 25, 2004.
September 11: Overview of Federal Disaster Assistance to the New York City Area
GAO-04-72: Published: Oct 31, 2003. Publicly Released: Oct 31, 2003.
Disaster Assistance: Federal Aid to the New York City Area Following the Attacks of September 11th and Challenges Confronting FEMA
GAO-03-1174T: Published: Sep 24, 2003. Publicly Released: Sep 24, 2003.
Disaster Assistance: Information on FEMA's Post 9/11 Public Assistance to the New York City Area
GAO-03-926: Published: Aug 29, 2003. Publicly Released: Sep 24, 2003.
Foreign Assistance: USAID's Earthquake Recovery Program in El Salvador Has Made Progress, but Key Activities Are Behind Schedule
GAO-03-656: Published: May 15, 2003. Publicly Released: May 15, 2003.
Major Management Challenges and Program Risks: Federal Emergency Management Agency
GAO-03-113: Published: Jan 1, 2003. Publicly Released: Jan 1, 2003. | <urn:uuid:afa1c782-f9aa-42e9-9e2f-292fc1cfd987> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gao.gov/browse/topic/Economic_Development/Disaster_relief_aid/?rows=10&o=50&now_sort=issue_date_dt+desc&o=80 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00162-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.79188 | 446 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Camera Cleaning Lens Pen for photography equipment | Nature Lounge
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While there are no restrictions and the dirt on the optics should be the trigger, it is advisable to kep it handy during outdoor shoots | <urn:uuid:7d68a3ad-f07c-4d1b-b5db-e4bd05fa44c1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.naturelounge.in/collections/summer/products/camera-cleaning-lens-pen | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572408.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816151008-20220816181008-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.87982 | 179 | 1.773438 | 2 |
kap-tiv'-i-ti (galah, galuth, shebhuth, shibhyah; metoikesia):
I. OF THE NORTHERN KINGDOM (THE WORK OF ASSYRIA)
1. Western Campaigns of Shalmaneser II, 860-825 BC
2. Of Rimmon-nirari III, 810-781 BC
3. Of Tiglath-pileser III, 745-727 BC
4. Of Shalmaneser IV, 727-722 BC--Siege of Samaria
5. Samaria Captured by Sargon, 722 BC
6. Depopulation and Repopulation of Samaria
7. The Ten Tribes in Captivity
II. OF JUDAH (THE WORK OF THE CHALDAEAN POWER)
Southern Kingdom and House of David
1. Break-up of Assyria
2. Downfall of Nineveh, 606 BC
3. Pharaoh Necoh's Revolt
4. Defeat at Carchemish, 604 BC
5. The New Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadrezzar, 604-562 BC
The Mission of Jeremiah, 626-580 BC
6. Revolt and Punishment of Jehoiakim, 608-597 BC
7. Siege and Surrender of Jerusalem under Jehoiachin, 597 BC
8. First Deportation, 597 BC
The Baskets of Figs
9. The Ministry of Ezekiel, 592-570 BC
10. Jeremiah's Ministry in Jerusalem, 597-588 BC
11. Zedekiah's Rebellion and Siege of Jerusalem, 588-586 BC
Jeremiah "Falling Away to the Chaldeans"
12. Destruction of Jerusalem, 586 BC
Flight, Capture, and Punishment of Zedekiah
13. Second Deportation of Inhabitants, 586 BC
14. Third Deportation, 581 BC
(1) Number and Quality of Exiles
(2) The Residue Left
15. Gedaliah, Governor of Judah
(1) Jeremiah and the Flight to Egypt
(2) Descendants of the Fugitives, 471-411 BC
16. The Exiles in Babylon: Their Social Condition, 464-405 BC
17. The Rise and Development of Judaism
18. The Return by Permission of Cyrus, 538 BC
19. Rebuilding of the Temple, 536 BC
Completed 515 BC
20. Reforms and Labors of Ezra and Nehemiah, 445 BC
21. Modern Theories of the Return
22. Importance of the Period of Ezra-Nehemiah
I. Of the Northern Kingdom (The Work of Assyria).
1. Western Campaigns of Shalmaneser II, 860-825 BC:
The captivity of the Northern Kingdom was the work of the great Assyrian power having its seat at Nineveh on the Tigris. The empire of Assyria, rounded nearly 2000 BC, had a long history behind it when its annals begin to take notice of the kingdom of Israel and Judah. The reign of Shalmaneser II (860-825 BC) marks the first contact between these powers. This is not the Shalmaneser mentioned in 2Ki 17:1-41 and 2Ki 18:1-37, who is the fourth of the name and flourished more than a century later. Shalmaneser II was contemporary during his long reign with Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, Ahaziah and Joash, kings of Judah; with Ahab, Ahaziah, Jehoram and Jehu, kings of Israel; with Hazael and Benhadad II, kings of Syria at Damascus, and with Mesha, king of Moab. The Assyrian authorities for his reign are an inscription engraved by himself on the rocks of Armenia; the Black Obelisk brought by Layard from Nimroud, now in the British Museum; and the texts engraved on the bronze gates of Balawat, discovered by Hormuzd Rassam in 1878, and recognized as the swinging gates of Shalmaneser's palace. From these authorities we learn that in his 6th year he encountered the combined forces of Damascus, Hamath, Israel, and other states which had united to oppose his progress westward, and completely routed them in the battle of Karkar (854 BC). The danger which threatened the western states in common had brought Syria and Israel together; and this is in accord with the Scripture narrative which tells of a covenant, denounced by God's prophet, between Ahab and Benhadad (1Ki 20:34 ff), and mentions a period of three years when there was no war between Syria and Israel. The defeat of the allies seems, however, to have broken up the confederacy, for, soon after, Ahab is found, with the aid of Jehoshaphat of Judah, attempting unsuccessfully, and with fatal result to himself, to recover from the weakened power of Syria the city of Ramoth-gilead (1Ki 22:1-53). In another campaign to the West, which likewise finds no record in Scripture, Shalmaneser received the tribute of Tyre and Sidon, and of "Yahua of Khumri," that is, of Jehu, of the land of Omri, as Israel is called on the monuments.
2. Of Rimmon-nirari III, 810-781 BC:
The next Assyrian monarch who turned his arms against the West was Rimmon-nirari III (810-781 BC), grandson of Shalmaneser II. Although he is not mentioned by name in Scripture, his presence and activity had their influence upon contemporary events recorded in 2 Ki. He caused Syria to let go her hold of Israel; and although he brought Israel into subjection, the people of the Northern Kingdom would rather have a ruler exercising a nominal sovereignty over them in distant Nineveh than a king oppressing them in Damascus. Hence, Rimmon-nirari has been taken for the saviour whom God gave to Israel, "so that they went out from under the hand of the Syrians" (2Ki 13:5; compare 2Ki 13:23).
With the death of Rimmon-nirari in 781 BC, the power of Assyria received a temporary check, and on the other hand the kingdom of Judah under Uzziah and the kingdom of Israel under Jeroboam II reached the zenith of their political prosperity. In 745 BC, however, a usurper, Pul, or Pulu, ascended the throne of Assyria, and reigned as Tiglath-pileser III. It is by the former name that he is first mentioned in the Scripture narrative (2Ki 15:19; 1Ch 5:26), and by the latter that he is mentioned on the monuments. That the two names belong to one man is now held to be certain (Schrader, COT, I, 230 f).
3. Of Tiglath-pileser III, 745-727 BC:
Tiglath-pileser was one of the greatest monarchs of antiquity. He was the first to attempt to consolidate an empire in the manner to which the world has become accustomed since Roman times. He was not content to receive tribute from the kings and rulers of the states which he conquered. The countries which he conquered became subject provinces of his empire, governed by Assyrian satraps and contributing to the imperial treasury. Not long after he had seated himself on the throne, Tiglath-pileser, like his predecessors, turned his attention to the West. After the siege of Arpad, northward of Aleppo, the Assyrian forces made their way into Syria, and putting into operation the Assyrian method of deportation and repopulation, the conqueror annexed Hamath which had sought the alliance and assistance of Azariah, that is Uzziah, king of Judah. Whether he then refrained from molesting Judah, or whether her prestige was broken by this campaign of the Assyrian king, it is not easy to say. In another campaign he certainly subjected Menahem of Israel with other kings to tribute. What is stated in a word or two in the Annals of Tiglath-pileser is recorded at length in the Bible history (2Ki 15:19 ff): "There came against the land Pul the king of Assyria; and Menahem gave Pul a thousand talents of silver, that his hand might be with him to confirm the kingdom in his hand. And Menahem exacted the money of Israel, even of all the mighty men of wealth, of each man 50 shekels of silver, to give to the king of Assyria. So the king of Assyria tamed back, and stayed not there in the land." In the reign of Pekah, under his proper name of Tiglath-pileser, he is recorded to have raided the northern parts of Israel, and carried the inhabitants away into the land of Assyria (2Ki 15:29). We next hear of Ahaz, king of Judah, appealing to the Assyrians for help against "these two tails of smoking firebrands," Rezin of Syria and Pekah, the son of Remaliah (Isa 7:4). To secure this help he took the silver and gold of the house of the Lord, and sent it as a present to the king of Assyria (2Ki 16:8). Meanwhile Tiglath-pileser was setting out on a new campaign to the West. He carried fire and sword through Syria and the neighboring lands as far as Gaza, and on his return he captured Samaria, without, however, razing it to the ground. Pekah having been slain by his own people, the Assyrian monarch left Hoshea, the leader of the conspiracy, on the throne of Israel as the vassal of Assyria.
4. Of Shalmaneser IV, 727-722 BC--Seige of Samaria:
In 727 BC Tiglath-pileser III died and was succeeded by Shalmaneser IV. His reign was short and no annals of it have come to light. In 2 Ki 17 and 18, however, we read that Hoshea, relying upon help from the king of Egypt, thought the death of Tiglath-pileser a good opportunity for striking a blow for independence. It was a vain endeavor, for the end of the kingdom of Israel was at hand. The people were grievously given over to oppression and wickedness, which the prophets Amos and Hosea vigorously denounced. Hosea, in particular, was "the prophet of Israel's decline and fall." Prophesying at this very time he says: "As for Samaria, her king is cut off, as foam upon the water. The high places also of Aven, the sin of Israel, shall be destroyed: the thorn and the thistle shall come up on their altars; and they shall say to the mountains, Cover us; and to the hills, Fall on us" (Ho 10:7-8; compare Ho 10:14-15). No less stern are the predictions by Isaiah and Micah of the doom that is to overtake Samaria: "Woe to the crown of pride of the drunkards of Ephraim, and to the fading flower of his glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley of them that are overcome with wine" (Isa 28:1). "For the transgression of Jacob is all this, and for the sins of the house of Israel. What is the transgression of Jacob? is it not Samaria? .... Therefore I will make Samaria as a heap of the field, and as places for planting vineyards" (Mic 1:5-6). No help came from Egypt. With the unaided and enfeebled resources of his kingdom Hoshea had to face the chastising forces of his sovereign. He was made prisoner outside Samaria and was most likely carried away to Nineveh. Meanwhile the land was over-run and the capital doomed to destruction, as the prophets had declared.
5. Samaria Captured by Sargon, 722 BC:
Not without a stubborn resistance on the part of her defenders did "the fortress cease from Ephraim" (Isa 17:3). It was only after a three years' siege that the Assyrians captured the city (2Ki 17:5). If we had only the record of the Hebrew historian we should suppose that Shalmaneser was the monarch to whom fell the rewards and honors of the capture. Before the surrender of the city Shalmaneser had abdicated or died, and Sargon, only once mentioned in Scripture (Isa 20:1), but one of the greatest of Assyrian monarchs, had ascended the throne. From his numerous inscriptions, recovered from the ruins of Khorsabad, we learn that he, and not Shalmaneser, was the king who completed the conquest of the revolted kingdom and deported the inhabitants to Assyria. "In the beginning (of my reign)," says Sargon in his Annals, "the city Samaria (I took) with the help of Shamash, who secures victory to me (.... 27,290 people inhabiters of it) I took away captive; 50 chariots the property of my royalty, which were in it I appropriated. (.... the city) I restored, and more than before I caused it to be inhabited; people of the lands conquered by my hand in it (I caused to dwell. My governor over them I appointed, and tribute) and imposts just as upon the Assyrians I laid upon them." The Assyrian Annals and the Scripture history support and supplement each other at this point. The sacred historian describes the deportation as follows: "The king of Assyria took Samaria, and carried Israel away into Assyria, and placed them in Halah, and on the Habor, the river of Gozan, and in the cities of the Medes .... because they obeyed not the voice of Yahweh their God, but transgressed his covenant, even all that Moses, the servant of Yahweh, commanded, and would not hear it, nor do it" (2Ki 17:6-7; 18:11-12).
6. Depopulation and Repopulation of Samaria:
The repopulation of the conquered territory is also described by the sacred historian: "And the king of Assyria brought men from Babylon, and from Cuthah, and from Avva, and from Hamath and Sepharvaim, and placed them in the cities of Samaria instead of the children of Israel; and they possessed Samaria, and dwelt in the cities thereof" (2Ki 17:24). The fact that Sargon introduced foreign settlers taken in war into Samaria is attested by inscriptions. That there were various episodes of deportation and repopulation in connection with the captivity of the Northern Kingdom appears to be certain. We have seen already that Tiglath-pileser III deported the population of the northern tribes to Assyria and placed over the depopulated country governors of his own. And at a time considerably later, we learn that Sargon's grandson Esarhaddon, and his great-grandson Ashur-bani-pal, "the great and noble Osnappar," imported to the region of Samaria settlers of nations conquered by them in the East (Ezr 4:2,10). Of the original settlers, whom a priest, carried away by the king of Assyria but brought back to Bethel, taught "the law of the god of the land," it is said that "they feared Yahweh, and served their own gods, after the manner of the nations from among whom they had been carried away" (2Ki 17:33). The hybrid stock descended from those settlers is known to us in later history and in the Gospels as the Samaritans.
7. The Ten Tribes in Captivity:
We must not suppose that a clean sweep was made Of the inhabitants of the Northern Kingdom. No doubt, as in the Babylonian captivity, "the poorest of the land were left to be vinedressers and husbandmen" (2Ki 25:12). The numbers actually deported were but a moiety of the whole population. But the kingdom of the Ten Tribes was now at an end. Israel had become an Assyrian province, with a governor established in Samaria. As regards the Golah--the captives of Israel in the cities of the Medes--it must not be supposed that they became wholly absorbed in the population among whom they were settled. We can well believe that they preserved their Israelite traditions and usages with sufficient clearness and tenacity, and that they became part of the Jewish dispersion so widespread throughout the East. It is quite possible that at length they blended with the exiles of Judah carried off by Nebuchadrezzar, and that then Judah and Ephraim became one nation as never before. The name Jew, therefore, naturally came to include members of what had earlier been the Northern Confederacy of Israel as well as those of the Southern Kingdom to which it properly belonged, so that in the post-exilic period, Jehudi, or Jew, means an adherent of Judaism without regard to local nationality.
II. Of Judah (The Work of the Chaldean Power).
Southern Kingdom and House of David
The captivity of Judah was the work of the great Chaldean power seated at Babylon on the Euphrates. While the Northern Kingdom had new dynasties to rule it in quick succession, Judah and Jerusalem remained true to the House of David to the end. The Southern Kingdom rested on a firmer foundation, and Jerusalem with its temple and priesthood secured the throne against the enemies who overthrew Samaria for nearly a century and a half longer.
1. Break-up of Assyria:
Sargon, who captured Samaria in 722 BC, was followed by monarchs with a great name as conquerors and builders and patrons of literature, Sennacherib, Esarhaddon, Ashurbanipal. When Ashurbanipal died in 625 BC, the dissolution of the Assyrian Empire was not far off. Its hold over the West had greatly slackened, and the tributary peoples were breaking out into revolt. Bands of Scythians, a nomad Aryan race, from the region between the Caucasus and the Caspian, were sweeping through the Assyrian Empire as far as Palestine and Egypt, and the prophecies of Jeremiah and Zephaniah reflect their methods of warfare and fierce characteristics. They were driven back, however, at the frontier of Egypt, and appear to have returned to the North without invading Judah.
2. Downfall of Nineveh, 606 BC:
From the North these hordes were closing in upon Nineveh, and on all sides the Assyrian power was being weakened. In the "Burden of Nineveh," the prophet Nahum foreshadows the joy of the kingdom of Judah at the tidings of its approaching downfall: "Behold, upon the mountains the feet of him that bringeth good tidings, that publisheth peace! Keep thy feasts, O Judah, perform thy vows; for the wicked one shall no more pass through thee; he is utterly cut off" (Na 1:15; compare Na 3:8-11). The Medes regained their independence and under their king, Cyaxares, formed an alliance with the Chaldeans, who soon afterward revolted under the leadership of Nabopolassar, viceroy of Babylon. Rallying these various elements to his standard Nabopolassar laid siege to the Assyrian capital, and in 606 BC, Nineveh, which had been the capital city of great conquerors, and had "multiplied (her) merchants above the stars of heaven" (Na 3:16), fell before the combined forces of the Medes and Chaldeans, fell suddenly and finally, to rise no more. Of the new Babylonian Empire upon which the Chaldeans now entered, Nebuchadrezzar, whose father Nabopolassar had associated him with him on the throne, was the first and most eminent ruler.
3. Pharaoh Necoh's Revolt:
That the people of Judah should exult in the overthrow of Nineveh and the empire for which it stood we can well understand. Jerusalem herself had by God's mercy remained unconquered when Sennacherib nearly a century before had carried off from the surrounding country 200,150 people and had devastated the towns and fortresses near. But the hateful Assyrian yoke had rested upon Judah to the end, and not upon Judah only but even upon Egypt and the valley of the Nile. In 608 BC Pharaoh Necoh revolted from his Assyrian suzerain and resolved upon an eastern campaign. He had no desire to quarrel with Josiah of Judah, through whose territory he must pass; but in loyalty to his Assyrian suzerain Josiah threw himself across the path of the Egyptian invader and perished in the battle of Megiddo. The Pharaoh seems to have returned to Egypt, taking Jehoahaz the son of Josiah with him, and to have appointed his brother Jehoiakim king of Judah, and to have exacted a heavy tribute from the land.
4. Defeat at Carchemish, 604 BC:
But he did not desist from his purpose to win an eastern empire. Accordingly he pressed forward till he reached the Euphrates, where he was completely routed by the Babylonian army under Nebuchadrezzar in the decisive battle of Carchemish, 604 BC. The battle left the Chaldeans undisputed masters of Western Asia, and Judah exchanged the yoke of Assyria for that of Babylon.
5. The New Babylonian Empire under Nebuchadrezzar, 604-562 BC:
So far as cruelty was concerned, there was little to choose between the new tyrants and the old oppressors. Of the Chaldeans Habakkuk, who flourished at the commencement of the new Empire, says: "They are terrible and dreadful. .... Their horses also are swifter than leopards, and are more fierce than the evening wolves; and their horsemen spread themselves: yea, their horsemen come from far; they fly as an eagle that hasteth to devour" (Hab 1:7-8 the American Revised Version, margin). Over Western Asia, including Judah, Nebuchadrezzar since the battle of Carchemish was supreme. It was vain for Judah to coquet with Egypt when Nebuchadrezzar had a long and powerful arm with which to inflict chastisement upon his disloyal subjects.
The Mission of Jeremiah, 626-580 BC.
The mission of Jeremiah the prophet in this crisis of the history of Judah was to preach obedience and loyalty to the king of Babylon, and moral reformation as the only means of escaping the Divine vengeance impending upon land and people. He tells them in the name of God of the great judgment that was to come at the hand of the Chaldeans on Jerusalem and surrounding peoples. He even predicts the period of their subjection to Chaldean domination: "And this whole land shall be a desolation, and an astonishment; and these nations shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years" (Jer 25:11). This preaching was unpalatable to the partisans of Egypt and to those who believed in the inviolability of Jerusalem. But with stern rebuke and with symbolic action he proclaims the doom of Jerusalem, and in the face of persecution and at the risk of his life, the prophet fulfills his ministry.
6. Revolt and Punishment of Jehoiakim, 608-597 BC:
Jehoiakim, who was first the vassal of Pharaoh Necoh, and then of Nebuchadrezzar, was in corruption and wickedness too faithful a representative of the people. Jeremiah charges him with covetousness, the shedding of innocent blood, oppression and violence (Jer 22:13-19). The fourth year of Jehoiakim was the first year of Nebuchadrezzar, who, fresh from the victory of Carchemish, was making his sovereignty felt in the western world. The despicable king of Judah became Nebuchadrezzar's vassal and continued in his allegiance three years, after which he turned and rebelled against him. But he received neither encouragement nor help from the neighboring peoples. "Yahweh sent against him bands of the Chaldeans, and bands of the Syrians, and bands of the Moabites, and bands of the children of Ammon, and sent them against Judah to destroy it, according to the word of Yahweh, which he spake by his servants the prophets" (2Ki 24:2). The history of the latter part of Jehoiakim's reign is obscure. The Hebrew historian says that after a reign of eleven years he slept with his fathers, from which we infer that he died a natural death. From Daniel we learn that in the third year of Jehoiakim, Nebuchadrezzar came up against Jerusalem and besieged it, and carried off, along with vessels of the house of God, members of the seed royal, and of the nobility of Judah, among whom was Daniel the prophet. That Jehoiakim was included in what seems to be a first installment of the captivity of Judah is expressly affirmed by the Chronicler who says: "Against him (Jehoiakim) came up Nebuchadnezzar .... and bound him in fetters, to carry him to Babylon" (2Ch 36:6). However the facts really stand, the historian adds to the record of the death of Jehoiakim and of the succession of Jehoiachin the significant comment: "And the king of Egypt came not again any more out of this land; for the king of Babylon had taken, from the brook of Egypt unto the river Euphrates, all that pertained to the king of Egypt" (2Ki 24:7).
7. Siege and Surrender of Jerusalem under Jehoiachin, 597 BC:
Jehoiachin who succeeded Jehoiakim reigned only three months, the same length of time as his unfortunate predecessor Jehoahaz (2Ki 23:31). The captivity of Jehoahaz in Egypt and the captivity of Jehoiachin in Babylon are lamented in a striking elegy by Ezekiel, who compares them to young lions, the offspring of the mother lioness Israel, which learned to catch and their prey and devoured men, but were taken in the pit of the nations and put in rings, so that their roar was no more heard in the mountains of Israel (Eze 19:1-9). Nebuchadrezzar came in person while his servants were besieging Jerusalem, and Jehoiachin surrendered at discretion. So the king and his mother and his servants and his princes and his officers were carried off with the mighty men of valor, even ten thousand captives. `None remained, save the poorest sort of the people of the land. He carried out thence all the treasures of the house of Yahweh, and the treasures of the king's house, and cut in pieces all the vessels of gold, which Solomon king of Israel had made in the temple of Yahweh, as Yahweh had said.
8. First Deportation, 597 BC:
And all the men of might, even seven thousand, and the craftsmen and the smiths a thousand, all of them strong and apt for war, even them the king of Babylon brought captive to Babylon. And the king of Babylon made Mattaniah, Jehoiachin's father's brother, king in his stead, and changed his name to Zedekiah' (2Ki 24:10-17). From Jehoiachin dates the carrying away into Babylon, the year being 597 BC. The unfortunate monarch lived in exile in Babylon 38 years, and seems to have retained the respect and loyalty of the exiles among whom he dwelt.
The Baskets of Figs:
It was with reference to the deportation of the princes and craftsmen and smiths that Jeremiah had his vision of the baskets of figs--one containing figs very good, like the first ripe figs; the other very bad, so bad they could not be eaten (Jer 24:1-3). The good figs were the captives of Judah carried away into the land of the Chaldeans for good; the bad figs were the king Zedekiah and his princes and the residue of Jerusalem, upon whom severe judgments were yet to fall till they were consumed from off the land (Jer 24:4-10).
9. The Ministry of Ezekiel, 592-570 BC:
Among the captives thus carried to Babylon and placed on the banks of the Chebar was the priest-prophet Ezekiel. Five years after the captivity he began to have his wonderful "visions" of God, and to declare their import to the exiles by the rivers of Babylon. To the desponding captives who were engrossed with thoughts of the kingdom of Judah, not yet dissolved, and of the Holy City, not yet burned up with fire, Ezekiel could only proclaim by symbol and allegory the destruction of city and nation, till the day when the distressing tidings reached them of its complete overthrow. Then to the crushed and despairing captives he utters no lamentations like those of Jeremiah, but rather joyful predictions of a rebuilt city, of a reconstituted kingdom, and of a renovated and glorious temple.
10. Jeremiah's Ministry in Jerusalem, 597-588 BC:
Although the flower of the population had been carried away into Babylon and the Temple had been despoiled of its treasures, Jerusalem and the Temple still stood. To the inhabitants who were left behind, and to the captives in Babylon, Jeremiah had a message. To the latter he offered counsels of submission and contentment, assured that the hateful and repulsive idolatries around them would throw them back upon the law of their God, and thus promote the work of moral and spiritual regeneration within them. `Thus saith Yahweh, I will give them a heart to know me, that I am Yahweh: and they shall be my people, and I will be their God; for they shall return unto me with their whole heart' (Jer 24:5,7). To "the residue of Jerus" his counsels and predictions were distasteful, and exposed him to the suspicion of disloyalty to his people and his God. None of his warnings was more impressive than that symbolically proclaimed by the bands and bars which the prophet was to put upon his neck to send to the kings of Edom and Moab and Ammon and Tyre and Sidon, who seem to have had ideas of forming an alliance against Nebuchadrezzar. Zedekiah was also urged to submit, but still entertained hopes that the king of Babylon would allow the captives of Judah to return. He even himself went to Babylon, perhaps summoned thither by his suzerain (Jer 51:59). With an Egyptian party in Jerusalem urging an alliance with Egypt, and with a young and warlike Pharaoh on the throne, Hophra (Apries), Zedekiah deemed the opportunity favorable for achieving independence, and entered into an intrigue with the Egyptian king. So Zedekiah rebelled against the king of Babylon (2Ki 24:20).
11. Zedekiah's Rebellion and the Siege of Jerusalem, 588-586 BC:
It was a bold throw, but Nebuchadrezzar would brook no such disloyalty from his vassals. He marched at once to the West, and committed to Nebuzaradan the task of capturing Jerusalem, while he himself established his headquarters at Riblah, in Syria, on the Orontes. Meanwhile the Pharaoh with his army crossed the frontier to the help of his allies, and compelled the Chaldeans to raise the siege of Jerusalem and meet him in the field (Jer 37:5). But here his courage failed him, and he retired in haste without offering battle. Nebuzaradan now led back his army and the siege became closer than before.
Jeremiah "Falling Away to the Chaldeans"
During the breathing-space afforded by the withdrawal of the Chaldeans, Jeremiah was going out of the city to his native Anathoth, some 4 miles to the Northeast across the ridge, on family business (Jer 37:11-15). His departure was observed, and he was charged with falling away to the Chaldeans, and cast into an improvised dungeon in the house of Jonathan the scribe. While there the king sent for him and asked, "Is there any word from Yahweh?" And Jeremiah answered fearlessly, "There is. Thou shalt be delivered into the hand of the king of Babylon." For a time Jeremiah, by the favor of Zedekiah, enjoyed after this a greater measure of freedom; but as he continued to urge in hearing of all the people the duty of surrender, his enemies vowed that he should be put to death, and had him cast into a foul empty cistern, where he ran the risk of being choked or starved to death. Once again the king sought an interview with the prophet, giving him private assurance that he would not put him to death nor allow his enemies to do so. Again the prophet counseled surrender, and again he was allowed a measure of freedom.
12. Destruction of Jerusalem, 586 BC:
Flight, Capture, and Punishment of Zedekiah
But the end of the doomed city was at hand. In the 11th year of Zedekiah, 586 BC, in the 4th month, the 9th day of the month, a breach was made in the city (Jer 39:1-2), and the final assault completed the work that had been done by months of famine and want. Zedekiah and his men of war do not seem to have waited for the delivery of the last assault. They fled from the city by night "by the way of the king's garden, through the gate betwixt the two walls," and made eastward for the Arabah. But the army of the Chaldeans pursued them, and overtook Zedekiah in the plains of Jericho. They took him prisoner and brought him to Nebuchadrezzar at Riblah, where the king of Babylon first slew the son of Zedekiah, and then put out his eyes. With the sons of the captured monarch were slain all the nobles of Judah. This time neither city nor temple nor palace was spared. Nebuzaradan "burnt the house of Yahweh, and the king's house; and all the houses of Jerusalem, even every great house, burnt he with fire" (2Ki 25:9). His soldiers, too, broke down the walls of Jerusalem round about. The treasure and the costly furnishings of the Temple, in so far as they had escaped the former spoliation, were carried away to Babylon. The ruin of Jerusalem was complete. The Book of Lamentations utters the grief and shame and penitence of an eyewitness of the captures and desolation of the Holy City: "Yahweh hath accomplished his wrath, he hath poured out his fierce anger; and he hath kindled a fire in Zion, which hath devoured the foundations thereof. The kings of the earth believed not, neither all the inhabitants of the world, that the adversary and the enemy would enter into the gates of Jerusalem. Woe unto us! for we have sinned. For this our heart is faint; for these things our eyes are dim; for the mountain of Zion, which is desolate: the foxes walk upon it" (La 4:11-12; 5:16,18).
13. Second Deportation of Inhabitants, 586 BC:
"So Judah," says the prophet who had been through the siege and the capture (if not rather the editor of his prophecies), "was carried away captive out of his land" (Jer 52:27). The statements of the numbers carried away are, however, conflicting. In Jer (59:28-30) we read of three deportations: that of 597 BC when 3,023 Jews were carried off; that of 586 BC when Nebuchadrezzar carried off 832 persons; and one later than both in 581 BC, when Nebuzaradan carried away captive of the Jews 745 persons--a total of 4,600.
14. Third Deportation, 581 BC:
(1) Number and Quality of Exiles:
In 2 Ki 24:15,16 it is said that in 597 Nebuchadrezzar carried to Babylon 8,000 men. Dr. George Adam Smith taking all the data together estimates that the very highest figures possible are 62,000 or 70,000 men, women and children, less than half of the whole nation (Jerusalem, II, 268-70). In 597 BC, Nebuchadrezzar carried off the princes and nobles and craftsmen and smiths, leaving behind the poorest sort of the people of the land (2Ki 24:14).
(2) The Residue Left:
In 586 BC Nebuzaradan carried off the residue of the people that were left in the city, but he "left of the poorest of the land to be vinedressers and husbandmen" (2Ki 25:12). "They were, as the Biblical narratives testify, the poorest of the land, from whom every man of substance and energy had been sifted; mere groups of peasants, without a leader and without a center; disorganized and depressed; bitten by hunger and compassed by enemies; uneducated and an easy prey to the heathenism by which they were surrounded. We can appreciate the silence which reigns in the Bible regarding them, and which has misled us as to their numbers. They were a negligible quantity in the religious future of Israel: without initiative or any influence except that of a dead weight upon the efforts of the rebuilders of the nation, when these at last returned from Babylonia" (Jerusalem, II, 269-70).
15. Gedaliah, Governor of Judah:
Over those who were left behind, Gedaliah was appointed governor, with his residence at Mizpah, where also a Babylonian contingent remained on guard. Jeremiah had the choice of being taken to Babylon or of remaining in Judah. He preferred to remain with the residue of the people under the care of Gedaliah. With the murder of Gedaliah by Ishmael, a traitorous scion of the royal house, who in turn had to flee and made good his escape, it looked as if the last trace of the former kingdom of Judah was wiped out.
(1) Jeremiah and the Flight to Egypt:
Against the counsel of Jeremiah, the remnant, led by Johanan the son of Kareah, resolved to take refuge in Egypt and insisted that Jeremiah and his friend Baruch should accompany them. It is in Egypt, amid disappointment and misrepresentation which he had to endure, that we have our last glimpse of the prophet of the downfall of Judah.
(2) Descendants of the Fugitives, 471-411 BC:
Of the descendants of those settlers in Egypt remarkable remains have been discovered within the last few years. They consist of Aramaic papyri which were found at Assouan, the ancient Syene, and which belong to a time not more than a century after the death of Jeremiah. The documents are accounts and contracts and deeds of various kinds, from which we gather that in the 5th century BC there were Jews keeping themselves apart as they do still, worshipping Yahweh, and no other God, and even having a temple and an altar of sacrifice to which they brought offerings as their fathers did at Jerusalem before the destruction of the Temple. These papyri give us valuable glimpses of the social condition and religious interest of the settlers.
16. The Exiles in Babylon: Their Social Condition, 464-405 BC:
Of the Jewish captives carried off by Nebuchadrezzar and settled by the rivers of Babylon, we learn something from the prophecies of Daniel which are now generally believed to belong to the Maccabean period, and much from the prophecies of Ezekiel, from the Psalms of the Captivity, and from the Second Isaiah, whose glowing messages of encouragement and comfort were inspired by the thought of the Return. From Haggai and Zechariah we see how the work of rebuilding the Temple was conceived and carried out. Of the social condition of the Exiles an interesting revelation is given by the excavations at Nippur. From cuneiform tablets, now in the Imperial Ottoman Museum at Constantinople, preserved among the business archives of the wealthy firm of Murashu, sons of Nippur, in the reign of Artaxerxes I and Darius II (464-405 BC), there can be read quite a number of Jewish names. And the remarkable thing is that many of the names are those known to us from the genealogical and other lists of the Books of Ki and Ch and Ezr and Neh. Professor Hilprecht (The Babylonian Expedition, IX, 13 ff) infers from an examination of these that a considerable number of the Jewish exiles, carried away by Nebuchadrezzar after the destruction of Jerusalem, were settled in Nippur and its neighborhood. Of this fact there are various proofs. The Talmudic tradition which identifies Nippur with Calneh (Ge 10:10) gains new force in the light of these facts. And "the river Khebar in the land of the Chaldeans," by which Ezekiel saw his vision, is now known from inscriptions to be a large navigable canal not far from Nippur (ibid., 27,28).
17. The Rise and Development of Judaism:
The influence of the Captivity as a factor in the development of Judaism can hardly be overestimated. "The captivity of Judah," says Dr. Foakes-Jackson (Biblical History of the Hebrews, 316) "is one of the greatest events in the history of religion. .... With the captivity the history of Israel ends, and the history of the Jews commences." Placed in the midst of heathen and idolatrous surroundings the Golah recoiled from the abominations of their neighbors and clung to the faith of their fathers in the God of Abraham. Exposed to the taunts and the scorn of nations that despised them, they formed an inner circle of their own, and cultivated that exclusiveness which has marked them ever since. Being without a country, without a ritual system, without any material basis for their life as a people, they learned as never before to prize those spiritual possessions which had come down to them from the past. They built up their nationality in their new surroundings upon the foundation of their religion. Their prophets, Jeremiah and Ezekiel, had encouraged and stimulated them with the assurance of spiritual blessings, and the promise of restoration. For their whole social and domestic and spiritual life there was needed some steady and continuous regulative principle or scheme. The need of this threw their leaders and thinkers back upon the Law of Moses. The rabbi and the scribe took the place of the sacrificing priest. The synagogue and the Sabbath came to occupy a new place in the religious practice of the people. These and other institutions of Judaism only attained to maturity after the Return, but the Captivity and the Exile created the needs they were meant to supply. While the prophets were clear and explicit in setting forth the Captivity, they were not less so in predicting the Return. Isaiah with his doctrine of the Remnant, Micah, Zephaniah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel and others gifted with the vision of God, cheered the nation, each in their day, with the hope of restoration and return, not for Judah only but for Israel as well. Vineyards were to be planted again upon the mountains of Samaria as well as in the valleys of Judah. Jeremiah had even predicted the length of the period of the Exile, when he declared that the inhabitants of the land should serve the king of Babylon for seventy years (Jer 25:12; 29:10).
18. The Return by Permission of Cyrus, 538 BC:
It was in Cyrus, who brought about the fall of Babylon and ended the New Babylonian Empire in 539 BC, that the hopes of the exiles came to be centered. He was "the battle-axe" with which Yahweh was to shatter Babylon (Jer 51:20), and as he proceeded on his path of victory the unknown Seer whom we call the Second Isaiah welcomed him as the liberator of his people. "Thus saith Yahweh .... of Jerusalem, She shall be inhabited; and of the cities of Judah, They shall be built, and I will raise up the waste places thereof; that saith to the deep, Be dry, and I will dry up thy rivers; that saith of Cyrus, He is my shepherd, and shall perform all my pleasure, even saying of Jerusalem, She shall be built; and of the temple, Thy foundation shall be laid" (Isa 44:26-28).
19. Rebuilding of the Temple, 536 BC:
Within a year of the entry of Cyrus into Babylon an edict was issued (2Ch 36:22-23; Ezr 1:1 ff), granting permission to the exiles to return and build a house for the Lord in Jerusalem. He also brought forth the vessels of the Temple which Nebuchadrezzar had carried away and handed them over to Sheshbazzar, the prince of Judah; and Sheshbazzar brought them with him when they of the Captivity were brought up from Babylon unto Jerusalem.
Particulars of the Return are given in the Books of Ezr and Neh, and in the prophecies of Haggai and Zechariah. Of the exiles 42,360 returned under Sheshbazzar, besides slaves; and under Jeshua the son of Jozadak the priest, and Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, first an altar was built and then the foundations of the Temple were laid. In consequence of the opposition of the Samaritans, who were refused any share in the restoration of the Temple, the work of rebuilding was greatly hindered, and came to a stop. It was then that Haggai and Zechariah urged the resumption of the work and partly by denouncing the niggardliness of the people and partly by foreshadowing the glorious future in store for the Temple, hastened forward the enterprise.
Completed 515 BC:
At length in the month Adar, in the 6th year of Darius (515 BC) the work was completed and the Passover celebrated within the courts of the restored Sanctuary (Ezr 6:15-18).
20. Reforms and Labors of Ezra and Nehemiah, 445 BC:
For some decades the history is silent, and it was in 458 BC that Ezra set out for Jerusalem taking 1,800 Jews along with him. He found that the returned Jews had become allied in marriage with the people of the land and were in danger of losing their racial characteristics by absorption among the heathen (Ezr 9:1-15). It was due no doubt to his efforts and those of Nehemiah, supported by the searching and powerful utterances of Malachi, that this peril was averted. Thirteen years later (445 BC) Nehemiah, the cupbearer of Artaxerxes, having heard of the desolate condition of the Holy City, the place of his fathers' sepulchers, obtained leave of his master to visit Jerusalem. With letters to the governors on the route and to the keeper of the king's forest, he set out, and came safely to Jerusalem. Having himself inspected the walls he called the people to the work of repairing the ruins, and despite the taunts and calumny and active hostility of the Samaritan opposition he had the satisfaction of seeing the work completed, the gates set up and the city repopulated. Nehemiah and Ezra then gathered the people together to hear the words of the Law, and at a solemn convocation the Law was read and explained to the assembly. Thereafter a covenant was entered into by the people that they would observe the Law of Moses and not intermarry with the heathen nor traffic on the Sabbath, but would pay a third of a shekel annually for the services of the Temple and would bring first-fruits and tithes (Ne 10:28 ff).
21. Modern Theories of the Return:
The course of the history as here set forth has been disputed by some modern scholars, who hold that there was no return of the exiles under Cyrus and that the rebuilding of the Temple was the work of the Jews who remained behind in Judah and Jerusalem (EB, article "Ezra-Nehemiah"). This view, held by the late Professor Kosters of Leyden and supported by Professor H. P. Smith and other scholars, proceeds largely upon the rejection of the historical character of the Book of Ezra-Nehemiah. The historical difficulties which are found in the book are by no means such as to warrant us in denying the fact of the Return and the work of Ezra in connection with Nehemiah. As regards the Return, the course of the narrative is too well supported by documents which bear upon them the stamp of historical truth to be rashly disputed. Moreover, it seems highly improbable that an enterprise requiring such energy and skill and faith should have been undertaken, without stimulus from without, by the residue of the people. We have already seen how little initiative was to be expected of the poorest of the people; and the silence of Haggai, on the subject of the Return, is no argument against it. That the Judaism of Palestine required invigoration by an infusion of the zeal and enthusiasm which grew up in the Judaism of Babylonian, is manifest from the story of the Captivity.
22. Importance of the Period Ezra-Nehemiah:
From the age of Nehemiah and the period immediately preceding it came influences of the utmost moment for the future. "Within these hundred years," says the late Dr. P. Hay Hunter in After the Exile (I, xvi), "the teaching of Moses was established as the basis of the national life, the first steps were taken toward the formation of a canon of Scripture. Jewish society was moulded into a shape which succeeding centuries modified, but did not essentially change. During this period the Judea of the days of our Lord came into being. Within this period the forces which opposed Christ, the forces which rallied to His side, had their origin. This century saw the rise of parties, which afterward became sects under the names of Pharisees and Sadducees. It laid the foundation of Rabbinism. It fixed the attitude of the Jews toward the Gentiles. It put the priesthood in the way to supreme authority. It gave birth to the Samaritan schism."
Schrader, COT, I; McCurdy, HPM, I, 281 ff, II, 249 ff, III; C. F. Barney, Notes on Heb Text of Bks of Kings; Foakes-Jackson, Biblical Hist of the Hebrews, 260-412; G. A. Smith, Jerusalem, II, 223-349; Cambridge Biblical Essays, 93-135; P. Hay Hunter, The Story of Daniel and After the Exile; EB, article "Ezra-Nehemiah"; Nicol, Recent Archaeology and the Bible, 239-78; H. P. Smith, Old Testament Hist, 219-412; Kittel, History of the Hebrews, II, 329 ff. | <urn:uuid:76afd49e-fadb-40cb-a41d-7d532e387686> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/C/captivity.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.971865 | 10,941 | 2.96875 | 3 |
Many famous people have found hobbies or a career that was a passion that has paid off over time. Whether it was painting, writing, performing in the arts, or playing table games at top casinos from KiwiGambling ratings, there are many famous people who found a new career or a new passion through pursuing an old hobby. Below are a few famous musicians that have turned their old hobby or interests into a second career or full-time occupation.
1. Frank Sinatra
Frank Sinatra was one of the most well-known performers and celebrities of the 20th century. Frank Sinatra became famous in the 1940s when he appeared on a TV show for NBC. He began to perform the “American Standard” with other singers. Other artists recorded the song, and soon Frank Sinatra became known as a successful singer and actor. Later in the 1950s, he starred in his own TV show and recorded another series of albums. He had a long and very successful career.
The famous performer was interested in art and found his way into the world of illustration. He spent a great deal of time painting and even received a Master’s degree in art from the New York Academy of Art. Frank is an expert at illustrating. He illustrated many books and even had an art collection of paintings and drawings that the Metropolitan Museum of Art now owns. Frank Sinatra’s love for music, art, and painting did not get in the way of his second career. He did not make any compromises with his art or his music. Apart from that, Frank Sinatra was one of gambling addicted celebrities. In 1967, his gambling debt was $500,000 at the Sands one night.
2. Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan was an influential singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. When he released his first album, Dylan became the most successful artist at the time. He released many other albums that were successful and won multiple Grammys, Grammy Legend Awards, and a Tony Award. He even appeared in a couple of movies. Later in his career, he turned his energy toward his artistic pursuits. He began painting and writing poetry.
He also wrote songs for others and even composed music. He spent many years working and writing at home and never really retired. His passion has kept him going all these years.
3. Sir Paul McCartney
Sir Paul McCartney is the former lead singer of the group The Beatles. He was born in Scotland and was the youngest of three siblings. His father, James, owned a shoe company called McCartney and Johnson. His parents wanted him to have a nice job in the family business and pushed him to become a doctor or a lawyer. They were disappointed that he would not work in the family business because of other interests.
Paul was the most musical child. He learned to play guitar at the age of three. In 1962, The Beatles were formed, and two years later, they were famous last. Paul left the band in 1969. It was when he and John Lennon began working on music together. They formed the Beatles again and started a career that is still going strong today.
Apart from making music, Paul has a passion for art. He has done a lot of painting over the years. He also painted posters and canvas prints and even made a large painted sailboat for a friend. Most of his projects were non-commercial, and he also did many charity works, such as painting the side of a train for a sick friend.
Prince was an influential musician, songwriter, and artist. You will be very surprised to know that Prince did not get into the music field until he was thirteen. And he soon found himself playing instruments at local nightclubs and other places.
When he was fifteen, he formed The Minneapolis sound and soon released a successful record, which was a sign that he was successful. At that point, Prince began to perform in the music world. He released a record in 1980; by 1983, he was performing and entertaining fans.
It was then that Prince became successful. He released many songs, was an active performer, and even received a Grammy Award for his most popular song. By the 1990s, Prince had become a singer and a songwriter. He even wrote an autobiography and released it in 1999. It has sold over seven million copies.
Prince is one of the most successful recording artists of all time. In 2006, Prince released his twelfth album, and there are still more on the way. He was an important musician, songwriter, and artist. However, music is not the only passion of a musician. Prince was also passionate about playing online games, which help him relax and recharge. If you want to follow the example of a famous musician, then OnlineCasinoGo will help you find the most decent and professional gambling site to your liking.
5. Johnny Cash
Johnny Cash was an American country singer, songwriter, and musician. Johnny was born into a very poor family and often had to help his family make ends meet. When he was eight years old, he was sent to live with his grandmother because his mother could not take care of him. He continued to help his family with the chores until he was fourteen. Then he decided to get a job and worked for $12 a week.
He worked at his first job until he turned sixteen. By then, he had already performed at different nightclubs and bars. He sang country and western songs, and soon he was performing in honky-tonks and other places. Johnny Cash and his wife Vivian would perform on television, and he was well known as a country singer.
The famous artist released his first record in 1953, becoming an overnight success. He started making films and released many other records over the years. Johnny also wrote many songs, and he received many honours. | <urn:uuid:42444bca-8811-49ed-808b-53d33ec62870> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.totalntertainment.com/articles/famous-musicians-their-interesting-hobbies/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571536.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811224716-20220812014716-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.996415 | 1,191 | 2.171875 | 2 |
The latest news from academia, regulators
research labs and other things of interest
Posted: Sep 22, 2015
Characterizing the forces that hold everything together
(Nanowerk News) As molecular-level electronic, photonic and biological devices grow smaller, approaching the nanometer scale, chemists, physicists and materials scientists strive to predict the magnitude of the fundamental intermolecular interactions, and whether new hierarchical combinations of these material components will assemble and function as designed.
Researchers can use this software to calculate van der Waals forces between molecules and meso/nanoscale units, predict molecular organization and evaluate whether new combinations of materials will stick together, thereby facilitating the design of meso/nanoscale self-assembly.
"We open a whole range of insights into deep physics and share it with the scientists who are working on new self-assembled materials," said Roger H. French, the F. Alex Nason Professor of Materials Science and Engineering and faculty director of the Applied Data Science Minor at Case Western Reserve. "The free distribution of the Gecko Hamaker source code and its optical spectra open-data has great utility for design and fabrication of new mesoscale systems."
French's team has been investigating optical properties and van der Waals interactions with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, Basic Energy Sciences. Their latest research based on the Gecko-Hamaker project, is also reported in Langmuir: the calculations of van der Waals interactions between DNA, carbon nanotubes, proteins and inorganic materials.
Simply speaking, van der Waals forces are the intermolecular attractions between atoms, molecules and surfaces that control interactions at the molecular level. The stability of materials are governed by these forces in the meso- and nanoscales.
"In this work, we now provide the ability to determine both van der Waals forces and torques that arise from cylindrical shaped materials or optically anisotropic materials," French said. "Our methods don't only address simple geometries, but also non-isotropic, complicated shapes. Our methodology allows us to address orientation, which is more difficult than simply describing van der Waals forces."
With Nicole F. Steinmetz, assistant professor of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve and colleagues nationally, the lab developed a sophisticated theoretical approach for calculating Hamaker coefficients, interaction free energies, forces, and torques of a wide range of geometries, and have accumulated hundreds of experimental and computational optical data for inorganic and organic materials.
"The open-source project and database are helpful to scientists in a variety of fields," Steinmetz said "In biomolecular engineering, for example, it would be very interesting to run a Gecko Hamaker calculation to predict how virus-like nanoparticles would approach each other or form self-assembly in a medium."
The open-source Gecko Hamaker software project and its online spectral database web-service gives other scientists access to these computational approaches and the open-data of the materials.
As it was being developed, "Gecko Hamaker has been downloaded more than 3,000 times in the past three years," said Yingfang Ma, the CWRU doctoral student who made available the full spectral optical properties of more than 100 materials in the open-data webservice.
