text
stringlengths 181
608k
| id
stringlengths 47
47
| dump
stringclasses 3
values | url
stringlengths 13
2.97k
| file_path
stringlengths 125
140
| language
stringclasses 1
value | language_score
float64 0.65
1
| token_count
int64 50
138k
| score
float64 1.5
5
| int_score
int64 2
5
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
The Simple Dollar offers a month-long plan for fixing your finances. All you need is an open mind and an hour each day.
During the first half of the month, we’ve created a real “living” budget that is built around your life, not forcing your life to live up to someone else’s idea of a budget. Now that this budget is in place, we’ll use it to see where we can trim some of the fat from expenditures. The next several days will focus on a specific expenditure area, with a discussion of things to think about when evaluating those expenses, along with some tips for reducing those expenses. This is not a rulebook. Spend an hour considering these tips, gathering information, and deciding what works for you, not what works for someone else that you’ll try to shoehorn into your life.
Everyone who owns an automobile faces auto insurance, and everyone who owns a home pays homeowner insurance. It’s a fact of life for most of us, so we just pay it and move on. What we often don’t consider, though, is how much we can save on this insurance with just a little bit of legwork.
Look at other providers It doesn’t hurt to shop around a bit. Take fifteen minutes and get a few quotes on your home insurance and auto insurance from other carriers. I was surprised how much of a difference there was between various insurance carriers – depending on the factors they used, the rates varied quite a bit.
Raise your deductible The largest slice of Americans have a home insurance deductible of $500, but they very, very rarely make claims on that insurance. If you raise your deductible to $1,000, you can save as much as 25% on your insurance. How often do you make claims on your home insurance? If it’s rarely, you might consider raising your deductible to reduce your payment. The same goes for auto insurance; if you don’t make claims very often, look at raising your deductible to reduce your payments.
Look for package deals The majority of Americans have different providers for their home and automobile insurance. See whether or not you can get a reduction in your premium if you take all of your business to one provider. My parents did this a few years ago (they moved their home insurance to their auto insurance provider) and their overall premiums dropped about 18%.
Install a deadbolt and smoke detectors Call up your insurance provider and ask for their recommendations for deadbolts, smoke detectors, security systems, and other equipment that might reduce your premium. If they’re cheap (often, smoke detectors are a great investment here), go buy them, install them, and get that reduction in your premium. Click to learn more about protecting your home from fire.
Check for other discounts Many insurance companies offer reduced home insurance rates if someone works at home (or doesn’t work at all). Auto insurers will offer lower rates if you have a stable, socially responsible job. Both will offer a lower rate if you have a good credit rating. Explore these avenues with your insurer.
If you have an insurer you’re generally happy with, don’t switch. This is especially true if you’re approaching the three year or six year mark with the same insurer, as they often reduce rates a bit (5%) at each point. That doesn’t mean you shouldn’t compare rates on occasion, but insurance companies look for stability.
You can evaluate all of these points with just a few telephone calls and web site visits, well worth an hour of your time if you can trim 10% (or more) from your premiums. If you pay $200 a month for insurance and can see that go down to $180 every month, you’re suddenly looking at $240 extra per year for an hour of work. | <urn:uuid:f045c62d-a788-4bcf-a07b-db8d93367259> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thesimpledollar.com/31-days-to-fix-your-finances-day-16-evaluating-your-expenses-home-and-auto-insurance/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280730.27/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00251-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956009 | 799 | 1.742188 | 2 |
Research conducted by the University of Alberta confirms the popular myth that Rodeo cowboys are a breed of their own.
In his research on whiplash injuries, Dr. Robert Ferrari, clinical professor at the Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, has found that conducted the cultural expectations of injury and the way we treat them plays an important role in the road to recovery. part of the problem.
Studies in association with Faculty of Agriculture of the University of Alberta, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry's Dr. Anthony Russell and Ashley Shannon, a Forestry and Home Economics student were conducted to differentiate between the outcomes of motor vehicle whiplash injuries on a group of rodeo athletes and a group of spectators at such events.
The studies revealed that rodeo athletes recover faster from their injuries with less time off from work in spite of the fact that they too shared similar occupations like ranching and farming as the spectators.
This fact could probably be attributed to the difference in the coping style of athletes, which is often lacking in most people.
The survey revealed that vehicle types and occupation types were similar for both sets of participants. However on an average the duration of symptoms was 30 days in rodeo athletes and 73 days in the spectators. Time off from work was at the most three weeks off from work for the rodeo athletes, whereas it was more than six weeks off for the spectators.
Ferrari concluded his study by proposing that there seemed to be minimal fear of pain with activity among the athletes unlike the common folk in Western Culture. And that by itself was sufficient reason to study athletes closely. | <urn:uuid:af4ab300-3663-4b1b-beea-fc1d74eb6828> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=8915 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572221.38/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816060335-20220816090335-00064.warc.gz | en | 0.979043 | 324 | 2.953125 | 3 |
Cleaning STRATEGIES FOR You
These are usually some cleaning ideas to make your work easier. But before getting into the ‘how to’, there are a few essential points to bear in mind. They are furthermore used by expert cleaners, in order to trust them. Continue reading for helpful ideas Simply.
Should you have just about any concerns concerning where and also tips on how to use https://reckittbenckisernv.com, it is possible to email us at our web site.
Before you start, identify the nature of the work -this will make the task easier, while you have prepared yourself with the correct tools and materials at the cleaning job, thus, rendering it less of a difficult job. If the job will be tough, after that you are most likely to become stressed, resulting in an accident. Actually the most diligent people face complications due to the pressure.
Decide whether you are going to do the entire job alone or with a helper. Periodically you cannot complete it with your personal hands, but you nevertheless need to complete it. Also, the energy tool from the professional cleaners makes their job easier than you. In addition, you may elect to hire someone to help you complete the operating job.
The most sensible thing that can be done is to devote some time for small things and fix them later. Likewise, the expert cleaner is always on the lookout for little things that you may have ignored.
It is often seen that some people are lazy and don’t want to spend any more time in the cleaning project since it would be too hard. Always keep in mind that this washing process is perfect for the betterment of the home.
Always make sure you get hold of the required cleaning supplies before you start the cleaning process. From your cleansing products Aside, you’ll also need a spot to put your cleaned products. Moreover, it is advisable to avoid putting broken furniture into your own clean environment.
Having an open room is very important if you are cleaning, because the dust, dust and bacteria tend to spread just about everywhere. So, it is vital to place some type of protection in the open space.
It is most beneficial to work in a particular area where it will be easier to get backwards and forwards. You will be able to finish the functioning job faster. Sometimes, the majority of the people become so busy that they have no idea what area to start cleaning in.
Cleansing a home can be carried out by using natural dryness. Avoid using deodorants and perfumes for the intended purpose of washing as these could cause allergies. It is usually better use unrefined or organic soaps.
It may be beneficial to thoroughly check the items before using them. Keep in mind that a lot of people possess ended up known to skip the need for these cleaning tips, despite having all the required knowledge. People who are aware of the very best cleaning tips have become productive.
If you’re afraid of germs , nor learn how to clean them, it is possible to ask you to definitely help you. This will keep you from investing a lot of time away. Also, if you’re not in a position to find someone, you can even do it yourself.
If you enjoyed this short article and you would certainly like to receive even more info relating to https://reckittbenckisernv.com kindly see our own web-site.
Fantastic suggestions relevant to the matters on this page, you will like: | <urn:uuid:fcd8e902-5966-4562-a9a6-c8f3e002c0b8> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://royaldata.online/cleaning-strategies-for-you-2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00678.warc.gz | en | 0.960004 | 721 | 1.859375 | 2 |
Heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility as a potential contributor to recent HIV prevalence declines in Africa
AIDS , Volume 23 - Issue 1 p. 125- 130
Background: HIV prevalence has recently declined in several African countries, and prior to this the risk of HIV acquisition per unprotected sex contact also declined in Kenyan sex workers. We hypothesized that heterogeneity in HIV host susceptibility might underpin both of these observations. Methods: A compartmental mathematical model was used to explore the potential impact of heterogeneity in susceptibility to HIV infection on epidemic behavior, in the absence of other causative mechanisms. Results: Studies indicated that a substantial heterogeneity in susceptibility to HIV infection may lead to an epidemic that peaks and then declines due to a depletion of the most susceptible individuals, even without changes in sexual behavior. This effect was most notable in high-risk groups such as female sex workers and was consistent with empirical data. Discussion: Declines in HIV prevalence may have other causes in addition to behavior change, including heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility. There is a need to further study this heterogeneity and its correlates, particularly as it confounds the ability to attribute HIV epidemic shifts to specific interventions, including behavior change.
|, , ,|
|Organisation||Erasmus MC: University Medical Center Rotterdam|
Nagelkerke, N.J.D, de Vlas, S.J, Jha, P, Luo, M, Plummer, F.A, & Kaul, R. (2009). Heterogeneity in host HIV susceptibility as a potential contributor to recent HIV prevalence declines in Africa. AIDS, 23(1), 125–130. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283177f20 | <urn:uuid:35db4ffd-2206-4f7b-ab8f-73b4cfc7d84b> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://repub.eur.nl/pub/25089 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00075.warc.gz | en | 0.908107 | 412 | 1.75 | 2 |
|Top Previous Next|
In the 'Host' tab you will find the following parameters:
URL or IP address of the host machine that will act as the FTP server.
TCP port defined for RD access at the remote computer.
Always ask for credentials
Check this option to ask every user to enter the credentials every time they load the connection to get access to the VPN. | <urn:uuid:c8afe2b0-63d3-4bb4-ad70-e5c563962ebe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://files.cybelesoft.com/manuals/zscope6.2/host.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00071.warc.gz | en | 0.882809 | 93 | 2.03125 | 2 |
The Volition Games Software Diaries
The PS3 is a outstanding gaming system that has among the hottest games accessible available on the market. Though these games are at the high of their class, they will simply get damaged and put an end to your gaming expertise. three. When prompted, save the copied file. Malicious files are found in almost 2% of all emails. And, 1 in 20 could have somebody steal their identity online this year.
Earlier than deciding about any specific Hr software program, you must beforehand know the hardware necessities for the assist of that software program. Does your organization have the desired infrastructure in place, or any finances must be allotted for the same. That could be all you need! When you discover you need more space, you can add that later for less than $5/month typically.
Quickbooks Help to Make Enterprise Associated Choices
four) Further features Copy Xbox games software is straightforward, saves time and extra importantly will save you cash and prevent money very fast. For a computer and SEARCH ENGINE OPTIMIZATION whiz, ease of use will not be the primary criteria, however if you are a beginner in this field, I guess, it is higher for you to discover most consumer-friendly software with wizards and autopilot tasks.
If you’re a gaming fanatic – whether you’re keen on enjoying on your Xbox, your COMPUTER or different gaming devices, it’s possible you’ll be questioning how to back up your favorite games to be sure to nonetheless have a copy in case your computer crashes or in case your Xbox online game disc is scratched or damaged.
What kind of threat is eradicated for you?
However, if you happen to can come up with one of the software program made to repeat the Xbox 360 games correctly and get around the encryption it is possible for you to to make good copies of your Xbox games and play them on your gaming system with no trouble. The good news is that these recreation copying software program are extremely easy and authorized to make use of. The right software will decipher the encrypted code and help you produce working backup copies of any Xbox 360 online game you want to make duplicate copies of.
All five of these things are what make a good software program you can use to copy and again up your video games. The explanation it has been embraced by so many individuals so rapidly is as a result of it is a highly effective approach that works. It is as simple as that. 1. Have Traceability. Make it possible for which you could show how every purposeful requirement ties back to a business requirement.
Carrying out screen recording is feasible using a program called Camtasia 7. Camtasia is screen recording software that is simple to be taught and not too onerous on the pockets. This software will record desktop activities by undertaking expert display recording of any exercise you do in your desktop. | <urn:uuid:fe0ee5f9-7414-43fc-aa87-9738ae9c1890> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.wii-volution.com/the-volition-games-software-diaries.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570977.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809124724-20220809154724-00468.warc.gz | en | 0.939375 | 596 | 1.5625 | 2 |
Sarso Saag Mustard Leaves - Seeds
( 120 times booked in last 90 days )
The pack contains 5 seed packets of
- Radish F1 Great Long White - Seeds
- Coriander Imported - Seeds
- Cucumber F1 Samber Selection - Seeds
- Methi Kasturi, Fenugreek - Seeds
- Sunflower Large Bloom - Seeds
*Use coupon : NLWKGP
Mustard is an ancient plant that’s full of appeal for contemporary gardeners. The plants are easy to grow and produce seed in as few as 60 days.
The greens are edible, the flowers attractive, and if the seeds are allowed to mature on the plant, they will self-sow and still provide plenty for mustard making.
Many people do not realize that a mustard seed plant is the same plant as a mustard greens plant (Brassica juncea).
This versatile plant can be grown as a vegetable and eaten like other greens or, if allowed to flower and go to seed, mustard seeds can be harvested and used as a spice in cooking or ground into a popular condiment.
Planting & Care
Sow mustard seeds 1/4 to 1/3 inch deep, and 3" apart. Thin seedlings to 5" - 9" apart. Separate the rows, 1 foot apart.
Sow seeds early in the spring and a second crop in the early fall. They prefer cool weather, so leave the middle of the summer for the heat loving vegetables.
Maturity: 45-50 days
How to Grow Mustard:
Growing mustard plants is easy. The plants grow well in most good garden soils.
Mustard plants prefer full sun and cool weather. Grow crops spring and fall. The plants will bolt in hot weather.
Planting successive small crops, separated about a week apart, results in a continuous supply of greens.
Mustard plants should be grown quickly. Use plenty of water, and ample amounts of fertilizer, to promote fast growth of tender, green leaves. Water plants during dry periods.
Keep the plants well weeded, so weeds rob the plants of water and nutrients. It makes harvesting easier, too.
Mustard greens are eaten raw, or cooked. Harvest leaves while young and tender. Pick individual leave, or the entire plant. Leaves get tough and have a strong flavor during hot, dry weather.
Mustard seeds should be harvested when the plants begin to yellow. You want to leave them on the plants as long as possible, but before the pods burst open and spill their seeds. | <urn:uuid:d7506807-f446-43df-b7ae-6a7d3ce780ef> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://nurserylive.com/shop/404/omx-seeds/sarso-saag-mustard-leaves-seeds-plants-in-india | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00229-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.91357 | 533 | 2.515625 | 3 |
The city fire department unveiled its newest piece of firefighting equipment at fire headquarters. The 4,000-gallon Spartan ERV foam tender that allows firefighters to battle petroleum and chemical fires more quickly and efficiently.
The new unit, funded by a $685,000 Port Security Grant from the Department of Homeland Security, mixes a foam firefighting substance aboard the vehicle, instead of making firefighters do that manually on site as in the past, according to Fire Chief Gregory Rogers.
Up until now, the fire department had to carry 40 55-gallon drums of foam concentrate that had to be “painstakingly handled by the barrel and drafted by pickup tubes, which is a manpower-intensive operation,” the chief said. In contrast, the foam tender unit provides easy delivery of the 4,000 gallons of the concentrate to a site, which then is pumped directly to the truck for quick, high-volume dissemination.
“This is one-stop shopping,” Roger's said on June 6. “Everything we need to get the job done is right there on this truck.”
The unit will be used to battle petroleum-based and chemical fires, those of gasoline, oil, and naphtha nature, which have to be fought in a different manner, according to the chief.
“It’s the foam that helps extinguish the fire,” he said. “It’s the vapors on top of the liquid that actually burn. This keeps down the vapors. It doesn’t let vapors rise to ignite fires.”
Mayor Mark Smith said the new firefighting apparatus showed the city’s commitment to the Public Safety Department.
“It’s important to do that, because you folks need the tools to do your job,” Smith said.
Public Safety Director Jason O’Donnell, also a state assemblyman, said the city was aggressive in obtaining security grants.
“In the last few years we’ve been able to bring grant funding of a couple of million dollars,” he said. “This is without any cost to the taxpayer.”
Only one of its type
The truck, custom-made to Bayonne’s specifications, is the only one of its type in the state, Rogers said, and likely one of the only one on the East Coast. It took one year to build.
The vehicle features a 500-horsepower engine and turret gun sprayer.
With the petroleum-related business in the city, Rogers said the new vehicle was a valuable one for the fire department.
Fire truck home
The new unit is being housed at the department’s Station 7 on Hook Road, and will be moved to the new firehouse at the Peninsula at Bayonne Harbor when it is opened later this year. | <urn:uuid:11445be3-72c2-45bf-9391-f20c152bd5d8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hudsonreporter.com/view/full_story/25339925/article-Foam-it-out---------Fire-department-receives-vehicle-to-battle-electrical-and-chemical-blazes-------?instance=more_page | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952748 | 590 | 1.859375 | 2 |
TRAI’s fresh thoughts on net neutrality
It tries to make its earlier regulation more nuanced by proposing three models of zero-rating without discriminatory tariffs.
SMARIKA KUMAR finds problems with all three
In its series of consultations and policymaking efforts around net neutrality in India, TRAI has issued yet another Consultation Paper last week, on May 19, 2016. This time, the paper focuses on the construction of models for the provision, distribution and use of free data (in other words, zero-rated data or zero rating) in digitally connected India.
This consultation comes in the wake of the Prohibition of Discriminatory Tariffs for Data Services Regulations, 2016 in February. That TRAI-developed Regulation had in essence, issued a ban on the offer or charging of data services “on the basis of content” through “discriminatory tariffs” (see Section 3.(1) of the Regulation). This move effectively put an end to projects like Internet.org/Free Basics and Airtel Zero in the country. And for a while, it looked as if a regulation designed with this wording would spell the death knell for zero-rated services.
So it is quite exciting that this new Consultation Paper from TRAI is seeking to think about working models whereby zero-rated services, can, in fact be offered, without of course violating the said prohibition on “discriminatory tariffs.”
Broadly, the Consultation Paper seeks responses to the question of how models incorporating zero-rating services or free data for Indian citizens can be designed while also being wary of giving unlimited internet content gatekeeping power to Telecom Service Providers (TSPs). In other words, as the Paper puts it: “Is there a need to have TSP agnostic platform to provide free data or suitable reimbursement to users, without violating the principles of Differential Pricing for Data laid down in TRAI Regulation? Please suggest the most suitable model to achieve the objective.” (see page 7, Question 1, Consultation Paper.)
This need to imagine different models for the provision of zero-rated services, while circumventing a scenario of “discriminatory tariffs”, constitutes the central concern of the Consultation Paper. The paper sees such a provision of zero-rated services as crucial to giving “consumers more choices for accessing the internet” (see para 9, Consultation Paper.)
In continuing this discussion on pushing the boundaries of zero-rating imagination, the Consultation Paper suggests three models that offer alternatives to “discriminatory tariffs”:
Model 1: The Incentives-to-Consumer Model
The first model consists of rewarding the users of a particular application or website with a recharge for data or voice usage, irrespective of the TSP they get their internet services from. The paper quotes some examples of such Incentives-to-Consumer models in India as mCent, Gigato, Taskbucks, Ladoo, EarnTalktime, and Pokkt. It outlines a second kind of consumer-rewards models in internet platforms which tie up with other apps to offer mobile data rewards in exchange for activities like paying one’s electricity bill on time or for checking out, say, out of a hotel on time (see para 12, Consultation Paper.)
Significance of Model 1:
- This model is useful for enabling “smaller entrepreneurs to flourish without permitting gate keeping function in the hands of the TSPs” (see para 9, Consultation Paper.) This is because it manages to offer incentives to citizens to use particular websites or apps which offer such rewards, thus giving internet businesses the freedom to employ this technique to attract more consumers and render themselves more competitive in the market.
- By suggesting the Incentives-to-Consumer model as one of the alternatives to Internet.org/Free Basics to provide free data to citizens, TRAI does manage to clarify that businesses which use the Incentives-to-Consumer model will not be rendered illegal as per its February Regulation, as this kind of arrangement will not fall within its category of “discriminatory tariffs.” The scope of what constitutes “discriminatory tariffs” is thus also elaborated upon by this new Consultation Paper. The policy implication of this is that zero-rating will still live yet in India, just not in its “discriminatory tariff” form.
Limitations of Model 1:
- The issue with an Incentives-to-Consumer Model, however, is that it enhances internet accessibility for only those citizens who already have at least some access to the internet. That’s because to avail themselves of the “rewards” of free data or voice under this model, consumer-citizens first need access to the relevant apps or websites, viz. internet. The paper itself recognizes this limitation when it says that the Incentives-to-Consumer model “requires an action before the reward thereby excluding the mobile users who have low or zero balance” (see para 13, Consultation Paper.) However it does not cater to the citizen who does not at all have internet access either due to reasons of affordability or the lack of quality infrastructure, or because of the lack of infrastructure altogether. The larger internet accessibility issue in the country thus still remains unaddressed under this model.
Model 2: The Toll-Free API Model
The second model suggested in the Consultation Paper is that of a “toll-free” API (Application Programme Interface, see para 13, Consultation Paper.) The paper seems to suggest that this would operate on similar lines to the Incentives-to-Consumer model, except instead of “rewarding” the user of the app/website, the model would enable no charging for data while the consumer is using the website in question. And of course, it also outlines that such an arrangement would be functional irrespective of the TSP service the internet user-citizen chooses to use to access the app/website.
Significance of Model 2:
- Like the Incentives-to-Consumer model, the Toll-Free API model allows private businesses, (especially the smaller entrepreneurs and homegrown startups which TRAI seems to be concerned about) the requisite freedom to add competitive advantage features to their services and offers. If a toll-free or no-data-charge feature for an app works as an incentive for consumers to use that app, then it is a clear win for the said app enterprise.
- The Toll-Free API model has the added advantage that it has the ability to reach the consumer-citizen “without impacting the mobile bill of the consumers” (see para 13, Consultation Paper.) This means that it can also enable the relevant app/website to reach the citizen who cannot afford to pay for internet or data charges in the first place.
- It is easier to figure out the “true cost” of data used for a particular website/app under this model, as compared to the Incentives-to-Consumer model. As the Consultation paper explains: “Suppose Person A is on 1GB datapack costing Rs. 250, and Person B is on the tariff of 10 paise per 10 Kb. If the data consumed in one session of Internet surfing is 50 MB, Person A incurs Rs. 12.20 whereas Person B incurs Rs. 512. This is nearly 42 times the cost incurred by Person A. In the toll-free model, given the data used is not getting billed to the mobile subscriber, true cost of data is covered without any confusion” (see para 13, Consultation Paper.)
Limitations of Model 2:
- It is unclear how payments might be figured under this model. Even if the so-called “true cost” of the data is calculated, the question of what kind of arrangement might exist between an app service (or, over-the-top service, or OTT) and between a TSP or between several TSPs to settle this “true cost” remains a mystery. The issue of how to structure compensatory payments between different TSPs (or paid peering) and between TSPs and OTTs lies at the heart of the entire debate around net neutrality, zero-rating and (the ban on) Free Basics (see the work of Visal Misra on this co-operative settlement, and discussion around paid peering in Jean Tirole, Competition in Telecommunications. See also, discussion on page 19, Report on Consultation on Net Neutrality in the Indian Context: Reality v. Rhetoric). Given this, it is unclear how Model 2 hopes to address this core issue.
- In the absence of clarity on how the Toll-Free API model proposes to process payments between TSPs and OTTs, the most obvious market solution (certainly, the most popular yet) might, in fact, be the facilitation of payments for the “true cost” of data used by a consumer by an OTT to the relevant TSP. This would presumably require the OTT to enter into an agreement with the TSP of a nature similar to what was seen in the case of Reliance and Free Basics/Internet.org last year. And that, in turn, would violate Section 3(2) of the February Regulation issued by TRAI which states: “No service provider shall enter into any arrangement, agreement or contract, by whatever name called, with any person, natural or legal, that has the effect of discriminatory tariffs for data services being offered or charged to the consumer on the basis of content.” And eventually, such arrangements will also lead to gatekeeping of content and apps by TSPs, which is what TRAI is looking to avoid in the first place (see para 8, Consultation Paper.)
- It is difficult to see how Model 2 will enable the coverage of the cost of the “toll-free” data used by the consumer without resorting to scrutinizing and separating what a consumer is browsing on the internet on the basis of “content,” and then charging for it to the relevant OTT/app. For example, if consumer C browses a proposed toll-free app P for 13 minutes and toll-free app Q for 20 minutes on her TSP/ISP network R, with the true cost of data she uses in each case being Rs x and Rs y respectively, then R would need to be compensated by someone (most obviously, as noted in the previous point, by P and Q) to the tune of Rs x and Rs y each. Which means that in order to calculate what it is owed, R would need to scrutinize what exactly C is browsing on its network and how much time C is spending on each OTT/website she uses. And since a private entity, R, in this case will be scrutinizing the internet browsing habits of every consumer, such a scenario raises serious concerns over the privacy of citizens.
Model 3: The Consumer-Subsidies Model
The third model discussed by TRAI in the Consultation Paper lays out a scenario where a citizen pays for getting a basic internet connection, and then he/she is offered subsidies for data through relevant sources for his browsing needs. This is envisioned as similar to the subsidies provided for domestic LPG connections currently to eligible citizens: “The direct money transfer approach could be similar to the subsidy payment, for the domestic LPG connections, wherein the user pays for the connection like any other normal connection, and then the Oil Company/Government pays the subsidy directly into his/her bank account” (see para 14, Consultation Paper.) In other words, this Model 3 seeks to offer reimbursements to citizen-internet users for data already consumed by them.
Significance of Model 3:
- Like Model 2, the Consumer-Subsidies Model has the advantage that it allows the calculation of “true cost” of the data used by a citizen-consumer, while also seeking to be TSP-agnostic. As TRAI states, “However, just like in Toll Free Model, the Platform owner not only measures the real time data consumption but also the tariff that is being applied to each individual user and reimburse/recharge actual amount incurred by the user in the form of a recharge for data usage or for voice usage to the user” (see para 14, Consultation Paper.)
- What is most interesting about the Consumer-Subsidies model is that it seems that TRAI is envisioning access to the internet almost as a basic necessity, or a public good for citizens, on the lines of domestic cooking gas. This could possibly imply that access to the internet, or more simply, data charges, can be subsidized, like LPG, by the State for its citizens.
Limitations of Model 3:
- When discussing any subsidies model, the immediate question which jumps to one’s mind is who should bear the burden of such subsidies? This same question also becomes relevant for this Model 3. Should it be the State which should reimburse citizen-consumers for their internet data charges? Or should such subsidies be achieved through some sort of free-market mechanism and the development of innovative business models? Or should it be a model that is a combination of both State-based regulatory interventions and free market mechanisms to incentivize private players (either TSPs or OTTs) to subsidize or reimburse data uses by citizens? If so, what should be the design of such a model? And wouldn’t designing such models run into the same issues around compensatory payments and paid peering as encountered under Model 2? These questions remain unanswered, and frankly, these are the questions TRAI is seeking an answer to, through the Consultation Paper.
- The Consumer-Subsidies Model additionally, like Model 1, only benefits those who can already afford a basic internet connection, or access, as it focuses around reimbursements, rather than “no charge.” Therefore, for citizens who no access to internet infrastructure, or who just cannot afford to pay for the internet even the first time, Model 3 holds an empty promise.
The new Consultation Paper certainly indicates a desire to create nuances in the design of the regulatory framework for internet access, infrastructure and net neutrality. In this, TRAI has been ambitious. However, the three models suggested in the paper fail to live up to this ambition. There is a lot of work and a lot of gaps still to be filled if any of these models - improved versions of them - are to cater to the public interest in this country comprehensively (see point 5/last, here.)
TRAI is asking us for our help for reimagining this design for the internet. How can we help? The deadline for comments is 16 June 2016 and comments should be sent to [email protected].
Smarika Kumar is an independent legal researcher and was formerly with the Alternative Law Forum, Bangalore.
The Hoot is the only not-for-profit initiative in India which does independent media monitoring. Your support is vital for this website. Click here
to make a contribution. | <urn:uuid:7a36916d-cdbc-4af4-b46a-c1cd96a13bfd> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.thehoot.org/media-watch/law-and-policy/trais-fresh-thoughts-on-net-neutrality-9389 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00322-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.93422 | 3,150 | 1.617188 | 2 |
September 22, 2003
CAE Not Just An Afterthought Anymore
Please note that contributed articles, blog entries, and comments posted on MCADcafe.com are the views and opinion of the author and do not necessarily represent the views and opinions of the management and staff of Internet Business Systems and its subsidiary web-sites.
It wasn't all that long ago that CAE was relegated to the back end of the product development process -- all too many times as sort of an afterthought. This mindset and practice is changing, though. Realizing the potential payback in terms of getting it right the first time, many design and manufacturing organizations have moved CAE tools further forward in the development process. Some are even moving the tools as far forward as the conceptual phase. Also, software vendors are getting better at integrating CAE with CAD, CAM, and other technical software tools.
Historically, a major hurdle to CAE's wider acceptance has been the perception that only high-priced analysis specialists could understand and work with high-priced CAE tools. While specialists are required for some of the high-end tools for performing complex analyses, there are many CAE tools now on the market that require just some basic training and practice to become proficient. It really just requires familiarity with the interface of a CAE tool for creating and loading digital models, and then reviewing and interpreting the results.
There are several types of CAE-related manufacturing applications for optimizing the use of materials, tools, shape and time by simulating and analyzing specific manufacturing processes. However, probably the most common method for getting CAE into an organization is finite element analysis (FEA) for parts and tooling.
FEA tools can be used for innovating or optimizing mechanical designs. Optimization is a process for improving a design that results in the best physical properties for minimum cost. However, optimization using FEA tools can prove difficult, because each design variation takes time to evaluate, making iterative optimization time consuming. On the other hand, FEA tools can really shine when seeking new and unique ways of designing things -- the most crucial aspect of innovation.
Don't, however, expect CAE tools to solve all of your problems with all of your parts. Like CAD and CAM tools, they should be used in conjunction with practical experience and common sense. CAE tools cannot perform miracles by themselves because they still require a tremendous human element, but used correctly, will likely improve the products you design.
By now you've probably got CAD and CAM tools in your shop and you've seen how they have positively impacted the way you work, as well as the way you interact with your customers and vendors. Looking for a way to further increase your productivity, while adding to your bottom line? Maybe it's time you considered integrating computer-aided engineering (CAE) tools into your business.
Product and Company News
Customer and Company Wins
--Jeffrey Rowe is Editor and Publisher of MCADCafé and MCADWeekly Review. He can be reached at
You can find the full MCADCafe event calendar here.
To read more news, click here.
-- Jeff Rowe, MCADCafe.com Contributing Editor.
Be the first to review this article | <urn:uuid:db3b6760-c70f-4af4-9a29-e28b9e83d212> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www10.mcadcafe.com/nbc/articles/view_weekly.php?articleid=206838 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281450.93/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00174-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.945278 | 665 | 2.09375 | 2 |
Not quite SWL, but I was listening to my scanner one night when I lived in So. Calif., & there was a bad Santa Ana windstorm. There was a dispatch of a fire engine to a brush fire by Los Angeles County Fire Dept.'s Valley Division:Fire Engine 101:"101 at scene, 50 acres of brush, houses threatened. OK Valley, send us everything you've got!"
LACoFD:"Valley is stripped of all units."
The was another major fire burning at the time in another part of LA County, so no other units nearby to respond. Whereupon, the LACoFD had to ask other Fire agencies for help. 6 homes were destroyed, and 6 other homes were damaged.
On Chernobyl: Yes, I heard about that one radio report of hundreds of deaths. I know the reactor exploded early Saturday their time, but it was not announced to the world until Sweden had to use Diplomatic channels, after they found elevated radiation at one of their reactors. Sweden said they knew it was not their reactor, so what happened? When the Soviets got back to the Swedes after a number of hours, they said, yes, there's been an accident, then they also asked (in plain English) "Have any ideas how to fight a graphite fire?"
This last part was picked up in international news. Now, I'm not a reactor expert, but I knew enough about them that if the graphite in a reactor was burning, then they were in deep manure at that point. The first official Soviet announcements had very little detail. | <urn:uuid:5eddf114-e53d-494d-83af-786979f2b195> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.eham.net/ehamforum/smf/index.php?topic=79048.0;prev_next=prev | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00440-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.985154 | 324 | 2.046875 | 2 |
The Santa Ana River Flood Forecasting Systemby Bruce G. Glabau, Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
Gregory Peacock, Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
Abstract: A real-time flood forecasting and reservoir operations simulation system has been developed for the Santa Ana River Basin, located in southern California. The system consists of generalized computer software developed by the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center and the Los Angeles District, and a set of data models describing the characteristics of the Santa Ana River Basin, the flood control system, and the data collection and reporting networks. The water control system includes data retrieval and processing, hydrologic data management, streamflow forecasting and simulation of reservoir operations. The water control system provides a coherent set of tools to increase the effectiveness of the water control manager in identifying future flood problems and evaluating alternative measures for mitigation on the Santa Ana River.
Subject Headings: Floods | Hydrologic data | Control systems | Data processing | Forecasting | Information management | River systems | Rivers and streams | Reservoirs | Data collection | North America | California | United States | Los Angeles
Services: Buy this book/Buy this article
Return to search | <urn:uuid:5a5799d2-06d9-49a4-8b0b-1936fed04182> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://cedb.asce.org/CEDBsearch/record.jsp?dockey=0053929 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279650.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00440-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.884266 | 256 | 2.484375 | 2 |
Your email address will be used for Wildy’s marketing materials only. We will never give your email address to any third party.
Special Discounts for Pupils, Newly Called & Students
Browse Secondhand Online
This edition includes all the EC directives incorporated in the Health and Safety Executive Regulations introduced in January 1993. It looks at the application of the law in England to both the prevention of workplace accidents and compensation for accident victims. It also looks at the legal system within which occupational health and safety laws are enforced and at the historical context from which current law has developed. It examines similiar systems of regulatory control to which occupational health and safety law relates (ie environmental protection, road traffic, employment protection law). | <urn:uuid:b35303dd-c2c5-4aa8-9cc1-90d696207952> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.wildy.com/isbn/9780712110570/health-and-safety-law-2nd-ed-paperback-pearson-education-ltd | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718309.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00405-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952746 | 147 | 1.632813 | 2 |
This paper has been published in journal "Chemical Education". Volume 71, Number 1, February 1994
Most organic chemistry instructors and the authors of most organic chemistry textbooks make quite clear (and justifiably so) the contributions of the great German masters of the science to modern organic chemistry. Organic chemistry 1.5 full of German names and German name reactions, many of which we expect our students to learn. In part, this may stem from the fact that most English-speaking chemists trace their "professional genealogy" to the German schools of Liebig, Bunsen. Erienmeyer, Kolbe, von Baeyer, Kekule, or Hofmann (who was brought to London to introduce the German way of teaching organic chemistry), so that their mentors were much more aware of the German schools and their contributions. However, we tend to overlook the importance of the contributions of the Russian contemporaries of these chemists, despite their names-Saytzeff, Markovnikov. Favorskii and Zelinsky, to name just a few - appearing widely in most undergraduate organic chemistry textbooks. Moreover, relatively few English-speaking organic chemists realize that some chemists who are almost universally considered German (Beilstein, Kishner, and Wagner of Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement fame) were, in fact, Russian. It is the purpose of this article to remedy some of this oversight on the part of English-speaking chemists, and to focus on the contributions of the University of Kazan, in particular.
Before beginning the history of the Kazan school of chemistry, the reader will be well served by some pertinent information about the Russian educational system of the 19th century. Each department was headed by a professor, who occupied a chair. In order to occupy a chair of chemistry, one had to obtain the degree of doctor of chemistry by writing and defending a dissertation. However, the scope of the oral examination was not restricted to demonstration of only one subject as the most modern oral presentation and the candidate was required to demonstrate a knowledge of chemistry in all its sub-disciplines. Prior to obtaining the doctoral degree, a student wrote dissertations for the degree of "kandidat" and for the degree of master of chemistry. The degree of kandidat was somewhere between a modern master's and doctoral degree in level. The master of chemistry was a higher qualification (the master's dissertation had to be defended orally), and it was a necessary pre-requisite for obtaining the rank of professor at a Russian university. Until the end of the 19th century, by which time there were many eminent Russian chemists, it was tradition for students to write their kandidat dissertation and to leave Russia for a period of study abroad, after which they would return to write their master's and doctoral dissertations.
The University of Kazan:
The University of Kazan was founded in 1804. The courses of study were divided into four faculties Physics-Mathematics, Law, Medicine and History-Philosophy. Despite its provincial status, it has numbered among its chemistry graduates and faculty some of the finest minds of Russian organic chemistry. What may be surprising to the reader is the fact that at many of these chemists (Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Zaitsev, and Egor Egorevich Vagner to name just three) actually began their undergraduate studies as law or economics students in the faculty of law. At the University of Kazan, any student studying law or finance was required to take two years of chemistry as part of the course of study.
The professor of chemistry held his chair in the Physics-Mathematics Academy of the university, and much of the notable research carried out by the chemists at Kazan appeared first in the Bulletin of the Physics-Mathematics Academy. There was no separate Chemistry Department until after the turn of the 20th century. Despite the high caliber of the research carried out by the chemists at Kazan, the university remained small, and its reputation remained overshadowed by those of the Universities of St. Petersburg and Moscow. Consequently, most of the eminent Russian chemists of the 19th century became so only after they moved from Kazan: Butlerov to St. Petersburg, Markovnikov to Moscow, Vagner to Warsaw, and Reformatsky to Kiev.
Zinin and the Rise of
the Chemistry School
The rise of the chemistry school at Kazan may be attributed to one man, Nikolai Nikolaevich Zinin (1812-1880) (1), who graduated from Kazan in 1836, and who was appointed professor of technical chemistry there in 1841 after spending three years studying abroad in western Europe (including a year spent in the laboratories of Justus Liebig In Glessen. His colleague at Kazan was prof. Klaus, the discoverer of ruthenium. However, the two men were of completely different mind when it came to chemistry. Klaus was a conservative, and he held strongly to the views of Berzelius. On the other hand, Zinin had been introduced to the ideas of Gerhardt and Laurent while in Europe, and he imparted them to his own students. His vitality was in stark contrast to Klaus' stodginess, and it was Zinin who was largely responsible for the growth of the chemistry school at Kazan.
While in Liebig's
laboratories Zinin studied the reactions of benzoyl compounds. His first
paper there concerned the benzilic acid from benzil (2), whose synthesis
from benzoin he also described. In fact, it was while in Liebig's laboratories
that Zinin wrote his doctoral dissertation on the benzoin condensation,
which he defended at the University of St. Petersburg in 1841. In 1848,
Zinin was appointed to a professorship at the Academy of Medicine and Surgery
of the University of St. Petersburg, where he continued to attract bright
young students, among them the renowned chemist-composer Aleksandr Porfirevich
Borodin (1833-1887), discoverer of the aldol (3) and Hunsdiecker-Borodin
Butlerov and His Influence
While at Kazan, Zinin and Klaus educated one of the most influential chemists of the next generation, Aleksandr Mikhailovich Butlerov (1828-1886) (8). Butlerov was a student at the University of Kazan from 1844 to 1849, where Zinin persuaded him to study chemistry. However, after Zinin left for St. Petersburg, Butlerov lost interest in chemistry in large part because he was not inspired by the extremely traditional Berzelian views held by Klaus. In fact, Butlerov wrote his kandidat thesis in entomology ("Diurnal Butterflies of Volga-Ural Fauna," based on the results of an excursion to the Volga-Ural region of Russia). One of his life-long interests was apiculture, and his articles on the subject were published after his death (9). However, following his graduation from Kazan in 1849, Butlerov began to teach chemistry there. His master's thesis, which he defended in 1851, gave little indication of the highly creative and original individual responsible for it, although it did give the first report of his work on osmic acid oxidation of organic compounds (10). His doctoral thesis, likewise, was mainly a historical summary of essential oils; however, it was sufficient for him to obtain his doctor of chemistry from the University of Moscow in 1854 (although not after a fight it had originally been submitted to the University of Kazan, but one of the three examiners did not feel that it was of sufficient merit to warrant the award of the degree). Following his graduation, he was promoted to professor. From 1852, when Klaus moved to Dorpat, Butlerov taught all the chemistry courses at the University of Kazan. On two occasions during his last three years at Kazan, Butlerov was Rector of the University.
From 1857 to
1858, Butlerov travelled abroad. During his travels he met Kekule, whom
he much admired from the beginning of their friendship, and Erlenmeyer.
For six months (December 1857-May 1858) he worked in the laboratories of
Charles Adolphe Wurtz in Paris, where he may have had the opportunity to
interact with Wurtz' student, Archibald Scott Couper. At this time, Paris
was a vibrant center of organic chemistry research, and it was during this
trip that Butlerov was exposed to the new ideas of structure in organic
chemistry. He embraced them avidly (11). By 1860, Butlerov had developed
his own structural theory of organic chemistry, which, according to Markovnikov,
he had begun expounding in his lectures by 1860. It was Butlerov who first
used the term chemical structure with its modem meaning. In addition to
his theoretical work, Butlerov also carried out research in organic synthesis.
The reaction between acid chlorides and dialkylzincs to give tertiary alcohols,
the Butlerov reaction, was discovered in 1864 (12), and was the first reaction
to permit the synthesis of a tertiary alcohol, whose existence had been
predicted by Hermann Kolbe in 1860 based on the type theory of Dumas.
In May 1868, Butlerov was appointed as Professor of Chemistry at the University of St. Petersburg, although, at the request of the board of governors of the University of Kazan, he did not actually leave until January of the following year. At St. Petersburg, he continued to attract "disciples" of the highest caliber, among them Alexei Evgrafovich Favorskii (1860-1945). A man ahead of his times in many ways, Butlerov promoted the higher education of women and knew the importance of maintaining a good rapport with the general public. He organized university courses for women and regularly gave public lectures on chemical topics. He also relished a fight: in 1874. and again in 1880, he and Zinin jointly proposed Mendeleev for membership in the Russian Academy of Sciences. When Mendeleev was denied membership on both occasions. Butlerov did not hesitate to use public opinion to block the candidacy of the opposing faction's nominee, Beilstein, and he wrote an open letter in the public newspapers to gain popular support for his point of view. In later life, Butlerov became a devotee of spiritualism (16}.
Butlerov's senior student at Kazan was Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov. Markovnikov (27) began his studies at the University of Kazan as a student in law, but he was captivated by the lectures of Butlerov, and immediately after his graduation in 1860 with a degree in economics he became Butlerov's assistant. In 1865, Markovnikov took his master's degree and then left Russia on a fellowship for foreign study, where he years, two years in Germany, mainly in the laboratories of Richard Erienmeyer, in Heidelberg, and Hermann Kolbe, in Leipzig. He was, therefore, in Kolbe's laboratories immediately after his fellow student Zaitsev. In 1867, Markovnikov returned to Kazan as a junior faculty member in chemistry, and he immediately began work on his doctoral dissertation. His degree of doctor of chemistry was awarded in 1869 with Butlerov as the formal opponent (chief examiner).
Markovnikov's status as Butlerov's assistant, and the fact that he had substituted for him in the lecture courses in organic chemistry while Butlerov was abroad, made Markovnikov the logical choice to succeed his mentor at Kazan. However, his irascible nature and his progressive ideas were some cause for concern to the university administration (to the extent that they decided to appoint two professors to replace Butlerov instead of one). His biographers all point out his willingness to participate in scientific arguments with his conservative mentor, Kolbe. Anyone who would venture to argue with the European dean of organic chemistry was likely to prove to be a formidable opponent, indeed. Despite their misgivings, the University Council appointed Markovnikov as extraordinary professor of chemistry in 1868 and promoted him to ordinary professor in 1870. They had planned to appoint a fellow Butlerov student, Aleksandr Nikolaevich Popov (d. 1881), as his colleague, even before he had written his master's thesis. In 1869 Popov wrote a brilliant master's thesis on structural theory, but he was not of robust health, and the thought of acting as a buffer between the forceful Markovnikov and the university administration may have daunted him. Despite Markovnikov's strong support for him. He accepted the chair of chemistry at the University of Warsaw, instead (18). In many ways, this may have been fortunate for the University of Kazan because Popov accomplished nothing further of note after his arrival in Warsaw (although he did begin the long and fruitful association between the University of Kazan and universities in Poland).
time as professor at Kazan, Markovnikov began the research into orientation
effects in addition reactions that led to his formulation of what we call
Markovnikov's Rule (19). Interestingly, much of Markovnikov's work, especially
his theoretical papers, appeared only in Russian. He was intensely nationalistic,
and although he frequently bemoaned the backwater conditions under which
Russian scientists worked, he never considered taking an appointment in
any other country. By publishing his best work only in Russian journals
he believed that he was helping the cause of Russian chemistry. | <urn:uuid:ab492402-1b5c-4c18-b069-d5bf00ca0f2d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chem.kstu.ru/butlerov_comm/vol1/cd-a1/data/symposium/Inform/History1.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280310.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00184-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.978241 | 2,844 | 2.21875 | 2 |
The life cycle of Bacillus anthracis involves two cellular states, both of which function in establishing a productive infection. The dormant spores are able to escape immune defenses and become engulfed by macrophages, where the spores germinate to generate actively growing vegetative cells that perpetuate the disease condition. The B. anthracis genes that are induced in the macrophage upon germination include the ortholog of the global transcriptional regulator, Spx, an ArsC protein family member, which in Gram-positive bacteria activates genes that function in the oxidative stress response. Spx is highly conserved in Gram-positive bacteria, and has been implicated in the expression of virulence determinants in Listeria and Staphylococcus.. It is kept at low concentrations by proteolytic control that is exerted by the protease ClpXP and a substrate-binding adaptor protein YjbH. B. anthracis contains two paralogous (SpxA1 and SpxA2) forms of spx that are expressed at different stages of the life cycle. The objective of the proposed project is to define the regulons controlled by both Spx paralogs using microarray hybridization analysis. Mutant versions of the B. anthracis spx genes encoding protease resistant forms of SpxA1 and SpxA2 will be introduced into B. anthracis by conjugation using the B. subtilis ICEBs1 element. We will verify the microarray results in vivo by RT-PCR and by reconstructing Spx-dependent activation of transcription in vitro of genes identified in microarray analysis as requiring Spx for induction. We will determine which stage of the life cycle (vegetative growth versus sporulation) the Spx regulons are expressed. We will determine if both Spx-activated transcription and control of Spx stability is affected by changes in redox balance by treating cultures with oxidants known to induce Spx activity in B. subtilis. The phenotype of null mutations in both spx paralogs, of the spx double mutant will be examined with respect to oxidant sensitivity and Spx-controlled gene expression. Lastly, we will determine if holoenzymes bearing both paralogous Spx proteins recognize a distinct set of promoters, different from those recognized by either SpxA1 and SpxA2 holoenzyme forms. The findings will provide information pertaining to the roles of the two Spx paralogs in the B. anthracis life cycle and pathogenesis. The project will also develop and exploit a new tool in the genetic manipulation of B. anthracis, highlighted by the use of the interspecies conjugation system mediated by the B. subtilis ICEBs1 conjugative element.
The cause of Anthrax is the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Upon infection, the anthrax spore enters the human immune defense cell and begins a transformation from spore into a growing, virulent bacterium. This is accomplished through activation of the bacterial processes that promote growth and defense against the toxic oxidative attack mounted by the human immune system. The Spx protein, a known regulator of the oxidative stress response, is one of the first control factors produced by the invading bacterium, and understanding its role in Bacillus anthracis gene expression will provide clues to the virulence mechanisms that are active during infection.
|Nakano, Michiko M; Kominos-Marvell, Wren; Sane, Bhagyashree et al. (2014) spxA2, encoding a regulator of stress resistance in Bacillus anthracis, is controlled by SaiR, a new member of the Rrf2 protein family. Mol Microbiol 94:815-27|
|Barendt, Skye; Lee, Hyunwoo; Birch, Cierra et al. (2013) Transcriptomic and phenotypic analysis of paralogous spx gene function in Bacillus anthracis Sterne. Microbiologyopen 2:695-714| | <urn:uuid:003d89fb-8552-4c8f-859c-2b921f0c1bb6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-AI092313-02 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00460-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.886588 | 837 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Is the sun or the moon more important?
The sun. We might be able to survive without the moon - although some scientists debate this - but all life on earth would perish without the sun.
Join Alexa Answers
Help make Alexa smarter and share your knowledge with the worldLEARN MORE | <urn:uuid:4de59bf3-c1f5-442c-acaf-8f6a6f83bcfa> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://alexaanswers.amazon.com/question/1IzRZ1iLX5VWy2lmUWLtJg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.877153 | 63 | 1.75 | 2 |
Over deze norm
1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical property measurements on polymeric materials, including solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or sources identified.
1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and the year of the last review or revision is appended.
1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM committee.
1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical measurements are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.
|Nederlandse titel||Standard Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties|
|Engelse titel||Standard Terminology for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties| | <urn:uuid:e382a230-a5a8-4b8d-afd4-5112214ce9d8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/ASTM-D4092072013.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00250-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.850322 | 193 | 2.828125 | 3 |
Henry Craik, ed. English Prose. 1916. Vol. II. Sixteenth Century to the Restoration
By John Donne (15721631)
From Sermon to the Prince and Princess Palatine
HERE then salvation is eternal salvation; not the outward seals of the church upon the person, not visible sacraments, nor the outward seal of the person to the church, visible works, nor the inward seal of the Spirit, assurance here, but fruition, possession of glory, in the kingdom of heaven; where we shall be infinitely rich, and that without labour in getting, or care in keeping, or fear in losing; and fully wise, and that without ignorance of necessary, or study of unnecessary knowledge, where we shall not measure our portion by acres, for all heaven shall be all ours; nor our term by years, for it is life and everlasting life; nor our assurance by precedent, for we shall be safer than the angels themselves were in the creation; where our exaltation shall be to have a crown of righteousness, and our possession of that crown shall be, even the throwing it down at the feet of the Lamb; where we shall leave off all those petitions of Adveniat regnum, Thy kingdom come, for it shall be come in abundant power; and the Da nobis hodie, Give us this day our daily bread, for we shall have all that which we can desire now, and shall have a power to desire more, and then have that desire so enlarged, satisfied; and the Libera nos, we shall not pray to be delivered from evil, for no evil, culpæ or pnæ, either of sin to deserve punishment, or of punishment for our former sins, shall offer at us: where we shall see God face to face, for we shall have such notions and apprehensions as shall enable us to see him, and he shall afford such an imparting, such a manifestation of himself, as he shall be seen by us; and where we shall be as inseparably united to our Saviour, as His humanity and divinity are united together; this unspeakable, this unimaginable happiness is this salvation, and therefore let us be glad when this is brought near us.
And this is brought nearer and nearer unto us, as we come nearer and nearer to our end. As he that travels weary, and late towards a great city, is glad when he comes to a place of execution, because he knows that is near the town: so when thou comest to the gate of death, glad of that, for it is but one step from that to thy Jerusalem. Christ hath brought us in some nearness to salvation, as he is vere Salvator mundi, in that we know, that this is indeed the Christ, the Saviour of the world: and He hath brought it nearer than that, as he is Salvator corporis sui, in that we know that Christ is the head of the church, and the Saviour of that body: and nearer than that, as he is Salvator tuus Sanctus, in that we know, he is the Lord our God, the Holy One of Israel, our Saviour: but nearest of all, in the Ecce Salvator tuus venit, Behold thy salvation cometh. It is not only promised in the prophets, nor only writ in the Gospel, nor only sealed in the sacraments, nor only prepared in the visitations of the Holy Ghost, but, ecce, behold it, now, when thou canst behold nothing else: the sun is setting to thee, and that for ever; thy houses and furniture, thy gardens and orchards, thy titles and offices, thy wife and children are departing from thee, and that for ever; a cloud of faintness is come over thine eyes, and a cloud of sorrow over all theirs; when his hand that loves thee best hangs tremblingly over thee to close thine eyes ecce Salvator tuus venit, behold then a new light, thy Saviours hand shall open thine eyes, and in His light thou shalt see light; and thus shalt see, that though in the eyes of men thou lie upon that bed, as a statue on a tomb, yet in the eyes of God, thou standest as a colossus, one foot in one, another in another land; one foot in the grave, but the other in heaven; one hand in the womb of the earth, and the other in Abrahams bosom; and then vere prope, salvation is truly near thee, and nearer than when thou believedst, which is our last word. | <urn:uuid:40ff0c04-ea50-4623-b31d-683f0a7d5cc9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://bartleby.com/209/267.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282202.61/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00552-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954574 | 956 | 2.234375 | 2 |
I believe in family. Not always the biological part of family but not putting that aside. I have three adopted sisters that some people would say that they are not really apart of the family. Then you have to think about what defines a family. There famous saying that is takes a village to raise a child, isn’t that a family. Where my sisters come from is a different life that I knew growing up. What I didn’t understand me being at the time the oldest of three why their mothers and fathers could just abandon and not take care of their kids. Watching sister screaming in the hospital going through drug withdrawals two days after birth; Seeing my other two sisters scared of men and hiding food just to make sure they have something to eat later. I didn’t understand why the innocent children had to pay for the mistakes of their parents. To this day after adopting my two sisters, watching them go through anxiety and separation issues tears at my heart to see them still struggling.
The only thing that makes me feel better about their situations now is that they are in a better environment than they were before. That they will be able to look at their family now and say that they are loved and have a family to take care of them. Some say that you can’t get away from your past or where you come from. This is where the people are wrong. It is the environment that you grow up in and the decisions that you make as a person that defines who you are. It doesn’t matter how your parents lived, or how their parents live. It matters how you live. A true family is a unit that loves each other no matter what happens or where you come from. The only thing that matters when you are in a family is the unconditional love and support that is freely given to whoever even though they are adopted in.
When I was younger and didn’t understand about parents treating their own children like that. As I look back I know they weren’t trying to be bad people or bad parents. But the choices they made and the life they lived gave our family three beautiful and bright sisters. Though they are adopted in it doesn’t feel like that if feels that they were meant to be with our family all along.
If you enjoyed this essay, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to This I Believe, Inc. | <urn:uuid:ca6689ce-5429-4471-9390-55fc35bad543> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://thisibelieve.org/essay/64471/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00218-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.989261 | 488 | 1.6875 | 2 |
Digital Fan Regulator project is developed for the users to control the operations of a fan using Microcontroller PIC 16F73.
It consists of a key pad, Display and microcontroller unit. The user can set the speed of the fan using key pad.
The user settings are displayed in the LCD display. According to the values set by the user, the microcontroller sends signal to the relay section through driver section.
Four relays are connected with a wire wound variable resistor. The fan is connected with the N/O of the relays.
The Microcontroller controls the driver section to operate the relays for the operation of the fan. By this way, the user can control the speed of the fan in digital manner | <urn:uuid:f3ab2cef-6762-44f1-8ae7-df364e32aa84> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.seminarsonly.com/Engineering-Projects/Embedded/Digital-Fan-Regulator.php | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00498-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.881984 | 149 | 3 | 3 |
However, after that early infatuation fades most people experience a healthy and balanced changeover so you can accessory stage — where psychological intensity subsides, and you can a safe thread and you may partnership happen, one according to trust, regard, and you may companionship.
Compulsive people never see through early compulsive phase– and here like can become an unhealthy fanatical love (that isn’t true love).
Pursuing the early stage fixation more than a partner and relationship continues. It intensifies. And can even fall and rise according to what are you doing when you look at the the relationship.
Preoccupation and intrusive considering would be at the their peak when an enthusiastic fanatical partner feels declined (genuine otherwise thought of) because of the its like object.
2. When a relationship finishes courtesy a break up or separation and divorce (need not be a committed you to or lasting).
Certain fanatical partners get into matchmaking having narcissistic individuals. Other people get involved in love avoidant anybody (narcissists are avoidant)-they are both unresponsive towards means of their companion and you can tend in order to continuously avoid intimacy and you will intimacy.
Whether you are linked to anybody avoidant and you can/or narcissistic – you are able to frequently become refused or given up because of the their behaviors and incapacity to reply when you look at the secure ways, thus creating undesired considering and you will thinking out-of abandonment.
Whether courtesy some slack-up, separation and divorce, otherwise a relationship target leaving– if body is no longer attainable, painful consumed advice could arrive at its peak with the obsessed (get a hold of love detachment ). And it will getting devastating.
In extreme situations (less frequent), compulsive love is harmful otherwise deadly whenever a beneficial fixated companion are refuted otherwise pushed away of the a love appeal- get a hold of pathological fanatical love
When you are impression trapped it is time to take care of your self and you may do something positive about they. Even if getting rid of the fixated temper is not effortless, it’s crucial that you create. And is you can.
Very regardless if you are enthusiastic about an ex boyfriend-date, ex-spouse or ex boyfriend-partner otherwise ex-wife– this type of “breaking fixation” processes can help you come across quality and you can relaxed. You’re amazed because of the just how productive they’re to help you help you.
Ideas on how to Stop obsessing More an ex boyfriend : Her or him
Accept you’re obsessed with people in fact it is a challenge your need target. Once we are prepared to take on duty getting points within existence, suit alter and you will progress feel you are able to. Greeting seems like a trivial matter, however it is maybe not. It will be the 1st step https://datingmentor.org/cs/russian-dating-cs/ of getting the place you have to go- to prevent the fresh new substandard fixation.
Accept you are obsessed with one, that you will be responsible- and it’s really difficulty you would like (want) to address.
Make your admission so you’re able to on your own and you can consult with your heart whenever doing so. You could say to your self something such as: “I am enthusiastic about this individual. This is not my blame, but it is my personal obligations to act to help you overcome they. And i also will perform just that.”
Compulsive lovers will put their target out of passion toward a good pedestal otherwise view him or her because the omnipotent, ‘better-than’, otherwise impractical to exchange. that will be a good thing if the the guy/she actually is an enthusiastic avoidant or a great narcissist). Although not, it considering is actually a beneficial delusion. Not one person deserves to be into the good pedestal above you (or myself, or any other) regardless of how wise, charming, profitable, or good-looking.
1. VISUALIZE: Visualize anyone you happen to be infatuated with. Imagine your/the woman as really small and yourself towering more and you can getting so it absolutely nothing individual along with your hands and you may getting your/the girl within the a package. Today consider putting your entire fanatical view and you can placing her or him in the package having your/the girl. After you do this- envision your self closing it sweet and you may tight. | <urn:uuid:d483c5b5-afc1-437e-a16a-1dc4aae07c69> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://mimidea.com.ua/2022/05/18/preoccupied-more-an-ex-immediately-after-a/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573399.40/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818185216-20220818215216-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.937795 | 943 | 1.546875 | 2 |
Cayenne or chili pepper is a plant which has long been used to treat a range of medicinal conditions. Problems of the digestive system, headaches, rheumatic pain and sluggish circulation are among the ailments for which traditional herbalists have employed cayenne. The fruits of the plant are distinguished by their heat. This characteristic comes from a metabolite called capsaicin. This chemical may serve a protective function for the plant, as it prevents animals from foraging upon it. For humans, the heat effect of capsaicin has been shown to help diminish pain by countering the effect of other irritants. Taken internally, it increases metabolism, improves blood flow and can help with dyspepsia. Cayenne can help to prevent strokes because capsaicin interferes with the aggregation of platelets in the blood.
: Start with taking 1 capsule three times daily, preferably with food.
Serving Size: 1 Capsule(s)
|Ingredients||Per Serving||% DV|
|Cayenne pepper (Fruit)|| 450 mg ||*|
|* Daily Value Not Established|
Notes: If you suffer from heartburn hiatal hernia, gastritis, or peptic ulcer disease, please consult your healthcare professional before using this product. Excessive doses may cause GI irritation in sensitive individuals.
Freshness & safety sealed with printed outer shrinkwrap and printed inner seal. Do not use if either seal is broken or missing. Keep out of reach of children.
Other Ingredients: Gelatin (capsule)
QUALITY AND POTENCY GUARANTEED | <urn:uuid:a19ca367-379e-48b4-a5f1-9e3fba15d903> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.vitabase.com/supplements/vitamins-minerals/herbs/natures-way-cayenne.aspx | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284411.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00457-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.889462 | 328 | 2.453125 | 2 |
At a Glance
About this Case
Illinois’ highest court selects its judges through partisan elections. This case reached that court in 2002 following a $1.05 billion verdict against State Farm Mutual Auto. Ins. Company. While the case was pending, a new judge was elected to the Illinois Supreme Court, who received more than $1 million in direct and indirect campaign contributions from State Farm and groups affiliated with State Farm. The judge refused to disqualify himself and then cast the deciding vote in favor of State Farm overturning the verdict. The petition for certiorari raised the question whether a judge receiving such financial support from a party and its supporters, while that party’s case is pending before him, may cast the deciding vote in that case consistent with the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. | <urn:uuid:43a191f2-a3cc-47c8-8c48-2ada2bf456ff> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://campaignlegal.org/cases-actions/avery-v-state-farm-mutual-automobile-insurance-co | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573172.64/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818063910-20220818093910-00276.warc.gz | en | 0.970645 | 170 | 1.539063 | 2 |
After releasing a slew of software including a full operating system and Office 365, Microsoft is again taking to the limelight after it made known its new $100 million investment for a new technology center based in Rio de Janeiro.
The company plans to have the center as the abode to an advanced laboratory, a research and development platform for the company’s Bing search engine. In what seems to be a move to give back to society, Microsoft (News - Alert) intends that the center be a business incubator that works towards identifying and improving on local Internet technology startups.
The Rio establishment will reside in an abandoned 18th century building located in the city’s downtown port, and will join three other such facilities already existing in Germany, Israel and Egypt. In actuality, IT hub can be seen as a stride in making the town over in preparation for the 2016 Olympic Games.
Above, the new Microsoft Surface Tablet
Speaking during the launch of the establishment, local officials are optimistic that the investment from Microsoft will help in their effort to transform the town into an IT hub. The center is the fruit of a year-long negotiation with the Brazilian Government that led to the isolation of technology as a pinnacle in the journey to increase the country’s global competitiveness.
It is, however, quite evident that the move by Microsoft is also a strategic one, as it places it into a pool of other giants such as Lenovo, IBM, Cisco (News - Alert), GE and Foxconn – all who are making efforts in moving their research and operations into the region. In fact, prior to the expression of interest in creating the IT hub, Microsoft had gone public on its plan to manufacture Xbox 360s in Brazil.
The construction will turn Porto Maravilha into Rio’s hi-tech district by equipping it with state-of-the-art services and infrastructure. For instance, there will be fiber-to-the-home and fiber-to-the-premises broadband infrastructure. This connectivity lays the backbone for Internet-based development by improving the current Internet connectivity capacity from 100MB to 1GB. Port authorities still retain their optimism and hope that in the next decade, they will be able to deliver 10GB capacity to homes and businesses.
Want to learn more about the latest in communications and technology? Then be sure to attend ITEXPO Miami 2013, Jan 29- Feb. 1 in Miami, Florida. Stay in touch with everything happening at ITEXPO (News - Alert). Follow us on Twitter. | <urn:uuid:6e10148f-e442-40b2-b93e-c325cc97bb35> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://it.tmcnet.com/topics/it/articles/2012/11/12/315679-microsoft-dedicates-100-million-building-rio-de-janeiro.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721387.11/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00448-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.949418 | 517 | 1.75 | 2 |
Skip to Content
The tragedy of Romeo and Juliet - Shakespeare’s great romantic play - has inspired composers, opera producers, and ballet directors for centuries. Here is a selection of some of the greatest musical versions.
When Prokofiev first presented his music to the Bolshoi Ballet, they claimed it was ‘undanceable’. Suites of the music were heard in Moscow and the U.S.A. before the full ballet premiered in Czechoslovakia in 1938. Its popular 'Dance of the Knights' is used as the theme for TV's 'The Apprentice'. Pictured are Tamara Rojo and Roberto Bolle in a 1998 Royal Albert Hall production.
Powered by Facebook | <urn:uuid:d3a9a56d-127e-4fa5-9ece-10f6afe22f99> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.classicfm.com/discover-music/latest/romeo-and-juliet-music/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00494-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952831 | 149 | 1.867188 | 2 |
How to be Adaptable While Sticking to Business Fundamentals
Since the beginning of trade routes and camel trains, there has been a need for transportation. A need that has only grown exponentially with our constant commercial evolution and the resulting drive to get everything done better and faster.
With all the technological advances in the last 5 years, the world needs information and products “yesterday” which is why companies are constantly searching for an innovative way and idea that will revolutionize existing processes. Innovation is defined by the Dictionary as “a new product, idea or process”, and while there is no point in reinventing the wheel there is always room for improvement. However, one cannot lose focus of the three basic building blocks that make a success out of the supply chain industry. Profit, reliability and service. The supply chain industry is a fast paced and constantly evolving industry.
In order for businesses in supply chain management to keep abreast of the constant changes they need to be adaptable, all the while maintaining their focus on the fundamentals of basic good business practices. The question remains, how do we, as a business owner embrace innovation but keep in line with the traditional business basics and fundamentals?
The basic fundamentals are the same in which ever industry you are looking at and the supply chain and logistics industry is no different; while there are specifics that vary there are three key factors that remain the same: revenue, profitability and service.
In order to be a success, your business needs to grow and adapt with the latest technologies and trends, very important in the supply chain industry. Technologically speaking it is wise to keep abreast of social media for example, especially in the digital age.
In this technical age that we find ourselves in, it is imperative that you and your company’s I.T. systems are up to date; you can’t be the only company on the block that is manually capturing data; it is; therefore wise and some might say prudent to invest in a decent, solid computer/ I.T system. Your business needs an I.T system that is versatile and adaptable to the constant changing environment and technological advancements.
Mobility and mobile technology is key to success in today’s technologically geared workplace, everything is connected to some cloud or other and we all have the ability to stay connected 24/7. We all have the ability and need to work from a different location in the past 5 years it has become imperative that we are able to connect remotely and work from our favourite coffee shop, the airplane – even while we are in the bathroom as we brush our teeth.
Even if you are on point and are leading the way in technical connectivity in the logistics industry you should not ignore the value of innovation, for every one success story, there are about 5 others waiting in the wings to take the number one spot. Thus, it is a good idea, no matter how great your reviews on “hello peter” or how many Facebook likes you have and the millions of retweets you get you must always be on the ball. The ideal way of approaching change is through a methodical and systematic process. Supply chain innovation | <urn:uuid:fc286ea9-3e57-4588-91a6-81180358ae20> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.dovetail.co.za/34406-2/amp/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.954915 | 650 | 1.664063 | 2 |
Thanks so much for your help so far rbalaji and Chevy. I printed out the article and was going just fine until I came unstuck at Instruction 10. At step 8 I noted (and in fact copied) the file path and name ... and as per step 10, went thru 'My Computer' and pasted the file path copied in step 8. I then got a message "You are attempting to open a file of type 'Office Data File' (.pst). These files are used ... etc."
I clicked on 'Open with ...' but then got another message "Windows cannot open this file ... what program created it?" I can't seem to progress from there!
Did I do something wrong? Do I need special software to open a .pst file (such as available from Pareto)? Thanks. | <urn:uuid:9a6f79db-917b-4622-8d3d-3856fde39442> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.techsupportforum.com/forums/f57/backing-up-outlook-2003-a-338745.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00391-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95886 | 169 | 1.96875 | 2 |
Author: Dan Brown
Book Review: Angels and Demons
Angels and demons, Robert Langdon’s first adventure, 569 pages. Extra: Before THE DA VINCI CODE was broken, the world lay at the mercy of ANGELS AND DEMONS.
Published by Pocket Books, a division of Simon & Schuster Inc., in 2000, New York.
“For Blythe…” (his wife)
Dan Brown, author of Digital Fortress, Angels and Demons, Deception Point and The Da Vinci Code. He lives in New England. Dan Brown is a graduate of Amherst College and Phillips Exeter Academy, where he spent his time as an English teacher. His wife Blythe is an art historian and painter, and she helps him with his research.
The cover of the book shows the Saint Peter’s Basilica (designed by Ric Ergenbert) and an image of a man running (designed by Thomas Hoeffegen)
The book is a thriller, with a big influence of art and history
The Catholic priest Leonardo Vetra has a dream: he wants to end the endless discussions between religion (The Catholic Church) and science, by removing the differences (like the creation of the universe). Vetra is also physicist at Switzerland’s well-known Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN). Recently, he has discovered how to produce antimatter. This is a very important discovery because antimatter is produced out of nothing. Pure energy is transformed into antimatter. With this theory, he can proof that the church was right when they say that God created something out of nothing (“let there be light”). Before he can announce his findings, Vetra is found murdered, and his chest is branded with the word Illuminati, and one of his eyes is cut out of his head.
CERN’s director, Max Kohler, tries to keep the knowledge of Vetra’s death from the media, but wants to know the significance of the brand and the missing eye. Kohler finds that a Harvard professor, Robert Langdon, is considered to be the world’s authority on symbology. Kohler has Langdon flown to CERN’s headquarters so he can question him. While Langdon is at
CERN, Vetra’s daughter, Vittoria Vetra, returns from a trip. Informed of her father’s death, Vittoria feels pushed to explain the dilemma her father faced with his discovery. Vetra had realized that although antimatter was a potentially cheap energy source, its improper use could lead to mass destruction, like nuclear energy now. Vittoria discovers that the large sample of antimatter has been stolen. A message left by a member of the Illuminati (an ancient secret brotherhood that fights against the Church) claims to have deposited the sample somewhere within Vatican City, where the cardinals have recently gathered to select a new pope. Vittoria explains that it is necessary that the stolen antimatter is recovered within a day to avoid detonation, because the batteries of the canister (in what the antimatter is stored) only last for 24 hours. From now on, the race has started. Langdon and Vittoria try to find the canister by finding the man who placed it. They find him by following the “path of the Illumination”, a secret path made out of 4 statues (the “altars of science”) that point out the direction. Each statue represents one of the four elements air, water, fire and earth. But the Illuminati terrorist doesn’t stop after one act: every hour, starting at 8 o’ clock, one of the four preferiti (the favourites between the cardinals to be elected as pope) is killed under a statue on the path of illumination. From now on, they not only have to find the antimatter, but they also need to thwart the murders. They don’t succeed in stopping the murders, but in the end, they find the Illuminati lair, where the terrorist is hiding. They kill him. Afterwards, they go back to the Vatican. The camerlengo knows suddenly where it is, but when they have it, it’s too late to bring it to CERN. The camerlengo and Robert then go into a Helicopter chopper, and fly as high as they can. They let the chopper go higher, and they both jump out of it. Langdon survives, and on the ground he and Vittoria discover the truth about the whole situation. It appears that the camerlengo has been the task maker for the terrorist, and that he has set up the whole plan. The camerlengo, once he finds out that the truth has come out, burns himself on top of St. Peters Cathedral. After all these events, we go to a new day, later. A new pope is elected, and Robert and Vittoria have survived all the horror, and enjoy a vacation in Rome.
The book is divided in chapters, and with almost every chapter change, the author changes of protagonist. E.g. in the first chapter, the protagonist is Robert Langdon, a Harvard professor, but in chapter 3 the protagonist is the hassasin (the terrorist). There are no flashbacks, but from time to time, because the protagonist changes, the reader gets to know more than the overall protagonist Robert Langdon.
The book is written in an authorial he-point of view, with changes of who the author “follows”. The reader knows as much as the protagonist (depending on which point of view).
The story is situated in Geneva and Rome (and in the beginning also in Massachusetts). The time in wich the story takes place is about 24 hours. The book starts at 5 am and ends shortly after midnight.
The main character is Robert Langdon. Langdon is a professor of religious iconology at Harvard University. He has written three books on symbology. He lives in a Victorian house. His house looks more like an anthropology museum than a home. He is forty yeas old, and has an “erudite” appeal. He has thick brown hair with wisps of grey, probing blue eyes, an arrestingly deep voice, and the strong carefree smile of a collegiate athlete. Langdon still has the body of a swimmer, a toned, six-foot physique that he maintains with fifty laps a day in the university pool. His campus nickname “The Dolphin” is a reference both to his affable nature and his legendary ability to dive into a pool and outmaneuver the entire opposing team in a water polo match.
The second character is Vittoria Vetra. She’s the (adopted) daughter of the murdered scientist Leonardo Vetra. She was doing biological research in the Balearic Sea when he was murdered. She is a Bio Entanglement Physicist: she studies the interconnectivity of life systems. Her actions ties closely with her father’s work in particle physics. She looked nothing like a bookish physicist. Lithe and graceful, she was tall with chestnut skin and long black hair. Her face is Italian, not overly beautiful, but possessing full, earthy features that even at twenty yards seemed to exude a raw sensuality. She’s a strict vegetarian and CERN’s resident guru of Hatha yoga
Another character is Maximilian Kohler. Kohler is the director general of CERN. He is known behind his back as Konig (=King). It’s a title more of fear than of respect for the figure who ruled over his property from a wheelchair throne. Although few know him personally, the horrible story of how he became crippled is well known at CERN, and there were few there who blamed him for his bitterness, and also for his dedication to science. He was a man who kept his distance. He has an almost computerized voice. He is a bit sick, and has dead grey eyes.
Other less important characters are: the hassasin (a terrorist who works for the illuminati, little is known about him, except that he is of eastern origin) the Camerlengo Carlo Ventresca (who is the substitute of the pope in the period between the pope’s dead and when the new pope is elected), Cardinal Mortari (the later pope) and Commander Olliveti (the highest in rank at the Swiss guard office).
The theme of the book is the everlasting twist between religion and science. The illuminati are an ancient brotherhood of scientists who want to break the power of the Church. In the early beginning, the illuminati only wanted to be free to do what they want to do: searching for answers, even if those answers are not the one of the Church. But now, the have become more violent: the want to destroy the Catholic Church by blowing up Vatican City. If the bomb explodes, the people will lose there faith in the Church because if God does exist, he wouldn’t let it happen.
There has always been a twist between religion and science, but not this hard. Leonardo Vetra has found a way to reunite them, but the illuminati don’t want it. They want the complete destruction of the Church.
Style, language register
The book is written in rather simple English, with certain scientific words. The story in the book is about science, religion and symbology, so the author uses specific words. For example, the story starts with the discovery of antimatter. To explain what antimatter is, you have to use scientific words, like “positrons”, “antiproton decelerator”…etc.
“The world’s largest scientific research facility –Switzerland’s Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN) - recently succeeded in producing the first particles of antimatter. Antimatter is identical to physical mat¬ter except that it is composed of particles whose electric charges are opposite to those found in normal matter. Antimatter is the most powerful energy source known to man. It releases energy with 100 percent effi¬ciency (nuclear fission is 1.5 percent efficient). Antimatter creates no pollution or radiation, and a droplet could power New York City for a full day.
There is, however, one catch...
Antimatter is highly unstable. It ignites when it comes in contact with absolutely anything . . . even air. A single gram of antimatter contains the energy of a 20-kiloton nuclear bomb—the size of the bomb dropped on Hiroshima.
Until recently antimatter has been created only in very small amounts (a few atoms at a time). But CERN has now broken ground on its new Antiproton Decelerator—an advanced antimatter production facility that promises to create antimatter in much larger quantities. One question looms: Will this highly volatile substance save the world, or will it be used to create the most deadly weapon ever made?”
Comparison with “The Da Vinci Code”
I also read The Da Vinci Code, another book of the same author (Dan Brown). The theme of both books is almost the same: they both talk about religion and its opponents. In Angels and Demons, the opponents are the Illuminati or, more in general, science. In The Da Vinci Code the opponent is the Priorate of Sion. As the story continues, Robert Langdon gets to know things by interpreting symbols. In the Da Vinci Code, they need it to find the Holy Grail, and in Angels and Demons to follow the path of illumination.
Another big significance is that Robert Langdon solves the mystery with the help of a woman. In the Da Vinci Code (Sophie Neveu) and in Angels and Demons (Vittoria Vetra), the woman is the daughter of a murdered professor. Both books begin with the murder on this professor. Also, Langdon gets good advice of a man, who helps them to solve the mystery. In the end, they aren’t the one who they seem to be. In The Da Vinci Code, the man is called Teabing, and in Angels and Demons Carlo Ventresca.
Appreciating the book
I really enjoyed reading the book, because it reads very fast. Because the tension in the story never ends, you don’t want to stop reading. I also like the fact that the book is based on scientific facts: some things look like science-fiction, but they really do exist (like antimatter, the x-33 space plane which can travel at a speed of mach 15…). That makes the book this interesting. I already read the Da Vinci Code, but at my opinion, Angels and Demons is better. I like book of which you can learn things on a very interesting way (not school books). I’m thinking of reading another book of Dan Brown, just because the other ones were very good. Another interesting thing in the book is the use of ambigrams. Ambigrams are words written in such a way, that you can read them normally, but also upside down. E.g. the title of the book (see front page), the Illuminati diamond…etc. | <urn:uuid:268687cf-5828-4e9a-8480-74c249bfa91a> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.scholieren.com/verslag/boekverslag-engels-angels-demons-door-dan-brown-60340 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00470.warc.gz | en | 0.960386 | 2,817 | 1.671875 | 2 |
What was made Saddam back in the days of desert storm to attack Kuwait; was it oil or USA assurance in helping him out secretly?
Did USA show false satellite images to Saudis & media of Iraqi tanks approaching Saudi Arabia? Were the troops counted lakhs as USA claimed or were a mere above 1000? Did USA wanted eagerly for Saddam to attack Kuwait for them to approach it with a adulterated intention of freeing it??
To get an answer all these questions do take 45min break to see the following documentary
[3 parts] @mediafire.com
Use HJsplit to join these files
be downloaded at | <urn:uuid:1c598a64-1fc9-4821-8dcd-f9a086e3f52c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://defencedog.blogspot.com/2011/02/hidden-wars-of-desert-storm-year-2000.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279368.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00323-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.840743 | 126 | 1.679688 | 2 |
(i) how school library programs can be further developed to ensure that the programs reflect changing technology and best serve the students; (ii) how many schools in each district have a school library and a credentialed school librarian and in how many schools is the librarian a full-time position; (iii) the ratio of students per credentialed school librarian; (iv) what other support staff work in the school library program; (v) how employees are scheduled to work in school libraries; (vi) the hours school libraries are open each week for students and faculty to use; (vii) how many hours each week school librarians provide direct library-related instruction to students; (viii) the number of computers in school libraries for students to access; (ix) the size and age of the collection in each school library and the extent to which electronic and digital materials are available for students to access; (x) the extent to which electronic and digital materials are available for students to access remotely; and (xi) current funding per student for school library materials and services (The 189th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts).
MSLA members Kendall Boninti (MSLA Legislative Chair) and Judi Paradis (MSLA Past-President) serve on the Commission. The research study is being developed by Drs. Carol Gordon and Robin Cicchetti (MSLA members).
On Saturday, September 12th, sixteen MSLA members met in the Westborough High School Library to participate in a pilot of the S.1906 survey. The school librarians who participated came from across the state, and represented schools and students from pre-K to postgraduate years. The rich and thoughtful feedback generated during the pilot will be invaluable to the revisions and the power of the final survey. The pilot study participants were Leigh Barnes, Maya Bery, Kendall Boninti, Anita Cellucci, Laura D’Elia, Maria D’Orsi, Kristin Foti, Barbara Gogan, Keri Johnson, Connie Long, Claudia Palframan, Judi Paradis, Chris Steinhauser, Nancy Stenberg, Carrie Tucker, and Jennifer Varney.
The state studies from New Jersey (2010), Pennsylvania (2012), and Washington State (2014) have all confirmed findings of previous state studies that the presence of an effective school library program positively impacts student achievement regardless of economic disparities. The Massachusetts pilot study was generated using the eleven domains outlined in the legislation. Ultimately, the study will provide a snapshot of school libraries across the state, and will generate conclusions around issues of equitable access to the instruction and resources available to students, the factors that enable a successful school library program, and the barriers to equitable access for all students.
The study is designed in two phases. Phase I is a quantitative survey that will provide hard data in the form of a “snapshot” of school libraries in the state. For example, currently we do not know what percentage of schools have library programs, or how many programs are being run by licensed school librarians. Other hard data from domains such as instruction, collection information, funding sources, staffing ratios, technology, and hours of access, will help generate conclusions about the equity and access to the instruction and resources available through the school library for Massachusetts students. Phase I is designed to obtain crucial baseline data from every school from all 351 districts and scheduled for launch in mid-October, and preliminary analysis is scheduled to be delivered in March, 2016.
Phase II of the survey will be comprised of a series of focus groups and will generate qualitative data. During this phase school librarians will be asked to share their experiences and insights across the eleven domains listed in the legislation, providing feedback and richer context on the Phase I data. The result of the Massachusetts study will be “formal guidelines for school library facilities, budget, staffing, collection development and curriculum standards for school library programs” (The 189th General Court of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts).
Court (Mass. 2014). Retrieved from https://malegislature.gov/Bills/188/Senate/S1906
PA School Library Project (Ed.). (2015, July 14). Pennsylvania School Library Study: Findings and Conclusions. Retrieved
September 13, 2015, from PA School Library Project website: http://paschoollibraryproject.org/home
Todd, R. J., Gordon, C. A., & Lu, Y.-L. (2010, July). Report of findings and recommendations of the New Jersey School Library
Survey. Retrieved from http://cissl.rutgers.edu/images/stories/docs/njasl_phase_1.pdf
The Washington State School Library Impact Study (Washington Library Media Association, Comp.). (2015, April).
Retrieved from https://wala.memberclicks.net/assets/WLMA/Advocacy/wsslit%20exec%20summary%204.7.15.pdf
Robin Cicchetti is the librarian at Concord-Carlisle Regional High School | <urn:uuid:1bc55242-bcd4-44e4-9391-666016953f42> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.maschoolibraries.org/newsletter/academic-column-from-legislation-to-action-equitable-access-to-school-libraries-in-massachusetts | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281649.59/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00448-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.922874 | 1,045 | 2.3125 | 2 |
It's been a whole week of Apple, as iOS 6 found its way onto devices and the iPhone 5.
You don't have to have an iPhone 5 to enjoy or have a gripe with iOS 6. Many users have expressed their, and how some parts of it might be considered as being a step backwards. It's getting pretty heated out there, but with Google stating that it'll release its own app for iOS, there'll probably be enough choice for everyone soon enough.
And yesterday morning, a hiccup with Apple's website resulted in a global incident where users couldn't connect to Wi-Fi networks. So how does one website affect Wi-Fi? Apparently, the new operation system calls home first, and if it can't connect, it won't let users connect to the network at all. This means that if admins block Apple's website on purpose,, they can effectively block Apple devices from the network. We can see admins in BYOD-unfriendly workplaces rubbing their hands together with glee.
But if you do have an iPhone 5 and are loving its smaller size and heft to use it with one hand, we've cheekily put together a. It doesn't include abusing Android users, but giving them a pat on the back might be appropriate when it comes to . We compared the process to update to iOS 6 and Jelly Bean, and Android got a mixed result.