Jaime Hopkins, a UMass doctoral student and co-author, said that as a refined open-science project, Gecko Hamaker makes calculations and data transparent to users, and continued user feedback will improve its quality and ease of use while also facilitating reproducibility. | <urn:uuid:a4e22b42-65f8-4326-bea3-76d97c91076d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=41389.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721558.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00044-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911879 | 741 | 2.59375 | 3 |
Published 12:05 am, Tuesday, July 28, 2015
On this date in ...
1915: John and Evelyn Rolfe of Albany were arrested for fighting in the middle of Division Street at 1 a.m. In court the next day, it was revealed the cause of the disagreement: ownership of their four French poodles. In a Solomon-like decision, Judge Brady thought it best to cut the dogs in half — two would be owned by the husband and two by the wife.
1965: The state's war on water pollution was stepped up with the appointment of Assistant Solicitor General Dunton F. Tynan to lead a legal crackdown on individuals, industrial plants and municipal agencies that pollute water resources by dumping sewage and waste. Attorney General Louis J. Lefkowitz said the intensified drive would implement Governor Rockefeller's pure waters program.
1990: The state's Public Health Council, a 14-member advisory council to the state Health Department that deals with public health laws and standards of care for health facilities, gave its approval for the Archdiocese of New York to care for AIDS patients in nursing homes. The approval would result in 266 new AIDS beds at three archdiocese-run nursing homes, but according to a Health Department spokeswoman, New York City would need an estimated 3,000 nursing home beds to care for AIDS patients by the end of 1995.
Want to read more about the Capital Region's past? Have any memories or thoughts about how our history relates to today's events? See http://blog.timesunion.com/history/ | <urn:uuid:3499b5f5-947d-4cb7-8777-b662a61c6466> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Looking-Back-6409005.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00500-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.962148 | 323 | 2.03125 | 2 |
Jessica Griggs of New Scientist posits an interesting theory: that Saddam Hussein deliberately cultivated a public image based to Darth Vader.
You may have heard that when US troops stormed one of Saddam's palaces they stumbled across lurid posters by fantasy artist Rowena Morrill. But did you know that she's a close friend of Boris Vallejo, the artist who drew the iconic poster for The Empire Strikes Back depicting Darth Vader with two lightsabres crossed over his head?
Does the poster's image sound familiar? It is remarkably similar to Saddam's Hands of Victory monument commemorating Iraq's victory over Iran. The arch in central Baghdad consists of two bronze casts of Saddam's forearms holding two 43-metre-long crossed steel swords melted down from the weapons of slain Iraqis; the helmets of vanquished Iranians litter the base of the hands.
On inauguration day in 1989, Saddam rode through the arches on a white horse, declaring "The worst condition is to pass under a sword which is not one's own or to be forced down a path which is not willed by him".
Could this all be coincidence? Perhaps, but you'll be convinced otherwise once you've read about Saddam's private militia's uniform. Before his son, Uday, handed over control of the Fedayeen Sadaam (translation: "Saddam's Men of Sacrifice") to his younger brother he wanted to give his father something to remember his work by. So he presented Saddam with their new uniform: black shirt, black trousers and a ski-mask over which a strikingly Darth Vader-esque helmet was placed. | <urn:uuid:e0a7cbda-abe6-4e24-961c-a27c6c5e5f53> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://locustsandhoney.blogspot.com/2010/02/did-saddam-hussein-model-himself-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954144 | 326 | 2.078125 | 2 |
Some options after a positive test
What is foster care?
Foster care is when a child’s day-to-day care is provided by someone other than the child’s birth parents. This could be for a short time or a long time. Foster care could be needed for a lot of different reasons, including to give the parents a break at a stressful time in their lives.
Foster care describes a care arrangement, and the particular legal arrangement will depend on the circumstances.
How is foster care arranged?
Foster care can be organised through Oranga Tamariki or other service providers and the preference is for a child to be cared for by the child’s wider family, whānau or community.
A quick google search for “foster care providers” will show you a range of potential service providers. You can also contact a Citizens’ Advice Bureau near you for more information.
What legal rights do foster parents have over my child?
Foster parents will be responsible for caring for your child, but they don’t have any legal rights over your child. You remain your child’s legal guardian in most situations.
When foster care is arranged through Oranga Tamariki, the court will make Oranga Tamariki an additional guardian so they can provide day-to-day care of your child. This gives Oranga Tamariki the right to place your child in a foster care arrangement.
If a foster family has had your child in their care for a long period of time they could apply to the court for additional guardianship and for day-to-day care, in place of Oranga Tamariki (this is called “Home for Life”). You would still be a guardian unless the court decided you were no longer fit to be a guardian. The situation has to be very serious for the court to decide to remove someone as a guardian, so this does not happen very often.
Do I have to pay for my child to get foster care?
No. Foster parents appointed by Oranga Tamariki or arranged through a foster care agency are usually paid a government-funded allowance for giving foster care.
If your child is placed in an informal foster care (with family or friends, for example), you will have to work out with the people providing the care whether they expect any payment from you for the care of your child. | <urn:uuid:3f96522e-2c1b-4bdc-8bd5-156a9b77a22d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://communitylaw.org.nz/community-law-manual/pregnancy-rights/some-options-after-a-positive-test/foster-care/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.952675 | 503 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Math 105 - Augmented Quantitative Methods
Fin Math Revision
Differentiation - The Absolute Basics
Dr P. Ewer; 033-260-5607, [email protected] Room F46 Science Block First Floor.
Lecture 1. Numbers Lecture 2. Powers Lecture 3. More Powers Lecture 4. Straight Lines Lecture 5. Supply & Demand Lecture 6. Matrices I
Lecture 7. Matrices II Lecture 8. Matrix Inversion Lecture 9. Gauss Reduction I Lecture 10. Gauss-Jordan Method Lecture 11. Inequalities I Lecture 12. Inequalities II
Lecture 13. Linear Programming Lecture 14. Logs 1. Lecture 15. Logs 2 Lecture 17. Product & Quotient Rules Lecture 18. Chain Rule Lecture 19. Maxima & Minima
Lecture 20. Applications I Lecture 21. Applications II Lecture 22. Marginals Lecture 23. Maxima & Minima, 2 variables Lecture 24. Integration 1
Lecture 25. Definite Integrals Lecture 26. End Integration. Fin Math I Lecture 27. Fin Math II Lecture 28. Differentiation Revision Lecture 29. Fin Math III
Lecture 30. Fin Math IV Lecture 31. Fin Math V
Tutorial Sheet 1. Tutorial Sheet 2. Tutorial Sheet 3. Tutorial Sheet 4. Tutorial Sheet 5. Tutorial Sheet 6. Tutorial Sheet 7. Tutorial Sheet 8.
Tutorial Sheet 9. Tutorial Sheet 10. Tutorial Sheet 11. Tutorial Sheet 12. Tutorial Sheet 13.
Test 1 Short Version
Various Past Tests and Exams.
There is no guarantee that this year's exams and tests will bear any resemblance to the contents of this folder
You are expected to attend lectures regularly. Announcements may be made, from time to time, to give you fresh information about the course, tests or exam. Ignorance of such announcements will not be accepted as an excuse.
Monday 9:35 - 10:20. Chemistry outside lecture theatre
Tuesday 10:30 – 11:15. GEOG L2
Thursday 12:20 – 13:00 NAB211
Tutorials are compulsory. You will be in one of the following tutorial groups. Lists of who is in which group will be posted on the notice board in the Commerce basement by Tuesday.
Wednesday 9:35 – 11:15 C5 Friday 11:25 – 12:20 B6
Wednesday 9:35 – 11:15 B6 Friday 12:30 – 13:15 B6
Tests and Course Mark
There will be three tests
1. March 6, 2. April 18 3. May 16
Venues to be announced.
In addition, there will be quizzes written at the end of some tutorials. The average mark of the quizzes counts as Test 4. Your Course Mark will be the average of your best three test marks (the worst mark will not be considered). Failure to write a test will result in a zero mark for that test; there will be no make up test for anybody.
Duly Performed Certificates
Your DP Mark is the average of your Course Mark for MATH105 and your Course Mark for Math 134, i.e.
DP Mark = (Course Mark for Math 105 + Course Mark for Math 134)/2
In order to obtain the DP certificate (i.e., being granted permission to write the final examination), the following requirements should be met:
(i) your DP Mark must be at least 35%;
(ii) you must attend at least 80 % of your lectures and tutorials.
Exam and Assessment
At the end of the semester, and if granted DP, you will write a 3-hour Math 134/105 examination. (There is no separate Math 105 exam: all Math 105 students write
the Math 134/105 exam only). Your mark from this 3-hour paper will count 67% of your Final Mark, while your DP Mark will count 33%, i.e.,
Final Mark = (DP Mark) × 0:33 + (Math 134=105 Exam Mark) × 0:67:
You will be credited for this course if your Final Mark is at least 50%. | <urn:uuid:e689b8c3-bc3a-44eb-953a-e50961a66440> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.maths.unp.ac.za/coursework/MATH105/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00036-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.764221 | 889 | 2.1875 | 2 |
Have you already conquered the world’s top treks? Already hiked the Inca Trail, made the trek to Everest Base Camp, and scaled Kilimanjaro? Do the Pacific Crest and Appalachian Trails seem passe? Then get ready for a new long distance trekking route set to open in the Himalaya next year, that will challenge even the heartiest of backpackers with its distance and altitude.
Known at the Great Himalaya Trail, this new route will run approximately 2800 miles through some of the most remote and stunningly beautiful locations on the planet. The snow capped peaks of the Himalaya will tower above hikers as they pass through Bhutan, Tibet, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, on a route that will be an epic undertaking from beginning to end.
The trail will begin in Namche Barwa in Tibet and extend all the way to Nanga Parbat in Pakistan. It is estimated that it will take roughly 150 days to hike the GHT from end to end, although it will also be broken up into seven sections, which can be completed in 18 to 35 days depending on which segment a trekker elects to do. Much of the route will be inaccessible by road, but will instead pass through remote villages that will allow for resupply, while giving backpackers a chance to immerse themselves in the unique and fascinating local cultures.
Distance isn’t the only consideration for those looking to complete the GHT. Altitude will be an ever present challenge, with the trail climbing through high passes and along mountain routes in excess of 18,000 feet. Weather will also be a constant threat, with the chance of heavy snow a possibility at nearly any time of the year, and a freak blizzard could potentially close the route for a number of days. Political relations between the nations through which the trail passes are, at times, a bit tenuous as well, meaning that the route could be shut down along disputed borders.
To date, only the route through Nepal is complete, although work continues in each of the other countries in an effort to be ready by February 15 of next year, when the first trek, led by adventure travel company World Expeditions will get underway. Those interested in joining the inaugural trek can book the entire route or one of the seven subsections now, although space is limited and demand is expected to be high. Trekking the route independently is being discouraged at the moment due to the number of permits and visas that are required.
For Nepal, the Great Himalaya Trail is an opportunity to expand the options for adventure travelers who already visit the country in droves. But for the other four countries along the Great Himalaya Trail, the new trekking route gives them a chance to begin to tap more fully into the growing adventure travel market that has, for the most part, eluded them. With the travel industry looking to rebound this year, the hope is that in 2011, long distance trekkers will be ready to take on this new route, and bolster their struggling economies in the process. | <urn:uuid:a682ab5b-2803-4a1d-b83e-94d4b0aa0c34> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://gadling.com/2010/02/22/new-epic-trekking-route-set-to-open-in-the-himalaya-in-2011/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00126-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947997 | 621 | 2.03125 | 2 |
A gentle intro to a life-long love of nature & fly-fishing. The heartwarming journey of a young boy named Trout-tail showing you everything there is to love about fly-fishing. Peaceful river scenes & playful wording tied together with the images of a child engaging in a grown up world. Color photos & graphics; 8x9 inches, 40 pgs.
Fly-Fishing with Trout-tail offers a gentle introduction to a life-long love of nature, care-taking of the outdoors and fly-fishing. It takes you on the heartwarming journey of a young boy named Trout-tail showing you everything there is to love about fly-fishing. It has peaceful river scenes and playful wording tied together with the images of a child engaging in a grown up world.
The author, K. H. Lucas, has illustrated the book with digital photography, colorful graphics and playful cutout images. The woodsy outdoor scenery is from Michigan, the Adirondacks, upstate New York and Ontario, Canada.
Like Stranger in the Woods, this book is part of an emerging new genre of photo-illustrated books for children. They offer colorful visual imagery and thoughtful communication to readers of all ages.
It has something for everyone ? including hidden flies throughout the book for pre-schoolers to enjoy!
As a gentle introduction to fly-fishing, it exposes readers, young and old, to the gear and terms while showing that fly-fishing is more than catching fish and that kids can fly-fish too!
This book speaks to kids with honesty and respect while instilling an overall sense of the depth and beauty of the sport.
WHAT THE EXPERTS ARE SAYING:
"This is, by far, the best flyfishing book for young folks that we've encountered. With wonderful simplicity, a sweet story, great photos and fun graphics, Ms. Lucas reveals the 'essence' of flyfishing so well that we have given it to many of our 'adult' flyfishing students and friends. They always look up at the end and say "oh, yes... that's really what it's all about." We recommend this book highly to all ages and stages of flyfishers, and especially to those young ones in your life."
Dave & Emily Whitlock Whitlock Flyfishing School - Midway, Arkansas
?My dad put a fishing pole in my hands when I was eight years old and it changed my life,? Carl says. ?Fly-Fishing with Trout-tail brought me back to my childhood, bringing back fond memories of those special moments growing up.?
?It?s a gentle book that teaches a deep appreciation for the joy and wonder of the natural world from a child?s perspective,? says Jean Stoick.
Carl R. Sams II and Jean Stoick,
award-winning creators of Stranger in the Woods
?Fly-Fishing with Trout-tail has captured the essence of fly fishing for kids and adults -- the wonder of discovery, the joy of angling, and time spent on the water alone and with others. The pictures are excellent with vibrant colors and really tell a story of their own. It is an excellent book about kids and fly fishing. My kids and I really enjoyed it.? Dan Josephson ? Fly-fishing father of 4 young anglers and Research Associate - Cold Water Fish Management, Cornell University
"It's awesome, even if you don't fish!"
"My 4 year old loves to find the hidden flies and to hear the 'circle song'!"
"Fly-Fishing with Trout-tail should accompany every first fly-rod!" | <urn:uuid:61ce71fa-b62f-4052-b4ad-80baa891665c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.flyshack.com/DisplayBook.aspx?ItemID=104026 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00161-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.926608 | 758 | 1.75 | 2 |
Despite much talk of the importance of overhauling Europe’s labour markets during the past few years, serious action is still “rare”, according to a study on labour market reform published by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) earlier this month.
The widening gap between gross domestic product (GDP) levels in the US and the EU is, the study claims, a result of slowing worker productivity in Europe since the mid-1990s and weak employment rates. In some member states, such as
Austria, Belgium, France and Luxembourg, there are strong disincentives to stay at work past the age of 55 because of the way that the pension system works. In others, such as Denmark and Sweden, disability programmes are actually used as a way of retiring for a significant percentage of the population.
The OECD study says that German Chancellor Gerhard Schröder’s Agenda 2010 programme is a “useful step in the right direction”. The programme aims to lower benefit levels for the long-term unemployed as well as reduce the period for which the unemployed are eligible for such benefits. But Germany’s voters have not embraced it and Schröder’s Social Democrat Party may yet pay the electoral price.
Other member states, the report says, have taken more tentative steps. Austria, France, Finland, Germany, Italy and Portugal, for example, have reformed either their pension systems or their early retirement schemes, which should see people staying in the job market for longer.
Some member states (Ireland, the Netherlands, the UK, Denmark and France) have extended or introduced reforms to cover labour taxes or unemployment benefit, raised work incentives for the low-paid, or combined ‘in-work benefits’ such as income tax credits with a reduction in employers’ social security contributions.
But, the OECD argues, though these measures increase employment in the sectors of society targeted, they risk raising effective marginal tax rates in those income areas where in-work benefits are withdrawn, which can lead to an overall decline in hours worked.
The solution, the organisation claims, is for governments to ensure that they boost employers’ demand for labour at the same time as making it more attractive to work, for example by loosening employment protection laws found in the Czech Republic, France, Greece and Portugal, which make it harder to hire and fire staff. It also recommends that some governments, such as Italy and Spain, change their centralised wage negotiation process to make sure that wages reflect productivity. | <urn:uuid:da3aee31-1559-4b71-8a89-2cd1d1b81430> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.politico.eu/article/europe-lags-behind-as-production-slows-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718426.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00137-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964993 | 521 | 2.296875 | 2 |
Mick Jagger (FS II.144)
MICK JAGGER 144
Mick Jagger 144 was painted while Warhol was at the height of his fame. Warhol spent a lot of time with Jagger and his then wife Bianca. He was closest to their daughter, Jade, whom Andy taught how to paint. He produced this screenprint of Mick Jagger as part of a portfolio of ten in 1975.
MICK JAGGER 144 AS PART OF ANDY WARHOL’S LARGER BODY OF WORK
Mick Jagger 144 is one of several pieces that Andy Warhol did on Mick Jagger. In 1969 The Rolling Stones worked on their ninth studio album Sticky Fingers. The band approached Andy Warhol and asked him to design its sleeve. Warhol agreed and received a letter from Mick Jagger that included a polite warning not to make the cover too complex to avoid problems during production. Warhol ignored Jagger’s warning and went on to produce an unforgettable cover that featured a close-up shot of actor and Warhol Superstar Joe Dallesandros. | <urn:uuid:ddc2a236-7368-4edb-a8a0-10dd1808b10f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.globalarttraders.com/artwork/38737/mick_jagger_fs_ii_144_by_andy_warhol/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571950.76/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813111851-20220813141851-00670.warc.gz | en | 0.971641 | 230 | 1.765625 | 2 |
Yesterday was Day Four of the five-day camp I'm running at Fairhill Elementary School in Fairfax, Virginia, with 14 players, ages 6 to 12. (John and Wen Hsu are assistant coaches, with Wen the administrator.) The focus yesterday was footwork (as usual), serving, and lots and lots of smashing. We also did a lot of relay races.
After four days of camp, all 14 of the kids can hit forehands and backhands pretty well, at least in multiball. All can smash, push, and move side to side. Most can put spin on their serves. I think I've put more emphasis in this camp on smashing and serves, and the players are well ahead on those two aspects. All were beginners when we started on Monday, though some had been playing on their own.
When I do multiball forehand smash training, I like to do two players at a time. One stands on the forehand side, the other on the backhand side. The one on the forehand side starts, smashing three forehands in a row, one from the forehand side, one from the backhand side, and one from the forehand side. After the third shot he steps back, and the other player gets three smashes, one from the backhand side, one from the forehand side, and one from the backhand side. Then he steps back, and we repeat with the other player. The drill is continuous, so the players get lots of smashing and footwork practice. If I have a lot of players, I'll do three or more players at a time, with the players smashing forehands from the backhand and then forehand side, and then circling back to the end of the line as the next player gets two smashes. There are many variations, such as smashing on the forehand side and then backhand side, or mixing in backhand smashes, or even doing the "2-1" drill, with the players hitting a backhand from the backhand side, then a forehand from the backhand side, then a forehand from the forehand side, and then rotating to the end of the line.
Sometimes a simple suggestion cures a problem. One kid was having difficulty timing his forehand - over and over he'd start too soon or too late, and end up with wild swats and lunges. I suggested he start his forward swing right as the ball hit the table, and presto! Instant success. Another couldn't get spin on his serve because he kept patting at the ball. I reminded him that serving with spin is a violent motion, and that if you want the ball to spin 100 mph, you have to get the racket to move 100 mph. Within minutes he was serving serious backspins that often stopped over the table, with a couple even coming back into the net.
I brought out the serving bar so they could practice serving low. (This is an adjustable bar that goes over the net. Here's a picture of it set high, and here's a picture of it set low. John Olsen made this for our club. It has about ten height settings.) The kids had a great time trying to serve under the lowest setting - they insisted on that one. Even I hit the bar about 1/3 of the time with that setting. I also brought out the soccer-colored balls for more spin feedback on serves. Besides spin serves we also practice fast serves.
I spent the last 20 minutes of the day serving to the kids, who lined up to try to return them. I'd call out where their returns would go in advance, even having kids take turns standing to the side and catching the returns off my sidespin serves. Then I started telling them what they had to do to return them, and some of them were able to make some returns. I also threw in a lot of "trick" serves - backspin serves that bounced back and over the net, under-the-leg serves, fast serves, "blowing serves" (where I'd serve high but then run to the side of the table and blow the ball sideways or back into the net on the opponent's side), and about a dozen others. I also threw in a few 50-foot serves from the side.
Zhang Jike: The Two-Toned Ball is Okay
Plastic Ball Reviews from Professionals
Here's the article, with reviews from five world-class players.
Hong Kong Cadet and Junior Open
100-Day Countdown to Change in the ITTF's Presidency
Former USATT President Sheri Pittman Cioroslan is doing an article every day during the last 100 days of Adham Sharara's ITTF presidency, counting downwards from 100. Previous ones are linked from the USATT News page, as well as in my past blogs. Seventy-six down, 24 to go!
- Day 25: Alison Burchell Hopes to See the ITTF Become the Best Integrated IF
Athletes in Excellence
Here's the info page. "The Athletes in Excellence Award from The Foundation for Global Sports Development recognizes exceptional athletes who uphold the values of good sportsmanship and fair play on the field as well as off the field. Do you know of an athlete who spends countless hours volunteering their skills and time to better the lives of others? Submit your nomination to The Foundation for Global Sports Development, and share the athlete’s good deeds around the world. A total of ten athletes (five international and five domestic) will be awarded unrestricted grants each in the amount of $10,000. Award winners will be announced in fall of 2014."
Three Amazing Points
Here's the video (1:54). Ding Ning vs. Seo Hyowon, Ma Long vs. Jun Mazutani, and Ma Long vs. Fan Zhendong.
Casts of Hot in Cleveland and Glee Play Ping Pong
Doug McDermott vs. Nick Johnson - NBA Basketball Players Play TT
Here's the article, with a link to a 16-sec video.
World Series of Beer Pong
Here's the info page. Oh Jeez!!!
Ulf Carlsson Playing with Racket in Pants
Here's the video (20 sec) of the 1985 World Men's Doubles Champion (with Mikael Appelgren).
Cat Playing Table Tennis
It's been a while since I've shown a video of a cat playing table tennis, so here's one (26 sec) that's probably the best pong-playing cat I've seen on video. We'll ignore that he's standing on the table, touching the net, has no racket, and isn't wearing legal attire.
Non-TT: Top Ten Ways for Orioles Fans to Cope with a Winning Team
After 14 consecutive losing seasons (1998-2011), the fans of the Baltimore Orioles pretty much got used to losing. They have begun winning the last three years, but many fans are still not used to this weird thing called "winning." So here is my Top Ten List for how they can cope - published at Orioles Hangout. (Here's the thread on their forum where a few are discussing the list.)
Send us your own coaching news! | <urn:uuid:c38ccad8-72d2-4649-8e8f-6e5f598e14ea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.tabletenniscoaching.com/node/1888 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00673.warc.gz | en | 0.965445 | 1,492 | 1.554688 | 2 |
Author: Ho, C. and Hensher, D.A. (2015)
Journal: In Fahimnia, B., Bell, M., Hensher, D.A and Sarkis J. (eds.), Green Logistics and Transportation: A Sustainable Supply Chain Perspective, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland
Keywords: Trip chains, Travel activity, CO2 emission, Transport modes, Tour complexity, Green travel demand
It is well known that a significant amount to passenger trip activity involves multiple modes, destinations and trip purposes. For example, with multi-worker households, we observe a car commuter taking a child to a child care centre en route to work and also dropping their partner off at another location such as a railway station. This example is one of many trip chain configurations that represent the complexity of travel activity, and which have important implications on how we represent travel demand in transport planning models. What is not well understood is the impact that trip chaining has on greening the demand chain. We are unaware of any studies that have investigated the greening of passenger demand chains associated with the complexity of trip chains. This chapter uses the Sydney Household Travel Survey and an econometric model to identify the impact that the changing nature of trip chains has on CO2 emission. Results suggest that trip chains were stable in Sydney over a period of 15-year from 1997/98 to 2011/12. Emissions saving from chaining multiple activities into a single chain were found to vary between 5 and 19 % depending on whether the mode of travel is car, bus, or train. | <urn:uuid:7f5c09cf-5822-42c2-abee-2dcd711da014> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.brt.cl/greening-demand-chains-in-urban-passenger-transport-emission-savings-from-complex-trip-chains/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00066.warc.gz | en | 0.941145 | 319 | 2.171875 | 2 |
General George Washington was with his little army near Fort Lee on the Jersey shore. He was soon disturbed by Lord Cornwallis, who, early on the morning of the 20th of November, 1776 crossed the Hudson from Dobb's Ferry to Closter's Landing, five miles above Fort Lee, and with artillery climbed a steep, rocky road to the top of the Palisades, unobserved by Greene. That officer was told of his danger by a farmer, who awoke him from slumber. Greene gave warning to Washington, who ordered Lee to cross the Hudson immediately and join him. Greene fled in haste from Fort Lee, with two thousand men, leaving behind cannon, tents, stores and camp equipage, and barely escaping capture. Washington covered the retreat of the garrison so effectually, that less than one hundred stragglers were made prisoners.
It was now suspected that the British would move on Philadelphia. Washington, with his army led by himself and reduced to less than four thousand men, marched toward the Delaware to impede the progress of the invader as much as possible. His force decreased at almost every step. The patriotism of New Jersey seemed to be paralyzed by the presence of a British army on the soil. Hundreds of republicans--even men who had been active in the patriot cause--signed a pledge of fidelity to the British crown. During the twelve days that Washington was making his way to the Delaware, so closely pursued by Cornwallis that the rear-guard of the Americans often heard the music of the van-guard of the royal troops, he was chilled by the seeming indifference of the people. He halted at points as long as possible, for Lee to join him and so give him strength to make a stand against his pursuers; but that officer, assuming that his was an independent command, paid no attention to the order of his superior. He was then evidently playing a desperate game of treason. Daily messages to him, urging him to push forward with his troops, did not affect him. He lingered long on the Hudson, until many of his soldiers had left him and gone home; and he tried to induce Heath to weaken his force in the Highlands by assigning for duty under Lee, two thousand of his men. Failing in this, he moved slowly as far in the rear of Washington as possible; and finally (eleven days after the chief had reached the Delaware), he took lodgings at Baskingridge in East Jersey, three miles from his camp, and nearer the enemy. There, on the morning of the 13th of December, he suffered himself to be captured by a small British scout.
Lee had habitually treated Washington with superciliousness; and in letters to Gates and others, who would applaud his utterances, he would speak with contempt of the commander-in-chief as "not a heaven-born genius," and words of like import. He had just finished a letter to Gates when the scout appeared, in which he wrote most falsely: "A certain great man is most damnably deficient He has thrown me into a situation where I have my choice of difficulties; if I stay in this province, I risk myself and army; and if I do not stay, the province is lost forever," and so on. This letter was not folded when the scout came and summoned Lee to surrender. He went out unarmed, bareheaded, in slippers, without a coat, in a blanket cloak, his shirt-collar open and his linen much soiled, and gave himself up. In this plight he was hurried on horseback to the camp of Cornwallis, and was afterward sent to New York. Sullivan, who was next in command, took charge of the troops and pushed on to the Delaware. Had Lee obeyed the orders of Washington, Cornwallis could not have penetrated New Jersey further than Newark, for the disobedient officer had four thousand troops under his command when he crossed the Hudson, and might have joined Washington with them in less than three days.
On the evening of the 1st of December, Washington fled from New Brunswick after destroying a part of the bridge over the Raritan there, and engaging in a contest with cannon with his pursuers. It was understood that Howe, who was about to send a part of his army to take possession of Rhode Island, had instructed Cornwallis not to pursue further than the Raritan. So Washington left Lord Stirling at Princeton with twelve hundred men, and with the remainder of his little army (the New Jersey and Maryland brigades had just left him), pushed on to the Delaware, at Trenton. Having sent his baggage, stores, and sick across the river into Pennsylvania, he turned back to oppose the further progress of Cornwallis, when, on the morning of the 6th, he met Stirling flying before a greatly superior force. Howe had sent troops under General Clinton to Rhode Island, borne by the ships of Sir Peter Parker, and with a considerable force had now joined Cornwallis; making an army four thousand strong. With these they were pressing on toward the Delaware. Washington was compelled to turn back and seek safety, with his little army, beyond the river. He crossed that stream on the 8th, and before the arrival of the British on its banks, he had seized or destroyed every boat on its waters and those of its tributaries, along a line of seventy miles.
Philadelphia was now trembling for its own safety. The Congress, in whom there was a growing distrust in the public mind, were uneasy. Leading republicans hesitated to go further. Only Washington, who, at the middle of December, when frost was rapidly creating a bridge across the Delaware over which his pursuers might pass, had not more than a thousand soldiers on whom he could rely, seemed hopeful. When asked what he would do if Philadelphia should be taken, he replied: "We will retreat beyond the Susquehanna River, and thence, if necessary, to the Alleghany mountains." He had already conceived the masterly stroke which sent a thrill of joy and hope through the desponding heart of America, and toward that end he worked. He sent Putnam to cast up defences around Philadelphia, and stimulated the Congress to vigorous action. They sent forth a strong appeal to the people. A thorough reorganization of the army was begun according to the plan adopted by the Congress. There was to be one grand army, composed of eighty battalions of seven hundred and fifty men each, to be raised in the several States. Liberal bounties were offered to soldiers who should re-enlist, and a loan of ten million dollars from France was authorized. Placing almost unlimited control of Philadelphia in the hands of Putnam, Congress, on the 12th (December, 1776), resolved to leave that city and retire to Baltimore, at the same time delegating their powers to a committee composed of Robert Morris, George Clymer, and George Walton to act in their behalf during their absence. On their departure the loyalists became bold, and there was much danger of a counter revolution in favor of the crown.
Informed that nearly all the Pennsylvanians were loyalists, and looking with contempt upon the scattered forces of Washington in that State, Cornwallis had cantoned his troops in a careless manner in the vicinity of the Delaware, left them in charge of General Grant, and returned to New York. So confident were the British leaders of their ability to capture Philadelphia at any time, and end the rebellion by that single blow, that Cornwallis was preparing to go to England, when events called him back to New Jersey.
Lee's division under Sullivan, and some regiments from Ticonderoga under Gates, joined Washington on the 21st of December. Inducements offered for re-enlistments had retained nearly one-half of the veterans. The Pennsylvania militia cheerfully responded to the call for help, and on the day before Christmas, Washington found himself at the head of an army between five and six thousand in number. He now felt strong enough to execute a plan which he had conceived, for surprising and capturing a force of the enemy stationed at Trenton, fifteen hundred in number, composed chiefly of Hessian troops under Colonel Rall. Washington expected the Germans, as was their custom, would have a carousal on Christmas day, and he fixed upon the succeeding night as a favorable time for crossing the Delaware, and falling upon them during their heavy slumbers before the dawn. Rall, in his pride, had said: "What need of intrenchments? Let the rebels come; we will at them with the bayonet;" and he made the fatal mistake of not placing a single cannon in battery.
At twilight on the appointed evening, Washington had two thousand men at McConkey's Ferry (now Taylorsville), a few miles above Trenton, with boats of every kind to transport them across the river, then filled with masses of thickening ice, for the weather was very cold. With him were Generals Sterling, Sullivan, Greene, Mercer, Stephen, and Knox, the latter (commissioned brigadier-general two days afterward) in command of artillerists, and about twenty pieces of cannon. Arrangements had been made for simultaneous movements against other British cantonments, especially one from Bristol, with about ten thousand men, which Gates was directed to lead. With wilful disobedience, in imitation of Lee, Gates refused the duty, turned his back on Washington on Christmas eve, and rode on toward Baltimore to intrigue in Congress for Schuyler's place in the Northern Department.
The perilous voyage across the Delaware amid the floating ice was begun early in the evening, and it was four o'clock in the morning before the troops stood in marching order, with all their cannon, on the New Jersey shore. The current was swift, the ice was thickly strewn in it, and the night was dark, for toward midnight a storm of snow and sleet set in. The army moved in two columns--one led by Sullivan along the road nearest the river, and the other commanded by Washington, accompanied by Generals Stirling, Greene, Mercer, and Stephen. It was broad daylight when they approached Trenton, but they were undiscovered until they reached the picket lines on the outskirts of the village. The firing that followed awakened Rall and his troops, who were hardly recovered from their night's debauch. The colonel was soon at the head of his men in battle order, but reeled like a man half asleep. A sharp conflict ensued, lasting only thirty-five minutes, when the Hessians were defeated and dispersed, and Colonel Rall was mortally wounded. The main body of his troops attempted to escape by the Princeton road, when they were intercepted by Colonel Hand. The affrighted Germans threw down their arms and begged for mercy. Some British light-horse and infantry at Trenton escaped to Bordentown.
The victory for the Americans was complete. It would have been more decisive had the co-operating parties been able to perform their duties. They could not; and Washington won all the glory of the victory which greatly inspirited the patriots. In the engagements the Americans did not lose a single man, and had only two--William Washington (afterward distinguished in the South) and James Monroe (afterward President of the United States)--who were slightly wounded. The spoils of victory were almost a thousand prisoners, twelve hundred small arms, six brass field-pieces, and all the German standards. The triumphant army re-crossed the Delaware at McConkey's Ferry, and before midnight of the day of victory were back to their encampment.
This bold stroke of the American general puzzled and amazed the British leaders, alarmed the Tories, and dissipated the terror which had been felt in the presence of the Hessians, as invincible troops. The faltering militia soon flocked to the standard of Washington, and many of the soldiers, who were about to leave the American camp, re-enlisted. Cornwallis was sent back to New Brunswick, where General Grant was in command of the main British army in New Jersey, and the other cantonments in that province were broken up and the troops concentrated toward Trenton. Grant moved forward to Princeton, and Washington, who had resolved to attempt to drive the British out of New Jersey, boldly recrossed the river to the eastern side, and took post with his army at Trenton, on the 30th of December, 1776. The Congress, sitting at Baltimore, had invested him with powers almost equal to those of a Roman Dictator, for six months, authorizing him to reorganize his army; appoint all officers below brigadier-general; to make requisitions for subsistence and enforce them with arms, and to arrest the disaffected. Intending to remain on the eastern side of the Delaware, he announced to the Congress, while his army was crossing that stream, his intention "to pursue the enemy and try to beat up their quarters;" and he directed McDougall and Maxwell to collect troops at Morristown, as a place of refuge in case he should need one.
The low condition of the military chest would not allow Washington to pay the bounties agreed to be given, at the appointed time, and the commander-in-chief wrote to Robert Morris, the great financier of the Revolutionary period, for an immediate supply of hard money. The Congress had just resolved to issue bills to the amount of five million dollars immediately, but the credit of that body was then very low, even John Dickenson refusing to take the Continental money. The credit of Robert Morris was high, and confidence in him was unbounded. The sum asked for was large, and the financier was perplexed with doubts of his ability to obtain it. In a despondent mood he left his counting-room at a late hour, musing, as he walked in the street, on the subject of the requisition, when he met a wealthy member of the Society of Friends, who, at that time, were generally of the Tory faith in politics. To this Friend, Morris made known his wants. "Robert, what security canst thou give?" asked the Quaker. "My note and my honor," Morris replied. "Thou shalt have it," the Friend answered, and the next day Morris wrote to Washington: "I was up early this morning to dispatch a supply of fifty thousand dollars to your Excellency." Washington, in acknowledging its receipt, wrote that he had engaged a number of the eastern troops to stay six weeks beyond their term of enlistment, upon giving a bounty of ten dollars. "This, I know," wrote Washington, "is a most extravagant price when compared with the time of service;" but he thought it "no time to stand upon trifles."
The main army of Americans, about five thousand strong, were encamped on the south side of the Assanpink Creek at Trenton, when, toward evening on the 2nd of January (1777), Cornwallis approached from Princeton with a superior force of British regulars. They had engaged in a series of skirmishes on the way, and followed the Americans, who had attacked them, to the margin of the Assanpink. After trying to pass the guarded fords of that stream, they halted and lighted fires; and Cornwallis rested that night with the full assurance that he would make an easy conquest of the republican army the next day. "I will catch the fox in the morning," said the Earl to Sir William Erskine, who urged him to make an attack that night.
Washington's army were now in a very critical situation. A council of war was held, when it was decided to withdraw stealthily, at midnight, take a circuitous route to Princeton, gain the rear of the British and beat up their quarters there, and then fall upon their stores at New Brunswick. But the ground, on account of a thaw, was too soft to allow an easy transit for their forty pieces of cannon. This gave Washington much anxiety. While the council was in session, the wind turned to the northwest, the temperature suddenly fell, and by midnight the ground was frozen as hard as a pavement. Along the front of the American camp, fires had been lighted, and the British supposed the republicans were slumbering. Great was their surprise, multiplication and alarm, when, at dawn, they discovered that the American camp-fires were still burning but the army had departed, none knew whither. All was silent and dreary on the south side of the Assanpink, when suddenly there came upon the keen wintry air, from the direction of Princeton, the low booming of cannon. Although it was a cold winter's morning, Cornwallis thought the sound was the rumbling of distant thunder. The quicker all of Erskine decided that it was the noise of artillery, and exclaimed: "To arms, general! Washington has outgeneralled us. Let us fly to the rescue at Princeton!"
The American army, after sending their baggage to Burlington, had marched from Trenton at one o'clock in the morning of the 3d, leaving patrols to make their accustomed rounds and men to keep the camp-fires blazing until near the dawn, when they hurried after the retreating army. By a circuitous march the troops reached the neighborhood of Princeton below sunrise. Crossing Stony Brook, the main army wheeled to the right to have a back road to Princeton, while General Mercer, with about three hundred and fifty men, was sent to break down another bridge that spanned the stream. Two regiments of Colonel Mawhood's brigade had just started to join Cornwallis at Trenton, and the one in advance, led by the colonel in person, accompanied by three companies of dragoons, first discovered Mercer. The two parties, whose numbers were about equal, tried to gain a vantage ground upon an eminence near. Each had two field-pieces; and a sharp engagement was begun by Mawhood by attacking Mercer with his cannon. The firing was returned with spirit by Captain Neal with his two pieces, while Mercer's riflemen sent deadly volleys from behind a hedge fence. They were soon furiously attacked with British bayonets, and fled in disorder, the enemy pursuing, until, on the brow of a hill, they discovered the American regulars and Pennsylvania militia, under Washington, marching to the support of Mercer. In trying to rally the troops, Colonel Haslet of Delaware, and Captains Neal and Fleming, were killed, and General Mercer, whose horse had been disabled under him, was knocked down by a British clubbed musket, mortally wounded and left for dead.
Just at that moment Washington appeared, checked the flight of the fugitives, and intercepted the march of the other British regiment. He was assisted by the fire of Moulder's artillery placed in battery. When Mawhood saw Washington riding from column to column and bringing order out of confusion, he halted, and, drawing up his artillery, charged and attempted in vain to seize Moulder's guns. The Pennsylvania militia, who were first in line, began to waver at this onset, when Washington, to encourage them and set an example for all his troops, rode to the forefront of danger. For a moment he was hidden by the smoke of the musketry on both sides, and a shiver of dread lest he was slain, ran through the army; when he appeared, unhurt, a shout of joy rent the air. At that moment Colonel Hitchcock came up with a fresh force, and Hand's riflemen were turning the British left, when Mawhood ordered a retreat. His troops (the Seventieth regiment) field across the snow-covered fields and over the fences, up Stony Brook, leaving two brass field-pieces behind them. The Fifty-fifth regiment, which had attempted to reinforce them, were pressed back by the New England troops under Stark, Poor, Patterson, Reed and others, and were joined in their flight toward New Brunswick by the Fortieth, who had not taken much part in the action. A portion of a British regiment remained in the strong, stone-built Nassau Hall of the College at Princeton, which had been used for barracks. Washington brought cannon to bear upon the building, and the troops within soon surrendered. One of the cannon-balls entered a window and passed through the head of a portrait of George the Second in a frame that hung on the wall of the Prayer-room. A full-length portrait of Washington by Peale, now occupies that frame.
In this short but sharp battle, the British loss in killed, wounded and prisoners, was about four hundred and thirty. That of the Americans was light, excepting in officers. Colonels Haslet and Potter, Major Morris and Captains Shippen, Fleming and Neal, were slain. General Mercer was taken to a house near by, where he was tenderly nursed by a Quaker maiden and a colored woman at the house of Thomas Clarke. There he died nine days afterward in the arms of Major George Lewis, a nephew of Washington.
Return to Our Country, Vol II | <urn:uuid:31b2ced0-c8fa-4741-8517-895171b37755> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.publicbookshelf.com/public_html/Our_Country_vol_2/georgewas_je.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00406-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.98615 | 4,342 | 3.234375 | 3 |
Published on July 7th, 2016 | by Zuzanna Stanska
We Need To Talk Why This Is The Most Expensive Painting Of All Times
What is the most expensive painting of all times? Of course it is The Sistine Madonna by the Renaissance master, Raphael Santi. You’re shocked, aren’t you? Not a van Gogh? Not a Picasso, not a Gauguin? Some Madonna with Child? Why?
Well, for many the Sistine Madonna was hypnotising. Friedrich Nietzsche called her “the vision of the future wife” – that’s actually quite a funny one. Johann Wolfgang Goethe revered her as the “queen of all mankind.” Thomas Mann praised her as “my greatest experience in the art of painting.” She is the last Raphael work who died tragically at the age of 37 in the love bed of his mistress, La Fornarina – but it is not the story for today.
Let’s move to 1754, when the king Augustus III of Poland wanted to get The Sistine Madonna for Saxony. At the beginning of the year 1752, the court of Saxony began to negotiate with the Italian monks who owned the masterpiece to purchase the picture. The monks were suffering from financial difficulties so the whole operation should go easily. After some negotiations, the final agreement was reached and the picture was sold to the court of Saxony for the price of 25,000 scudi in the year 1754.
How much is it now? For 25,000 scudi in 1754 one could build a whole district of a town in that era. Even to this day such an exorbitant amount of money has never been paid for a picture. This is a true art devotion! | <urn:uuid:f3675df0-3904-42ce-8dd5-aabd0b4e17b0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dailyartdaily.com/most-expensive-painting/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00124-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.965217 | 369 | 2.140625 | 2 |
While finding no need for additional regulation of financial planners at this time, the GAO recommended that the SEC incorporate into its ongoing review of financial literacy among investors an assessment of the extent to which investors understand the titles and designations used by financial planners, GAO found confusion here, and any implications a lack of understanding may have for consumers’ investment decisions. In a study mandated by Section 919C of Dodd-Frank, the GAO also urged the SEC to collaborate with state securities regulators to identify methods to better understand the extent of problems specifically involving financial planners and financial planning services, and take actions to address any problems that are identified.
The study found that existing statutes and regulations appear to cover the great majority of financial planning services, and individual financial planners nearly always fall under one or more regulatory regimes. The SEC has issued guidance that broadly interprets the Investment Advisers Act to apply to most financial planners because the advisory services they offer clients typically include providing advice about securities for compensation. Similarly, the states take a similar approach on the application of investment adviser laws to financial planners and, as a result, generally register and oversee financial planners as investment advisers. Moreover, financial planners that provide brokerage services are subject to broker-dealer regulation at the federal and state levels.
In addition, under Section 1011 of Dodd-Frank, the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection regulates the offering and provision of consumer financial products or services under the federal consumer financial laws. Dodd-Frank defines a financial product or service to include financial advisory services to consumers on individual financial matters, with the exception of advisory services related to securities provided by a person regulated by the SEC or a state securities commission to the extent that such person acts in a regulated capacity. Thus, in GAO’s view, the Bureau may have jurisdiction over financial planners to the extent that they may offer services that would not be under the jurisdiction of the SEC or a state securities commission.
With all this in mind, the GAO concluded that, while no single law governs the broad array of activities in which financial planners may engage, an additional layer of regulation specific to financial planners is not warranted at this time. At the same time, more robust enforcement of existing laws could strengthen oversight efforts. In addition, there are some actions that can be taken that may help address consumer protection issues associated with the oversight of financial planners.
The GAO is concerned about investor confusion over the different titles used by individuals who provide financial planning services, such as financial planner, financial consultant, and financial adviser. GAO noted that Section 917 of Dodd-Frank requires the SEC to conduct a study identifying the existing level of financial literacy among retail investors, including the most useful and understandable relevant information that they need to make informed financial decisions before engaging a financial intermediary.
While the section does not specifically mention the issue of financial planners’ titles and designations, GAO believes that the confusion over titles used by financial planners could potentially be addressed or mitigated if the SEC incorporated this issue into its overall review of financial literacy among investors. SEC staff told GAO that their review would not likely address this issue, although it would address such things as the need for conducting background checks on financial professionals. Financial markets function best when consumers have information sufficient to understand and assess financial service providers and products, noted GAO, and so including financial planners’ use of titles and designations in the SEC’s financial literacy review could provide useful information on the implications of consumers’ confusion on this issue
The GAO study also found that the SEC has limited information on the extent to which the activities of financial planners may be causing consumers harm. While the Commission does record and track whether federal and state-registered investment adviser firms provide financial planning services, said GAO, its data tracking systems for complaints, examination results, and enforcement actions are not programmed to readily track whether the complaint, result, or action was specifically related to a financial planner or financial planning service.
For example, the SEC staff told GAO that the number of complaints about financial planners would be undercounted in their data system that receives and tracks public inquiries, known as the Investor Response Information System, because this code would likely be used only if it could not be identified whether the person or firm was an investment adviser or broker-dealer. In addition, the data system that the SEC uses to record examination results, known as the Super Tracking and Reporting System, does not allow the agency to identify and extract examination results specific to the financial planning services of investment advisers.
However, SEC staff told GAO that a review of its Investor Response Information System identified 51 complaints or inquiries that had been recorded using their code for issues related to “financial planners” between November 2009 and October 2010, often involving allegations of unsuitable investments or fraud. The SEC staff also said that they did not have comprehensive data on the extent of enforcement activities related to financial planners per se.
In addition, NASAA said that states generally do not track enforcement data specific to financial planners. At GAO’s request, the SEC and NASAA provided examples of enforcement actions related to individuals who held themselves out as financial planners. Using a keyword search, the SEC identified 10 such formal enforcement actions between August 2009 and August 2010. According to SEC documents, these cases involved allegations of such activities as defrauding clients through marketing schemes, receiving kickbacks without making proper disclosures, and misappropriation of client funds. Although NASAA also did not have comprehensive data on enforcement activities involving financial planners, representatives provided GAO with examples of 36 actions brought by 30 states from 1986 to 2010. These cases involved allegations of such things as the sale of unsuitable products, fraudulent misrepresentation of qualifications, failure to register as an investment adviser, and misuse of client funds for personal expenses.
Because of limitations in how data is gathered and tracked, SEC and state securities regulators are not currently able to readily determine the extent to which financial planning services may be causing consumers harm. The SEC and state securities regulators do not routinely track potential problems specific to financial planners. SEC and NASAA representatives told GAO that they have been meeting periodically in recent months to prepare for the transition from federal to state oversight of certain additional investment adviser firms, as mandated under the Dodd-Frank Act, but that oversight of financial planners in particular had not been part of these discussions. SEC staff noted that additional tracking could consume staff time and other resources. They also said that because there are no laws that directly require registration, recordkeeping, and other responsibilities of financial planners per se, tracking such findings relating to those entities would require expenditure of resources on something that SEC does not have direct responsibility to oversee.
While recognizing the need to balance the cost of data collection efforts against the usefulness of the data, GAO believes that a regulatory system should have data sufficient to identify risks and problem areas and support decision making. Given the significant growth in the financial planning industry, ongoing concerns about potential conflicts of interest, and consumer confusion about standards of care, GAO suggested that securities regulators should identify ways to get better information on the extent of problems specifically involving financial planners and financial planning services. | <urn:uuid:ad092f8a-928b-40a2-addf-68d93dcedb17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jimhamiltonblog.blogspot.com/2011/01/gao-dodd-frank-mandated-study-on.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00208-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.955984 | 1,450 | 1.84375 | 2 |
The Twittersphere has been abuzz today with news of all flavors including updates on the tragedy in Boston. Those events have caused the U.S. Senate’s “Gang of Eight” to postpone their scheduled press conference on their compromise immigration legislation, but a rough outline of the proposal has been circulating on the Internet. Below we highlight some of the elements that are most important for our clients.
The document is very much a rough draft and further clarification will be needed to understand what is meant by some proposals. Moreover, it is the case that whatever is being proposed in this document is only an opening bid. The U.S. Senate could amend this legislation before passing it, and the House of Representatives will also weigh in with its own proposal. Final legislation would have to represent a merger of those two ideas.