Speaking of updates and technology, the Raspberry Pi has received a firmware boost to. It now also supports certain Wi-Fi dongles out of the box; an important feature, considering that there is no Wi-Fi hardware built in. | <urn:uuid:30289480-2c71-41a9-a105-04cc07189e6f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.zdnet.com/article/daily-cuppa-the-friday-iphone-5-finale/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280128.70/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00394-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.966434 | 332 | 1.554688 | 2 |
By James Kelaher*
Australia often seems to rank near the top of many international benchmarks, and it seems to have been that way for a very long time. So when new comparisons arrive, it’s normal we start at the top, run our eyes down a few places until we see Australia… and then complacently shift our attention back to the sport, or Big Brother, or maybe some cooking show.
However there’s one important area where we are starting to slip and it goes right to the heart of many of our rankings; our global competitiveness.
Over the past few years our ranking by the World Economic Forum (WEF) has been dropping and we now sit in 20th place, behind South Korea, Qatar, Finland, Canada and Norway. We are just three places ahead of our friends across the ditch, New Zealand.
So why is this when our education system and our main research institutions are regarded as among the world’s best by the same WEF ranking system?
A key reason is Australia’s comparative lack of investment in research and development, especially by governments and small business. Our level of R&D spending hovers around 2.2 per cent of gross domestic product, less than the European Community and the United States. Our percentage would be even lower, if not for the efforts of a few of our largest companies – especially those in mining and financial services which, in recent years have been pushing business investment in R&D to new heights.
A tangible benefit of innovation is increased productivity which, not surprisingly, is another area where Australia is starting to draw flak. Innovation drives productivity, which in turn drives economic growth. It’s pretty simple really: our competitiveness and productivity are slipping because we are not putting enough effort into innovating.
That’s despite hard-nosed studies by accounting and advisory firms including KPMG, Deloitte and most recently Allen Consulting pointing to returns on innovation spending by governments of between 300 per cent and 600 per cent. Given the cost cuts occurring across governments and the wider economy, now would be an ideal time to be championing innovation: we can improve our economic performance and international competitiveness, as well as the benefits that we deliver to customers and constituents.
Information and communication technology is one of, if not the predominant drivers of global innovation and in investmentterms is regarded as a form of ‘super capital’ because of the high comparative returns achieved. What’s surprising is that ICT is often regarded as an area of investment underperformance in Australia and typically one of the first areas to be cut when things get tight.
The Australian government appears to be responding to these trends. Following a revamp of the R&D incentives available to business, it recently launched a new incentive program targeted at encouraging investment in innovation, especially by SMEs and has now tweaked the eligibility rules to include a wider range of ICT-related activities.
A major promotions and engagement program is now underway to make sure that the SME and ICT sectors get the message.
Of course there is still the government sector itself. Another underperforming area recently highlighted by the WEF was the inefficiency of Australia’s bureaucracies. It would be far better for government agencies to embark on a quest for innovation rather than just cost savings, as the latter are unlikely to lead to service improvement – more often the reverse.
Importantly, the digital economy is now emerging as a big factor in shaping nations’ capacity to innovate and to compete. Australia has a tremendous opportunity to capitalise on our comparatively strong rankings in this area, but we need to do much more and to do it quickly.
One of the areas that the bureaucracy can start to really focus on is how to provide much more value and far better service online. This includes cooperating with the private sector, including how we can more easily and more confidently avoid having to do things face to face or have to carry around and present paper documents.
A good example is the government Document Verification Service (DVS). It’s recently been announced the DVS will now be opened up for use beyond government, making it easier for people to assert (and protect) identity-related information – which is now copied and stored in all sorts of uncontrolled ways throughout the country.
Initiatives like this hold the prospect of streamlining services, such as a current initiative by the government and the telecommunications sector to enable phone SIM cards to be purchased more easily and activated online.
Australia Post and various other organisations are also looking at services that will enable us to securely keep electronic copies of important documents in a personal online vault, which we can access from anywhere – a lot better than the box in the cupboard approach that is presently so popular, and so dangerous.
We know that online services are less expensive to deliver, especially when take-up is strong. So we need to be thinking much harder about how to get Australians to embrace online services as their preference, as is already occurring overseas
For example the UK has its ‘Digital by Default’ program. In Australia, we already have very high levels of mobile phone adoption.
As smartphone penetration grows rapidly (an area where we are leading the world) we should be pushing much harder.
If we don’t find sympathetic ways of pushing the pace, we will find that our foot-dragging results in further slides in our global rankings and these are places that we will not easily recover from other competing nations.
Let’s start to develop a digital landscape that Australians can have more trust and confidence in and which they can use more effectively. The National Broadband Network is a good start, but there is much more that can and should be done. Otherwise we will slip further down the global rankings and miss opportunities, as well as carrying unnecessary and uncompetitive costs.
*James Kelaher is a director of Smartnet, which advises governments and corporate s on digita l adoption, develops online service delivery solutions and invests in innovat ive ICT start -ups. He has held senior roles in defence, nat ional security and human services. In 2005 he chaired the federal government’s smart services task force but resigned over a difference of opinion with the then Minister Joe Hockey and his then Secretary Patricia Scott, over their handling of the Access Card.
Comment below to have your say on this story.
If you have a news story or tip-off, get in touch at [email protected].
Sign up to the Government News newsletter | <urn:uuid:266ae8b0-9e07-47db-b2d1-a5ee097c5088> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.governmentnews.com.au/australias-competitive-standing-is-slipping/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00078.warc.gz | en | 0.958315 | 1,345 | 1.726563 | 2 |
Gosei279.jpg 13,634pages on this wiki Add New Page Edit History Talk0 No higher resolution available. Gosei279.jpg (610 × 447 pixels, file size: 58 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) About File History Metadata There is no description yet. Add a description. Appears on these pages of King Bibi King Bibi (キングビービ Kingu Bībi) is a main villain in Come Back! Tensou Sentai Goseiger: Last Epic... See full list > File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. Date/TimeThumbnailDimensionsUserComment current00:58, November 3, 2014610 × 447 (58 KB)EduardoY (wall | contribs) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details may not fully reflect the modified file. Camera manufacturer FUJIFILM Camera model FinePix Z1 Exposure time 1/40 sec (0.025) F Number f/3.6 ISO speed rating 640 Date and time of data generation 23:48, April 27, 2011 Lens focal length 6.9 mm Orientation Normal Horizontal resolution 72 dpi Vertical resolution 72 dpi Software used Digital Camera FinePix Z1 Ver1.00 File change date and time 23:48, April 27, 2011 Y and C positioning Centered Exposure Program Normal program Exif version 2.2 Date and time of digitizing 23:48, April 27, 2011 Meaning of each component Y Cb Cr does not exist APEX shutter speed 5.3575520048236 APEX aperture 3.6959938168234 APEX brightness 1.52 APEX exposure bias 0 Maximum land aperture 3.614709851552 APEX (f/3.5) Metering mode Pattern Light source Daylight fluorescent (D 5700 – 7100K) Flash Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression Supported Flashpix version 0,100 Color space sRGB Focal plane X resolution 2,741 Focal plane Y resolution 2,741 Focal plane resolution unit 3 Sensing method One-chip color area sensor File source Digital still camera Scene type A directly photographed image Read more Deinbaruto of the Morning Star Gyōten'ō of the Supernova Demon Bug Soldiers Bibi Retrieved from "http://powerrangers.wikia.com/wiki/File:Gosei279.jpg?oldid=398812" Ad blocker interference detected! Wikia is a free-to-use site that makes money from advertising. We have a modified experience for viewers using ad blockers Wikia is not accessible if you’ve made further modifications. Remove the custom ad blocker rule(s) and the page will load as expected. | <urn:uuid:c3d20089-8096-423a-8813-be58d89a9480> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://powerrangers.wikia.com/wiki/File:Gosei279.jpg | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280266.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00498-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.791451 | 606 | 1.671875 | 2 |
The City of Chicago’s Department of Innovation and Technology released the OpenData ETL Utility Kit at the Code for America Summit this morning. The ETL Utility Toolkit will give cities the same tools Chicago uses to get data from their own internal systems and unto their data portals.
We’ll explain why this is such a big deal and what ETL is below the fold!
What’s an ETL?
ETL stands for Extract, Transform and Load. It’s short-hand for a system that takes data from one system and puts it someplace else. Like fancy plumbing for data.
So, say that the city tows your car. At some point, the city enters your vehicle’s information into a city system. On the DoIT’s end, they use an ETL system to take the data from that system, transforms it into a format that they can then put here – on the city’s data portal. (Where the the community can then do cool stuff like this.)
Here’s Director of Analytics and Performance Management for the City of Chicago Tom Schenk, Open Data Program Manager for Chicago Jon Levy, and master data wrangler and 2013 CfA fellow Dave Guarino to explain this a little deeper.
To do this, the City of Chicago has deployed a number of ETL tools. They’ve now open sourced those tools as part of a toolkit that any city will be able to adopt for free.
Here’s how the team describes the app on GitHub:
ETL Utilities for an Open Data Program
This toolkit provides several utilities and framework to help governments deploy automated ETLs using the open-source Pentaho data integration (Kettle) software.
Namely, this toolkit will assist with:
- Load data from a database an load it to a Socrata data portal
- Steps to integrate with an email server to provide e-mail alerts on the outcome of ETL scripts
- Handles deployment issues when using multiple operating systems during development
- Utilities to allow administrators to quickly analyze the log files of ETLs for quick diagnostics
The ETL framework is organized so each function can be modified in one file that is used by all ETLs. This provides for easier maintenance, upgrading, and modification over hundreds of ETLs.
- Open source at the core – this framework can be deployed using Kettle, an open-source ETL software. Pentaho also provides telephone support and training if desired.
- Compatible with multiple data sources – this ETL framework can be used with a variety of data sources, including a range of databases (MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle, SQL Server, and variety of NoSQL), APIs, text files, etc.
- Compatible workflow for multiple operating systems – ETLs can be developed and deployed across multiple operating systems. ETLs can be developed on a Windows environment and deployed on Linux
- Helpful utilities – includes several scripts to help users quickly analyze log files | <urn:uuid:f3b5d454-b0ff-4419-8065-910d510a1c30> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.smartchicagocollaborative.org/city-of-chicago-launches-opendata-etl-utility-kit/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280718.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00405-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.871189 | 631 | 1.75 | 2 |
<< Previous | Index | Next >>"THE EPISTLE OF JAMES" Turning Trials Into Triumph (James 1:2-8) INTRODUCTION 1. Perhaps you have seen the bumper sticker: "When life hands you a lemon, make lemonade!" 2. It is easier to smile at that statement than to practice it, but the basic philosophy is sound a. In fact, it is Biblical b. Throughout the Bible are examples of people who turned defeat into victory and trials into triumph c. Instead of being VICTIMS, they became VICTORS 3. The Epistle of James tells us that we can have this same experience today! a. Whether we are dealing with trials on the outside b. Or temptations on the inside -- Through faith in God and Jesus Christ we CAN experience victory! 4. The KEY to turning trials into triumph is to obey four imperatives: a. COUNT - Chap 1:2 b. KNOW - Chap 1:3 c. LET - Chap 1:4 d. ASK - Chap 1:5-8 [Starting with verse two, then, let's look at the first imperative] I. "COUNT IT ALL JOY WHEN YOU FALL INTO VARIOUS TRIALS" (Vs 1:2) A. NOTICE THAT JAMES ASSUMES THAT WE WILL EXPERIENCE TRIALS 1. He doesn't say "if" but "when" 2. This is because Christians must expect trials a. So said Jesus - Jn 16:33 b. Paul also - Ac 14:22 3. The nature of these trials are "various" a. Some trials come simply because we are human 1) Sickness, accidents 2) Disappointments, death b. Other trials come because we are Christians - 1 Pe 4:12; 2 Ti 3:12 4. Because Satan fights us, and the world opposes us, we can expect trials! B. WHAT IS TO BE THE CHRISTIAN'S RESPONSE? - "COUNT IT ALL JOY!" 1. This was the attitude of: a. The apostles - Ac 5:41 b. Paul - Ro 5:3 ; Ph 2:17-18 c. The Christians - 1 Pe 1:6-8; 1 Pe 4:12-14 2. So the first step to turning trials into triumph is to: IMMEDIATELY THANK GOD AND ADOPT A JOYFUL ATTITUDE! ["But how," we may ask, "is it possible to rejoice in the midst of trials?" The second imperative in verse 3 explains how] II. "KNOWING THAT THE TESTING OF YOUR FAITH PRODUCES PATIENCE" (v3) A. THE RIGHT KNOWLEDGE CONCERNING THE VALUE OF TRIALS MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO HAVE A JOYFUL ATTITUDE 1. We are to understand that: a. Trials test our faith b. Faith tested can bring out the best in us! 1) Just as fire purifies gold - 1 Pe 1:7 2) Just as training makes the athlete stronger 2. With this understanding, we can have joy in trials because we know that: a. Testing works FOR us, not AGAINST us - cf. 2 Co 4:17 b. Trials rightly used help us to mature B. SPECIFICALLY, FAITH TESTED PRODUCES "PATIENCE" 1. Notice Ro 5:3-4 2. In the BIBLE a. "Patience" is NOT a passive acceptance of circumstances b. The GREEK word is HUPOMONE 1) From the preposition HUPO (under), and MENO (to remain, to abide) 2) It denotes the ability to exhibit stedfastness and constancy in the face of the most formidable difficulty! c. It is a courageous perseverance in the face of suffering! d. It is the continuing on even when it is rough, despite the circumstances 3. Such a quality of stedfastness can come only through experiencing trials 4. The value of developing PATIENCE will be seen shortly [Having this understanding about what trials can accomplish enables us to have a joyful attitude toward such trials. But to really benefit from our trials, we must also obey the third imperative found in verse four] III. "LET PATIENCE HAVE ITS PERFECT WORK" (v4) A. TO TRULY TURN TRIALS INTO TRIUMPH, WE MUST LET "PATIENCE" DO ITS WORK 1. Too often, we want to get our trials or difficulties over with quickly 2. But there are times when the best course is to bear up under the trial patiently a. Instead of grumbling and complaining b. patiently endure the trial, doing good despite the trial B. FOR WHEN PATIENCE HAS HAD AN OPPORTUNITY TO WORK, IT PRODUCES "MATURITY"! 1. The word PERFECT does not mean sinlessness, but "completeness, wholeness, maturity" 2. In the New Testament, it is used of those who: a. Have attained to spiritual manhood in Christ b. Have reached full maturity and understanding in spiritual matters c. Are no longer "babes" and immature persons in Christ 3. Such maturity comes only when patience has had time to work! a. Consider, for example, an endurance runner in his training 1) To be a mature runner requires letting patience do its work 2) That is, patiently running mile after mile in training b. If we wish to run the race well spiritually speaking, we need to develop patience 1) Which comes only through a form of spiritual "resistance training" 2) That is, trials in which our faith is put to the test! [Letting patience have its perfect work is not easy. It certainly requires wisdom which enables us to see the value of our trials. This brings us to the fourth imperative necessary to turn trials into triumph, found in verses five to eight] IV. "LET HIM ASK OF GOD" (Vs 5-8) A. IF WE LACK WISDOM, ASK FOR IT FROM GOD! 1. He has promised to give it liberally 2. And He will not reproach us for making such a request 3. Even as Solomon's request for wisdom was well-pleasing to God - 1 Kings 3:7-12 B. WHAT EXACTLY IS THIS "WISDOM"? 1. We should be careful to distinguish "wisdom" from "knowledge" a. Knowledge involves information, facts, etc. b. Wisdom is the ability or insight to properly use those facts in the most expeditious way 2. Failure to understand this distinction has led many into error! a. Many believe that this passage (Ja 1:5-8) teaches that God will give knowledge concerning His Will in answer to prayer b. But knowledge comes only through His Word; we must carefully study it if we would know the Will of God! c. However, the WISDOM to properly use His Word can be received through prayer C. THE WISDOM TO PROPERLY USE TRIALS AND TURN THEM INTO TRIUMPH CAN LIKEWISE COME THROUGH "PROPER" PRAYER 1. Proper prayer is that asked in faith and with no doubt 2. Otherwise, the prayer will not be answered by God CONCLUSION 1. So here is the key to turning trials into triumph: a. Having the knowledge and perspective that adversity can accomplish much good b. Letting the patient enduring of adversity acommplish its work c. All the while using the wisdom God gives in answer to prayer to help put it all together 2. When this is done, even trials can be a source of joy for the Christian! Have we learned to make lemonade out of our lemons in life? Note: Much of the material for this outline was adapted heavily from The Bible Exposition Commentary, Volume 2, by Warren W. Wiersbe, pages 337-340.<< Previous | Index | Next >>
About These Outlines ~~~ Submit An Outline ~~~ Back To Main Outlines ~~~ Home Page
If you find mistakes in these outlines, or would like to make suggestions that would make them better, please let us know. | <urn:uuid:5d36258f-e8dc-43a0-9961-e58a2304302d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newtestamentchurch.org/Outlines/Expository_Outlines/JA/ja_03.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285001.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00302-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.911124 | 1,711 | 2.21875 | 2 |
Sherwood Shores is a lakeside community off Farm Road 1670 about three miles west of Belton in central Bell County. This development, located on Stillhouse Hollow Lake just north of Stillhouse Hollow Dam, probably began by the 1980s. In 1990 the population was 600. That figure remained the same in 2000.
At a Glance
Sherwood Shores is part of or belongs to the following places.
Adopt a Town
The Texas Almanac's Land Rush program lets you adopt the town or county of your choice and share your message with the world. 100% of the proceeds benefit education in Texas.
Sherwood Shores is classified as a Town
Has Post Office
Proud to call TX home?
Put your name on the town or county of your choice.
Search Places »
Sherwood Shores by the Numbers
This is some placeholder text that we should either remove or replace with a brief summary about this particular metric. For example, "We update population counts once per year..." | <urn:uuid:c00d7710-2f1a-4499-9530-da8ef4313955> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.texasalmanac.com/places/sherwood-shores | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572833.95/warc/CC-MAIN-20220817032054-20220817062054-00478.warc.gz | en | 0.886445 | 285 | 1.648438 | 2 |
Effective business communication serves as a critically important skill for professionals across many industries. Johnson & Wales University’s micro-certificate in Executive Communication teaches students how the art of storytelling in business inspires innovation, builds community, and enables needed change in business. You’ll learn business communication skills to tailor messaging to executives, industry leaders, organizational colleagues, and many others. You’ll gain executive communication training to enhance your communication styles in written and oral formats.
Our micro-certificate is taught by faculty with industry expertise in executive and business communication. Our online graduate micro-certificate program is designed for working professionals and provides executive communication training and best practices for communication strategies. You’ll also develop a personal communication style to promote cohesive and effective communication at all levels.
This program is offered in collaboration with JWU’s John Hazen White College of Arts & Sciences.
- 6 months or less to complete your program
- 8-week course length
- 15:1 student to faculty ratio
- 96.8% career outcomes rate
- 100% Online career-focused curriculum
- Take advantage of our online format, designed to fit your schedule
- Learn from faculty with industry experience who integrate theory with practice
- Acquire real-world exposure through our experiential education model
- Prepare for leadership opportunities within any industry
- Earn credit applicable towards your future JWU graduate degree
- Transcripts verifying completion of a bachelor’s degree from an accredited institution are required for admission to this program.
- Discounted Tuition Rate Available.
NOTE: Students who enroll in this certificate program are ineligible for financial aid. Contact Student Financial Services for options. | <urn:uuid:b1038d38-f459-4ede-8a83-715a58152d32> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://online.jwu.edu/academics/graduate/executive-communication-0 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571284.54/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811103305-20220811133305-00477.warc.gz | en | 0.921527 | 350 | 1.773438 | 2 |
This paper explores legal issues associated with cloud computing, provides analysis and commentary on typical clauses found in contracts offered by well-known cloud service providers, and identifies strategies to mitigate the risk of exposure to cloud-based legal claims in the critical areas of data security, privacy, and confidentiality. While current research offers numerous case studies, viewpoints, and technical descriptions of cloud processes, our research provides a close examination of the language used in cloud contract terms. Analysis of these contract terms supports the finding that most standard cloud computing contracts are unevenly balanced in favor of the cloud service provider. The implication for cloud users is that additional measures, both legal and practical, are necessary in order to achieve a reasonable level of data security, privacy, and confidentiality, and to mitigate the inherent risks in cloud computing solutions. This research was limited to an analysis of some of the leading cloud computing service providers and the con-tract clauses they offer to cloud users. Although the selected cloud provider contracts are representative of the currently available contract terms throughout the industry, these terms are evolving along with the practices of the cloud providers and cloud users.
T. Noble Foster, Navigating Through the Fog of Cloud Computing Contracts, 30 J. Marshall J. Info. Tech. & Privacy L. 13 (2013) | <urn:uuid:18947950-914d-4038-9097-bfc2316e5176> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://repository.jmls.edu/jitpl/vol30/iss1/2/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279933.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00117-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.919004 | 256 | 1.640625 | 2 |
By: Gael Hannan
Potato (Po-TAY-toe, po-TAH-to) Tinnitus (TINN-uh-tiss, tin-EYE-tis)
People who have tinnitus don’t care how it’s pronounced, unless it was pronounced dead. As in ‘no longer exists’ – all the chirping, sizzling, bonging, ringing, chattering and any of the other 117 identified sounds of tinnitus would disappear, forever and ever, amen. Ah, the dream of every tinnitus sufferer – silence on demand.
I have to be honest. My bouts of tinnitus are sporadic; so far I’ve been spared the unrelenting onslaught of noise experienced by many people with chronic tinnitus. In fact, I rather enjoy one of my tinnitus noises – a lovely gong that rings softly and richly, off and on over the course of a few days. Then it just goes away for a couple of months, reappearing sometimes when I’m very tired, sometimes for no reason at all. And when it does return, I’m not particularly bothered by it.
But my other tinnitus sound is less welcome. It’s a hard clicking sound, difficult to describe. The best I can come up with is that it sounds like someone trying to cut very thick toenails with rather blunt clippers. Hard, loud clicks, one slowly after the other.
I know that tinnitus affects everyone differently, ranging from mild irritation to seriously self-destructive thoughts. Even grief, as in the case of a good friend of mine.
When I first met Adam at a training course for speechreading instructors, he had become deafened three years prior, losing the last shred of his hearing to NF2. He told the story of how, one morning a few weeks after becoming deaf, he woke up to the sound of the clock radio and the early morning announcer. He sat bolt upright, thrilled that some of his hearing had returned! While he could hear the announcer talking, however, he couldn’t quite make out what he was saying, so Adam reached over to turn up the volume.
The radio was off. It was 3am. The sound of the ‘announcer’ chattering was tinnitus, and he was still deaf.
Every once in a while, the radio announcer would reappear and chatter for a few minutes each night. Adam said he welcomed these visits because the voice, albeit an incomprehensible one, was the only voice that he could now hear.
When I heard that story, I cried, and I still mist up when I think about how his tinnitus tricked him for a brief moment into believing that he could hear again, and then cruelly returned Adam to the reality of his deafness.
But, there’s a happy ending to this story. Over ten years later, Adam is now a cochlear implant user, which I hope has helped to eliminate some of his tinnitus. With all the medical and technological advancements that are improving the quality of our lives, dare we hope that effective treatment for tinnitus is just around the corner?
To Find Out More
To find out more about Gael, please visit her website posted at the top of this article. We want thank Gael for taking the time to create this wonderful guest blog, and please, your feedback is encouraged. | <urn:uuid:4a5b7244-aad8-46a4-b0f8-0bdbc3137335> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://hearingbetterohio.com/tinnitus-r-i-p-a-guest-blog-by-gael-hannan/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571719.48/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812140019-20220812170019-00267.warc.gz | en | 0.97223 | 726 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Don't be deceived by mere politeness, as people are often polite to those they intend to harm. Chaucer refers to 'the smiler with the knife... Read more →
Proverbs containing the word Cutt off
The verb 'to spite' means 'to be revenged upon'. The advice give here is: 'Don't do anything in a fit of temper that will injure only yourself.' | <urn:uuid:3e9e43d0-e076-4971-bf58-cddb062372d0> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://proverbhunter.com/word/cutt-off/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570871.10/warc/CC-MAIN-20220808183040-20220808213040-00278.warc.gz | en | 0.964834 | 82 | 2.328125 | 2 |
IRA, 401k, or Both?
A common question I'm asked is whether someone should be contributing to their IRA, employer 401k/403b, or should they do both?
Here are a few of the questions you should ask yourself first:
- Does your 401k plan make matching contributions?
- Up to how much of your contribution will they match?
- After all expenses are paid how much money do you have to invest each month?
- How long do you expect to be at your current job?
The first question that needs to be answered when determining where you should be investing your money is whether or not your employer is matching your 401k contributions. If they are, you want to contribute up to the amount that they match you and not a penny more. If your employer does not match your contributions then you would want to be contributing to your IRA/Roth IRA instead. When an employer matches your contributions that means they're giving you FREE money and you'd be a fool to pass up on that! When you receive no employer match on contributions in your 401k there's really no reason for you to invest your money there. It limits your investment selection to what's offered in the plan. An IRA gives you the freedom and flexibility of investing in many different financial instruments.
Now, if you're maxing out your IRA contributions each year ($5500 under age 50 and $6500 over age 50) then you would look to your 401k for additional means of investing for retirement. Again, there are far more benefits to an IRA than a 401k in my opinion, so unless you're making a full contribution to your IRA there's no reason to be contributing to a non-match 401k/403b plan. However, if you are currently maxing out your IRA contributions and looking for additional areas to save for retirement you can save as much as $18,000/year in a 401k/403b
Many employer plans that do offer a match incentive also carry a vesting element. Simply put, they require you to be employed with the company for 'X' years in order to receive the full value of your 401k. Any contributions you have made will always be taken with you if you decide to leave, but they can elect to withhold the portion they have contributed if you don't meet their vesting requirements. This is why the length of time you plan on being with a company is a factor when considering whether or not you should invest in their 401k. If you don't plan to stay with the company long enough to meet their vesting requirements, there's no sense in contributing to it, even if there is a match option.
In closing, the most ideal situation for anyone is to have the ability to make full contributions to their IRA each year while also contributing to their 401k. Unfortunately, not everyone has this luxury. Working with a financial planner allows you to budget your monthly expenses, determine the amount of match your company plan offers and then decide how much, if any, amount should be allocated to an IRA. | <urn:uuid:16a69f7f-34a3-46ec-98ad-9f69190d8ac5> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.saifinancial.com/blog-01/ira-401k-or-both | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572304.13/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816120802-20220816150802-00467.warc.gz | en | 0.959807 | 627 | 1.59375 | 2 |
I have a php code:
<?php $res = ""; exec("./a.out>temp", $res); print_r(error_get_last()); print_r($res); ?>
a.out is a simple c++ program creating a socket. when I call this php code from browser an error of "Permission denied" is printed in the "temp" file.
I know this is a problem related to the right of apache user, but how to solve it?
Note: I have redirected the stderr into the "temp" file so that I can see what is wrong. | <urn:uuid:fe20444c-33a1-4b11-89da-b05186cd0dbe> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5246816/php-call-c-socket-function-cause-permission-denied-error/5247017 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570913.16/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809064307-20220809094307-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.868942 | 134 | 2.265625 | 2 |
Mary In The One Economy Of Salvation
Christopher Findlay-Wilson FAITH Magazine January-February 2003
From the earliest times, Mary the mother of Jesus has held a prominent position in Christian Faith. Yet with the Protestant rejection of the traditional Christian framework, Mary became to many a cipher and a distraction. Moreover, with the more recent breakdown of the old synthesis within Catholic theology, Mary has often been relegated to arcane dogmatic formulae or 'consigned' to piety. Yet in order to re-energise Christianity for a new millennium, we must be able to go further. The Holy Father writes in: "The affirmation of the central place of Christ cannot be separated from the recognition of the role played by his Most Holy Mother". This is precisely something we can demonstrate in a compelling way using the theological vision of theFaith movement through which we can both deepen and draw together traditional teaching on Mary, and powerfully develop our understanding of her role in God's plan. She may in fact prove to be the gateway to a new renaissance, unlocked by the Master-key who is her Son.
A doorway within the blueprint
Foundational to the theology of Edward Holloway, the founder of the Faith movement, is the awareness that the human nature of Christ is decreed even before the moment of the Big Bang. The structure of the cosmos is framed for Jesus: all has evolved relative to the Word-Made-Flesh. He is most definitely not an after-thought because of sin. His appearance amongst us is no way arbitrary, like Zeus whimsically taking on the form of a swan. For although God's gift of His Son to the Universe remains gratuitous, (the world of matter cannot demand it by absolute right of its being), nevertheless from the order of wisdom innate in all physical structures and processes, it can be expected, rather as a sprouting bulb expects the rays of the sun way above it to reach down to it. In other words God inHis wisdom is bound to have designed the doorway for His entry and placed it within the blueprint of His Creation. In the natural course of events, two human parents are required to generate human life. At present lawless scientists are mooting the generation of human life sourced from four or five genetic and physical parents. Yet, even within nature there seems to be no absolute necessity for the process of reproduction involving male and female, no axiomatic reason why human beings could not have been unisexual (which possibly included some means of genetic mixing to strengthen the gene pool). Perhaps we have to look for a reason that we are not unisexual beyond the immediate processes of human reproduction.
We have said that God is to make use of the economy of His Creation in order to enter it. God the Word, however, is pre-existent Person; he only needs a human nature - which is subject to creation and determination. His divine person could not be 'created' by the determining will of other human beings. (Even within the constant laws of the Universe, something cannot be its own cause and its own control; the Divine Control of Creation certainly cannot be caused by it). So God would need to raise up a process in nature that could be tailored immediately to His own coming. "The natural means by which the Creation may co-operate with God in the consummation of the Unity-Law should exist in Physical Nature as the vehicle at once natural and supernaturally aligned through which the Heir of allthe Ages may come into His own. The means is there, and the means is the womb of woman." In other words it is only through the design of a womb (and will of the mother) that the pre-existent Son can become a true human son too, making full use of the human reproductive process that his wisdom has planned, without the normally necessary causative will of another human being.
The existence of male and female principles finds, therefore, its ultimate meaning and purpose in the plan of the Incarnation and specifically in the need for Mary. The male principle of prompter and determiner-of-life in fact mirrors God's relationship with Creation in Mary and becomes redundant at the Annunciation. Our Lady is the final dénouement of God's masterpiece which is the provision of the Unity-Law. Without her vocation within creation, we cannot have the Christ.
The One Economy
This breakthrough in perception of Mary's place is in fact indicated powerfully by the vision of the twelfth chapter of the Book of Revelation. The Woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, crowned with twelve stars, is in labour to bring forth a son. The Woman is first and foremost Planet Earth teeming with life and fruitfulness and fertile ultimately with mankind. It is clothed with the sun which is its principle of life and increase over aeons of evolution. The moon has its place in regulating times and seasons for the planet. The perfect number twelve shows that the summit of achievement has been reached in this cradle of intelligent man. Furthermore, apart from the fact that so many of the images in the Book of Revelation - and in John's Gospel - are many-layered, italso refers to the People of Israel awaiting the Messiah, and the Church in the pangs of bringing Christ into the world in the womb of the Virgin Mary herself. This is because within the Unity-Law in Creation, it is all one economy: cosmos, Earth, human race, Israel , Church and Mary. Within this truly breathtaking interpretation Our Lady is revealed as the great sign of the unity of God's wisdom - and the culminating witness to the Unity-Law and the vocation of matter. The role of Mary is shown to be inscribed in the blueprint of the Universe. We can surely then expect this perception in Mariology to underpin and deepen all that we already know about Our Lady.
Mary in the Scriptures
In recent decades there has admittedly been a flowering of scholarship on Mary's place in God's Word. This new vision, however, provides a synthetic context through which the different areas of study can be directed and focused."How can this come about since I am a virgin?" (Lk 1:34) The witness to Mary's virginity is manifest from the earliest times despite ridicule and opposition. We have seen that her vocation to provide God with a human nature is written into the very fabric of creation. It is she who unlocks the full meaning of the division of the sexes. It is she who is uppermost in God's mind in His plan for the sexes. For this reason, in no way should we see her virginity as somehow contradicting the laws of nature. God did not step aside from the plan of wisdom in Creation inorder to be born from Mary's womb. The Virgin Birth is therefore not a miracle; it is completely natural. It is the template and paradigm for all other sexual ministry. If our intellects had not been obfuscated by sin, then perhaps we should have welcomed and understood this truth more clearly, although our present understanding of nature has come at a certain level of scientific maturity. It is certainly foreshadowed throughout the Old Testament where infertile women such as Sarah and Hannah are made fruitful by God's grace to bear a son of special honour. It is obviously prophesied too by the most famous advent text, Isaiah 7:14 , in the Septuagint if not in the Hebrew.
Traditionally the Woman of the Proto-gospel in Genesis 3:15 has been interpreted as a prophecy of Mary, who is pointedly named 'Woman' by Jesus at the start and close of John's gospel (Jn 2:4; 19:26). The vision of the Book of Revelations chapter 12 very obviously draws these references together: the serpent becomes a dragon and threatens the Woman as she bears the Christ. The historical person of Mary can now be confirmed as the contextual key to the Woman of the Scriptures. Not only does this ascertain the traditional reading, it clearly draws together the gender-related language of both testaments. Such devices as the unfaithful wife and daughter Israel ; Jesus as Bridegroom; the Church as Bride; the wedding feast of the Lamb: these are no longer just handy poetic conceits. All taketheir meaning from God's plan fulfilled through Mary's womanhood.
Ark of the New Covenant
The story of the Visitation to Elizabeth (Lk 1:39 -58) seems to have been carefully crafted to mirror the taking up of God's Ark by David to Jerusalem (2 Sam 6). This link between Mary and the Ark is more explicit in the Book of Revelations. The sanctuary opens ( Rev 11:19 ) to reveal the Ark of the Covenant - which is the Sign of the Woman (Rev 12). The Ark in the Old Testament was carefully designed and constructed to house and carry God's Commandments. It was the place where Yahweh met His people Israel and revealed His Wisdom. Under this new synthetic vision, Mary is most definitely the Ark of the New Covenant; she was exquisitely fashioned through billions of years of ordered development. It is through her physical nature that God isable to meet His people and where the Sacred Wisdom of the Universe is carried and made present.
Daughter of Zion
This hermeneutic has been particularly drawn out in recent times. The Angel's greeting in Lk 1:27 echoes the prophecies of Zephaniah and Zechariah to the Daughter of Zion ( Israel ). Mary is placed centrally in the mystery of the covenant relationship between God and mankind. Scott Hahn has recently refocused attention on the covenant - a transference of persons not property (a contract) - as the overall key to the Scriptures: It is Mary's 'yes' as the gift of her person which begins to fulfil God's covenant plan. With the benefit of Holloway’s theological perspective we can see how Mary's gift of herself is ultimately cosmic in dimension, fulfilling the vocation of matter to share in divinelife. Through the true Daughter Zion, the full dignity of the material universe is revealed as it is swept up via the spiritual nature of man into the life of God. The obedience of Mary is central to this cosmic plan: "It is required that God should act through the freely given love and obedience of the creature, that Mary should say 'behold the handmaid of the Lord, be it done to me according to thy word'. Once said, the vocation of this woman is to work directly with God to be determined to the divine work that is her unique vocation and her unique dignity in the universe." It is also paradigmatic for the rest of humanity whom she represents in relation to God. It is the ultimatewitness to the mysterious nature of the human being: "The order of the co-operation of the spiritual creature with God involves a mystery which can be partly, but never fully unravelled by the human mind, the mystery of free-will. It is an order of free co-operation, the very hallmark of the existence and the presence of the spiritual principle in creation." In fact we can go as far as saying that this deeper understanding of Mary as Daughter Zion unlocks the correct reading of the Scriptures themselves. Jesus the God-man comes to call us into the Covenant of Divinisation. Mary in the Dogmatic Teaching of the Church If it is in the vocation of Mary that we fully understand God's cosmic plan, then we should expect a deeper reflectionupon it to nourish the Church as it develops under the Unity-Law. In a sense, the Marian Dogmas complete the Scriptures.Mother of God (431) This was defined to counter the Nestorian refusal to go beyond the Christotokos - an incipient splitting of Christ into two persons as well as two natures: the dogma was essentially Christological. We can see how utterly appropriate 'Mother of God' is within the broad sweep of the Unity Law and a Christocentric universe. Christ as Lord of the Cosmos can only enter his inheritance by being carried and born of a woman. If the human nature of Christ was not fully united to his divinity, then the cosmic plan would end in farcical frustration (the Divine Cause was not coming truly into contact with that which it planned to control). So the title Theotokos,the most succinct expression of Mary's role, speaks ultimately of a universe of matter called to theosis. It is the natural concomitant to Christ's favourite term of self-reference, 'Son of Man'. God the Word is now and forever one stock with His human creatures. Ever Virgin (649)
Mary's virginity was necessary for the Incarnation, but her remaining a virgin is the completion of her own unique vocation. The God she was related to in spousal faithfulness, the Principle of human 'environing', is now present to her as her Son. Her place in creation is not to bear other human children, but to give total witness to the direct environing of human life by God. Even more truly is she now 'the Woman clothed with the sun'. Immaculate Conception (1854) The non-Scotist theologian must inevitably defend the Immaculate Conception as a somewhat arbitrary grace: if God preserved Mary from sin, why not all of us? It was Blessed Duns Scotus who originally provided the groundwork for this dogma. So we can expect the (Scotist) perspective of Holloway to make sense of this grace inGod's plan. Christ's coming was decreed before the tragedy of Eden . Even the incursion of sin could in no way alter or determine God's mind or processes. For although God 'respects' the historical consequences of sin within matter, Mary's vocation as Queen of Creation and of the universe was decreed before the Big Bang, let alone the fall of Satan or Eve's disastrous choice. In this sense the Immaculate Conception is not a special provision of God; it is Our Lady's 'right'. Mary is saved and redeemed through her predestined vocation of intimate co-operation with the Saviour. The light of the dawn appears on the horizon before the sun has risen.The Assumption (1950) Because the incursion of sin has tainted the deterministic order of matter, the divine work of restoration, realignment andhealing can only be achieved fully by the resurrection of the body. As immaculately conceived, Mary goes on to indicate the natural and supernatural achievement of man from the state of original wholeness. The Assumption is the great sign that in spite of the disaster and sickness of sin, the cosmic sweep of God's plan in the Unity-Law is fulfilled. The Assumption of Mary, body and soul, into the Beatific Vision of Heaven, represents the fruition of the Covenant of Divinisation.
A Final Dogma?
So far, the primary role of Mary in direct relation to God has been explored. But there is more to her vocation.
Example and Exemplary Realisation
Firstly she is proposed to the faithful as the pre-eminent example of discipleship, of holiness of life. As predestined Queen of the cosmos who co-operated in perfect faithfulness with the Lord until taken up in glory, she is the God-given model for Christian discipleship. She is also, in her very being, because of the 'one economy', the great sign, the exemplary realisation or typus of the Church as Lumen Gentium points out. She is the standard bearer for the whole human race as it is drawn up into God's life. Now it has to be said that there are those who would wish to limit her role for us to this - merely an example and a sign. In this they may originally have rejoiced at Mary's inclusion in Lumen Gentium rather than being given herown separate document. Nevertheless, Ratzinger has pointed out that this decision was a 'wassercheide': in placing her within the document on the Church, her role was confirmed as essentially ecclesial, and she was explicitly named 'Mother to us in the order of grace'. Through the new synthesis (the one economy of creation), we can demonstrate that this is most definitely so. Therefore she is not only example and icon, but in a vital sense, the spiritual womb, heart and hands of the Church. Furthermore, although Lumen Gentium refers to it, Mary's role for the Christian believer has never been treated in detail or recognised in dogmatic definition. It seems indisputable that we now have the most solid framework and vision to further any necessary development on this front.
Mediatrix Of All Graces
Fr Holloway writes succintly about this proposed title of Our Lady: "It is through the offering of her womb to the Father, for the Son, by the overshadowing of the Holy Spirit, that she gives us the Divine Grace in Person. Therefore the title 'Mediatrix' would seem to be implicit in her other, and defined title of the Godbearer or 'Theotokos'". In other words we must not forget that her vocation and ministry as Mother of God was not merely to work with God, but to work with Him for each and every one of us. Insofar as we can show Jesus to be the true Adam, the ultimate template of human nature, then Mary is prototypical too. She has certainly been called from ancient times the New Eve - or Mother of all the living, a mother who is causeof our salvation:
And even as she, having indeed a husband, Adam, but being nevertheless as yet a virgin...having become disobedient, was made the cause of death, both to herself and to the entire human race; so also did Mary, having a man betrothed (to her), and being nevertheless a virgin, by yielding obedience, became the cause of salvation, both to herself and the whole human race.
But from the vantage point of the Unity-Law, we can meaningfully say she is the 'original' (archetypal) Mother-of-all-the-living, prefigured and predestined within all the processes of life. In this we must indeed turn to her to be the 'Cause of our salvation'. She mediates the grace of Christ to "all the rest of her children who obey God's commandments and have in themselves the witness of Jesus" ( Rev 12:17 ). What's more, we can show that as God included the blueprint for Our Lady within the plan of the Universe, so that he could become our Food, then we rightly go as far as saying Mary is Mother of the Holy Eucharist too.
It is recognised that the Queen Mother (Gebirah) of the King of Israel occupied a position of precedence over royal consorts, a role of advocacy. Elizabeth effectively names Mary Gebirah at the Visitation (Lk 1:42 ). We see Our Lady interceding at Cana (Jn 2:3), and for the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost (Acts 1:14 ), where she acts as Godmother for the infant Church. It would be strange indeed if the cosmic Gebirah was not granted a unique position of advocacy with the Lord on behalf of the people of her race.
This refers to the unique and God-given role of Mary in co-operating with the one work of the Redeemer. It is indubitably the most controversial title of the three proposed by theologians. It is the only one not explicitly mentioned in Lumen Gentium. Pope John Paul, however, named his Marian encyclical Redemptoris Mater, and has used the term Co-redemptrix of Our Lady several times in recent public speeches. There is now a very large body of literature on this subject. Fr Holloway himself professed personal doubts about the title 'Co-redeemer': that it was disquieting, ambiguous, even dangerous. It is worth noting that most of the Marian dogmas have been controversial. Theotokos was violently contested as dangerously ambiguous. StThomas Aquinas did not accept the reality of the Immaculate Conception, let alone its definition. Holloway's qualms notwithstanding, it seems fair to say that his theology does in fact provide a definite foundation for the title. First-of-all, it is important to note his words about the Old Testament prophets: "In a true sense the servant of God suffers 'vicariously' for God because it is the life of God within him which is the measure both of his achievement and his pain. The great types of Christ in the Old Testament, Moses, Isaiah the 'servant of Yahweh', Jeremiah, and many another, suffered not only because of the perfection of their being in their knowledge and love of God, but also they suffered because of their love of their brethren. Their very pain was wrung of their love of God,and the dishonouring of God in his image, and they were for ever apologising, praying, and asking for mercy for the brethren, for they were of one flesh with them, one spirit with them, and they were committed to them in love, and care and wanting them." It could be argued that these prophets were, however, types specifically of the ministry of the Christ. Nevertheless, what is said of them must bear relevance for Our Lady. Secondly, the prefix 'co' should not present any problems for an adherent of Holloway’s perspective. It is in fact a vital piece of Unity-Law jargon: "Matter, of its nature is co-relative, both living and non-living matter, and is not intelligible except as co-relative and co-operative." Mary's life is one of co-relativity to the God-man and co-operation with him. In no way does this place her on an equal footing with him, or derogate from his uniqueness. In a general sense, it is of course indisputable that our brothers and sisters in the family of Christ are able collaborate with God to assist us in our struggles: "…we receive from the Lord…the comradeship of his saints, to co-operate with him against the evil that is within ourselves, and the evil which is the pressure of persecution and temptation from outside."
The strongest argument, however, for Mary being given this title is the understanding the new synthesis provides of redemption: "The essential of the redemption and the satisfaction of Christ is to be found in the total holiness and charity of his being in the nature of God and in the nature of Man. " In other words the whole of Christ's life was redemptive from the moment of his conception. Redemption was not a moral or token deliverance, but a work in the dynamic order of being. The crucifixion was but the culmination, the final fruit of his work. If we hold to this much, much deeper understanding of redemption, then of course it brings Mary into the foreground. She was involved every step of the way. She was co-operating in theredemption in a unique manner from the Annunciation onwards. As the life of the Lord of the Cosmos must take on a minor key because of sin, then the life of the Queen of the Cosmos and Mediatrix of All Graces must take on that key too. This is recognised with great insight by Simeon immediately after he welcomes the Light of the Nations: "and a sword will pierce your soul too - so that the secret thoughts of many may be laid bare" (Lk 2:35 ). For in her own singular way, Mary, the Immaculate Conception, is also called to bear witness to the reality of sin. Holloway writes these words about the Church, but in the 'one economy', they are relevant too for Mary: "She bears his character, lives his life, and therefore the wounds of his rejection are upon her body, for the world that hated him,hates her also." It is finally worth noting Fr Holloway's words (often repeated in his talks) about the pain of a devout parent (or priest) who watches a beloved innocent child become corrupted by the forces of sin and sensuality. That parent enters "only from afar upon the pain of Christ". He adds:"… many a deep soul has drunk a little of that chalice." How far above all sips was the draught that the Mother of God took from that chalice, for her son and for us. These words throw a definitive light upon that pointed description of the Woman: "She was pregnant, and in labour, crying aloud in the pangs of childbirth" (Rev 12:2) The title Co-redemptrix is, thereofore, not only utterlyappropriate for Mary, but it must point us towards a more accurate understanding of the nature of sin and the work of our Redeemer for us. It also vindicates the full expression of her work as Mother to us in the order of grace. It seems to me that, beyond any prima facie ambiguity, there can be no other word that describes this reality with such economy. Conclusion
The theological perspective of Edward Holloway shows us how Mary's vocation was decreed before the Creation. Her very being was framed within the blueprint of the cosmos. Her physical being evolved under the Unity-Law for the Incarnation. The Sign of Revelations chapter 12 can be seen to witness most powerfully to this one economy of God's creative wisdom. This inevitably sheds light on Mary's plan in the Scriptures. Her virginal conception is not in fact 'miraculous', but truly natural. She is the archetypal woman who makes sense of all gender-related language and imagery. She is the New Ark of the Covenant, carefully fashioned to carry the Wisdom of God. She is the Daughter of Zion who witnesses to the dignity of human co-operation with God through her ultimate act of free-will. Shethereby opens the door to the mystery of the Covenant - and all the Scriptures - as a relationship of divinisation.As the Marian Dogmas complete the Scriptures, the title 'Theotokos' is proved to be the perfect expression for her role in bestowing a human nature on the Lord within God's plan. She is Ever-Virgin because she witnesses that her Environer who was her spouse is now her Son. Her Immaculate Conception is no 'special' provision, but hers by right of her vocation. Assumed body and Soul into heaven, she bears witness to the perfect fulfilment of God's Unity-Law.
We can also see how important it is to further define Our Lady's role for us. She is the model for us to follow, the standard-bearer for the human race. But she is Mediatrix because her Son is all grace to his Creation. She is advocate as cosmic Queen-Mother interceding for us. She must even justify the title Co-redemptrix as the Co-operator for us with the One Redeemer's dynamic work.
Mary as Queen of Creation is indeed the Gateway unlocked by her Divine Son, the Master-key. She opens the way for God into His material universe and for us into God's own life. So we truly cannot separate her from the central place of her Son. We can begin to see how beautifully the new synthetic vision will vindicate both Master-key and Gateway for a re-energised Catholic Faith and a renewed culture of Life.
Pope John Paul II, Tertio Millenio Adveniete, § 43
Edward Holloway, Catholicism: A New Synthesis, (Wallington: Faith Keyway Publications, 1976). The essential of the theological perspective of the Faith Movement are spelt out in this work.
Steve Jones, Reith Lecture, 1991: “Why is (sex) there?... Very few animals have given up sex: the odd lizard or fish, but none of our close relatives....The frank answer is that we do not really know what sex is for. It must be important, as it is so expensive. It means that a female must waste her time producing sons, who carry only half her genes. If she gave up sex she might be able to produce just daughters who carry them all. There would be no biological reason to have males at all; and we still do not know what is the point of being a man”.
Pope John Paul II, Mulieris Dignitatem, §1: "It is a question of understanding the reason for and the consequences of the Creator’s decision that the human being should always and only exist as a woman or a man."
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 149.
In the common usage of the term.
Scott Hahn, Hail Holy Queen, The Mother of God in the Word of God ( London : Darton, Longman & Todd 2001) 63-65.
Joseph Ratzinger, Daughter Zion (San Francisco: Ignatius Press,1983); Ignace de la Potterie, Mary in the Mystery of the Covenant (New York: Alba House, 1992).
Scott Hahn, A Father Who Keeps His Promises (New York: Charis, 1998).
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 149.
John Paul II, Mulieris Dignitatem §19: "Each and every time that motherhood is repeated in human history, it is always related to the Covenant which God established with the human race through the motherhood of the Mother of God."
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 175.
Lumen Gentium, § 53; 63.
Edward Holloway, Sexual Order and Holy Order (Wallington: Faith Keyway, 1976) 20.
St Irenaeus, Adversus Haereses 3, 22, 4.
Edward Holloway, Sexual Order and Holy Order, 20.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 247.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 168.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 265.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 262.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 272.
Edward Holloway, Catholicism, 268. | <urn:uuid:f69ff2d6-03f4-41e7-9dd9-f0f7e98dd8d3> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.faith.org.uk/article/january-february-2003-mary-in-the-one-economy-of-salvation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719155.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00334-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.960619 | 6,203 | 1.992188 | 2 |
[ROME] Scientists' ethical responsibilities have been enshrined for the first time in a statute of the International Council for Science (ICSU), which represents major science academies and international science unions.
The council has amended an existing statute on scientific freedom to include an obligation on scientists to display integrity in their work, be transparent, and recognise the possible harms of what they do.
ICSU is an international non-governmental organisation whose members include the scientific bodies of 140 countries as well as 30 international scientific unions. It has long fought for the principle of the 'universality of science', which defends scientists' freedom of movement, of association, of expression and of communication, as well as equitable access to data, information and research materials.
But the council believes there is a growing feeling within the scientific community that scientists should also shoulder certain responsibilities.
Bengt Gustafsson, chair of the council's Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in the Conduct of Science, told SciDev.Net that this was partly because of the rise of issues such as climate change and food insecurity "that require science for their solution".
"Many of us feel that we have to mobilise to assist with these things," he said.
The new clause, approved overwhelmingly today (30 September) at the council's General Assembly in Rome, Italy, says: "It requires responsibility at all levels to carry out and communicate scientific work with integrity, respect, fairness, trustworthiness, and transparency, recognising its benefits and possible harms".
A supporting document, 'Freedom, Responsibility and Universality of Science', prepared by the committee, says: "There is an increasing recognition by the scientific community that it needs to more fully engage societal stakeholders in explaining, developing and implementing research agendas.
"A central aspect of ensuring the freedoms of scientists and the longer term future of science is not only conducting science responsibly but being able to publicly demonstrate that science is being conducted responsibly."
ICSU has, over the years, taken up cases of scientists whose freedom to practise has been curtailed by political situations, such as travel restrictions on South African scientists during apartheid.
Gustafsson told SciDev.Net that these campaigns, which will continue, would be strengthened by the statute.
"We [the scientists] require considerable freedom. It is good to be able to say that we are using these freedoms in a responsible way."
Carthage Smith, deputy executive director of ICSU, acknowledged that no-one could predict what effect the new statute would have.
"It is a normative statement that has the community behind it," he said. "The 'freedoms' part has had a great impact but the 'responsibility' part? We don't know."
He predicted that the committee's support for whistle-blowing under certain circumstances, expressed in the accompanying document, might strengthen scientists' resolve to speak out if they become aware of unethical behaviour.
The council's committee has in the last few years developed a stance on scientists' responsibility to communicate their findings, on codes of research ethics, and on the obligation to share scientific data, particularly with respect to the needs of scientists in developing countries. | <urn:uuid:e3e73457-d42e-4cfb-9239-0b66815753a4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.scidev.net/global/communication/news/scientists-accept-need-to-act-responsibly-1.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283689.98/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00347-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959763 | 647 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Branding is one of the biggest parts of any business; it’s a way of getting your name out there, and of making a lasting impression. Even more so, it is a way of creating an identity that people instantly recognise and trust.
One of the ways that branding gets companies noticed is through successful advertising campaigns.
These advertising ideas can be used for all kinds of branding and really, at the end of the day, the only thing stopping you implementing them is your budget!
Brand a Car
Or a fleet of cars. Or a bus. By putting your logo on cars or busses you’ll be seen by a huge number of people, all across town. Over time, people will begin to recognise your branding as something that is familiar, and this is a good thing.
You can opt for full branding or invest in car magnet decals that can be popped on and off as desired. Essentially, what you’ll be creating is a travelling billboard!
Advertise On Something Yummy
Even if your brand is something like roulette for Australian players and has nothing to do with food or beverages, advertising on a chocolate, lollipop, soft drink, coffee or similar will get attention.
It will also trigger a pleasant association as it provides an enjoyable experience to all who eat and drink whatever has been branded.
Print and TV
These may seem like old-fashioned channels of advertising, but an awesome campaign in the newspaper or on TV that gets people talking is always a good option. You could also opt for radio ads as they can gain traction too.
Alternatively, you can try and create an online campaign that goes viral if you’d prefer to stick to the digital world.
Rent a Billboard
If there’s a well-positioned billboard that’s available, grab it. Advertising in a high traffic area gets attention, and if you can come up with a clever, quirky and memorable ad, even better.
Billboards may also seem old fashioned, but they stick in people’s minds, and they are still popular for branding purposes for good reason.
If you have a product you can’t give away as samples, think about giving away samples that relate to the product in some way, and brand them.
If you sell fridges, give away magnets, if you sell cars give away air fresheners, if you sell houses give away key rings…see where we are going? It’s all part of branding and advertising.
It is amazing how successful SMS campaigns can be. Just about everyone has a smartphone that they are always looking at, so why not capitalise on this? You will have to check the legalities of your region, but often you can outsource the project to a company that specialises in SMS marketing and they will have lists of target demographics that will best suit your brand.
You can of course do the same with email, as it is just as effective, and may be even more so depending on what you are selling. | <urn:uuid:d8a77807-e213-4c56-992d-75ed5e3ece9d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.hotcompany.net/advertising-ideas/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571869.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813021048-20220813051048-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.962412 | 637 | 1.59375 | 2 |
The roof could not be mended, or, at least, it could not be mended much, without upsetting the capitalist balance, or, rather, disproportion in society; for a man with a roof is a man with a house, and to that extent his house is his castle. The cradle could not be made to rock easier, or, at least, not much easier, without strengthening the hands of the poor household, for the hand that rocks the cradle rules the world—to that extent. But it occurred to the capitalist that there was one sort of furniture in the house that could be altered. The husband and wife could be altered. Birth costs nothing, except in pain and valour and such old-fashioned things; and the merchant need pay no more for mating a strong miner to a healthy fishwife than he pays when the miner mates himself with a less robust female whom he has the sentimentality to prefer. Thus it might be possible, by keeping on certain broad lines of heredity, to have some physical improvement without any moral, political, or social improvement. It might be possible to keep a supply of strong and healthy slaves without coddling them with decent conditions. As the mill-owners use the wind and the water to drive their mills, they would use this natural force as something even cheaper; and turn their wheels by diverting from its channel the blood of a man in his youth. That is what Eugenics means; and that is all that it means.
Of the moral state of those who think of such things it does not become us to speak. The practical question is rather the intellectual one: of whether their calculations are well founded, and whether the men of science can or will guarantee them any such physical certainties. Fortunately, it becomes clearer every day that they are, scientifically speaking, building on the shifting sand. The theory of breeding slaves breaks down through what a democrat calls the equality of men, but which even an oligarchist will find himself forced to call the similarity of men. That is, that though it is not true that all men are normal, it is overwhelmingly certain that most men are normal. All the common Eugenic arguments are drawn from extreme cases, which, even if human honour and laughter allowed of their being eliminated, would not by their elimination greatly affect the mass. For the rest, there remains the enormous weakness in Eugenics, that if ordinary men’s judgment or liberty is to be discounted in relation to heredity, the judgment of the judges must be discounted in relation to their heredity. The Eugenic professor may or may not succeed in choosing a baby’s parents; it is quite certain that he cannot succeed in choosing his own parents. All his thoughts, including his Eugenic thoughts, are, by the very principle of those thoughts, flowing from a doubtful or tainted source. In short, we should need a perfectly Wise Man to do the thing at all. And if he were a Wise Man he would not do it. | <urn:uuid:bb50e07f-a07b-4479-86b9-d6dd2117fd9d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookrags.com/ebooks/2134/13.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283008.19/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00090-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.977669 | 613 | 2.5625 | 3 |
The Port of Hay Point, 30 kilometres south of Mackay, is one of the biggest and most efficient coal ports in the world. The Port Administration building features a public viewing gallery offering fantastic views of the two coal terminals.
From the viewing area you will see two separate coal terminals - the Dalrymple Bay Coal Terminal and the Hay Point Services Coal Terminal. The terminals are operated independently, each one comprises rail unloading equipment, stockpiles with stacking and reclaiming equipment, conveyors and ship loaders on off-shore wharves.
Together the two terminals serve the mines of Central Queensland. The mines are linked to the port terminals through an integrated rail-port network. Both terminals have purpose-built in-loading facilities, on-shore stockpile yards and off-shore wharves.
Loading takes place on a 24 hours per day, 365 days per year basis - over 5,000 ships have departed Dalrymple Bay since the terminal was opened in 1983 and over 7,300 ships from Hay Point since it's opening in 1970. | <urn:uuid:546b011f-d726-409f-bdcc-c3c715564a33> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.queensland.com/attraction/port-of-hay-point-lookout?redirect=www.queenslandholidays.com.au/things-to-see-and-do/nature-and-wildlife/port-of-hay-point-lookout/index.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721405.66/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00314-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930422 | 215 | 1.976563 | 2 |
Royalty free images to expand your collection
Access over 3 million images from 60 of the world’s most respected image libraries
ImageQuest draws on image libraries from the likes of Getty and the National Portrait Gallery to provide high-quality, trustworthy images for learners of all ages.
Each photo or illustration comes with fully referenced metadata information, including the source, the copyright holder, caption and keywords. Because Britannica has done the work of finding the best photos – most of which are not freely available on the web – you can trust the source and be certain that you’re providing library users with accurate images.
All images in ImageQuest are rights-cleared for non-commercial, educational use making it perfect for adult learners preparing presentations or other long documents and those creating posters for free events.
Our editors review all photos and images before they are included in the ImageQuest library to ensure they are appropriate for use by all members of the general public. | <urn:uuid:f99ef598-eda3-4785-8b20-b60498b95fbc> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://britannica.co.uk/products/public-libraries/britannica-imagequest/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00479.warc.gz | en | 0.89609 | 209 | 1.9375 | 2 |
Lesson 1 (from Chapters 1-3)
Gail Carson Levine is an American author of young adult novels. Levine's first novel, "Ella Enchanted" was published in 1997 and received a Newbery Honor. Many of her works are inspired by fairy tales and fantasy. Some of her other works include the novels, "Dave at Night", "The Wish", and "Fairest". This lesson discusses the author of the novel, "Ella Enchanted", Gail Carson Levine.
1) Library research: Have students research the author, Gail Carson Levine. Explore the other works she has written, as well as her personal background. Take a look at interviews, critical essays, and the author's blog or website to gain information on her writing and where "Ella Enchanted" fits in with her other novels.
2) Presentation: Have students get into pairs and prepare a presentation, using their research on Carson Levine and her canon. Have each group read an excerpt from different novels...
This section contains 7,998 words
(approx. 27 pages at 300 words per page) | <urn:uuid:5aad3ed5-64d8-4609-b3e9-82f86b031779> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bookrags.com/lessonplan/ella-enchanted2/lessons.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00010-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.947577 | 228 | 3.765625 | 4 |
A nose fracture is a break in the bone or cartilage over the bridge, or in the sidewall or septum (structure that divides the nostrils) of the nose.
Fracture of the nose; Broken nose; Nasal fracture
A fractured nose is the most common fracture of the face. It usually occurs after an injury and often occurs with other fractures of the face.
Sometimes a blunt injury can cause the wall dividing the nostrils (septum) to separate.
Nose injuries and neck injuries are often seen together because a blow that is forceful enough to injure the nose may be hard enough to injure the neck.
Serious nose injuries cause problems that need a health care provider's attention right away. For example, damage to the cartilage can cause a collection of blood to form inside the nose. If this blood is not drained right away, it can cause an abscess or a permanent deformity that blocks the nose. It may lead to tissue death and cause the nose to collapse.
For minor nose injuries, the health care provider may want to see the patient within the first week after the injury to see if the nose has moved out of its normal shape.
Occasionally, surgery may be needed to correct a nose or septum that has been bent out of shape by an injury.
- Blood coming from the nose
- Bruising around the eyes
- Difficulty breathing through the nose
- Misshapen appearance (may not be obvious until the swelling goes down)
The bruised appearance usually disappears after 2 weeks.
- Try to stay calm.
- Breathe through your mouth and lean forward in a sitting position to keep blood from going down the back of your throat.
- Apply cold compresses to your nose to reduce swelling. If possible, hold the compress so that there isn't too much pressure on the nose.
- To help relieve pain, acetaminophen (Tylenol) is recommended.
- Do NOT try to straighten a broken nose.
- Do NOT move the person if there is reason to suspect a head or neck injury.
When to Contact a Medical Professional
Get medical help right away if:
- Bleeding will not stop
- Clear fluid keeps draining from the nose
- You suspect a blood clot in the septum
- You suspect a neck or head injury
- The nose looks deformed or out of its usual shape
- The person is having difficulty breathing
Wear protective headgear while playing contact sports, riding bicycles, skateboards, roller skates, or rollerblades.
Use seat belts and appropriate car seats when driving.
Chegar BE, Tatum SA III. Nasal fractures. In: Flint PW, Haughey BH, Lund LJ, et al, eds. Cummings Otolaryngology: Head & Neck Surgery. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2010:chap 35.
Riviello RJ. Otolaryngologic procedures. In: Roberts JR, Hedges JR, eds. Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:chap 64.
McKay MP, Mayersak RJ. Facial trauma. In: Marx JA, Hockberger RS, Walls RM, et al, eds. Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice. 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2009:chap 39.
Linda J. Vorvick, MD, Medical Director, MEDEX Northwest Division of Physician Assistant Studies, University of Washington, School of Medicine; Seth Schwartz, MD, MPH, Otolaryngologist, Virginia Mason Medical Center, Seattle, Washington. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
The information provided herein should not be used during any medical emergency or for the diagnosis or treatment of any medical condition. A licensed medical professional should be consulted for diagnosis and treatment of any and all medical conditions. Links to other sites are provided for information only -- they do not constitute endorsements of those other sites. © 1997-
A.D.A.M., Inc. Any duplication or distribution of the information contained herein is strictly prohibited. | <urn:uuid:22bd87f4-972b-483a-9d90-c56a67878a3b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.stlukes-stl.com/health-content/womens/1/000061.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00191-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.865035 | 890 | 3.34375 | 3 |
Date – 27 January 2022
Time – 3:00 pm - 4:30 pm
PlantNetwork have a Winter/Spring series of webinars taking place from January to March.
In this webinar, they hear from three gardens about their native plant conservation projects and discuss what gardens can do to contribute to the conservation of British flora. Speakers include Mark Brent from Oxford Botanic Garden, Martine Borge from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh and Carly Green from the National Botanic Garden of Wales.
Full details and registration can be found on the PlantNetwork website.
The webinar is free to PlantNetwork members with a small charge to non-members. | <urn:uuid:f646d740-ed38-4675-8770-2861801d7502> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.horticulture.org.uk/events/plantnetwork-webinar-conservation-of-native-plants/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571982.99/warc/CC-MAIN-20220813172349-20220813202349-00068.warc.gz | en | 0.919752 | 137 | 1.84375 | 2 |
Who Speaks for China’s Workers?
Leslie T. Chang, author of Factory Girls, received a standing ovation when she closed her TED Talk about the lives, aspirations, and—above all—upward mobility of China’s workers who make our products.
Feeling Good about Yourself
It’s a feel-good, “happy worker” story, filled with young women who start at the bottom in factory jobs, then rise by taking courses to become sales executives, secretaries, English instructors, and entrepreneurs, starting successful businesses of all kinds. The Chinese dream fulfilled!
Chang is excited to find that Lu Qing Min and many other young assembly-line workers do have funny and surprising ideas to share, so she sets out to rescue these “faceless masses” from oblivion.
Chang shows us the branded leather purse Min gave her; it refreshes fond memories. She suggests that our purchase of imported commodities from China—and other countries in the global South—has helped worker/consumers like Min to improve their lives. Min’s is a world of consumption: iPhones, LeSportsac handbags, Coach purses, and, yes, even a second-hand Buick!
For Chang, the experiences of Min and her fancy-free sisters in a changing China finally lay to rest some old-fashioned Marxist formulations about labor, production, and consumption. She offers Min as a global icon of a successful Chinese worker: young, self-driven, and supremely hopeful.
Asked how she would advise Apple executives on their Chinese operations, Chang suggests they offer English classes and computer training to self-motivated workers. That’s simple and uplifting. Hence the applause; there’s no need for any of us to feel concern about the Chinese workers who toil in sweatshop conditions to produce the goods we cherish. After all, they are free to leave their homes in the countryside, to work in a booming export sector that rewards them with the identical products.
New Generation of Migrant Workers
What is life really like for China’s 262 million rural migrant workers, the core of the new working class?
Young Chinese workers, better educated than their predecessors, have strong expectations of higher wages, better working conditions, and career advancement. The rural households from which they come retain land-use rights to small plots of land in their native villages. For many, this land staves off starvation in times of adversity, but it cannot provide a livelihood—least of all for the increasing numbers of second- or even third-generation rural migrants who grew up in the cities and have no farming skills.
Young migrants generally return to their villages only to marry and have children. This pattern persists because most “low-skilled,” “low-educated” migrants are not permitted to change their household registration (hukou) from rural to urban. Even after years of working in the city, these families are denied equal access to many welfare, health, and retirement benefits, and their children cannot receive urban public education, especially in the higher grades.
This spatial separation between production in the city and child-rearing in the countryside means that rural migrant workers cannot become completely proletarian; they are caught between two worlds. Min “chooses” to pursue “a life that is worth living,” but is only able to do so by leaving behind her two daughters and her husband in the village.
Twelve-hour days of high-speed repetition on a production line are not pleasurable or self-fulfilling. Chang tells us, however, that the pressures and pains of the assembly line do not matter to these young workers—much less alienation from the products of their labor. They “could not care less about who buys their products.” What they do in the factory, and how miserable their living conditions are, is unimportant to them. They live to earn income and to buy designer goods in the bustling city of Dongguan (in South China).
“Birds, don’t be silly, no one cares whether you’re tired from flying, people only care how high you fly!” writes Ou Yang, 19, a woman factory worker from rural Hubei in China’s central region, on her blog (my translation).
Yang, like many of her peers, does not identify herself as a peasant; she has no experience of farming, has no desire to live in the countryside, and has known the city throughout her life. For the post-1990s cohorts of migrant workers, the higher their aspirations, the sharper is the contrast to their grim reality.
Rather than investigate the challenges faced by this new generation of workers, Chang reaffirms her own narrative: a myth of personal struggle and success.
I’m Like You
Within 12 months in 2010, 18 young migrant workers attempted suicide at facilities of Foxconn, China’s largest private employer and the primary manufacturer for Apple and many other electronics giants. Fourteen died, while four survived with crippling injuries. These workers were between 17 and 25—in the prime of youth.
The tragedies alarmed Chinese society, as well as the international community. The responsibility is not Foxconn’s alone—although, as the manufacturer of more than 50 percent of the world’s electronic products, it is an enormous player and bears direct responsibility. Nor are the problems limited to Foxconn workers or to those producing Apple products.
They extend far beyond the factory floor, to the global corporate giants headquartered in the West and East Asia, who put the profit squeeze on Foxconn and other producers in their commodity chains.
Former Foxconn worker Yan Jun wrote this poem in memory of her fellow workers who had committed suicide:
For My Departed Brothers and Sisters
I’m just like you
I was just like you:
A teenager leaving home
Eager to make my own way in the world.
I was just like you:
My mind struggling in the rush of the assembly line,
My body tied to the machine.
Each day yearning to sleep
Yet in despair, fighting for overtime.
In the dormitory, I was just like you:
Everyone a stranger
Lining up, drawing water, brushing teeth
Rushing off to our different factories
Sometimes I think I’ll go home
But if I go home, what then?
I was just like you:
Always yelled at
My self-respect trampled mercilessly
Does life mean turning my youth and my sweat into raw material
Leaving my dreams without a soul, collapsing with a bang?
I was just like you:
Told to work hard
Follow instructions and keep still.
I was just like you:
My eyes, lonely and exhausted,
My heart, agitated and panicky.
I was just like you:
Entrapped in rules
The pain makes me wish for an end to this life.
The only difference:
In the end I escaped the factory,
And you died young in an alien land.
I see in your determined bright red blood
Once more the image of myself
Pressed and squeezed so tightly I cannot move.
(Translated by Gregory Fay and Jeffery Hermanson)
Jun’s generation misses their parents and loved ones. Many think of “going home”; nevertheless, the hopes and dreams of most remain fixed on the cities. They have fled stagnant villages that hold, for them, only the promise of slow death.
Chang discourages global consumers from reflecting on the workers who manufacture our iPads at heavy personal cost. Indeed, she naively suggests we pin our hopes for workers’ well-being on the benevolence of Apple.
As one of the world’s biggest and richest companies, Apple goes through the motions of policing its suppliers while distancing itself from responsibility. But Apple causes illegal forced overtime by imposing short delivery deadlines on production. Apple forces down wages by pressing for ever-lower prices. Labor disputes over wages and benefits, overtime work, production safety, termination of employment contracts, exploitation of student interns including child labor, and forced job transfers have surged.
Chinese workers have joined a range of actions—from lawsuits to wildcat strikes. Some of these actions have achieved remarkable success. Apple and Foxconn now find themselves in a limelight that challenges their corporate images, requiring that they at least pay lip service to labor reforms.
But workers at 1.4 million-strong Foxconn who have tried to voice their concerns have been blocked by management or the company’s union, affiliated with the state and the Communist Party. The Chinese state’s regulatory power is potentially strong—yet it has chosen to permit, and even facilitate, deepening inequalities.
In this multilayered network of corporate interests and state power, young migrant workers in the rapidly growing industrial sector are struggling to define and defend their rights. As the labor shortage drives up minimum wages, and aggrieved workers hold protests, all these forces are combining to challenge the low-cost, export-oriented development model.
Conscientious consumers in the U.S., China, and other parts of the world are calling on Apple and other global companies to respect workers’ rights and dignity. But no corporation can behave “conscientiously.” That would violate the iron principle of maximum profits.
Instead, local university researchers and Western trade unionists have explored direct engagement with workers through in-factory rights trainings.
How could institutional consumers at universities leverage their purchasing power to pressure Apple to comply with national labor laws and their own corporate codes of conduct? The campus-based digital product market has become highly competitive. This means concerned students and faculty can mobilize to leverage their universities’ purchasing power to require Apple to assume responsibility for factory conditions. What if student activists were to picket iCampus (authorized Apple campus stores) and negotiate with university administrators to press Apple to recognize the legitimacy of Foxconn workers’ demands?
University anti-sweatshop movements in the West have had success against apparel multinationals. They’ve helped unions in developing countries negotiate with Nike, Adidas, and Russell Athletic. Students and faculty, with support of international trade unionists and non-governmental labor groups, have gained access to brands’ suppliers in Mexico, Honduras, Indonesia, and other countries to monitor working conditions, facilitate the signing of collective contracts, and support the formation of unions through democratic elections.
In Hong Kong and mainland China, student activists are now appealing to Apple consumers worldwide to support Foxconn workers.
If the new generation of workers succeeds in building real unions and community-based workers’ centers, they will transform the future of labor and democracy, not only in China but throughout the world. These—as the TED Talks tagline advertises—are the real “ideas worth spreading.”
Jenny Chan (wlchan_cuhk[at]yahoo[dot]com) is an advisor to SACOM (Students and Scholars Against Corporate Misbehavior) in Hong Kong. She is a co-author, with Pun Ngai and Mark Selden, of Separate Dreams: Apple, Foxconn and a New Generation of Chinese Workers, forthcoming. The author would like to thank Ellen David Friedman for her warm encouragement. | <urn:uuid:845a9138-1b6a-460e-b266-c87650554a0d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://labornotes.org/blogs/2013/05/who-speaks-china%E2%80%99s-workers | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720468.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00488-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952709 | 2,353 | 1.9375 | 2 |
When it comes to buying gasoline, it’s easy to feel like we’re at the mercy of the oil-producing nations or the giant oil companies. What can we do if Kuwait decides to cut back on production or if ExxonMobil decides to close a large refinery?
Nothing, but there are things we can do to spend less money on gasoline. Here are five tips that work for a lot of motorists:
Get an app. The app market is full of money-saving products, and many of them are free. One of the more popular gas-related apps is GasBuddy, which uses reports from consumers to list the gas stations near you, the price per gallon and the directions to get there. You can get updates hourly or daily, depending on where you live, and those who use it report saving $2 or $3 every time they fill up their tanks. GasBuddy is available on the iPhone, Android and BlackBerry .
Drive the speed limit, especially on highways. Gas costs an estimated 29 cents per gallon more when you drive 65 mph rather than 60, 58 cents per gallon more when you go 70 mph rather than 60 and 87 cents per gallon more when you drive 75 rather than 60. Slow down — and save money.
Turn on the AC. If you drive 60 mph or more in the summer, turn on the air conditioner and roll up the windows. You ’ll burn less fuel if you do that, according to road tests that considered aerodynamic drag. The faster you drive, the more of a factor aerodynamic drag becomes, so roll up your windows to lessen the drag. You can burn even less gas, of course, if you also turn off the air conditioner, but you’ll be very uncomfortable.
Avoid ethanol. This may be politically incorrect, but avoid buying gasoline with ethanol, whenever possible. The federal government has been promoting ethanol for decades as a renewable, homegrown alternative to 100-percent gasoline, and environmental groups talk it up, but it stores less energy than gasoline and reduces gas mileage by 10 percent or more, according to numerous studies.
Check your tires. According to the U.S. Department of Energy, you can improve your gas mileage by as much as 3.3 percent by keeping your tires properly inflated. Not only that, but properly inflated tires are safer and last longer. To find out the proper tire pressure, look in your vehicle’s owner’s manual or at the sticker in the driver’s side door jamb or in the glove box. | <urn:uuid:3376fb15-8ea0-444d-ba5f-5c469be09c59> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.hellowallet.com/blog/5-ways-to-save-money-on-gasoline/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988718285.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183838-00105-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.930726 | 522 | 2.3125 | 2 |
Guest post by Jeff Mosenkis of Innovations for Poverty Action.
- There are too many twists and turns to quote in the amazing story behind the refugee who brought us Transformers.
- The Canadian CEO who’s saved 200 Syrian refugees and counting.
- The Development Impact Blog has an impressive series of posts by candidates about their job market papers.
- The obituary of Larry Colburn, who helped stop the My Lai massacre.
- GiveWell staffers’ personal charity choices for this year (just once I’d like to see “Everything to Harvard Alumni Fund!”)
- Go to school – mob edition. A paper finds positive returns to education for 1940’s Italian-American gangsters:
We find that mobsters have significant returns to education of 7.5–8.5%… Mobster returns were consistently about twice as large as a sample of Italian immigrants or immigrants from all origin countries. Within that, those charged with complex crimes including embezzlement and bookmaking have the highest returns.
Ungated here (h/t David Evans & Shwetlena Sabarwal)
And to those job candidates who don’t get your first choice, it’s good to have a backup:
— George Wu (@geowu) December 4, 2016 | <urn:uuid:f8e7db7a-cf89-4878-a986-498066e3918e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://chrisblattman.com/2016/12/22/ipas-weekly-links-92/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280065.57/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00546-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942097 | 280 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Denise Odello: Support needed for counseling in Morris schools
MORRIS -- I would like to bring the state of counseling at the Morris Area School District to the attention of residents of the district, especially those with children in school.
Currently there is one school counselor for all of the approximately 1,000 students at Morris Area Elementary and High Schools. No matter how wonderful someone is in this position, they cannot possibly be effective for so many students.
The counselor is responsible for providing across the board coverage of a model counseling program (classroom counseling, group counseling, individual counseling) covering academics, personal-social issues and careers. It is unrealistic to expect one counselor to provide all of these services adequately for 1,000 students.
This person is expected to provide classroom counseling for all grades, group counseling, individual counseling, and deal with student crises when they occur. She is also responsible for keeping track of student credits, academic progress, and career counseling at the high school level. She functions as school psychologist, guidance counselor, and social worker. There is no way one position can effectively cover all of these areas for all of these students.
This situation is especially concerning when one considers what other schools in our area do. This information is from this previous fall:
• At West Central Area Schools, there is one counselor for the 305 students at the elementary level. At the upper elementary (5/6) and high school level, there are three positions (social/academic adviser, school psychologist, and social worker) for 427 students.
• At Monticello High School, there are three counselors for 1,209 students.
• At the Osakis Schools, there is a counselor, a counselor’s secretary, a school psychologist and a social worker for 864 students.
• ACGC Schools have two counselors for 790 students.
As of February of this year, the nation-wide average ratio of students to school counselor is 477 to 1; the largest state average in the nation is California with 945 to 1. Morris Area’s ratio is even worse than this.
Several studies have shown the effectiveness of school counseling, such as the following:
• Students who participate in counseling programs have significantly less behavioral problems and a more positive attitude towards school.
• School counselors are effective in reducing students becoming victims at school by assisting victimized children, reducing bullying behaviors, and modifying the school climate and culture.
• Comprehensive school counseling programs is consistently associated in studies with important indicators of student safety and success, such as earning higher grades, having better relationships with their teachers, and believing that their education is important to their future success.
• Students who have access to counseling programs report being more positive and have greater feelings of belonging and safety at school.
• Preventative counseling occurring before students are in crisis reduces the risk of students dropping out of high school later.
Classroom counseling covers students learning a basic feelings vocabulary, self advocacy, friendship making skills, conflict resolution and empathy. These programs deal with coping, grief, violence, drugs, bullying and personal safety. Classroom counseling allows a safe place for children and teens to make themselves heard and the vocabulary to tell others when life is not okay. Group and individual counseling can focus on particular issues for affected students, like recovery from addiction, relational aggression, etc. Individual counseling sessions help particular students in great need.
How can one person effectively do all of this in addition to the academic side of things: academic counseling, tracking school credits, career guidance, etc. for 1,000 students?
Simply put, one person cannot do all of these things effectively. Classroom counseling has been cut back to only certain grades (K, 2, 4, 6 currently), and further reductions are being discussed. Group counseling sessions are infrequent, and individual counseling sessions are so booked that a student may not be able to get preventative help when they really need it. A student crisis trumps everything because there is only one person handling all of these things. Students certainly can’t have access to all of the career and academic counseling they may need with only one person being stretched so thin.
Our current school board and administration is apparently fine with this state, or at least prefer to put resources elsewhere. Superintendent Scott Monson has not presented the addition of another licensed school counselor position to the school board, so now it is up to concerned parents to make their voices heard. Please join me in supporting the hiring of an additional licensed school counselor.
Please consider actions you can take:
• Attend the school board meeting this Monday and voice your concerns during the open comment period.
• Tell other concerned parents about this issue and encourage them to contact members of the school board.
As a parent with young children entering the school district, I want them to have the skills they need to be successful and happy. Clearly counseling is a vital part of this, and our schools are falling far short. | <urn:uuid:b805f32d-094d-480f-b8b7-55593271c351> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.morrissuntribune.com/content/denise-odello-support-needed-counseling-morris-schools | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00228-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.963648 | 1,010 | 1.796875 | 2 |
Out this month from Johns Hopkins University Press is Murder and the Making of English CSI by Ian Burney and Neil Pemberton, both of the University of Manchester. From the press:
Crime scene investigation—or CSI—has captured the modern imagination. On television screens and in newspapers, we follow the exploits of forensic officers wearing protective suits and working behind police tape to identify and secure physical evidence for laboratory analysis. But where did this ensemble of investigative specialists and scientific techniques come from?
In Murder and the Making of English CSI, Ian Burney and Neil Pemberton tell the engrossing history of how, in the first half of the twentieth century, novel routines, regulations, and techniques—from chain-of-custody procedures to the analysis of hair, blood, and fiber—fundamentally transformed the processing of murder scenes. Focusing on two iconic English investigations—the 1924 case of Emily Kaye, who was beaten and dismembered by her lover at a lonely beachfront holiday cottage, and the 1953 investigation into John Christie’s serial murders in his dingy terraced home in London’s West End—Burney and Pemberton chart the emergence of the crime scene as a new space of forensic activity.
Drawing on fascinating source material ranging from how-to investigator handbooks and detective novels to crime journalism, police case reports, and courtroom transcripts, the book shows readers how, over time, the focus of murder inquiries shifted from a primarily medical and autopsy-based interest in the victim’s body to one dominated by laboratory technicians laboring over minute trace evidence. Murder and the Making of English CSI reveals the compelling and untold story of how one of the most iconic features of our present-day forensic landscape came into being. It is a must-read for forensic scientists, historians, and true crime devotees alike.
Praise after the jump.
"Burney and Pemberton trace the transition of the forensic pathologist from the sole embodiment of truth to the team approach of modern crime scene investigation. Spellbinding cases illustrate the development of modern techniques of English forensic science and the waning authority of the English forensic pathologist. In a post-DNA world, the autopsy and crime scene are not forgotten and are neglected only at the risk of justice itself." -Jeffrey Jentzen
"For all the talk about ‘CSI’ these days, there is very little history of it. This nuanced and fascinating history of English crime scene reconstruction has an uncanny prescience for today's debates about how to manage crime scene evidence.” -Simon A. Cole
"This disturbing, powerful, and beautifully crafted book shows us how CSI has gained its iconic place in modern murders. Taking us deep into the grisly world of the crime scene, the mortuary, the laboratory, and the courtroom, the authors explain that forensic science, far from simply discovering truth, produces knowledge grounded in contingent and changing concepts, techniques, and institutions." -James Vernon
"In a world where the science of DNA appears to be squeezing out the other specialities, here is the unsqueezed history of extraordinary scientific discovery. A dazzling account of the evolution of crime scene and its management, Murder and the Making of English CSI is a full-on drama of scientific ingenuity and invention where CSI meets historical thriller." -Barbara Machin
Full information is available here. | <urn:uuid:52d5157e-3529-44a7-9b78-4efecddcc052> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://legalhistoryblog.blogspot.com/2016/09/new-release-burney-and-pemberton-on-csi.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721027.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00550-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.903704 | 692 | 2.203125 | 2 |
Acting Ensign, 12 September, 1862. Lost on Monitor, 31 December, 1862
Officers of the Continental and U.S. Navy and Marine Corps, 1775-1900 about Norman Atwater
Name: Norman Atwater
Rank Information: Acting Ensign, Lost on Monitor
Service Dates: 12 Sep 1862
Military Branch: US Navy Officers (1798-1900)
NOAA archaeologists and Mariners' Museum conservators have found within the turret artifacts specifically associated with four of the 16 men who perished. All are pieces of silver or silver-plated tableware, and all are of different patterns, indicating that they had likely been brought from home by the individual officers or crewmen.