Here are some key highlights as we understand them:
- Attainment of Lawful Status
The outline describes a new status for undocumented immigrants known as Registered Provision Immigrant (RPI). To qualify for RPI status one must have been physically present in the U.S. prior to December 31, 2011 and continuously since then. One cannot be inadmissible for criminal, national security, public health, or “morality” grounds and cannot have criminal history that includes a felony, federally defined “aggravated felony,” 3 or more misdemeanors, any foreign conviction, or who has unlawfully voted.
To attain RPI status one would have to pay a $500 fine and “assessed taxes” in addition to any processing fees. The status would be renewable in six-year increments with a $500 fine each time. Individuals would have one year from enactment to file for RPI status (possibly extended to two years).
RPI status would also be available to individuals who were deported for non-criminal reasons prior to December 31, 2011 if they have family in the United States. It is unclear what this means for individuals deported after December 31, 2011 – they seem not to qualify for either version of RPI.
- Merit-Based System/Visa
All RPI individuals will have to adjust status to Lawful Permanent Residence through a “Merit-Based System” that takes into account an applicant’s education, employment, and ties to the country among other factors. Between 120,000 and 250,000 merit-based visas would be allocated per year. The terms “Merit-Based System” and “Merit-Based Visa” are both used and it is unclear if these are different concepts or the same thing called by different names.
This pathway to citizenship would not open until border security measures have been deemed successful, existing family- and employment-based backlogs are cleared, and applicant must have been in RPI status for ten years, have paid taxes and worked regularly, demonstrate knowledge of U.S. civics and history, and pay a $1,000 fine.
It is not explicit in the outline but potentially individuals could obtain RPI status for a time and then utilize another aspect of the immigration system (e.g. the traditional family-based system) to obtain Permanent Resident status.
Conflicting language is used regarding the relationship between the Merit-Based System and the options for DREAM Act and AgJOBS immigrants. Do they get their own path or will they enter the Merit-Based System?
- DREAM Act and AgJOBS
The outline refers to the DREAM Act but does not explain which version of that proposed legislation would be used. DREAMers would become eligible for Lawful Permanent Residence after five years in RPI status and could immediately naturalize as U.S. citizens.
The proposal also absorbs the AgJOBS legislation permitting undocumented farm workers to obtain an Agricultural Card. The specifics of this Card are not available in great detail. To qualify one would have to pay a $400 fine, pay assessed taxes, and have a clean criminal history. After five years in AgJOBS status individuals could adjust status to Lawful Permanent Residence.
- Family-Based Immigration
The outline states that it will clear out the backlog of family-based immigration but it is not clear if this will be done by increasing visa levels or by simply closing the line and letting time run its course. No new F-4 (siblings of U.S. citizens) applications will be accepted 18 months after the law is enacted. The current F-2A category will become part of the immediate relative category, and the IR category appears to be expanded to include derivatives of IRs. The F-1, F-2B, and F-3 categories will be reshuffled in ways that are not entirely clear but which appear to make use of the V Visa (permitting certain individuals to live and work in the U.S. while they await visa availability) and which cut off future immigration of married sons and daughters who are over the age of 30.
Turning F-2A individuals into IRs and retiring the F-4 category will help clear the backlog and these newly available visas will be shared among employment- and family-based categories. It is not obvious how the math would work out and if these measures alone (as opposed to raising the visa caps) could clear the backlogs in 10 years or less.
- The Border Trigger
Six months after enactment of the legislation, two related border security policies must be created and begun. No undocumented individual may receive RPI status until these policies are in effect. Successful implementation of these policies will also be a requirement before RPI individuals (other than DREAM or Agricultural workers) can obtain Lawful Permanent Residence. The outline also authorizes billions of dollars in expenditures to increase border surveillance, speed up removals at the border, create a multi-layer border fence, and for other border security measures.
The use of E-Verify would become universal over a five-year period. All non-citizens would be required to retain a biometric-based employment authorization document in order to seek employment. U.S. citizens could use U.S. passports or state driver’s licenses for proof of employment authorization (as long as those state DMVs share photo-capture information with DHS).
- High-Skill Labor
The outline scraps the existing Diversity Visa system that permits immigration from historically underrepresented countries and in its place increases opportunities for high-skilled workers and entrepreneurs. Caps on H-1B visas will be tweaked to make them more fluid to match labor conditions and to cut down on abuse. H-1B visas could nearly triple over time. Those who come on student visas for bachelor’s degree or higher programs will receive dual-intent visas (making it easier for them to choose to live permanently in the U.S.).
- Low-Skill Labor
A guest worker program (the W Visa) will be created for individuals who live in a foreign country to come to the United States to work for three years at a time. Such individuals could bring their spouses and children with them and travel would be permitted. Principal W Visa workers may not be unemployed for more than 60 consecutive days but they may seek other job opportunities as well as promotions to higher-skill positions after 1 year with an employer. Employers who seek to have W Visa workers must comply with a registration process that must be renewed every three years. The registration process is meant to prevent unscrupulous or abusive employers from using W Visa workers. Policies would attempt to prevent W Visa workers from lowering the wages of native workers and to prevent W Visas from being over-represented in the construction industry.
More than anything, this outline feels like a catharsis. Observers have been pent up for months watching and waiting to see what the pathway to citizenship and overhaul of immigration policy may look like, and now we have a start to that conversation.
Many questions remain, among them:
How will business and labor interests receive the news of the W Visa, the tweaks to the high-skilled labor force, and the overhaul of temporary agricultural workers?
How will immigration advocates receive the requirement that most undocumented individuals wait 10+ years, master English and U.S. civics, and prevail in a competitive points-based system in order to attain lawful immigration status?
How will the public view the new approaches to employment- and family-based immigration?
Will the availability of waivers be expanded to cover the many circumstances not provided for in this draft legislation?
How can skilled immigration practitioners navigate between existing and new systems to help clients attain lawful immigration status, reunite families, and move forward on a pathway to citizenship?
As details emerge and answers to those questions reveal themselves we will keep our readers appraised. | <urn:uuid:c06f10fa-10fc-44a0-8ec9-d192f22de6b8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://ccnnimmigration.wordpress.com/tag/rpi/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718957.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00435-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957616 | 1,802 | 1.6875 | 2 |
The gods deliberate about the redemption of Hector’s body. Jupiter sends Thetis to Achilles, to dispose him for the restoring it, and Iris to Priam, to encourage him to go in person and treat for it. The old king, notwithstanding the remonstrances of his queen, makes ready for the journey, to which he is encouraged by an omen from Jupiter. He sets forth in his chariot, with a waggon loaded with presents, under the charge of Idaeus the herald. Mercury descends in the shape of a young man, and conducts him to the pavilion of Achilles. Their conversation on the way. Priam finds Achilles at his table, casts himself at his feet, and begs for the body of his son: Achilles, moved with compassion, grants his request, detains him one night in his tent, and the next morning sends him home with the body: the Trojans run out to meet him. The lamentations of Andromache, Hecuba, and Helen, with the solemnities of the funeral.
The time of twelve days is employed in this book, while the body of Hector lies in the tent of Achilles; and as many more are spent in the truce allowed for his interment. The scene is partly in Achilles’ camp, and partly in Troy.
Now from the finish’d games the Grecian band
Seek their black ships, and clear the crowded strand,
All stretch’d at ease the genial banquet share,
And pleasing slumbers quiet all their care.
Not so Achilles: he, to grief resign’d,
His friend’s dear image present to his mind,
Takes his sad couch, more unobserved to weep;
Nor tastes the gifts of all-composing sleep.
Restless he roll’d around his weary bed,
And all his soul on his Patroclus fed:
The form so pleasing, and the heart so kind,
That youthful vigour, and that manly mind,
What toils they shared, what martial works they wrought,
What seas they measured, and what fields they fought;
All pass’d before him in remembrance dear,
Thought follows thought, and tear succeeds to tear.
And now supine, now prone, the hero lay,
Now shifts his side, impatient for the day:
Then starting up, disconsolate he goes
Wide on the lonely beach to vent his woes.
There as the solitary mourner raves,
The ruddy morning rises o’er the waves:
Soon as it rose, his furious steeds he join’d!
The chariot flies, and Hector trails behind.
And thrice, Patroclus! round thy monument
Was Hector dragg’d, then hurried to the tent.
There sleep at last o’ercomes the hero’s eyes;
While foul in dust the unhonour’d carcase lies,
But not deserted by the pitying skies:
For Phoebus watch’d it with superior care,
Preserved from gaping wounds and tainting air;
And, ignominious as it swept the field,
Spread o’er the sacred corse his golden shield.
All heaven was moved, and Hermes will’d to go
By stealth to snatch him from the insulting foe:
But Neptune this, and Pallas this denies,
And th’ unrelenting empress of the skies,
E’er since that day implacable to Troy,
What time young Paris, simple shepherd boy,
Won by destructive lust (reward obscene),
Their charms rejected for the Cyprian queen.
But when the tenth celestial morning broke,
To heaven assembled, thus Apollo spoke:
“Unpitying powers! how oft each holy fane
Has Hector tinged with blood of victims slain?
And can ye still his cold remains pursue?
Still grudge his body to the Trojans’ view?
Deny to consort, mother, son, and sire,
The last sad honours of a funeral fire?
Is then the dire Achilles all your care?
That iron heart, inflexibly severe;
A lion, not a man, who slaughters wide,
In strength of rage, and impotence of pride;
Who hastes to murder with a savage joy,
Invades around, and breathes but to destroy!
Shame is not of his soul; nor understood,
The greatest evil and the greatest good.
Still for one loss he rages unresign’d,
Repugnant to the lot of all mankind;
To lose a friend, a brother, or a son,
Heaven dooms each mortal, and its will is done:
Awhile they sorrow, then dismiss their care;
Fate gives the wound, and man is born to bear.
But this insatiate, the commission given
By fate exceeds, and tempts the wrath of heaven:
Lo, how his rage dishonest drags along
Hector’s dead earth, insensible of wrong!
Brave though he be, yet by no reason awed,
He violates the laws of man and god.”
“If equal honours by the partial skies
Are doom’d both heroes, (Juno thus replies,)
If Thetis’ son must no distinction know,
Then hear, ye gods! the patron of the bow.
But Hector only boasts a mortal claim,
His birth deriving from a mortal dame:
Achilles, of your own ethereal race,
Springs from a goddess by a man’s embrace
(A goddess by ourself to Peleus given,
A man divine, and chosen friend of heaven)
To grace those nuptials, from the bright abode
Yourselves were present; where this minstrel-god,
Well pleased to share the feast, amid the quire
Stood proud to hymn, and tune his youthful lyre.”
Then thus the Thunderer checks the imperial dame:
“Let not thy wrath the court of heaven inflame;
Their merits, nor their honours, are the same.
But mine, and every god’s peculiar grace
Hector deserves, of all the Trojan race:
Still on our shrines his grateful offerings lay,
(The only honours men to gods can pay,)
Nor ever from our smoking altar ceased
The pure libation, and the holy feast:
Howe’er by stealth to snatch the corse away,
We will not: Thetis guards it night and day.
But haste, and summon to our courts above
The azure queen; let her persuasion move
Her furious son from Priam to receive
The proffer’d ransom, and the corse to leave.”
He added not: and Iris from the skies,
Swift as a whirlwind, on the message flies,
Meteorous the face of ocean sweeps,
Refulgent gliding o’er the sable deeps.
Between where Samos wide his forests spreads,
And rocky Imbrus lifts its pointed heads,
Down plunged the maid; (the parted waves resound;)
She plunged and instant shot the dark profound.
As bearing death in the fallacious bait,
From the bent angle sinks the leaden weight;
So pass’d the goddess through the closing wave,
Where Thetis sorrow’d in her secret cave:
There placed amidst her melancholy train
(The blue-hair’d sisters of the sacred main)
Pensive she sat, revolving fates to come,
And wept her godlike son’s approaching doom.
Then thus the goddess of the painted bow:
“Arise, O Thetis! from thy seats below,
’Tis Jove that calls.”—“And why (the dame replies)
Calls Jove his Thetis to the hated skies?
Sad object as I am for heavenly sight!
Ah may my sorrows ever shun the light!
Howe’er, be heaven’s almighty sire obey’d —”
She spake, and veil’d her head in sable shade,
Which, flowing long, her graceful person clad;
And forth she paced, majestically sad.
Then through the world of waters they repair
(The way fair Iris led) to upper air.
The deeps dividing, o’er the coast they rise,
And touch with momentary flight the skies.
There in the lightning’s blaze the sire they found,
And all the gods in shining synod round.
Thetis approach’d with anguish in her face,
(Minerva rising, gave the mourner place,)
Even Juno sought her sorrows to console,
And offer’d from her hand the nectar-bowl:
She tasted, and resign’d it: then began
The sacred sire of gods and mortal man:
“Thou comest, fair Thetis, but with grief o’ercast;
Maternal sorrows; long, ah, long to last!
Suffice, we know and we partake thy cares;
But yield to fate, and hear what Jove declares
Nine days are past since all the court above
In Hector’s cause have moved the ear of Jove;
’Twas voted, Hermes from his godlike foe
By stealth should bear him, but we will’d not so:
We will, thy son himself the corse restore,
And to his conquest add this glory more.
Then hie thee to him, and our mandate bear:
Tell him he tempts the wrath of heaven too far;
Nor let him more (our anger if he dread)
Vent his mad vengeance on the sacred dead;
But yield to ransom and the father’s prayer;
The mournful father, Iris shall prepare
With gifts to sue; and offer to his hands
Whate’er his honour asks, or heart demands.”
His word the silver-footed queen attends,
And from Olympus’ snowy tops descends.
Arrived, she heard the voice of loud lament,
And echoing groans that shook the lofty tent:
His friends prepare the victim, and dispose
Repast unheeded, while he vents his woes;
The goddess seats her by her pensive son,
She press’d his hand, and tender thus begun:
“How long, unhappy! shall thy sorrows flow,
And thy heart waste with life-consuming woe:
Mindless of food, or love, whose pleasing reign
Soothes weary life, and softens human pain?
O snatch the moments yet within thy power;
Not long to live, indulge the amorous hour!
Lo! Jove himself (for Jove’s command I bear)
Forbids to tempt the wrath of heaven too far.
No longer then (his fury if thou dread)
Detain the relics of great Hector dead;
Nor vent on senseless earth thy vengeance vain,
But yield to ransom, and restore the slain.”
To whom Achilles: “Be the ransom given,
And we submit, since such the will of heaven.”
While thus they communed, from the Olympian bowers
Jove orders Iris to the Trojan towers:
“Haste, winged goddess! to the sacred town,
And urge her monarch to redeem his son.
Alone the Ilian ramparts let him leave,
And bear what stern Achilles may receive:
Alone, for so we will; no Trojan near
Except, to place the dead with decent care,
Some aged herald, who with gentle hand
May the slow mules and funeral car command.
Nor let him death, nor let him danger dread,
Safe through the foe by our protection led:
Him Hermes to Achilles shall convey,
Guard of his life, and partner of his way.
Fierce as he is, Achilles’ self shall spare
His age, nor touch one venerable hair:
Some thought there must be in a soul so brave,
Some sense of duty, some desire to save.”
Then down her bow the winged Iris drives,
And swift at Priam’s mournful court arrives:
Where the sad sons beside their father’s throne
Sat bathed in tears, and answer’d groan with groan.
And all amidst them lay the hoary sire,
(Sad scene of woe!) his face his wrapp’d attire
Conceal’d from sight; with frantic hands he spread
A shower of ashes o’er his neck and head.
From room to room his pensive daughters roam;
Whose shrieks and clamours fill the vaulted dome;
Mindful of those, who late their pride and joy,
Lie pale and breathless round the fields of Troy!
Before the king Jove’s messenger appears,
And thus in whispers greets his trembling ears:
“Fear not, O father! no ill news I bear;
From Jove I come, Jove makes thee still his care;
For Hector’s sake these walls he bids thee leave,
And bear what stern Achilles may receive;
Alone, for so he wills; no Trojan near,
Except, to place the dead with decent care,
Some aged herald, who with gentle hand
May the slow mules and funeral car command.
Nor shalt thou death, nor shall thou danger dread:
Safe through the foe by his protection led:
Thee Hermes to Pelides shall convey,
Guard of thy life, and partner of thy way.
Fierce as he is, Achilles’ self shall spare
Thy age, nor touch one venerable hair;
Some thought there must be in a soul so brave,
Some sense of duty, some desire to save.”
She spoke, and vanish’d. Priam bids prepare
His gentle mules and harness to the car;
There, for the gifts, a polish’d casket lay:
His pious sons the king’s command obey.
Then pass’d the monarch to his bridal-room,
Where cedar-beams the lofty roofs perfume,
And where the treasures of his empire lay;
Then call’d his queen, and thus began to say:
“Unhappy consort of a king distress’d!
Partake the troubles of thy husband’s breast:
I saw descend the messenger of Jove,
Who bids me try Achilles’ mind to move;
Forsake these ramparts, and with gifts obtain
The corse of Hector, at yon navy slain.
Tell me thy thought: my heart impels to go
Through hostile camps, and bears me to the foe.”
The hoary monarch thus. Her piercing cries
Sad Hecuba renews, and then replies:
“Ah! whither wanders thy distemper’d mind?
And where the prudence now that awed mankind?
Through Phrygia once and foreign regions known;
Now all confused, distracted, overthrown!
Singly to pass through hosts of foes! to face
(O heart of steel!) the murderer of thy race!
To view that deathful eye, and wander o’er
Those hands yet red with Hector’s noble gore!
Alas! my lord! he knows not how to spare.
And what his mercy, thy slain sons declare;
So brave! so many fallen! To claim his rage
Vain were thy dignity, and vain thy age.
No — pent in this sad palace, let us give
To grief the wretched days we have to live.
Still, still for Hector let our sorrows flow,
Born to his own, and to his parents’ woe!
Doom’d from the hour his luckless life begun,
To dogs, to vultures, and to Peleus’ son!
Oh! in his dearest blood might I allay
My rage, and these barbarities repay!
For ah! could Hector merit thus, whose breath
Expired not meanly, in unactive death?
He poured his latest blood in manly fight,
And fell a hero in his country’s right.”
“Seek not to stay me, nor my soul affright
With words of omen, like a bird of night,
(Replied unmoved the venerable man;)
’Tis heaven commands me, and you urge in vain.
Had any mortal voice the injunction laid,
Nor augur, priest, nor seer, had been obey’d.
A present goddess brought the high command,
I saw, I heard her, and the word shall stand.
I go, ye gods! obedient to your call:
If in yon camp your powers have doom’d my fall,
Content — By the same hand let me expire!
Add to the slaughter’d son the wretched sire!
One cold embrace at least may be allow’d,
And my last tears flow mingled with his blood!”
From forth his open’d stores, this said, he drew
Twelve costly carpets of refulgent hue,
As many vests, as many mantles told,
And twelve fair veils, and garments stiff with gold,
Two tripods next, and twice two chargers shine,
With ten pure talents from the richest mine;
And last a large well-labour’d bowl had place,
(The pledge of treaties once with friendly Thrace:)
Seem’d all too mean the stores he could employ,
For one last look to buy him back to Troy!
Lo! the sad father, frantic with his pain,
Around him furious drives his menial train:
In vain each slave with duteous care attends,
Each office hurts him, and each face offends.
“What make ye here, officious crowds! (he cries).
Hence! nor obtrude your anguish on my eyes.
Have ye no griefs at home, to fix ye there:
Am I the only object of despair?
Am I become my people’s common show,
Set up by Jove your spectacle of woe?
No, you must feel him too; yourselves must fall;
The same stern god to ruin gives you all:
Nor is great Hector lost by me alone;
Your sole defence, your guardian power is gone!
I see your blood the fields of Phrygia drown,
I see the ruins of your smoking town!
O send me, gods! ere that sad day shall come,
A willing ghost to Pluto’s dreary dome!”
He said, and feebly drives his friends away:
The sorrowing friends his frantic rage obey.
Next on his sons his erring fury falls,
Polites, Paris, Agathon, he calls;
His threats Deiphobus and Dius hear,
Hippothous, Pammon, Helenes the seer,
And generous Antiphon: for yet these nine
Survived, sad relics of his numerous line.
“Inglorious sons of an unhappy sire!
Why did not all in Hector’s cause expire?
Wretch that I am! my bravest offspring slain.
You, the disgrace of Priam’s house, remain!
Mestor the brave, renown’d in ranks of war,
With Troilus, dreadful on his rushing car, 1
And last great Hector, more than man divine,
For sure he seem’d not of terrestrial line!
All those relentless Mars untimely slew,
And left me these, a soft and servile crew,
Whose days the feast and wanton dance employ,
Gluttons and flatterers, the contempt of Troy!
Why teach ye not my rapid wheels to run,
And speed my journey to redeem my son?”
The sons their father’s wretched age revere,
Forgive his anger, and produce the car.
High on the seat the cabinet they bind:
The new-made car with solid beauty shined;
Box was the yoke, emboss’d with costly pains,
And hung with ringlets to receive the reins;
Nine cubits long, the traces swept the ground:
These to the chariot’s polish’d pole they bound.
Then fix’d a ring the running reins to guide,
And close beneath the gather’d ends were tied.
Next with the gifts (the price of Hector slain)
The sad attendants load the groaning wain:
Last to the yoke the well-matched mules they bring,
(The gift of Mysia to the Trojan king.)
But the fair horses, long his darling care,
Himself received, and harness’d to his car:
Grieved as he was, he not this task denied;
The hoary herald help’d him, at his side.
While careful these the gentle coursers join’d,
Sad Hecuba approach’d with anxious mind;
A golden bowl that foam’d with fragrant wine,
(Libation destined to the power divine,)
Held in her right, before the steed she stands,
And thus consigns it to the monarch’s hands:
“Take this, and pour to Jove; that safe from harms
His grace restore thee to our roof and arms.
Since victor of thy fears, and slighting mine,
Heaven, or thy soul, inspires this bold design;
Pray to that god, who high on Ida’s brow
Surveys thy desolated realms below,
His winged messenger to send from high,
And lead thy way with heavenly augury:
Let the strong sovereign of the plumy race
Tower on the right of yon ethereal space.
That sign beheld, and strengthen’d from above,
Boldly pursue the journey mark’d by Jove:
But if the god his augury denies,
Suppress thy impulse, nor reject advice.”
“’Tis just (said Priam) to the sire above
To raise our hands; for who so good as Jove?”
He spoke, and bade the attendant handmaid bring
The purest water of the living spring:
(Her ready hands the ewer and bason held:)
Then took the golden cup his queen had fill’d;
On the mid pavement pours the rosy wine,
Uplifts his eyes, and calls the power divine:
“O first and greatest! heaven’s imperial lord!
On lofty Ida’s holy hill adored!
To stern Achilles now direct my ways,
And teach him mercy when a father prays.
If such thy will, despatch from yonder sky
Thy sacred bird, celestial augury!
Let the strong sovereign of the plumy race
Tower on the right of yon ethereal space;
So shall thy suppliant, strengthen’d from above,
Fearless pursue the journey mark’d by Jove.”
Jove heard his prayer, and from the throne on high,
Despatch’d his bird, celestial augury!
The swift-wing’d chaser of the feather’d game,
And known to gods by Percnos’ lofty name.
Wide as appears some palace-gate display’d.
So broad, his pinions stretch’d their ample shade,
As stooping dexter with resounding wings
The imperial bird descends in airy rings.
A dawn of joy in every face appears:
The mourning matron dries her timorous tears:
Swift on his car the impatient monarch sprung;
The brazen portal in his passage rung;
The mules preceding draw the loaded wain,
Charged with the gifts: Idaeus holds the rein:
The king himself his gentle steeds controls,
And through surrounding friends the chariot rolls.
On his slow wheels the following people wait,
Mourn at each step, and give him up to fate;
With hands uplifted eye him as he pass’d,
And gaze upon him as they gazed their last.
Now forward fares the father on his way,
Through the lone fields, and back to Ilion they.
Great Jove beheld him as he cross’d the plain,
And felt the woes of miserable man.
Then thus to Hermes: “Thou whose constant cares
Still succour mortals, and attend their prayers;
Behold an object to thy charge consign’d:
If ever pity touch’d thee for mankind,
Go, guard the sire: the observing foe prevent,
And safe conduct him to Achilles’ tent.”
The god obeys, his golden pinions binds, 2
And mounts incumbent on the wings of winds,
That high, through fields of air, his flight sustain,
O’er the wide earth, and o’er the boundless main;
Then grasps the wand that causes sleep to fly,
Or in soft slumbers seals the wakeful eye:
Thus arm’d, swift Hermes steers his airy way,
And stoops on Hellespont’s resounding sea.
A beauteous youth, majestic and divine,
He seem’d; fair offspring of some princely line!
Now twilight veil’d the glaring face of day,
And clad the dusky fields in sober grey;
What time the herald and the hoary king
(Their chariots stopping at the silver spring,
That circling Ilus’ ancient marble flows)
Allow’d their mules and steeds a short repose,
Through the dim shade the herald first espies
A man’s approach, and thus to Priam cries:
“I mark some foe’s advance: O king! beware;
This hard adventure claims thy utmost care!
For much I fear destruction hovers nigh:
Our state asks counsel; is it best to fly?
Or old and helpless, at his feet to fall,
Two wretched suppliants, and for mercy call?”
The afflicted monarch shiver’d with despair;
Pale grew his face, and upright stood his hair;
Sunk was his heart; his colour went and came;
A sudden trembling shook his aged frame:
When Hermes, greeting, touch’d his royal hand,
And, gentle, thus accosts with kind demand:
“Say whither, father! when each mortal sight
Is seal’d in sleep, thou wanderest through the night?
Why roam thy mules and steeds the plains along,
Through Grecian foes, so numerous and so strong?
What couldst thou hope, should these thy treasures view;
These, who with endless hate thy race pursue?
For what defence, alas! could’st thou provide;
Thyself not young, a weak old man thy guide?
Yet suffer not thy soul to sink with dread;
From me no harm shall touch thy reverend head;
From Greece I’ll guard thee too; for in those lines
The living image of my father shines.”
“Thy words, that speak benevolence of mind,
Are true, my son! (the godlike sire rejoin’d:)
Great are my hazards; but the gods survey
My steps, and send thee, guardian of my way.
Hail, and be bless’d! For scarce of mortal kind
Appear thy form, thy feature, and thy mind.”
“Nor true are all thy words, nor erring wide;
(The sacred messenger of heaven replied;)
But say, convey’st thou through the lonely plains
What yet most precious of thy store remains,
To lodge in safety with some friendly hand:
Prepared, perchance, to leave thy native land?
Or fliest thou now? — What hopes can Troy retain,
Thy matchless son, her guard and glory, slain?”
The king, alarm’d: “Say what, and whence thou art
Who search the sorrows of a parent’s heart,
And know so well how godlike Hector died?”
Thus Priam spoke, and Hermes thus replied:
“You tempt me, father, and with pity touch:
On this sad subject you inquire too much.
Oft have these eyes that godlike Hector view’d
In glorious fight, with Grecian blood embrued:
I saw him when, like Jove, his flames he toss’d
On thousand ships, and wither’d half a host:
I saw, but help’d not: stern Achilles’ ire
Forbade assistance, and enjoy’d the fire.
For him I serve, of Myrmidonian race;
One ship convey’d us from our native place;
Polyctor is my sire, an honour’d name,
Old like thyself, and not unknown to fame;
Of seven his sons, by whom the lot was cast
To serve our prince, it fell on me, the last.
To watch this quarter, my adventure falls:
For with the morn the Greeks attack your walls;
Sleepless they sit, impatient to engage,
And scarce their rulers check their martial rage.”
“If then thou art of stern Pelides’ train,
(The mournful monarch thus rejoin’d again,)
Ah tell me truly, where, oh! where are laid
My son’s dear relics? what befals him dead?
Have dogs dismember’d (on the naked plains),
Or yet unmangled rest, his cold remains?”
“O favour’d of the skies! (thus answered then
The power that mediates between god and men)
Nor dogs nor vultures have thy Hector rent,
But whole he lies, neglected in the tent:
This the twelfth evening since he rested there,
Untouch’d by worms, untainted by the air.
Still as Aurora’s ruddy beam is spread,
Round his friend’s tomb Achilles drags the dead:
Yet undisfigured, or in limb or face,
All fresh he lies, with every living grace,
Majestical in death! No stains are found
O’er all the corse, and closed is every wound,
Though many a wound they gave. Some heavenly care,
Some hand divine, preserves him ever fair:
Or all the host of heaven, to whom he led
A life so grateful, still regard him dead.”
Thus spoke to Priam the celestial guide,
And joyful thus the royal sire replied:
“Blest is the man who pays the gods above
The constant tribute of respect and love!
Those who inhabit the Olympian bower
My son forgot not, in exalted power;
And heaven, that every virtue bears in mind,
Even to the ashes of the just is kind.
But thou, O generous youth! this goblet take,
A pledge of gratitude for Hector’s sake;
And while the favouring gods our steps survey,
Safe to Pelides’ tent conduct my way.”
To whom the latent god: “O king, forbear
To tempt my youth, for apt is youth to err.
But can I, absent from my prince’s sight,
Take gifts in secret, that must shun the light?
What from our master’s interest thus we draw,
Is but a licensed theft that ‘scapes the law.
Respecting him, my soul abjures the offence;
And as the crime, I dread the consequence.
Thee, far as Argos, pleased I could convey;
Guard of thy life, and partner of thy way:
On thee attend, thy safety to maintain,
O’er pathless forests, or the roaring main.”
He said, then took the chariot at a bound,
And snatch’d the reins, and whirl’d the lash around:
Before the inspiring god that urged them on,
The coursers fly with spirit not their own.
And now they reach’d the naval walls, and found
The guards repasting, while the bowls go round;
On these the virtue of his wand he tries,
And pours deep slumber on their watchful eyes:
Then heaved the massy gates, removed the bars,
And o’er the trenches led the rolling cars.
Unseen, through all the hostile camp they went,
And now approach’d Pelides’ lofty tent.
On firs the roof was raised, and cover’d o’er
With reeds collected from the marshy shore;
And, fenced with palisades, a hall of state,
(The work of soldiers,) where the hero sat.
Large was the door, whose well-compacted strength
A solid pine-tree barr’d of wondrous length:
Scarce three strong Greeks could lift its mighty weight,
But great Achilles singly closed the gate.
This Hermes (such the power of gods) set wide;
Then swift alighted the celestial guide,
And thus reveal’d —“Hear, prince! and understand
Thou ow’st thy guidance to no mortal hand:
Hermes I am, descended from above,
The king of arts, the messenger of Jove,
Farewell: to shun Achilles’ sight I fly;
Uncommon are such favours of the sky,
Nor stand confess’d to frail mortality.
Now fearless enter, and prefer thy prayers;
Adjure him by his father’s silver hairs,
His son, his mother! urge him to bestow
Whatever pity that stern heart can know.”
Thus having said, he vanish’d from his eyes,
And in a moment shot into the skies:
The king, confirm’d from heaven, alighted there,
And left his aged herald on the car,
With solemn pace through various rooms he went,
And found Achilles in his inner tent:
There sat the hero: Alcimus the brave,
And great Automedon, attendance gave:
These served his person at the royal feast;
Around, at awful distance, stood the rest.
Unseen by these, the king his entry made:
And, prostrate now before Achilles laid,
Sudden (a venerable sight!) appears;
Embraced his knees, and bathed his hands in tears;
Those direful hands his kisses press’d, embrued
Even with the best, the dearest of his blood!
As when a wretch (who, conscious of his crime,
Pursued for murder, flies his native clime)
Just gains some frontier, breathless, pale, amazed,
All gaze, all wonder: thus Achilles gazed:
Thus stood the attendants stupid with surprise:
All mute, yet seem’d to question with their eyes:
Each look’d on other, none the silence broke,
Till thus at last the kingly suppliant spoke:
“Ah think, thou favour’d of the powers divine! 3
Think of thy father’s age, and pity mine!
In me that father’s reverend image trace,
Those silver hairs, that venerable face;
His trembling limbs, his helpless person, see!
In all my equal, but in misery!
Yet now, perhaps, some turn of human fate
Expels him helpless from his peaceful state;
Think, from some powerful foe thou seest him fly,
And beg protection with a feeble cry.
Yet still one comfort in his soul may rise;
He hears his son still lives to glad his eyes,
And, hearing, still may hope a better day
May send him thee, to chase that foe away.
No comfort to my griefs, no hopes remain,
The best, the bravest, of my sons are slain!
Yet what a race! ere Greece to Ilion came,
The pledge of many a loved and loving dame:
Nineteen one mother bore — Dead, all are dead!
How oft, alas! has wretched Priam bled!
Still one was left their loss to recompense;
His father’s hope, his country’s last defence.
Him too thy rage has slain! beneath thy steel,
Unhappy in his country’s cause he fell!
“For him through hostile camps I bent my way,
For him thus prostrate at thy feet I lay;
Large gifts proportion’d to thy wrath I bear;
O hear the wretched, and the gods revere!
“Think of thy father, and this face behold!
See him in me, as helpless and as old!
Though not so wretched: there he yields to me,
The first of men in sovereign misery!
Thus forced to kneel, thus grovelling to embrace
The scourge and ruin of my realm and race;
Suppliant my children’s murderer to implore,
And kiss those hands yet reeking with their gore!”
These words soft pity in the chief inspire,
Touch’d with the dear remembrance of his sire.
Then with his hand (as prostrate still he lay)
The old man’s cheek he gently turn’d away.
Now each by turns indulged the gush of woe;
And now the mingled tides together flow:
This low on earth, that gently bending o’er;
A father one, and one a son deplore:
But great Achilles different passions rend,
And now his sire he mourns, and now his friend.
The infectious softness through the heroes ran;
One universal solemn shower began;
They bore as heroes, but they felt as man.
Satiate at length with unavailing woes,
From the high throne divine Achilles rose;
The reverend monarch by the hand he raised;
On his white beard and form majestic gazed,
Not unrelenting; then serene began
With words to soothe the miserable man:
“Alas, what weight of anguish hast thou known,
Unhappy prince! thus guardless and alone
Two pass through foes, and thus undaunted face
The man whose fury has destroy’d thy race!
Heaven sure has arm’d thee with a heart of steel,
A strength proportion’d to the woes you feel.
Rise, then: let reason mitigate your care:
To mourn avails not: man is born to bear.
Such is, alas! the gods’ severe decree:
They, only they are blest, and only free.
Two urns by Jove’s high throne have ever stood,
The source of evil one, and one of good;
From thence the cup of mortal man he fills,
Blessings to these, to those distributes ill;
To most he mingles both: the wretch decreed
To taste the bad unmix’d, is cursed indeed;
Pursued by wrongs, by meagre famine driven,
He wanders, outcast both of earth and heaven.
The happiest taste not happiness sincere;
But find the cordial draught is dash’d with care.
Who more than Peleus shone in wealth and power
What stars concurring bless’d his natal hour!
A realm, a goddess, to his wishes given;
Graced by the gods with all the gifts of heaven.
One evil yet o’ertakes his latest day:
No race succeeding to imperial sway;
An only son; and he, alas! ordain’d
To fall untimely in a foreign land.
See him, in Troy, the pious care decline
Of his weak age, to live the curse of thine!
Thou too, old man, hast happier days beheld;
In riches once, in children once excell’d;
Extended Phrygia own’d thy ample reign,
And all fair Lesbos’ blissful seats contain,
And all wide Hellespont’s unmeasured main.
But since the god his hand has pleased to turn,
And fill thy measure from his bitter urn,
What sees the sun, but hapless heroes’ falls?
War, and the blood of men, surround thy walls!
What must be, must be. Bear thy lot, nor shed
These unavailing sorrows o’er the dead;
Thou canst not call him from the Stygian shore,
But thou, alas! may’st live to suffer more!”
To whom the king: “O favour’d of the skies!
Here let me grow to earth! since Hector lies
On the bare beach deprived of obsequies.
O give me Hector! to my eyes restore
His corse, and take the gifts: I ask no more.
Thou, as thou may’st, these boundless stores enjoy;
Safe may’st thou sail, and turn thy wrath from Troy;
So shall thy pity and forbearance give
A weak old man to see the light and live!”
“Move me no more, (Achilles thus replies,
While kindling anger sparkled in his eyes,)
Nor seek by tears my steady soul to bend:
To yield thy Hector I myself intend:
For know, from Jove my goddess-mother came,
(Old Ocean’s daughter, silver-footed dame,)
Nor comest thou but by heaven; nor comest alone,
Some god impels with courage not thy own:
No human hand the weighty gates unbarr’d,
Nor could the boldest of our youth have dared
To pass our outworks, or elude the guard.
Cease; lest, neglectful of high Jove’s command,
I show thee, king! thou tread’st on hostile land;
Release my knees, thy suppliant arts give o’er,
And shake the purpose of my soul no more.”
The sire obey’d him, trembling and o’eraw’d.
Achilles, like a lion, rush’d abroad:
Automedon and Alcimus attend,
(Whom most he honour’d, since he lost his friend,)
These to unyoke the mules and horses went,
And led the hoary herald to the tent;
Next, heap’d on high, the numerous presents bear,
(Great Hector’s ransom,) from the polish’d car.
Two splendid mantles, and a carpet spread,
They leave: to cover and enwrap the dead.
Then call the handmaids, with assistant toil
To wash the body and anoint with oil,
Apart from Priam: lest the unhappy sire,
Provoked to passion, once more rouse to ire
The stern Pelides; and nor sacred age,
Nor Jove’s command, should check the rising rage.
This done, the garments o’er the corse they spread;
Achilles lifts it to the funeral bed:
Then, while the body on the car they laid,
He groans, and calls on loved Patroclus’ shade:
“If, in that gloom which never light must know,
The deeds of mortals touch the ghosts below,
O friend! forgive me, that I thus fulfil
(Restoring Hector) heaven’s unquestion’d will.
The gifts the father gave, be ever thine,
To grace thy manes, and adorn thy shrine.” 4
He said, and, entering, took his seat of state;
Where full before him reverend Priam sate;
To whom, composed, the godlike chief begun:
“Lo! to thy prayer restored, thy breathless son;
Extended on the funeral couch he lies;
And soon as morning paints the eastern skies,
The sight is granted to thy longing eyes:
But now the peaceful hours of sacred night
Demand reflection, and to rest invite:
Nor thou, O father! thus consumed with woe,
The common cares that nourish life forego.
Not thus did Niobe, of form divine,
A parent once, whose sorrows equall’d thine:
Six youthful sons, as many blooming maids,
In one sad day beheld the Stygian shades;
Those by Apollo’s silver bow were slain,
These, Cynthia’s arrows stretch’d upon the plain:
So was her pride chastised by wrath divine,
Who match’d her own with bright Latona’s line;
But two the goddess, twelve the queen enjoy’d;
Those boasted twelve, the avenging two destroy’d.
Steep’d in their blood, and in the dust outspread,
Nine days, neglected, lay exposed the dead;
None by to weep them, to inhume them none;
(For Jove had turn’d the nation all to stone.)
The gods themselves, at length relenting gave
The unhappy race the honours of a grave.
Herself a rock (for such was heaven’s high will)
Through deserts wild now pours a weeping rill;
Where round the bed whence Achelous springs,
The watery fairies dance in mazy rings;
There high on Sipylus’s shaggy brow,
She stands, her own sad monument of woe;
The rock for ever lasts, the tears for ever flow.
“Such griefs, O king! have other parents known;
Remember theirs, and mitigate thy own.
The care of heaven thy Hector has appear’d,
Nor shall he lie unwept, and uninterr’d;
Soon may thy aged cheeks in tears be drown’d,
And all the eyes of Ilion stream around.”
He said, and, rising, chose the victim ewe
With silver fleece, which his attendants slew.
The limbs they sever from the reeking hide,
With skill prepare them, and in parts divide:
Each on the coals the separate morsels lays,
And, hasty, snatches from the rising blaze.
With bread the glittering canisters they load,
Which round the board Automedon bestow’d.
The chief himself to each his portion placed,
And each indulging shared in sweet repast.
When now the rage of hunger was repress’d,
The wondering hero eyes his royal guest:
No less the royal guest the hero eyes,
His godlike aspect and majestic size;
Here, youthful grace and noble fire engage;
And there, the mild benevolence of age.
Thus gazing long, the silence neither broke,
(A solemn scene!) at length the father spoke:
“Permit me now, beloved of Jove! to steep
My careful temples in the dew of sleep:
For, since the day that number’d with the dead
My hapless son, the dust has been my bed;
Soft sleep a stranger to my weeping eyes;
My only food, my sorrows and my sighs!
Till now, encouraged by the grace you give,
I share thy banquet, and consent to live.”
With that, Achilles bade prepare the bed,
With purple soft and shaggy carpets spread;
Forth, by the flaming lights, they bend their way,
And place the couches, and the coverings lay.
Then he: “Now, father, sleep, but sleep not here;
Consult thy safety, and forgive my fear,
Lest any Argive, at this hour awake,
To ask our counsel, or our orders take,
Approaching sudden to our open’d tent,
Perchance behold thee, and our grace prevent.
Should such report thy honour’d person here,
The king of men the ransom might defer;
But say with speed, if aught of thy desire
Remains unask’d; what time the rites require
To inter thy Hector? For, so long we stay
Our slaughtering arm, and bid the hosts obey.”
“If then thy will permit (the monarch said)
To finish all due honours to the dead,
This of thy grace accord: to thee are known
The fears of Ilion, closed within her town;
And at what distance from our walls aspire
The hills of Ide, and forests for the fire.
Nine days to vent our sorrows I request,
The tenth shall see the funeral and the feast;
The next, to raise his monument be given;
The twelfth we war, if war be doom’d by heaven!”
“This thy request (replied the chief) enjoy:
Till then our arms suspend the fall of Troy.”
Then gave his hand at parting, to prevent
The old man’s fears, and turn’d within the tent;
Where fair Briseis, bright in blooming charms,
Expects her hero with desiring arms.
But in the porch the king and herald rest;
Sad dreams of care yet wandering in their breast.
Now gods and men the gifts of sleep partake;
Industrious Hermes only was awake,
The king’s return revolving in his mind,
To pass the ramparts, and the watch to blind.
The power descending hover’d o’er his head:
“And sleep’st thou, father! (thus the vision said:)
Now dost thou sleep, when Hector is restored?
Nor fear the Grecian foes, or Grecian lord?
Thy presence here should stern Atrides see,
Thy still surviving sons may sue for thee;
May offer all thy treasures yet contain,
To spare thy age; and offer all in vain.”
Waked with the word the trembling sire arose,
And raised his friend: the god before him goes:
He joins the mules, directs them with his hand,
And moves in silence through the hostile land.
When now to Xanthus’ yellow stream they drove,
(Xanthus, immortal progeny of Jove,)
The winged deity forsook their view,
And in a moment to Olympus flew.
Now shed Aurora round her saffron ray,
Sprang through the gates of light, and gave the day:
Charged with the mournful load, to Ilion go
The sage and king, majestically slow.
Cassandra first beholds, from Ilion’s spire,
The sad procession of her hoary sire;
Then, as the pensive pomp advanced more near,
(Her breathless brother stretched upon the bier,)
A shower of tears o’erflows her beauteous eyes,
Alarming thus all Ilion with her cries:
“Turn here your steps, and here your eyes employ,
Ye wretched daughters, and ye sons of Troy!
If e’er ye rush’d in crowds, with vast delight,
To hail your hero glorious from the fight,
Now meet him dead, and let your sorrows flow;
Your common triumph, and your common woe.”
In thronging crowds they issue to the plains;
Nor man nor woman in the walls remains;
In every face the self-same grief is shown;
And Troy sends forth one universal groan.
At Scaea’s gates they meet the mourning wain,
Hang on the wheels, and grovel round the slain.
The wife and mother, frantic with despair,
Kiss his pale cheek, and rend their scatter’d hair:
Thus wildly wailing, at the gates they lay;
And there had sigh’d and sorrow’d out the day;
But godlike Priam from the chariot rose:
“Forbear (he cried) this violence of woes;
First to the palace let the car proceed,
Then pour your boundless sorrows o’er the dead.”
The waves of people at his word divide,
Slow rolls the chariot through the following tide;
Even to the palace the sad pomp they wait:
They weep, and place him on the bed of state.
A melancholy choir attend around,
With plaintive sighs, and music’s solemn sound:
Alternately they sing, alternate flow
The obedient tears, melodious in their woe.
While deeper sorrows groan from each full heart,
And nature speaks at every pause of art.
First to the corse the weeping consort flew;
Around his neck her milk-white arms she threw,
“And oh, my Hector! Oh, my lord! (she cries)
Snatch’d in thy bloom from these desiring eyes!
Thou to the dismal realms for ever gone!
And I abandon’d, desolate, alone!
An only son, once comfort of our pains,
Sad product now of hapless love, remains!
Never to manly age that son shall rise,
Or with increasing graces glad my eyes:
For Ilion now (her great defender slain)
Shall sink a smoking ruin on the plain.
Who now protects her wives with guardian care?
Who saves her infants from the rage of war?
Now hostile fleets must waft those infants o’er
(Those wives must wait them) to a foreign shore:
Thou too, my son, to barbarous climes shall go,
The sad companion of thy mother’s woe;
Driven hence a slave before the victor’s sword
Condemn’d to toil for some inhuman lord:
Or else some Greek whose father press’d the plain,
Or son, or brother, by great Hector slain,
In Hector’s blood his vengeance shall enjoy,
And hurl thee headlong from the towers of Troy. 5
For thy stern father never spared a foe:
Thence all these tears, and all this scene of woe!
Thence many evils his sad parents bore,
His parents many, but his consort more.
Why gav’st thou not to me thy dying hand?
And why received not I thy last command?
Some word thou would’st have spoke, which, sadly dear,
My soul might keep, or utter with a tear;
Which never, never could be lost in air,
Fix’d in my heart, and oft repeated there!”
Thus to her weeping maids she makes her moan,
Her weeping handmaids echo groan for groan.
The mournful mother next sustains her part:
“O thou, the best, the dearest to my heart!
Of all my race thou most by heaven approved,
And by the immortals even in death beloved!
While all my other sons in barbarous bands
Achilles bound, and sold to foreign lands,
This felt no chains, but went a glorious ghost,
Free, and a hero, to the Stygian coast.
Sentenced, ’tis true, by his inhuman doom,
Thy noble corse was dragg’d around the tomb;
(The tomb of him thy warlike arm had slain;)
Ungenerous insult, impotent and vain!
Yet glow’st thou fresh with every living grace;
No mark of pain, or violence of face:
Rosy and fair! as Phoebus’ silver bow
Dismiss’d thee gently to the shades below.”
Thus spoke the dame, and melted into tears.
Sad Helen next in pomp of grief appears;
Fast from the shining sluices of her eyes
Fall the round crystal drops, while thus she cries.
“Ah, dearest friend! in whom the gods had join’d 6
Tne mildest manners with the bravest mind,
Now twice ten years (unhappy years) are o’er
Since Paris brought me to the Trojan shore,
(O had I perish’d, ere that form divine
Seduced this soft, this easy heart of mine!)
Yet was it ne’er my fate, from thee to find
A deed ungentle, or a word unkind.
When others cursed the authoress of their woe,
Thy pity check’d my sorrows in their flow.
If some proud brother eyed me with disdain,
Or scornful sister with her sweeping train,
Thy gentle accents soften’d all my pain.
For thee I mourn, and mourn myself in thee,
The wretched source of all this misery.
The fate I caused, for ever I bemoan;
Sad Helen has no friend, now thou art gone!
Through Troy’s wide streets abandon’d shall I roam!
In Troy deserted, as abhorr’d at home!”
So spoke the fair, with sorrow-streaming eye.
Distressful beauty melts each stander-by.
On all around the infectious sorrow grows;
But Priam check’d the torrent as it rose:
“Perform, ye Trojans! what the rites require,
And fell the forests for a funeral pyre;
Twelve days, nor foes nor secret ambush dread;
Achilles grants these honours to the dead.” 7
He spoke, and, at his word, the Trojan train
Their mules and oxen harness to the wain,
Pour through the gates, and fell’d from Ida’s crown,
Roll back the gather’d forests to the town.
These toils continue nine succeeding days,
And high in air a sylvan structure raise.
But when the tenth fair morn began to shine,
Forth to the pile was borne the man divine,
And placed aloft; while all, with streaming eyes,
Beheld the flames and rolling smokes arise.
Soon as Aurora, daughter of the dawn,
With rosy lustre streak’d the dewy lawn,
Again the mournful crowds surround the pyre,
And quench with wine the yet remaining fire.