Among them is a spoon bearing the initials "NKA." Norman Knox Attwater, Acting Ensign, came on board the Monitor in November 1862. He originally hailed from New Haven Connecticut and was acquainted with William Keeler's father in-law.
The prime contract for construction of Monitor was awarded to her designer John Ericsson on 4 October 1861. Construction of her hull was subcontracted to the Continental Iron Works at Green Point, Long Island; fabrication of her engines was delegated to Delamater & Co., New York City; and the building of her turret, composed of eight layers of 1-inch iron plates, was assigned to Novelty Iron Works, also of New York City. The unusual warship—the first ironclad in the U.S. Navy—was launched 30 January 1862; and commissioned 25 February, Lt. John L. Worden in command.
The ironclad departed New York Navy Yard 27 February 1862, but a steering failure caused her to return to port. On 6 March, she again departed the New York Navy Yard, though this time she was under tow by Seth Low, and headed for the Virginia Capes.
As Monitor approached Cape Henry on the afternoon of 8 March, CSS Virginia, the former U.S. steam frigate Merrimack—now rebuilt as an ironclad ram—steamed out of the Elizabeth River into Hampton Roads and attacked the wooden hulled Union warships blockading Norfolk. Flag Officer Franklin Buchanan, the Confederate commander, singled out sailing sloop Cumberland as his first victim.
She opened the engagement when less than a mile distant from Cumberland and the firing became general from blockaders and shore batteries; but most shots from the Union guns glanced harmlessly off the Confederate ironclad's slanted sides. Virginia rammed Cumberland below the waterline and she sank rapidly. Buchanan later reported the Union sailors remained "gallantly fighting her guns as long as they were above water." Buchanan next turned Virginia's attention on the frigate Congress, which had run hard aground while attempting to close, and the set her ablaze with hot shot and incendiary shell. She also damaged Minnesota before retiring to Sewell's Point for the night.
Monitor's crew could hear the roar of cannon as they rounded Cape Henry into Chesapeake Bay and headed toward the scene of battle. But all was quiet when she hove to alongside Roanoke. Captain Marston directed Worden to assist battered Minnesota, hard aground off Newport News.
At dawn, Virginia again emerged and headed toward Minnesota to administer the coup de grace. Monitor steamed out of Minnesota's shadow to intercept the Confederate ironclad ram. A Confederate officer on CSS Patrick Henry, one of Virginia's paddle wheel consorts, described the Union challenger as "an immense shingle floating on the water with a gigantic cheese box rising from its center; no sails, no wheels, no smokestack, no guns." But the unusual federal vessel soon won the respect of friend and foe alike, fighting the Confederate ironclad to a standstill in an exhausting four-hour duel. With both warships damaged and running low on shot, Virginia retired to Sewell's point after failing to break the Federal blockade.
In the weeks that followed, Monitor remained alert in Hampton Roads ready to renew the engagement should Virginia venture forth. The southern ram did make a brief appearance off Sewell's Point on 11 April, but neither side forced a second engagement between the two vessels. Early in May, while General McClellan pushed through Yorktown and up the peninsula toward Richmond, the South withdrew from Norfolk and the southern bank of the James River, retiring toward the Confederate capital. Virginia, with too deep a draft to reach Richmond, was set afire 11 May and blew up soon thereafter.
Monitor, reinforced by ironclads Galena and Naugatuck, steamed up the James to gather information for McClellan and to strengthen the Union Army's left flank. On 15 May, however, when they reached Drury's Bluff some eight miles below the southern capital, their progress was stopped by obstructions across the channel. Confederate riflemen fired on the Union ships from both shores and heavy naval guns mounted high on the cliff shelled them from an angle which minimized the effectiveness of their armor. Although Monitor moved up to protect the heavily damaged Galena, her crew was unable to elevate her guns to hit the shore batteries, and so the ironclads retreated downstream.
Although checked in their thrust toward Richmond, the Union ships continued to provide McClellan with gunfire support. After his defeat by General Lee in the Seven days campaign, their guns helped save the Army of the Potomac from annihilation.
At midsummer, Monitor helped cover the Union Army as it retired from the peninsula to shift operations back to northern Virginia. Thereafter, she performed blockade duty in Hampton Roads until ordered on Christmas Eve to proceed to North Carolina for operations against Wilmington. Towed by Rhode Island, she departed the Virginia Capes 29 December for Beaufort, but the historic warship foundered in a storm off Cape Hatteras shortly after midnight 31 December. Four officers and 12 men went down with Monitor.
The wreckage of the ironclad was discovered in 1973 by a team of scientists from Duke University, the State of North Carolina, and the Massachusetts Institute Technology. As part of a series of marine sanctuary laws passed by the U.S. Congress, the site of the wreck was designated a National Marine Sanctuary on 30 January 1975 and placed under the protection of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Owing to deterioration of the wreck from storm and other damage, some artifacts—such as the propeller shaft and hull plates—were later recovered for historic preservation. Starting in March 2001, a five month long expedition involving NOAA, the Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA), Mobile Diving and Salvage Unit Two (MDSU TWO) and The Mariners' Museum, raised the ironclads innovative steam engine and other parts recovered at the site. The following year, in July and August 2002, the gun turret was raised from the site. These artifacts were transferred to the Mariner's Museum in Newport News, Va., for historic preservation. | <urn:uuid:4b1f9ac6-e4af-42e3-b64b-da895dfd11c8> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.fold3.com/page/530055952_ens_norman_knox_atwater_navy/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00242-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.95973 | 1,411 | 2.671875 | 3 |
Canadian officials report an outbreak of a rare form of chlamydia in Toronto, with all but one of the 30 cases reported occurring in gay and bisexual men.
Outbreaks of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) also have been reported among gay men in Europe and in several U.S. cities.
The sexually transmitted disease, which causes genital and rectal bleeding and scarring or even spinal or brain complications if left untreated, is normally seen only in tropical areas of the world.
Most of the LGV cases reported in Toronto occurred in men also coinfected with HIV, health officials say. It isn’t clear if HIV infection makes it more likely to become infected with LGV or if HIV-positive men are simply engaging in riskier behaviors that put them at risk for coinfection with the STD.
Canadian health officials say they are worried that the LGV outbreak among gay men coupled with an existing syphilis outbreak could dramatically raise the risks of HIV’s spread among gay men since both STDs can boost the changes for HIV transmissions.
“It’s a marker for high-risk sex and partner change,’ said Kelly McDonald, chair of the Ontario HIV Treatment Network. “In every study with explosive rates of HIV you see syphilis.”
This article appeared in the Dallas Voice print edition, June 23, 2006. | <urn:uuid:e8ec8bee-d883-4dea-8ed9-8f83df84a9aa> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.dallasvoice.com/rare-std-reported-in-canada-1021326.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280587.1/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00565-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.952089 | 286 | 2.34375 | 2 |
1. Someone calling themselves an equine dentist has no regulating board or formal association that over sees and confirms they have received proper (or any) education in equine dentistry. Sure there are equine dentistry schools and organizations out there, but there is no unifying organization that oversees these programs to ensure everyone that graduates has received an acceptable education and has obtained an acceptable level of competency in what was taught. If the person is utilizing dangerous techniques and traumatizes your horse you have no State Licensing Board to file a complaint with, no license to pull.
2. Any lay equine dentist giving or supplying sedation for you to give your horse is practicing veterinary medicine with out a license which not only is illegal but dangerous. These drugs can be deadly if given incorrectly.
3. Lay equine dentist are not required to carry and often can not obtain insurance. Sure you might be able to take them to small claims, but that's only if you can track the person down since often times they are traveling through states picking up work where ever possible. Veterinarians are required to carry malpractice insurance. Should an unfortunate event happen to your horse, you have a chance to be compensated to fix what was done wrong. If you use a lay dentist under direct supervision of a veterinarian on site then the liability (and coverage) will be available through the veterinarian.
4. It is a true that in the past veterinary schools offered limited education during school. However most veterinarians that now offer dental services have a true interest in dentistry and should have sought continuing education since school (mentor-ship, conferences, courses). In addition there have been many advances in the curriculum of many veterinary schools so that recent graduates have had classes and ample hands on experience to handle a majority of routine floats. There are just as many bad lay equine dentist as bad equine vets. Don't fall for the marketing ploy commonly used by solo-practicing lay equine dentists.
5. You need to get references and avoid hype. Many horse owners (people in general) have moved towards a "natural" method to treatment and healing. Many may like the idea of a "natural" float or someone offering a less traumatic-sedation free float. The fact is (again fact, not my opinion) a horse needs to be fully sedated with a mouth speculum in space with adequate head stand, bright head lamp, and appropriate instruments to inspect the mouth prior to floating. A sedation free float may knock off a few sharp points, but will provide zero evaluation on the health of your horse and its teeth. Horses are amazingly stoic animals and can have fractured or infected teeth for months to years with out showing a change in appetite or weight. If you don't look you never find these problems and the horse suffers in silence or they fester in their mouths until the horse becomes physically ill. Another problem with sedation free floats is they often lead to excessive tooth removal, inadequate tooth reduction, or soft tissue damage because the individual is going off feel verses looking at what they are doing to your horse. The horse world is full of gimmicks playing on peoples lack of experience and knowledge so try to use common sense and don't let people play on your emotions. Would you want your dentist working in your mouth blindfolded going off feel?
For me its not about the money or pride in my degree, for me its all about the animal who can't tell us where it hurts and often don't tell us when it hurts. | <urn:uuid:7042d7f9-ba27-4fd4-9588-e91a21d21f0f> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.horseforum.com/horse-health/farrier-vet-equine-dentist-who-should-62535/page3/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279915.8/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00279-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.968216 | 716 | 2 | 2 |
The AMX 30
The birth of the AMX-30 tank goes back to 1956, when a working group of French, German and Italian experts is working out the specifications of a European medium tank to replace the original US 47. The first prototypes are delivered in 1960 and, despite the halting of the international collaboration in 1963, mass production is launched to equip the French army.
Designed by Issy-les-Moulineaux Construction Workshops (AMX), the AMX-30 is an assembly of cast and wrought steel, the turret is cast in one piece. The crew consists of 4 men. The pilot is seated at the left front of the chassis, the 3 other crew members (the tank commander and the shooter on the right, the shipper on the left) are installed in the turret.
The AMX 30 is commissioned from 1967. The first regiment to be equipped with it was the 503e regiment of combat tanks at Mourmelon, followed by the 501e at Rambouillet. The regiments stationed in Germany are equipped with the following series from the Roanne workshops. | <urn:uuid:45b34fba-0625-49d7-8a53-4a3a5cd70842> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.museedesblindes.fr/en/presentation-du-musee-des-blindes/plan-des-salles-du-musee-des-blindes-saumur/salle-france-contemporaine/item/l-amx-30 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00465.warc.gz | en | 0.938815 | 225 | 2.1875 | 2 |
To paraphrase astronomer Carl Sagan, there are billions and billions of stars in the galaxy. But scientists hoping to find out how they got there in the first place are leaning on IBM
The Armonk, N.Y.-based computer giant Thursday said it has sold five of its eServer p690 systems to the University of Rochester as part scientist’s research into how stars are born and other high-science projects.
The largest of the five new multi-million dollar ultra-high-speed machines contains 32 POWER4 microprocessors and is operated by the Department of Computer Science. The unit will help researchers develop more power-efficient chips, as well as methods that let software run on different types of machines spread across the Internet. The system will also be used to develop a technique known as Complexity-Adaptive Processing, which reconfigures chips as they run, allowing them to meet the needs of software with as little energy as possible.
The other four supercomputers, each with 16 processors, are installed in the University’s Laboratory for Laser Energetics (LLE). Scientists will use the supercomputers in concert with the University’s powerful “Omega” laser in their quest to understand fusion. IBM said the new p690 systems will help create simulations of laser shots and develop a greater understanding of fusion as the nuclear process that powers stars.
“Interesting point here is that the laser itself uses more than 100 times the power consumed by the entire nation in a billionth of a second to blast millimeter-sized targets,” said IBM Server Group spokesperson Charles Zinkowski.
Using one of the IBM eServer p690s and software from the department’s InterWeave project, astronomers will create incredibly detailed animations depicting the birth of stars. In the future, the p690 and InterWeave said they will serve as the foundation for three-dimensional virtual reality applications.
The department’s machine was awarded to the university through a grant from IBM’s Shared University Research (SUR) program, which Big Blue doles out to colleges to facilitate research projects in areas of mutual interest.
Another project at LLE aims to make it easier for processors inside a supercomputer to synchronize their activities, which may lead to dramatic improvements in the speed of certain database systems and high-end operating systems.
University researchers are also using IBM’s AIX5L UNIX operating system and other software products provided via IBM’s Scholars program. | <urn:uuid:55fd02b4-d60d-47a9-aa54-fd1353a9d92d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.internetnews.com/enterprise/ibm-helping-explore-how-stars-are-born/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00472.warc.gz | en | 0.936927 | 522 | 3.140625 | 3 |
A statistically significant difference of survival was observed between the surgical groups of different laryngeal regions treated by near-total laryngectomy.
Aslan I, Baserer N, Yazicioglu E, Oysu C, Tinaz M, Kiyak E, Biliciler N. Near-Total Laryngectomy for Laryngeal Carcinomas With Subglottic Extension. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2002;128(2):177-180. doi:10.1001/archotol.128.2.177
To investigate whether Pearson classic near-total laryngectomy is a sensible surgical treatment modality for laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension.
Retrospective analysis of patients treated by near-total laryngectomy in a university hospital that is an academic tertiary health care center.
Participants and Intervention
Medical and computer records of 135 patients who were treated by near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal and hypopharyngeal carcinomas between April 1, 1989, and June 30, 2000, were searched thoroughly, and the final outcomes were confirmed by telephone contact.
Main Outcome Measures
Survival rates of the patients with laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension treated by near-total laryngectomy were compared with those of the patients with malignancies of other laryngeal regions given the same treatment.
Of the 135 patients in the study, 74 were available for determination of 5-year survival. The rate was 65.8% (27/41) for transglottic tumors, 53.8% (7/13) for supraglottic tumors, and 20.0% (4/20) for tumors with subglottic extension. Only 3 of 16 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with supraglottic or transglottic localization died of local recurrence; the rest of the deaths were from regional recurrence or distant metastasis. However, 6 of 13 patients with subglottic extension died of local recurrence, 5 of peristomal recurrence, and only 2 of distant metastasis.
Success was directly related to adherence to precise indications in cancer surgery. While near-total laryngectomy is an effective and reliable treatment modality in laryngeal cancer surgery, its effectiveness in laryngeal cancers with subglottic extension is debatable. These subglottic lesions should be treated by total laryngectomy, which is a more radical surgery.
NEAR-TOTAL laryngectomy was described by Pearson1 as an alternative treatment for patients with T3 and T4 laryngeal carcinomas. With this treatment, these patients would be spared a life without speech, which is the main consequence of total laryngectomy. Initially described as "extended vertical hemilaryngectomy" or "subtotal laryngectomy," this technique was developed over time; "near-total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy" was developed to include the base of the tongue and the hypopharynx, and "near-total laryngopharyngectomy" was developed to take advantage of pedicled flap reconstruction.2- 4
The aphonic condition that the patient has to face after total laryngectomy has deep psychological and debilitating effects on the human psyche. For this reason, extensive work has been carried out on alaryngeal voice production since the beginning of the century.5- 8 Complications of adynamic tracheoesophageal shunt methods have been described mainly as aspiration, stenosis, and difficulty with hygiene.7 Near-total laryngectomy is a surgical treatment modality that was specially designed to overcome these serious complications of adynamic tracheoesophageal shunt methods.
Near-total laryngectomy has not gained widespread approval, and few series have been published in the English-language literature.9- 14 The perception of the operative technique as complicated by many surgeons and the widespread and convenient application of tracheoesophageal puncture procedure are among possible causes for this reluctance to perform near-total laryngectomy.
The subglottis is defined as the laryngeal subdivision bounded superiorly by the junction of squamous and respiratory epithelium on the undersurface of the true vocal cords, which has been arbitrarily assigned to the point 5 mm below the free edge of the true vocal cords.15 Inferiorly, it extends down to the inferior border of cricoid cartilage.
Primary tumors originating from the subglottic region are rare. Tumors located in the subglottic region are usually extensions from the glottic or even supraglottic region by paraglottic space involvement.16 In their study to investigate the means of tumor spread, Strome et al17 determined that the fibroelastic barriers located in the subglottic region are predisposed to cancerous invasion. According to the results of this study, even the cartilaginous structures escape tumor invasion until the advanced stages, whereas the ability of cancer to invade these fibroelastic barriers leads to insidious spread of the disease. Tumor progression occurs mainly in the paraglottic region, and the potential for mucosal spread is limited. A normal endoscopic appearance can be observed in such a patient because of the absence of mucosal spread as the disease progresses to advanced stages.
Laryngeal carcinomas extending to the subglottic region or even to several rings of the upper trachea were also covered by the classic indications for the operation when described by Pearson.1,18 Near-total laryngectomy has been commonly performed in our clinic for 11 years. Despite support in the literature, resection of subglottically extending laryngeal carcinomas by near-total laryngectomy is questionable because of the embryologic development and, hence, lymphatic drainage of this region. For this reason, we decided to examine the indications for the technique by determining the success rates in our series of 135 cases.
Between April 1, 1989, and June 30, 2000, 135 near-total laryngectomies were performed in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Istanbul University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey, according to the technique of Pearson.1,18 Cases were evaluated according to tumor location and the operative technique used.
In this study, survival rates of patients undergoing near-total laryngectomy with different locations of cancer were compared according to preoperative variables of T and N stages. In cases of treatment failure, reasons were evaluated according to location of the primary tumor.
Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the surgery performed. Classic near-total laryngectomy (104 patients [77.0%]) is the technique described by Pearson. Near-total laryngectomy with partial pharyngectomy (28 patients [20.7%]) was performed for advanced laryngeal carcinomas with pharyngeal and tongue base involvement being prepared to be reconstructed primarily. Near-total laryngopharyngectomy (3 patients [2.2%]) was performed for advanced laryngeal tumors that could not be reconstructed primarily but with the aid of pedicled flap reconstruction (pectoralis major). The operations were performed in accordance with the original technique described by Pearson.1,18
The cases were classified into 6 groups according to the location of the tumors (Table 1). Within this classification, the term advanced refers to pharyngeal or tongue base extension for transglottic and supraglottic tumors. The main indications for near-total laryngectomy for supraglottic carcinoma were advanced age and poor cardiopulmonary status of patients for whom a classic supraglottic laryngectomy could cause significant postoperative problems. The patients in the subglottic extension group were those with tumors extending to the subglottis to an extent that precluded the use of any partial laryngectomy technique. This is accepted as subglottic extension more than 10 mm anteriorly and 5 mm posteriorly. The majority of cases were within the range of 10 to 20 mm of subglottic extension.
Six of the 135 patients who underwent near-total laryngectomy were unavailable for follow-up. Two additional patients died of postoperative complications: 1 patient of a pulmonary embolus and 1 patient of a presurgical chemotherapy complication. (Chemotherapy was not routinely used in this cohort of patients treated surgically by near-total laryngectomy. The 1 patient who died of a preoperative chemotherapy complication was the only one who belonged to a distinct study group subjected to a neoadjuvant chemotherapy protocol consisting of methotrexate and fluorouracil.) In 3 cases, near-total laryngectomy was performed not for oncologic reasons but for functional indications of other surgical approaches that were complicated by aspiration (2 cases of three-quarters horizontal-vertical partial laryngectomy, 1 case of commando resection for a retromolar trigone carcinoma). After exclusion of all cases unavailable for follow-up, the statistical calculations were performed on 124 cases.
Statistical calculations were performed with the SPSS 10.0 for Windows software program (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). Survival evaluation between different surgical groups was performed by Kaplan-Meier life table method, and monthly survival values were accepted. Local and regional recurrences according to tumor location were evaluated by the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. Preoperative variables were age, sex, preoperative characteristics of the tumor (tumor stage, neck stage, histologic findings, and location), and reason for operation (functional, primary curative, or salvage). The only operative variable was the type of procedure performed. Postoperative variables were reasons for death and use of radiotherapy.
The median age of the 135 patients in the study was 56.2 years (range, 33-80 years). Table 2 summarizes the main reasons for each type of operation.
Seventy-two patients did not receive postoperative radiotherapy, in 2 patients radiotherapy had failed, and, omitting the 2 patients who died during the perioperative period, the remaining 59 patients (43.7%) received postoperative radiotherapy. All patients with advanced laryngeal carcinoma with pharyngeal and/or tongue base involvement and all patients with glottic tumors with subglottic extension were subjected to postoperative radiotherapy. The postoperative radiotherapy protocol consisted of conventional fractionated radiotherapy (5000 rad [50 Gy], 25 fractions) for 6 weeks, with the coverage of stoma and upper mediastinum in all patients with subglottic extension. Indications for postoperative radiotherapy were cervical metastatic disease in more than 1 lymph node, periganglionic soft tissue invasion, perineural and perivascular infiltration, high tumor grade, and advanced T4 stage, with the exception of limited cartilage invasion.
Existence of tumor cells in the surgical margins was not accepted as an indication for postoperative radiotherapy. Our policy for positive margins has been to reoperate with a more radical technique, which is usually total laryngectomy or watchful waiting. The efficacy of radiotherapy for positive margins is a matter of debate, since it has been shown that tissue alterations induced by surgical trauma significantly reduce the efficacy of radiotherapy.19
Three patients who underwent near-total laryngectomy for functional reasons, 2 who died during the perioperative period, and 6 who were unavailable for follow-up were excluded from the series of 135 cases. Twenty-eight patients with disease that extended out of the endolarynx were also excluded from the series; therefore, the survival evaluation was performed on 54 cases of transglottic, 18 cases of supraglottic, and 24 cases of subglottic tumors that were limited to the endolaryngeal region. Of 54 patients with transglottic laryngeal carcinomas, 41 completed the 5 years of follow-up, and 27 (65.8%) had no evidence of disease. Thirteen of 18 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with supraglottic location completed the 5 years of follow-up, and 7 (53.8%) were free of disease. Of 24 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension, 20 completed the 5 years of follow-up, and only 4 (20.0%) were free of disease. Tumors that were located solely in the subglottic region were treated by total laryngectomy in our clinic.
Kaplan-Meier life table analysis showed the cumulative survival of patients with transglottic tumors to be 119.1 months; that for supraglottic tumors, 99.5 months; and that for laryngeal cancers extending to subglottic region, 63.6 months. A statistically significant decrease in survival was observed by Kaplan-Meier life table analysis for laryngeal carcinomas extending to subglottic region when treated by near-total laryngectomy (Figure 1).
Significant differences were observed between the causes of death when the cases were compared according to the location of the primary tumor. While regional recurrences and distant metastasis were the main causes of death of the patients with laryngeal carcinomas of glottic and supraglottic regions, only 3 patients died of local recurrence. On the other hand, local recurrences predominated as the primary cause of death for tumors extending down to the subglottic region; of 13 patients with laryngeal carcinomas with subglottic extension who died, 6 died of local recurrence and 5 of peristomal recurrence. Nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis testing demonstrated the statistical significance of local recurrence as the main cause of death for tumors extending to the subglottis (local recurrence: χ25 = 21.72, P = .001; regional recurrence: χ25 = 3.92, P = .56).
Careful determination of tumor dimensions and its spread is the key determinant of success in conservative laryngeal cancer surgery. Despite the high success rates of conservative partial surgery performed for more limited lesions, near-total laryngectomy is usually performed for more extensive laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers. As the tumor mass grows and its stage increases, deep submucosal invasion, rather than mucosal borders, becomes the main determinant of real tumor boundaries.20 This critical submucosal border cannot always be determined definitively in the preoperative period and during the operation, even with frozen-section analysis.11,17
The lymphatic drainage of the larynx is usually separate for the 2 sides and seldom crosses. However, the existence of lymphatic channels crossing the midline has been shown in the supraglottic and infraglottic regions.15 The probability of spontaneous appearance of contralateral lymphatic drainage is higher in the region below the glottis, and, therefore, prediction of metastatic patterns of tumors originating in the subglottis is much more difficult.15 An even more important issue is the invasion of the upper tracheal rings, since circular lymphatic drainage of this region precludes the determination of any tumor spread.21
The largest series of near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancers is that of Pearson et al,22 and in that study no local recurrences were encountered in cases with subglottic extension. The outcomes of patients with subglottic extension of their tumors in Pearson and coworkers' series contradict ours. In our series, 20 of 24 patients undergoing near-total laryngectomy who had laryngeal tumors extending to the subglottis completed the 5-year survival evaluation period, and only 4 of the 20 completed this period without any evidence of disease. We saw 6 cases of local recurrence in this laryngeal region, whereas Pearson et al observed no local recurrences in their series. The local recurrences were usually located at the inferior extent of the speaking shunt. Furthermore, 5 patients died of peristomal recurrence. The other studies of near-total laryngectomy do not contain an adequate number of cases for a reliable evaluation of results for tumors extending to the subglottic region.11,12,23 In addition to providing an oncologic success rate similar to that of total laryngectomy in glottic and supraglottic laryngeal tumors, near-total laryngectomy also prevents a major problem by providing phonation. On the other hand, success of near-total laryngetomy for tumors extending to the subglottis is limited.
In light of this study, the surgical treatment of subglottic laryngeal tumors should not use the same surgical technique with millimetrical resection margins as is performed for other laryngeal-region tumors. The aggressiveness or intrinsic insidiousness of tumors located in the subglottic region or the difficulty of determining the true surgical margins despite the safe appearance of the mucosa precludes such an approach in this region. It may not be logical to relate the surgical treatment failure of laryngeal tumors extending to the subglottic region only to the surgical technique used, since many other factors exist (eg, degree of cellular differentiation and biological factors bound to the tumor-host relationship) that are influential in tumor spread.24 However, surgical treatment as aggressive as possible is the approach that many investigators agree on for laryngeal carcinomas extending to the subglottis.15,25 Wide-field laryngectomy instead of simple total laryngectomy, lower-than-usual tracheostomy instead of normal tracheostomy, and more extensive thyroidectomy instead of hemithyroidectomy are the surgical strategies that should be applied.26 Use of near-total laryngectomy in such a critical region puts the patient at risk of treatment failure.
According to the results of this study, near-total laryngectomy is an alternative surgical modality that also carries significant risk of failure for laryngeal tumors extending to the subglottic region. Near-total laryngectomy should not be undertaken for patients with subglottic extension; instead, these patients should be treated with total laryngectomy, since the local recurrence rate is higher with the former technique. The results of this study are informative for anyone who is interested in laryngeal cancer surgery and are cautionary, given the lack of other literature that evaluates the success of near-total laryngectomy for laryngeal tumors extending to the subglottic region.
Accepted for publication September 5, 2001.
We gratefully thank Brian Burkey, MD, Department of Otolaryngology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tenn, for his editorial contribution.
Corresponding author and reprints: Ismet Aslan, MD, Kardelen 4-5 D: 3, 81120 Atasehir Istanbul, Turkey (e-mail: [email protected]). | <urn:uuid:a3d9941b-b753-485c-ba5a-7dbb647139d9> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/fullarticle/482751 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00231-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.941534 | 4,111 | 1.773438 | 2 |
43 U.S. Code § 970 - Forfeiture of Arkansas pipeline right of way for violation of antitrust law
If any citizen, company, or corporation taking advantage of the benefits of sections 966 to 970 of this title shall violate the Act of July 2, 1890, entitled “An Act to protect trade and commerce against unlawful restraints and monopolies”, (commonly known as the Sherman antitrust act), or any amendment thereof, the right of way granted in sections 966 to 970 of this title shall be forfeited without further action or declaration on the part of the Government or any proceedings or judgment of any court.
Section repealed by Pub. L. 94–579, title VII, § 706(a), Oct. 21, 1976, 90 Stat. 2793, effective on and after Oct. 21, 1976, insofar as applicable to the issuance of rights-of-way over, upon, under, and through the public lands and lands in the National Forest System.
Act of July 2, 1890, referred to in text, is act July 2, 1890, ch. 647, 26 Stat. 209, as amended, known as the Sherman Act, which is classified to sections 1 to 7 of Title 15, Commerce and Trade. For complete classification of this Act to the Code, see Short Title note set out under section 1 of Title 15 and Tables.
LII has no control over and does not endorse any external Internet site that contains links to or references LII. | <urn:uuid:d23f81a5-29aa-4959-9e81-d9428a648d63> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/43/970 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00331-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.938197 | 306 | 1.632813 | 2 |
- Standard Number:
OSHA requirements are set by statute, standards and regulations. Our interpretation letters explain these requirements and how they apply to particular circumstances, but they cannot create additional employer obligations. This letter constitutes OSHA's interpretation of the requirements discussed. Note that our enforcement guidance may be affected by changes to OSHA rules. Also, from time to time we update our guidance in response to new information. To keep apprised of such developments, you can consult OSHA's website at https://www.osha.gov.
June 13, 1977
William G. Wadman
Assistant Executive Director
Associated General Contractors
of Maine, Inc.
P.O. Box N
Augusta, Maine 04330
Dear Mr. Wadman:
Subject: Barricading Swing Radius of Backhoes
We offer the following comments in response to your letter of May 19, 1977, requesting interpretation of 1926.550(a)(9) of the OSHA Construction Standards as it applies to backhoes.
As 1926.550(a)(9) indicates, the purpose of a barricade around the rotating superstructure of a crane is to prevent an employee from being struck by the superstructure or crushed between the superstructure and other objects or another part of the crane. The hazard is the same when the superstructure of excavating equipment is rotated.
Granted, 1926.550(a)(9) covers only cranes. There is no similar specific standard in Section 1926.602(b). However, 1926.602(b)(2) does require that the excavating equipment conform to the nomenclature and dimensions for cranes and shovel and hoe attachments described in Society of Automotive Engineers' Standard SAE J-958. Also, 1926.602(b)(3) requires that the safety requirements contained in Power Crane and Shovel Association Standards Nos. 1, 2 and 3 shall be applied to excavating equipment.
Appendix A of PCSA Standard No. 1 contains Society of Automotive Engineers' Standard SAE J-958. Moreover, Section 3 of each of these three PCSA Standards contains the same descriptions of the basic components of the machines, including the mountings, the superstructure, and the various types of front end attachments, which may be applied to the basic machines for different purposes, including lifting and excavating.
When the same basic machines can be used for either lifting or excavating, the same safety precautions required for cranes should logically be applied to excavating equipment. Since it is common practice to provide barricades around the swing radius of the superstructure of the machine when it is used as a crane, it should be common practice to provide such a barricade when the machine is used as a shovel or backhoe. For this reason, it is OSHA policy to apply 1926.550(a)(9) to excavating equipment when the same basic machine can be used for either lifting or excavating.
Gilbert J. Saulter
for Occupational Safety and Health | <urn:uuid:8e395793-af3e-45c3-b60b-1e9b7c7634cf> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/1977-06-13 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573197.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818124424-20220818154424-00676.warc.gz | en | 0.893496 | 631 | 1.914063 | 2 |
Ukulele Basics is a landmark ukulele method for young beginners.
Carefully designed for use in both individual and group-learning contexts, Ukulele Basics supports players and teachers through the early stages of learning, providing the ideal foundation for budding musicians.
From how to hold your ukulele, through basic chords and strumming patterns, to playing accompaniments and simple tunes, this carefully paced method provides a complete resource for aspiring players.
Suitable for absolute beginners aged 6+ Gradually introduces key musical concepts, tab and stave notation, simple chords and strums and tunes to pluck Opportunities for singing and playing, and repertoire links with Sing Up CD containing demos for all songs and chords as well as numerous backing tracks Notes for teachers and tips for parents/carers to download from the CD Detailed lesson plans for selected
- Format: Mixed media product
- Pages: 40 pages
- Publisher: Faber Music Ltd
- Publication Date: 17/05/2012
- Category: Musical scores, lyrics & libretti
- ISBN: 9780571535880 | <urn:uuid:12ee9c30-58da-440b-8220-a35e799e80e4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.speedyhen.com/Product/Lorriaine-Bow/Ukulele-Basics--Ukuele-Teaching-Method/12768822 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560283301.73/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095123-00511-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.882353 | 227 | 3.046875 | 3 |
Long before developers set out to make Myrtle Beach a golf retreat, enslaved Africans, brought from the Caribbean, were working the land and shaping American history. The Gullah-Geechee culture was born in and around Myrtle Beach and represents the customs, traditions, crafts and language of these people. Various heritage sites celebrate and preserve this unique culture. Travelers can visit Friendfield Village, a 19th century slave village at Hobcaw Barony, or experience Gullah-Geechee art and memorabilia at the Gulla O’ooman Shop and Museum. Discover the remarkable story of Gullah-Geechee and its influence on the Myrtle Beach community. | <urn:uuid:4dc47244-7ebb-4cfe-b79d-731cfbc2e91c> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.theculturaltraveler.com/destinations-plantation-rendezvous/item/25-laura-plantation | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00235-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.942695 | 138 | 2.765625 | 3 |
Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy and Policy
By: Iris Marion Young (author)Paperback
4 - 6 days availability
Iris Marion Young is known for her ability to connect theory to public policy and practical politics in ways easily understood by a wide range of readers. This collection of essays, which extends her work on feminist theory, explores questions such as the meaning of moral respect and the ways individuals relate to social collectives, together with timely issues like welfare reform, same-sex marriage, and drug treatment for pregnant women. One of the many goals of Intersecting Voices is to energize thinking in those areas where women and men are still deprived of social justice. Essays on the social theory of groups, communication across difference, alternative principles for family law, exclusion of single mothers from full citizenship, and the ambiguous value of home lead to questions important for rethinking policy. How can women be conceptualized as a single social collective when there are so many differences among them? What spaces of discourse are required for the full inclusion of women and cultural minorities in public discussion?
Can the conceptual and practical link between self-sufficiency and citizenship that continues to relegate some people to second-class status be broken? How could legal institutions be formed to recognize the actual plurality of family forms? In formulating such questions and the answers to them, Young draws upon ideas from both Anglo-American and Continental philosophers, including Seyla Benhabib, Joshua Cohen, Luce Irigaray, Susan Okin, William Galston, Simone de Beauvoir, and Michel Foucault.
AcknowledgmentsIntroduction3Ch. IGender as Seriality: Thinking about Women as a Social Collective12Ch. IIAsymmetrical Reciprocity: On Moral Respect, Wonder, and Enlarged Thought38Ch. IIICommunication and the Other: Beyond Deliberative Democracy60Ch. IVPunishment, Treatment, Empowerment: Three Approaches to Policy for Pregnant Addicts75Ch. VReflections on Families in the Age of Murphy Brown: On Justice, Gender, and Sexuality95Ch. VIMothers, Citizenship, and Independence: A Critique of Pure Family Values114Ch. VIIHouse and Home: Feminist Variations on a Theme134Notes165Index187
Number Of Pages:
- ID: 9780691012001
- Saver Delivery: Yes
- 1st Class Delivery: Yes
- Courier Delivery: Yes
- Store Delivery: Yes
Prices are for internet purchases only. Prices and availability in WHSmith Stores may vary significantly
© Copyright 2013 - 2016 WHSmith and its suppliers.
WHSmith High Street Limited Greenbridge Road, Swindon, Wiltshire, United Kingdom, SN3 3LD, VAT GB238 5548 36 | <urn:uuid:497eb95c-84f6-4737-922f-8fdb075edf90> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.whsmith.co.uk/products/intersecting-voices-dilemmas-of-gender-political-philosophy-and-policy/9780691012001 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719453.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00231-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.877385 | 581 | 1.765625 | 2 |
It's going to happen. Someone, somewhere, is going to deliberately compromise security and abuse their position as an administrator. Hopefully it doesn't happen at your company, but the longer you are in IT, the better chance you have of being around when a "security DR event" occurs.
This article talks about IT people going bad, and it happens more often than we hear about. Many companies don't want to disclose these types of events, and it's possible one happened in your organization already.
This is nothing new. In every industry in which I've worked there have been people that take advantage of loopholes in systems and processes to engage in criminal activity. I have had liquor stolen from bars and lumber from a warehouse. We can't prevent all of these activities, and companies know this. Usually there is a line in your accounting system that marks these losses as some cost of doing business.
As with many external hacking issues, companies are likely to try and prevent anyone from finding out about these activities outside of the company. That's not a great solution for anyone, since often these employees are let go and hired by the next company who has no idea what the person they just hired has done.
You shouldn't participate in these activities, and you ought to turn in those that do. However I know many people find that harder to do when confronted by this situation. At the very least, if you turn a blind eye, don't help prolong a bad IT person's career in this business. Don't give them any sort of recommendation, and don't include them in your personal network in any way.
The Voice of the DBA Podcasts
The podcast feeds are available at sqlservercentral.mevio.com. Comments are definitely appreciated and wanted, and you can get feeds from there. Overall RSS Feed: or now on iTunes!
Today's podcast features music by Everyday Jones. No relation, but I stumbled on to them and really like the music. Support this great duo at www.everydayjones.com.
You can also follow Steve Jones on Twitter: | <urn:uuid:5ba9bcb1-2967-446a-9d7e-abdba983c40b> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.sqlservercentral.com/articles/Editorial/72590/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284405.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00044-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.983003 | 425 | 1.609375 | 2 |
In today’s Academic Minute, Dr. T. Florian Jaeger reveals how language is universally shaped by the inner workings of the human brain.
T. Florian Jaeger is the Wilmot Assistant Professor of the Sciences at the University of Rochester. His research examines how production and comprehension complexity can influence a speaker’s choice in language variation. His findings have been widely published in a number of peer-reviewed journals and he earned his Ph.D. at Stanford University.
Dr. T. Florian Jaeger – The Brain and Universal Grammar
Languages across the world share many similarities. But there’s heated debate among linguists and cognitive scientists about the source of these similarities. Some think that cognitive bias that predisposes human speech toward these similarities. Others think that shared structures found across languages are the result of random accidents of culture, geographic proximity, or distant common origins?
To answer this question, we set up an experiment to observe how people learn a new language. We taught native English speakers a novel miniature language —(we told them this was an ‘alien’ language).
Study participants had to figure out the structure of the language for themselves by watching a series of videos and listening to descriptions of the actions in the new language. For example, they might see cartoons of an alien chef hugging an alien cowgirl accompanied by the following sound clip “Glim klamen kah daf”. After enough examples, separated over just four days, most participants learned to understand the alien language and were able to speak it.
Crucially, however, they changed the language and these changes were not random – we had intentionally created little deficiencies in the language, but participants removed those deficiencies and, remarkably, ended up speaking a version of “alienese” that was better suited for efficient information transfer than the input they received!
Specifically, we found that learners preferred an efficient balance between clarity and brevity. It thus seems like our brain is indeed biased towards languages with certain properties and that efficient information transfer is one of them. | <urn:uuid:102ee157-09c4-4eb8-9f80-3a0d50fcaebc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://wamc.org/post/dr-t-florian-jaeger-university-rochester-brain-and-universal-grammar | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281331.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00217-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.954993 | 424 | 3.59375 | 4 |
Do Remote Employees Want to Be Shown Appreciation Differently Than Employees in Face-to-Face Settings?
More and more American employees are working remotely.
- In 1995 only 9% percent of American workers telecommuted, but in 2015 off-site workers increased to 37%
- In 2016, 43% of American workers reported they spend at least part of their week working remotely.
- It has been estimated that 50% of the U.S. workforce has job responsibilities that are compatible with working off-site at least occasionally and between 80% and 90% of the U.S. workforce reports it would like to work remotely at least part-time.
The Importance of Appreciation in the Workplace
Despite the evidence that appreciation is both desired and beneficial to both employees and businesses, not everyone likes to be shown appreciation in the same ways. We have found that identifying an individual’s preferred language of appreciation is key to “hit the mark” and not waste time and energy doing something not valued by the recipient. Determining what type of appreciation colleagues want can be discovered through having team members take an assessment to identify both their preferred language of appreciation, as well as the specific actions meaningful to them.
Research and expertise have identified five languages of appreciation in the workplace:
- Words of Affirmation – praise communicated orally or in writing
- Quality Time – focused attention such as having individual time with your supervisor, “hanging out” with coworkers, working together on a project
- Acts of Service – helping coworkers troubleshoot or complete a time-sensitive project
- Tangible Gifts – giving a small gift reflecting colleagues’ food preferences, hobbies or interests
- Appropriate Physical Touch – spontaneous celebration of a positive event such as a high five when a project is completed, fist bump upon reaching a breakthrough on a problem, or congratulatory handshake when a significant sale is made
Differences in Appreciation Desired?
We began to wonder if those individuals who were in long-distance work relationships desired to be shown appreciation in the same ways as employees who worked on-site. That is:
Do employees who work remotely have different preferred languages of appreciation than those in the general workforce?