The snowy bones his friends and brothers place
(With tears collected) in a golden vase;
The golden vase in purple palls they roll’d,
Of softest texture, and inwrought with gold.
Last o’er the urn the sacred earth they spread,
And raised the tomb, memorial of the dead.
(Strong guards and spies, till all the rites were done,
Watch’d from the rising to the setting sun.)
All Troy then moves to Priam’s court again,
A solemn, silent, melancholy train:
Assembled there, from pious toil they rest,
And sadly shared the last sepulchral feast.
Such honours Ilion to her hero paid,
And peaceful slept the mighty Hector’s shade. 8
“The gauntlet-fight thus ended, from the shore
His faithful friends unhappy Dares bore:
His mouth and nostrils pour’d a purple flood,
And pounded teeth came rushing with his blood.”
Dryden’s Virgil, v. 623.
2 “Troilus is only once named in the Iliad; he was mentioned also in the Cypriad but his youth, beauty, and untimely end made him an object of great interest with the subsequent poets.”— Grote, i, p. 399.
3 Milton has rivalled this passage describing the descent of Gabriel, “Paradise Lost,” bk. v. 266, seq.
“Down thither prone in flight
He speeds, and through the vast ethereal sky
Sails between worlds and worlds, with steady wing,
Now on the polar winds, then with quick fan
Winnows the buxom air. * * * *
* * * *
At once on th’ eastern cliff of Paradise
He lights, and to his proper shape returns
A seraph wing’d. * * * *
Like Maia’s son he stood,
And shook his plumes, that heavenly fragrance fill’d
The circuit wide.”
Virgil, AEn. iv. 350:—
“Hermes obeys; with golden pinions binds
His flying feet, and mounts the western winds:
And whether o’er the seas or earth he flies,
With rapid force they bear him down the skies
But first he grasps within his awful hand
The mark of sovereign power, his magic wand;
With this he draws the ghost from hollow graves;
With this he drives them from the Stygian waves:
* * * *
Thus arm’d, the god begins his airy race,
And drives the racking clouds along the liquid space.”
4 In reference to the whole scene that follows, the remarks of Coleridge are well worth reading:—
“By a close study of life, and by a true and natural mode of expressing everything, Homer was enabled to venture upon the most peculiar and difficult situations, and to extricate himself from them with the completest success. The whole scene between Achilles and Priam, when the latter comes to the Greek camp for the purpose of redeeming the body of Hector, is at once the most profoundly skilful, and yet the simplest and most affecting passage in the Iliad. Quinctilian has taken notice of the following speech of Priam, the rhetorical artifice of which is so transcendent, that if genius did not often, especially in oratory, unconsciously fulfil the most subtle precepts of criticism, we might be induced, on this account alone, to consider the last book of the Iliad as what is called spurious, in other words, of later date than the rest of the poem. Observe the exquisite taste of Priam in occupying the mind of Achilles, from the outset, with the image of his father; in gradually introducing the parallel of his own situation; and, lastly, mentioning Hector’s name when he perceives that the hero is softened, and then only in such a manner as to flatter the pride of the conqueror. The ego d’eleeinoteros per, and the apusato aecha geronta, are not exactly like the tone of the earlier parts of the Iliad. They are almost too fine and pathetic. The whole passage defies translation, for there is that about the Greek which has no name, but which is of so fine and ethereal a subtlety that it can only be felt in the original, and is lost in an attempt to transfuse it into another language.”— Coleridge, p. 195.
5 “Achilles’ ferocious treatment of the corpse of Hector cannot but offend as referred to the modern standard of humanity. The heroic age, however, must be judged by its own moral laws. Retributive vengeance on the dead, as well as the living, was a duty inculcated by the religion of those barbarous times which not only taught that evil inflicted on the author of evil was a solace to the injured man; but made the welfare of the soul after death dependent on the fate of the body from which it had separated. Hence a denial of the rites essential to the soul’s admission into the more favoured regions of the lower world was a cruel punishment to the wanderer on the dreary shores of the infernal river. The complaint of the ghost of Patroclus to Achilles, of but a brief postponement of his own obsequies, shows how efficacious their refusal to the remains of his destroyer must have been in satiating the thirst of revenge, which, even after death, was supposed to torment the dwellers in Hades. Hence before yielding up the body of Hector to Priam, Achilles asks pardon of Patroclus for even this partial cession of his just rights of retribution.”— Mure, vol. i. 289.
6 Such was the fate of Astyanax, when Troy was taken.
“Here, from the tow’r by stern Ulysses thrown,
Andromache bewail’d her infant son.”
Merrick’s Tryphiodorus, v. 675.
7 The following observations of Coleridge furnish a most gallant and interesting view of Helen’s character —
“Few things are more interesting than to observe how the same hand that has given us the fury and inconsistency of Achilles, gives us also the consummate elegance and tenderness of Helen. She is through the Iliad a genuine lady, graceful in motion and speech, noble in her associations, full of remorse for a fault for which higher powers seem responsible, yet grateful and affectionate towards those with whom that fault had committed her. I have always thought the following speech in which Helen laments Hector, and hints at her own invidious and unprotected situation in Troy, as almost the sweetest passage in the poem. It is another striking instance of that refinement of feeling and softness of tone which so generally distinguish the last book of the Iliad from the rest.”— Classic Poets, p. 198, seq.
8 “And here we part with Achilles at the moment best calculated to exalt and purify our impression of his character. We had accompanied him through the effervescence, undulations, and final subsidence of his stormy passions. We now leave him in repose and under the full influence of the more amiable affections, while our admiration of his great qualities is chastened by the reflection that, within a few short days the mighty being in whom they were united was himself to be suddenly cut off in the full vigour of their exercise.
The frequent and touching allusions, interspersed throughout the Iliad, to the speedy termination of its hero’s course, and the moral on the vanity of human life which they indicate, are among the finest evidences of the spirit of ethic unity by which the whole framework of the poem is united.”— Mure, vol. i. p 201.
Last updated Friday, July 22, 2016 at 18:45 | <urn:uuid:d430d373-8792-48c4-a6d4-3d7bedc72e32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://ebooks.adelaide.edu.au/h/homer/h8ip/book24.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00388-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91868 | 14,592 | 1.914063 | 2 |
“The point of the fellowship is not just to look back and ask what went wrong, but also to look forward to the future and ask what role lawyers and doctors should play,” Prinz says. “As lawyers, do we only owe our clients a certain responsibility, or do we owe society a certain responsibility because of our chosen profession?”
Both women say their respective academic backgrounds and family heritages compelled them to apply for the fellowship. Prinz, who majored in classics and German literature at Washington and Lee University, studied abroad in Germany during her undergraduate career and spent a year there on a Fulbright teaching grant after graduation. Her father is Austrian — Prinz was born in Luxembourg — and her mother is Jewish.
Heaney, who majored in psychology at Wesleyan University, says all of her history classes there were related to World War II or Nazi Germany. She notes that the interdisciplinary nature of the fellowship really appealed to her; as a dual-degree candidate pursuing a master’s degree in psychology in addition to her law degree, she believes she brings a unique perspective to the group.
Family heritage was also a factor in her decision to apply, Heaney says. Her great grandfather was drafted into the German army during World War II, and after being captured, spent the rest of the war in a French prisoner of war camp.
As both women look forward to what they describe as a “traveling academic conference,” they are hopeful that this experience will inform their future academic studies and careers.
Heaney says she has become increasingly interested in international law — specifically international criminal law — through her work as a research assistant to Professor Madeline Morris. “I’m beginning to see a lot of connections between how the world handled Nazi Germany and how we’re going to handle Al Qaeda now,” she says.
And Prinz, who wants to one day become a prosecutor, says she looks forward to the program’s discussions about professional ethics. “When you talk about legal ethics, prosecutors especially have a duty to be ethical,” she says. “They also have the freedom to use some discretion — what kind of charges will you pursue and what kind of deals will you make? There are a lot of opportunities to wrestle with ethical decisions as a prosecutor.” | <urn:uuid:f9d63950-fda2-45a4-9c86-7fe0a993e28e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://law.duke.edu/news/two-duke-law-students-participate-fellowships-auschwitz-study-professional-ethics/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282140.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00129-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.979776 | 483 | 1.90625 | 2 |
What is a Merit Badge? Like the Scouts, a merit badge is an award for demonstrated mastery of a skill. Scouts have used badges for 100 years to motivate and recognize youth development. Badges have become popular as a reward mechanism in casual games and social networks like foursquare.com.
How could badges be used in education?
Like a gold star, a badge could be awarded for successful completion of any planned activity or for adhering to a code of conduct over a period of time. For this discussion, let’s define a merit badge as awarded competence for a skill or a unit of study with clearly define goals.
Why do Merit Badges make sense in education?
If we assume there would be about 500 K-12 merit badges (i.e., about one eighth of the number of individual standards, but about 8 times the number of courses or subject-years), badges are
- Right sized: bigger than a lesson on a subskill and smaller than a course on a subject, a unit that takes about 1-3 weeks to complete is just right to guide personalized progress.
- Motivational: badge accumulation will increase persistence and time on task.
- Flexible: units of study can be constructed using a variety of strategies that leverage community assets, industry clusters, and interests.
- Competency-based: students can take as much or as little time on particular units as necessary. Multiple assessments will certify mastery.
- Personalized: student will have some ability to choose the badges they work on and, within each badge, can customize their learning and how they demonstrate mastery.
A well constructed badge sequence would result in student clarity about what is expected and how they would demonstrate learning, “What do I need to learn, and how do I show what I know?” Individual badges will have:
- Clear goals that incorporate one or more Common Core standards
- Multiple forms of assessment including where possible an adaptive assessment (e.g., a game or sim), a benchmark assessment (e.g., an end of unit quiz), a performance assessment (e.g., an essay and presentation)
- Required elements and choice of elements (i.e., one of three options: project, experiment, tasks, or assignments)
- Multiple instructional resources including where possible text with voice over (e.g., Hippocampus), learning games (e.g., MangaHigh, Gamestar Mechanic), simulations (e.g., Phet) and virtual environments (e.g., MuzzyLane), ttutorials (e.g., Khan Academy), videos (e.g., Brightstorm, iTunes U)
Like any curriculum, design principles would guide badge development. For example, a set of design principles may require that students:
- write and wrestle with challenging text every day
- struggle with complex problems every week
- develop and defend a point of view
- form the financial literacy to build a sustainable life
- collaborate to produce quality work products on a timeline
- know enough about their world to form an informed perspective
- experience beauty and wonder in nature and in the act of creation
- spend time with adults they can imagine themselves becoming
- own expectations and make regular demonstrations of their learning
- experience success in what’s next: college, career, community service
Individual badges could be combined in to challenges (or super-badges) that are larger, longer, integrated thematic units of study.
What’s the right unit of study?
For 115 years, secondary education in the US has been organized around Carnegie Units, 120 contact hour with an instructor, which standardized transcripts for the benefit of college admissions process. For decades, states have defined graduation requirements in terms of credit hours by subject. For example, New York state requires 22 credits to graduate including four years of English and three years of math.
For more than a century, schools have grouped students by age group and have produced a normal distribution of academic results highly correlated with social status. For a century, textbooks have been produced to support a credit hour of study.
Historically, failure was treated by repeating a grade and more recently by social promotion—neither satisfactorily preparing a high percentage of students for college and careers. Recent interest in competency-based learning and dropout prevention has yielded schools that blend online and onsite learning to better personalize instruction—they make time the variable and learning the constant.
In the early 1990s nearly every state implemented academic standards. After 2001, the federal government required, for receipt of education funding, that every state have standards and test against those standards in grades three to eight. Each state defined thousands of discrete items that students should know and be able to do (e.g., Washington State has about 4100 learning expectations).
More than 40 states have adopted Common Core Standards—an attempt to create expectations that are fewer, clearer, and higher than most state standards—and there is high interest in tagging digital content to Core standards. The new standards were developed around knowledge and skills not courses making this a perfect time to reconsider the basic building blocks of education.
Digital learning makes it possible to imagine a customized learning experience for every student. The possibility begs the question, how should we organize learning? Should it be organized around and reported by the thousands of subskills? Most new electronic gradebooks facilitate reporting of student progress to the standard level. But working through a checklist of 4,000 discrete standards is hardly motivating even if there are a variety of possible learning strategies.
International commerce was revolutionized by asking what’s the right shipping container? The shift from print to digital is resulting in an explosion of content that will be tagged as objects, lessons, units, courses, and multi-grade sequences. School of One introduced the idea of a playlist as a customized learning sequence. It’s the right time to reconsider courses as the building block of secondary education. Lessons are too small, courses are too big, units of study are just right to facilitate personal digital learning.
What’s an example of a merit badge?
New Jersey has 12 categories of math standards, one is Number Sense. One of the 15 standards in grade 5 is Develop and use order relations for integers and rational numbers. Here’s an example of a subskill a 5th grader should possess and a question they should be able to answer:
Students gain understanding of the order relationships among fractions and integers by comparing them with similar ones for whole numbers.
How is the comparison of 4/7 to 5/7 like the comparison of 4 to 5? How is comparing 4/7 to 4/8 like comparing 7 to 8? How is comparing -4 to -7 like comparing 4 to 7?
This skill could be incorporated into merit badge on Parts that also investigated ratios, proportions, and percents. Instructional materials would include lessons, MangaHigh’s Flower Power, and videos. Students would be requires to apply their knowledge and could choose between a sports, music, and current events activities. All students would be required to write a short set of instructions demonstrating command of ratios and order relations.
The Parts badge could be combined with a social studies badge and a science badge to create a larger six week thematic challenge for a groups of four students. Teachers could create challenges and students can suggest challenges as part of an individual learning plan.
How would teacher students access badges?
Merit Badge folders will carry a Creative Commons license and will be available on the OER Learning publisher page on a social learning library like Edmodo. Schools could gain access to an entire secondary curriculum for free but may want to purchase assessment services and implementation support.
Some schools/teachers will choose a few units of study or a course sequence like Algebra 1, Geometry, and Algebra 2. Other schools will adopt the entire curriculum and a blended performance-based school model.
Teachers could provide access to as many badges as they thought was productive to groups of students. Some schools may assign one or two units at a time, others would provide access to the full library of units and allow students more flexibility in the units that students attempt.
How would teachers track student progress?
Students and advisors will set goals for badge accumulation. A standards-based gradebook will be modified to track progress against standards well we as badges earned. Badges will be converted into courses for a transcript purposes (to support college admissions).
How will merit badge schools operate?
The curriculum will be ideal for blended secondary schools. It will facilitate a significant about of individual autonomous work. Some badges will require collaborative effort; the total amount of collaboration will vary depending on how productive it is as a learning strategy for individual students.
Adaptive assessments and transcripts will be used to place students in the badge sequence. Badges will be translated into courses for transcript purposes.
Badges will not require whole group instruction, but some schools may want to incorporate seminars around constructed challenges. Students may be required to take end of course assessments or end of year assessments; schools may want to incorporate test-prep activities.
As noted in March, “the Common Core creates a great opportunity to revise state standards and assessments. By defining competency clusters and related groups of assessments, ‘merit badges’ could replace courses, credits and seat time matriculation.” Merit badges could boost motivation, personalize learning, and improve operating efficiency. | <urn:uuid:78ccc004-e5ac-4757-8d2a-275800db7c52> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gettingsmart.com/2011/01/on-merit-badges/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00497-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949095 | 1,946 | 4 | 4 |
Solar photovoltaic (PV) plants are popular sources of renewable energy. Factors that affect the performance of energy collection through PV facilities include the material of the solar panels and the incident irradiation that reach their surface. In this context, evaluations reported in the literature normally assess the effects of using different materials and tracking systems to follow the sun position throughout the day; however, these evaluations usually analyze these properties independently and focus mainly on energy yield. From a practical perspective, to assess the effective utility of solar technology as a valid alternative to fossil fuels for energy generation, the evaluations should take a holistic approach, considering different types of technology and the specific operational conditions of the target environment. For example, the relative gains of using an advanced tracking system might be significant in cold climates.& nbsp;This paper presents a performance analysis of an on-grid microgrid installed in the south-central part of Chile, composed by a variety of PV modules, inverters, and fixed and tracking mounting structures, with a combined installed capacity of 41.2 kWp. The evaluation also considers the impact of the different technologies under study in terms of CO2 emission mitigation capacity. The analysis performed over the data collected during two years shows that different configurations and combinations of silicon PV panels and mounting systems have different benefits and drawbacks depending on the target metric and environmental conditions. Regarding tracking performance, the PV Systems with solar tracking develop annual capacity factors of up to 25.89% (with up to 39% during summer), while some of the fixed system can only reach a 18.56% (with up to 24% during summer) during the same period of evaluation. The results allow for the quantification of the impact that different tracking systems have on key performance indicators in regions such as the one considered in this study. (C)& nbsp;2022 International Energy Initiative. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Performance evaluation of different solar modules and mounting structures on an on-grid photovoltaic system in south-central Chile
0 pre-pub reviews
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Discover why toxins are very bad for your health many of them can have a devastating effect on your family as well...
Toxins: I personally stay away from natural foods. At my age I need all the preservatives I can get.George Burns.
Avoid them if you can on daily basis and make it a habit. Being born in Chile and been here in Mansonville, Quebec, Canada is a blessing I’m very happy.
However one of the things that really bothers me is to see the use of toxins on everything we use daily, eat and breathe.
Now what can we do about?
Well, the way I’m doing is learning about how to read labels, understand the expiration dates, eating less meat specially beef and cutting on sugar consumption as much as I can. That’s a real challenge for me, but I need to look out on a long range meaning live longer.
Here in Canada where I live we have very strong laws and the fines are very strict regarding toxins, however it is not enough. I also avoid all kind of junk food and here are some other foods you should avoid.
For best results, eat responsibly and avoid heavily processed foods, processed meats, hydrogenated oils, alcohol, artificial colors and flavors, additives, white flour products (breads, crackers, pretzels, bagels, etc.)
High-glycemic foods, NutraSweet (aspartame), coffee, and caffeinated soda I just remember what a friend of mine told me once "just remember you are what you eat"
Toxins, Poisons, Highly Processed Food And The Body.
Our ancestors preserved foods naturally, using salt, fermentation, and sun drying. Food processing has evolved away from these simple practices into more complicated and dubious methods. Today, nearly six thousand additives and chemicals are used by food companies to process our food. Many of them can have a devastating effect on our health.
What Exactly Is Processed Food Anyway?
If it's boxed, bagged, canned or jarred and has a list of ingredients on the label, it's processed.
Methods used to process foods include:
Processed foods have been altered from their natural state for safety and convenience reasons. And scary as it seems, about 90 percent of the money that Americans spend on food is used to buy processed items.
Processed food facts
It is important to note the fact that additives and preservatives cannot always be painted with a negative brush. The addition of vitamins to bread and milk has helped to stamp out diseases such as pellagra and rickets.
Unfortunately, the good intentions that characterized the processed food and meat industry during the early days have now de-evolved to finding ways to cheaply process food and manipulate buyers, regardless of the detrimental affects on the health of Americans.
Today, many additives and preservatives are harmful toxic chemicals as problematic as the decay they are used to prevent.
More on Processed food facts
In addition to the nearly six thousand chemicals and additives in our food, preserving processes have changed beyond recognition from the simple use of vinegar, salt, and sunshine. Many processed foods are stripped bare, rendering them of little or no nutritional value.
Worse, foods are deliberately tampered with to create the desire for more. And the health effects of certain processing methods – such as the very controversial irradiation – are not yet known.
Discover the secret to eliminate toxins from your body.
When you learn how to eliminate harmful impurities, excess pounds and all kind of sugar, you will be amazed to see how you will naturally feel, specially sugar, because sugar raises the insulin level in your body, which in turn depresses the immune system.
When you eat something with a lot of sugar in it, the pancreas is stimulated to produce insulin. Insulin promotes the storage of fat, so eating a lot of sugary foods is likely to interfere with any attempt to lose weight or to know What is my ideal weight?
Read labels to determine the healthiest food options. Nutrition labels offer a wealth of information to help you make good choices. Pay attention to the serving size, calories, fat, sodium and sugars. You're on your way to being healthy, clean, and lean.
Cleanse yourself lose weight.com is powered by: Site Build ItNow that you retire we can help you build a website and make money from your home
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Click below to get your FREE business report"The Attraction Marketer's Manifesto" by Ann Sieg.It will show you exactly.How to make a living online in the network marketing industry! | <urn:uuid:6db120de-dd63-4f69-a05e-4b64f27f6f3e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cleanse-yourself-lose-weight.com/toxins.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00222-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.957526 | 960 | 2.25 | 2 |
Sterilizing your houseplant's potting soil before you plant can be a good idea, because potting soil not labeled "sterilized" may contain fungi or other diseases. But horticulturalists at Washington State University Cooperative Extension say these diseases are rarely present, and if they are, they pose the most threat to seedling houseplants. Since sterilizing soil gets rid of healthy soil bacteria as well, they recommend only sterilizing soil that will be used to plant seeds.
Line a colander with paper towels.
Fill the colander with your potting soil.
Pour boiling water over the potting soil until it is soaked.
Leave the colander full of potting soil in the sink to drain and return to room temperature.
Fill your planting container with the cooled, still-moist potting soil and plant.
Place moistened potting soil in a clay pot or other oven-safe container.
Bake the soil at around 300 degrees F until a thermometer inserted into the middle of the soil reads 140. Keep the interior of the soil at this temperature for 30 minutes.
Remove the potting soil from the oven. Allow it to return to room temperature before using it to plant seeds.
About this Author
Emma Gin is a freelance writer who specializes in green, healthy and smart living. She is currently working on developing a weight-loss website that focuses on community and re-education. Gin is also working on a collection of short stories, because she knows what they say about idle hands. | <urn:uuid:e13eb8d3-6f09-4d75-a5f1-2c6199c87c04> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.gardenguides.com/127067-sterilize-houseplants-potting-soil.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280825.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00201-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.913785 | 317 | 2.859375 | 3 |
MESSAGE OF THE PROPHETS - JEREMIAH 7
God appears to Jeremiah in a cloud (14th century).
A fascinating aspect of Jeremiah 7:1-15 is its density as a summary of the message of Israels prophets. A number of details keep interpreters busy; the main thrust is what will concern us here.
Particularly intriguingand not noticed enoughis that the text does not report a speech from Jeremiah to the people but a command from God to Jeremiah: Proclaim there this word (7:2). The prophetic message is coming straight from the horses mouth, from God. Surprisingly, there is no record of Jeremiahs delivering the speech.
The theme recurs in another story, in Jeremiah 26 (our topic in the next issue), but it is a different story. Jeremiah 7 is about the message of the prophets; Jeremiah 26 is about the fate of the prophets. The two provide an excellent example of the potential of what may have been one event to generate two different accounts.
The speech is to be addressed to the people of Judah entering the Jerusalem temple, presumably on a feast day; it is a dense text. The proclamation is put both positively, Amend your ways, and negatively, Do not trust in these deceptive words. The plea to amend assumes there is still time for it; later, after v. 12, the time for amendment has passed. Many argue that two independent passages have been combined. If so, the combination is eminently understandable; two stages are indicated.
The principal focus of the sermon is on the behaviours that are to be amended and the deceptive words that are not to be trusted. The two are spelled out globally in vv. 3-4. The behaviours (v. 3) are taken up in vv. 5-7; the deceptive words (v. 4) are unpacked in vv. 8-10. In both cases, the issues are identical: social injustice and religious infidelity. In vv. 5-7, the issue of social injustice is given particular emphasis; if anything, in vv. 8-10, religious infidelity is given rather more space.
Amendment (vv. 5-7) is articulated first in terms of social justice: if you truly act justly with one another. This is spelled out in the traditional triad of the defencelessthe alien, the orphan, and the widow. To this is added Jeremiahs particular interest in the shedding of innocent blood in this place (the land or the temple). Religious infidelity is listed second, going after other gods, with the particular focus of to your own hurt. Religious infidelity may not damage God; it certainly damages Israel.
The destructive words come next (vv. 8-10). First, categories of social injustice: stealing, murder, adultery, dishonesty; second, religious infidelity: making offerings to Baal and going after other gods that you have not known. The reasons for the great attraction that the worship of Baal exercised on Israel are unknown to us. Apparently, early in Israels story, it did not seem to be a problem; King Saul gave two of his sons names with the god-element Baal (Ishbaal and Meribaal). Later the worship of Baal became an enormous problem to Israelperhaps much as practical atheism is to so many of us today. Other gods you have not known may point to the attraction of novelty. The familiar easily becomes boring; Israel was surely familiar with their God.
Whatever we make of Israels motives, the outcome was clear. Social injustice and religious infidelity made Israel incompatible with God. As northern Israel had lost its freedom to the Assyrians in 722 (the northern exile), so Judah would lose its freedom to the Babylonians in 587 (the exile). From Jeremiah, the word was devastating: I will cast you out of my sight (v. 15). | <urn:uuid:f8926cea-e978-462d-a90b-f73a194331e2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.madonnamagazine.com.au/articles/0505campbell.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00079-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953941 | 804 | 2.625 | 3 |
Whether we like it or not, the omnipresence of fur on the catwalk is inescapable, with every season bringing an increasing number of fur looks into the magazines and stores. The figures released by the International Fur Federation currently value the fur trade at $40 billion (£24 million), on par with the value of the global Wi-Fi market.
Fur has become an almost expected part of celebrity culture with the likes of Lady Gaga, Kim Kardashian and Rachel Zoe all pushing the trend throughout the year. While we are becoming used to its appearance, does that make it acceptable and should we be allowing designers to raise the percentage of fur in collections, year upon year?
The Telegraph spoke to Mark Oaten, the CEO of the IFF, who pointed out that alongside the recent cold weather in North America, the recent surge in popularity of fur on the catwalk was one of the main factors contributing to the increase in popularity of the fur trade. "It's easy to get caught up in the emotions the business can generate, but the truth is that the fur trade is an economic cornerstone in Europe and beyond. Much of the fashion and increasingly the soft furnishings world relies on fur — and will continue to do so for the foreseeable future."
Whether this is the case or not, there are many who do not see these figures as something just to accept. Vogue Uk spoke to PETA today who told them, "No matter what the industry has to say for itself, ripping the fur from animals who did not want to die just for a coat can never be defensible."
It cannot be denied that the industry is certainly profitable, but it is unlikely that the issue will ever remain uncontested. | <urn:uuid:b4457f8d-7e6e-44ed-b4e1-afb62f56574e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thefashionspot.com.au/buzz-news/latest-news/390379-fur-trade-is-valued-at-40-billion/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00197-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959141 | 347 | 1.617188 | 2 |
Ecology and sociotechnical systems research – motivations for theoretical and methodological integration across fields
Övrigt konferensbidrag, 2017
Currently, we are witnessing a number of global trends that do not promise well for the future. Accelerating climate change, loss of biodiversity, chemical pollution, disappearance of natural forest and degradation of fishing grounds and agricultural lands are just a few of the serious environmental problems that threaten the functional and structural integrity of ecosystems, to an extent that also human societies risk collapse. The scale of human impact is now such that scholars suggest that we live in the Anthropocene. The trends are driven by several linked factors, which are not easily disentangled into manageable specific problems to be solved by specific policies. More than ever, interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaborations are needed in order to address these urgent challenges.
The objective of this paper is to argue for the importance of research on socio-technical-ecological systems (STES) rather than social-ecological (SES) and sociotechnical systems (STS) separately. Hence, we address researchers in both the social-ecological and sociotechnical fields. We organize the argument around six reasons why “technology” should be integrated into SES studies. We call these reasons: (1) the interface and mediation aspect, (2) ambivalence, (3) the agency aspect, (4) the question of scale, (5) the question of governance and politics, and (6) the question of epistemology and framing. We also highlight potential conceptual conflicts and mistranslations. Our discussion is primarily a theoretical argument, exemplified with empirical examples.
Among the conceptual challenges, we note that SES scholars, if they consider technology in their analyses, generally treat it as an exogenous factor or as a passive background element. Similarly, STS scholars tend to neglect ecological dynamics and refer to the ecological domain mainly in terms of inputs and outputs, e.g. natural resources, environmental and health problems caused by human activities. In light of the discussion, we conclude that the importance of collaborating across the two fields goes beyond each field adding pieces together. We argue that integration and translation across these domains will lead to qualitative change in the theoretical and methodological approaches of both fields; and that technology, society and ecology should be given symmetric analytical attention. | <urn:uuid:fddd7038-50dc-466f-9026-c859d1fc4dd4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://research.chalmers.se/publication/249320 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.915625 | 509 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Jarosławiec Lighthouse (54°32.5'N, 16°32.7'E) black round tower near
a grey dwelling, 31m in height stands close inland, above the high
steep coastline. A horn fog signal is sounded from a round tower about
3 cables NE of the lighthouse.
Quayage and berthing facilities
A fishing harbour consists of a section of open beach, from which
boats are launched with a two-drum electric winch. Beach fishing
facilities include simple storage sheds for nets, outboard motors,
fuel, and other supplies.
Beach slip for fishing boats.
Not available locally.
Cold storage capacity
Chilling storage capacity
Frozen fish transport
Types and size of fishing fleet
17 fishing boats (length of 8 to 11 m) and average engine power of 35.5 HP.
Types of fish landed (in tonnes) (1995)
Słupsk, approx. 36 km
Jarosławiec, a fishing village and a seaside resort of Central
Pomerania. It has one of the loveliest beaches on the Polish Baltic.
The first written information about Jarosławiec (know this time
as Garzhouede) was in 1459.
Populations is about 500. Jarosławiec lies alongside a cliff shore
near two nice lakes: Lake Wicko (area 1,059 ha with depth up to 6.1 m)
and Lake Kopań (area 790 ha with a depth up to 3.9 m). The area is a
favourite place for anglers practising sport fishing. There are old
fishermens cottages of wooden clay design, and a lighthouse dating
from 1829, heighten in 1853 and 1902.
Many modern hotels and tourist complexes have been built in Jarosławiec
in response to the demands of the tourist industry. Popular hiking
trials lead to Lake Wicko.
The catch, from fishing boats, is sold directly to consumers from the
boat or to middlemen who distribute the fish within a wider area. | <urn:uuid:12ecec51-b02c-44cb-a003-91333ac6a833> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://maritime.com.pl/port/indexp-en.php?p=JAROSLAWIEC | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.842057 | 556 | 2.046875 | 2 |
|Número de publicación||US4439328 A|
|Tipo de publicación||Concesión|
|Número de solicitud||US 06/334,837|
|Fecha de publicación||27 Mar 1984|
|Fecha de presentación||28 Dic 1981|
|Fecha de prioridad||28 Dic 1981|
|Número de publicación||06334837, 334837, US 4439328 A, US 4439328A, US-A-4439328, US4439328 A, US4439328A|
|Inventores||Randolph M. Moity|
|Cesionario original||Moity Randolph M|
|Exportar cita||BiBTeX, EndNote, RefMan|
|Citas de patentes (7), Citada por (91), Clasificaciones (26), Eventos legales (6)|
|Enlaces externos: USPTO, Cesión de USPTO, Espacenet|
The invention relates to a composition which is effective in: increasing the cuttings carrying capacity of a clay-containing drilling fluid; formulating spacer fluids for use in cementing operations in oil and gas wells; and for formulating lost circulation pills for use in well servicing applications.
It is generally agreed among those skilled in the art that a rotary system is an acceptable form of drilling an oil or gas well. This system depends upon the rotation of a string of drill pipe to the bottom of which is attached a multi-pronged drilling bit. The bit cuts into the earth causing the cuttings to accumulate as drilling continues. As a result, a fluid must be used to carry these cuttings to the surface for removal, thus allowing the bit to continue functioning and the bottom hole to be kept clean and free of cuttings at all times. Drilling systems other than the rotary system are sometimes employed during drilling operations. Nevertheless, these systems still require a drilling fluid to remove the borehole cuttings and to otherwise perform functions related to drilling fluids.
During the initial stages of drilling an oil and gas well, a large diameter borehole is desired. This necessitates the removal of a large volume of drill cuttings from the borehole, and thus the drilling fluid must have excellent carrying capacity as exhibited by a high yield point, and particularly a high yield point to plastic viscosity ratio.
The characteristics of the mud used for spudding-in a well vary widely over the world. Some locations are spudded-in through conductor pipe already cemented in the collar, and some locations require that the length of the kelly and a few joints of drill pipe be drilled down, in order to cement one or more joints of conductor casing. With the latter wells, the circulation is frequently carried through a ditch dug in the surface soil. The cement drilled out of the conductor contaminates the spud mud. Most of the contaminated mud will be discarded before drilling continues below the conductor.
Frequently the formations near the surface are soil, loose sand, and gravel. The mud should form a wall cake on these formations to prevent caving and hole enlargement, and should have body enough to carry out the cuttings and gravel encountered in this fast drilling section. When the make-up water is soft and the formations near the surface make mud, an ideal situation exists for spudding in a well. When conditions are otherwise bentonite or clay is mixed to make spud mud, and sometimes the make-up water must be treated with soda ash and lime.
With fair make-up water, 20 sacks of bentonite will make from 80 to 100 bbl. of mud; 20 sacks of premium clay will make from 45 to 65 bbl. of mud; and 20 sacks of the cheaper drilling clays will make from 10 to 20 bbl. of mud. Annular velocities are low in the large conductor pipe hole, and many operators use enough clay to make a thick mud that will more readily remove surface sands and gravels. Generally, only bentonite or premium clay is used. Usually the spud mud will be mixed by one member of the crew while the final rigging up is being done. Water is run into the pit and circulated through the hopper where the clay is carefully mixed at a rate of from 2 to 15 minutes per sack. If any clay balls up and floats on the surface, it indicates that the mixing has probably been at too fast a rate, and the guns must be used to stir in the clay. The mixing of clay should be continued until a funnel viscosity of 30 to 35 seconds is reached. The viscosity will increase as the mud ages and picks up solids while drilling.
Many operators mix clay and water and then add lime. Lime thickens the mud and less clay is required to build any desired viscosity. The spud mud is usually discarded or watered after surface pipe is set; hence the addition of lime is not as objectionable as with muds used in deeper drilling, where good filtration properties are desired.
Circulation in a drilling well can be lost into fractures induced by excessive mud pressures, into pre-existing open fractures, or into large openings with structural strength. Depending on the cause of loss, remedial measures involve reducing the pressure exerted by the circulating fluid, or plugging the openings through which the drilling fluid is escaping. The openings may be closed by introducing a slurry which becomes stiff, or by introducing a bridging or plugging solid so that normal filtration can occur. Often the bridging or plugging solids are included in compositions that form stiff plugs or set hard. Many materials have been used to prevent or overcome lost circulation, including asbestos, bagasse, flax shives, hog hair, leather, mineral wool, paper, wood products, and cotton products.
Spacer fluids are used in well servicing operations to prevent the inter-mixing of two fluids, such as oil mud and water mud, drilling fluids and cement, drilling fluids and completion fluids, and the like. Spacer fluids are generally viscous and may be of high density depending on the density of the fluids which it is desired to keep separated.
It is an object of this invention to provide a well servicing fluid additive which is effective in enhancing the cuttings carrying capacity of an aqueous clay-containing drilling fluid.
It is another object of this invention to provide an additive which can be easily mixed with water to form a lost circulation pill or spacer fluid.
It is still another object of this invention to provide a method of alleviating lost circulation in a borehole and a method of preventing the admixing of two dissimilar fluids in a borehole.
While the invention is susceptible of various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments thereof will hereinafter be described in detail and shown by way of example. It should be understood, however, that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular forms disclosed, but, on the contrary, the invention is to cover all modifications and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the appended claims.
The compositions can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the stated materials. The method can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of the stated steps with the stated materials.
The present invention provides a fluid, pourable well servicing fluid additive comprising an oleaginous liquid, a water-soluble polymer, an alkaline earth metal base, a gellant for the oleaginous liquid, optionally a dispersant for the gellant, and a fibrous material, all as hereinafter set forth. The preferred additive is an easily handable, pourable slurry or suspension which readily mixes with aqueous liquids to increase the pH, build viscosity, increase the cuttings carrying capacity, and flocculate any clays contained in the aqueous liquid.
The oleaginous liquid useful in the present invention may be any organic liquid which has no substantial swelling effect on the water-soluble polymer utilized in the invention. The preferred oleaginous liquid is a hydrocarbon, most preferably a distilled petroleum fraction having a low viscosity and high flash and fire points. Suitable hydrocarbons include light mineral oils, diesel fuel, kerosene, odorless mineral spirits, and the like.
The polymer useful in this invention is a water dispersible or soluble hydrophilic colloid selected from the group consisting of cellulose derivatives, gum ghatti, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, locust bean gum, gum karaya, guar gum, carrageenan, algin, biopolymers, and mixtures thereof. These polymers may be used unmodified, as normally isolated from their source materials, or they may be modified by hydroxyalkylation, carboxyalkylation, or mixed hydroxyalkylation carboxyalkylation to form ether derivatives, such as hydroxyethyl ethers, hydroxypropyl ethers, carboxymethyl ethers, mixed hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl ethers, and the like, as is well known in the polymer art. Many of these derivatives form clear solutions in water. Thus the term water-soluble polymer is intended to mean polymers which form collodial solutions or colloidal dispersions in water.
The sources of these gums are well known, Thus gum ghatti is derived from an exudate of the Anogeissus latifolia tree of the Combretaccae family. Gum arabic is derived from an exudate of the acacia tree. Gum tragacanth is derived from an exudate of various species of shrubs belonging to the genus Astragalus. Gum karaya is derived from an exudate of the Sterculia ureus tree. Locust bean gum is derived from the fruit of the carbo tree (Ceratonia siliqua). Guar gum is derived from the seeds of two annual leguminous plants, Cyamopsis tetragonalobus and Cyamopsis psoraloides. Algin is derived from all brown seaweeds, of the family Phaeophyceae, although principally from the giant kelp Macrosystis pyrifera. Carrogeenan is derived from certain species of red seaweeds of the Gigartinaceae, Solieriaceae, Phyllophoraceae, and Hypneaceae families.
The biopolymers useful in this invention are biopolymers produced by a process comprising the microbial transformation of carbohydrate with a microorganism to obtain a polymeric material which differs from the parent polymeric material in respect of composition, properties and structure. Suitable carbohydrates include sugars such as pentoses or hexoses, for example glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, lactose, galactose, and starches, for example soluble starch, corn starch and the like. Crude products having a high carbohydrate concentration can be used. Among suitable materials there may be mentioned raw sugar, crude molasses and the like. Microorganisms suitable for effecting the microbial transformation of the carbohydrates may be for example plant pathogenic bacteria such as plant pathogens which produce exudates of the site of lesions on infected plants. Typical of such microoganisms are the species of the genus Xanthomonas. Thus, for example, a heteropolysaccharide biopolymer may be prepared from glucose by the action of Xanthomonas campestris (XC polymer). Commercially available xanthan gum biopolymers can be obtained from Kelco Div., Merck & Co., Inc. under the trademark of "Kelzan" and General Mills, Inc. under the trademark "Biopolymer XB 23". Other species of Xanthomonas bacteria which are useful in preparing the biopolymers include Xanthomonas phaseoli, Xanthomonas mulvacearn, Xanthomonas carotae, Xanthomonas translucens, Xanthomonas hederae and Xanthomonas papavericoli. See for example Jordan U.S. Pat. No. 3,748,201, incorporated herein by reference. Other biopolymers, so-called synthetic gums, which are useful in this invention are: gum dextran synthesized by the action of the bacterium known as genus Leuconostoc Van Tieghemend on sucrose, as described by Bailey et. al. in U.S. Pat. No. 2,360,327; phosphorylated mannan synthesized by the action of the yeast Hansenula holstii NRRL-Y2448 on glucose as disclosed in United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Northern Utilization Research and Development Division, Peoria, Ill., Bulletin CA-N-7, October, 1958; gums produced by the action of diphtheriodic bacteria such as Arthrobacter viscous NRRL B-1973 and Arthrobacter viscous NRRL B-1797 as disclosed in Cadmus et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,228,855; gum produced by the action of methylomonas mucosa as described in Finn et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,923,782; gum produced by the action of Erwinia tahitica as disclosed in Kang et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,933,788; and gum produced by the action of Azotobacter indicus var. Myxogenes as disclosed in Kang et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,960,832.
Accordingly, the invention provides a well servicing fluid additive wherein the polymer may comprise gum ghatti, gum arabic, gum tragacanth, locust bean gum, gum karaya, guar gum, carrageenan, algin, biopolymers, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl ghatti gum, hydroxyethyl arabic gum, hydroxyethyl tragacanth gum, hydroxyethyl locust bean gum, hydroxyethyl karaya gum, hydroxyethyl guar gum, hydroxyethyl carrageenan, hydroxyethyl alginate, hydroxyethyl xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl ghatti gum, carboxymethyl arabic gum, carboxymethyl tragacanth gum, carboxymethyl locust bean gum, carboxymethyl karaya gum, carboxymethyl guar gum, carboxymethyl carrageenan, carboxymethyl alginates, carboxymethyl xanthan gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl ghatti gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl arabic gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl tragacanth gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl locust bean gum, hydroxyethyl carboxyethyl karaya gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl guar gum, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl carrageenan, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl alginates, hydroxyethyl carboxymethyl xanthan gum, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl ghatti gum, hydroxypropyl arabic gum, hydroxypropyl tragacanth gum, hydroxypropyl bean gum, hydroxypropyl karaya gum, hydroxypropyl guar gum, hydroxypropyl carrageenan, hydroxypropyl alginates, hydroxypropyl xanthan gum, and mixtures thereof.
The preferred polymers for use in this invention are hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (CMHEC), and mixtures thereof, most preferably HEC. These compositions are best described in terms of "D.S." (degree of substitution) and "M.S." (molar substitution based on hydroxyethyl groups).
The purpose of the following two paragraphs is to explain the use herein and in the prior art of the terms "degree of substitution" (D.S.") and "M.S."
There are three hydroxyl groups in each anhydroglucose unit in the cellulose molecule. D.S. is the average number of hydroxyl groups substituted in the cellulose per anhydroglucose unit. M.S. is the average number of moles of reactant combined with the cellulose per anhydroglucose unit. For the alkyl, carboxyalkyl, or acyl derivatives of cellulose the D.S. and M.S. are the same. For the hydroxyalkyl derivatives of cellulose, the M.S. is generally greater than the D.S. The reason for this is that each time a hydroxyalkyl group is introduced into the cellulose molecule, an additional hydroxyl group is formed which itself is capable of hydroxyalkylation. As a result of this, side chains of considerable length may form on the cellulose molecule. The M.S./D.S. ratio represents the average length of these side chains. Thus, from the foregoing it will be seen that the D.S. of a cellulose derivative can be no higher than 3, whereas the M.S. may be considerably higher than 3, depending on the extent to which side chains are formed.
For the mixed ethers involved herein (i.e., CMHEC), the first value given is the carboxymethyl D.S. and the second value given is the hydroxyethyl M.S. Two types of CMHEC which are commercially available and which have been used for several years are CHMEC of 0.3 carboxymethyl D.S. and 0.7 hydroxyethyl M.S., as well as CMHEC of 0.4 carboxymethyl D.S. and 0.3 hydroxyethyl M.S. These polymers are referred to as CMHEC 37 and CMHEC 43, respectively. CMHEC 420 has a carboxymethyl D.S. of 0.4 and a hydroxyethyl M.S. of 2.
In the present invention, the M.S. for polyethyoxylated cellulose ethers such as HEC is in the broad range of 0.3 to 5, preferably 2 to 3. Thus, a hydroxyethyl cellulose with a M.S. of 3 is more suitable than a hydroxyethyl cellulose ether with M.S. equal to 1.5.
The alkaline earth metal base which is useful in this invention is selected from the group consisting of calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, magnesium oxide, and mixtures thereof, preferably magnesium oxide and/or calcium hydroxide.
The gellant useful in this invention may be any material which will disperse in the oleaginous liquid to effectively suspend the non-liquid components of the additive. The preferred gellant is an organophilic clay although other materials such as colloidal silicas and the like can be used.
The organophilic clays preferred for use in this invention comprise the reaction product of a smectite clay and an organic quaternary compound.
The smectite clay must have a cation exchange capacity of at least 75 milliequivalents per 100 grams of 100% active clay. The preferred smectite clay is montmorillonite, particularly the naturally occurring Wyoming variety of swelling bentonite. Other smectite clays which may be useful in practicing this invention are hectorite and saponite. The clays may be converted to the sodium form if they are not already in this form. This can conveniently be accomplished by preparing an aqueous clay slurry and passing the slurry through a bed of cation exchange resin in the sodium form, optionally with centrifugation to remove the non-clay impurities from the smectite clay, and spray drying the slurry to obtain a particulate form of sodium exchanged clay. Alternatively the clay can be mixed with water and a soluble sodium compound such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide and the like, optionally with an alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and mixtures thereof, and shearing the mixture such as with a pugmill or extruder. The smectite clay may be synthesized utilizing a hydrothermal synthesis process, as is well known, however, such clays are too expensive for most industrial uses.
The cation exchange capacity of the smectite clay can be determined by the well known ammonium acetate method.
The preferred quaternary compounds comprise a quaternary ammonium salt having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of Ca H2a+1-x Bx, Cb H2b-1-x Bx, C6 H5-x Bx CH2, and mixtures thereof, 1≦a≦30, 3≦b≦30, 0≦x≦2, B is a radical selected from the group consisting of OH, Cl, Br, C6 H5, and mixtures thereof, and A is a charge balancing anion, provided that at least one R contains at least 12 carbon atoms, and R1, R2, R3, and R4 collectively contain at least 20 carbon atoms. Most preferably x=0, and B is OH when x>0. A is preferably selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, I, NO2, OH, CH3 SO4, and mixtures thereof, most preferably Cl.
Exemplary preferred quaternary ammonium cations are selected from the group consisting of trimethyl octadecyl ammonium, trimethyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium, trimethyl ricinoleyl ammonium, dimethyl didodecyl ammonium, dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium, dimethyl dicoco ammonium, dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium, dimethyl diricinoleyl ammonium, dimethyl benzyl octadecyl ammonium, dimethyl benzyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium, dimethyl benzyl ricinoleyl ammonium, methyl benzyl dioctadecyl ammonium, methyl benzyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium, methyl benzyl diricinoleyl ammonium, methyl benzyl dicoco ammonium, methyl dibenzyl octadecyl ammonium, methyl dibenzyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium, methyl dibenzyl ricinoleyl ammonium, methyl dibenzyl coco ammonium, methyl trioctadecyl ammonium, methyl trihydrogenated tallow ammonium, methyl triricinoleyl ammonium, methyl tricoco ammonium, dibenzyl dicoco ammonium, dibenzyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium, dibenzyl dioctadecyl ammonium, dibenzyl diricinoleyl ammonium, tribenzyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium, tribenzyl octadecyl ammonium, tribenzyl coco ammonium, tribenzyl ricinoleyl ammonium, and mixtures thereof.
The amount of the organic quaternary cationic compound added to the clay must be sufficient to render the resulting organoclay useful for its intended purpose. Generally there is a specific ratio of clay and quaternary compound which provides the optimum desired property in an oleaginous medium, and this ratio will vary depending on the characteristics of the oleaginous medium. Thus, in general, as the aromaticity of the oleaginous medium increases, the ME ratio decreases. The ME ratio (milliequivalent ratio) is defined as the number of milliequivalents of the quaternary cationic compound in the organophilic clay, per 100 grams of clay, 100% active clay basis.
The preferred organophilic clays of this invention have a ME ratio from about 75 to about 120. The optimum ME ratio will depend on the particular clay and cationic quaternary compound used to prepare the organophilic clay, and on the particular oleaginous liquid in which it is desired to utilize the organophilic clay. In general, it has been found that the gelling efficiency of organophilic clays in polar organic liquids increases as the ME ratio decreases. Conversely, the gelling efficiency of organophilic clays in non-polar oleaginous liquids increases as the ME ratio increases until an optimum is reached which is generally in the range from about 90 to about 120 depending on the particular oleaginous liquid to be viscosified.
Preferably the organophilic clay is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, methyl benzyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, dimethyl benzyl hydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, and mixtures thereof.
The organophilic clays may be prepared by known processes such as those disclosed in Finlayson et al. U.S. Pat. No. 4,287,086, incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.
Generally the organophilic clays need a dispersant in order to effectively increase the viscosity of an oleaginous liquid. The most efficient and accepted dispersants have been found to be low molecular weight alcohols, ketones, nitroalkanes, and alkylene carbonates, and mixtures thereof with water. Thus the preferred dispersant is selected from the group consisting of alcohols containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, ketones containing from 3 to 4 carbon atoms, nitroalkanes containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkylene carbonates containing from 3 to 5 carbon atoms, and mixtures thereof with up to about 25% by weight of water.