To answer this question, we conducted a research study with more than 89,000 individuals who took two different versions of the Motivating By Appreciation Inventory: one for employees in long-distance work relationships and the general workplace version for employees who work in face-to-face settings. The results of the two employee groups then were compared (the full research study and results can be found in Strategic HR Review, 2018).
How Do Remote Employees Like to Be Shown Appreciation?
Both groups preferred Words of Affirmation the most, Quality Time second most frequently, Acts of Service third, and Tangible Gifts the least. But we found that employees in long-distance work relationships chose Quality Time significantly more often than workers on-site. The majority of these switched from Words of Affirmation to Quality Time being their primary appreciation language (48% in general work settings to 38% for long-distance employees). So it is important for supervisors and colleagues to keep in mind that many remote employees value Quality Time with their colleagues more highly than those who work in face-to-face settings. Conversely, receiving some type of verbal praise, while still important to remote workers, is desired less often than in general work settings.
The types of Quality Time that remote employees have suggested include keeping connected through video conferencing, including them in team meetings virtually and setting up times to talk about non-work related topics. From a practical perspective, the single most important lesson we have learned for effectively communicating appreciation to remote colleagues is that one must be more proactive than in face-to-face relationships. One of the biggest barriers to overcome in showing appreciation over a distance is the lack of opportunity for those short chance encounters that occur when colleagues work in the same location (in the break room, walking through the hallway, sitting together in the conference room waiting for a meeting to start). All of these provide the occasion to be able to chat for a few minutes, “check in” and see how your colleague is doing. In long distance work relationships, these events don’t occur and need to be more frequently planned.
Being valued by their supervisor and colleagues is important to those who work remotely, and communicating appreciation can be done effectively across long distance. Showing appreciation in the ways that are meaningful to remote team members does take some time and forethought—but the results are worth it!
Categories 5 Languages of Appreciation, Acts of Service, Appreciation, Communication, Managing By Appreciation, Quality Time, Remote Employees, Virtual teams, Words of Affirmation | <urn:uuid:4a8d1384-50aa-458d-8af7-cec52d21b861> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.appreciationatwork.com/blog/do-remote-employees-want-to-be-shown-appreciation-differently-than-employees-in-face-to-face-settings/?shared=email&msg=fail | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571993.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814022847-20220814052847-00667.warc.gz | en | 0.960101 | 976 | 1.695313 | 2 |
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease has an increased worldwide prevalence due to obesity and the use of various drugs affecting the liver. The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is presently not completely defined. In addition, there is a paucity of agents for its treatment. Choline deficiency has been shown to induce nonalcoholic liver disease. Systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases require chronic systemic treatment with various agents, which may affect liver function. Therefore, the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease attains importance. Prunus mume, the Asian plum of the rosaceae family, has been studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and liver protecting properties. The aim was to describe the use of a Prunus mume extract in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and autoimmune musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases. In a group of 50 patients, 25 male and 25 female, with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the context of autoimmune musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases, an extract of Prunus mume 300 mg (Prunus mume extract 150 mg, choline bitartrate 82.5 mg, oleanolic acid 1.3%, ursolic acid 1.7%) was administered once daily. In this group the levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were measured before, 1, and 3 months later. Observations were also performed in a control group of 50 patients. A liver ultrasound was performed. In this group of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the context of autoimmune musculoskeletal rheumatic diseases after 3 months of treatment with the Prunus mume extract 300 mg daily the levels of alanine aminotransferase decreased significantly by 35.1% (P < 0.01), those of aspartate aminotransferase decreased by 8.2% (P < 0.01) and those of gamma-glutamyl transferase decreased by 12.4% (P < 0.01). The LDL/HDL ratio decreased by 10.9% (P < 0.05), HDL levels increased by 11.5% (P < 0.05) and triglycerides decreased significantly by 7.2% (P < 0.05). The diagnosis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the context of autoimmune musculoskeletal diseases presents a problem andthe systemic treatment of the disorder is presently in the focus of scientific research. The management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease with a Prunus mume extract has beneficial effects on various metabolic parameters as it has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and liver protecting properties and may contribute to a good quality of life.
05 Sep 2020 - 09 Sep 2020 | <urn:uuid:1aec8143-b323-43ca-9851-f142eedb19f9> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.endocrine-abstracts.org/ea/0070/ea0070aep429 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573163.7/warc/CC-MAIN-20220818033705-20220818063705-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.91933 | 594 | 1.890625 | 2 |
Overview Incidence Symptoms Evaluation Treatment specialist Home Care warning signs Prevention Complications Underlying Cause Transmission
- Schistosoma parasites live in fresh water snails, in the tropics and subtropics.
- Young parasites are present in contaminated water.
- The parasite burrows into the skin of humans who enter the water.
- The parasite migrates to the lungs and liver where it matures into the adult form.
- The adult moves through the bloodstream to:
- The adults produce eggs.
- Eggs are released by the body in the urine and stool.
PubMed Schistosomiasis References
- Bichler KH, Feil G, Zumbragel A, Eipper E, Dyballa S. Schistosomiasis: a critical review. Curr Opin Urol. 2001 Jan;11(1):97-101.
- Davis-Reed L, Theis JH. Cutaneous schistosomiasis: report of a case and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2000 Apr;42(4):678-80.
- Magnussen P. Treatment and re-treatment strategies for schistosomiasis control in different epidemiological settings: a review of 10 years' experiences. Acta Trop. 2003 May;86(2-3):243-54. | <urn:uuid:0fffe29a-963f-435a-99c3-fbb1cc490650> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.freemd.com/schistosomiasis/transmission.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280900.71/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00008-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.655855 | 283 | 3.390625 | 3 |
Son of Mahādāṭhika and King of Sri Lanka for nine years and eight months. His younger brother, by whom he was ultimately slain, was Kanirajānu-Tissa, and he had two children, a son Cūḷābhaya and a daughter Sīvalī. Iḷanāga was his nephew.
Āmaṇḍagāmani heightened the cone of the Mahā Thūpa and made additions to the Lohapāsāda and the Thūpārāma. He also built the Rajatalena-vihāra and the Mahāgāmeṇḍi reservoir to the south of Anurādhapura, which latter he gave for the use of the Dakkhiṇavihāra.
He enacted an order that there should be no slaughter of animals in Sri Lanka and had gourds planted everywhere. To the whole brotherhood of monks in the island he once gave robes and alms-bowls filled with kumbhandaka fruits (pumpkins) and thereafter he was known by the name of Āmaṇḍagāmaṇī (Āmaṇḍa is evidently a synonym of Kumbhaṇḍaka).
His brother Kanirajānu-Tissa, having killed him, succeeded to the throne (Mhv.xxxv.1‑10; MT.640). Āmaṇḍagāmaṇī is also referred to as Āmaṇḍa and Amaṇḍiya. | <urn:uuid:e3b72f32-a016-447e-a900-7df64358e6b7> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://www.aimwell.org/DPPN/amandagamani_abhaya.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573908.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820043108-20220820073108-00270.warc.gz | en | 0.970641 | 365 | 3.03125 | 3 |
Overview of the muscles of the pharynx and related structures.
Hello everyone! This is Joao from Kenhub, and welcome to another anatomy tutorial, and in this tutorial, we'll be looking at the muscles of the pharynx. We will be focusing on the origin, insertion, function and innervation of these muscles. And to do so, we're going to be using mainly two images – this one that you see here which is essentially a dorsal view of your pharynx of all the pharyngeal muscles here and then there is also this view here where we just cut them and open them like a book here so we can then see what is happening inside this tube-like structure, the pharynx.
Now, the pharynx is a muscular column that links the nasal and oral cavities – nasal and oral cavities, you can see a little bit here – to the larynx which you see here, also known as the voice box. It also connects to the esophagus – as you can see a little bit here in your neck or starting at your neck. Now, the pharyngeal cavity is a common pathway for food and air and the walls of the pharynx are anterior to the margins of the nasal cavities, the oral cavity and the larynx.
Now, based on these anterior relationships, the pharynx can be divided into the nasopharynx seen here highlighted in green, the oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. The nasal cavities communicate with the nasopharynx through these holes here known as the choanae. Now, the oral cavity communicates – as you can see here, this is a bit of the oral cavity – communicates with the oropharynx through the oropharyngeal isthmus, and the larynx then communicates with the laryngopharynx through the laryngeal inlet.
In this tutorial, we will discuss the muscles that make up the walls of the pharynx. The muscles of the pharynx are organized into two groups based on the orientation of the muscle fibers. The fibers of the constrictor muscles are orientated in a circular direction relative to the pharyngeal wall and the list includes the superior constrictor muscle, the middle constrictor muscle and the inferior one, whereas the fibers of the longitudinal muscles are oriented vertically, and the list includes the stylopharyngeus muscle, salpingopharyngeus muscle, the palatopharyngeal muscle.
So, now, let's start with the constrictor muscles of the pharynx. The three constrictor muscles are nested within each other from the top down. A good way to visualize the constrictor muscles is as three cone-shaped cups – you can see one of them here highlighted and then another one and another one. So, they are like three cone-shaped cups fitting within each other. Now, this one that you see here highlighted in green is the superior constrictor which fits into the middle constrictor which in turn fits into then the inferior constrictor found here then below.
The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is the upper most constrictor muscle of the pharynx. This quadrilateral constrictor muscle consists of pterygopharyngeal part which has the origin on the posterior margin of the medial pterygoid plate and hamulus. There is also a buccopharyngeal part which has its origin on the pterygomandibular raphe.
Another one, the third part, is the mylopharyngeal part which originates at the alveolar process of the mandible. And, finally, a glossopharyngeal part which originates at the fibers from the tongue. This muscle has an insertion on the pharyngeal tubercle and the pharyngeal raphae. Receives innervation via the pharyngeal plexus from the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve. The function of the superior pharyngeal constrictor is to then constrict the upper portion of the pharynx pushing and conveying the food bolus inferiorly.
Next, we're going to be seeing here a bit further below, the middle pharyngeal constrictor which is a fan-shaped muscle that proximally attaches to the stylohyoid ligament and the greater and lesser horn of the hyoid bone. It attaches distally to the pharyngeal raphe. This muscle? (4:41) is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus – by a branch of the vagus nerve – and has its function to then constrict the middle portion of the pharynx contracting upon the food bolus and conveying it then forward towards the esophagus.
The last of the constrictor muscles that you see now highlighted in green is then the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. As for the origin, the muscle will start then at the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage and also at the lateral aspect of the cricoid cartilage. Then, it will be inserting on the pharyngeal raphae. It is the thickest of the three constrictor muscles of the pharynx and it functions to constrict the lower portion of the pharynx. Now, this muscle is comprised of two parts – a thyropharyngeal part and a cricopharyngeal part.
So, let's take a quick look at the two parts of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles starting with this one. This is the thyropharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor which originates from the oblique line of the thyroid cartilage. It is innervated by the pharyngeal plexus by branches of the tenth cranial nerve, the vagus nerve. The other part is this one that you now see highlighted, the cricopharyngeal part of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, which originates from the cricoid cartilage between the cricothyroid muscle and the articular facet for the inferior horn of the thyroid cartilage. This part is innervated by a branch of the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus as well.
So, now that we have discussed the constrictor muscles of the pharynx, I just want to quickly mention that these muscles have a common important function. When they contract sequentially from top to bottom as if you, when you're swallowing, they move the food bolus through the pharynx and into your esophagus. Before we move on to the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx, let's have a look at this structure here that serves as an insertion point for the constrictor muscles and that is the pharyngeal raphe.
The pharyngeal raphe is a connective tissue band between the right and left pharyngeal muscles. It extends posteriorly in the midline and joins the two sides of the pharyngeal wall posteriorly. It is attached to the pharyngeal tubercle superiorly and extends to the level of C6 inferiorly where it blends with the posterior wall of the esophagus.
So, now, let's look at the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx. As we will see, these three muscles are named according to their origins. The first of these three muscles that we will look at is this one seen here highlighted in green which is the stylopharyngeus muscle. The stylopharyngeus muscle arises from the medial aspect of the base of the styloid process and passes between the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictor muscles spreading into the pharyngeal wall, the thyroid cartilage and the epiglottis. This muscle elevates the pharynx and expands it laterally. The stylopharyngeus muscle receives motor innervation from the ninth cranial nerve, also known as the glossopharyngeal nerve.
Next, we're going to be seeing this muscle here highlighted in green which is known as the salpingopharyngeus muscle which originates from the cartilage of the auditory tube which you can see here – the two cartilages of the auditory tubes. They are also known as the pharyngotympanic tubes. And it will insert – this salpingopharyngeus – it will insert on the lateral wall of the pharynx. This muscle can be seen as an elevation or fold located posterior to the torus tubarius known as the salpingopharyngeal fold. As for the function of the salpingopharyngeus, it is there to then raise the pharynx and larynx during swallowing and prevent the backward displacement of the levator palatini muscle. As a reminder here that the salpingopharyngeus muscle is innervated by the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus.
The next muscle we're going to be highlighting here is the palatopharyngeus muscle. Now, this is the final longitudinal muscle of the pharynx that we will be looking at and originates at the palatine aponeurosis at the posterior border of the hard palate in the roof of the mouth. It inserts on the posterior aspect of the lamina of the thyroid cartilage. This paired muscle is going to be then elevating the pharynx in order to close it off from the nasopharynx during swallowing. Receives motor innervation from the pharyngeal plexus specifically from the vagus nerve via the pharyngeal plexus.
So far we have covered the muscles of the pharynx, now let's move on and look at some of the surrounding structures that can be seen in this region specifically also on this image. Firstly, let's look at the pharyngobasilar fascia as you can see here highlighted in green which is also known as the pharyngeal aponeurosis. This aponeurosis is located between the mucous and muscular layers of the pharynx. It is attached to the basilar portion of the occipital bone and the petrous part of the temporal bones. Reinforces the pharyngeal wall where the muscle is deficient.
From the posterior aspect of the pharynx, we see there two small cartilaginous structures that are cartilaginous parts of the auditory tube. The auditory tube, also known as the Eustachian tube, is also known as the pharyngotympanic tube which extends from the lateral wall of the middle ear to the nasopharynx. An opening for the auditory tube can be seen in the nasopharynx, cartilaginous part of the Eustachian tube can be seen as an elevation in the nasopharynx beneath the mucosa known as the torus tubarius.
Another cartilaginous structure that we see from this posterior view is the thyroid cartilage. It is the largest of the laryngeal cartilages and it is located in front of the larynx above the thyroid gland which you can see a little bit here, the thyroid gland. This cartilage is comprised of two halves that meet in the middle to form then the laryngeal prominence – something that you can see a bit more clearly in men known as the Adam's apple. It has a superior thyroid notch and inferior thyroid notch and inferior horn and the superior horn which are not visible from this perspective but nonetheless must be noted as far as structure of this cartilage is concerned but we're going to be covering it on other tutorial – just keep that in mind.
Also, on the lateral surface of the thyroid cartilage, there is an oblique line which is not clearly seen from this perspective from which the thyrohyoid muscle and the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle originates from – so just a reminder here. Immediately superior to the thyroid cartilage, we see highlighted here in green, the greater horns of the hyoid bone on the left and right sides from this posterior aspect of the pharynx. These structures project backwards from the outer border body of the hyoid bone providing attachment for the hyoglossus muscle and the middle pharyngeal constrictor muscle on their upper surface.
Finally, this structure that we see here in the most inferior part of this image is the esophagus. The esophagus extends from below the cricoid cartilage at approximately the level of C6 to the cardiac part of your stomach. This is a fibromuscular tube which serves as a passage for food to go from the oral cavity to the stomach and the esophagus is lined by mucosa – just some information to add here about this important structure.
Now that you just completed this video tutorial, then it’s time for you to continue your learning experience by testing and also applying your knowledge. There are three ways you can do so here at Kenhub. The first one is by clicking on our “start training” button, the second one is by browsing through our related articles library, and the third one is by checking out our atlas.
Now, good luck everyone, and I will see you next time.
You might be also interested in the following videos | <urn:uuid:85c400f9-c204-411a-ac12-abb793b88da8> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | https://www.kenhub.com/en/videos/pharyngeal-muscles | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988719646.50/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183839-00128-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.918697 | 2,794 | 3.890625 | 4 |
The panel’s decision on J&J was broader than it was for Moderna and Pfizer as it applies to all J&J recipients 18 and older. The timing is also different: The booster can be administered beginning two months after the first shot.
For the two mRNA vaccines, the panel had agreed they should be authorized for a narrower group: seniors and everyone 18 or older if they have underlying conditions or could be exposed to the virus at work. They also agreed on a timeline of six months after the second shot.
But for the single shot J&J vaccine, which does not offer as strong protection as the two-shot Pfizer or Moderna vaccines, the panel of independent experts agreed it was appropriate to offer boosters to all recipients and to do so sooner in order to get protection to a comparable level.
"There is a public health imperative here, because what we're seeing is that this is a group with overall lower efficacy than we have seen with the mRNA vaccine and so there's some urgency here to do something," said Dr. Arnold Monto, chair of the FDA panel and an epidemiologist at the University of Michigan School of Public Health.
That said, other experts also pointed out that J&J is still a vital vaccine because it provides ample protection against severe disease, even if not at the levels of the mRNA vaccines, and is easy to administer with only one shot.
"It is important to remember that there are many people who cannot get vaccines at all. And this one can go places and do things and is highly effective as we approved or recommended in February," said Dr. Oveta Fuller, a virologist and viral pathogen researcher at the University of Michigan. Fuller said she supported boosters as a way to make the shot more effective.
Friday was the first step in authorizing booster shots for J&J. As with Moderna, which the panel voted to authorize for booster shots Thursday, the whole process could conclude next week at the earliest. Pfizer booster shots were authorized by the FDA and CDC last month.
The FDA has not found an increase in concerning side effects from any of the three vaccines’ booster doses.
The conversation around boosters focuses on whether Americans vaccinated over six months ago need a boost of protection against breakthrough infections in the face of the more transmissible delta variant, though all of the three vaccines authorized in the U.S. are still proving effective against hospitalization and death.
Experts on the FDA panel were quick to highlight that success, emphasizing that the conversation around boosters should not overshadow the vital campaign to get the 66 million unvaccinated Americans vaccinated.
"The people who are in the ICU aren't there because they haven't gotten the third dose, they're there because they haven't gotten any dose," Dr. Paul Offit, an FDA advisory panel member and director of the Vaccine Education Center at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, said in Thursday's meeting.
Another pertinent debate that the FDA panel took on Friday was the potential benefits of mixing and matching vaccines for booster shots. Many J&J recipients have been clamoring for data on their options for switching.
Many experts on the panel, as well as lead officials within the FDA and CDC, were supportive.
"It's a matter of some urgency for FDA to help sort out what is admittedly a complicated and challenging scenario, but we can't hide from it -- and I do think we need to give guidance to the public," Dr. Ofer Levy, head of the Precision Vaccines Program at Boston Children's Hospital, said at the meeting Friday.
“I think from a public health implementation perspective, given the setting of this pandemic, it would be really important to have some allowable language,” said Amanda Cohn, a senior adviser for vaccines at CDC’s National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.
The panel reviewed early results from a highly anticipated National Institutes of Health study found that boosting with a shot other than what was received the first time appears to be safe and effective.
The non-peer reviewed study evaluated all three vaccines -- Pfizer, Moderna and J&J -- and found that no matter the booster, all study participants saw a "substantial" uptick in antibody levels after a booster shot.
The study also found that for J&J vaccine recipients, antibody levels were higher if they were boosted with Moderna or Pfizer than with J&J. This could indicate stronger protection in the short term, but experts also point out that antibody levels are not the only part of the immune response.
Moving forward on mixing and matching vaccines would require an amendment to the current COVID-19 vaccine authorizations from the FDA, and then an endorsement by the CDC. The panel did not have a vote scheduled on the matter on Friday.
For now, the process will formally move forward with authorizing additional booster doses of Moderna and Johnson & Johnson shots for those who received the same original vaccine, as was the case with the Pfizer booster authorization.
This week's meetings are the first step in that process for Moderna and J&J.
The FDA is expected to issue an authorization in the coming days, and then an advisory panel for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will meet to further discuss recommendations about who should get boosters and when.
That panel has scheduled a meeting for next Wednesday and Thursday to discuss boosters for Moderna and Johnson & Johnson.
Once that happens, CDC Director Rochelle Walensky must sign off, which typically happens within 24 hours of the panel's recommendations. That decision is expected by next Friday at the earliest. | <urn:uuid:844b4d17-eeaf-4aec-a9b1-0e37a0c3bb85> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/independent-fda-panel-votes-authorize-booster-shots-johnson/story?id=80603141 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00475.warc.gz | en | 0.969791 | 1,149 | 2.640625 | 3 |
A couple of weeks ago, the White House published a “Fact Sheet” on the U.S. Global Anticorruption Agenda. Though I don’t normally ascribe all that much importance to documents like this — they’re mostly for PR, after all — there were a few things about this particular release that caught my eye, and that I found fairly encouraging.
Perhaps most notably, although the release includes some obligatory–and deservedly self-congratulatory–discussion of the U.S. leadership role in enforcing the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and pushing for stronger enforcement of anti-bribery laws through the OECD Convention, most of the Fact Sheet focuses on what many in the anticorruption community have emphasized as important, cutting-edge issues that go beyond traditional anti-bribery law, including:
- Asset recovery and anti-money laundering as a top priority (including the recognition of the need to close loopholes in U.S. law and strengthen international cooperation in this area);
- Closely related to this, the Fact Sheet emphasizes the importance of preventing the abuse of anonymous shell companies–including a discussion of recent regulatory initiatives on this front that we’ve noted elsewhere on this blog.
- A special focus on the extractive sector
- Emphasizing the importance of engagement and cooperation with the private sector, in particular the announcement of an intention to develop a “National Action Plan to promote and incentivize responsible business conduct, including with respect to transparency and anticorruption, consistent with the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and the OECD Guidelines on Multinational Enterprises.”
Of course, concrete action matters more than high-minded general statements, and I know many in the anticorruption activist community have reasonable concerns about whether the U.S. is prepared to do what it takes to make good on these pledges. Still, one must give credit where credit is due–not only to the U.S. government, but to the civil society activists and others that have succeeded in changing the conversation about global anticorruption in ways that are reflected by the White House document.
One other quick thing to note about the Fact Sheet: At one point it declares that the U.S. government “will hold responsible governments that tolerate or commit corrupt practices in contravention of international norms, including by adjusting our bilateral relations and advising our businesses and investors accordingly.” It’s not clear what, exactly, this means. Maybe it means nothing significant. But if the U.S. is serious about “adjusting [its] bilateral relations” with countries that tolerate or contravene international anticorruption norms, that might actually represent a significant departure from past practice. After all, though the U.S. routinely condemns corruption, I’m not aware of any cases in which another country’s failure to adhere to anticorruption norms has had broader collateral consequences for U.S. foreign policy toward that country. Again, maybe this doesn’t really mean much–what does “adjusting” relations mean, anyway?–but it would be interesting to see whether the U.S. (or perhaps some in the U.S. who had a hand in drafting the Fact Sheet’s language) want corruption concerns to start to play a role perhaps more similar to concerns related to human rights abuses. | <urn:uuid:8a3006d1-2b0c-4b62-9275-0a71c11cf10d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://globalanticorruptionblog.com/tag/u-s-government/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00077.warc.gz | en | 0.945418 | 699 | 1.8125 | 2 |
The more you read about Charleston’s Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, otherwise known as “Mother Emanuel,” the more awe you feel for its historic resilience amidst white-supremacist terror.
This church is now known as the scene of a massacre, which is being investigated as a “hate crime.” Nine are dead, but this institution will not fall. We know this because it has stood tall amidst the specter of racist violence for 200 years. Next year, in fact, was to be the 200th anniversary of the founding of the church. It was 1816 when the Rev. Morris Brown formed “Mother Emanuel” under the umbrella of the Free African Society of the AME Church. They were one of three area churches known as the Bethel Circuit. This means that a free church in the heart of the confederacy was formed and thrived 50 years before the start of the Civil War. It had a congregation of almost 2,000, roughly 15 percent of black people in what was, including the enslaved, the majority-black city of Charleston. Because the church opened its doors to the enslaved and free alike, services were often raided by police and private militias for violating laws about the hours when slaves could be out among “the public.” They were also raided for breaking laws that prohibited teaching slaves to read at Bible study sessions. (It was at one of these Bible study sessions that the shooter opened fire Wednesday night, after sitting among the people for over an hour.)
More violence against the church was to come, as one of its founders was Denmark Vesey. If you don’t know that name, then your US history class failed you. Vesey was born into bondage on St. Thomas Island where he was known as Telemaque. At age 32 in 1799, Vesey won a city lottery of $1,500 that allowed him to buy his freedom from slavery.
But he did not have the funds in this barbaric system to buy freedom for his wife and children. Under patriarchal master/slave law, this also meant that any future children they had would also be in bondage. This was not a state of affairs Vesey was willing to let stand. He looked at Charleston, this majority-black city amidst lush plantations, and planned an insurrection.
In 1822, Vesey was executed on charges of attempting to organize this unprecedented slave revolt. The plan—organized in meticulous fashion and involving thousands of adherents—was to sack the area plantations, liberate the slaves, and sail to Haiti, which had liberated itself from slavery 20 years earlier in its own revolution. The plan was audacious in its scope and remarkable in its reach, and as a result provoked mass hysteria throughout Dixie.
Vesey was one of five insurrection freedom fighters executed on July 2, 1822, two days before Independence Day. The proximity was said to have inspired Frederick Douglass’s speech delivered almost exactly 30 years later on July 5, 1852, “What to the Slave is the Fourth of July?,” where he thundered,
What, to the American slave, is your 4th of July? I answer: a day that reveals to him, more than all other days in the year, the gross injustice and cruelty to which he is the constant victim. To him, your celebration is a sham; your boasted liberty, an unholy license; your national greatness, swelling vanity; your sounds of rejoicing are empty and heartless; your denunciations of tyrants, brass fronted impudence; your shouts of liberty and equality, hollow mockery; your prayers and hymns, your sermons and thanksgivings, with all your religious parade, and solemnity, are, to him, mere bombast, fraud, deception, impiety, and hypocrisy—a thin veil to cover up crimes which would disgrace a nation of savages.
Douglass would later invoke Vesey to recruit for the all-black Civil War 54th Regiment, featured in the film Glory.
Even though Vesey’s plan never extended beyond the planning stages, there was a call by the genteel city leaders of Charleston for even more blood. Thirty more were executed that month, legal mass lynching meant to strike fear in the hearts of Charleston’s black community. What is remarkable is that more were not arrested or executed. This is attributed to a remarkable level of solidarity amongst Charleston’s black population. No one would talk about a popular campaign that turned slaves into active insurrectionists. As part of this campaign—which combined legal and extralegal terrorism—Mother Emanuel Church was burned to the ground. That did not stop people from gathering. It did not end the church.
The violence of this week will not end the church either. The killing of nine people inside Mother Emmanuel calls backward to the 1960s civil rights–era church bombings. It also calls to a present in 2015 where video after video is showing white America a policing system that sees black life as having little value, a present in 2015 where mass media relish black death but do not acknowledge black life, and a present in 2015 where Charleston’s Walter Scott can be calmly shot in the back by police. It also calls to a present where police officials and South Carolina Governor Nikki Haley speak solemnly about the Mother Emanuel martyrs, under that enduring symbol of racist terror the Confederate flag. This demonstrates with utter clarity that the past that Charleston city leaders try to tuck away with a statue of Denmark Vesey amidst the lucrative plantation tourism is far from past.
In moments such as this, few words from the present can resonate as powerfully as the words of Frederick Douglass in his Fourth of July speech when he said,
Oh! had I the ability, and could I reach the nation’s ear, I would today pour out a fiery stream of biting ridicule, blasting reproach, withering sarcasm, and stern rebuke. For it is not light that is needed, but fire; it is not the gentle shower, but thunder. We need the storm, the whirlwind, and the earthquake.
This is not history. It’s a guide to action. This action can be heard in the words of Mother Emanuel Reverend and South Carolina State Senator Clementa Pinckney. The Reverend was one of those killed on Wednesday. In a 2013 speech about “freedom,” Pinckney said, “…sometimes you’ve got to make noise…. Sometimes you may have to die like Denmark Vesey.… Sometimes you have to march…” | <urn:uuid:cb00810c-be7a-4d61-b6c0-2bd5a93676da> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/charlestons-mother-emanuel-church-has-stared-down-racist-violence-for-200-years/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572021.17/warc/CC-MAIN-20220814083156-20220814113156-00069.warc.gz | en | 0.975887 | 1,362 | 2.359375 | 2 |
July 11, 2011
Since both Christine O’Sullivan (Programme Assistant SPAW) and Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri (Programme Officer for SPAW) came back this week, my time was mostly devoted to SPAW tasks.
I finished comparing SPAW with Ramsar to identify the areas of common interest in which collaboration between the two organizations would be possible, as asked by Alessandra.
As asked by Christine, I also provided Excel Spreadsheets summarizing the reports and payments’ deadlines for the last signed Agreements (UNEP/DPPE, UNEP/RDCR, UNEP/TNC and UNEP/GFC).
However, my main task this week was to work on Jamaica’s MPAs for the CaMPAM database, as asked by Emma Doyle (Project Manager for the WIDECAST and the GCFI) through Alessandra Vanzella-Khouri (Programme Officer for SPAW). Indeed, this database currently lacks a lot of information for Jamaica’s MPAs. My task is to identify the current MPAs in Jamaica and to fill the data that relates to them (around sixty criteria for each MPA identified). I identified the current MPAs in Jamaica and compiled the information I found on Google. I focused this week on Negril Marine Park, Ocho Rios Marine Park, Montego Bay Marine Park and Portland Bight Protected Area.
Challenged faced: Establishing a list of MPAs in Jamaica is not an easy task because the different databases do not provide the same list.
Lessons learnt: I learnt how to look for and to compare the information available on Google required by the CaMPAM database. | <urn:uuid:2b980f8e-ba49-4af4-9ebf-387965d32623> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cep.unep.org/vacancies-and-internships/blog/soizic-1/july-11-2011 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279189.36/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00058-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.936573 | 355 | 1.960938 | 2 |
L.A.'s Best Family-Friendly Haunt
Hollywood Gothique Says:
Once a modest train ride past low-tech Halloween decorations, the Los Angeles Live Steamers Ghost Train grew into one of the most spectacular haunted rides imaginable – a delightful treat for the whole family. The Ghost Train was never terrifying, especially in its early days, but as it added ever more special effects, it became slightly more sinister and much more spectacular – still more fanciful than frightening, but with more lifelike figures, whose movements and voices could invoke a tiny spark of tension in easily intimidated trick-or-treaters.
Still, there was not the sort of stuff to instill nightmares. There were no costumed actors pouncing from the darkness, just a few props rigged to pop up unexpectedly. In other words, it was perfect for parents who wanted to avoid intense scares while enjoying Halloween with their children, earning a well deserved place in the Hollywood Gothique Hall of Fame.
5202 Zoo Drive – Los Angeles, CA 90027
User Review( votes)
Status: Close. The annual Halloween event came to an end with an announcement in September of 2019 that the Los Angeles Live Steamers board of directors had “decided to not host” the Ghost Train that year because of “negative politics” that left the “future…unknown.” Since then, there has been no indication that it will return.
Los Angeles Ghost Train History
Located at 5202 Zoo Drive in Griffith Park, the Los Angeles Live Steamers Railroad Museum began presenting their “Ghost Train” in 2001. Supported by train enthusiasts, the non-profit corporation ran their 7 1/2-inch gauge model trains on Sundays year-round, then decorated the path around the tracks for Halloween with approximately 30 spooky scenes.
Originally, the ride was somewhat akin to a twenty-minute drive past a few dozen well decorated yard haunts, featuring decorations, lights, and static props but few effects and little if anything scary: lots of colorful lights, Jack O’Lanterns, skeletons, giant spiders, scarecrows, and a Grim Reaper or two.
The ride was ideal for child-sized riders, but adults could manage if they did not mind squatting down on the tiny trains for the approximately 20-minute duration. Minimum height was 34 inches tall; maximum weight was 350 pounds. Riders under 15 had to be accompanied by an adult.
Over the years, the Los Angeles Live Steamers gradually expanded, adding more decorations, mechanical props, and other special effects. Starting in 2011, the Live Steamers began using digital video projection to create wonderfully elaborate displays of supernatural activity. With its ever more elaborate presentation, The Ghost Train eventually morphed into something resembling a demented Disneyland, filled with with more than enough Halloween magic to appeal to haunt-goers of all ages. The attraction earned Hollywood Gothique’s pick for best Halloween-themed ride in our 2013 Halloween Haunt Awards.
Probably the most terrifying thing about the Ghost Train was parking: the regular entrance to the Live Steamers was closed at night, and the small dirt lot was a quarter mile east. Some visitors ended up parked on the dark road in the middle of Griffith Park with few cross streets and almost no street lights, and just made a mad dash across the pavement whenever there was a break in traffic.
In 2016, the Ghost Train went on hiatus but returned in 2017. For Halloween 2018, the Ghost Train was joined in Griffith Park by the Boney Island Halloween Haunt. Though separately ticketed, the two adjacent attractions provided a great double-bill of family-friendly Halloween fun.
In 2019, the Ghost Train went on hiatus again, its future – if any – uncertain.
L.A. Live Steamers Ghost Train Archive
Check out reviews, videos, and photographs in the Griffith Park Ghost Trainer Archive:
Ghost Train Photo Gallery | <urn:uuid:9519b284-56a4-4674-b538-414beaf19504> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | http://new.hollywoodgothique.com/halloween-events/halloween-haunts-graveyard/hollywood-gothique-hall-of-fame/ghost-train/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00466.warc.gz | en | 0.937294 | 848 | 1.554688 | 2 |
- May Camelopardalids could light up skies over North America early Saturday
- The meteor shower is from the Earth passing through the debris of a comet
- Forecasters say it will produce as few as 100 or as many as 1,000 meteors an hour
- Scores of people on Twitter express excitement about the cosmic event
When the sky falls, you'd think people would run for cover.
If the clouds cooperate, skies all over North America will light up between 2 a.m. and 4 a.m. ET Saturday in a rare sight that's excited everyone from space geeks to insomniacs to regular folks.
"I AM SO PUMPED FOR THE METEOR SHOWER TONIGHT OMG," tweeted one woman.
Actually, these meteors aren't necessarily falling on the Earth. Rather, it's the Earth that's moving through the debris of Comet 209/P Linear.
Whatever the reason, experts say this one-night-only phenomenon known as the May Camelopardalids could produce a huge light show -- or be a dud. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory noted that some forecasters are predicting about 100 meteors per hour, while others have much higher expectations, predicting more than 1,000 meteors per hour.
It's not like there's a lot of history to say which way things will go.
"We have no idea what the comet was doing in the 1800s," said Bill Cooke, the head of NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office. "The parent comet doesn't appear to be very active now, so there could be a great show or there could be little activity."
Still, the mere prospect of a big light show is enough to get people up in the middle of the night -- if they go to sleep at all -- to take it all in. CNN Meteorologist Sean Morris noted that this is the first time in a generation that Earthlings can see a new meteor shower.
This cosmic event has been years in the making: NASA announced in 2012 that Earth would encounter debris from this comet -- which also rotates around the sun -- crossing our orbit this weekend.
The meteors should radiate from a point in Camelopardalis, a faint constellation near the North Star that's also known as "the giraffe," Cooke said.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory recommends that those who want to see the show find a spot away from city lights, give themselves time to adjust to looking at the night sky and use their own eyes (no binoculars necessary) to enjoy the view.
The best place to watch the shower will be east of the Mississippi River or in California. The worst may be parts of the Plains and Northeast, where rain and cloud cover is possible. If you're in Europe, Africa, Asia or South America, don't even bother to look.
Several people tweeted about what they'll be wishing on, while others wished for someone with whom they could enjoy the occasion.
"Meteor shower tonight!!!!!" read one post. "Everyone turn off lights, go outside, put down blankets, cuddle up and enjoy!!!!
But not everyone is comfortable with the spectacle, it seems.
"Everyone wants me to watch the meteor shower," tweeted one woman, "but I think he deserves his privacy." | <urn:uuid:d845a7d7-8320-40ea-a473-07b184fc525d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.cnn.com/2014/05/23/us/meteor-shower/index.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280872.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00309-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956988 | 675 | 2.890625 | 3 |
CozIR®-A 2,000 ppm CO2 Sensor
**Important Supply Note** - The sensor manufacturer has informed us of component supply shortages that may extend lead times past 52 weeks. Contact [email protected] for additional information or help sourcing an alternate sensor.
The CozIR®-A 2,000 ppm CO2 sensor is designed to monitor carbon dioxide levels indoors. It is ideal for monitoring CO2 in buildings, schools, offices, or anywhere indoor air quality is important for the personal comfort of the occupants.
- Low Power Consumption
- 2 measurements per second
- Sensor Life Expectancy > 15 years
- Industry-Standard Serial Communication
GC-0010 CozIR®-A 2,000 ppm CO2 Sensor - for integration into high-volume OEM products. Contact us directly for wholesale pricing on large quantities of this sensor.
CM-0187 CozIR®-A Development Kit - Easy to use, simply plug the sensor module into your PC via USB. Use our free GasLab® software to measure and graph carbon dioxide, to configure the sensor, or for data logging.
CM-0047 Tube Cap Adapter - This adapter has been discontinued. If you are looking for a tube cap adapter, please contact us directly at [email protected]. You MUST provide us with which sensor you have purchased for a proper solution.
- Sensing Method: NDIR with Gold-plated optics
- Sample Method: Diffusion (Optional Sampling with Tube Cap)
- Measurement Range: 0-2,000 ppm (parts per million)
- Measurement Rate: 0.5 sec / measurement
- Accuracy: ±50 ppm ± 3% of reading
- Resolution: 1ppm
- Pressure Dependence: 0.13% of reading per mm Hg
- Noise measurement: < 10 ppm
- Auto Calibration Default (can be changed in software)
- Serial communication 9600/ 8/ 1/ n
- Analog voltage output proportional to CO2 concentration
- Sensor Life Expectancy: > 15 years
- Warm-up Time: < 10 seconds (1.2s to first reading)
- Operating Conditions: 0°C to 50°C, 0-95% RH, 500 mbar to 40 bar
- Power Input: 3.3-5.5VDC (3.3V recommended)
- Average Power Requirements: < 1.5mA @ 3.3V
- Peak current: 33mA
- Weight 20 grams
- 90 days - See CO2Meter Terms and Conditions.
Free Easy-to-use GasLab™ Software
This device uses GasLab® software for setup, calibration, data logging, and real-time data analysis. GasLab® makes it easy to export data into a .CSV file that can be imported into any industry-standard software or spreadsheet. GasLab® runs on Windows XP or higher, and free to use with our products | <urn:uuid:b5b7e49e-40e2-4a26-9f39-794613566c93> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.co2meter.com/collections/carbon-dioxide-sensors/products/cozir-2000-ppm-co2-sensor | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571692.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20220812105810-20220812135810-00074.warc.gz | en | 0.781672 | 667 | 1.71875 | 2 |
ERIC Number: ED161262
Record Type: RIE
Publication Date: 1977
Reference Count: N/A
Teacher Education for a Changing World. The Language Connection: From the Classroom to the World. ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series, Vol. 9.
Bailey, Leona G.
The current state of teacher education is reviewed to compare what is being done now with predictions of future needs. An attempt has been made in the last year or so to achieve greater accountability through competency-based teacher education programs. Moskowitz's attempt to discover how and why master teachers are effective has been helpful, but many characteristics possessed by master teachers are not, and perhaps cannot be, taught in methods courses. Successful preservice education techniques (micro-teaching, use of media, shock lessons, instructional objectives) continue to be used. Several new areas have emerged: the increasing program development in bilingual/bicultural education and English as a second language, a greater emphasis on students' involvement and participation in their own training, and a greater flexibility in methodology. The training of teaching assistants, virtually unknown fifteen years ago, has become an established practice in colleges and universities. Its necessity and legitimacy as a part of graduate programs are still controversial issues. It has been determined that there are many career opportunities outside education, and that these careers are increasing in number and type as the world shrinks. For the most part, higher education is not preparing foreign language majors for the world of work outside teaching. As students gain expertise for careers in business, government, industry, and other institutions, they will fill a real need in the interdependent society. Foreign language majors who do choose to become teachers will be a select group, ready to respond to the constantly changing students and world. (Author/SW)
Descriptors: Accountability, Career Education, Competency Based Teacher Education, Language Instruction, Language Teachers, Literature Reviews, Master Teachers, Postsecondary Education, Preservice Teacher Education, Second Language Learning, Teacher Education, Teacher Effectiveness, Teaching Assistants, Teaching Methods
Not Available Separately; See FL 009656
Publication Type: Reference Materials - Bibliographies
Education Level: N/A
Authoring Institution: American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, New York, NY. | <urn:uuid:95397b10-59b1-48c4-9119-bd7c48ef6e84> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED161262 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560279489.14/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095119-00013-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.933911 | 474 | 2.359375 | 2 |
Coping with tragedy. On behalf of the Madison Area YMCA, I know everyone in our community joins m e in praying in your own way for the individuals and families affected by the senseless acts of Sept. 11. In the midst of crisis and tragedy, the YMCA stands for values and high morality in the face of terrorism and violence. Our programs and services will continue as we participate in the physical an d spiritual healing of our members, our community and our nation. Each day the Madison YMCA serves nearly 2,000 children and adults from Madison and the surrounding communities at the YMCA Family Center and F.M. Kirby Children's Center. I a long with all of the YMCA staff have talked with hundreds and hundreds of member s, parents and community members about the Sept. 11 World Trade Center, Pentagon and air crash tragedies. Children and families look to YMCA staff and volunteer s to keep them safe and to respond to their fears and concerns. Families are looking to the YMCA for support and advice in the face of the events that recently occurred. I would like to offer the following tips and resources to the entire community to help adults in comforting and communicating with the young people in their lives.
The most important thing to remember is to filter what you say and what you allow children to view, hear, or experience based on the child's age, maturity level , and individual experiences e.g., they know someone who worked in the World Trade buildings or they have a parent who takes weekly business trips on airplanes and each individual's ability to handle disturbing news; some internalize fear , others are magnets for as much information as they can gather.
If you have toddlers in your life, it's unlikely that you'll have to explain it all to them. Pre-schoolers will need simple answers and reassurance. School-agers and pre-teens may want to talk about the events as they try to sort out in their minds what happened and what the potential risks are to them. Teens who see and understand the horror and injustice may often respond like adults, searching for information, answers, and justice.
Parenting and helping children to grow requires many skills and talents; here are some specific thoughts and ideas that may help you, followed by a list of Web sites that may be helpful.
Take your cues from the young person as you enter and expand the conversation. Ask open-ended questions, e.g., "Tell me what you know about what happened yesterday." "How does that make you feel?" "What have you heard, or do you have any idea, about why this might have happened?" Give children accurate information about what happened. Tell them what you know about the disaster. Children are most fearful when they do not understand what's happening around them. Acknowledge that this was a terrible, senseless, and very uncommon act of violence.
Listen, reassure, support, and acknowledge children's feelings. Say things like, "I know it's scary," instead of "You have nothing to be scared about." Say, "It's very unlikely that it would ever happen here in our city, but I know it' s still scary to think about." If young children are unable to talk it out, wat ch for signs in their play or their art that might create an opening for you to initiate a discussion.
Reassure children that you the YMCA, the school, government, etc. are doing everything you can to help keep children safe. Share a few examples even if they seem unrelated to this incident. Remind them that these things are rare and that it is unlikely that it will happen in their hometown.
Talk about things you do to keep your family safe or things that children can do. Focus on a sense of empowerment versus being a victim with no control.
Monitor, limit, and discuss children's television viewing. Refrain from continua l viewing; it can change a child's perspective and make it seem as if the crisis hasn't ended. It's a constant reminder during the healing process and can be quite overwhelming. Try to create a sense of normalcy again by going back to normal television viewing.
Reassure children that those responsible will be caught. Children may fear that the "bad people" will strike again. Advise children that the police and FBI are working hard to ensure everyone's safety and that those responsible for these acts will be caught and punished. Remind children that most people are good and would never do anything to harm them or others.
Watch for signs of stress or fear that indicate that children are troubled and unable to successfully process the information; e.g., sleep disturbances, changes in eating habits, increased anxiety about separating from parents or care-givers, increased aggression, craving more attention, distractibility, stomach ache, and preoccupation with traumatic events. Contact a mental health professional if a child seems overly anxious and unable to move on. Locally, Grace Counseling C enter, 16 Madison Ave., Madison, has trained professionals who can help; the phone number is 822-0707.
Suggest ways that the child can help perhaps contributing some money from their allowance to the Red Cross or a special collection at the YMCA, or writing a letter to survivors or rescue workers. Talk about what you're doing to help; for example, donating blood, praying, or attending special worship services. Help the m feel empowered, not helpless.
Realize that this may have a long-term effect on the child. For example, several months later, a child may show reluctance to enter an elevator in a tall building. One may become very upset to find that mom or dad will be in New York on business. Some may not be able to verbally describe their fear. As an observant parent or care-giver, be alert to the signs and continue to offer understanding, support, and reassurance.
Also be mindful of resisting and confronting prejudice. Regardless of who is found to be ultimately responsible, we must always remind ourselves and others that : The terrorists do not represent their entire nation, race, or religion; There are many people of the same nation, race, and religion who are in this country or who are U.S. citizens and who grieve, as do all Americans, over the recent tragedies; People of all races, religions, and nationalities are among the innocent victims.
YMCA staff have sifted through a number of Websites and found some that may be particularly helpful:
Family Communications, re-published at www.ymca.net; The YMCA of the USA sent excerpts of this article, written by Fred Rogers "Mr. Rogers" in 1991 for Exchange, to all YMCAs via a broadcast fax on Sept. 11. It helps parents, teachers, and care-givers deal with children's concern about war. Simple tips include assuring children that adults will care for them, limiting TV viewing, filtering what you share, being a good listener, and responding to war play;
YMCA of the USA Web site: www.ymca.net, includes an article, from the YMCA of Metropolitan Milwaukee, "How to Help Your Children Cope with the Events of Sept. 11, 2001: Suggestions for Parents." Suggestions include keeping a normal routine, helping children feel safe and secure, talking about the events, watching television together, praying as a family, and understanding that conversation and fears will extend for days and weeks to come;
Sesame Street: www.sesamestreet.org; The article "Tragic Times, Healing Words' ' provides actual words you can use to talk to children toddlers, pre-schoolers and school-age youth about recent events. It suggests that parents can channel their words constructively, listen, and respond in supportive ways;
American Psychological Association: www.apa.org/practice/ kids.html, "Look for Helping Children Cope: A Guide to Helping Children Cope with the Stress of the Oklahoma City Explosion." Although written in 1995, the information is transfer able to recent events. The article lists signs of anxiety and stress that indicate children need help and suggests strategies including ways to make children feel protected;
About Our Kids: www.aboutourkids.org/articles/war.html; The guide, "Talking to Kids about War," helps answer some common questions and concerns parents and professionals have about talking to children about war;
Hospice Net: www.hospicenet.org/html/griefguide.html; Here you'll find good tips on comforting those who are grieving. Remember that many people across the world will have lost loved ones and friends in the recent tragedy.
The YMCA of the USA has announced a $1 million fund-raising effort to support the YMCA of Greater New York that has 23 YMCA branches providing emergency services to those stranded in New York, emergency housing, showers and respite for emergency workers, and emergency child care for children of rescue workers and those parents directly affected by the tragedy. $500,000 has already been allocated from the YMCA of the USA to the YMCA of Greater New York. YMCAs across the country have been challenged to help raise the additional $500,000 to help the New York YMCA defray the cost of emergency relief. Locally the Madison Area YMCA is collecting contributions that will be given to the New York YMCA to defray the cost of emergency relief programs and services. To date we have raised over $1,000. If you would like to help, drop off or mail your contribution check made payable to YMCA Emergency Fund to the Madison Area YMCA, 1 Ralph Stoddard Drive, Madison N.J. 07940.
BARRY E. KROLL
Madison Area YMCA | <urn:uuid:fd86e2c0-d073-4ef2-8242-88927dffa17d> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.newjerseyhills.com/there-are-resources-to-help-our-children-cope/article_c8f5c4d7-2660-5c9f-a30a-5868fe4e51d0.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00246-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.958058 | 2,030 | 2.375 | 2 |
For many couples, affection can be one of the most important aspects of a relationship. It's in these sweet little moments — like when you're kissing each other goodbye in the morning, cuddling before falling asleep, or making an effort to catch up after a long day — that a relationship is made stronger and more resilient. And that's why, over the years, there have been so many old wives' tales about how to build affection in a relationship, and keep that spark going.
"It’s easy for couples to drift apart as jobs, children, hobbies, and other factors stop partners from spending quality time together. Over time, this can cause people who were once madly in love to turn into 'just friends' or even enemies," certified counselor Jonathan Bennett tells Bustle. "Creating affection, especially doing little things for your partner on a regular basis, is a good way to stay emotionally and physically connected to your partner. While some old-fashioned advice is sexist or useless in the modern world, a lot of it has stuck around over the years because it’s effective. Just because it’s old doesn’t automatically mean it’s outdated."
So, let's take a walk down memory lane and look back on age-old advice that's not only turned out to be true, but also incredibly helpful when it comes to creating more affection in a relationship. | <urn:uuid:84dac0e6-7691-43e2-9b97-eed17ae49853> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.bustle.com/p/11-old-wives-tales-about-what-makes-people-affectionate-that-are-actually-true-8550165 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571234.82/warc/CC-MAIN-20220811042804-20220811072804-00070.warc.gz | en | 0.953532 | 287 | 1.695313 | 2 |
New York, August 6, 2008 Overall alcohol useparticularly consumption of beeris declining in the US, according to a new study published in the August 2008 issue of The American Journal of Medicine. Researchers examined 50 years of data and found several changes in alcohol intake but no change in alcohol use disorders. Americans are drinking significantly less beer and more wine, while hard liquor use has remained fairly constant. More people now report that they are non-drinkers. People born later in the 20th century drink more moderately than older people. As we age, our individual alcohol consumption goes down.
Researchers examined 8,000 records of the Framingham Heart Study, the longest population-based study of American adults ever conducted, to measure alcohol consumption over 50 years. Because the Framingham study recruited subjects that were born before 1900 until 1959, it gives insights into behavior and medical histories through most of the 20th Century. Subjects, both from the original cohort and from the children of the original cohort, have been interviewed every 4 years, from 1948 until 2003. Since each individual was followed directly, a set of histories of lifetime alcohol use could be captured.
While heavy alcohol use is associated with numerous bad outcomes, moderate consumption has been linked to improved cardiovascular health and to improved morbidity and mortality in the elderly. This study shows that, on the whole, the American population is moving in a healthier direction. Despite more favorable patterns of drinking, risk of alcohol dependence did not show a decrease. The proportion of people who developed alcohol-related disorders, such as alcoholic cardiomyopathy or alcoholic cirrhosis remained nearly constant across all age groups.
Writing in the article, Yuqing Zhang, DSc, Boston University School of Medicine, and his co-investigators state, "The findings in this study may be considered encouraging in many ways: the average amount of alcohol has decreased in more recently born cohorts, the percentage of the population exhibiting 'moderate' alcohol intake has been increasing steadily, and the percentage reporting 'heavy' drinking has decreased over timeWhile these data suggest the development of more favorable patterns of alcohol consumption over the latter part of the 20th century, that also show that, at the same time, the cumulative incidence of alcohol use disorders has not shown a decrease, and continuing efforts at preventing them are warranted."
|Contact: Pamela Poppalardo|
Elsevier Health Sciences | <urn:uuid:3cf2792d-7bd1-4800-8dd2-794682fee8fc> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news-1/Alcohol-consumption-declining--according-to-results-of-new-study-25033-1/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280791.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00366-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.956387 | 481 | 2.671875 | 3 |
ISIS militant / VOA / Wikipedia
Nearly three years after it announced the establishment of a "caliphate" encompassing a vast area between Syria and Iraq on June 29, 2014, the Islamic State group (IS) no longer resembles that terrorist organization in full territorial expansion mode.
"It was not a good year for the Islamic State in 2016," concluded a document published in January by the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).
IS has lost ground in its original fiefdoms, Manbidj and Jarablus in northern Syria.
It also suffered setbacks around Damascus, Fallujah, and Ramadi in central Syria, as well as the eastern part of Mosul, its northern Syria stronghold.
In Libya – a "province" of the caliphate – it was thrown out of Sirte, its only stronghold in the country, after a battle lasting nearly nine months.
These territorial setbacks are the result of several offensives carried out by the Syrian and Iraqi armies, with significant local and international support.
"On the military front, the Islamic State is in a defensive position in several regions," UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said in a quarterly report published in early February.
After losing the eastern part of Mosul, the jihadists have faced an offensive on the western part of the city since February 19. In Syria, a battle is about to get underway to liberate Raqqa, the "capital" of the caliphate.
Guterres's report noted that there were indications the group felt under threat: the content of its propaganda has changed, "increasingly focusing on military operations and less and less on 'state building'".
Also, the flow of foreign fighters to Iraq and Syria "considerably diminished", which could indicate that IS is losing its appeal. It is in this context that British Defence Minister Michael Fallon declared on February 11: "Expect IS to be expelled from major cities in Iraq in 2017."
However, this does not mean that IS is in the process of being wiped out. While the territory it directly controls is shrinking, its strike capacity remains strong, as evidenced by the numerous attacks it claimed in 2016.
Beyond the boundaries of the self-proclaimed caliphate, there are groups that have sworn allegiance to IS in Nigeria, Uzbekistan, and the Philippines.
As was the case in Libya, regions with little government control offer long-term opportunities for expansion by fighters dislodged from their territory. Somalia is one such example, according to experts.
IS retains a significant and sustainable advantage beyond its power and territory. "In Iraq, the circumstances that led to the birth of IS has not changed," noted Florence Gaub, a conflict analyst at European Union Institute for Security Studies.
"There is still political frustration among Sunni youth, 'debaathication' [the process of removing the members and influence of the Ba'ath Party from public office in Iraq following the US-led invasion of 2003] is not over," Gaub said.
"And the divides remain between the youth and community leaders." | <urn:uuid:a0c450d8-b736-4aac-848d-f8a38fda436d> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://international.la-croix.com/news/world/islamic-state-loses-ground-but-still-a-force/4734 | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882571147.84/warc/CC-MAIN-20220810040253-20220810070253-00471.warc.gz | en | 0.969206 | 618 | 2.515625 | 3 |
November 4, 2017 - Monmouth Junction, New Jersey
Rutgers University, in New Brunswick, New Jersey is a Big Ten school which has recently poured a lot of money into its sports programs in an effort to compete with the perennial powers of college athletics. Unfortunately hockey is not on the university's radar as Rutgers has hockey at the club level, competing in the ACHA's Division 1, at an arena that is a 20 minute ride down heavily traveled Route 1 from campus. Nonetheless, despite little attention from the sports fans and media which covers the school, the Rutgers Ice Knights, named differently than the school's Scarlet Knights NCAA programs, plug along as a decent hockey program. The Ice Knights previously played a bit closer to campus in Somerset, NJ, but relocated to Monmouth Junction a few seasons back. ProSkate Ice Arena is located on a dead end street a block off of US Route 1 in a quiet industrial park. The building itself looks more like a corporate headquarters or office building than an ice arena, and opened in 2000, serving mainly as a community arena. A small sign at the entrance to the parking lot greets patrons, and there is parking on both sides of the building, and a small tree-filled lawn in the front of the arena. The squarish building has a large glass facade in the front, and gray fluted concrete walls on the lower level, and silver metal siding near the top of the walls. Fans enter through one of the concrete stairways which flank the large glass facade. Nothing really stands out about the design of ProSkate Ice Arena, and without the small sign at the entrance to the parking lot hockey fans could easily pass by this place and think it was a corporate building rather than an arena. The Saturday afternoon game was taking place at the same time as a home football game, so most Rutgers sports fans had their attention on the gridiron rather than the hockey arena. Like many ACHA teams the Ice Knights simply rent space at a community arena, and ProSkate does not feel like "the home of" the Knights, but rather a venue which hosts the games along with other events on its busy schedule. You wouldn't necessarily call the Ice Knights the main tenant here, rather, they are simply one of the tenants.
Once inside ProSkate Ice Arena you find yourself in a lobby area inside the glass facade, which offers an elevated view of the small lawn outside the arena. Couches and TV screens, which were tuned in to the Rutgers football game going on 20 minutes up the road, are in the lobby. A pro shop sits just off the main lobby, as does an information desk. The lobby extends into a long hallway which straddles the two ice pads on site. The rinks are know as the "Olympic" and "NHL" rinks, although the Olympic rink looks to have regulation sized ice. Rutgers plays in the NHL Rink, which has more seating, albeit with a modest 6 rows of wooden bleachers on one side of the ice. The lobby hallway has a food concession stand at the end and seating in the lobby hallway which overlooked both ice pads. The arena has a low, flat ceiling, and plain white walls. A center ice scoreclock is present, but went unused, as the lone functioning scoreclock was on the end wall. A few banners from local teams hang on the far wall of the arena, as does a large red "R" banner, which is the only sign that this is the home of Rutgers hockey. Center ice is devoid of any logo or reference to Rutgers. The seating offers a good view of the ice, as the front row is elevated, although protective netting covers the entire grandstand area. Heaters above the grandstand and in place to keep patrons warm as the temperature gets quite cold inside the rink. Quite a few fans choose to watch from the upper lobby at the table seating in the concession area. There was no admission charge for this game against NYU, and a decent sized crowd was on hand, filling more than half of the grandstand. When you think of a big name school like Rutgers and then realize that their home hockey arena is a modest community rink like this you come away feeling underwhelmed, but the Ice Knights seem to attract a decent following in their out of the way location in relation to campus.
The game day presentation at ProSkate Ice Arena for a Rutgers game is basic but sufficient. A good PA announcer keeps the fans aware of game situations, and music is played during stoppages. As we have seen a couple times before with ACHA games, the listed start time of 3pm came and went as warmups ended up starting at 3. We are not sure if this was due to an error in the schedule that was posted or earlier events at the arena running long. Overall, despite the crowd being made up mostly of friends and family and some older Rutgers supporters, the crowd was rather lively and into the game. Unlike a lot of college hockey venues there was very little student presence, which is understandable due to the hockey taking a backseat to most other sports at Rutgers, and the arena being located rather far from campus and in an area that often sees heavy traffic on the roads. The game itself was very entertaining, although NYU carried a large shot advantage to a 5-2 win. The turning point of the game was a major penalty that saw NYU score 3 goals on the same powerplay. Like many ACHA venues, ProSkate is busy with many community hockey and skating activities, and the college hockey team is just another paying customer. Still, fans in the area can catch some entertaining and physical hockey here when Rutgers takes the ice. We were in the area primarily to attend a game at Princeton's Hobey Baker Rink, which sits 10 miles down the road, so the afternoon start of many Ice Knights games provides a great opportunity to catch 2 games in a single day. Unless major changes take place at Rutgers and they build an arena for NCAA hockey, fans will have to be content with ProSkate Ice Arena as the team's venue. Overall the arena provides a decent experience for hockey fans, and the free admission provides a great opportunity for fans to bring their families to a game. Rutgers hockey will likely continue to fly under the radar, but a stop here to catch a game is worthwhile. | <urn:uuid:a80aae9d-3e5a-4f11-9894-00ad0227db09> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.roamingtherinks.com/proskate-ice-arena | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573876.92/warc/CC-MAIN-20220820012448-20220820042448-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.976899 | 1,292 | 1.507813 | 2 |
The EU's continued appeasement of Iran comes amid a violent crackdown against civil society in the country. Human rights groups have blasted the EU for its unwillingness to hold the Iranian government to account. Pictured: Iran's Foreign Minister Hossein Amir-Abdollahian (R) meets with EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell in Tehran on June 25, 2022. (Photo by Atta Kenare/AFP via Getty Images)
The European Union has presented Iran with a new draft text that aims to revive the 2015 nuclear deal. The document, which has not been made public, presumably offers additional concessions to coax Tehran into rejoining the agreement.
EU foreign policy chief Josep Borrell, in a July 26 essay published by the Financial Times, wrote that time was running out to revive the nuclear deal, formally known as the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA):
"After 15 months of intense, constructive negotiations in Vienna and countless interactions with the JCPOA participants and the US, I have concluded that the space for additional significant compromises has been exhausted. I have now put on the table a text that addresses, in precise detail, the sanctions lifting as well as the nuclear steps needed to restore the JCPOA.
"This text represents the best possible deal that I, as facilitator of the negotiations, see as feasible. It is not a perfect agreement, but it addresses all essential elements and includes hard-won compromises by all sides. Decisions need to be taken now to seize this unique opportunity to succeed, and to free up the great potential of a fully implemented deal. I see no other comprehensive or effective alternative within reach."
Iranian officials responded with derision. Iran's lead nuclear negotiator, Ali Bagheri Kani, tweeted: "We, too, have our own ideas, both in substance & form, to conclude the negotiations which would be shared."
U.S. State Department spokesperson Ned Price said that the Biden administration was reviewing the EU's draft text: "We'll engage privately with our European allies, but again, we have been willing to accept the deal that has been on the table for some time now and Iran has not."
Since U.S. President Joe Biden assumed office in January 2021, the Islamic Republic has advanced its nuclear program to the point where it can, within a few months, enrich enough uranium for at least five atomic bombs. Iran's progress is a direct result of an American and European fixation with reversing, at any cost, the Trump administration's "maximum pressure" campaign on Iran.
U.S. President Donald J. Trump withdrew from the JCPOA in May 2018 and reimposed sanctions because, he argued, the deal gave Iran a pathway to nuclear weapons.
In April 2019, the Trump administration designated the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), an elite branch of the Iranian military, as a foreign terrorist organization (FTO). He also imposed crippling sanctions that targeted more than 80% of Iran's economy. The "maximum pressure" campaign was aimed at forcing Iran to accept more comprehensive restrictions on its nuclear program.
In March 2020, Joe Biden, as a presidential candidate, pledged to rejoin the 2015 deal if he were elected president.
The negotiations to revive the JCPOA have been stalled since March 2022. The main stumbling block to a final deal is Iran's demand that the Biden administration delist the IRGC, and its elite Quds attack force, as an FTO. Although the Biden administration says it has no intention of delisting the IRGC, it has repeatedly lifted sanctions to coax Iran back to the negotiating table.
Biden's reversal of the economic sanctions imposed by the Trump administration has produced alarming results.
In May 2022, for instance, Iran reached a dangerous and destabilizing threshold: its stockpile of uranium enriched to 60% reached 42 kilograms, according to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The Arms Control Association explained the significance:
"Crossing the threshold of 40 kilograms of 60 percent enriched uranium is significant because that is sufficient material to produce enough weapons-grade uranium for a bomb, about 25 kilograms of uranium enriched to above 90 percent. Being able to go directly from 60 percent to 90 percent further decreases Iran's breakout, or the time it would take to produce a bomb's worth of weapons-grade uranium, likely to be below 10 days. This puts Iran near the threshold where it could attempt to breakout between inspections by the IAEA. If Iran were to breakout, it would still take another 1-2 years to build a bomb, but that process would be more difficult to detect and disrupt."
In June, Iran removed 27 surveillance cameras from its nuclear facilities. The move came after the IAEA censured Iran for not answering questions about uranium traces found at three undeclared sites. On July 25, Iran said that the cameras would remain turned off until the 2015 nuclear deal is restored.
In July, Iran escalated its uranium enrichment with the use of advanced IR-6 centrifuges at its Fordow underground facility. The new setup allows Iran more easily to increase enrichment levels, according to the IAEA.
Also in July, White House National Security Adviser Jake Sullivan revealed that Iran plans to supply Russia with potentially hundreds of drones, some with combat capabilities, for its war in Ukraine.
The EU's continued appeasement of Iran also comes amid a violent crackdown against civil society in the country. Human rights groups have blasted the EU for its unwillingness to hold the Iranian government to account.
The EU appears to be sacrificing human rights on the altar of financial gain. A revived nuclear deal would result in the lifting of economic sanctions on Iran and present European companies with an economic windfall. A restored deal would also allow for resumed exports of Iranian gas and oil at a time when Europe is seeking alternatives to energy supplies from Russia.
Hadi Ghaemi, executive director of the New York-based Center for Human Rights in Iran (CHRI), called on Borrell, Biden and other world leaders, to speak out forcefully and publicly against the Islamic Republic's violent suppression of civil society:
"The silence on human rights on the part of Borrell and the EU is deafening.... Hundreds of peaceful protesters are being arrested, with many placed in solitary confinement without access to a lawyer, while global leaders express their earnestness for a return to the JCPOA. The international community needs to be able to walk and chew gum at the same time — the nuclear negotiations should not preclude attention to the growing human rights catastrophe in Iran."
In an interview with Al-Monitor, Ali Vaez, Iran project director at the International Crisis Group, said the EU proposal falls short of Iran's expectations and is unlikely to bridge the remaining gaps between the two sides:
"It's really hard to imagine that any kind of mutually acceptable formula could be found at this stage. Although the parties are not willing to admit that the talks have failed, effectively I don't think there is a way forward. I'm almost certain that Iran will not accept the revised proposal."
In a July 21 article — "Iran: Time for a Plan B" — published by Politico, Nicola Beer and Peter Neumann argued that the EU needs a back-up plan to prevent Iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon:
"After 10 months of negotiation, attempts to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action — also known as the Iran Nuclear Deal — have stalled and may well end in failure....
"Europe now needs to weigh up its alternatives. If we simply cling to the idea that continued negotiations will somehow lead to resolution, we'll be sleepwalking as we did with Russia, allowing a hostile power to take advantage of diplomacy while pursuing increasingly aggressive actions against us and our allies....
"Indeed, under the hard-line President Ebrahim Raisi, Iran is increasingly out of control....
"Of course, all diplomatic efforts should still be used to facilitate a deal all parties can agree on. Lasting and sustainable peace in the region will only be possible with Iran buying in. But the European Union can't turn a blind eye to the country's current unwillingness to engage in constructive talks while escalating aggression at the same time.
"It is, therefore, time to reevaluate our approach.
"This might involve the reimposition of multilateral sanctions, which is difficult but not impossible. And, equally important, under the leadership of High Representative Josep Borrell, European governments and the EU must do much more to curb Iran's activities right here in Europe, where their government is spreading propaganda, raising money, persecuting opposition activists, and even plotting terrorist attacks.
"As long as Iran continues to oppress its own people, foment terrorism, and aid and abet Russia in breaking international law, relying on negotiations alone won't be enough.
"Europe needs to have a plan B." | <urn:uuid:a672760f-d646-4a3e-af8c-89230cba6da6> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/18770/eu-iran-nuclear-deal | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572286.44/warc/CC-MAIN-20220816090541-20220816120541-00266.warc.gz | en | 0.956777 | 1,812 | 1.632813 | 2 |
Scuba Diving in Phuket
Phuket ranks as one of the world’s top ten dive destinations, and with good reason. The water is warm and teeming with marine life; the Andaman being one of the most diverse seas on the planet. If you are lucky you might see whale sharks and manta rays. There are literally hundreds of islands and reefs to be explored by day trips or liveaboard cruises from Phuket, and a wealth of sites providing a wide range of diving opportunities.
Phuket possesses an abundance of dive companies, all ready to give you accredited instruction, provide equipment for hire, and take you on day trips or extended trips to more distant dive spots. The competition this has created among dive operators means a very high standard of safety, training, quality equipment and facilities. At the same time, prices remain very reasonable.
Conditions & Visibility
Diving in Phuket’s clear blue waters is best from November through to May, when the calm seas and rain free days make diving here an extraordinary experience. However, monsoon winds and surface swells in the Andaman Sea during the rainy season, running from late May to October, can make remote spots inaccessible. (See Phuket’s climate for more information).
Due to the weather and low volume of tourists, there are not many dive companies that operate regular liveaboard excursions during this period. However, day trips continue to run throughout the year, and the lower volume of boat traffic during the rainy season often means there is more marine life to be seen.
Water temperatures at the surface range from 26 – 29°C (79 – 84°F). During March and April, unpredictable thermoclines may cause a temporary drop of a few degrees, though at depth this can be as much as 10°C (18°F). Water temperature is highest during May and June.
Visibility is usually best at the start of the dry season, beginning in November, and can be as clear as 40m (130ft). Visibility is variable during the rainy season and is not necessarily influenced by the rain. Sometimes it can be very good, though occasionally storms can stir up silt which clouds the water at some sites.
Scuba Diving Courses
Whether you’re a total beginner or an experienced diver wishing to upgrade your skills, Phuket is a great place to take diving courses. Ranging from short introductory courses, which include a sample dive, to divemaster programs, there is something to suit every skill level. Standards of diving instruction are extremely high, and most dive centres will accept a referral as long as all your documents are in order. A PADI Open Water Diver Course will typically take 3-4 days to complete.
There is a wealth of good to excellent dive spots either in the waters just off Phuket, as well just a short boat journey away. You can hire your own equipment and charter a longtail boat, or go on a regularly scheduled day trip with a dive operator. Most day trips depart between 8am and 9am, provide 2 dives with a lunch, and return in the afternoon. There are now a number of dive operators offering half-day trips, leaving either in the morning or early afternoon. Tanks, weights, food and transportation to and from your hotel are usually included in the price.
The Andaman’s truly great diving locations are in remote areas, and although there are day trips, liveaboards are the recommended way to explore them. Liveaboard vessels also provide a much greater range of destinations by being self-contained and travelling overnight. Liveaboard trips can range from two to ten days and travel to dive sites as far away as India’s Andaman Islands. Other favoured destinations are the renowned Similan Islands, the Surin Islands and the Burma Banks.
Dive boats vary in style and level of comfort dramatically. It really depends on the company you book with. Cheaper prices will usually mean more crowded boats. At the lower end of the budget scale, liveaboards may provide sleeping quarters in one big cabin or even on deck. At the higher end of the scale liveaboard boats may possess large, private air-conditioned cabins with ensuite bathrooms, dedicated photo areas, film processing and editing facilities and many other amenities.
See also: Phuket Dive Sites
Subscribe to our Newsletter
If you did like to stay updated with all our latest news please enter your e-mail address here.
Whatever you do, wherever you are, we make sure customers find you
Our comprehensive business directory gives your customers all they need. Who you are, what you sell, where you are, when you open and how to contact you. All your information is there in a nice, clean, clear and friendly fashion.
- Connect & Socialize | <urn:uuid:ec681ea6-f335-45be-ba45-2fa159a9175d> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.phuket.net/things-to-do/watersports/scuba-diving/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988720972.46/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183840-00252-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950388 | 1,002 | 1.578125 | 2 |
A fascinating new Pew report charting America's increasing partisan polarization came out Thursday, and it has inspired all the usual handwringing. We're more divided along political lines than ever, and here are the data to prove it.
The Pew report convincingly documents what most people already believe or suspect: Republicans and Democrats increasingly hold opposing views on just about every issue. They also can't stand each other: 43 percent of Republicans and 38 percent of Democrats have a "very unfavorable" view of the other party; both figures have more than doubled since 1994. This set of charts tells the story of the parties' increasingly stark separation:
It's easy to lament the division and strife that mark our politics. But what stand out to me are the exceptions—the issues where Republicans and Democrats are both largely on the same side: immigration, national security, and gay rights.
Republicans and Democrats are farther apart on these issues than they were 20 years ago, but majorities of them still fall on the same side. Nearly three-quarters of Democrats and 54 percent of Republicans do not believe immigrants are burdening the country by taking jobs, housing, and health care from Americans. (Strikingly, while both parties are pro-immigration today, both were overwhelmingly anti-immigration 20 years ago.) More than 80 percent of Democrats and 52 percent of Republicans do not believe military strength is the best way to ensure peace. And only 43 percent of Republicans still agree with 22 percent of Democrats that "homosexuality should be discouraged by society."
These findings are consistent with another recent large-scale examination of American voter attitudes. In a poll conducted by the center-left think tank Third Way last month, self-described moderates usually saw merit in both liberal and conservative arguments on issues such as the role of government int the economy, gun rights, and the national debt. But that wasn't true of immigration and national security. Majorities of moderates both sympathized with immigrants and didn't buy the idea that giving them citizenship would reward bad behavior. Most moderates also worried about government surveillance going too far while rejecting the idea that we're not doing enough to prevent the next terror attack.
The Third Way poll didn't ask about gay rights. But plenty of polls show that even Republicans are consistently moving toward acceptance of gay people and gay marriage. The trend line on that issue—a steady slope in the direction of acceptance by both parties—is unique the results in the Pew poll, and it would seem remarkable if it weren't totally familiar by now.
On most issues, the parties have legitimate differences of opinion that reflect the different opinions held by their partisans. But on immigration, national security, and gay rights, most voters in both parties are on one side. | <urn:uuid:80299d40-9b37-45f7-b287-196a4a63d376> | CC-MAIN-2016-44 | http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/06/the-things-republicans-and-democrats-agree-on/372670/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2016-44/segments/1476988721174.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20161020183841-00282-ip-10-171-6-4.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.959812 | 554 | 2.015625 | 2 |
Watermarks Project: live in Bristol 2009
Sea levels are rising due to climate change… but how much could they rise and how quickly? And how could this affect the city of Bristol?
Watermarks was a public art project by Chris Bodle that explored these questions. Between 6th and 12th February 2009 a series of large-scale projections were displayed at sites across the centre of Bristol. Flood level marks were projected on to the facades of buildings, showing how high water levels could potentially rise if the sea were to inundate the city. By displaying these levels in real space, the project aimed to help the audience imagine the depth and extent of this potential future flooding – allowing us to measure the possible future water levels against ourselves in familiar environments. The Bristol projections, funded by Arts Council, England, were the first phase of Watermarks – further phases will extend the project elsewhere in the UK and abroad.
The complexity and inherent uncertainty involved in predicting sea level rise means there is little consensus across the global scientific community as to how much sea levels could rise in the coming decades. The Watermarks project used UK government predictions, available at that time, for the next century to set the key flood mark levels.
The project, however, also explores other more extreme, hypothetical scenarios such as the melting of the Greenland Ice Cap. Future phases of the project will use the latest sea level prediction data as it emerges – displaying a wide range of potential scenarios from across the scientific community. This project aims to act as a provocation and catalyst for debate.
The future of our cities and landscapes and our responses to rising sea levels should not just left to scientists, politicians, engineers and the built environment professions, but emerge from as wide a base as possible with participation and involvement from all sections of the wider community. Ultimately the mitigation and adaptation measures will be social and cultural as much as scientific and technical. | <urn:uuid:3942130f-f322-4b34-ace4-f53c1e1c8e40> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://watermarksproject.org/project/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572212.96/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815205848-20220815235848-00469.warc.gz | en | 0.956202 | 382 | 2.921875 | 3 |
Background: Pancreatic duct disruption or disconnection is a potentially severe complication of necrotizing pancreatitis. With no existing treatment guidelines, it is unclear whether there is any consensus among experts in clinical practice. We evaluated current expert opinion regarding the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic duct disruption and disconnection in an international case vignette study. Methods: An online case vignette survey was sent to 110 international expert pancreatologists. Expert selection was based on publications in the last 5 years and/or participation in development of IAP/APA and ESGE guidelines on acute pancreatitis. Consensus was defined as agreement by at least 75% of the experts. Results: The response rate was 51% (n = 56). Forty-four experts (79%) obtained a MRI/MRCP and 52 experts (93%) measured amylase levels in percutaneous drain fluid to evaluate pancreatic duct integrity. The majority of experts favored endoscopic transluminal drainage for infected (peri)pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic duct disruption (84%, n = 45) or disconnection (88%, n = 43). Consensus was lacking regarding the treatment of patients with persistent percutaneous drain production, and with persistent sterile necrosis. Conclusion: This international survey of experts demonstrates that there are many areas for which no consensus existed, providing clear focus for future investigation. | <urn:uuid:c5a6cb1e-dc00-4839-b5bb-8c680d601cf2> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://pure.eur.nl/en/publications/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-pancreatic-duct-disruption-or-disconne | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882570921.9/warc/CC-MAIN-20220809094531-20220809124531-00269.warc.gz | en | 0.922634 | 282 | 1.523438 | 2 |
Shepard Fairey, the “artist” who designed the famous Obama poster that has since popped up in different forms all over the place, had admitted to lying in court about which of the AP’s copyrighted photos he used as the model for the “Hope” poster that became a symbol of the Obama campaign.
But Fairey and the Associated Press proved last year that they have a lot in common: Both went all out to get Barack Obama elected. It’s upon these common values that they must build.
Since a main tenet of Obamian political philosophy is mandatory voluntary service to the less fortunate, and a crucial element of this tenet is the ability to transfer wealth from the well-to-do (anybody with a job) over to the less fortunate (anybody who can’t get a job because the former group is hogging all the jobs) with or without their approval and without regard to whether or not it’s constitutional — wouldn’t it be more appropriate for the Associated Press to end their greedy “that’s copyrighted!” claim and just let Mr. Fairey use their image and reap benefits from it?
After all, Fairey most certainly could use the money and exposure, and the AP can no-doubt afford to help fulfull Obama’s vision of economic stimulus “spreading the wealth around.” And why beat on Shepard Fairey for this “theft,” AP? How dare you! Shepard Fairey is one of the best examples of Barack Obama-style “hope and change” that is practicing today, so leave him alone! Just consider Fairey’s use of your photo a “public option” for a struggling artist and all will be right with the world.
The Associated Press demonstrated a laughable level of pro-Obama bias during the campaign last year, which makes it easy for me to be of the opinion that their photographs should only be protected legally the day that I can also copyright and gain legal protection for my paycheck.
Frankly, I wish people would take it easy on the Hope artist. You try growing up with that last name and see how normal you turn out. | <urn:uuid:fcef674d-a1c1-4dd8-9454-fcac13c0e56e> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://dougpowers.com/2009/10/19/why-wont-the-ap-share-the-wealth-with-shepard-fairey/ | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281424.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00335-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.953772 | 470 | 1.539063 | 2 |
About one-quarter of adults age 45 and older take statin drugs. Statins are prescribed to lower cholesterol and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. While statins are generally considered safe, there are risks of some very serious side effects.
A 2011 study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that patients taking Lipitor were 37 percent more likely to develop Type 2 diabetes than patients taking a placebo. A 2012 study in the journal Archives of Internal Medicine found a link between statin use and Type 2 diabetes in post-menopausal women. The survey of 161,808 women found that who took statins were 48 percent more likely to develop type-2 diabetes than women who did not. A more recent study published in the May 2013 issue of the medical journal BMJ found an increased risk of diabetes in patients taking three popular statins: Crestor, Zocor, and Lipitor.
Mild muscle pain is a common side effect of statin drugs. But statins can also cause serious muscle injury. Rhabdomyolysis is a serious medical condition that occurs when muscle fibers break down and leak a substance called myoglobin into the blood. Symptoms include pain, swelling, tenderness, muscle weakness, dark-colored urine, nausea, vomiting, confusion, heart arrhythmias and coma. Rhabdomyolysis is usually associated with severe muscle trauma from injury or overuse, but can be caused by Lipitor and other statin drugs.
Finding it hard to remember your granddaughter’s name or your wife’s birthday? It might be your statin. In February 2012, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced that it was investigating reports of memory loss, forgetfulness, confusion and brain fog associated with Lipitor. These Lipitor side effects were most common in patients over 50.
A September 2013 study found a 27 percent increased risk of cataracts in patients taking statins. The risk increased with the length of time the patient took the drug.
Do You Have a Lipitor Injury Claim?
If you have suffered serious side effects after taking Lipitor, you may be eligible to take part in an Illinois class action lawsuit against Pfizer, the maker of the drug. To learn more about statin injury claims, contact the Gurnee medication injury attorneys at Hupy and Abraham at 866-625-2299. | <urn:uuid:df387f0a-80b6-4245-b468-fb6c08f75541> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.hupy.com/blog/dark-side-of-lipitor--dangerous-side-effects-you-weren-t-told-about.cfm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560282935.68/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095122-00243-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.950152 | 489 | 2.328125 | 2 |
conversations on the long poem
The Martyrology is an
elusive text that facilitates constant variability and flux. From the portraits
of the saints in Books 1 and 2 that dissolve and reformulate into different
portraits to the song book and passion play of Book 9, Nichol privileges the
eclectic and enveloping nature of what the long poem affords him. In order to
construct a poetic selfhood through long poetry, Nichol employs a paradigm of
constantly shifting semiotics. By way of signature, The Martyrology relentlessly configures the author (or his multiple
selfhoods of subjectivity) in a textual and readable way—that is, Nichol adopts
countless iterations of his poetic self and deposits them throughout the work
as evidence of his ontological presence. Paul de Man, in his explanation of
semiotics, describes it as a “study of signs as signifiers; it does not ask
what words mean but how they mean” (1516). This distinction between the what
and the how of linguistic meaning favours the processes and methods by which
signatory meaning is provided to the reader. de Man also states that semiotics
is a procedure of constant revelation through reading, that it is reliant on a
constant and multiple process of updating its given form during any point of
the reading act: “The interpretation of the sign is not […] a meaning but
another sign; it is a reading, not a decodage, and this reading has, in its
turn, to be interpreted into another sign, and so on ad infinitum” (1518). Nichol’s signs develop meaning precisely in
how they shift from one form to the next. As an establishment of selfhood
through autobiography, his signs are substitutive in their movements. The
substitution of one variant of signature to the next is an exercise of
transfiguration through re-presentation. By way of syntax, spelling
conventions, etymology, anagrams, and, most roundly, puns, Nichol widely
permeates the text in an effort to exhibit his selfhood. Long poetry’s
enfolding of multiple generic strains becomes a direct mirroring of these
multiple signatory displays.
In his understanding of the long poem, Frank Davey suggests that its generic intent is to abound in dissimilar functions, tropes, expectations, and possibilities, when compared to other facets of long writings. The long poem, then, is tasked with introducing a novelty that is absent from previous iterations of the long poem genre; through its self-mobilization, one of the long poem’s crucial characteristics is to move or propel itself into a new type of language: "this is the central task of the long poem: to drive right past St As Is into new territory, into new languages, into surprise. To write long poems that are not, in sign, in image, in structure, like earlier long poems" (The Contemporary Canadian Long Poem 19). Utilizing Nichol-esque wordplay, Davey creates his own saint in his manipulation of the word ‘stasis’; the long poem is meant to disregard this saint, abandon the “as is” and progress from inactivity into accretion. This proclamation of total newness is, for the long poem, an inherent impetus reliant on a discourse of movement; not only does the long poem document a process of distance, depth, and length in theme, but the long poem propels itself towards a generic reliance on movement—out from one and into another. Davey later states that the inclusivity and absorption of the long poem allows it a sense of malleability and pliability when it considers what to integrate: "I expect the long poem to encroach further upon fiction […] And to encroach elsewhere. For the successful long poem exults in new signs, thefts, adventures" (20). Davey’s description carries with it a sense of cunning, that the long poem, at once, seeks adventure and surprise, and can be accused of (or lauded for) thievery and encroachment.