The most particularly preferred dispersant is selected from the group consisting of methanol, acetone, propylene carbonate, and mixtures thereof with up to about 25% by weight water.
The fibrous materials which are useful in this invention may be either inorganic or organic.
The preferred inorganic fibers are any of the fibrous minerals known as asbestos. Representative amphibole group minerals are actinolite, anthophyllite, crocidolite, cummingtonite, gloucophane, hornblende, riebeckite, tremolite, and the like. Representative serpentine group minerals are amesite, antigorite, chrysotile, lizardite, and the like. Chrysotile is the most preferred inorganic fiber.
The organic fibrous materials are preferably degraded, water-insoluble vegetable fibers preferably derived from natural materials selected from the group consisting of cotton, wood, bagasse, peat, sphagum moss, animal hair, and mixtures thereof. These fibers must be degraded by mechanical means, chemical processes, or combinations thereof, such that at least 90% of the fibers, when slurried in water at a concentration of 5% by weight, will pass through a 100 mesh (Tyler series) screen, preferably at least 95% by weight of the fibers.
The fibrous materials, both inorganic and organic, may be degraded mechanically by grinding in a suitable mill capable of reducing the length of the fibers. The grinding may be in the dry state or in a liquid state. Urschel Laboratories, Inc. COMITROL size reduction machine can be used on dry fibers. Sweco, Inc. VIBRO-ENERGY grinding mill can be used on either dry or wet fibers. Advantageously the fibrous material is defibrated prior to, after, or concurrently with the size reduction processing. One such defibration process for bagasse and other vegetable fibers is disclosed in Botz U.S. Pat. No. 3,694,308, incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Many fibrous materials can be defibrated by hydropulping them in an aqueous slurry containing various chemicals such as surface active agents, acids, bases, and the like. The fibrous materials can be degraded chemically by treating them with acids, oxidizing agents, and the like, in an aqueous slurry, preferably while hydropulping. See for example House U.S. Pat. No. 3,586,639, Dresher et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,409,499, and Naumann et. al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,297,516, all incorporated herein by reference for all purposes. Various other processes are disclosed in: German Offen. No. 1,910,100 (Chemical Abstracts 75:118964u, 1971); Netherlands Pat. Appln. No. 6,611,412 (Chemical Abstracts 67:46831h, 1967); S. African Pat. No. 67 03,114 (Chemical Abstracts 70:70836W, 1967); German Offen. No. 1,923,137 (Chemical Abstracts 72:68759w, 1970; Great Britain Pat. No. 1,092,738 (Chemical Abstracts 68:31664c, 1968); and South African Pat. No. 70 01,373 (Chemical Abstracts 75:38070j, 1971).
It is preferred for use in this invention that the organic fibrous material be defibrated and degraded such that at least 95% of the fibers wet wash through a 100 mesh screen. The most particularly preferred degraded, water-insoluble vegetable fiber is micronized cellulose, which is commercially available from Venture Chemicals, Inc., Lafayette, Louisiana, as VEN-FYBER 201.
It is preferred for use in this invention that the inorganic fibrous material have a fiber length less than a grade 6 Quebec asbestos classification, preferably a grade 7 or 8 fiber length.
The relative proportions of these materials in the well servicing fluid additive of this invention are given in the following table.
______________________________________ Operable Preferred % by Weight % by Weight______________________________________Water-Soluble Polymer 7.5-25 10-20Alkaline Earth Metal Base 2.5-15 5-10Gellant 0.5-3 1-2Dispersant 0-1 0.2-1Fibrous Material 5-20 8-15Oleaginous Liquid 50-75 60-70______________________________________
The concentrations of the components of the additive must be adjusted such that the additive remains a pourable liquid at ambient temperatures of 15° C. and above. In the liquid state, the additive readily mixes with aqueous liquids under low shear conditions to increase the viscosity and cuttings carrying capacity of the aqueous liquid, to flocculate any clays which are present in the aqueous liquid, and to elevate or maintain the pH above about 10. The water soluble polymer and fibrous material combine to increase the viscosity and yield point of an aqueous liquid. The alkaline earth metal base adjusts the pH and flocculates any clays present in the aqueous liquid. The gellant and dispersant, when used, increase the viscosity and yield point of the oleaginous liquid, thus keeping the solid water-soluble polymer, base, and fibrous material in suspension. Ideally, the additive will contain the largest concentration possible of the water-soluble polymer and fibrous material, within the concentration ranges given above, and still remain a pourable liquid. The concentration of gellant and dispersant need only be sufficient to prevent any hard packing of the solids in the additive upon storage.
I have found that this particular combination of materials when admixed with water forms viscous slurries which are useful as lost circulation pills and as spacer fluids. The additive readily mixes with water under low shear mixing conditions such as exist at many wellsite locations. For lost circulation pills, from about 1.5% to about 15% by volume of the additive should be mixed with water or drilling fluid and pumped down the drill pipe to the location at which circulation is lost. An effective seal is obtained when placed in the lost circulation zone. Other standard lost circulation materials may be mixed with the pill to add larger particles to the pill, if desired. When mixing the additive with water to form a lost circulation pill, from about 10% to about 15% by volume of the additive should be used. Lost circulation pills prepared from water base muds need only from about 1.5% to about 10% by volume of the additive of this invention. For use as a spacer fluid, from about 2.5% to about 7.5% by volume of the additive should be mixed with water and pumped down the drill pipe to the desired location in the borehole. The spacer fluid is followed, as is known in the art, with a fluid which is desired in the borehole and which it not to be mixed with the fluid already in the borehole.
The well servicing additive of this invention is also useful in formulating spud muds. Admixture of the additive with an aqueous suspension of clay, such as Wyoming-type bentonite or native mud-making clays, drastically increases the yield point of the suspension, hence the cuttings carrying capacity as is well known in the art. The additive is effective in both fresh water and in brackish, salty waters. Generally the spud mud will contain from about 5 pounds per 42 gallon barrel (ppb) to about 30 ppb of Wyoming bentonite or from about 15 to about 50 ppb of native mud-making clays, and from about 0.1 to about 2% by volume of the well servicing additive of this invention.
Preferably the spud mud will contain from about 10 to about 25 ppb. Wyoming bentonite and from about 0.25 to about 1.5% by volume of the well servicing additives of this invention.
The following examples illustrate specific preferred embodiments of the invention and are not intended to be limiting. The Wyoming bentonite used meets the American Petroleum Institute (API) specification for drilling mud grade bentonite. All testing was undertaken in accordance with API test procedures as specified in API Standard Test Procedure RP13B. The units for plastic viscosity (PV) are centipoise, and the units for yield point (YP) and gel strength (GS) are pounds per 100 square feet.
A well servicing fluid additive containing 67.5% kerosene, 0.49% methanol containing 25% water, 1.49% magnesium oxide, 4.48% calcium hydroxide, 1.49% of technical grade dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, 13.8% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 10.75% micronized cellulose was prepared as follows: To 650 gallons of kerosene in continuously stirred mixing tank was added 5 gallons of methanol containing 1 gallon ofwater; 100 pounds of magnesium oxide was added followed by 300 pounds of lime; 100 pounds of GELTONE organophilic clay was added and the mixing continued for 10 minutes thereafter; 925 lb. of NATROSOL 250HHR hydroxyethyl cellulose was added and the mixing continued for 10 minutes; and thereafter 720 pounds of VEN-FYBER 201 micronized cellulose was added and the mixing continued for 10 minutes.
The ability of this additive to increase the cuttings carrying capacity of a bentonite mud containing 20,000 parts per million (ppm) chlorides was evaluated as follows: A base mud containing 25 pounds of bentonite per 42 gallon barrel (ppb) of fresh water was prepared by mixing and allowed to age for 16 hours; an aliquot of this base mud was mixed with water, sodiumhydroxide, sodium chloride, and finally this additive to produce spud muds having the compositions listed in Table 1. The API rheology characteristics of the muds were obtained after mixing 20 minutes on a Hamilton Beach mixer and cooling to 75° F. The data obtained are given in Table 1.
A well servicing fluid additive containing 65.5% kerosene, 0.6% methanol containing 11% water, 2% magnesium oxide, 5% calcium hydroxide, 1% dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, 15.7% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 10.2% micronized cellulose was prepared by the procedure ofExample 1 using the following amounts of materials: 600 gallons of kerosene, 5.5 gallons of methanol containing 0.5 gallon water, 125 pounds of magnesium oxide, 325 pounds of lime, 65 pounds of BENTONE 34 organophilic clay, 1000 pounds of NATROSOL 250HHW, and 650 pounds of VEN-FYBER 201.
This additive was evaluated as in Example 1 except that the spud mud contained 10,000 ppm chlorides. The data are given in Table 1.
A well servicing fluid additive containing 71% kerosene, 0.5% methanol containing 6.25% water, 0.7% magnesium oxide, 5.1% lime, 2.2% technical grade dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite, 11% hydroxyethyl cellulose, and 9.5% micronized cellulose is prepared by the procedure of Example 1 using the following amounts of materials: 7 gallons of kerosene,0.0525 gallons of methanol containing 0.0025 gallons of water, 0.5 pounds of magnesium oxide, 3.5 pounds of lime, 1.5 pounds of GELTONE organophilicbentonite, 7.5 pounds of CELLOSIZE HEC-25, and 6.5 pounds of VEN-FYBER 201.
This additive was evaluated as in Example 1 except that no sodium chloride was added to the spud mud. The data obtained are given in Table 1.
The data in Table 1 indicate that the additive of this invention was very effective in increasing the cuttings carrying capacity of the bentonite mud.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Rheological Properties of the Well Servicing Fluid Additive ofThis Invention in Spud Muds with Varying Salinitiesand Concentrations of BentoniteSpud Mud CompositionWell %Servicing Volume API RheologyFluid cf NaOH Bentonite ppm GSAdditive Additive lb/bbl lb/bbl Chlorides PV YP 10-Sec. 10-Min.__________________________________________________________________________Example 1 0 0.25 12.5 20,000 2 8 4 5Example 1 0.5 0.25 12.5 20,000 4 16 6 7Example 1 1.0 0.25 12.5 20,000 8 26 7 8Example 1 0 0.25 20.0 20,000 3 9 4 7Example 1 0.5 0.25 20.0 20,000 4 14 8 11Example 1 1.0 0.25 20.0 20,000 7 35 12 14Example 2 0 0.25 12.5 10,000 2 9 3 5Example 2 0.5 0.25 12.5 10,000 4 15 3 6Example 2 1.0 0.25 12.5 10,000 6 25 4 5Example 2 0 0.25 20.0 10,000 3 13 9 10Example 2 0.5 0.25 20.0 10,000 6 20 18 19Example 2 1.0 0.25 20.0 10,000 7 62 19 21Example 3 0 0.25 12.5 0 5 14 15 25Example 3 1.0 0.25 12.5 0 22 51 31 26__________________________________________________________________________
A well servicing fluid additive containing 64% odorless mineral spirits, 0.3% propylene carbonate containing 7% water, 2.1% magnesium oxide, 5.4% calcium hydroxide, 0.6% dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium bentonite,16.7% xanthan gum (XC polymer), and 10.9% defibrated, finely ground bagasseis prepared by the procedure of Example 1 using the following amounts of materials: 5.5 gallons of odorless mineral spirits, 0.0265 gallons of propylene carbonate containing 0.0015 gallon water, 1.25 pounds of magnesium oxide, 3.25 pounds of lime, 0.35 pounds of CLAYTONE 40 organophilic bentonite, 10 pounds of KOD 85 xanthan gum, and 6.5 pounds ofdefibrated, micro-pulverized bagasse.
This additive, when mixed with water in the ratio of 1 part by volume additive to 8 parts by volume water, will form a viscous gel which is effective in alleviating lost circulation in a borehole as evidenced by its effectiveness in sealing a one-half inch bed of 20-40 mesh silica sandin an API filtration test cell.
A well servicing fluid additive containing 65.4% diesel oil, 0.35% acetone containing 8.6% water, 1.7% magnesium oxide, 4.3% calcium hydroxide, 0.85%dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow ammonium hectorite, 10.3% carboxymethyl cellulose, and 17.1% micronized cellulose is prepared by the procedure of Example 1 using the following amounts of materials: 5.5 gallons of diesel oil, 0.032 gallons of acetone containing 0.002 gallons of water, 1 pound of magnesium oxide, 2.5 pounds of lime, 0.5 pound of BENTONE 38 organophilic hectorite, 6 pounds of CELLEX HV CMC, and 10 pounds of VEN-FYBER 201 micronized cellulose.
This additive, when mixed with water in the amount of 2 gallons per barrel of water, i.e. about 5% by volume, is effective as a spacer fluid for use in oil and gas well operations as evidenced by the following test: To a one gallon container having a conical bottom and an opening and delivery tube in the center was attached a 3 foot length of tygon tubing. The tubing was placed in a "finger" pump which thus pumps out of the containerand into a 5 gallon can. The container is filled with water containing someblue food coloring, and the pumping initiated. As the fluid level decreasesone gallon of the spacer fluid of this Example is added to the container, followed by one gallon of diesel fuel. No mixing of the water and the diesel fuel occurs.
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|Clasificación de EE.UU.||507/204, 507/216, 507/203, 507/928, 507/129, 507/112, 507/268, 507/114, 507/217, 507/113, 507/901, 507/110, 507/215, 507/245, 507/103, 507/266, 507/115, 507/139|
|Clasificación internacional||C09K8/035, C09K8/50|
|Clasificación cooperativa||Y10S507/901, Y10S507/928, C09K8/50, C09K8/035|
|Clasificación europea||C09K8/50, C09K8/035|
|14 Sep 1987||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 4
|16 Sep 1991||FPAY||Fee payment|
Year of fee payment: 8
|21 Oct 1991||AS||Assignment|
Owner name: AMBAR, INC., A CORP. OF DE, LOUISIANA
Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:MOITY, RANDOLPH M.;REEL/FRAME:005886/0279
Effective date: 19911011
|31 Oct 1995||REMI||Maintenance fee reminder mailed|
|24 Mar 1996||LAPS||Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees|
|4 Jun 1996||FP||Expired due to failure to pay maintenance fee|
Effective date: 19960327 | <urn:uuid:53ec9e40-6bcb-4551-b274-9b97ef2929b8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.google.es/patents/US4439328?dq=flatulence | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00447-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.84831 | 12,905 | 1.59375 | 2 |
I CONSIDER IT ONE of the most scenic spots in Rice County. A location that presents a sweeping vista of the countryside from atop a hill adjacent to Nerstrand Big Woods State Park. Autumn, especially, at Valley Grove offers a visual delight.
The group aims to preserve and maintain this place on the National Register of Historic Sites. Here, on this land claimed by early Norwegian immigrants, two churches (built in 1862 and 1894) stand next to a cemetery and next to the prairie.
To visit here is to feel a deep appreciation for the history of this place and those who chose this site to build houses of worship.
To attend the country social is to experience history—through music,
demonstrations, historical talks,
hands-on activities and more.
I always feel such a peace at Valley Grove. As if the world of today exists somewhere distant.
It’s good for the soul to take time on a sunny Sunday afternoon in September to step back in time. Not necessarily to idealize life then—because it was hard. But to gather with others in the countryside far from traffic and distractions and the noise of modern-day life.
To appreciate simpler times
and simple beauty.
To gather under the burr oaks, to walk the prairie, to study tombstones, to sing in the same church where early settlers sang, to watch youngsters craft ropes and walk on stilts. And so much more.
I appreciate the preservationists who understand the personal and historic importance of Valley Grove, of not allowing these churches to fall into disrepair like too many other shuttered country churches. They clearly value the land, the efforts of their forefathers, the importance of this place. Still today.
© Copyright 2019 Audrey Kletscher Helbling | <urn:uuid:8daf803d-8c53-4203-bb56-07ae47be380d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mnprairieroots.com/2019/09/18/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573533.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818215509-20220819005509-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.920238 | 371 | 1.734375 | 2 |
Taliban gains in northern Afghanistan have driven a worried government to recruit militias with a track record of fomenting chaos and widespread killing.
The region is the traditional stronghold of the country’s minority ethnic groups that drove the Taliban from power there nearly 20 years ago.
Analysts say the government move is “desperate” after the Taliban overran several districts in several provinces of in the country’s north.
The gains have been strategic. One district on the border with Tajikistan is a key trade route. Another, in Doshi, in Baghlan province, is home to the single road linking northern Afghanistan to the capital, Kabul.
The Taliban have over-run multiple districts in the north, some of them reportedly with hardly a fight, even as the US and Nato press forward with their final withdrawal from Afghanistan.
By all accounts their departure will be complete long before the September 11 deadline set by US president Joe Biden when he announced in mid-April an end to America’s “forever war”.
The Taliban gains are significant because of the transportation routes they provide the insurgents. But equally significant is the fact that the north is the traditional stronghold of Afghanistan’s minority ethnic groups, who aided the US-led invasion that drove the Taliban from power nearly 20 years ago and have been part of the ruling leadership since.
The traditional stronghold of the Taliban, who are mostly ethnic Pashtuns, has been in the country’s south and east.
A worried government has launched what it called National Mobilisation, arming local volunteers.
Observers say the move only resurrects militias that will be loyal to local commanders or powerful Kabul-allied warlords, who wrecked the Afghan capital during the inter-factional fighting of the 1990s and killed thousands of civilians.
Bill Roggio, senior fellow at the US-based Foundation for Defence of Democracies, said: “The fact that the government has put out the call for the militias is a clear admission of the failure of the security forces … most certainly an act of desperation.
“The Afghan military and police have abandoned numerous outposts, bases, and district centres, and it is difficult to imagine that these hastily-organised militias can perform better than organised security forces.”
On Wednesday at Koh Daman on Kabul’s northern edge, dozens of armed villagers in one of the first National Mobilization militias gathered at a rally.
“Death to criminals!” and “Death to Taliban!” they shouted, waving automatic rifles. Some had rocket propelled grenade launchers resting casually on their shoulders.
A handful of uniformed Afghan National Police officers watched. “We need them, we have no leadership, we have no help,” said one of the policemen.
He criticised the defence and interior ministries, saying they were stuffed with overpaid officials while the front-line troops receive little pay.
“I’m the one standing here for 24 hours like this with all this equipment to defend my country,” he said, indicating his weapons and vest jammed with ammunition.
“But in the ministries, officials earn thousands.”
The US and Nato have committed to paying four billion dollars (£2.8 billion) annually until 2024 to support the Afghanistan national security and defence forces.
However, even Washington’s official watchdog auditing spending says Afghan troops are disillusioned and demoralised, with corruption rife throughout the government.
As the districts fell, Afghan president Ashraf Ghani swept through his defence and interior ministries, appointing new senior leadership, including reinstating Bismillah Khan as defence minister.
Mr Khan was previously removed for corruption, and his militias have been criticised for summary killings. They were also deeply involved in the brutal civil war that led to the Taliban’s takeover in 1996.
Afghan and international observers fear a similar conflict could erupt once more. During the 1990s war, multiple warlords battled for power, nearly destroying Kabul and killing at least 50,000 people – mostly civilians – in the process.
Those warlords returned to power after the Taliban’s fall and have gained wealth and strength since.
They are jealous of their domains, deeply distrustful of each other, and their loyalties to Mr Ghani are fluid.
Ethnic Uzbek warlord Rashid Dostum Uzbek, for example, violently ousted the president’s choice for governor of his Uzbek-controlled province of Faryab earlier this year.
A former adviser to the Afghan government, Torek Farhadi, called the national mobilisation “a recipe for future generalised violence”.
Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid told The Associated Press on Thursday that the insurgents had captured 104 districts since May 1, including at least 29 in recent fighting.
That brought the total area of Taliban control to 165 of Afghanistan’s 471 districts nationwide. | <urn:uuid:0a3688d7-7683-47e9-ba8c-10b3041beb84> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.expressandstar.com/news/world-news/2021/06/25/taliban-gains-drive-afghan-government-to-recruit-militias/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572089.53/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814234405-20220815024405-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.956877 | 1,027 | 1.789063 | 2 |
There are so many productivity killers out there and being productive can be a real struggle, and there are common productivity killers to people that usually find it very difficult to keep up with the routine.
While there is no shortcut designed to keep us productive and to make us hit our life, work goals, there are even many productivity killers that limit us from achieving things we like to achieve.
In today’s world of social media, endless distractions, and competing norms. Here in the blog, I will be talking about five of the most common productivity killers.
One of the worst enemies of humans is overthinking and it’s also one of the worse enemies of confidence, overthinking often leads to negative seeing of things around you. It makes you twist things around you, makes you worry too much about things that aren’t supposed to be paid attention to. Overthinking makes everything around you appear so much worse than it is supposed to look. When you stop overthinking things, you will be amazed to see how many problems you’ve solved.
If most of removing fear from our hearts when we want to do something, we will realize that a lot of us will come out of our shells, We all fail sometimes– some more than others, but it shouldn’t stop us from going for what we want. That is why we should put aside fear. Remember, the only people who never fail are the ones who play it too safe.
Nothing hurts more than making excuses for things that you should get done, and when I say excuses this is something a lot of people do when they need to get something done. And most times people don’t know that making excuses is a very big productivity killer in our life and should be stopped.
The negative effect procrastination has on a lot of things can range from missing a deadline, a missing an opportunity that can kill people’s dreams. Some might be lucky enough to identify the problem and some don’t. Procrastination is very dangerous and can make alit of good things get away from people that’s why we need to be wary of it. Stop procrastinating and get things done when you get it done,
Social media is really great for catching up with family and friends, meeting new people, getting new friends, but if left unchecked and not controlled it can be a great productivity killer to most people.
Follow me on instgram via: http://www.instagram.com/Sisilizzzy | <urn:uuid:dc134075-ed85-4ada-be36-4edb71837a6e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sisilizzzy.com/five-common-productivity-killers-you-should-know-about/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570741.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808001418-20220808031418-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.950013 | 532 | 1.976563 | 2 |
New Orleans I knew it was coming, but I had crossed my fingers and hoped that it would not be so devastating. Unfortunately the numbers are in and minorities especially have taken devastating downturns in their citizen wealth or basic assets during the recession pushing previous progress back a generation.
According to a recently released Pew report based on the 2010 U.S. Census net worth for families fell as follows:
- Hispanics -66% $18359 /05 $6235/09
- Asians -54% $168103/05 $78066/09
- African-Americans -53% $12124/05 $5677/09
- Whites -16% $134992/05 $113149/09
- All -28% $96894/05 $70000/09
Part of the reason this economic beat down was not surprising, as I detailed in Citizen Wealth: Winning the Campaign to Save Working Families is that so much of low-to-moderate income wealth has been tilted to home ownership by government policy and personal practice. With foreclosures soaring and values cratering in community after community for millions of homeowners, especially newer homeowners, losing a house was an asset knockdown. The one-two punch of losing a house and job was an out for the count knockout!
Throw some more ringers into the ring like credit card and educational debt, and it is easy why families are on the mat. At this point the family or household citizen wealth is less than the value of a half-decent used car for Hispanics and African-Americans, and it’s a car with 80000 miles on the engine!
Make no mistake. This is not only an economic catastrophe, but a huge political problem for President Obama and the Democratic Party. People going to vote next year notice when they hardly have car fare and lost between a quarter and two-thirds of their money in the short space of 4 or 5 years. That’s not a feel good, “hopey” dopey moment for folks who are depressed when they go to pull the lever.
If the time for a change isn’t now, and I mean right now, then it is going to be hard to resist change in November 2012. | <urn:uuid:dc67bc3b-6cd4-4661-ac06-6e18f2e45505> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chieforganizer.org/2011/07/26/citizen-wealth-takes-recession-beating/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00245-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.964835 | 459 | 1.6875 | 2 |
This early novel by Edith Wharton was originally published in 1918 and tells a tale of the First World War. Edith Wharton was a hugely successful writer and the first woman ever to win the Pulitzer Prize for her novel 'The Age of Innocence'. We are republishing this classic work with a brand new introductory biography of the author.
To view this DRM protected ebook on your desktop or laptop you will need to have Adobe Digital Editions installed. It is a free software. We also strongly recommend that you sign up for an AdobeID at the Adobe website. For more details please see FAQ 1&2. To view this ebook on an iPhone, iPad or Android mobile device you will need the Adobe Digital Editions app, or BlueFire Reader or Txtr app. These are free, too. For more details see this article.
|Size: ||1.1 MB|
|Publisher: ||Cook Press|
|Date published: || 2014|
|ISBN: ||9781473394414 (DRM-EPUB)|
|Read Aloud: ||not allowed| | <urn:uuid:982e81c4-4fe0-44a8-8b90-b8ab57455ac2> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.lybrary.com/the-marne-p-738167.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00271-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.887202 | 228 | 2.203125 | 2 |
America Recycles Day is a campaign I know well. I’ve supported it in various capacities since its national inception in 1997. While I support recycling and composting, I also believe we need to move our efforts up the waste hierarchy and turn the spotlight on waste prevention and reuse.
As a society, we focus too much on recycling and not nearly enough on our culture of infinite consumption, which feeds our recycling centers – and fills our landfills and incinerators – with materials extracted from the earth. Extracting resources just to make stuff we turn around and throw away or recycle has devastating consequences for the planet.
The focus on recycling also creates a culture of guilt-free consumption, allowing people to feel they can consume more and more as long as they think what they’re consuming can be recycled.
We can’t simply recycle more. We need to consume consciously.
Data from the Environmental Protection Agency shows that waste generation per person has nearly doubled since 1960. Our discarded stuff not only fills up landfills and feeds incinerators, but producing it uses water, creates pollution and generates greenhouse gas emissions, all of which harm wildlife and habitat. A goal of infinite consumption, even if what we’re consuming is recycled, cannot be the path forward for planetary resilience.
The Center for Biological Diversity, where I work on consumption issues, is a national, nonprofit conservation organization dedicated to the protection of endangered species and wild places. We recently released the results of a national survey exploring these issues.
The survey found that three out of four respondents think the United States is doing too little to protect natural resources like water, air, wildlife and land. Seventy-four percent of respondents think the average American consumes too many natural resources, and three out of four say they are willing to reduce their personal consumption by buying only what they need.
While the vast majority believe society has a moral responsibility to prevent wildlife extinctions and they acknowledge a connection between consumption patterns and environmental impact, nearly half of all respondents said they think they consume fewer resources than the average American.
In other words, those surveyed realize we have a consumption problem in America, but they don’t think their personal actions are the problem.
I am calling on those celebrating America Recycles Day to broaden their outlook for the health of people and the planet. Let’s create systems to support the 82% of Americans willing to reduce their personal consumption. Let’s build cultural and business models based on a foundation of waste prevention and reuse – not just recycling. Let’s make sure we support a living-wage workforce and provide job training to help transition workers from waste management to waste prevention and reuse roles.
The solutions to make all of this a reality already exist.
When food establishments switch from single-use to reusable cups, containers and packaging systems, they can save money.
Community-based reuse systems create good jobs and aren’t at the mercy of global supply chains that could fall apart in times of crisis. Local chambers of commerce and business development offices should support robust thrift, rental and bulk store opportunities.
According to GreenBiz, customers are looking for supply-chain resilience and renewed value propositions. They want to know what to do with their products when they break. Supporting right-to-repair policies, along with encouraging products to be designed for increased durability, is important.
The fossil fuel industry is aggressively expanding plastic production, which is being driven by an oversupply of cheap, fracked natural gas in the U.S. The biggest thing we can do to reduce plastic pollution and support the frontline communities bearing the health and environmental impacts of fossil fuel development and plastic production is to make less plastic.
We must support the Break Free from Plastic Pollution Prevention Act, which seeks to put a temporary pause on new plastic facilities until the EPA updates and creates important regulations for those facilities. That bill also includes other waste prevention policies such as extended producer responsibility and single-use plastic bans.
The health and well-being of humans is intrinsically linked to the health and well-being of nature. We owe it to the 76% of Americans who think the U.S. is doing too little to protect natural resources to create thoughtful waste prevention and reuse policies and campaigns.
Let’s turn the tide. On this America Recycles Day, let’s commit to moving up the waste management hierarchy and supporting waste prevention and reuse to decrease resource extraction, conserve land, save energy and water and decrease greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to global climate change.
Kelley Dennings is a campaigner with the Center for Biological Diversity. She has worked for local and state government recycling departments, along with a national nonprofit, where she used the America Recycles Day campaign to instigate action.
The views and opinions expressed are those of the author and do not imply endorsement by Resource Recycling, Inc. If you have a subject you wish to cover in an op-ed, please send a short proposal to [email protected] for consideration. | <urn:uuid:b5f54e14-61ce-48fe-8ce9-468b571c4aa2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://resource-recycling.com/recycling/2020/11/10/in-my-opinion-focus-on-waste-reduction-not-recycling/amp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00268.warc.gz | en | 0.942204 | 1,039 | 2.65625 | 3 |
It is an usual practice to create a function to split the delimited sting in Sql Server, like the ones explained in the article Split delimited String. But if we are in a situation where you don’t have a permission to create a function, then what is the alternative to split the delimited string? This article explains how we can split a delimited string in Sql Server without needing to create a function.
Let us execute the following script to create the Player table with sample data as shown in the below image.
CREATE TABLE Player ( Team VARCHAR(50), Players VARCHAR(800) ) GO INSERT INTO Player(Team, Players) VALUES ('India','Sachin Tendulkar,Shewag,Javagal Srinath'), ('Australia','Ricky Ponting,Michale Clarke'), ('South Africa','AB Deviliers') GO
Now, we can write a query like below to split the comma delimited players name without using the user defined function.
SELECT Team, Members.Member.value('.','VARCHAR(8000)') Player FROM (--Convert delimited string to XML SELECT Team, CAST('<Players><Player>' + REPLACE(Players, ',' , '</Player><Player>') + '</Player></Players>' AS XML) AS tempPlayer FROM Player ) AS tempPlayer CROSS APPLY tempPlayer.nodes('/Players/Player') Members(Member) | <urn:uuid:383841b1-bd3e-4d1a-95dd-6198f7cb682b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sqlhints.com/2017/03/05/how-to-split-a-string-in-sql-server-without-using-a-function/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.707175 | 309 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Radio deejay and cartoonist teach children about bridging differences by Yvonne T. Nathan - The STAR
Telling her story: Azura (left) interacting with the children during the event. Art class:
Enigmatic Red FM radio announcer Azura Zainal demonstrated the importance of unity to nearly 1,000 pupils of Sri KDU Primary School, as part of the second instalment of the #Say SomethingNice campaign (#SSNC).
Zubedy (M) Sdn Bhd managing director and founder Anas Zubedy who initiated the campaign, was also present, cheerfully starting the event with a dance to encourage the students and teachers to be more receptive to the messages of the event.
“We are here to celebrate the positive message, that although we may look different, we are actually all the same; a people of many colours with one race,” Anas said.
Azura captured the pupils’ attention with an uplifting talk in which she used visual aids and activities to show the children the way the brain distorted information and rejected what it did not recognise.
She said a growing obsession with technology, even among children, was one of the main reasons why people rarely spent enough quality time with one another.
“People don’t spend enough time talking to their friends and the people around them because they are busy with their gadgets and phones, but communication is very important,” she said.
She recounted how she used to play with friends of different races and religions during her childhood, and later meeting people from various countries.
“We need to be able to understand where they are coming from, their culture, their background and respect people’s differences by having an open mind because at the end of the day, you can learn something from them,” she said.
Azura stressed that everyone must learn to be a little more open-minded and not judge people because of the way they look or because of first impressions.
Full-time artist and TV2 children’s art tutor Hasren Ismail, better known as Uneh the Colour Pencil King and veteran naïve artist Ismail Baba joined in the efforts with a drawing workshop.
Uneh taught the children his drawing and colouring techniques to create heart-warmingly positive messages that will be given to the National Cancer Council (Makna) and distributed to cancer patients.
Azura, Uneh and Ismail volunteered because of their belief that unity begins from experiences as youths. | <urn:uuid:2b49122e-d3a0-4349-9b27-ecacfd492486> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://letusaddvalue.blogspot.com/2013/09/radio-deejay-and-cartoonist-teach.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280364.67/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00035-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970137 | 522 | 1.914063 | 2 |
To sell a property, the typical technique is to clean and fix up your home, list it with an agent, and wait for buyers to compete for the best price, which should result in some kind of financial gain for you. You can still sell your property even if you don’t like the typical way or if circumstances make it impossible. There are often companies that buy houses for cash.
Despite the fact that they may seem to be the same at first glance, there are a wide variety of organizations out there willing to purchase your house quickly and for cash. To help you decide whether or not to sell your house to a corporation, we’ll go through the many sorts of businesses you could run across and how they operate.
How to Find a Home Buyer
You’ll find a wide range of firms willing to purchase your home, each with a unique approach to the process and a distinct reason. Listed below are six potential purchasers of your home:
- Cash buyers for franchises.
- House Flippers
- Buy-and-hold investors.
- Trade-in businesses.
- Brokers or lenders releasing funds to promote purchases.
Buyers with A Proven Track Record
You may remember a few well-known national businesses that buy houses for cash under the guise of a franchise. You’ll be working with a local franchisee, so you’ll have access to their local knowledge.
Franchisee cash purchasers generally choose to work with local contractors to flip a house or to retain it for rental revenue. A regular fee or a percentage of revenues, depending on the firm, will be charged to the franchisees in exchange for their brand association and any necessary support.
You may be aware with the notion of ‘flipping’ a home if you’ve seen any of the HGTV episodes about it: Investors buy an old or run-down property and refurbish it so that it is move-in ready before selling it for a profit (hopefully).
The primary goal of a home flipper is to make a profit by selling the property for a profit within a year or six months. Independent local firms may also be able to make a transaction happen quickly by paying cash to a homeowner while cash buyer franchises may flip property.
When it comes to flipping homes, you’re more likely to come across individuals with some contracting experience who can afford to acquire and renovate a property without financing, unless they have investors backing them up.
Another sort of investor you could encounter is one who buys your home with the intention of re-renting it to new tenants down the road. To avoid paying a premium price, many investors choose to acquire a property that needs a little TLC before renting it out.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2018 Rental Housing Finance Survey, which was first released in 2020, almost 73 percent of rental homes in the United States are held by people who own between one and a few properties to generate income. With investors, cash bids are feasible, but the closing time might be lengthier than with a person or corporation giving cash, as with home flippers.
Homeowners who need a speedy sale to free up cash for a new home purchase but are hesitant or unable to give up a significant portion of the property’s worth in exchange for the acceptable price may choose to consider a trade-in firm. In order to get the money needed to buy a new home, these organizations lend money based on the present house’s valuation, then put it up for sale, with a portion going to the company.
Brokers or Lenders Releasing Funds to Promote Purchases
When a buyer has a house to trade in, lenders or real estate agents may acquire the client’s current residence in order to provide the buyer extra money to make a more competitive bid on a newer property.
Borrowers’ present homes are purchased by lenders and then sold by lenders. An important advantage in a hot seller’s market is that now the borrower may act as a cash buyer.
Additionally, a form of trade-in service lowers the stress of having to sell a house on the open market before finding a new location, but then needing to relocate swiftly in order to have a place to live.
Despite the fact that many lenders and brokers offering these sorts of programmers charge an extra fee or percentage of the final transaction price, their ultimate purpose is to encourage individuals to actively purchase and sell properties. Brokers get a cut of the revenue from two transactions, and the lender often provides the homeowner with a new mortgage.
Read more: Click | <urn:uuid:1b669e27-d4dc-49ac-a765-9191a98372b3> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://answerques.com/companies-that-buy-houses-for-cash/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.9483 | 977 | 1.523438 | 2 |
After much technical discussion in Code-Making Panel 4 and an appeal to the NFPA Standards Council, the requirements for a new product involving photovoltaic (PV) installations was inserted into 690.11 in the 2011 National Electrical Code (NEC). This new controversial product, a PV direct-current (DC) arc-fault circuit interrupter (AFCI), did not exist in the marketplace at the time of the panel discussion or the appeal, and there was no listing standard or outline of investigation for it.
After the NEC Technical Correlating Committee and the NFPA Standards Council decided to insert the requirement into the 2011 NEC, UL developed Subject 1699B, the Outline of Investigation for Photovoltaic (PV) DC Arc-Fault Circuit Protection, and the electrical industry started designing and building the DC AFCI unit. Within the last couple of months, UL listed the first inverter with integral PV DC AFCI protection; it is available for installation. Other devices are currently under investigation for listing.
PV DC AFCIs are intended to mitigate the effects of arcing faults that may pose a risk of fire ignition under certain conditions if the arcing persists and where a PV source, such as PV modules or arrays, supplies the DC circuits. The products covered in the PV arc-fault protection outline are PV DC AFCIs, PV DC arc-fault detectors, and PV DC interrupters. Also included in the PV standards are inverters, converters and charge controllers with integral AFCI protection. So the DC AFCIs can be built into the inverters, charge controllers or converters as an integral part or can be individual devices that provide sensing for and interrupting of arcing faults.
A PV DC AFCI is intended to be installed in a solar PV energy system to interrupt power when an AFCI detects an arcing fault. This device provides arcing protection for the PV system and the wiring.
A PV DC arc-fault detector is intended to detect arcing and provide protection for the PV system and wiring by enabling a separate interruption or shorting device to stop power delivered to an arcing fault.
A PV DC interrupting device is intended for installation in a PV energy system to interrupt a detected arcing fault. This device is generally enabled by another device that detects arcing, such as an arc-fault detector.
These products are classified as Type 1 or Type 2 devices. Type 1 devices are intended to detect and interrupt series arcing faults. Type 2 devices are designed to detect and interrupt both series and parallel arcing faults.
A series arc might occur due to internal damage or breakage of a conductor within its insulation. A parallel arc fault typically involves a metal staple or other conductive object penetrating the insulation of two conductors within a cable, creating an arc from one conductor to the other.
The products will be marked “Type 1” or “Type 2” and with the manufacturer’s name, trademark or other suitable means of identification; a catalogue designation; the electrical ratings in DC voltage; the load capacity in DC amperes; and the short-circuit current rating of the device.
The text in 690.22 states that PV systems with DC source circuits (PV modules), DC output circuits (output of combiner) or both, located on a building or penetrating into a building and operating at a PV system maximum voltage of 80 volts or greater, must be protected by a listed (DC) AFCI, PV type or other system components listed to provide equivalent protection.
The PV arc-fault protection means must comply with the following requirements:
Section 690.11 was inserted into the 2011 NEC to ensure a PV DC AFCI device is installed in PV installations as soon as the equipment becomes available as a listed product.
ODE is a staff engineering associate at Underwriters Laboratories Inc., based in Peoria, Ariz. He can be reached at 919.949.2576 and [email protected]. | <urn:uuid:8d0fe156-7f79-4dc0-b0a9-e17288192ae7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.ecmag.com/print/section/green-building/progress-pvs?qt-issues_block=0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00247-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.90967 | 835 | 2.578125 | 3 |
This introductory theory course is aimed at the complete novice including anyone new to boating, power-boaters, sea anglers, divers, experienced dinghy sailors & inshore racers or those that may have been on the water, but have no awareness of the significance of what they, or others, are doing around them. The RYA feel that there is sometimes a perception that the existing shore-based theory courses are aimed at sailors rather than motor boaters. This course has equal emphasis on both sectors.
At Bisham Abbey we run the Essential Navigation and Seamanship Theory course over two days, course numbers are small and the RYA course pack with plotter is included in the course fee.
The introductory RYA Essential Navigation and Seamanship course, given in a relaxed atmosphere, with no assessments, should whet your appetite for learning and is the perfect launch pad for further theory courses where you can study the subjects in more depth, such as our full RYA Day Skipper five day certificate course, and the one day VHF Radio (SRC), First Aid and Diesel Engine Maintenance courses
The RYA Essential Navigation and Seamanship course syllabus will include:
- Charts and Publications Plotter and Chart
- Safety, including Engine Checks
- Tidal Awareness
- Visual Navigation and Pilotage
- Rules of the Road
- Electronic Navigation
- Weather Forecasts
- Passage Planning
A light lunch can be purchased within the main centre or bring your own. Hot drinks are available from our coin operated vending machine.
Course Dates and Prices | <urn:uuid:fdbed5ba-89a3-4ce0-99b2-c557806edd32> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bishamabbeysailing.co.uk/shore-based-courses/rya-essential-navigation-and-seamanship-course | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281069.89/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.927435 | 323 | 1.984375 | 2 |
A tall tale from the far north.
Prickly Rose is tired of being left behind when her legendary big sister, Sitka, goes off on yet another adventure. Determined to follow in Sitka’s huge footsteps, Prickly sets off—with tumultuous results. As she tromps across Alaska, Prickly fires up a volcano, gives the earth a mighty shake, and whips up a tsunami. Prickly Rose stirs up the kind of trouble that only a little sister can.
Look Inside the Book:
Author & Illustrator Bios:Shelley Gill, author
Author, adventurer, whale detective, pony wrangler, dog musher and all around fun hog, Shelley Gill lives her books! Shelley is the author of several children's books, including Alaska, Hawai'i, and Sitka Rose.
Read more about Shelley.
Judy Love, illustrator
Judy Love is a graduate of Rhode Island School of Design and has illustrated numerous children's books, including First Day Jitters and Last Day Blues by Julie Danneberg. She lives near Charlotte, North Carolina, with her family.
Read more about Judy.
"If it weren't for the Rose girls, what would Alaska be?"
According to this original tall tale, Alaska would be missing many geographic and topographic features if it weren't for the feats of Sitka and Prickly Rose. "Legend says the Rose girls / towered ten feet tall. / Truth is, Sitka did so; / Prickly not at all." When Sitka mushes toward Nome, Prickly, as her name suggests, feels left out and declares she won't be stuck at home. She jumps aboard two orcas and creates a tsunami when she falls off; she rides a "glacier bear"; she yanks the moon and forms tides; she stomps and causes both an earthquake and a volcanic eruption. Just when Prickly's sour luck runs out, Sitka bursts from the northern lights driving a team of wolverines, and sisterly love erupts. This story follows Gill's previous picture book, Sitka Rose, illustrated by Shannon Cartwright, checking off expected Alaska attractions (Denali, the Yukon River) and folding in Alaska slang (williwaws, skookum). The rhyming text tends to hamper the flow of the tale, but the wild and woolly story is animated with boisterous illustrations that exaggerate the hijinks. A map in the backmatter pinpoints the locations of the episodes.
Though mostly of regional interest, this could easily be paired with other female tall tales, such as Anne Isaacs and Paul Zelinsky's Swamp Angel, Jerdine Nolen and Kadir Nelson's Thunder Rose and Lynne Bertrand and Kevin Hawkes' Granite Baby.
ISBN: 978-1-60734-733-0 EPUB
ISBN: 978-1-60734-631-9 PDF
For information about purchasing E-books, click here.
Page count: 32
11 x 8 1/2
Correlated to Common Core State Standards:
Reading Literature. Grade 1. Standards 1-4, 6, 7, and 10.
Reading Literature. Grade 2. Standards 1-5, 7, and 10.
If you like this book, you’ll enjoy these: | <urn:uuid:40f2c872-af41-4038-9cd2-d6fb1c47d761> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.charlesbridge.com/products/prickly-rose | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280410.21/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00453-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.895679 | 702 | 2.15625 | 2 |
Seats Pass FAA Part 23 Crash Standards; Company Hopes For Full
Cert By End Of Year
If there's someone
better qualified to say that the race to receiving FAA
certification of a new airplane is a marathon -- not a sprint --
Seawind President Richard Silva would probably want to talk to
them, and swap some war stories. Silva has been trying to get his
Seawind 300C amphibian -- previously available in kit-built form --
FAA-certified for over three years. The company had originally
expected certification by summer 2004.
But like the Energizer Bunny, Seawind is still going two years
later -- still plugging away, and meeting with some success. In
fact, the company recently celebrated a major achievement towards
that goal -- meeting the FAA's Part 23 crash-test certification
requirements on the forward and aft seats.
Why are those tests significant? Silva says there are several
reasons, not the least of which is the unique design and cabin
layout of the Seawind.
"Many people have asked why we didn’t use an existing
design?" Silva said. "...I wanted the Seawind to have seats that
are as versatile as the aircraft. The forward seat can be moved the
full length of the cabin. It can be moved full forward for easy
entry to the rear seats or for sleeping in the Seawind camper
version... The seats also had to be moveable full aft for easy
entry to the front for swimming as well as standing up for
"[M]ost people do not realize how stringent the regulations
are," Silva continued. "The forward seats must sustain a crash load
of 26g (26 times the force of gravity) forward with the floor
severely twisted. It must also absorb a 19 g vertical crash test at
a 60 degree angle. Not only does the structure have to withstand
these loads, the anatomic dummy must also survive without its spine
load exceeding 1500 pounds."
"By comparison, an airline seat need only withstand a forward
crash load of 14g even though the crash speed is far faster.
Airline seats have much greater headroom and are fixed to the floor
making the design much simpler."
Silva added the forward
seatbacks in the Seawind also hold the shoulder belts,
necessitating a seat structure and floor tracks strong enough to
carry the upper body load. The seats also recline for comfort on
"Well, we made it!" Silva said. "Thanks go to the skill of our
engineering staff and their collaboration with the FAA staff CAMI
test facility in Oklahoma City."
According to the Seawind website, the company expects to begin
flight testing with the FAA certification testbed aircraft at the
end of April. The test aircraft will first be flown to the Baker
Aviation test team’s facility. Seawind adds that Baker has
certified a number of land and seaplane STCs and new models in
Seawind says that Baker estimates four to five months to
complete VFR certification, which includes flutter and spin
testing. (The certification tests will be put on hold for Oshkosh
at the end of July, so the company can display the FAA test
The test team has then allowed another month to complete IFR and
autopilot certification, with "probably" another thirty days to
process the paper work, during which time they are also scheduled
to complete the FADEC certification for the plane's Continental
To date, Seawind reports 64 customers have ante'd up deposits
for their own 300C... and despite the significant delays in
certification, only two customers have withdrawn their money.
"We are late for a reason," Silva writes on the Seawind website.
"It is also to let you know that if we uncover a problem, we will
correct it. Our goal is to provide not only the best airplane that
we can, but the best seaplane in the world."
"The evolution of an intelligent design goes on, and we
won’t give up," he added. | <urn:uuid:24abbfb4-dcc0-4a44-90e1-45e3fbdd53e5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://aero-news.net/index.cfm?do=main.textpost&id=dfc3634c-a299-49b6-8f0d-ab514b426a84 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280899.42/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00575-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949158 | 869 | 1.5625 | 2 |
On January 9, 1788, Connecticut ratified the Constitution, becoming the fifth state in the Union.
Connecticut suffered under the Articles of Confederation. While paying heavy import duties to New York State, Connecticut found it difficult to discharge its war debts and rebuild its economy. Delegates Oliver Ellsworth, William Samuel Johnson, and Roger Sherman were sent to the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia with a directive to create a more workable government in accordance with republican principles. As the debate polarized between large and small states over the issue of legislative representation, these men proved invaluable.
Large states advocated representation based on population, while smaller states, such as New Jersey, urged that each state have a single vote. Although protective of Connecticut’s interests as a small state, the Connecticut delegation remained flexible and lobbied for the “Connecticut Compromise.” It created the current legislative framework of an upper house based on equal representation, the Senate, and a lower house based on proportional representation, the House of Representatives.
After finishing their work at the Convention on September 17, 1787, the delegates returned to Connecticut. With Federalists firmly in control of the convention, Oliver Ellsworth opened the debates by reminding fellow citizens of Connecticut’s disadvantage under the Articles of Confederation:
Our being tributaries to our sister states is in consequence of the want of a federal system. The state of New York raises 60 or £80,000 a year by impost. Connecticut consumes about one third of the goods upon which this impost is laid, and consequently pays one third of this sum to New York. If we import by the medium of Massachusetts, she has an impost, and to her we pay a tribute. If this is done when we have the shadow of a national government, what shall we not suffer when even that shadow is gone!
Speech of Oliver Ellsworth. “Fragment of the Debates In the Convention of the State of Connecticut,” January 4, 1788. Elliot’s Debates, Vol.II, p. 189. A Century of Lawmaking for a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875
Ellsworth’s position prevailed. Connecticut’s ratifying convention approved the Constitution by an overwhelming majority less than a week after Ellsworth’s speech.
- Visit the special presentation To Form a More Perfect Union in Documents from the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention, 1774 to 1789 for background information about the weaknesses in the Articles of Confederation and the call for a Constitution.
- Examine the journals of the Continental Congress contained in A Century of Lawmaking For a New Nation: U.S. Congressional Documents and Debates, 1774-1875. These documents provide valuable insight into government under the Articles of Confederation.
- View the online exhibition Religion and the Founding of the American Republic. The section Religion and the Congress of the Confederation, 1774-89 examines the importance of religion to the men governing the United States from 1774 to 1789.
- Search on Connecticut in Music for the Nation: American Sheet Music, ca. 1870 to 1885 to learn such tunes as “Courting in Connecticut” or “Connecticut Joe.”
- Search Today in History on the terms Articles of Confederation or Constitution to read a variety of features about these important documents. | <urn:uuid:33f4f76c-ae3e-4c66-b264-60e3dc23358e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/january-09/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.918907 | 696 | 3.8125 | 4 |
Europe keeps wary eye on jihadists traveling to fight in Syria
As the number of Western fighters in Syria grows, officials in Europe say the situation could eventually prove more dangerous to the West than Afghanistan.
Paris — A version of this post appeared on Syria Deeply, a multimedia platform covering the Syrian war.
Western nations have long known their unwillingness to intervene in Syria’s civil war could only mean mounting death and destruction for Syrian civilians. Now those countries are getting dismal reminders of the grave consequences the enduring conflict is having on their domestic security as well.
According to counterterrorism officials and independent experts, the number of newly radicalized European Muslims flocking to fight with jihadi militias in Syria more than doubled in 2013, as the war ground toward its fourth year.
Though figures vary significantly, specialists’ estimates indicate between 2,000 and 3,000 Europeans are currently acquiring combat and explosives skills as part of their anti-Assad fighting. Virtually all are considered a formidable potential terror threat whose eventual return home is just a question of time.
“Whatever the exact numbers are, what we’re hearing from other [European security] services are in line with the big increase we’ve seen of French radicals joining the Syrian jihad,” says a senior French counterterrorism official who spoke on condition of anonymity.
“It’s now gone into another dimension, different from anything most countries have seen before. Bigger than Iraq, Yemen and in many ways even bigger than Afghanistan. The risks are already big, and they’ll just keep growing as the Syrian war continues.”
French authorities say the surge in budding extremists going to Syria to join radical forces over the past year has climbed from 500 to 600. Earlier this year, a top French government official put the number closer to 700.
Those figures are in line with estimates obtained from UK security services by The Telegraph, which reported that around 500 Britons are currently fighting in Syria. There are also known to be large groups of recruits from Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands. Even countries that had never registered significant outward-bound radical migration, like Finland and Switzerland, count their nationals among foreign fighters in Syria.
Small portion of foreign jihadists
Europeans make up but a portion of that foreign jihad legion. Aaron Y. Zelin of the Washington Institute on Near East Policy, who studies the Syrian jihad, calculates that between 3,300 and 11,000 foreigners have traveled to Syria to aid anti-Assad militias since 2011.
He estimates the number to have climbed above 8,500 (though a number of that total are believed to have returned home to the West).
Europeans represent nearly 20 percent of Zelin’s estimate of foreign recruits to Syria. And French authorities suggest Europe’s representation may be even higher, placing the current number of Europeans thought to be involved in the Syrian war somewhere above 2,000.
The relative proximity of Syria, and ease of travel via a popular vacation destination like Turkey, was destined to make Syrian jihad alluring to young European radicals. And those volunteers are already proving different from earlier generations of battle-bound extremists.
“These people are coming from every social, economic, educational, ethnic and even religious niche, and defy most standard profiles we previously had of potential jihadi,” the official says.
“Yes, the usual suspects of alienated, radicalized Muslim men are still in the mix. And yes, we’re seeing more converts to Islam radicalize themselves – often through web resources – and join extremist groups as we increasingly had in recent years. But we’re also seeing women leave to join the fight – some with small children. We’ve seen entire families. It’s getting hard to be surprised at seeing who turns up in Syria, because volunteers are coming from just about every social category and background.”
French authorities say recruits to Syria aren’t adopting the low profile of European radicals who went to Afghanistan, Iraq and Yemen. Once in country, the French official notes, most Europeans broadcast their activities and exploits via social media or in calls to family and friends back home, in part to encourage other potential jihadi to follow their example.
“It’s an insouciance that traditional, core al-Qaida leaders would have never tolerated, because it compromises the potential of those same fighters returning home to mount terror activity undetected,” he says.
“As things are now, it’s easy enough identifying just who is in Syria – or returned and are urging others to join the fight. But that’s bound to change when jihadi leaders in Syria and elsewhere decide to internationalize their fight, and order recruits to mask their identities and movements even before they leave to join Syrian militias.”
According to the French official, security forces across Europe anticipate jihadi leaders will instruct European fighters to take their holy war beyond the borders of Syria, once they return home from fighting Assad.
“Under most scenarios, they’d have little to lose by unleashing terror operatives in Europe, and would tend to view such activity as logical within their wider worldview,” the official says. “That’s the one very bad way we don’t expect Syria to be much different from Afghanistan – except in possibly being an even bigger threat.” | <urn:uuid:ae864d1c-f748-411d-80b3-87b915893115> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2014/0422/Europe-keeps-wary-eye-on-jihadists-traveling-to-fight-in-Syria | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952489 | 1,101 | 1.78125 | 2 |
The difference in predicting product demand and product sales comes down to real numbers versus experience and intuition. Predicting product sales usually involves more mathematical calculations than gauging product demand, which relies more heavily on economic conditions and consumer confidence in the market. Both methods leave room for error and are far from being exact an science.
Forecasting Product Demand
Forecasting demand for a product is a form of sales prediction. According to Tutor2U, an economics website, forecasting demand is a type of macro sales forecasting that seeks to gauge consumer interest in a given product across the entire market. Macro forecasting focuses on the existing level of demand for a product. This forecasting technique also considers how current product demand shapes future demand. Predicting demand requires detailed sales figures from the current market as well as numbers from previous years. Gauging future demand without previous sales figures to make informed projections is difficult, but not impossible.
Demand Forecasting Techniques
The two techniques for forecasting demand are the qualitative and quantitative approaches. According to SME Toolkit website, the qualitative approach uses the opinions of business executives, customer market surveys and the considerations of industry peers/experts to gauge product demand when no solid sales data exists. The quantitative method uses historical sales data, mathematical calculations and the sales figures of current products to determine demand for new products entering the marketplace.
Estimating Product Sales
Predicting product sales is a form of micro sales forecasting. This type of sales prediction technique focuses on a detailed product forecast to provide a business with a concrete financial figure concerning anticipated product revenue. Whereas demand predicting concerns itself with consumer interest, sales forecasting hones in on a financial number. According to Tutor2U, micro forecasting determines the market share of a given product and how that market share will evolve over time. Market share is the percentage of total sales a product receives in comparison to the sales of competitor products across a given market segment.
Increasing Prediction Accuracy
Increasing the accuracy of sales or demand predictions requires large cash expenditures. Even if a business spends a lot of money on consumer surveys, previous sales research and product development, sales predictions can still fall short of actual sales. There's no true way to predict product demand or a product's sales in the open market with 100 percent accuracy even with the most detailed data available. Remaining conservative in demand and sales predictions can help a company avoid situations in which product sales must outperform the competition for the business to turn a profit.
- Jupiterimages/Photos.com/Getty Images | <urn:uuid:166d4a0d-66f6-4fd2-bd20-9ad2af5ab634> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://smallbusiness.chron.com/differences-forecasting-demand-sales-35473.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281574.78/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00019-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.908844 | 506 | 2.734375 | 3 |
COVID-19: Things To Do, Virtual Classes, and Resources to Stay Safe and Informed
Brooks Rehabilitation Pediatric Recreation hosts free virtual programming. Schedules are posted on Monday morning for the upcoming week. Virtual programming activities include storytime, dance, kids in the kitchen, drumming, and more. All links to participate virtually will be shared on their Facebook Group, here.
The Pediatric Recreation Program provides a supportive environment for youth with physical and/or developmental disabilities to engage in recreation activities. The goals of the program are to promote a sense of self-worth, belonging, and quality of life. The program is coordinated by a Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist and designed to benefit our participants by providing supervised and guided opportunities for socialization and overall health. | <urn:uuid:aa589fe8-195e-4ed6-8120-1f664d1d941f> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.jax4kids.com/covid-19/view/brooks-pediatric-virtual-programs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571745.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812170436-20220812200436-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.936338 | 158 | 1.78125 | 2 |
Check on business activities: repayment traders
- a repayment trader is defined in V1-28 Registration as a trader whose deductible input tax regularly exceeds output tax;
- a trader classified as a repayment trader is excluded from the normal payment enforcement processing (DMBM Debt Management and Banking Manual) they therefore, do not receive a central tax assessment when a return is not furnished for a particular accounting period;
- classified repayment traders are excluded from surcharge processing;
- on each visit to a trader classified as a repayment trader consider whether the repayment indicator is still appropriate;
- as a guide, if a trader is in a net tax due position over a period of one year, and in that year has furnished as many payment returns as repayment returns; an amendment to the indicator from repayment to payment would be justified;
- any necessary amendment should be made using VAT 12M(A) and passing to the appropriate section for VALID input;
- bear in mind that reclassifying a repayment trader as a payment trader will result in the trader being required to furnish returns and account for tax on a quarterly basis instead of monthly. Where the trader’s application for registration was late, a belated notification penalty may be applicable and the matter should be referred to the Registration Section; and
- any trader so reclassified should be informed in writing accordingly.
Payment by electronic means is much quicker and a more secure process than the issue of a payable order. Payment by BACS is the Departmental standard and takes three days to credit to a trader’s account.
You should obtain:
- bank branch name and address;
- account holder’s name;
- account number; and
- branch sort code number | <urn:uuid:cd3a2fe1-fd34-4eb3-8913-77e4fe1faad1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.gov.uk/hmrc-internal-manuals/vat-small-and-medium-enterprises-assurance/vsme21000 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281162.88/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00534-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94286 | 355 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Scientists have modified genes in the blood cells of HIV patients to help them resist the AIDS virus, and say the treatment seems safe and promising. The results give hope that this approach might one day free at least some people from needing medicines to keep HIV under control, a form of cure.
The idea came from an AIDS patient who appears cured after getting a cell transplant seven years ago in Berlin from a donor with natural immunity to HIV. Only about 1 percent of people have two copies of the gene that gives this protection.
Researchers are seeking a more practical way to get similar results by using gene therapy to modify patients' own blood cells.
A study of this in 12 patients was led by Dr. Carl June at the University of Pennsylvania. Results are in Thursday's the New England Journal of Medicine. These are the first published results from this method, which also has been tried in several smaller studies of patients in California.
HIV usually infects blood cells through a protein on their surface, a "docking station" called CCR5. A California company, Sangamo BioSciences Inc., makes a treatment that can knock out a gene that makes CCR5.
The 12 HIV patients had their blood filtered to remove some of their cells. The gene-snipping compound was added in the lab, and the cells were infused back into the patients.
Four weeks later, half of the patients were temporarily taken off AIDS medicines to see the gene therapy's effect. The virus returned in all but one of them, but the modified cells seemed to be protected from HIV infection and were more likely to survive than the cells that had not been treated.
"We knew that the virus was going to come back in most of the patients," but the hope is that the modified cells eventually will outnumber the rest and give the patient a way to control viral levels without medicines, said Dr. Pablo Tebas, one of the Penn researchers. That would be what doctors call a "functional cure," because the virus would still be present but held in check without treatment.
The lone patient whose HIV did not return turned out to have one copy of the protective gene, so "nature had done half of the job already," Tebas said.
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases sponsored the work with Sangamo and Penn.
"The ultimate goal is to create an immune system in the body that's been edited genetically so the cells are not capable of being infected with HIV," said institute director Dr. Anthony Fauci, "but we are a long way from there at this point."
Jay Johnson, 53, who works for Action AIDS, an advocacy and service organization in Philadelphia, had the treatment more than three years ago. Although the virus rebounded when he temporarily went off HIV medicines, tests show his modified blood cells are still multiplying.
"Hopefully one day I'll be able to say I'm HIV negative again," he said.
AIDS information: http://www.aidsinfo.nih.gov
Marilynn Marchione can be followed at http://twitter.com/MMarchioneAP | <urn:uuid:26709b0a-cf51-4f28-9a15-1e5b0ac026b8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.yahoo.com/news/gene-therapy-seems-safe-may-help-control-hiv-220024010--finance.html?soc_src=mediacontentsharebuttons&ref=gs | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719843.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00291-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970324 | 634 | 2.890625 | 3 |
On July 17, 2013, NASA’s Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph, or IRIS, spacecraft opened its spectrographic eyes to gaze at the heretofor unseen lowest layers of the sun’s atmosphere.
IRIS is built to view the Sun’s interface region, a complex area between the photosphere and corona. Understanding the interface region is important because it forms the ultraviolet emission that impacts satellites in near-Earth orbit and the weather. The region also drives solar wind.
IRIS’s instruments are a combination of an ultraviolet telescope and a spectrograph.
Light is split into its component parts. Two of the components are used by IRIS to provide high-resolution images one wavelength of light at a time, the other is the whole spectrum that provides information about many wavelengths of light at once.
The data from IRIS is fed into supercomputers to help interpret the data.
I suppose this puts my 50mm Coronado and PST telescopes to shame, but I still enjoy the view.
Please remember not to look at the Sun without the proper protective eyewear (NOT sunglasses) or through any telescope not designed, or shielded, for solar viewing.
– Ex astris, scientia –
I am and avid amateur astronomer and intellectual property attorney in Pasadena, California and I am a Rising Star as rated by Super Lawyers Magazine. As a former Chief Petty Officer in the U.S. Navy, I am a proud member of the Armed Service Committee of the Los Angeles County Bar Association working to aid all active duty and veterans in our communities. Connect with me on Google + | <urn:uuid:11e380ab-2823-4b8f-8c85-c618c779fb81> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://astronomyandlaw.com/?p=2820 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.92159 | 337 | 3.046875 | 3 |
The best day of a woman's life is often her wedding day - the day she's dreamed of since she was a little girl. In Ukraine, this thought is multiplied exponentially, as custom demands for an elaborate, three-day-minimum affair with loads of homemade food. The food, however, is precisely the problem: having to make so much food, families are forced to prepare in advance. Food then often sets out for too long or is not cooked thoroughly, which are the two root causes of food poisoning; and salmonella-derived illnesses are exactly what often happen during these massive traditions.
Recently, in the Ukrainian village Nemyryntsi, 20-year-old Yulia Yukhimets was rushed to the hospital along with about sixty of her wedding guests because of food-borne illness, the day of her wedding. All of the infected guests had eaten at the pre-ceremonial meal.
A dinner for approximately 150 guests was held at Yulia's mothers' home the day before Yulia married 29-year-old Oleksander Yukhimets, a cell phone salesman. Valentyna Hrabchak, along with several family members and friends, prepared her daughter's entire menu, including the slaughtered family pig. She says that everything was cooked fully and stored properly in a refrigerator or cool cellar.
The menu, made up of hoards of meat, included chicken wings, fried steak, smoked fish, pate, various meat patties and sausages. (Valentyna does not blame any of the meats, but the eggs that were used when cooking most of the traditional dishes.)
The day after the dinner, Yulia's wedding ceremony was held in her hometown; by that afternoon, she and many of her guests were violently ill with vomiting, diarrhea and severe stomach pains.
Along with the three-day celebration minimum, and menu made up entirely of homemade food, Ukrainian wedding tradition dictates that hosts prepare at least 35 dishes, not including the dessert list. Who could possibly prepare 35 dishes for 200 people themselves? The answer to this question is no one - at least not safely.
Amazingly, however, most Ukrainians that were asked (including several of the ill wedding guests themselves) still deny that there is anything wrong with these traditions; they blame, instead, their own bad luck. "These traditions were made not by us, but by our ancestors, so we try to maintain them," Svitlana Yukhimets said of friend Yulia's fateful feast.
Olena Scherban, an ethnographer acquainted with Ukrainian traditions and beliefs, gave insight into the importance placed on wedding celebrations. Scherban says that Ukrainian's believe in the idea that there are three pivotal moments in a person's life: birth, death and their wedding. This helps make it understandable how sick people will still defend the tradition at any cost, even their own health.
Mykola Zozulya, a doctor at the hospital where Yulia and her guests - including fourteen children - were taken to emergency care, said, "It's our Ukrainian mentality: We want for the table to collapse under the weight of the food." He says that he does not agree with the traditional wedding practices, as they are, obviously, unhealthy.
One of the 60 attendees rushed into the hospital on a stretcher was only 2-years-old; Yulia herself was taken by ambulance.
Seemingly, these types of cases are all too common in Ukraine, where traditions are followed to the letter. It is not documented, specifically, how many cases of wedding food poisoning occur yearly, but it is certainly not uncommon for it to happen. The Summer months, when food is much more likely to spoil, are the most common times for weddings.
All of the wedding guests were able to come home from the hospital in Ruzhyn after about a week of treatment. | <urn:uuid:e5c621c9-5250-4d71-9b76-4105423fb07b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.webpronews.com/ukranian-wedding-feasts-happiest-day-of-a-girls-life-or-the-sickest-2013-08/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280891.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00160-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984839 | 794 | 2 | 2 |
Many people might have heard of language Sanskrit. It was recently I personally came across language named
Avestan. Before we dive further, I want to draw out this quick language chart for your reference so you can follow along.
If you notice, Avestan and Sanskrit had a common ancestor. It branched out while retaining some traits. Languages affect cultures and vice versa. Old Avestan is quite close in both grammar and lexicon to Vedic Sanskrit, the oldest Indo-Aryan language (Most of the Vedic texts are written with)
For example, the four directions of the sky are named, just as in India (Sanskrit/Prakrit) and in Indo-European in general, by looking eastwards, and the east is the first in such lists (WITZEL 1972). The Persian kings, too, arranged the lists of their provinces in pradakia
Gathas are lexically similar (blood relative) to Gatha(India). Meaning, they are similar in words and sounds and retaining meanings of some words. Avestan and Sanskrit are called
Cognates (having common parent) by historical linguists.
Karl Hoffman, a German Indo-Europeanist and Indo-Iranist. Hoffmann was mainly interested in Indo-Iranian studies. His studies are essentially devoted to Vedic, transmitted in India, and to Avestan and Old Persian on the Iranian side. He introduced a language category
Indo-Iranian owing to similarities between Old Iranian Language and Vedic.
Since Vedic, as the religious language of ancient India, is amply attested; but the evidence for the two Old Iranian languages is very limited. Hoffmann often brought Vedic, as the most closely related language, into his arguments. This practice made it possible for him to release Old Iranian problems from their isolation, that is, to put content-related or linguistic questions in a new light or to rearrange them by approaching them from Vedic
Hoffmann’s book on Avestan appeared after his death:
Avestische Laut- und Flexionslehre (1996, with B. Forssmann). He did a historical comparison of Old Avestan and Vedic scriptures.
Avestan is mostly orally transmitted language without scripts. It is known from manuscripts found in Iran and Gujarat. The earliest manuscript dates from A.D. 1288.
The large number of letters used suggests that their invention resulted from an attempt to record an orally recited text with all its phonetic nuances. For that reason the Avestan script must have been the deliberate invention or creation of a scholar or of a group of scholars. Source- Morgenstierne, “Orthography and Sound-system,” pp. 31-33.
The Avestan script is based on the Pahlavi script in its cursive form as used by theologians of the Zoroastrian church when writing their books. The Avesta speaks of several lands that include the SaptaSindhu (Sindhu-Sarasvati region of North and Northwest India). The scripture of the Zoroastrians is the Avesta. It includes the Yasna (Sanskrit yajna) with the G¯ath¯as of Zarathushtra, Videvdat or Vendidad (Vi-daeva-dat, “antiDaeva”), and Yaˇst (hymn), which are hymns for worship.
During the Sasanian period the Avesta was translated
into Pahlavi and this version is called
Ahura Mazda, the supreme God of the Zoroastrian faith. He is self-created, omniscient, omnipresent, holy, invisible, and beyond human conceptualization.
In Yast 1, Ahura Mazda proclaims:
My sixth name is understanding; my seventh is Intelligent One; my eighth name is Knowledge; my ninth is Endowed with Knowledge; my twentieth is Mazda (Wisdom). I am the Wise One; my name is the Wisest of the Wise.
This is similar to concept of Purusha in Vedic Sanskrit literature - Vedas. Many deities are identical in the Zoroastrian (Avesta) and the Vedic systems.
- G¯av (Gauh.): Cosmic Cow, Earth
- Asm¯an (A´sman): Stony vault, Sky; seen in opposition to Zam, Earth.
- Apas ¯ (Apah ¯.): Cosmic Waters; Ab¯ ¯ an
- V¯ayu, V¯ay (V¯ayu): Breath
- V¯ad (V¯ata): Wind
- Yasna (Yajna); ˜ also Jashn; the act of worship; sacrifice
Horse Chariots and Its originations are tracked to common ancestor and their references in the archeological dig site Bactria-Margina Complex - BMAC
Loan words, cremation sites, cultures, there are parallels in terms of gods, tradition, some might even intersect. Language for me is view into history and another view into how we evolved. More you read and analyze, more you see end of the say we are simple humans before anything.
Subscribe To My Weekly Newsletter | <urn:uuid:14c78b83-af9f-4d72-a9a9-fc83f7db83b4> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://lazydevstories.com/post/avestan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571584.72/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812045352-20220812075352-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.925283 | 1,138 | 3.5 | 4 |
All porcelain Crowns, also known as caps, slide over teeth to hide misshaping, misalignment, cracks, discoloration,other imperfections.
CROWN: A crown is a restoration that covers, or “caps,” a tooth to restore it to its normal shape and size, strengthening and improving the appearance of a tooth.
BRIDGE: A bridge is a dental appliance that replaces one or more natural missing teeth,thereby “bridging” the space between two teeth.
If you’re missing a tooth or more, you may find that there are other things you miss. You may miss your natural smile. Naturally, the effect of tooth loss varies from person to person and depends on what exactly has been lost. The root anchors the tooth in your jawbone, providing stable support for the crown. Without the root, the bone around the lost tooth may gradually recede, remaining teeth may shift and chewing may become more difficult with time. If you’re interested in replacing your entire tooth,your option is dental implant or bridge restoration.
Standard metal & quotnı-co or precious metals & quotau can be used as infrastructure.Gold is the most precious and biocompatable material.Therefore aplications using precious metals get more healthy and esthetic results.
They are made from reinforced porcelain. Although many things affect the appearance of crowns,the most important thing is their reaction to the light.Natural teeth are transparent and pass the light.As this result the natural teeth have depth and vitality.Full-porcelain crowns can also pass the light and their appearance are like the natural teeth.Metal porcelain crowns show dark areas in some lights(flash,discolight).They are cemented mechanically,but full-porcelain crowns are cemented both mechanical and chemical adhesion and this adhesion is much higher than metal-porcelain’s.Infrastructure does not include metal ,so there is not a dark line at the level of gum.It provides more esthetic image. When the gum recesses,full-ceramic crowns protect their esthetic appearance,but metal-porcelain crowns create a bad image in the region.Allergic reactions dont occur in full ceramic crowns.
In this system the reinforced porcelain are pressed in the special IPS maschine.They were prefered especially for the front area.They are translucent and esthehic.But they can not withdraw very high chewing forces,so they are not proper for the back area.
The infrasstructure is zirconium and it is white-colored and can withstand chewinf forces.It can be achieved an esthetic result especially in the back area.
Crowns decrease physical discomfort in teeth and offer extra support to those that are weak or damaged. They can also vastly improve the overall appearance of your smile and make your teeth much more durable. | <urn:uuid:d28cfa02-642d-4808-b784-0fcf79175288> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dentalstudioistanbul.com/all-porcelain-crown/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.928313 | 663 | 2.71875 | 3 |
Family Self-Guided Story Walk At The Boulders In Dalton
Hike the 0.5 mile Healthy Heart Loop and enjoy the fun story of a young fox!
The story walk will be on display for a self-guided adventure now through Sunday, August 16 (dawn to dusk) at The Boulders Reserve.
Ferdinand Fox’s First Summer by Mary Holland is a photographic journal of a red fox as he explores the world around him during the first few months of his life. He’s about a month old when he first comes out of the den. Watch as he learns to hunt through play and by using his senses.
See the changes as he grows from a young kit to a young fox. After all, by the next summer, he’ll have kits of his own! Naturalist photographer and environmental educator Mary Holland has captured Ferdinand Fox’s First Summer in a way that is sure to grab children’s hearts.
While the audience of the book is Kindergarten to 3rd grade, the content is great for all ages- even adults! It’s fun, informative, and exciting to see Ferdinand grow up!
To the trailhead parking area on Gulf Road, Dalton: take routes 8/9 east from the center of Pittsfield. Take a left onto Park Avenue in Dalton, past Craneville School. Take a left onto Gulf Road. Park at the pull-off on the left, opposite the parking for the Appalachian Trail. We do not recommend taking Gulf Road from Lanesboro; this is a very rough, seasonal dirt road.
GPS: 42.4816, -73.1783 (trailhead parking on Gulf Road)
The Boulders Reserve (a property of the Berkshire Natural Resources Council) is mostly located within the city limits of Pittsfield, but the above access and short trail are in Dalton.
HERE ARE ADDITIONAL TRAIL DESCRIPTIONS:
Healthy Heart Loop:
This easy loop winds you through hemlock forest with no elevation changes.
Explore wetlands, large trees and a fern-filled forest floor on this hike with little elevation changes.
Walk through diverse forests, stopping mid-way at the pond, on this trail with moderate elevation changes.
Follow an old wood road to the Boulders summit. | <urn:uuid:dc44f2cd-8902-47d1-91cb-13496e6d2dc6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://wupe.com/family-self-guided-story-walk-at-the-boulders-in-dalton/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00076.warc.gz | en | 0.93065 | 502 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Avocado oil is growing in popularity as more and more people recognize its value as a superior cooking oil. Cold pressed avocado oil also has many beneficial properties for improving your appearance, disease prevention and long-term optimal health.
I’ve written before about the importance of the smoke point of the oil you cook with and why avocado oil is the best and perhaps only oil that should be used for high temperature frying.
There’s also numerous reasons why the vegetable oils in most people’s kitchens may be damaging their health and why a good avocado oil is the best replacement.
Psoriasis is a non-contagious, recurring skin disease with symptoms that include patches of rough, dry and scaly skin surrounded by a red, inflamed border. Areas affected often become cracked and painful with severe itching.
Psoriasis can occur in various places on the body and over 6 million people in the USA are believed to be sufferers.
The term eczema refers to a variety of skin conditions that lead to irritated and inflamed skin, often with severe itching, blisters and red rashes on the areas affected.
Eczema is particularly difficult to live with when it appears on the face. Other common areas for outbreaks include knee and elbow creases, wrists and ankles, chest, back, neck and scalp.
While scientists don’t seem to be certain on the exact causes of eczema, it is believed to be the combined effect of various dietary and environmental triggers, along with a genetic susceptibility leading to problems with normal skin barrier function.
Using avocado oil, both as a skin moisturizer and having it in your diet on a regular basis, can make a very positive difference to the appearance of your skin. But can it also help with acne problems and other skin issues like enlarged pores and blackheads?
Avocado oil can be beneficial to acne sufferers in three different ways. First nutritionally, secondly as a nightly moisturizer, and thirdly as a topical treatment to prevent acne and diminish blackheads and enlarged pores.
Looking around your local cosmetic store or supermarket, there is a wide variety of different face moisturizers. All of them usually promising deeply hydrated, younger looking skin (often at a significant price).
But look a little closer at the ingredients list and the petrochemical derived additives like propylene glycol, cyclomethicone, petrolatum and methylparaben may not sound so appealing. In fact, many of these are actually known skin irritants, but manufacturers still include them in their formulations.
As healthy as it is on food and as a cooking oil, avocado oil also has some amazing benefits for your skin when used as a natural moisturizer.
Ahead is a look at why an increasing number of people are finding cold pressed avocado oil much more effective than those petrochemical-based face creams.
Avocado oil benefits include very high levels of healthy monounsaturated fats, phytosterols and antioxidants like vitamin E. All of these nutrients would be likely to help better your skin tone over time when added to your diet regularly.
Can avocado oil actually help with hair growth and just what is in it that makes it so good for your hair?
Despite many websites giving a long list of vitamins, minerals, omega-3 fats and amino acids supposedly in avocado oil. And then giving reasons why all of these nutrients are responsible for its hair growth properties, the truth about using avocado oil on your hair is actually much simpler and more powerful.
First a little cleanup of some of the avocado oil hair growth myths out there.
Here are three beneficial avocado oil treatments for your hair to improve its strength and shine. There is no need to buy expensive commercial conditioning treatments when these are so easy to make at home, all from ingredients straight out of the kitchen.
Blend three to five tablespoons of avocado oil (depending on length of your hair) with three to five tablespoons of extra virgin coconut oil and heat them in a saucepan on a very low heat until warmed to a comfortable temperature.
Avocado oil benefits your health in three main ways – through its superior fatty acid profile, high in monounsaturated fats; through its phytosterols, particularly the good levels of beta-sitosterol; and through its strong antioxidant content.
Ahead is a look into each of these 3 main health benefits of avocado oil and how it affects your body when you use it regularly, particularly as a replacement for harmful polyunsaturated cooking oils.
Avocado oil has a fatty acid profile weighted heavily towards monounsaturated fats. Typically, testing shows approximately 76% of the fat in avocado oil is monounsaturated, in the form of oleic and palmitoleic fatty acids.
The remainder is around 12% linoleic and alpha linolenic acids fatty acids (polyunsaturated and omega-3) and 12% palmitic and stearic saturated fats. Research studies suggest that monounsaturated fats are some of the healthiest to have in our diet.
Avocado oil is one of the healthiest oils to use in cooking and in salad dressings and other recipes. It is rich in monounsaturated fats, phytosterols such as beta-sitosterol and high in antioxidants like vitamin E, lutein and alpha and beta-carotene.
While it would be best enjoyed unheated to preserve all of the health benefits, avocado oil is also one of the most heat stable of all cooking oils. With an amazingly high smoking point of up to 520 degrees fahrenheit, it is far superior to olive oil for high temperature cooking and frying.
Despite all of its benefits for our health, avocado oil as a cooking oil is a very heat stable and one of the best possible oils for high-temperature frying.
Here’s why it’s worth changing from all those unhealthy processed oils, like cottonseed, soy, corn and canola oil, and even the healthier ones like olive oil, to avocado oil for cooking and frying with.
Is avocado oil better than olive oil in your kitchen and should you even be frying with olive oil or can this be dangerous?
This page looks at the differences between olive oil and avocado oil and just what makes the later superior for healthy cooking.
Like olive oil, avocado oil is one of the few cooking oils extracted directly from the fruit, rather than chemically extracted from seeds. Avocado fruit contains around 30% oil and it is extracted in a similar way to extra virgin olive oil.
Avocado oil is a very healthy cooking oil, with an extremely beneficial fatty acid profile, good levels of antioxidants and other healthy compounds. It also has a very high smoke point that makes it great for frying with.
Actually, in all of these ways it’s superior to the much more commonly used olive oil. Here’s why. | <urn:uuid:d783a98f-8da9-4cae-8e45-72bb1d5c47ed> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://superfoodprofiles.com/healthiest-oils/cold-pressed-avocado-oil/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988717963.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183837-00374-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961566 | 1,421 | 2.125 | 2 |
A NEW composition written about Britain’s most iconic plane is to have its world premier at Brooklands Museum.
Concorde, by Rob Davies, was specially commissioned by Surrey Brass and will be performed by the band to mark the start of Elmbridge’s annual Get Out & About Festival on May 4.
The piece was commissioned to commemorate the world-famous aeroplane, which was designed at Brooklands, and its connections with local people.
Mercedes-Benz World, which has its corporate headquarters at Brooklands, is sponsoring the festival.
Brooklands race track and aerodrome, which celebrates its centenary this year, is hosting the concert in the Wellington Hangar.
During the interval the audience will have the opportunity of a tour on Delta Golf, one of the two Concordes at Brooklands — the other being the famous scale model advertisement which has recently been brought from Heathrow Airport to Brooklands.
The idea for the piece came from Surrey Brass founder John Goodwin.
Mr Goodwin said: “I have been privileged to have lived under the Concorde flight path for many years and, like many other people, every time I was prevented from holding a conversation, it was a great excuse to pause and look skywards and admire one of the most beautiful aircraft ever to grace the skies. I did it every time.
“As a professional engineer I was also had an appreciation of the considerable effort and achievement of local people who were involved the creation of this engineering masterpiece, and also have to confess secretly felt a little bit of patriotic pride too.
“Before the aircraft was retired from service, I had the idea of creating a piece of music to reflect aspects of Concorde. I scribbled down some words to describe what I had in mind and then forgot about them. Several years later, my ensemble, Surrey Brass, was given the opportunity to play at Brooklands Museum at the opening of the Elmbridge cultural festival and I saw the opportunity to realise this idea.
“I hoped it would be possible to commission a composer to write this piece and for Surrey Brass to perform its premiere. With the help of our sponsors RC Sherriff Trust and Keith Michaels plc I do hope this music becomes a worthy cultural addition to the Concorde exhibit in Elmbridge.
“It is often said that music is the soundtrack of our lives and maybe this will become a new soundtrack for Concorde.”
Composer Rob Davies wrote the piece afloat, while playing in a cruise liner band travelling around some exotic locations.
In a previous collaboration with Surrey Brass he wrote music to accompany silent films made in Walton in 1905 by pioneering cinematographer Cecil Hepworth.
He said: “Being a brass player myself I know the kind of music that works well and is a thrill to play; loud, fast and very high.
“The idea behind the music first came from John in the form of a six-section story describing a journey of the fantastic aircraft. These were entitled; Hangar at 3am, Departure Lounge, Afterburner, Mach 2, Droop Snoot, and the Arrival.
“Surrey Brass is a great collection of talented individuals and together they will take every single note and give the music life. I hope the audience can identify the six different sections within the music, and enjoy the overall effect as much as I did writing it.”
The premiere will be conducted by Tom Hammond, 32, who is the first Sir Charles Mackerras Junior Fellow in conducting at Trinity College of Music, London.
He said: “I am always excited about the prospect of working on World Premieres, this piece has the added attraction of playing at Brooklands in the shadow of Concorde.”
Surrey Brass will record Concorde for a new CD two days after the premiere.
For information about the Get Out & About cultural festival contact Maggs Latter at Elmbridge Borough Council on 01372 474584. More information about Surrey Brass is available at the website surreybrass.co.uk. | <urn:uuid:2ba1b954-04fb-4e64-a323-d1e25242e0a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/local-news/music-set-immortalise-iconic-plance-4835118 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.969981 | 841 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Distance from Lahar to Mumbai
Distance from Lahār to Mumbai is 1,004 kilometers. This air travel distance is equal to 624 miles.
The air travel (bird fly) shortest distance between Lahār and Mumbai is 1,004 km= 624 miles.
If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles) from Lahar to Mumbai, It takes 1.11 hours to arrive.
Lahar is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates (DMS)||26° 11´ 38.4360'' N |
78° 56´ 28.9320'' E
Lahār Distances to Cities
|Distance from Lahar to Kanpur||143 km|
|Distance from Lahar to Jaipur||324 km|
|Distance from Lahar to Bhopal||361 km|
|Distance from Lahar to Barh||683 km|
|Distance from Lahar to Mumbai||1,004 km|
Mumbai is located in India.
|GPS Coordinates||19° 4´ 22.1880'' N |
72° 52´ 57.3960'' E
Mumbai Distances to Cities
|Distance from Mumbai to Ahmedabad||439 km|
|Distance from Mumbai to Banswara||521 km|
|Distance from Mumbai to Boisar||82 km|
|Distance from Mumbai to Ambad||311 km|
|Distance from Mumbai to Adoni||603 km| | <urn:uuid:e56288dd-8a19-417e-bf8d-813aa0dd9ee1> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.distancefromto.net/distance-from-lahar-in-to-mumbai-in | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00249-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.823468 | 313 | 1.898438 | 2 |
Lake Tritriva is a is small lake which fills an extinct crater 17 kilometres west of [[Antsirabe]], past [[Andraikiba|Lake Andraikiba]]. The name originates from the Malagasy words 'tritry', meaning the ridge back of a chameleon, and 'iva' meaning deep. The lake is said to be some 80 metres deep.
The water level drops in the rainy season and rises in the dry season and debris from the lake can found down in a valley below, supporting a theory of existing underground channels.
According to local folklore, two interwoven trees at the lakeside represents a young couple so much in love they drowned themselves in the ice cold water as they were forbidden to marry by their respective families
, and if the branches are cut, blood, not sap, will ooze from the stems.
A walk around the lake takes about 45 minutes. | <urn:uuid:29f52dd5-559e-47ee-a2b9-9f7b635eb5fb> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://madacamp.com/Special:MobileDiff/1766...58682 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00274.warc.gz | en | 0.947764 | 193 | 2.640625 | 3 |
New Delhi: A variety of events will be held on Wednesday to mark World Environment Day. (Agencies)
The theme for this year's World Environment Day celebrations is ‘Think, Eat, Save Reduce Your Foodprint’.
Environment Minister Jayanthi Natarajan will preside over a function organized on Wednesday to mark the occasion. According to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), every year 1.3 billion tonnes of food is wasted, which is equivalent to the same amount produced in sub-Saharan Africa.
At the same time, one in every 7 people in the world go to bed hungry and more than 20,000 children under the age of 5 die daily from hunger, according to FAO.
WWF-India, a nature Conservation Organisation, said it will launch a new campaign calling for a greater investment for renewable energy.
The campaign under the slogan 'Seize Your Power' seeks better policies, increased investments and greater public awareness towards renewable energy.
"This year long global initiative will look at the crucial need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel based power production, and urge governments, investors and organizations to make the right investment decisions that look at the real risks, costs and benefits of renewable energy vis-a-vis fossil fuels," it says.
New Delhi: A variety of events will be held on Wednesday to mark World Environment Day. | <urn:uuid:96bfb586-47cc-433e-aa0b-ce8e17203bc5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://post.jagran.com/world-environment-day-theme-think-eat-save-reduce-your-foodprint-1370408746 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280242.65/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00077-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.915997 | 282 | 2.65625 | 3 |
Editor's note: Jodee Blanco is an activist against and authority on school bullying. She conducts anti-bullying programs and wrote "Please Stop Laughing at Me ..." and its sequel, "Please Stop Laughing at Us ..."
(CNN) -- Once again, the nation is outraged that school bullying has claimed another victim. As news spread about the indictment of nine teens who are accused of relentlessly bullying 15-year-old Phoebe Prince to suicide this year, parents everywhere asked: "How could this have happened? Where were the adults?"
I couldn't help but wonder why it always takes a tragedy to get the world's attention. The suffering of millions of students all across America, some of whom are being bullied as badly as Phoebe and who have been crying out for help day after day, semester after semester, should be enough. Why are their voices not heard? What message are we sending these lonely, frustrated kids: that they might as well suffer in silence, because no one's going to take notice unless someone ends up dead?
I know what Phoebe felt as she walked the halls as a freshman at a Massachusetts school, listening to the jeers and whispers, praying she could make it to homeroom or math class in one piece.
I know the terror that descended over her like a dark cloak every time the bell rang, signaling the beginning of the school day. And I also know that as much as she must have hated her classmates for what they were putting her through, it was what they were denying her that hurt even worse: someone to sit with at lunch, the invitations to hang out on weekends and after school, the girl talk and giggles exchanged between trusted friends, the simple joy of fitting in. Before long, it pokes holes in your soul, and you can feel self-loathing start to fill in those empty spaces.
I know because, from fifth grade through high school, I was the target of relentless bullying for much the same reason Phoebe and so many other students are: simply for being "different."
I was threatened, beaten, dragged across parking lots, burned with lit cigarettes, teased, taunted and spat upon at lunch, mocked in gym, snickered at in class, ambushed at sleepovers and spit-balled on the school bus. My adolescence was a living hell, and it wasn't the acceptance my classmates withheld that caused the deepest anguish; it was all the love and friendship I had to give that no one wanted.
After a while, it backed up into my system like a toxin and poisoned my spirit. I can only imagine what Phoebe was thinking as she took her last breath on this Earth. I suspect that it was one word, the same word that haunts every bullied student. "Why?"
While I mourn this young girl's loss with my whole heart, none of us can do anything for Phoebe now. But it's not too late to save the next one and the hundreds after that and then the thousands after that. That's something we can do. And make no mistake. What happened at Phoebe's school is not rare. It is far more common than you may realize.
For the past eight years, since my memoir "Please Stop Laughing At Me ..." was released, I've been touring schools across the country, sharing my story to motivate change. When I go into a district, I do a daylong program that involves a student presentation, a teacher workshop and an evening parent/family seminar.
From rural communities and inner-city neighborhoods to affluent suburbs and small towns, I've spoken at hundreds of schools and held in my arms thousands of bullied kids, who come up to me after my student presentations with horror stories of their own about how their classmates are treating them. When I ask whether they've confided in a teacher or counselor, many of them say that they've reached out for help repeatedly and that "no one's doing anything."
It's not that these schools don't care or that they're in denial. They wouldn't have gone to the trouble or expense of bringing me in to speak if that were the case. But no school, no parent and no child can solve the problem of school bullying on his or her own. It requires a synergistic approach, one in which each person is equally committed to making a difference. Here's how you can help:
If you're a student, remember that it's not just joking around. Bullying people can damage them, and you, for life. Bullying is not just the mean things you do, it's all the nice things you don't do, like letting someone eat alone at lunch or ignoring people as if they're invisible. It doesn't take an overt act of cruelty to diminish someone's spirit. Simply never making the effort to include them in anything can be just as hurtful. Tomorrow at lunch, ask someone whom you wouldn't ordinarily reach out to to join your table.
If you're an educator, be vigilant. Pay attention to what's happening around you, not just in front of you in the classroom. And if you see a child struggling to belong, take action, talk to your principal, ask the school counselor to intervene, talk to the parents -- get involved and, most important, stay involved.
If you're a parent, recognize that your bullied child's spirit is bleeding from loneliness and you need to find an interim social life for him or her that will buy you the time to deal with the larger issues, such as working with the school and addressing the parents of the bullies. Contact the park district and local library in the nearest next town over that does not feed into your child's school district. Ask them to send you a list of their organized activities for kids. Have him choose one and then enroll him. This will give your child something to look forward to on those especially lonely days, and it will refresh the spirit.
If you've been a victim of peer abuse like me, turn your pain into purpose. Share your story at schools, PTA meetings, teacher in-services, anywhere they're willing to listen, and offer wisdom and insights from your own experiences.
Good luck, everyone. I know you can make a difference.
The opinions expressed in this commentary are solely those of Jodee Blanco. | <urn:uuid:908ef94c-7d31-47b5-a65b-d88f5459d638> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://edition.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/03/31/blanco.phoebe.bullying/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983556 | 1,302 | 1.890625 | 2 |
How to be Smart with Your Time : Expert Advice from the Star of "Dragons' Den" Paperback
Using our time more effectively is the single best way to seize an advantage and change our lives for good. Time - unlike money, opportunity or good looks - is the one resource that is allocated equally to all of us.
No matter what our financial or family situation, we each get 24 hours a day.
In the practical and straightforward style to which his DRAGONS' DEN contestants are accustomed, Duncan Bannatyne explains how we can make the most of our time to get the most from our lives, not just our working day.
What do you really want to do with your life? This book will help you identify the goals and aspirations that really matter to you so that you can make them happen.
It will give you the confidence to make your ambitions a reality, and teach you how to focus on the things that count.
In a series of short chapters, illustrated with examples from his extraordinary career in business, Duncan will show you how to make quicker, better decisions and how to make things happen - fast.
Duncan knows more than most about what can be achieved in a day, a year and a lifetime, and in this book he shares how you can achieve your ideal work/life balance
- Format: Paperback
- Pages: 224 pages
- Publisher: Orion Publishing Co
- Publication Date: 12/05/2011
- Category: Advice on careers & achieving success
- ISBN: 9781409121114 | <urn:uuid:7b56094c-262a-4378-a078-3465b6d7bd37> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.speedyhen.com/Product/Duncan-Bannatyne/How-to-be-Smart-with-Your-Time--Expert-Advice-from-the-Star-of-Dragons-Den/6002471 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280292.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00346-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.935039 | 318 | 1.515625 | 2 |
Modafinil: Super Brain Boost or Bust?
Modafinil is an agent that promotes wakefulness, also known as a eugeroic. It’s currently used for treating conditions such as shift work sleep disorder, narcolepsy and the excessive daytime sleepiness often seen in people with obstructive sleep apnea. However, modafinil does have a popular off-brand use, namely to enhance cognitive performance and help people stay awake and be more alert.
From students who need to cram at the last minute to adults burning the candle at both ends, modafinil has become the agent of choice when it comes to staying awake, alert and intensely focused. It's become incredibly popular on college campuses, particularly with students in difficult majors, and among professionals in high-stress jobs.
Modafinil: a quick overview
The exact way modafinil works on the brain is currently unknown. It does block a molecule known as the dopamine transporter, an action shared by other stimulants, but not to a degree that explains why it works so well to increase wakefulness and cognition in people.
Modafinil has been proven to help people be more alert and boost cognitive ability in studies, including one out of the Ohio State University’s Department of Neurology in 2000. 72 patients with different degrees of multiple sclerosis were given a placebo with no effect and two different doses of modafinil over the course of nine weeks. The people who received the lower and higher doses of modafinil reported feeling much less fatigued than those given the placebo, although there was not much difference in the results between the high and low dose groups.
Even more impressively, the United States Air Force approved the use of modafinil for pilots on specific missions that required long periods of wakefulness and a high level of alertness. It has replaced the previously used stimulant Dexedrine, an amphetamine which proved to be undesirable to use in the field.
What you’ll find modafinil in
Modafinil is currently available under several brand names, including Provigil, Alertec, Modalert, Modapro, Modafil, Modvigil and Modatec. Names vary by region and manufacturer. There’s also Armodafinil, sold under the brand name Nuvigil, which is a specifically designed derivative of modafinil that contains what is believed to be its wakefulness agent.
Remember, generic Modafinil doesn’t mean ineffective
Generic version of Modafinil is simply the product without the branding and ad campaigns that drive up their cost. Millions of dollars go into the promotion and marketing of a new drug, and that expense is passed onto the consumer in the form of higher product prices. There may be some differences in appearance, tablet doses and sizes, and the inactive ingredients, but the same active medication component that is in the brand name is still in the generic version. The active medication is what makes the drug effective, not sits packaging, TV commercials or its physical appearance.
With generic modafinil, you’ll still receive the same benefits as you would with a name brand medicine, just at a fraction of the price. Like the popular branded names, generic drug compositions also receive approval by the Food and Drug Administration. So, whether you’re cost-conscious, on a budget, or simply don’t see the need to pay more just to get the brand name, the safe generic alternatives should work for you.
Modafinil online price: just $0.99 cents a tablet
With generic and other modafinil alternatives such as Modalert, you can pay prices as low as $0.99 cents per 200 mg tablet. The brand name Provigil runs much higher, averaging $10 to $20 per 200 mg pill in the United States and Canada.
Both medications feature high quality, pure modafinil, known to make you more alert and give you sharper focus. But with generic alternatives like Modalert by Sun Pharma, you’ll be able to save money and enjoy the boost without the drain on your wallet.
The FDA-approved brain boost
Modafinil is FDA-approved for treatment of certain sleep disorders in adults over 18. For a medication to receive FDA-approval, it must undergo rigorous testing for safety and effectiveness, as briefly outlined below.
• An application to the FDA is made only after at least three and a half years of laboratory testing.
• If the FDA gives the okay, the drug enters three testing phases that are designed to examine safety and effectiveness.
• Phase one involves 20 to 80 healthy volunteers taking the drug for about one year to check safety and establish a profile.
• In Phase two, 100 to 300 patients who volunteer take the drug for two years to test its effectiveness.
• During Phase three, 1,000 to 3,000 patients in medical settings take the drug and are carefully monitored for one to four years.
The company that developed the medicine must submit another application to the FDA if it passes all three phases, and that process takes another two and a half years. If the FDA approves the application, the drug becomes available to doctors to prescribe. Many drugs submitted to the FDA never make it out of the three phases and onto the pharmacy shelves.
A medication that has FDA-approval has undergone at least six years of testing prior to being available for doctors to give to their patients. Unlike some herbal stimulants, which don’t have to get approval from the FDA to be sold on the shelves or online, FDA-approved medications like modafinil have been thoroughly tested for effectiveness and safety with some independent oversight.
Even after the drug is on the market, the makers are still required to tell the FDA about any new findings, including side effects, reactions, and interactions. When you’re taking a drug approved by the FDA, you have a better idea of its safety and effectiveness than you do of supplements that don’t go through such a rigorous process.
Sun Pharma’s high-quality modafinil
Sun Pharma is the maker of Modalert, a generic version of Cephalon’s Provigil. A very respected, multinational pharmaceutical company, Sun Pharma is based in India and has over $150 billion dollars in revenue. Around two-thirds of this income is from the United States, thanks to its effective and low-cost generic alternatives.
A 200 mg Modalert tablet contains 200 milligrams of high purity modafinil. A Provigil pill of the same strength costs 10 to 20 times as much as Modalert, making Modalert a quality alternative that is affordable.
For those new and old to Modafinil
Some modafinil users have moved to the newer Armodafinil, but Modalert still remains a favorite among even experienced users and a strong brand for new users to start out with. With its quality ingredients, proven track record of effectiveness and relatively low cost when compared to the brand names out on the market today, Modalert is leading the pack when it comes to generic modafinil alternatives.
Dosing guidelines and recommendations
Generally, a 100 mg dose in the morning is all people need to get through the entire day, although some users may find they need an additional 100 mg dose later, during tasks or activities that require extended focus and concentration. The Modalert 200 mg tablet comes with a break line so you can split the pill into two 100 mg tablets to meet your dosing needs. Doses of up to 400 mg per day have been given in clinical studies, but researchers found no additional benefit above the 200 mg dose in those study participants.
Try the 100 mg dose first and go from there. It’s easy to misjudge your needs, especially with a new medicine, so starting off slow is the recommended way to go. Taking more modafinil than you need may increase the risk of side effects and will result in a waste of tablets, costing you money in the long run.
Comparing Modalert and Modvigil, two modafinil generics
Modalert is a high-quality modafinil generic manufactured by Sun Pharma, while Modvigial is a generic manufactured by HAB Pharma. Both cost significantly less than the brand name Provigil, but beyond that, it’s actually a little hard to do a straight comparison between the two.
Essentially, while Modalert is more popular than Modvigial, it comes down to how your body actually responds to the medications. Overall, Sun Pharma's manufacturing techniques are more modern and refined than HAB Pharma’s, which results in fewer “bad” batches. A bad batch isn’t harmful to you, but the medication produced isn't as effective. Some users have reported a less intense experience with Modvigial than they had while taking Modalert, so the better of the two for you will depend on your personal preferences and your body’s responses to each one.
Modalert comes in flexible, thin blister-packs that are made of aluminum. The packaging makes it easy for you to carry the tablets around in your purse, bag or even your pockets without having to worry about damaging or wasting any of them. If you are snapping a 200 mg tablet in half, simply put the other half back into the empty blister-pack spot or in a small pill container.
Modvigial is available in compact plastic blister-packs that protect the tablets from harm during travel. The plastic containers holding each pill in the blister-pack strips can be separated, leaving with you with small pods that hold one pill each. If you’re splitting 200 mg Modvigial into two 100 mg segments, you can put the remaining 100 mg half into the empty pod until you need it.
Both Modalert and Modvigial’s 200 mg tablets have break lines in the middle, so you can easily snap a tablet in half to create two 100 mg doses. This gives you control over the dosing, so you can take the tablets on your preferred schedule without having to waste medication.
Generic modafinil side effects
As with any medication, modafinil has side effects ranging from mild to serious. Stop taking modafinil if the side effects are intense or interfering with your life. Common side effects include:
• Pain in the back
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Upset stomach
• Problems going to sleep or staying asleep.
Speak to your doctor if you experience the above side effects and they become bothersome or persistent.
More serious but rare modafinil side effects and reactions have included serious skin disorders. Stop using modafinil immediately and consult a doctor if you experience a fever, rash or other sign of a skin issue.
Don’t drink after taking modafinil, as this can make the dizziness worse. It’s not known if this medicine is passed in breast milk, so speak to your doctor before taking modafinil if you’re pregnant or nursing. If you have a history of certain heart conditions or heart value problems, such as left ventricular hypertrophy, it’s not recommended you take modafinil.
Some medicines interact with modafinil. Ketoconazole, for instance, can increase modafinil’s side effects. Other medicines, such as phenobarbital, aren’t as effective if taken with modafinil, and modafinil can increase the likelihood of side effects from certain medications. Check the drug literature and speak with your physician if you’re unsure about the interactions between your other medicines and modafinil before you start taking it.
Can I become dependent on modafinil?
There’s naturally concerns about dependence and the potential of withdrawal symptoms when it comes to modafinil, as these were seen with some cognitive improvement drugs of the past such as Adderall and Ritalin. These fears have become more prevalent topics in the media, as countless college students and high-stress professionals sing modafinil’s praises and draw more attention to the drug.
The good news is that the dependence fears appear to be entirely premature. Modafinil isn’t an amphetamine and does not spike dopamine or norepinephrine in an unnatural way like Ritalin does, so it doesn’t have the common hallmarks seen with drugs that foster dependency. It is worth noting that if you’ve had problems with substance abuse in the past, any drug can pose a potential risk to you, so you may want to look into natural solutions instead.
Users have not reported any physical dangers after they stopped taking modafinil. The chief complaint among users who were no longer taking modafinil is the disappointment and frustration of returning to their previous levels of cognitive function. This “slowed down” sensation appears to fade for most people within a few days.
Will modafinil make me a genius?
Unfortunately, a tablet that makes you an instant genius like you may have seen in the movies hasn’t been invented yet. Modafinil is known as “smart drug” or “cognitive enhancer,” the basic idea of which is used in the popular 2011 Bradley Cooper movie “Limitless,” but its effects are not nearly as dramatic in real life as you see in the film.
With modafinil, you may experience improved memory, a sharper focus, feel more alert, and even have an improved mood, as some studies have shown it boosts dopamine brain levels. Users have also reported feeling less stressed, enjoying a stronger sense of motivation and having more drive in their daily lives.
While modafinil is not the magic pill that is the centerpiece of “Limitless,” it offers life-changing benefits for many of its users. With the affordable generic alternatives, such as Modalert, available on the market today, modafinil is certainly more than worth a try.
Modafinil testimonials: what real users are saying
‘I was extremely skeptical with ordering Modafinil online from India. I gave it shot because it's just too expensive in the US, even with insurance package. I have taken Provigil before and can attest that Modalert by Sun Pharma is the real deal. Go for it! Amazing product, ultra-fast delivery service. I'm your customer for life. Thanks!’ | <urn:uuid:4ea2ae9a-16bb-4cd8-9d91-d1f525b723cc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://viabestbuy.com/buy/generic-modafinil-200-mg-x-100-tabs/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00063-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942975 | 3,036 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Mathematics Seminar - 16 November 2012
Lowell Thomas Room 006, 3:30 PM
Michael Fowler (Marist '09), Clarkson University
An Introduction to Biometrics
Biometrics is the field of study in which humans are identified by their characteristics or traits. With recent advances in information technology, biometric systems have become both more sophisticated and more affordable. These systems have since leapt off of movie screens and into the real world as voice, facial, and retina identification systems are now widely practical. In this talk I will discuss current use and recent developments in biometrics. Specifically, I will discuss how one extracts unique speaker features from a measured sound signal as well as pattern recognition and dimension reduction techniques that allow us to distinguish between speakers. | <urn:uuid:5efaf838-d228-431b-bbcc-c4d8fd4bfd58> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.marist.edu/compscimath/mathdept/seminar121116.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00308-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.944146 | 155 | 1.929688 | 2 |
During much of our history as a nation, many Americans wondered what their Catholic neighbors would do if someday they became the majority of the population. Would the teaching of their church require them to declare Catholicism the official religion of the country and to limit the religious freedom of all others? As far back as 1831, Alexis de Tocqueville noted how Catholicism flourished in the free soil of America, but he questioned how committed American Catholics really were to the principle of religious liberty. “I am not sure,” he wrote, “that they would not persecute if they found themselves the strongest.”
The question of Catholic commitment to religious liberty became an especially controversial issue a century later, when the Democrats nominated Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York for president of the United States. Smith was a remarkably tolerant man, without a bigoted bone in his body. Several of his closest advisors were Jewish, and Smith had no more ardent admirer than the young Robert Moses. But in the spring of 1927, when it became likely that Smith would be the Democratic candidate for president the following year, an article appeared in The Atlantic Monthly that threatened to stop Smith’s campaign in its tracks.
The article, “An Open Letter to the Honorable Alfred E. Smith,” questioned whether a conscientious Catholic could uphold his oath of office as president of the United States. The author of the article, Charles C. Marshall, was no redneck bigot. Marshall was a prominent Episcopal layman and a constitutional lawyer. He was well acquainted with Catholic teaching, especially with the encyclicals of the 19th-century popes condemning religious liberty and the separation of church and state. On the basis of these encyclicals, Marshall contended that it would be dangerous to have a Catholic in the White House, because he would have to follow the teaching of these encyclicals rather than the Constitution of the United States. When Marshall’s article was brought to Smith’s attention, he is alleged to have said: “What the hell is an encyclical?”
Al Smith knew instinctively that Marshall’s article was unfair, but he did not know how to answer it. He had very little formal education of any kind, and none whatsoever in theology. He therefore turned to one of his closest advisors, Judge Joseph M. Proskauer, and asked him to respond to Marshall’s article. “Well,” replied Proskauer, “that would make it perfect. A Protestant lawyer challenges a Catholic candidate on his religion, and the challenge is answered by a Jewish judge.” Proskauer convinced Smith that he would have to respond personally to Marshall’s allegations.
Both Smith and Proskauer agreed that they needed help to write an effective response to Marshall, so they turned to a New York diocesan priest, the Rev. Francis P. Duffy, then pastor of Holy Cross Church on West 42nd Street. Father Duffy was probably the best known priest in the United States at that time because of his service as a chaplain with the 69th New York Regiment during World War I, for which he had been decorated by both the American and French governments. Everybody knew about Duffy’s heroic war record, but few realized that he was also a scholar. Prior to World War I he had taught philosophy and theology at St. Joseph’s Seminary, Dunwoodie, for 14 years until he fell victim to the Modernist witch hunt and was eased out because of his liberal views.
Father Duffy was delighted to help Al Smith compose a response to Charles Marshall. It gave him an opportunity not only to respond to critics like Marshall, but also to contest the views of reactionary Catholic ideologues whose anachronistic opinions gave credibility to Marshall’s charges of Catholic intolerance. “I have held very ardent convictions on these matters since I was 19 years of age,” Duffy told a friend, “and it was a matter of keen joy to me to take advantage of Governor Smith’s prestige to win a victory over the opposing Catholic school of thought.”
Al Smith’s response to Charles Marshall appeared in the next issue of The Atlantic Monthly under the title “Catholic and Patriot: Governor Smith Replies.” The words were Smith’s, but the ideas were Duffy’s. To be on the safe side, Judge Proskauer first showed the text to Cardinal Patrick Hayes, who read it and pronounced it “good Catholicism and good Americanism.” Marshall had raised the issue of the teaching in papal encyclicals. Smith replied: “By what right do you ask me to assume responsibility for any statement that may be made in any encyclical letter?” With transparent sincerity, he added: “I and all my children went to a parochial school. I never heard of any such stuff being taught or of anybody who claimed that it was.”
Al Smith could hardly deny that union of church and state was the ideal that was enshrined in papal encyclicals. But Smith replied that this ideal applied only to purely Catholic states, and that such states no longer existed anywhere in the world. “I think that you have taken your thesis from [the] limbo of defunct controversies,” Smith told Marshall. Essentially Smith was telling Marshall that the teaching of 19th-century popes about the union of church and state was no longer official church teaching, because the church had quietly dropped it as no longer applicable in the modern world, least of all in the United States.
Virtually every newspaper in the country agreed that Smith’s article was a devastating rebuttal of Marshall and that Smith won the debate. One of Marshall’s friends even taunted him by telling him: “I am sure that you are destined to go down in history as the man who elected Al.” Another person wrote: “As one Episcopalian to another my suggestion would be to find your own solace in obscurity, and as rapidly as possible.” A Presbyterian minister asked in all seriousness: “Are you one of the Smith undercover men?” “Personally,” he added, “I don’t think it possible for you to rid yourself of the suspicion that the whole thing is a plant to aid Al Smith.”
Poor Charles Marshall. He was completely routed by the combination of Al Smith and Father Duffy. But Charles Marshall actually had a point, a very good point. He kept insisting that the statements of Smith and Duffy about religious freedom reflected their own personal opinions, not the official teaching of the Catholic Church. And Marshall was correct about that. Smith and Duffy asserted that the teachings of the 19th-century popes on religious liberty were no longer operative (as a 20th-century presidential press secretary might put it), but they could not cite a single authoritative church document to prove their assertion. There was no such document, as Charles Marshall was well aware.
“Governor Smith, even plus the Reverend Father Duffy, is not the church,” Marshall maintained. Marshall received support from an old friend, Dr. Joseph G. H. Barry, who commented that “Al’s statements would probably have led him to the stake in the Middle Ages, whereas in the twentieth century they will perhaps lead him to the presidency.” Unknown to Marshall, and perhaps to Smith and Duffy as well, Cardinal Hayes sent a copy of Smith’s article to Cardinal John Bonzano in Rome. Bonzano, the former apostolic delegate to United States, called the article a capolavoro, a masterpiece, and added, “It was judged such by everyone here who knows conditions in America.”
It is not likely that the private comment of one curial cardinal would have cut much ice with Charles Marshall. But Marshall left open one slim possibility, one farfetched option that the Catholic Church might employ to convince him and other skeptics that the church was now committed to supporting religious freedom. That option, which seemed infinitely remote in 1927, was for the pope to reconvene the Vatican Council of 1869-70, and for the council to declare solemnly its acceptance of religious liberty. Marshall really did not expect that to happen.
But that infinitely remote possibility came to pass, in a slightly altered form, in 1959, when Pope John XXIII announced his intention of summoning an ecumenical council. It was not to be a resumption of Vatican I, but a brand new council, to be known as the Second Vatican Council. Among the most important documents that this council was to issue was the “Declaration on Religious Liberty” (1965). How Al Smith and Father Duffy would have welcomed it! How they would have loved to be able to quote it in 1927. How surprised Charles Marshall would have been to see it.
For the first time in its long history, in the “Declaration on Religious Liberty” the Catholic Church stated unambiguously that “the human person has a right to religious freedom. This freedom means that all men are to be immune from coercion in such wise that in matters religious no one is to be forced to act in a manner contrary to his own beliefs.... The Council further declares that the right to religious freedom has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person as this dignity is known through the revealed Word of God and through reason itself. This right of the human person to religious freedom is to be recognized in the constitutional law whereby society is governed. Thus it is to become a civil right (No. 2).”
Never before had the highest authorities of the Catholic Church expressed such unqualified approval of the rights of conscience of every individual. Prior to Vatican II the official teaching of the church was that error should not be accorded the same rights as truth. The “Declaration on Religious Liberty” stated: “[T]he right to religious freedom has its foundation, not in the subjective disposition of the person, but in his very nature. In consequence, the right to this immunity continues to exist even in those who do not live up to their obligation of seeking the truth and adhering to it” (No. 2).
The council did not merely say that the state should not coerce people in religious matters. It also declared that “the right to religious freedom has its foundation in the very dignity of the human person” and that this right “continues to exist even in those who do not live up to their obligation of seeking the truth.” To paraphrase the council, error may not have rights, but people who are in error do have rights. Moreover, the council implied, if it did not explicitly state, that the Catholic Church should no longer try to use the power of the state to favor Catholicism to the disadvantage of other religious groups, a tactic that the Catholic Church had been employing since the days of Constantine.
Charles Marshall was long dead and forgotten by the time of Vatican II, but in the 1940’s and 1950’s he had a worthy successor in the person of Paul Blanshard, a lawyer and social activist who never missed an opportunity to cry alarm at the threat that Catholicism posed to American democracy. His best-known work, American Freedom and Catholic Power (1949), sold over a quarter-million copies. Unlike Marshall, who was a committed Christian, Blanshard was an atheist, something that his Protestant allies only discovered to their embarrassment toward the end of his life.
Although Blanshard wrote a book on Vatican II, he viewed the council with Voltairean disdain and minimized the impact of its pronouncements. After all, as he admitted years later in his autobiography, what he desired was not the renewal of Catholicism, but the extinction of Christianity, “the most spurious of all the great religions.” “The Declaration on Religious Liberty” was a hot potato for Blanshard to handle. He subjected the text to casuistic analysis, questioned the motives of the bishops who approved it, doubted its effectiveness in Catholic countries like Spain and Portugal and characterized it as “conditional, ambiguous, and inadequate.” Nevertheless, even Paul Blanshard had to concede, reluctantly and with ill grace, the revolutionary character of the declaration. “It will make the struggle for religious liberty throughout the world easier,” he admitted. “From now on every libertarian can cite an official Catholic pronouncement endorsing the principle of liberty.”
When challenged by reporters or fellow politicians, Al Smith was fond of replying, “Let’s look at the record.” To some extent, as Charles Marshall insisted, both Governor Smith and Father Duffy fudged the record of the Catholic Church on religious liberty in 1927. A kinder critic might say that they anticipated the record by almost 40 years. In any event, the “Declaration on Religious Liberty” provided the authoritative pronouncement for which Father Duffy was grappling when he declared, “We are Catholics and we are Americans, and to both loyalties we stick.” “The Declaration on Religious Liberty” eliminated a longstanding source of suspicion and friction from American political life, and for that happy development not only Catholic politicians, but all Americans can be grateful to the Second Vatican Council. | <urn:uuid:fe3d7591-c670-4e0e-bca4-98fa14b78007> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.americamagazine.org/issue/455/article/vatican-ii-and-american-politics | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280483.83/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00293-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.981421 | 2,762 | 2.671875 | 3 |
This podcast is designed to invite conversations around the Christian faith. Pastor Ellis rightly divides the word to reach and teach listeners how to theologically…
April 18, 2014
The Context of White Supremacy hosts the second study session on Ayi Kwei Armah’s historic novel Two Thousand Seasons (1973). This text is one of Gus’ top five books – it’s likely a favorite of Dr. Marimba Ani also. Last week installment detailed the importance of reciprocity and “The Way”. Armah emphasizes that black people have been brutalized and dominated by Whites because we have abandoned “The Way” and become zombie followers of a culture of death and terrorism. Our failure to remain diligent, suspicious of invading newcomers, allowed them to grow strong enough to overpower and enslave us. We’ll begin this week during chapter two’s uprising. Black females have lead the charge murdering their captures during a night of promiscuous debauchery. Armah details that even once the invaders have been vanquished, contaminated black minds nourish conditions for continued black enslavement.
INVEST in The COWS – http://tiny.cc/ledjb
[The C.O.W.S. archives: http://tiny.cc/76f6p] | <urn:uuid:17bfcb50-5c78-477e-954a-449e3205d1e6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.blacktalkradionetwork.com/2014/04/18/the-c-o-w-s-two-thousand-seasons-part-ii/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573118.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817213446-20220818003446-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.899389 | 285 | 1.984375 | 2 |
Todd S. Remaley earned the Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.) degree from the Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine on Sunday, June 3, 2012, at the Bayfront Convention Center in Erie, Pa.
LECOM held its 16th commencement ceremony. The college awarded professional degrees to 248 medical students, 139 pharmacy students, 20 Master of Science in Medical Education students, and three Master of Science in Biomedical Science students.
The new physicians will move into osteopathic internships through the American Osteopathic Association inter match program, or choose a medical specialty internship and residency program.
Osteopathic physicians take a "whole person" approach to health care. Instead of just treating individual symptoms, D.O.'s emphasize health education, proper nutrition, wellness, and injury and disease prevention.
Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine provide all of the benefits of modern medicine, including prescription drugs, surgery, and the use of technology to diagnose disease and evaluate injury. D.O.'s can also diagnose and treat patients by suing a hands-on method of therapy known as osteopathic manipulative medicine or O.M.M.
Todd S. Remaley was also awarded the LECOM Excellence in Emergency Medicine Award. This award is given to the member of the graduating class who has upheld the ideals of osteopathic profession and demonstrated clinical expertise in the field of emergency medicine. | <urn:uuid:348b6ffb-29fe-462d-8903-a92db494c752> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tnonline.com/print/2012/jun/20/remaley-earns-degree-lecom | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281353.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00065-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.937841 | 285 | 1.539063 | 2 |
Puzzle size and speed / mix
|Opened on:||Monday, March 9, 2015 - 02:07|
|Last modified:||Monday, March 16, 2015 - 14:46|
It is taking all night to run a program that might take an hour on ordinary puzzles for the symmetry puzzles like 1059 and apparently 1060 (I didn't even open that after looking at comments on vet chat). Most of us are down to a single client and still struggling. Even fast machine people are having problems.
We need to find a way that these puzzles are workable. Puzzlers can't even try alternatives due to work speed. I think it would benefit everyone to rethink if there might be a way to achieve science objectives and have a puzzle that more than 20 people can actually work.
In the meanwhile, can we mix in some smaller puzzles? that way those of us nurturing novices as well as those of use with smaller machines can still play. We would hate to lose the next great player due to frustration, and many of our vets want to work on puzzles but lack adequate capacity.
Watching new season of House of Cards.... | <urn:uuid:ef80978f-30bf-4156-b4ee-7353d4ded3cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fold.it/portal/node/2000477 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.959771 | 291 | 1.59375 | 2 |
Last week I traveled the short distance southeast to Pecos, New Mexico. Ruins of an old Pueblo Indian town are all that remain from a once thriving community. The Pecos were the most prosperous of the Northern (New Mexico) Pueblo people due to its town being a significant trading center. Indians from the southern plains and the southwestern region from here (Apache, Navajo, Utes, etc) traveled to Pecos to trade their goods. The community thrived to the extent their pueblos rose four and five stories high and held 600 rooms.
The Spanish arrived and built a mission church to convert the Indians and that is the largest remaining structure. Twenty kivas, underground working places accessed via ladder, were spread around the village. Some remain.
The location of the village was key to its success. The Pecos River (you might recall my mentioning it went dry last summer) is close by and the strategic location allowed the Pecos people to see advancing parties. Foreign tribes were forced to make camp in a large field just outside the village walls, the Indians never fully trusted one another. I had the site entirely to myself hiking the ruins which was very peaceful. That is until I came across a sign warning of rattlesnakes.
The Battle of Glorietta Pass during the Civil war took place just outside Pecos. Confederates attempted to invade Colorado for its gold then proceed on to California but were stopped here. | <urn:uuid:8bdac7aa-c1fd-4af2-b7b5-480b940b9403> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thepennsylvaniaprogressive.com/2012/11/pecos-national-historic-site/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285289.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00154-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.984215 | 301 | 2.734375 | 3 |
Newly appointed water resource minister Uma Bharti vowed that she will ensure river Ganga will be clean again soon.
Cleaning of the Ganges has been listed as one of the key priorities by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who won the Lok Sabha election from Varanasi - the spiritual capital of India.
In Hinduism, the Ganges is considered sacred, and is personified as a goddess - known as Ganga. Hindus believe that bathing in the river causes remission of sins, and facilitates Moksha (liberation from the cycle of life and death) and the river is hence worshipped across the country.
Pilgrims travel long distances to immerse the ashes of their kin in the waters of the Ganges, bringing their spirits closer to Moksha.
The Ganges is the largest river in India and holds an extraordinary religious importance for Hindus. Several places which are sacred to Hindus lie along the banks of the Ganges, including Gangotri, Haridwar, Allahabad and Varanasi.
But despite all this, the Ganges is considered the sixth most polluted river in the world.
"Efforts will be made to make it clean, as pious as it was in the past with the theme 'aviral Ganga, nirmal Ganga'," Bharti told reporters in Varanasi, after taking over as the Minister of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, reported Sahara Samay.
The minister revealed that the government will develop a policy initiative for the rejuvenation of Ganga, as well as the cleaning up of other important rivers in the country.
Bharti also assured that all rivers in the country will be cleaned under the same iniative. The initiative will work towards making rivers pollution free, and making drinking water available to everyone.
It should be also noted that new PM Modi created a special ministry for rejuvenating the holy river, to show how serious he is about the cleaning drive. The department of Ganga Rejuvenation will be part of the Water Resources and River Department. Bharti was appointed its head as she had been championing the Save Ganga campaign for past several years.
Cleaning the Ganges will be an important milestone for the country, especially since the river provides water to about 40 percent of the population in 11 states. It is estimated that about 500 million people in the country are dependent on the Ganges' water. | <urn:uuid:211b3d67-6f79-4184-ba56-6330bc0672cc> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.ibtimes.co.in/uma-bharti-wants-restore-gangas-piousness-601179 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721595.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00477-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968342 | 502 | 2.578125 | 3 |
Zen and the Art of SHAKESPEARE and BACON
To Thine Own Self Be True
Francis Bacon spent most of his life training himself to observe truth and to contemplate nature, the human mind and the Divinity that each of us is capable of experiencing. He writes accordingly throughout his philosophical writings and provides a key to it. He tells us how to recognize the limits of faulty observation with his description of what he calls The Four Idols. Essentially Bacon provides a guideline to why an advancement of learning is not possible unless we observe the cultural traditions and prejudices that we develop and inherit. The Four Idols are similiar to the Eastern concept of maya. It is as much a philosophical issue that surrounds each of us on a daily basis as it is a pragmatic challenge on how to employ methods to overcome the Four Idols and their impediments.
The works of Shakespeare and Bacon reveal a mind that touched the depths of human nature with the brilliance to articulate the ineffable. We are encouraged by the stories in Shakespeare to live in the moment, value self-inquiry, and see life directly as it is.. Easier said then done.
Poet R. H. Blyth once pointed out that the world's two greatest Zen poets are Shakespeare in the West and the Haiku poet Basho (1644-1694) in the East. In his book, Zen in Englih Literature and Oriental Classics, he wrote,"Good is good and bad is bad, but both are necesary--the acceptance of this is the secret of Zen, the secret of Shakespeare."
Listed below are some of the phrases that exist from both the Shakespeare Plays and Bacon's works which bring to light jeweled insights comparable to the profound teachings found in Zen. Following this are links to recommended essays.
If you have any suggestions for more Zen like phrases that are from the Plays or Bacon's work that you think belong here don't hesitate to share them and they will be added to this page. Thank you. ---Lawrence Gerald
Hamlet, Prince of Denmark
Act 2, Scene 2
HAMLET : Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing
either good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to
me it is a prison.
To Be Or Not To Be
it be now, 'tis not to come;
if it be not to come, it will be now;
if it be not now, yet it will come. The readiness is all.
ROMEO & JULIET : Act 2, Scene 2
'Tis but thy name that is my enemy;
Thou art thyself, though not a Montague.
What's Montague? it is nor hand, nor foot,
Nor arm, nor face, nor any other part
Belonging to a man. O, be some other name!
What's in a name? that which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet;
So Romeo would, were he not Romeo call'd,
Retain that dear perfection which he owes
Without that title. Romeo, doff thy name,
And for that name which is no part of thee
MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING
Beatrice :"Benedick: I do love nothing in the world so well as you. Is not that strange? Beatrice. As strange as the thing I know not. It were as possible for me to say I loved nothing so well as you. But believe me not; and yet I lie not. I confess nothing, nor I deny nothing."
Troilus and Cressida, 1 :2
That she belov'd knows nought that knows not this
Men prize the thing ungain'd more than it is.
The Winter's Tale, III,:2
What's gone and what's past help
Should be past grief.
Some craven scruple of thinking,too precisely on th' event.
Troilus and Cressida, III :3
The empty vessel makes the greatest sound.
Hamlet V. II.
There's a divinity that shapes our ends, Rough-hew them how we will.
Talkers are no good doers.
The entrance into the Kingdom of man, founded on the sciences, being not much other than the entrance into the Kingdom of Heaven, where into none may enter except as a little child.-Novum Organum
But such is the infelicity and unhappy disposition of the Human Mind in the course of invention that it first distrusts and then despises itself. First will not believe that any such thing can be found out; and when it is found out cannot understand how the world should have missed it for so long. - from Part II of Lord Bacon's Instauration Magma 1620
The contemplation of things as they are without error without or confusion without substitution or imposture is in itself a nobler thing than a whole harvest of inventions.
For myself, I found that I was fitted for nothing so well as for the study of truth; as having a Mind nimble and versatile enough to catch the Resemblances of Things (which is the chief point) and at the same time steady enough to fix and distinguish their Subtler Differences; as being gifted by Nature with Desire to seek, patience to Doubt, fondness to Meditate, slowness to assert, readiness to consider, carefulness to dispose and set in order; and as being a man that neither affects what is new nor admires what is old, and that hates every kind of Imposture. So I thought my Nature had a kind of familiarity and Relationship with Truth. On the Interpretation of Nature 1603-4
They are ill discoverers that think there is no land when they see nothing but sea.
In order for the light to shine so brightly, the darkness must be present.
God's first creature, which was light.
Death is a friend of ours and he that is not ready to entertain him is not at home.
Science is but an image of the truth.
Truth is a good dog; but always beware of barking
too close to the heels of an error, lest you get your brains kicked
What is truth? said jesting Pilate; and would not stay for an answer.
Truth can never be reached by just listening to the voice of an authority.
If a man shall begin in certainties, he shall end in doubts; but if he will be content to begin with doubts he shall end in certainties.
The understanding left to itself, in a sober, patient and serious mind (especially if unhindered by received doctrines) tries sometimes to follow the second way, the right one, but does not get far. For the intellect alone, unregulated and unaided, is unequal to the task and quite unfitted to overcome the obscurity of things. Aphorism 46
For all color is the broken image of light.
Tragedies and Comedies are made of one Alphabet.
The truth of being, and the truth of knowing are all one.
For by one who philosophizes according to the sense alone, the eternity of matter is asserted, the eternity of the world (such as we now see it) is denied; and this was the conclusion both of the primitive wisdom, and of him who comes nearest to it, Democritus. The same thing is testified by Sacred Write; the principal difference being, that the latter represents matter also as proceeding from God; the former, as self-existing. For there seems to be three things with regard to this subject which we know by faith. First, that matter was created from nothing. Secondly, that the development of a system was by the word of Omnipotence; and not that matter developed itself out of chaos into the present configuration. Thirdly, that this configuration (before the fall) was the best of which matter (as it had been created) was susceptible. These however were doctrines to which those philosophies could not rise. Creation out of nothing they cannot endure.
Shakespeare in Japan's Zen Philosophy:
The Play of Nothing At the Theatre of Nothing
by Yoshio Arai
Hamlet a Study in Satori by Ted Guhl
SirBacon.org - Sir Francis Bacon's New Advancement of Learning | <urn:uuid:2a979da8-3557-49ba-82e2-0b0e50555edd> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://sirbacon.org/zen.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572043.2/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814143522-20220814173522-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.95995 | 1,761 | 2.78125 | 3 |
Intel’s latest architecture of CPUs features small efficient and large performance cores. With every generation, these two Microarchitectures are expected to improve. 13th gen namely ‘Raptor Lake’ features no massive increment over ‘Alder Lake‘ architecturally, however, ‘Meteor Lake‘ has massive improvements as it uses a completely new architecture.
Rumours started spreading regarding this change in architecture back in 2020 by Moore’s Law Is Dead. With the help of Microsoft Perfmon logs, this rumour is finally getting its confirmation .
According to @InstLatX64 , Meteor Lake allegedly uses the Redwood cove architecture for its larger performance cores whereas the Crestmont architecture is used for the smaller more efficient cores. This new generation will be the first to use the Intel 4 process.
The Meteor Lake CPUs will also feature the new Xe-HPG graphics architecture with increased core counts having up to 192 Execution Units. This will enhance the performance offered by Intel’s iGPUs in an attempt to make them on-par with AMD’s G-series processors.
As expected, after every two generatiopns, Intel requires a new socket. The same pattern follows with the new Meteor lake as it will require you to purchase a new LGA 1851 socket compatible motherboard. As of now, neither has a release date been revealed and nor should you expect these CPUs anytime before 2023. | <urn:uuid:bf5cdfb9-bf05-4346-bab8-2b89eea26b79> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://appuals.com/intel-14th-cpus-to-have-new-architecture/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.91831 | 298 | 2.3125 | 2 |
A number of factors are important when the chemotherapy regimen that’s best for you right now is chosen. Among the variables taken into account are:
- Your age, menopausal status and general health: It’s important for your healthcare provider to know all of your health concerns, including chronic diseases such as heart disease or diabetes. Older women or those who have certain illnesses may not be able to tolerate certain chemo protocols. And some drug regimens may be more appropriate for younger women who may be pregnant or who want to have children.
- The type and stage of your breast cancer: They will consider whether your cancer has just been diagnosed or whether it has recurred (come back), how fast it is growing and how much it has spread. They will also consider the features of the cancer, such as the size of your tumor and whether the lymph nodes are involved. Does it have estrogen or progesterone receptors? Is it HER2 positive or negative? How aggressive is it? When planning your chemo regimen, your healthcare provider will choose drugs with the highest response rates (in other words, that have been shown to be effective at shrinking tumors in others) and longest known durations (that have remained effective).
- The goals of your treatment: Are they trying to cure your cancer? Control its growth? Simply ease your side effects? Together, you will decide on the goals that make sense for you and also take into account the risks and benefits of the drugs that can help you.
- Your treatment, and its results, to date: They will look at treatment you have already received as well as how your body responded to this treatment. Certain chemo drugs may be more suitable if cancer has recurred (come back) or if tumors have been found in other parts of your body. | <urn:uuid:1153d833-20ad-4a4b-b302-c5790022bc0a> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.healthmonitor.com/print/breast-cancer/treatment/written-article/how-we-decide-which-chemo-drugs-are-right-you | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720000.45/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00024-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.970122 | 367 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Jean Michel Basquiat is proof that you can make an impact in a short time. Instinctively, you know you can change the world in an instant. What can you learn from the ethics of his work?
Born in Brooklyn, Baskett produced more than 2,000 works of art and sketches over a period of 10 years. Imagine. 200 artworks per year. 16 artwork or sketches per month. He accumulated it all at the time of his death in 1988 when he was 27 years old. A great role model, creating Basquiat all the time.
Your takeaway, the lesson of basketball, is to be yourself, work, pursue your craft, and fly high.
He was fortunate to be raised by his artistic mother, although he suffered from a mental illness that increased his love for art. She exposed him to the breadth of image building and conferences, taking him to The Mate, the Brooklyn Museum, MOMA when he was young. He was familiar with various forms of art and curriculum in these early years. Her playground was the museum and her background was the city. You know, like many artists, he survived through thunder and lightning.
He jumped into the mural scene when it was the seed, forming a short-term collaboration with Al Diaz called SAMO (Same Old Shit). Then, despite local success, they differed in creative variations. Fortunately, they reconciled. In an indulgence interview, Diaz said Baskett gifted him a picture with the text “From Samo, from Samo”.
Basketball aimed to become an internationally recognized artist. That’s what he did. His brilliant study of depression is profound. To be very clear, he formed strong bonds and friendships. His relationship with Warhol was precious and true.
There is a lot online that you can find out about Basquiat. The more you learn about him. As much as you like him Her artwork is considered neo-expressionist and interacts with the visual language of art and murals and is associated with doodles, caricatures, and illustrations. The use of objects, texts and symbols easily expresses his creative approach. The crown was his signature statue. His work often traces its cultural identity and roots within the boundaries of the world, context, history, music, art and society. If you already know Baskett’s work, you may not yet know about the movie Downtown 81 that portrayed him primarily. It’s definitely a low budget but captures the playfulness and fearlessness of the 80s underground art and music scene. In a pseudo-documentary fairy tale written by Glenn O’Brien and directed by Edo Bertoglio, Basquette plays a poor young artist. Excluded from the records, Downtown 81 was only released in 2000. Baskett is followed by a camera as he wanders around downtown New York and tries to sell his art to pay his time rent. It presents Debra Harry as the modern fairy princess in the movie for about 100 minutes.
What’s great about Baskett’s technique is that he crosses words on canvas. Scratches parts. You will see what he was thinking. It is not wrong to change your mind, to think of another word or image. Doodles and sketches are important. Her artwork is amazingly free. However, you know that his artistry is strategic and deep. He said he deliberately applied the technique:
“I cut out the words so you can see them more. The fact that they are vague makes you want to read them.”
Sketch it, draft it, like Basquiat
Sometimes, you think it’s too late to project your dream. But it is never too late. You can do a lot in an hour. You can do a lot in a year. Basquiat painted on any surface, any wall, any object, any canvas. He showed his art in every moment. A sketch, a draft is part of your research.
Books on Jean-Michel Basket: | <urn:uuid:44097617-943c-457d-af5b-6f6a905beca5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://frontieredevie.org/text-by-artist-jean-michel-basket-grace-green/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572581.94/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816211628-20220817001628-00072.warc.gz | en | 0.977767 | 853 | 2.421875 | 2 |
Marketers face a twofold challenge in dealing with the issues discussed on this article, First, they must increase their level of knowledge of the nature of the issues, and second they must design organizational elements to respond to the constitution effectively.
Understanding the Issues
Many marketers are not aware of the issues and just how unfavourable situations are perceived to be by some consumers. Business people usually cite the possible defensive positions regarding consumer protection issues: (1) the number and seriousness of consumer problems suffered by the general population is not significant (2) only a small, vocal minority of consumers complain about the problems they experience with products and services are resolved to the satisfaction of the consumer.
Data from a nationwide study of households do not support these contentions, however. Instead, there appears to be a need for the private sector to upgrade its complaint handling capabilities. For example, among households which initiated complaint action about their more serious complaint problems, over 40 per cent obtained unsatisfactory results. Additional evidence indicates that consumers and business people are not on the same wave length with regards to their perception of consumer problems. A report comparing opinions of executives and consumers on various consumer issues revealed several studies which showed much consistency and indicated a large number of consumers disagree with executives about various issues. For example, there is disagreement over the adequacy of current levels of product quality and safety. Moreover consumers lack confidence in advertising and look to government intervention to improve it. In addition there are wide variation in executives and consumers views regarding the adequacy of the product information, corporations for consumers, and the need for additional government regulations. Only 5 per cent of consumers think that American business is listening to them and striving to do its best. Almost one third think companies and executives are too greedy.
This suggests that business must educate the public about the operation of the marketing system the benefits of free enterprise and the limitations of government intervention. Business people also need to assess and modify their policies and practices in order to improve products and services offered to consumers.
Businesses clearly have a responsibility to help protect the rights of consumers. Some organizations have produced a bill of rights for their customers as illustrated in Table below for a television cable company. More business people are tiling consumerism seriously and addressing the issues on a systematic and continuing basis. In the past however, such action was not the first thing to occur when businesses were threatened with government regulations.
One recent study surveyed various corporate responses to consumerism. Overall, the results reflected a poor response to consumer needs.
1) Few corporations had coordinated programs of response to consumerism.
2) Most industrial manufacturers believed consumerism did not influence.
3) Many firms claimed to have always been consumer oriented so consequently, consumerism did not affect them. This seems to imply an apathetic attitude towards the movement.
4) Many firms where highly defensive about consumerism and viewed it as a battle between the seller and the buyer
An example of a Customer Bill of Rights
Our commitment to customer service has never been stronger and we are willing to guarantee it. As a customer of Louisiana Cable vision, this is what you may expect from us:
1) Prompt and courteous service will be provided by helpful and informed customer service sales, installation construction and technical personnel.
2) A No Risk Money Guarantee — wherein of for any reason you the customer are not completely satisfied within the first 30 days of service just call us within those 30 days. We’ll disconnect your service and refund all of your money no questions.
3) You will receive a reliable and high quality television signal.
Source: Consumer Behavior | <urn:uuid:57987453-f335-4935-8643-b5481cc04781> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.citeman.com/13777-marketer-responses-to-consumer-issues.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00244-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.961617 | 732 | 2.546875 | 3 |
Dutch yearn for return of mythic ice skating race: Will 2013 be the year?
As winter deepens in the Netherlands, the Dutch keep watch on their thermometers, anxiously trying to will the temperature to drop low enough to freeze the many canals that crisscross the country.
Once that happens, they’ll rush outside to take part in the country’s favorite winter activity: ice skating.
But locals are particularly keen for the “Big Freeze” in the northern province of Friesland, where, when the conditions permit, an 11-city speed and leisure skating race, or Elfstedentocht, is held.
The 200-kilometer marathon along a network of canals passes through 11 Frisian cities and typically attracts upward of 16,000 skaters.
For the past 15 years, however, the Dutch have been disappointed. It’s simply not been cold enough for the race to be held.
For an Elfstedentocht to take place, Friesland’s canals needs to be frozen to a thickness of 15 centimeters, according Wiebe Weiling, chairman of the Koninklijke Vereniging De Friesche Elf Steden, the organization that organizes the event. This requires an extended run of consecutive freezing days and freezing nights.
Last year was a near miss, but close enough to get many Dutch excited enough to start sharpening their blades.
“Last year, even though we had a very short winter that lasted only 14 days, we could actually have had the Elfstedentocht if we’d just had two more days of freezing weather,” says Weiling. “In most of Friesland, the canals had the requisite 15 centimeters of ice.”
The most recent winner, a farmer named Henk Angenent, took 6 hours and 49 minutes to complete the course in 1997.
Will 2013 prove to be the year that brings a freeze deep enough to hold the Elfstedentocht for the first time since then?
Tough to tell, says Weiling, a first-rate skater who has participated in two Elfstedentochts.
For one thing, winters are getting milder everywhere in the world. While there were 15 Elfstedentochts held in the twentieth century, weather experts believe that this century will only see one race every 10 years.
In Stavoren, the oldest city in Friesland and one of the stops on the Elfstedentocht, the weather forecast for the last week of 2012 calls for rain and low temperatures between 3 and 9 C (37 to 48 F).
Maybe January will bring a change.
Other skating opportunities
With or without Elfstedentocht, the skating-obsessed Dutch are still eager for winter, says Annamarie Thomas, a Dutch Olympic speed skater and two-time world champion in short distances.
“Most people in Holland know how to skate, since we have so much natural ice around,” says Thomas, who started skating at the age of four and who as a child skated to school throughout the winter. Thomas’s father skated the Elfstedentocht twice.
Today, Thomas coaches speed skaters and continues to train. She says even without Elfstedentocht, there are plenty of opportunities for locals and visitors to take part in the country’s winter pastime.
When the canals freeze each winter, the skating crowds come out in force.
Novices who want to give canal skating a whirl will find the experience exhilarating, though caution is advised.
“If you’re new to Holland and have never skated on a canal before, make sure you see other people out there before you hop onto the ice,” Thomas says. “It’s also advisable to take a knife along and cut into the ice, particularly on canals where you don’t see anyone or there are very few people skating. If it’s hard to cut through the ice, then it should be safe to skate on.
“Remember that it’s never safe to skate under a bridge because the ice may not be frozen there.”
For those not ready to glide on a canal, there are plenty of indoor rinks across Holland. During the New Year period, most cities build ice rinks on their central squares that bring together seasonal charm with the pleasures of outdoor skating.
Click on the links below (in Dutch) for information on ice skating rinks in select Dutch cities.
Amsterdam: Winterplaza (until January 6, 2013):
Elst: Winter Festival (until January 6, 2013):
Tilburg (speed skating rink): Ireen Wust Isjbaan
Enschede (speed skating rink): Ysbaan Twente | <urn:uuid:f9b88f92-f354-409e-8a13-c094b8aad3a0> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://travel.cnn.com/dutch-yearn-return-mythic-ice-skating-event-will-2013-be-year-596801/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00304-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.939705 | 1,018 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Goldfish are able to swim because they have sleek, symmetrical bodies. A bloated fish may have trouble swimming, and may be suffering from illness or infection. Seek qualified advice if you are concerned about the health of your goldfish.
Constipation can cause a fish to appear visibly bloated. In particular, fancy types of goldfish commonly have problems with constipation, due to the unusual shapes of their bodies. A constipated goldfish will become bloated, be unable to defecate and may have problems swimming normally. If your fish is constipated, you can help by feeding cooked peas with the skin removed. Fish that are prone to constipation should be fed peas on a regular basis.
If the water temperature is correct for breeding, and male fish are present, female goldfish will lay eggs as part of the breeding process. Before laying eggs, a female goldfish may become bloated as her body fills with ova. If you want to control the spawning of your goldfish, keep male and female fish separately. Female goldfish can be artificially induced to release their eggs if spontaneous spawning is not going to be allowed in your aquarium or pond.
Like humans, goldfish can become obese if the number of calories they take in regularly exceeds the number of calories they burn through exercise and basic metabolic function. It is unusual for goldfish to significantly overeat, so you should avoid overfeeding your fish as a safeguard against obesity. Feed your fish little and often, and follow the directions on your goldfish food packaging regarding appropriate feed quantities per fish.
Illness and Infection
Sadly, a bloated goldfish may be suffering from a serious physical illness, infection or even a tumor. If the internal organs of a goldfish are infected or malfunctioning, this can lead to bloating. A condition known as dropsy causes goldfish to become bloated -- additionally their scales will become raised and their body coloration may lessen. Dropsy occurs as a result of malnutrition or infection -- commercial medications are available to treat dropsy. Additionally, you can improve the chances of survival for your goldfish by changing one quarter of the aquarium water every other day.
Jae Allen has been a writer since 1999, with articles published in "The Hub," "Innocent Words" and "Rhythm." She has worked as a medical writer, paralegal, veterinary assistant, stage manager, session musician, ghostwriter and university professor. Allen specializes in travel, health/fitness, animals and other topics. | <urn:uuid:78f7b4e1-1177-46e1-a152-4b5840566af1> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pets.thenest.com/would-goldfish-bloated-4327.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571472.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811133823-20220811163823-00671.warc.gz | en | 0.960119 | 523 | 2.875 | 3 |
using scholarly formal your document write a five page composition using apa format and citations that the following questions.
what is your dm/dcs concentration and why choose it ?
considering your program and your interests what are some ideas you have about possible research topic?
if your topic of interest were addressed through your research how would it inform enhance or otherwise improve your field?
now that you’ve answered these question write a brief introduction that tell the reader what the composition is about and how it is organized . insert the introduction at the beginning.
now that you’ve written write a conclusion for your composition restarting the major points. your composition should now have this format 1 intro 2 body 3 conclusion and 4 reference page | <urn:uuid:7362fa1e-6bb6-449d-a4f8-6e9da5433c60> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://college-experts.com/2022/05/19/research-process/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.937983 | 150 | 2.171875 | 2 |
Sulfinpyrazone (By mouth)
Treats gouty arthritis.
Brand Name(s):There may be other brand names for this medicine.
When This Medicine Should Not Be Used:You should not use this medicine if you have had an allergic reaction to sulfinpyrazone or phenylbutazone. You should not use this medicine if you have an active stomach ulcer or any kind of bleeding disorder such as anemia or thrombocytopenia.
How to Use This Medicine:
- Take your medicine as directed. Your dose may need to be changed several times to find what works best for you.
- It is best to take this medicine with food or milk.
- Swallow the tablet or capsule whole. Do not crush, chew, or break it.
If a dose is missed:
- You must use this medicine on a fixed schedule. Call your doctor or pharmacist if you miss a dose.
How to Store and Dispose of This Medicine:
- Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light.
- Ask your pharmacist, doctor, or health caregiver about the best way to dispose of any outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.
- Keep all medicine out of the reach of children. Never share your medicine with anyone.
Drugs and Foods to Avoid:
Ask your doctor or pharmacist before using any other medicine, including over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products.
- Make sure your doctor knows if you are using sulfa drugs such as sulfadiazine or sulfisoxazole.
- Make sure your doctor knows if you are using insulin or diabetes medicine that you take by mouth such as glyburide, metformin, Actos®, Glucotrol®, or Glycophage®.
- Make sure your doctor knows if you are also using a blood thinner such as warfarin (Coumadin®), or salicylates such as aspirin.
Warnings While Using This Medicine:
- Make sure your doctor knows if you are pregnant or breast feeding.
- Make sure your doctor knows if have a history of stomach ulcer or kidney disease.
- Drink extra fluids so you will urinate more often and help prevent kidney problems.
- Your doctor will do lab tests at regular visits to check on the effects of this medicine. Keep all appointments.
Possible Side Effects While Using This Medicine:
Call your doctor right away if you notice any of these side effects:
- Allergic reaction: Itching or hives, swelling in your face or hands, swelling or tingling in your mouth or throat, chest tightness, trouble breathing
- Black, tarry, or bloody stools.
- Bloody vomit or vomit that looks like coffee ground.
- Fever, chills, cough, sore throat, and body aches.
- Pale skin or pale lip color.
- Severe stomach pain.
- Unusual bleeding, bruising, or weakness.
If you notice these less serious side effects, talk with your doctor:
- Mild skin rash.
- Upset stomach, nausea, vomiting.
If you notice other side effects that you think are caused by this medicine, tell your doctor
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088
Last Updated: 1/27/2017 | <urn:uuid:ebdceebf-7939-48db-a1b9-56d02b4e13f2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/drug-notes/45/5243.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00275.warc.gz | en | 0.862319 | 757 | 1.960938 | 2 |
Title: Blue Days
Source: Stock Photo Challenge
Word count: 100 words
Hesiod played melancholy songs.
The crowd favorite featured a young musician in love. Professing his love, he swore he would do anything to please her. He begged for her hand, and she agreed. Children soon completed their life.
The wife worried. A performer couldn’t support a growing family. Honoring his vows he took a job suitable for a responsible father. The work broke his spirit and left a pale imitation of the man he once was.
Years passed, and she didn’t recognize him. He was no longer the carefree soul she married.
Separated, lost, the old musician played melancholy songs.
Keep on writing.
Jo Hawk The Writer | <urn:uuid:2a89d610-1bf3-4979-ab34-0e58393f9e76> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://johawkthewriter.com/2019/04/05/blue-days-stock-photo-challenge/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00271.warc.gz | en | 0.982893 | 165 | 1.929688 | 2 |
• The effect of trauma serum on Superoxide production by normal neutrophils was studied in 47 serum samples from 18 patients with multiple trauma. Ten patients became septic and eight patients remained nonseptic. Incubation in trauma serum significantly suppressed Superoxide production by normal neutrophils compared with incubation in normal serum: 3.6±1.44 vs 4.04±1.64 nmole of Superoxide produced by 106 neutrophils (mean±SD). There was no difference in the suppressive effect between septic and nonseptic trauma serum samples. The chemlluminescence response of normal neutrophils was likewise suppressed following incubation in trauma serum compared with incubation in normal serum. The chemiluminescence response correlated with Superoxide reduction of cytochrome C. In addition, the chemiluminescence response was significantly less in septic-trauma serum than in nonseptic-trauma serum. Suppressive serum was found to inhibit the neutrophil-membrane depolarization response to latex particles, as measured by flow cytometry. We conclude that trauma serum suppresses Superoxide production by normal neutrophils, and that such suppression can be detected reliably using the clinically applicable technique of chemiluminescence. A normal chemiluminescence response excludes serum-mediated suppression of neutrophil Superoxide production. In addition, chemiluminescence may be of value in detecting altered resistance to sepsis following injury, while Superoxide determinations do not seem to be helpful in this regard. The mechanism of action of the suppressor may involve reversible inhibition of membrane depolarization necessary for the production of bactericidal oxygen species.
(Arch Surg 1986;121:157-162)
Lanser ME, Brown GE, Mora R, Coleman W, Siegel JH. Trauma Serum Suppresses Superoxide Production by Normal Neutrophils. Arch Surg. 1986;121(2):157-162. doi:10.1001/archsurg.1986.01400020043004 | <urn:uuid:f8e44af6-5ccc-48d5-98f2-66187dc735c5> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamasurgery/article-abstract/591533 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280504.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00142-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.899717 | 425 | 1.671875 | 2 |
Most economic speculators who utilize binary options have adopted so identified as trend trading procedures with binary alternatives as techniques for optimizing their returns. Pattern trading binary alternatives make reference to viewing the gains and losses in the decided on industry, and determining the probabilities for the momentum to carry on or reverse. It continue to depends on the initial binary structure, but adds the wisdom of industry flow principles from watchful checking and making use of basic rules.
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Approaches such as the 5 minute binary options strategy double-trade are most effective used by traders who will be inside the black, and perfectly on the path to developing revenue. This solution money a pair or even more trades concurrently. The result is protection from a complete lose by likely bringing in returns from your supplementary fund.
Yet another buying and selling system used for digital choices could be the reversal trade. Ahead of the clock operates out, if a quick plummet or climb in the cost of The actual product gets to be recognizable, the person could switch the choice to counter a exact earnings assortment. | <urn:uuid:30d8a8e2-a900-44bc-bfc8-b3d3d43c5fef> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://elliotluybd.blogs-service.com/42969762/a-successful-binary-alternatives-method | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.94321 | 613 | 1.867188 | 2 |
Renewable Energy Generation
With an average of 227 annual days with sun, Brownsville, TX is an optimal location for solar sourced energy. A recent innovation has been made allowing for installation of tank top solar panels on bulk-liquids storage tanks.
Wind turbine vendors are offering an array of wind turbine sizes and generation capacities. Bluewing's positions along the Gulf Coast in South Texas offer year-round supply of high-velocity winds, with windiest months averaging over 11 miles per hour.
UPCYCLING & EMISSION REDUCTION
Technology advancements are allowing for companies to reduce emissions and reuse energy from heat waste. Vapor recovery solutions are emerging that allow for the reliquification of vapors, recycling the vapor back into the product it derived from. | <urn:uuid:09e310f5-6d5d-4463-8f51-0ed6f8be8798> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bluewingmidstream.com/energy-generation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573623.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819035957-20220819065957-00669.warc.gz | en | 0.901107 | 165 | 1.898438 | 2 |
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The truth about "stupider"
I'll be seeing you
. Goodbye, as in
I have to go now; I'll be seeing you
All right, see you
. These colloquial formulas do not necessarily imply a future meeting.
The American Heritage® Idioms Dictionary
Copyright © 2002, 2001, 1995 by Houghton Mifflin Company. Published by Houghton Mifflin Company.
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Nearby words for i'll be seeing you
i told you so
i wandered lonely as a cloud
i'll be damned
i'll be hanged
i'll be seeing you
i'll drink to that
i'll eat my hat
i'll tell the world
i'm from missouri | <urn:uuid:c717dfc8-569f-4687-8dc6-9355ab726f5a> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dictionary.com/browse/i-ll-be-seeing-you | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279410.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00163-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.792944 | 306 | 1.773438 | 2 |
Melting Ice Cap Draws China, Japan to Seek Arctic Riches
Japan, China and South Korea are seeking to expand their influence in the Arctic as melting ice caused by global warming offers potentially lucrative access to resources and shipping shortcuts in the region.
Asia’s biggest economies are among 14 applicants seeking observer status on the eight-nation Arctic Council, which holds its biennial ministerial meeting in Sweden on May 15. Member countries include the U.S., Russia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Norway.
Winning approval would mean greater sway in international discussions over a region estimated to contain 90 billion barrels of oil, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. With climate change resulting in an Arctic that will be almost ice-free in the summer by 2050, according to a U.S. government study, the organization is facing an increase in maritime traffic and environmental disruption.
“China, Japan and South Korea say the Arctic will be important, and now is the time to set the table to allow them to do things there later on,” said James Manicom, a research fellow at the Centre for International Governance Innovation in Toronto. “That starts with the Arctic Council.”
The council incorporates six nonvoting international organizations representing indigenous peoples, with 26 countries and groups already recognized as observers. While its agenda has focused largely on the environment since its formation in 1998, industrial activity in the region is rising, spurring a debate over the balance between exploration and protection.
This year’s candidates also include India, Italy, Singapore and the European Union. It remains unclear whether Russia, Canada and the U.S. will back them, said Linda Jakobson, director of the East Asia Program at the Lowy Institute for International Policy in Sydney.
The melting of the ice cap is “going to dramatically change shipping and global commerce,” Jakobson said.
China is interested in importing energy resources from the Arctic for diversification, according to an article published in February by Tang Guoqiang, head of the China National Committee for Pacific Economic Cooperation, which is overseen by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
“China has the right to engage in Arctic scientific research and navigation and has the willingness and capability to contribute to the work of the Arctic Council,” wrote Tang, a former ambassador to Norway.
Having cultivated ties with Nordic nations and exploration deals with Russia, China has sparked concern partly because of its “perceived belligerence” in maritime territorial claims, Manicom said in a report published last month.
China is embroiled in disputes with Japan in the East China Sea and with the Philippines and Vietnam in the South China Sea. Japan said a Chinese ship targeted one of its naval vessels with a weapons-firing radar system in January, while last year Chinese and Philippine vessels became locked in a standoff over fishing rights.
Japan in March appointed Masuo Nishibayashi as its first ambassador to the Arctic, saying it is necessary to be “appropriately involved” in regional discussions.
“We believe we fulfill the conditions and we will be taking every opportunity to press our case,” Nishibayashi said in an interview. “The ice is melting and this means ships will be able to pass through. We have to see if this is commercially viable.”
The Arctic has lost thick sea ice in the past 12 years. Last September, the amount was less than half the average in 1979-2000, according to a study by researchers from the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
According to the 2008 USGS survey, energy reserves north of the Arctic Circle “account for about 22 percent of the undiscovered, technically recoverable resources in the world,” including 1,670 trillion cubic feet of natural gas.
In December, Russia’s OAO Gazprom (GAZP) completed the first ever shipment of LNG via the northern route, taking the fuel from Hammerfest, Norway, to Tobata, Japan.
Almost all of the Arctic sea has been claimed as territorial waters or exclusive economic zones of the Arctic coastal nations, according to an April 1 study by the International Boundaries Research Unit at Durham University in England. While those countries are vying for rights over areas outside the 200 nautical mile (370 kilometer) EEZs, most future resource development and shipping is expected to take place within them, Manicom said.
Arctic nations would benefit by admitting East Asian countries as observers, who don’t have voting rights, Jakobson and Manicom said.
“It’s much better to engage with them and know what they’re doing in the Arctic than keep them out,” Jakobson said. “No one’s giving up any power by letting them in.”
To contact the reporter on this story: Isabel Reynolds in Tokyo at [email protected]
To contact the editor responsible for this story: Peter Hirschberg at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:f660ead5-03cf-45ba-a25f-95806576eeac> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/print/2013-05-13/melting-ice-cap-draws-china-japan-to-seek-arctic-riches.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00042-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.94552 | 1,052 | 2.40625 | 2 |
Before moving on food intolerances and its affect on children you should know what are food intolerances? Food intolerances are often confused with food allergies and many people mistakenly think that they are the same thing, but there are some key differences between them. Food intolerances do not involve the immune system, so it’s possible to have an intolerance to something you’ve eaten plenty of times before without ever having noticed any issues. Unlike food allergies, which tend to be immediate reactions and can even lead to anaphylaxis, food intolerances cause delayed reactions that occur several hours after eating or drinking something and can last anywhere from 24 hours to weeks after the triggering substance has been consumed.
What Are Food Intolerances?
A food intolerance is when a person has difficulty digesting a certain food. This can lead to uncomfortable symptoms like bloating, gas, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Children can develop food intolerances at any age, but they’re more common in infants and toddlers.
Some of the most common foods that cause intolerances are cow’s milk, soy, wheat, eggs, peanuts, and shellfish. These are all very common in kids’ diets because they’re used as ingredients in many processed foods. Food allergies and food sensitivities can be mistaken for each other, but there are some telltale signs that an intolerance is present:
A) If you notice your child developing a new allergy or reaction to a particular food after eating it for some time
B) If your child has been diagnosed with celiac disease or another gluten-related disorder
C) If your child does not have anaphylaxis (i.e., their throat doesn’t swell up).
Common Symptoms of Food Intolerances
Most people with food intolerances experience digestive problems, such as gas, bloating, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Other common symptoms include headaches, fatigue, skin rashes, hives, and congestion. Some people also experience anxiety, depression, or mood swings. In severe cases, food intolerances can lead to anaphylaxis, a potentially life-threatening condition. Food intolerance is not the same thing as having allergies.
If you have allergies, your immune system responds by creating antibodies that cause inflammatory responses when certain allergens enter your body. Food intolerance on the other hand is a reaction to specific foods that is not caused by an allergic response in the immune system but rather it may be caused by different kinds of digestive enzymes that break down certain foods into toxic compounds. For example, lactose intolerance is often due to lack of the enzyme lactase which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine so it can be absorbed into the bloodstream.
Diagnosing Food Intolerances in Children
Food intolerances are a reaction to a food eaten in children. They can cause a range of symptoms, from stomach pain to skin rashes. In some cases, food intolerances can be life-threatening. Diagnosing food intolerances can be difficult, as there is no one test that can diagnose all types of intolerance.
A combination of medical history, physical examination, and allergy testing may be needed to make a diagnosis. Treatment for food intolerance is typically avoidance of the offending food. For example, if your child has an egg intolerance, he or she should avoid eggs.
If your child has a dairy intolerance, he or she should avoid dairy products such as milk and cheese. Some children may need lifelong treatment while others might only need treatment until their bodies have time to heal after eating the wrong foods. It’s important for parents to know what their child’s diet should look like so that they can provide appropriate care at home.
How to Choose the Right Diet for Your Child
If your child has been diagnosed with a food intolerance, it’s important to work with a dietitian to create a plan that meets your child’s needs. Here are some things to keep in mind when choosing the right diet for your child:
1. Avoid trigger foods. The first step is to identify and avoid the foods that trigger your child’s symptoms.
2. Focus on nutrient-rich foods. Make sure your child is getting enough nutrients by including plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains in their diet.
3. Consider supplements. If your child is not getting enough nutrients from their diet, talk to their doctor about supplements.
4. Be prepared for social situations.
How To Manage FODMAP Restrictions
If your child has been diagnosed with a food intolerance, it’s important to work with a registered dietitian to create a nutrition plan that meets their needs. Here are some tips for managing FODMAP restrictions – Work with a registered dietitian
– Monitor your child’s weight, growth pattern, and nutrient intake
– Choose foods high in fibre, protein and healthy fats like meat, fish and eggs
– Avoid processed carbohydrates like pastries or white breads
Meal Planning Tips For Kids And Families With FODMAP Restrictions
If you have a child with food intolerances, meal planning can be a challenge. Here are some tips to make it easier.
1. Talk to your child’s doctor or a registered dietitian to get started. They can help you figure out which foods to avoid and give you resources for finding recipes and safe foods.
2. Look for recipes that are already FODMAP-friendly or can be easily modified. For example, many Asian dishes can be made without dairy or gluten.
3. Get the whole family involved in meal planning and cooking. This way, everyone will know what’s safe for your child to eat and everyone can enjoy the same meals together.
4. Plan ahead by batch cooking or prepping ingredients ahead of time.
Conclusion & Resources
Food intolerances are a reaction to a food eaten in children. They can cause a variety of symptoms, including gastrointestinal distress, skin rashes, and headaches. In some cases, food intolerances can lead to serious health problems. If you think your child may have a food intolerance, talk to your pediatrician. There are many resources available to help you identify and avoid foods that trigger reactions.
It is also important to note that not all food allergies will result in anaphylaxis (severe allergic reaction). The most common signs of a milder allergic reaction include hives, swelling, or breathing difficulties. These less severe reactions are referred to as anaphylactic reactions and will typically resolve with treatment or management within hours. | <urn:uuid:1529a47d-2de5-41ac-80c6-5f65aa1a98a8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://healthinsurancetips.co/what-are-food-intolerances/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00668.warc.gz | en | 0.948047 | 1,355 | 3.453125 | 3 |
Doomsday Book is the first novel in a series set by Connie in the same world of time travel which I have discussed in my previous posts on the other novels, To Say Nothing of the Dog and Blackout/All Clear. Historians in the C21st travel back in time from the unit at the University of Oxford to research the past hand-on. In this case Kivrin Engle is a student historian, keen to see the Middle Ages for herself, in the face of misgivings from her boss Mr Dunworthy,
“Life expectancy in 1300 was thirty-eight years,” he had told her when she first said she wanted to go to the Middle Ages, “and you only lived that long if you survived cholera and smallpox and blood poisoning, and if you didn’t eat rotten meat or drink polluted water or get trampled by a horse. Or get burned at the stake for witchcraft…
“An unaccompanied women was unheard of in the fourteenth century. Only women of the lowest class went about alone, and they were fair game for any men or beast who happened along. Women of the nobility and even the emerging middle class were constantly attended by their fathers or their husbands or servants, usually all three., and even of you wren’t a woman, you’re a student. The fourtheen century is far too dangerous for Medieval to consider sending a student.”
In the end Kivrin is sent back by the Medievalists to Oxfordshire in 1320, equipped with a cover story of being a Lady who has been robbed and left on the road, abandoned by her servants. No sooner has she departed than Oxford is beset by a viral outbreak whose origins are unknown. Worse, the time travel operator Badri becomes very ill and it appears that Kivrin may be lost in time as something unexpected happened when she went through.
Back in the Middle Ages Kivrin becomes very ill on arrival but is taken in and nursed by a priest and local gentry family:
I’m ill, Kivrin thought, and knew that the warm liquid had been a medicinal potion of some kind , and that it had brought her fever down a little. She was not lying on the ground after all, but in a bed in a room, and the woman who had hushed her and given her the liquid was there beside her. She could hear her breathing. …I must be in the village she thought. The redheaded man must have brought me here.
After her recovery she stays on with the family, despite the suspicions of the family matriarch, Imeyne. She adopts the name Katherine and makes friends with the village priest, Father Roche, who comes to believe that she is a saint, sent from heaven to earth to help in a time of trial.
Back in Oxford Dunworthy is almost totally preoccupied with the deadly illness sweeping through the town which is now quarantined from the outside world. Slowly he begins to make sense of the illness and its link with the past, and of Kivrin’s plight and the danger that threatens her. The question is : is it too late to track her down and rescue her?
In this novel Connie paints a vivid picture through Kivrin’s eyes of the Middle Ages, a world utterly unlike ours in beliefs and mores and yet at the same time a place where there is poverty, wealth, greed, jealousy, pride, snobbishness, friendship, love and compassion, a world therefore very much like our own. Highly recommended. | <urn:uuid:5cc9e341-d653-40c7-9e87-a5f3920d81ba> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://fantasiesofpossibility.wordpress.com/2018/04/01/a-fair-field-full-of-folk-doomsday-book-by-connie-willis-1992/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.979184 | 742 | 1.578125 | 2 |
DPK TA Capacity Building
What is DPK TA Capacity Building?
Since Durham PreK will set high quality standards, Durham County's Local Government wants to support community based early education programs in their work towards meeting these standards through a Technical Assistance (TA) Capacity Building.
. Programs with TA Capacity Building will receive:
- bi-weekly on-site coaching/TA
- support around professional development and education planning
- TA related to the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS™) domains and dimensions
- leadership development for early education program directors
- other supports toward goals identified by individual classroom quality improvement plans
Join TA Capacity Building
Since 2018, we have been working with local child care centers to support them in working toward Durham PreK standards.
Are you interested in receiving this service to enhance quality early childhood education and access professional development assistance?
Read more below to see which options are available to you.
What does it cost to receive TA?
Programs with TA Capacity Building will not incur any monetary costs, but programs will need to commit to making quality improvement a priority.
This requires investing time and actively engaging in the professional development process. Durham PreK TA services are funded through Durham County Government.
Is my center eligible for Durham PreK TA Capacity Building?
Yes, if you:
- Are located in Durham County
- Have capacity to serve four-year-olds
- Are currently a 3-5 star licensed center
What if my center doesn’t meet these requirements?
Programs that are legally operating unlicensed, GS110, or currently below 3 Stars can contact CCSA regarding additional TA services offered.
Does participation in TA Capacity Building guarantee a future Durham PreK placement?
No. Although participation in Durham PreK Capacity Building is favorable, it is not a guarantee that your site will automatically become a Durham PreK site. A separate application and selection process will be developed for selection as a Durham PreK site.
When can I apply?
We are no longer taking applications for the 2020-2021 school year. If you would like to be notified of future RFAs, you can subscribe to the Durham PreK Teacher Talk Newsletter. We also notify all licensed centers in Durham County via email when an RFA is released.
Durham PreK TA Capacity Building Application Documents and Rubrics: | <urn:uuid:a4fe8eeb-4b78-4248-ad19-96ecb528a85d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://durhamprek.org/capacity-building/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572127.33/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815024523-20220815054523-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.943321 | 481 | 1.570313 | 2 |
Coupled Hydrochemical Modeling for the Optimal Design of an In-situ Redox ExperimentP. Trinchero, J. Molinero, G. Román-Ross, A. Nardi, L.M. De Vries, T. Karvonen, P. Pitkänen
Amphos 21, Barcelona, Spain
WaterHope, Helsinki, Finland
Posiva, Eurajoki, Finland
In this work, we present a number of scoping calculations that have been carried out to design an in-situ redox experiment (Figure 1) focused on assessing potential changes in the pH and redox conditions and in the buffering capacity of the Olkiluoto bedrock (i.e. the site for the Finnish spent fuel repository). A characteristic of these models lies in the need to integrate prior information, computed by a complex surface-subsurface 3D model (i.e. flow velocity field computed over the transmissive zone HZInf7 - see Figure 2), with a number of nonlinear reactions. This coupling has been achieved by using a Java interface (Nardi et al., 2012) that links COMSOL Multiphysics with the geochemical simulator PHREEQC (Parkhurst and Appelo, 1999).
- trinchero_abstract.pdf - 0.32MB | <urn:uuid:b260f693-7e7b-4749-aa05-46f7b8df4f3d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.comsol.fi/paper/coupled-hydrochemical-modeling-for-the-optimal-design-of-an-in-situ-redox-experi-13227 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718278.43/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00239-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.783958 | 276 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Keys "s"=save "l"=load "b"=back once
Francois Tremblay's variant, in which he makes fun of international interventionism. The peacekeepers win only by capturing both kings. If the peacekeeper captures one foreign king, and the other foreign power captures the peacekeeper king, it's a draw. The peacekeeper pawns cannot doublemove or promote to queens.
Foreign Policy Chess
These are simple illustrations rather than strong opponents.
Bug reports? -- Thank you! Keep them coming! | <urn:uuid:f1346cd0-ed4d-43f3-bb1b-6540bf78aa5b> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.pathguy.com/chess/ForeignP.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719566.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00262-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.880706 | 111 | 1.546875 | 2 |
This page is intended to answer some of the often-asked questions regarding Brit Milah.
For further information, you may contact Rabbi Shulman directly.
A brit performed according to Jewish tradition links the child to his Jewish brothers throughout the world; properly planned, it will forever be a source of happy memories for you and your whole family. May the Almighty grant you much nachat from this child, and all future children! Mazal Tov!
"And G-d spoke to Abraham saying: ...This is my covenant which you shall keep between Me and you and thy seed after you -every male child among you shall be circumcised." (Gen. 17:12) For 3500 years, since the time of our forefather Abraham, the Jewish people have observed the ritual of circumcision as the fundamental sign of the covenant between G-d and Israel. Known in Hebrew as Brit Milah, "the Covenant of Circumcision", it is considered much more than a simple medical procedure. Brit Milah is considered the sign of a new-born child's entry into the Jewish tradition. For millennia, in every country where Jews have lived, they have always practiced this ritual, sometimes at great personal sacrifice. Perhaps more than any other ritual, Brit Milah is the ultimate affirmation of Jewish identity.
The procedure involved in Brit Milah differs from medical circumcision in that heavy clamping or other interventional instruments are forbidden. The Mohel (Ritual Circumciser) uses a protective shield to ensure the utmost safety for the child, and then cleanses the incision through a uniquely Jewish practice called m'tzitzah.
The procedure is extremely quick, and relatively painless. According to most Rabbinic authorities, Jewish law does allow the use of a topical anaesthetic cream (EMLA�, or MAXELINE�). Some Mohalim (ritual circumcisers), including myself, use this anaesthetic cream routinely, with the approval of the family's personal physician or paediatrician.
Every Brit Milah must be performed by a properly trained and certified Mohel (Ritual Circumciser). A Mohel is formally trained both in circumcision techniques as well as in Jewish law and tradition. While he certainly must be expert in the latest medically approved surgical and sterilization procedures, being a Mohel requires much more than surgical and medical skill. Jewish law sees the moment of Brit Milah as having a great spiritual impact upon the child. The Mohel, therefore, must also be a person of great piety and religiosity. He must be a G-d fearing practicing, Sabbath observant Jew, who performs the Brit Milah in accordance with the intentions as well as the methods of Jewish law. In this way the Mohel is a specialist in the spiritual aspects as well as the medical aspects of circumcision.
The brit milah of a healthy baby is always done on the 8th day, even Shabbat or Yom Kippur, and only during daylight hours! This 8th day is calculated to include the day of birth. If a baby is born, for example, on a Tuesday afternoon, under normally circumstances the Brit would be the following Tuesday, any time during the day. (There is a tradition to do the Brit as early in the day as possible.) A Brit Milah performed prior to this 8th day, or at night, does not comply with Jewish law, and is not considered a valid Brit.
A Brit of a baby delivered by caesarean section, although normally performed on the 8th day, may not be performed on the Sabbath or Jewish holiday. In this case, the Brit is delayed until the next weekday.
Reasons to delay: A Brit Milah is never performed if it poses any danger to the infant. The doctor and/or mohel's advice to delay a Brit for health reasons should always be heeded. In case of jaundice (yellow pigmentation of the skin), the brit cannot be performed; it is delayed until the bilirubin in the blood drops to a safe level. The brit may then be performed without endangering the child. In cases of some illnesses, a delay of seven days following full recovery is required. It is forbidden to postpone the brit for any reason other than health of the child, or in order to obtain a proper Mohel (see above). It is the responsibility of the Mohel, in consultation with the doctor and the family, to determine if a delay is necessary according to Jewish law.
The Brit may be performed in a Synagogue, social hall, or in a private home with complete safety.
The baby is brought in to the room, carried by the kvatter and kvatterin, considered by many to be the godparents.
Two chairs are prepared for the Brit. The first is for the Sandek, the individual who holds the baby on their knees during the actual circumcision. The lap of the Sandek is considered analogous to the altar of the Temple itself. It is considered a great honour to be the Sandek because there is a Cabbalistic tradition that links the soul of the Sandek with the child. In this way, the Sandek is considered the spiritual mentor of the child. In many instances, one of the grandfathers serves as the Sandek.
The second chair is set aside for the spirit of Elijah the Prophet, the "Angel of the Covenant". According to Jewish tradition, Elijah comes to every circumcision to testify before the Almighty to the commitment of the Jewish people to this great mitzvah throughout the generations. During the ceremony, just prior to the Brit itself, the baby is placed on the chair of Elijah, and the Mohel recites a special prayer asking for the spirit of Elijah to stand over him as he performs the Brit.
After the Mohel has performed the brit, a special blessing is recited upon a cup of wine, and the baby is given his Hebrew name. It is customary to serve refreshments or a meal after the brit, and this is considered a seudat mitzvah, part of the mitzvah. (Obviously all food served should be kosher.)
Ideally, a minyan should be present for a Brit, although this is not a pre-requisite.
In the Torah it says that G-d changed Abraham's name from Avram to Avraham at the time of his circumcision. In keeping with that tradition, a Jewish boy is given his Hebrew name at the time of his Brit Milah. Judaism places a great deal of significance on a child's Hebrew name. It is often customary to name the child after someone who led a righteous life so that the child will try to emulate that individual. Ashkenazi Jews often name their children after a dearly departed relative, while Sephardic Jews sometimes name their children in honour of living relatives. In the case of someone who died at a young age, another name referring to life, or the name of a person who lived a full life is added.
The Hebrew naming of a baby girl should take place at the first occasion after the baby is born when the father can be called to the Torah. At that time a special prayer is recited on behalf of the mother and the baby, and a Hebrew name is given to the child. The guidelines for naming a baby girl are the same as for naming a baby boy.
Dr. Deena Ages, M.D. Toronto** new **
Rabbi Moshe Shulman, a native of New York, received his Bachelor of Science degree in Computer Software Engineering from the Jerusalem College of Technology. He studied Talmud, Jewish law, and philosophy at the Sha'alvim Educational Center, Israel, where he earned his Teacher's Certification and Rabbinic Ordination. After spending five-and-a-half years in Calgary, at Congregation House of Jacob-Mikveh Israel, and ten years as the spiritual leader of Shaarei Shomayim Congregation, in Toronto, Rabbi Shulman is now serving the US mid-west, as the spiritual leader of the Young Israel of St. Louis.
Rabbi Shulman is certified to perform Brit Milah by the renowned Mohel of Jerusalem's Bikur Cholim, Misgav Ladach and Hadassah hospitals, Yosef Halpern, of blessed memory, as well as from the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem, Rav Yitzchak Kulitz. During his years in Calgary, Rabbi Shulman served as the only Orthodox Mohel in Western Canada, travelling extensively throughout Alberta, British Columbia, and Saskatchewan. From his new home in St. Louis, Rabbi Shulman is readily available to perform Brit Milah for families. His combined experience as both a Mohel and a Rabbi gives him the unique ability to make ritual circumcision a heart-warming Jewish experience for all.
For further information please email Rabbi Shlman at [email protected] | <urn:uuid:c0cd4212-6521-4581-b308-76d36cd8ebba> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://milah.net/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00550-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954528 | 1,845 | 2.140625 | 2 |
SPONSORED LINKSIt's incredibly easy to do, and it can also be used to help you de-stress, which is important if you want to nod off
There are few things more frustrating than not being able to fall asleep at night, and just lying there tossing and turning.
The more frustrated you get, the less likely you are to fall asleep, and then it becomes a psychological battle which can lead to longer term insomnia.
But a Harvard-trained physician thinks he has a method which, if used properly, means you can get to sleep in 60 seconds flat.
Dr. Andrew Weil pioneered the 4-7-8 technique, which sounds quite easy...
1) Breathe in for four seconds
2) Hold your breath for seven seconds
3) Breathe our for eight seconds
4) Repeat this three times (which takes 57 seconds)
5) You should then feel incredibly sleepy
The eight seconds of holding your breath is the important part. Following filling your lungs with oxygen after a deep breath, it allows that oxygen to circulate.
This relaxes your body, while focusing on the breathing means you empty all the stress and frustration from your mind.
It's similar, in a way, to breathing techniques used in Mindfullness, which also seeks to help you get rid of those recurring thoughts that just won't go away. | <urn:uuid:b356b8f1-379f-4ca9-8621-c8667fa6e0ce> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://minionscoop.blogspot.com/2015/09/how-to-fall-asleep-in-60-seconds.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00272-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945875 | 278 | 1.710938 | 2 |
H. pylori infection has been associated with many micronutrient deficiencies. There is a dearth of data from communities with nutritional deficiencies and high prevalence of H. pylori infection. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of H. pylori infection on serum levels of vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine in patients with functional dyspepsia (FD).
One hundred and thirty-two patients with FD undergoing gastroscopy were enrolled. The serum was analyzed for B12, folate and homocysteine levels before gastroscopy. H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histopathological examination of gastric biopsies and urea breath test. An independent sample t-test and the Mann–Whitney test were used to compare mean serum concentrations of biomarkers between H. pylori- positive and H. pylori- negative groups of patients. A Chi-square test was performed to assess the differences among proportions, while Spearman’s rho was used for correlation analysis between levels of B12 and homocysteine.
The mean age of the group was 40.3 ± 11.5 (19–72) years. Folate deficiency was seen in 43 (34.6%), B12 deficiency in 30 (23.1%) and hyperhomocysteinemia in 60 (46.2%) patients. H. pylori was present in 80 (61.5%) patients with FD while it was absent in 50 (38.5%). Mean serum levels of B12, folate and homocysteine in the H. pylori- positive group of patients were not significantly different from the levels in the H. pylori- negative group (357 ± 170 vs. 313 ± 136 pg/mL; p = 0.13) sitios de citas para solteros adventistas, (4.35 ± 1.89 vs. 4.42 ± 1.93 ng/mL; p = 0.84); ( ± 8.97 vs. ± 7.82 ?mol/L; p = 0.24); respectively.
B12 deficiency (?200 pg/mL) was 23.8% in the H. pylori- positive patients versus 22.0% in the H. pylori- negative patients. Folate deficiency (?3.5 ng/mL) was 33.8% in the H. pylori- positive group versus 36% in the H. pylori- negative group. Hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 ?mol/L) was present in 46.2% of H. pylori- positive patients compared to 44% in the H. pylori- negative group. Correlation analysis indicated that serum B12 levels were inversely associated with serum levels of homocysteine in patients with FD (rho = ?0.192; p = 0.028).
This study demonstrated an inverse relationship between serum levels of B12 and homocysteine in patients with FD. Moreover, no impact of the presence of H. pylori was found on B12, folate and homocysteine levels in such patients.
Helicobacter pylorus try a good gram-negative, microaerophilic individual pathogen that is prevalent international. Based on some society-oriented degree, over fifty percent of the human population inside the establish nations and you may 90% of them inside the development nations harbor it bacterium [step 1, 2].
Considering these types of reports, it is imaginable that the incidence from H. pylori was high in the Pakistani population. Sadly, no society-depending research has started done in Pakistan. not, hospital-centered analysis out-of dyspeptic people signify this new incidence out-of H. pylori within the Pakistan is all about 80% .
H. pylori infection causes gastritis and it is associated with the development of peptic ulcer disease, gastric carcinoma and micronutrient deficiencies . Micronutrient deficiencies may present with clinical syndromes ranging from subtle sub-clinical states, dysmotility like dyspepsia or severe clinical neurological and hematological disorders . A recent review of a number of published studies on the influence of H. pylori on nutritional status revealed that the infection appeared to have a definite negative effect on vitamin B12 and vitamin C metabolism . In a study from the Aga Khan University, high prevalence values of vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies, along with hyperhomocysteinemia (>15 ?mol/L), were seen in Pakistani patients with acute myocardial infarction . Hyperhomocysteinemia and high prevalence of folate deficiency were also observed in normal healthy subjects [7–9]. FD is a very common symptom in the community. Whether H. pylori infection has a role in folate and B12 deficiency in dyspeptic patients is still controversial. | <urn:uuid:d26c123e-4329-4536-9134-18e54e31d58d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://strategie-business.com/2022/07/30/relationships-anywhere-between-supplement-btwelve/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573104.24/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817183340-20220817213340-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.928009 | 1,033 | 2.359375 | 2 |
WattOS — a lightweight, low-power Linux
A lightweight Linux distribution often seems to require making sacrifices — using a UI which many users would find unfamiliar and using software which is heavily cut down in functionality.
WattOS is a really interesting lightweight Linux distribution that is based on Ubuntu 10.04 (as of WattOS R2). As the name might suggest, it is also focused on low power usage and is said to work well with older and less powerful hardware.
At the same time, though, it runs familiar software, like Firefox, Empathy for instant messaging and has a friendly user interface. It uses Openbox and LXDE to form the desktop environment, and while many Linux users may not have even heard those names, the combination works brilliantly — keeping the software lightweight and super speedy, but without behaving oddly or describing things in an unusual way. In short, a non-technical user certainly won’t have a problem with the way the desktop works if they have used full-fat Ubuntu before. | <urn:uuid:7f3cf4e7-c7bb-4f3c-a48b-d774e92c48c7> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.tuxmachines.org/node/46060 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00483-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958845 | 208 | 1.851563 | 2 |
Great reading in the Miami Herald that the our state is growing at such a pace that the governor has the pleasant task of cutting taxes and, at the same time, being able to increase spending in a number of vital areas of our state — paramount being education. Unfortunately, even with the proposed increase in educational spending to $7,176 per student our state is still far behind such states as New York which spends $19,552 and the District of Columbia spending $17,468 per student (2012 figures).
Education is vitally important to the growth of our state’s economy. Especially with the governor’s much bragged about solicitation of out-of-state employers to “come on down; move to Florida.”
Without a large pool of educated residents from which major corporations can solicit employees we will be hearing: “Sorry, the sun and sand are fantastic and it’s very cold up here, but more important we need employees that demonstrate skill levels to match our job requirements.”
The governor is proposing a tax and fee cut of $470 million in the coming budget in cellphone and cable television charges that would save $3.58 a month for the average family that spends $100 a month. Economists will tell you, and it is true, that the $470 million saved by residents of Florida, while a small savings to the individual, when injected through spending will stimulate economic growth in our state.
Looked at from another view, if we each gave up that $3.58 a month which I am sure we could all afford, we could inject that $470 million into education which would increase individual student spending by $181.63 a year. In the long run, the additional investment in education and its benefits would far outweigh the benefit of the residents of Florida spending that extra $3.58 a month on food, clothes or reducing credit card balances with out-of-state lenders.
The governor is facing a wave of resistance from members of the Florida House and Senate who also favor tax cuts but would much prefer using the $1 billion surplus on tax cuts for Florida businesses. The logic: if Florida corporations pay lower taxes, they can cut the price of their goods or services. This creates a greater demand for their business. Increased sales demands increased production, which in turn creates a need to hire more employees.
On the other hand, the bad news is that the state will lose $1.3 billion in federal funds to finance hospitals treating the poor and uninsured patients. This is putting pressure on the state’s taking a pass on receiving federal funds to finance the expansion of state Medicaid benefits. Hospitals aren’t going to be able to help members of the lower income working class with their medical needs.
The official word out of Tallahassee was that the state did not want to set the expanded program in motion depending upon money from Washington only to lose funding at some future date and then be stuck having to cover the program with state funds or cancel the expanded benefits for thousands of Floridians.
The governor further proposes saving the state the cost of salaries and benefits by cutting 1,353 state employee positions. This could save the state an estimated $101.4 million (1,353 employees at an average annual total cost of $75,000). The downside is that 1,353 individuals will go on unemployment — a cost to the state. And, even more important, have a demoralizing effect on the families of those losing their jobs.
The governor and legislators have a difficult, but enviable, task of figuring out how to spend the additional revenues the state is projected to receive in the coming fiscal year. The choices: do we cut the taxes we will receive down to the level of the current cost of running the state, do we keep the higher tax revenues and figure out how to spend it, or do we do a little of both.
We appreciate your opinions on this column whether in agreement or disagreement. Send your comments to (fax number) 305-662-6980 or email to [email protected]. The opinions expressed in this column are not necessarily those of this newspaper, its editors or publisher | <urn:uuid:cb301042-0a0f-43f1-8b65-bc1f19c6b7fd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://communitynewspapers.com/brickell/keep-my-monthly-3-58-to-use-for-education/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281746.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00283-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959841 | 860 | 1.585938 | 2 |
Fixed penalty fines, the scourge of many a motorist. Parking on a double-yellow line, speeding, not wearing a seatbelt – whatever the cause, the result is the same. The recipient of the ticket has to pay the fine, normally by following the URL printed on the back.
In a case recently reported to the Naked Security team, following the URL leads to a web page claiming to be Central Accounting Office Electronic Information Service for Her Majesty’s Court Service (HMCS).
As you can see, the page is not secure (it does not need to be). It simply provides a link through to the secure site where payment can be made.
Unfortunately, following that link (in Firefox) results in a warning page being displayed to the user for most popular browsers.
The payment page is using SSL, so what is the problem? Well, unfortunately, the certificate being used on
secure.informcommunications.plc.uk has actually been issued for
This discrepancy is what causes the above browser warnings. (Google have posted an excellent description of the various website security indicators and what they actually mean.)
In this case the problem is not caused by any malicious activity. Instead human error appears to be the culprit. Both sites (
informcommunications.plc.uk) actually resolve to the same IP. The problem appears to be that the link to the payment page uses the incorrect domain name.
This is supported by one of the other pages I found on the site – a page used for Met Police payments. Looking at the source code for the page you can see that a link to a payments page on
informcommunications.plc.uk has been commented, replaced by one referencing
Given the sites resolve to the same IP, the links actually point to the same page. With the current certificate however, the
secure.informcommunications.plc.uk link will unfortunately generate the warnings.
So, what should users do when confronted with these browser warnings? Personally, I think they should follow the advice given, and proceed no further. They should report the site appropriately, such that the problem can be fixed. Even though bypassing the warnings in this example would be perfectly safe, that is not what users should be encouraged to do.
Browser warnings like these are great – a really useful tool for users to be alerted to potentially malicious activity. Legitimate organisations really should test their systems more thoroughly to ensure good practice has been followed, and the user experience is seamless.Follow @sophoslabs
Shout out to Naked Security reader JM from London for the tip.
police image courtesy of Shutterstock | <urn:uuid:74abe92a-1cec-4b38-bd39-2c8a49a3d1a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2012/08/23/police-fine-website-makes-amateurish-coding-errors/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280835.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00053-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.923419 | 539 | 1.953125 | 2 |
|Baby squirrels can be mischievous! Photo by Pablo Somarriba.|
|This juvenile Variegated Squirrel covers himself with his tail to protect himself from predators from above. Photo by Laura Ruysseveldt.|
Estacion Biologica recovered a Variegated Squirrel which had gotten ill from the abuse it had received in the hands of others. The squirrel was ill, weak, and infected with large sore on its side.
|A Variegated Squirrel eats a ripe, juicy mango. Photo by Laura Ruysseveldt.|
|This baby squirrel quickly healed of his wound, although the hair returned slowly. He is still wild and living with the other squirrels in the trees above Estacion Biologica Laguna de Apoyo. Photo by Laura Ruysseveldt.|
|Click on the "escudo" to contact us.| | <urn:uuid:f7e8e5d9-0160-447a-b60d-80145d7d432f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://lagunadeapoyo.blogspot.com/2013/04/animal-rescue-xi-variegated-squirrel.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00324-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966765 | 189 | 1.609375 | 2 |
Following on the global credit crisis, many have come to me to ask how these changes will affect China. As I have said earlier, China and the US are two sides to the same coin, and it pays to look at them as one economy, as this Newsweek article does. It goes without saying that this crisis will have a profound effect on China, and I’m not optimistic about the capability of the Chinese central government in Beijing to deal with it as quickly as it should. Michael Pettis, who lives and teaches in Beijing, has been a persistent advocate of stimulating more domestic spending from Chinese consumers, and continues to advocate that position. I agree that this is necessary; I don’t think that this will happen quickly or on an even basis. There is a simple reason for this: stimulating consumer spending depends, to a large extent, on the rollout of a national healthcare system; this is something which Beijing has tried to do since the early 90s, all without success. When it comes to the lack of a national healthcare system, the US and China are in the same boat, and the national governments are equally ineffective.
So what are some investment rules you can use? Let me list seven below:
- Avoid Shanghai and Beijing. Both have excellent universities, and Beijing has central government ministries while Shanghai is the commercial capital of China. In IT, companies have preferred to hire from Tsinghua for smart technology people. But there are major problems with both cities. First of all, staff turnover is too high, and costs are too high. In the past few years, staff have routinely asked for 20-30% raises just to stay in the same company! And with all the western companies constantly going into those cities, there has been a bidding war for staff. We are in tough times now, so do you really want to get involved in bidding wars over your local staff and deal with staff turnover issues? I don’t think so. And when it comes to Internet/IT, I say that the Internet already has become a platform and there is plenty of talent around. Do you really need expensive people from the very best universities in China who may prove a pain to manage? If you don’t, second-tier people who are reliable and don’t ask for huge pay raises are good enough, and maybe even better. When hiring local talent, look for tortoises, not hares. We are heading for much tougher times, and you need a good stable team. Beijing and Shanghai have too many hares. Your most loyal people will be the ones you hired and trained on the job. They will also be the ones who understand local market and conditions and connections.Another major issue about Beijing and Shanghai is that they are geared for exports, especially to the US. Do I need to tell you what happened to that export market?
- Instead of going to Beijing and Shanghai, look at the 20 major city markets in China if you are thinking of selling to Chinese consumers. Now is a good time to get into services for Chinese consumers. Think of cities like Dalian, Hangzhou, Ningbo, Xiamen, Guangzhou, Wuhan, Nanchang, Chongqing, Chengdu, Fuzhou, Kunming, Nanning, Nanjing, etc. If you want to get into China under the radar (in my opinion, always a wise strategy), these are places to look at very seriously. If you need knowledge workers, as in programming or game production or pharmaceuticals, pay special attention to the local universities, and partnering with them to hire their graduating students. If you show the cash and commitment, and can guarantee jobs for their students, you will get multiple offers of good deals.
- Guangdong and Zhejiang are the two largest manufacturing provinces in China. Guangdong’s factories depend on a huge pool of unskilled immigrant laborers, mostly young women, from Sichuan and other provinces. These factories and workers are going to be hit hard because of their dependency on the US market. There is too much overcapacity, too little value-added, and too little profit for most of these factories to move up the value chain. Unemployment in Guangdong and Sichuan will become a major issue. Zhejiang’s factories are mostly family-owned, and it has less reliance on immigrant workers. Because of Zhejiang’s strong private sector and private wealth, they will be able to make the adjustment in market demand from exports to domestic Chinese consumption more quickly.
- If you are a private equity or hedge fund investor, you need to think about investment horizons. In order to make up for the dropoff in exports, Beijing and provincial governments would naturally think of investing more in infrastructure. So far, most of this money has gone into infrastructure, manufacturing and real estate. The problem is that these areas are already built up and have over-capacity. They are really at a loss about what to do. If you can help and offer investments which create jobs and upgrade the skill force, you are in a good position. Be sure to get your money and profit back within 15 years (by 2023). That is because if you are selling to Chinese consumers, you are selling to the current group who are in their 20s – 40s. By 2023, China’s demographics will fall off a cliff because of the one-child policy, and they will be in savings mode instead of spending mode.
- When it comes to modernization, China is crossing a 30-foot chasm with a 20-foot rope, with each foot representing one year. China’s hardware development and infrastructure are very impressive and are the most modern in the world, as the Beijing Olympics showed. The hardest part to modernize is peoples’ mentality as the tainted milk scandal has shown. China’s aging demographics do not give it enough time to cross the chasm, so Chinese will get old before they get modern. When that happens, China will look like a bigger version of Japan, and will have all the problems Japan has today. Just hope that China has a national healthcare system in place by then.
- The wealth gap will become wider over the next 10 years between the cities and the countryside, then stabilize for five years, then shrink as the city worker bees retire in 15 years. Rural infrastructure is less developed, and so far, the Chinese government has made all the wrong moves in rural development by not supporting the development of rural collectives for the farmers. There is an excellent article (in Chinese, h/t to Stan C) about the failure of China’s rural development, and how Chinese rural development will look like the Philippines with large food processing companies employing poor farmers. This organization is partly responsible for the Sanlu tainted milk scandal, and is copied from the US. But the US has a surplus of land and shortage of farmers, while China has a shortage of land and excess of farmers! If you are interested in macroeconomic issues, this is worth more study. Its view converges very well with the view of Yasheng Huang in his new book Capitalism with Chinese Characteristics, which I have also mentioned in my previous article.
- The dumb money has already been made in China. It’s time to rebalance your portfolio to make smart money. It can be done, but it won’t be easy. Think smart, work smart, and invest for 15 years. By that time, you should be able to retire.
If you need more information specific to your fund/company/situation, you can contact me from the About page. | <urn:uuid:865f46cf-6291-4987-90f4-728e5949ae17> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.chinavortex.com/2008/10/investment-rules-china/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00438-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966141 | 1,568 | 1.648438 | 2 |
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Paving blocks are inexpensive, durable, and available in a wide variety of shapes, colors, and textures. They can as a result of these characteristics, be employed for many different purposes. Pavers can be used to create driveways, patios and walkways. Retaining walls, raised beds, and other yard features can be built using paving blocks. The aesthetic appeal of outdoor spaces can also be enhanced through the careful use of pavers to accentuate positive features and disguise minor blemishes, such as metal window wells.
The durability of paving blocks makes them an excellent material choice for the construction of patios and other flat outdoor spaces. The installation of patios built out of pavers is a relatively simple process, involving a fair bit of labor, but little specialized equipment. For the price of a weekend spend digging a setting bed, lining it with compacted gravel and sand and carefully aligning and setting pavers, a homeowner will be rewarded with a visually pleasing and very resilient surface.
Pavers can also be used to build additional enhancements for patios and walkways. A patio built out of paving stones can be transformed into an elegant outdoor courtyard by the addition of a low ornamental wall built using pavers held together with adhesive cement. Ambitious homeowners can construct outdoor grills as part of a paver wall, or even special bricks equipped with low-voltage outdoor lighting to further enhance the visual appeal and comfort of a patio.
Other outdoor structures can also be built using paving blocks, sometimes with the assistance of special inserts to lock rows of pavers together for stability. A low retaining wall can be constructed using pavers, and can be visually connected to a patio through the use of identical blacks. Similarly, raised garden beds can be built using a border of paving blocks. Alternatively, a fire pit built of pavers can serve as the focal point of an outdoor space.
The uniform, pleasing appearance of paving blocks means that they are very well-suited for use in disguising imperfections in an outdoor space or adding visual accents to a yard. Galvanized metal window wells are not beautiful to look at, but are necessary. A border of pavers can be employed to surround such a window well, and improve its appearance. Flower beds, or mulch at the base of trees can be set off from the rest of a yard by the use of a border made up of paving blocks, and can be tied in with the other elements of an outdoor space in this fashion.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK! | <urn:uuid:6259be94-452f-4808-9564-2686d050aae8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wisegeek.com/what-are-the-different-uses-for-paving-blocks.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00558-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946794 | 569 | 2.28125 | 2 |
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