Both of the aforementioned passages also articulate the long poem’s utilization of the sign, something Nichol exploits and harnesses, in word and action, throughout the entirety of The Martyrology. Davey doubly mentions that the sign of the long poem, at its most core intention or utilization, is to proclaim generic divergence and departure. Hence, a given long poem, in its state as a long poem, signals that it is departing away from other, previous long poems. In doing so, Davey suggests that the long poem becomes “successful” in its “adventures.” Brian Henderson, too, acknowledges that The Martyrology as a long poem encounters the sign in language, albeit in a form of pilgrimage seeking sacredness: “For Nichol then, it is a journal journey. It is through the landscape of letters and words that the pilgrim moves, encountering saints and signs of the sacred” (“Soul Rising out of the Body of Language: Presence, Process and Faith in The Martyrology” 112). Henderson’s comments largely derive from Nichol’s Book 4, as this book displays Nichol’s employment of language that is largely infused with notions of signature through music. Nichol, himself, suggests that Book 4’s repertoire coalesces into a sensual totalization of participation—reading The Martyrology, at this point in its chronology, demands a visual, aural, and oral involvement: “By the fourth book I had managed to bring together the eye, the ear, and everything” (“Interview: Caroline Bayard and Jack David” 180). Nichol displays this arrangement of sensuality in the following passage, playfully incorporating references to his nominality and the musicality of the individuated letters:
the d will out
as the b drops thru its
i is singing scale
i hails you
the oral hang-ups change
a concern for listening (Book 4)
references his first two initials, b and p, with the letters d and b—the letter
d is a mirror of the letter b, and the letter b, besides suggesting Barrie, can
be turned upside down to form the letter p, suggesting Phillip. Similarly, the
three letters all represent half notes on the bass and treble clefs in musical
notation. The letter b, for example, simultaneously refers to the second letter
of the alphabet, the first letter of the name Barrie, and the various b notes
in half measure on the scales. Further, the letters d and b embody a vertical
mirroring as well as a horizontal mirroring, thereby connecting to the lines
later written: “i found / myself caught up in a) mirror image // (no way to
notate the break” (Book 4). Placed beside one another, the lower-case letters d
and b form a visual palindrome. Further is the fortuity of both notes serving
as the exact middle notes of each clef—d for the bass and b for the treble.
Depending on the notes’ placements on the scales, the stems of each half note
form the various alphabetic shapes of b, d, and p. The letter i, in the lines
“i is singing scale / i hails you,” also signals the poet’s name, in that the i
is the only vowel to appear in all three of the poet’s names—Barrie Phillip
Nichol. Specifically, the i, which is bpNichol, sings his name, borne out in
b’s and p’s, across the reaches of the notational clefs.
Nichol later transforms the characteristics of his name to claim his own personhood:
sense out of nonsense
N on sense
(which is me)
i spell out changes
sing a balance sing (Book 4)
imports the N of “Nichol” into the reconstructive move of “nonsense” to the “N
on sense,” thereby involving himself in the transition from unmeaning to
meaning, all the while claiming an innocence, the implicit pun here, in such a
transformation. Besides being evidenced in the selected rhetoric—transitioning
from nonsense to sense—Nichol also proclaims and justifies his own inclusion,
suggesting that he, as poet and signifier through N, is deserving of this
stanzaic positioning. Similarly, the following line maintains the identical aim
of authorship in name through the authoring of the lines themselves; “i spell
out changes” recalls the i of Barrie Phillip Nichol, and it also stands as
self-commentary on the line itself—the i of bpNichol is present in these
various signifiers, and the i also commands these changes to authorially occur.
Nichol, as poet, governs the conveyance of these changes in the signified, shifting
nonsense into the N of sense and “questions to answer / answer’s an A / B /
ginning” (Book 4) and the following alphabetic enumeration:
absolute & present
all its elements
or b dbidet (Book 4)
Suddenly, every N/en represents Nichol, every b/B/be/being/Being represents Barrie, every p represents Phillip, and every i represents the entirety of Barrie Phillip Nichol. In the various mirrors he has erected in but a few of these recent passages—“p q” and “b d,” which are not unlike the relationships he designs between M as an upside-down W and H as a sideways I—letters beyond b, p, and n continuously typify the poet. q and d represent a mirrored or disguised Nichol. The poet claims ownership over his lines by leaving his signature, in any arrangement or rearrangement it may wish to take.
Nichol has discussed this recurrent word play (or, perhaps, letter play) in comments made in correspondences and interviews with Mary Ellen Solt and Ken Norris. In “A Letter to Mary Ellen Solt” Nichol writes: “the key word was women i looked at it & saw ‘w’s omen’ & it struck me that W’s omen was that it contained more than itself that it flipped over to become M […] the omen or portent was that i was reading words as sentences that said things about single letters” (116). These same sentiments are echoed in his interview with Ken Norris, suggesting that the letters of a word can be treated syntactically, allowing individual words their own trajectories: “It led me into a lot of things, eventually into Book IV of The Martyrology where I’m reading words as sentences that say things about single letters” (“Interviews: Ken Norris” 241). In the same interview, Nichol expounds upon his poetic process of discovering the doubleness of puns, in which an established letter or word is both a visual symbol and a linguistic conveyance of meaning (and the discussion also raises the third characteristic of sonicism through visuality). Nichol continues his discussion with Norris by situating his own poetry in a semiotics achieved through shifting, visual puns—the semiotics of ancient runes, in particular, allow all letter instances to embody visual meaning:
I really came more to terms with what I think of as the runic potential of the alphabet, which is to say that an ‘a’ is the signifier for an ‘a’ which is the signified and it is itself, so that when you mark down an ‘a’ you are not describing the name of something, you are creating something in the world. At that level of the visuality of the single letter you are creating in the very pure sense of the word, you are creating thingness. (240-1)
word ‘runes’ is, etymologically, Old English in its current form (rūn ‘a secret, mystery’) and Old
Norse in its historical form (rúnir, rúnar ‘magic
signs, hidden lore’) (“runes,” New Oxford
American Dictionary). Nichol, himself, plays with the hidden signs inherent
through a runic-style of referentiality in his punning; as the movement of
vowels, in particular, comes to create or de-conceal discrete and separate
words, new meaning is signaled by new (through modification) words:
& the lines become as long as the tongue can
/ carry without breathing in
blue sky turning back to grey
it is the wind moves it
it is a language the celts knew & spoke of
pass as vowels thru energy
consonants as nouns
vowels as verbs
what are the sentences that formwords they're made of
syntax of alignment i want to see (Book 4)
This passage is a theoretical
presentation of how Nichol’s vowel use signals shifting changes in words—that
is, the displaced vowels create the shift in meaning brought about through a
syntactic advancement. Movement, both as a propulsive energy and a syntactic
furtherance through and towards meaning through reading, punningly appears in
Nichol’s reimagining of the word ‘runes’; though it is defined through its
etymology as a secretive, mysterious, magical, or hidden sign, Nichol
syntactically examines the word as a movement of vowels, a movement that is
spurred on by its own activity, transference, or running.
Often, then, the visual pun of a given word, when treated as a syntactical unit, is discoverable through strategic spacing, line breaks, and enjambment. All three techniques disassemble an assumed wholeness inherent in a complete word, eventually allowing words to be fractured and splintered into smaller components which still maintain linguistic coherence (prefixes, root words, and suffixes) as well as accidental and discovered words that are not intentional composites of their larger wholes. A syntactical explication of the following passage will indicate what Nichol is accomplishing in the disassembling of whole words and the shifting of vowels from one dismantled word to the next:
to do what one doeswith honour
is the all
the days are marked by their divisions
the long run
tall (Book 4)
Beginning with the first stanza, Nichol imports
an ontological wholeness through action. The entirety of a life—regardless of
its span or duration—results in an accomplishment. One’s action indicates
fullness and totality, in that the ontological imperative suggests that being
is the summation of what has been done. One’s actions throughout the course of
an individual’s existence are defined as absolute and complete: “to do […] is
the all.” The innate proposition is that existence is dependent on action—it becomes
the signifier of a life lived; to act, behave, speak, or simply do with an
accompanying honour is indicative of an experiential and existential wholeness.
Nichol’s following stanza begins to manipulate the previous stanza (both in
meaning and linguistics) with the shifting emphasis created by word spacing and
enjambment. “is the all” becomes “ist heal-” with the space between the first
‘s’ and ‘t’ syntactically shifting to the left by an increment of one and the
final ‘l’ of ‘all’ extending into the next line after the hyphen. The English
verb “is” transforms into the German verb “ist,” also a singular, third-person
verb. The additional ‘l’ in the rendering of ‘healing’ is faithful to the
replication of the double ‘l’ in the previous stanza, but it signals the
poetry’s desire for addition, extension, and elongation. “ling” simultaneously
references a diverse range of poetic options. The enjambed spelling of “heal- /
ling” ushers in this notion of the extension and continuation of the previous
line. It also occupies multiple, morphological positions, simultaneously
serving as a referent to two separate nouns, a diminutive suffix, and two
etymological links: one, to the word ‘long’ (“long,” New Oxford American Dictionary), through Middle English and Middle
Dutch, and the other to ‘lingua,’ Latin for ‘tongue.’ Through the supplanting
of vowels, this passage proffers four separate variables (and one returning
variable); sequentially, they appear as such: “ling,” “lang,” “long,” “lung,”
and “lang.” The Saxon languages use the word “lang” frequently as a cognate to
the English ‘long,’ obviously the next in Nichol’s ordering. “long” is altered
into “lung,” a source of breath and a metaphorical source of speech, not unlike
the reference to the tongue in “ling,” and the cycle closes with a return to
The majority of these analogs are corporeal in their linguistic genealogies and utilization in this passage as a whole. As Nichol mentions, the composition of The Martyrology, this sensuality of the project, is insistently indicative of one of language’s major uses: “some new beginning / sensed here / amid the sensory sensation of / speech / these words” (Book 4). The inevitability of birth, growth and extinction, both as the biological process of existence and the linguistic transmutation of all components of written, spoken, pictorial, or musical speech, are a series of actions done by and to the body; when language is presented as “lang / u age,” the imperative act of existing through time, evidenced by aging, highlights the effable length required to indicate the act itself. Time (“hour” and “days”) marks the passage of the body through existence. As the word “runes” was earlier transformed into “the running e’s,” the identical verb is presented in two different tenses; the progressive verb is here expressed in the present and past tenses. As the body and language move, the changes occur to the aging individual and the transfigured verbs; the “long run” then affects the following line, “lung ran,” again situating breath inside the utilized breathing apparatus of the individual. Breath and changing speech become indicative of the body and language user.
Nichol’s understanding of these sites of speech—the lungs, the tongue, the song, the poem—indicates a fluency of mutation between what is voiced and what is written. Often, these sites syntactically alter and blend into one another, suggesting a continuation and transmutation of expressive locales (both bodily and writerly) and techniques (poetry, song, speech, image). Despite the speaker’s demise, the language ventures towards its sustainment:
the i dies finallymerges with the land's scape
the folded page
writes its way into
the longed for
as the lips form (Book 4)
The subjective voice finally dies, perhaps dies with finality, yet is revitalized through transformation; the i is enveloped by the land, which modifies into a folded page, one which then impulsively begins to write upon itself; story becomes song, and the musical, vocal work of a choral round leads to formed lips, ultimately intimating at a circular perpetuity. Nichol replicates a comparable process of transmutation when discussing generic melding, echoing Davey’s aforementioned comments regarding the long poem’s tendency to encroach upon other literary trends:
reading B.S. Johnson earlier this week, discusses Scott's shift from
narrative poem to novel, what he saw as the death of the long poem,
puzzling its resurgence, its popularity in recent years, i realized the
lines had disappeared between the forms, that the novel & the poem
were merging finally, a clarity, freedom to move as i choose (Book 4)
Again, this similar language—the subjective i as it concludes or begins with finality, the process of merging and shifting, longing and the long poem, the increase and resurgence of language, the punning and paired language of the “new song” and the “novel & the poem”—accentuates the process of continuation in each instance or section of The Martyrology and also, most necessarily, the process of signifying constancy from one section to the next.
Nichol also imbues the feet of the individual with a poetic source of production, similarly to his sites of orality and breath. The speaker traverses the poetry, in Nichol’s usual and punning way, on prosody’s metrical unit of the foot; the streets, corridors, and passages, another evidential pun indicating a part of literature or song and also an avenue for travel itself, indicate the syntactical and linear pathway for the language to span across the page. This movement upon the foot, as a writing experience, echoes Michel de Certeau’s understanding of the cityscape as a textual location, one in which the inhabitants unknowingly write atop the streets they traverse upon: “They walk—an elementary form of this experience of the city; they are walkers, Wandersmänner, whose bodies follow the thicks and thins of an urban ‘text’ they write without being able to read it […] The paths that correspond in this intertwining, unrecognized poems in which each body is an element signed by many others, elude legibility” (“Walking in the City” 93). The body’s foot imports itself onto the streets as a utensil capable of textuality, indicating a multifarious pathway of signatory scribing:
the buildings rearranging themselves dailythe city no enemy ever took
because the streets shift even as you walk them
familiar only to the saints who lived there
recognized dwelling signs no stranger'd ever see
they went crazy on this earth
only language retaining the multiplicity they were used to (Book 4)
Certeau’s passage reflects the city-dweller’s alienation from the city itself, suggesting a civic unfamiliarity accompanies an individual throughout the contours of the space. The language that is imprinted is doubly indecipherable to the author and the reader—that is, the condition of occupying both stances within the cityscape. In Certeau’s metaphor, a sense of dislocation motivates the walkers throughout the space they find themselves in. Yet, whilst navigating the city in a bewildered state, the walker creates a text in a digressive and discursive mode, leaving behind the entrails of confusion and uncertainty. Those walking are unaware of the creation of text as a result of their own movements; thus, the legibility of signatures of every individual housed within the cityscape is unauthored and unreadable.
Nichol describes the city as being in a state of vicissitudinous shifting, wherein the city’s components are in flux during the body’s navigation. The “buildings [are] rearranging themselves daily,” “the streets shift even” as they are walked upon, and “doorways change.” The city resists the occupation of its inhabitants, renouncing the ease and feasibility of their participation; it wishes, seemingly, to reject the walker’s attempts to comport him or herself throughout its form. In Nichol’s understanding of the city-as-language, these lines speak of the linguistic mutability and fluctuation of language itself. Etymology provides an historical construct of language, yet words undergo reduction and accretion through morphology, words introduce adaptation through translation processes, and words experience extinction and resurgence. If the city rejects its walkers—if language repudiates its speakers—then the individual must re-learn how to navigate such spaces. The activity of change, loss, shifting, supersession imposes a requisite onto the city dweller; a state of maintenance and adjustability provides a purposeful attentiveness for the dweller, the language-user: “purpose can / become conceit, shift beneath the feet, the line of speech that's called / political, the signified slides below the signifier, gets lost in what's / expedient, the strength of english" (Book 4). Nichol possesses an approving attitude towards the city walker, unlike Certeau; for Nichol, language is legible, decipherable, and approachable. Even though language walks away from the user, the user can elect to walk towards language. Certainly, language alternates, exchanges, and transfigures, but this is a provocation towards the language-user; Nichol asserts that the language-user must be willing to make a comparable, responsive exertion of willingness to alternate, exchange, and transfigure, both in his/her poetic proclivities of production and tendencies of acquisition (of reading and studying).
Acknowledging that “the duty of a citizen” (Book 4) is to inhabit the city expectantly, Nichol urges the language-user to maintain a vigilance of upkeep—to orient and re-orient, as necessary, to perpetuate the inhabitation. Finality—as it conceptually relates to the demise of a city space for the usage of the public figure or even a concluding hope for The Martyrology itself—abates and diminishes the more that Nichol produces in writing. Postponement, however, is a more accurate tendency that Nichol writes towards. The long poem ventures towards an overabundance, an unreadability (due to excess), and a ceaselessness, all of which attempt to suspend an ending. This postponement is a process of deferral, by which the movement through these streets of language evades a terminus:
i am thinking it is better left behindthis city they no longer had a use for
make my way thru the shifting streets
along these sheets of paper to an ending
it is not over
it is never over (Book 4)
Even though the city’s usefulness and accessibility reach an
expirational point in time, with its inhabitants seeking to depart, Nichol
conflates the city space with the space given to the poet; the avenues and
corridors the citizen traverses through simultaneously erect themselves as the
margins and lines the poet works upon. The city shifts, like the function key
upon the keyboard, providing its user with two (and more) modes of operations,
morphing and blending into different options of service for the user. As the
streets blend into the sheets of paper, an ending is ultimately promised; but
this is undercut immediately with Nichol’s proceeding lines. There is an
ambiguity with Nichol’s use of the singular pronoun ‘it,’ in that the word can
signal the two preceding, singular nouns: ‘ending’ and ‘city.’ Simultaneously,
then, this city is not over, and an ending is never over, or vice versa. As the
near-homonymic relationship between ‘streets’ and ‘sheets’ suggests a
coalescence, the thematic relationship between the unending city and unending
poetry blend, impactfully, into one another. The linguistic relationships that
Nichol forms in his wordplay suggest fluency between one word and the next,
certainly, but also the expectation of an ending and the immediate renewal from
the resisted conclusion:
to write my way thru the books of the deadlet the process take me
the books of the living
& i move now
out of 3
some new beginning
amid the sensory sensation of
these words (Book 4)
The corpus of the city and the physical books of The Martyrology lead ‘thru’ and ‘into’ one another; the dying
cities and books pre-suppose the futurity of living cities and books. Nichol
suggests that the signatory qualities of pasthood, evidenced by expiration and
extinction, eventually foreground and
allow the substantiation of further presentations of signature.
Primarily, Nichol’s saints are a conception of language in its
material and movable forms; in this, the originary quality of an ‘st’ word is
transfigured into poetic meaning simply by the typographical introduction of
spacing. ‘st’ words become language’s realization of its own signatory status.
Through a linguistic shifting, the lowly and banal ‘st’ words are heightened to
a position of nominal referentiality, representing, predominantly, two
processes of conversion. Firstly, Nichol’s poetic impetus in discovering the
saintliness of language awakens St. Orm, for example, from his previous station
as, merely, the word ‘storm.’ This first conversion invokes a redemptive
quality by bestowing nominality onto the ordinary quality of the various ‘st’
nouns of the whole work. These words are allowed to access their own properties
of signature, ultimately providing Nichol with a new beginning in language.
Secondly, Nichol goes to great lengths to provide the individual martyrologies
of the assorted saints; in this aim, which is a primary concern in Books 1-4,
the supposed deaths of these saints of language are subverted with the emphasis
of their living status through Nichol’s own language that populates The Martyrology. Death is undermined
through a process of repurposing:
'you are dead saints'
given back into the drift of print
a different tension
of the mind's playing out of
reason (Book 4)
To drift is to shift, speech becomes one’s effort to reach, and the language bears its future iterations. Nichol’s language is genealogical and expectant of future progeny. When investigating his own familial heritage, he also comes to document the reproductive qualities of language bearing more language: “i am / the evidence of / their lovemaking / their spoor” (Book 4). A signature, then, is evidential of a current state of being and a past state of being; Smaro Kamboureli indicates: “Signature functions as a sign that oscillates between the author’s presence and absence in the text” (On the Edge of Genre 170). Signature stands as the instance of self-presentation and self-proclamation, demonstrating one’s beginning originating from one’s ending.
At the close of Book 4, a substitutional form of signature presentation occurs, where the interplay between text and image becomes another form of self-presentation:
begin againthat way among the tensions
the interplay between the letters
not in the saints’ names
which was beginnings
but in that space between
the s & t
among the shift of what at first seems arbitrary
‘to go beyond the point where it is even neces-
/ sary to think in terms of words’ (Book 4)
This initial interplay issues an ability to “begin again,” formatively reaffirming the reconstruction of words into new words through all of his usual means—puns and spacing, most pointedly. But this final quotation, a journal entry of Nichol’s from April 7, 1964 which also serves as a slightly altered epigraph to Book(s) 7 &, suggests that Nichol seeks to progress past the mode of written language. This is previously verified in the altering images of the saints themselves from Books 1-4, but the conclusion of Book 4 presents a rendered image of Nichol, beyond the various visages of Nichol that occupy the front covers of all of the texts. Nichol is presented with simple line work, the poet’s eyes are closed, and his head and chest spurt from the ground. It is a humble and simple image, and it comes to represent a different form of signature. The lone image of Nichol moves him beyond the necessity of language, fulfilling a small prophecy his closing words intimate at. But at the bottom of the page, the poet returns to language; “january to december 1975” closes the entirety of Book 4. These are dates of composition, indicating the months that spanned from one beginning to one conclusion, one month shy of an entire year. Yet they also read as graven words of the poet’s existence or even Book 4’s existence; jointly, the text and image appear as a tombstone might, with the time stamp of survival beneath the bust of a (dead) man with closed eyes. The text and the image dually demonstrate Nichol’s presence and absence, assembling the poet’s and the poem’s exhibition of signature.
de Certeau, Michel. “Walking in the City.” The Practice of Everyday Life. Trans. Steven Rendall. Berkeley: U of California P, 1984. 91-110.
Davey, Frank. The Contemporary Canadian Long Poem. Lantzville, B. C.: Island Writing Series, 1983.
Henderson, Brian. “Soul Rising out of the Body of Language: Presence, Process and Faith in The Martyrology.” Read the Way He Writes: A Festschrift for bpNichol. Ed. Paul Dutton and Steven Smith. Open Letter 6. 5-6 (Summer-Fall 1986): 111-28.
Kamboureli, Smaro. On the Edge of Genre: The Contemporary Canadian Long Poem. Toronto: U of Toronto P, 1991.
“long.” New Oxford American Dictionary. 3rd ed. Ed. Angus Stevenson and Christine A. Lindberg. Oxford: Oxford University P, 2010.
de Man, Paul. “Semiology and Rhetoric.” The Norton Anthology of Theory and Criticism. Ed. Vincent B. Leitch. New York: Norton, 2001. 1514-26.
Nichol, bp. “Interview: Caroline Bayard and Jack David.” Meanwhile: The Critical Writings of bpNichol. Ed. Roy Miki. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2002. 168-84.
———. “Interviews: Ken Norris.” Meanwhile: The Critical Writings of bpNichol. Ed. Roy Miki. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2002. 237-44.
———. “A Letter to Mary Ellen Solt.” Meanwhile: The Critical Writings of bpNichol. Ed. Roy Miki. Vancouver: Talonbooks, 2002. 113-6.
———. The Martyrology: Books 3 & 4. Toronto: Coach House, 1976.
“runes.” New Oxford American Dictionary. 3rd ed. Ed. Angus Stevenson and Christine A. Lindberg. Oxford: Oxford University P, 2010.
Jeremy Desjarlais is a doctoral student in McGill's Department of English where he is focussing on Canadian and Indigenous long poetry. | <urn:uuid:a1fda257-ed48-4017-92da-e5b76dc0eaea> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://periodicityjournal.blogspot.com/2022/02/jeremy-desjarlais-semiotics-of-long.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882573744.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20220819161440-20220819191440-00474.warc.gz | en | 0.928904 | 7,746 | 2.234375 | 2 |
International Flight No. 65
|No.||Surname||Given names||Position||Flight No.||Duration||Orbits|
|1||Klimuk||Pyotr Iliyich||Commander||3||7d 22h 02m 59s||125|
|2||Hermaszewski||Miroslaw "Mirek"||Research Cosmonaut||1||7d 22h 02m 59s||125|
|(requires Macromedia Flash Player)|
|with friendly permission of www.marscenter.it|
Launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome; landing 300 km west of Tselinograd.
Soyuz 30 was the second Interkosmos mission. Miroslaw Hermaszewski became the first cosmonaut from Poland. Following a one day solo flight Soyuz 30 docked with the Salyut 6 space station on June 28, 1978 and the crew performed common work with the second resident crew.
Once all the necessary checks had been made, the Soyuz 30 crew opened their hatch and moved into the station, where they were greeted by the two resident crewmembers. There was a traditional greeting consisting of bread and salt, along with a little fruit juice in glasses they could clink for good luck. After a familiarization tour of the station the cosmonauts began that day's program of scientific experiments.
Experiments on the field of materials science were performed. Photography of the Earth surface and study of the aurora borealis were done together with the second resident crew. The activities of the Soyuz 30 crew, however, were severely curtailed so as not to interfere with the Soyuz 29 crew. On the Soyuz 29 crew's rest day, the international crew had to stay in their Soyuz to perform their experiments.
Nevertheless, Miroslaw Hermaszewski conducted many experiments. One was crystallization experiments which produced 47 grams of cadmium tellurium mercury semiconductors for use by infra-red detectors on board the station. The yield was far greater - 50% compared to 15% - than ground-based experiments. Miroslaw Hermaszewski participated in medical experiments which measured lung capacity and the heart during exercise and in a pressure suit. One experiment, which all four on board the station participated in, was Smak, a taste experiment which sought answers to why some food was less palatable in weightlessness.
The Soyuz 30 crew was trained, as all international crews, in the use of the MKF-6M camera. Training in part took place on a Tu-134 flying at 10 km to best mimic conditions on the station. Miroslaw Hermaszewski photographed Poland in co-ordination with aircraft taking close-up photos, but bad weather over Poland limited the photo sessions. They additionally filmed the Aurora Borealis.
MKF-6M was not simply a matter of point and shoot; first the camera had to be primed, then the Salyut station had to be oriented to aim the camera directly at the ground when the photograph had to be taken.
The experiments in detail:
Sirena: Consisted of two experiments, one in the Splav furnace, the other in the Kristall furnace aboard Salyut 6. The aim of the experiment in the Splav furnace was to study the process of directed crystallization of semiconductor materials from the liquid phase in zero-g. For this purpose a cylindrically shaped crystal of the triple semiconductor "mercury-cadmium-tellurium" (HgCdTe) was placed in a quartz ampoule and melted in the furnace, after which it was cooled and allowed to solidify. Afterwards it is removed from the furnace and returned to Earth.
HgCdTe semiconductor alloys are hard to obtain in gravity because the three elements have significantly different atomic weights and convection processes (resulting from gravity) make it difficult to ensure those alloys remain homogenous. HgCdTe semiconductor crystals have been studied for many years by the Physics Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Their main application is in infrared detectors, more particularly in detectors capable of detecting radiation with a wavelength of about 10 micrometers, which is in the atmospheric "window" where water vapour and other components don't absorb this radiation. Such materials can also be used in semiconductor lasers.
It was expected that HgCdTe crystals obtained in zero g would be more homogeneous and have a more perfect crystalline structure. The experiment was prepared in collaboration with the Institute of Space Sciences (IKI).
The experiment in the Kristall furnace was aimed at studying the crystallization of semiconductors consisting of lead-selenium-tellurium (PbSeTe) or cadmium sulphide with small additions of selenium (PbSnTe) from the gaseous phase. The materials were placed in a quartz ampoule together with a monocrystal plate consisting of the same materials. During heating the materials vaporized and turned into a monocrystal, forming a layer on the monocrystal plate, which has a lower temperature. After the experiment the ampoule was extracted from the furnace and returned to Earth.
Triple semiconductors based on lead are used in infrared semiconductor lasers. They are only effective if they have a homogenous structure and this is difficult to obtain on the ground. The experiment was prepared in collaboration with IKI.
Opros (Questionnaire): An experiment designed to study how comfortable life in space is and to study work efficiency in space. For this purpose the Military Institute of Aviation Medicine (Poland) together with Soviet specialists developed a questionnaire. The cosmonauts were supposed to answer questions about various factors on a scale of one to five (e.g. sleep patterns, taste of food, interactions between international crew members, adaptation to the new conditions).
Vkus (Taste): The experiment studied changes in taste patterns in zero gravity by electric stimulation of the taste nerves using a Polish device called an "elektrogustometr". This device generated sawtooth voltage, making it possible to produce an alternating current between electrodes (from 0 to 300 microamperes) and a digital measuring system. The experiment used two electrodes, one placed on the tongue and the other on the hand. The electric impulses would generate either a metallic or a sour taste. The system measured the current required to cause a sense of taste.
Dosug (Leisure time): The Military Institute of Aviation Medicine (Poland) and Polish television along with Soviet specialists recorded several four-hour television programmes. The cosmonauts had to judge them by making notes in a special section of their on-board journals. The results would have been used to more effectively organize leisure time in space.
Kardiolider: The crew measured changes in the heart rate using the Kardiodiler-D01 instrument, developed by the Factory of X-Ray and Medical Equipment in Warsaw. Kardiodiler-DO1 is a portable device weighing 200 grams, which has an autonomous power supply and in conjunction with electrodes placed on the body can measure changes in the heart rate (in a range from 60 to 180 beats per minute). The first part of the experiment was conducted during the second flight day while the cosmonauts are wearing the Chibis vacuum suit. If there were any signs that the cosmonaut's condition deteriorated and the heart rate exceeded 100 beats per minute, the experiment would be automatically stopped.
The second part of the experiment was conducted during the third day of the flight while the cosmonauts were doing physical exercises on the VEL-1 stationary bicycle. In the first training mode their heart rate reached up to 130 beats per minute and in the second training mode up to 150 beats per minute. If the heart rate exceeded the given parameters in the first mode, the cosmonaut would slow down the speed. If the heart rate exceeded the given parameters in the second mode, the cosmonaut would stop the exercise.
The experiment was designed to help find efficient ways to prevent cardiovascular problems during long-duration missions and to help maintain work capacity during all stages of the flight.
Other experiments were: The crew continued the "Kislorod", "Teploobmen" and "Khlorella" experiments begun by the Soviet-Czech crew and also took pictures of the Earth in the interests of the national economy. They also took part in a medical experiment to study the reactions of the cardiovascular system to simulated gravity in the Chibis suit. The book "Orbity Sotrudnichestva" also mentions a medical experiment to study blood circulation using devices known as Polinom-2M, Reograf and Beta.
The Soyuz 30 crew packed their experiments into their capsule and returned to earth July 05, 1978.
The Soyuz spacecraft is composed of three elements attached end-to-end - the Orbital Module, the Descent Module and the Instrumentation/Propulsion Module. The crew occupied the central element, the Descent Module. The other two modules are jettisoned prior to re-entry. They burn up in the atmosphere, so only the Descent Module returned to Earth.
Having shed two-thirds of its mass, the Soyuz reached Entry Interface - a point 400,000 feet (121.9 kilometers) above the Earth, where friction due to the thickening atmosphere began to heat its outer surfaces. With only 23 minutes left before it lands on the grassy plains of central Asia, attention in the module turned to slowing its rate of descent.
Eight minutes later, the spacecraft was streaking through the sky at a rate of 755 feet (230 meters) per second. Before it touched down, its speed slowed to only 5 feet (1.5 meter) per second, and it lands at an even lower speed than that. Several onboard features ensure that the vehicle and crew land safely and in relative comfort.
Four parachutes, deployed 15 minutes before landing, dramatically slowed the vehicle's rate of descent. Two pilot parachutes were the first to be released, and a drogue chute attached to the second one followed immediately after. The drogue, measuring 24 square meters (258 square feet) in area, slowed the rate of descent from 755 feet (230 meters) per second to 262 feet (80 meters) per second.
The main parachute was the last to emerge. It is the largest chute, with a surface area of 10,764 square feet (1,000 square meters). Its harnesses shifted the vehicle's attitude to a 30-degree angle relative to the ground, dissipating heat, and then shifted it again to a straight vertical descent prior to landing.
The main chute slowed the Soyuz to a descent rate of only 24 feet (7.3 meters) per second, which is still too fast for a comfortable landing. One second before touchdown, two sets of three small engines on the bottom of the vehicle fired, slowing the vehicle to soften the landing.
Last update on May 10, 2016. | <urn:uuid:3530bcd6-fad8-4ff6-8af0-153d50443830> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.spacefacts.de/mission/english/soyuz-30.htm | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560285315.77/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095125-00576-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.946651 | 2,299 | 2.125 | 2 |
You?ve heard the phrase "bigger is not necessarily better." Well, that certainly holds true for manufacturers of PCBs.
There used to be a time when having enough real estate on a PCB was no problem. However, those days are gone. Today, the goal is to squeeze as many components as possible onto a board that is no larger than it absolutely has to be.
Shrinking PCBs and ComponentsThe desire for smaller products, especially in the mobile device market, is the main driver behind the shrinking size of PCBs and surface mount components. "Ten years ago, a cell phone was just a cell phone. You dialed, called and that was it. Now, you can store messages. It?s more of a time-management feature. They also have games. And with the reduction and miniaturization of the size of components, this allows more features to be added into something that is easy to carry around," says Cal Driscoll, applications manager at Manncorp Inc. (Huntingdon Valley, PA).
According to Prismark Partners LLC (Cold Spring Harbor, NY), since the 1970s, the size of passive components has decreased in area by more than 28 fold. At that time, the typical passive component was a 1206 (3.2 by 1.6 millimeters). Ten years later, 0805s (2 by 1.25 millimeters) had become the most common size, and by the end of the 1990s, 0603s (1.6 by 0.8 millimeters) were the most commonly used components.
But with the consumer desire for smaller handheld devices, components smaller than 0603s were needed. So along came 0402s (1 by 0.5 millimeter). Prismark Partners states that implementing 0402s alongside 0603s did not require processes that were much different. The 0402s have been around for several years. And most manufacturers are now comfortable with 0402s, at least in the mobile device market, even though they represent a small segment of that market.
But even now, the desire for smaller and smarter portable devices has not abated. Therefore, a new component has come onto the scene to challenge the dominance of 0402s and to challenge the automated assembly processes of PCB manufacturers.
The 0201The 0201 (0.6 by 0.3 millimeter) is currently the smallest component being produced and used. Compared with 0402s, 0201s are 75 percent smaller in both volume and weight.
They are already used in portable consumer electronic products. "Currently, 0201s are produced at a rate of 6.8 billion per year. However, they represent only 0.6 percent of total passive production," says Prismark Partners.
There are a couple of reasons for the low percentage of 0201s being used. "Some have shied away from 0201s because of the much higher design characteristics that are involved for the pads and the reflowing process. Manufacturers are using 0402s in their place," says Frank Ruiz, service area manager at Juki Automation Systems Inc. (Freemont, CA). Also, as components decrease in size, they have lower power-handling capabilities. "So you might actually need more of them or you might not be able to go that small if you need to use higher amounts of power. So you?re just going to see the smaller components in smaller handheld devices—things that don?t require excessive amounts of power," says Ruiz.
0201 Design ChallengesAccording to Jim Adriance, process research engineer at Universal Instruments? surface mount technology laboratory (Binghamton, NY), if a manufacturer is comfortable with assembling 0402s, then 0201s should not be a problem. "No special machinery is required. Parameters need to be correct, but it does not require a new system or new technology," he says.
However, there are assembly issues that need to be addressed before 0201s can be successfully implemented into a project.
One of the most important issues is knowing whether the pick-and-place machine is adequate. "There are a lot of things that have been added onto the machines to ensure the accuracy of the picks," says Ruiz.
Typically, the pick-and-place machine should have a high degree of accuracy, because the components are so small. "If you pick up right in the center of the component, ideally you shouldn?t have any problems. If you pick up off to the left, off to the right or on the edge, when it starts assembling it, there could be placement issues," says Driscoll. A pick-and-place machine with an autocorrect feature can be helpful if the machine picks up the component off center or if the paper carrier tape?s position is varying. The autocorrect feature will allow the machine to recognize that it picked up the part a certain amount off. If this amount of offset is consistent, it will automatically move the pick position to that location.
Inspection is an integral part of the PCB assembly process. Typically, computer-aided design (CAD) data sets the positioning where the component should be placed. Some pick-and-place machines have an onboard camera, so when the component is placed, the camera can see if it has been placed correctly in reference to the CAD data. Or afterwards, you could have auto-mated optical inspection equipment outside of the machine to inspect placement and position.
When the component is in the feeder, the operator should know how low to go in the feeder to pick up the component. Therefore, most pick-and-place machines should have a height-measurement system to gauge the exact Z position of the tape feeder. By determining the exact distance needed to pick up the component, the machine will run faster.
Pick-and-place machines use vacuum nozzles to pick 0201 components from a paper carrier tape. Manufacturers should be aware that the nozzle should be a special 0201 nozzle. Nozzles are typically made of plastic, steel or ceramic. Driscoll suggests using a ceramic nozzle. "With plastic nozzles, when you get down that small, you start to sacrifice a degree of robustness. With steel, you could have problems with scoring the component, or if the steel gets dented or damaged, it could sacrifice the suction and cause the component to get dropped," he says.
Ruiz adds that with 0201s, the part should be picked up and placed with no more than 3 newtons of force. If the nozzle goes down too hard, the component might tombstone, or it might fly out of the nozzle pocket. Therefore, the nozzle needs to have a delicate spring.
Manufacturers should also be able to automatically detect whether the tip of the vacuum nozzle is clogged. This might prevent a component from being placed incorrectly. Pick-and-place machines with a component-release check have a laser that checks the end of the nozzle to ensure that the component has been delivered to the board and is not sticking to the side of the nozzle.
Another important issue when incorporating 0201s into a PCB project is choosing the correct type of stencil and the screen printing process. "If you?re dealing with smaller components and you?re using a larger solder paste or the solder ball size is larger, it?s not going to fit through the holes. The balls are going to be larger than what the holes are for the 0201 components," says Driscoll.
Going hand in hand with choosing the stencil is solder paste selection. Solder paste selection should be based on the particular application, and generally most applications use no-clean solder paste. No-clean flux chemistry combines chemicals to accomplish a number of tasks in the soldering process, such as cleaning the parts to be soldered and keeping the solder powder from oxidizing during storage and reflow heating. These fluxes produce a solder paste that can be applied as required, will stay in place, will hold components in place prior to reflow and be inert after the soldering process.
Additionally, because solder paste has a definite ball or particle size once the flux is activated, there is a solder paste best suited for 0201s. "Most suited for a 0201 would be a size 3," says Driscoll.
Poor board planning up front can lead to defects later on during the reflow process. Pad size, pad dimension and distance will affect the reflow profile. According to findings from Universal Instruments, a pad design of 12 by 15 by 9 mils is optimal for 0201s. Component pad spacing is also critical. For example, the optimal pad spacing for 0402s and 0603s is 0.3 millimeter from one component to the other. For 0201s, spacing has decreased to 0.15 or even 0.1 millimeter.
The reflow profile also depends on the density of the board. If the board is thick, it will require more heat or a longer time in the oven. If it is a thin board, it will need less heat or less time in the oven.
Common DefectsThe two most common defects found with 0201s are tombstoning and solder bridging.
Tombstoning occurs when a component is misaligned so that it stands on one of its sides. This typically happens when one side is pulled harder than the other. One side of the component reaches a liquid state before the other, creating a surface tension where the molten solder pulls the component vertically. Other causes for tombstoning include heterogenous flux wetting speed, using attachment pads or component terminations that have poor solderability, and excessive heating speed or inadequate flux activation time.
Solder bridging is the formation of an electrical short when sections of solder from two adjacent components run together, forming a conductive path between the two components.
"Many parameters will influence defects. It goes back to pad design and stencil design. The solder paste print process is crucial. Placement accuracy is very important, along with the type of solder paste that you?re using and the reflow profile," says Adriance.
How Small Can Components Get?There are components coming online that are smaller than 0201s. The next size smaller than a 0201 is the 0105. Adriance believes that these will be predominantly used in handheld products. They could also go into other niche applications, such as a hearing aid.
Driscoll has another idea about the use for components smaller than 0201s. "A lot of Arial, the smallest components get embedded underneath components like a quad flat pack, or embedded into circuit traces. Even though our demand for smaller and smaller components is definitely out there, I can?t see, just for shear mechanical limitations of the equipment that we?re using, it going much further. At that point, it will just go to embedded circuitry. They?ll just take that component and put it right into the land pattern of the PCB, and that will be done at the PCB house. The current mechanical limitations of the machines just can?t process it," he says.
Adriance agrees. "I believe that they are somewhat approaching [the smallest] at the moment with the 0105s. I?m not saying that they won?t go smaller, but I don?t see the need or the drive to go considerably smaller than that in the near future." | <urn:uuid:58febd6f-5f5a-4785-93b8-a5e58021297e> | CC-MAIN-2022-33 | https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/83109-placing-tiny-parts-precisely | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2022-33/segments/1659882572192.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20220815145459-20220815175459-00065.warc.gz | en | 0.951183 | 2,361 | 2.609375 | 3 |
Welcome to NamUs Unidentified Persons
Welcome to the National Unidentified Persons System, a searchable database created to assist in solving cases that involve unidentified human remains. The system includes cases from throughout the United States and may be searched by demographics, physical characteristics, case numbers or other specific information. New records are added every day by medical examiners and coroners across the country, increasing the chances that these unidentified persons will be named. Registration is not necessary to search the database, but coroners and medical examiners are required to register in order to enter case information.
This site is part of NamUs, the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System. This database is designed to search for matches against the Missing Persons Database.
This Web site is funded through a grant from the National Institute of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice. | <urn:uuid:c202be17-c008-44e3-8e8a-a645260d7af4> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | https://identifyus.org/en | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560284352.26/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095124-00198-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.896023 | 175 | 1.507813 | 2 |
Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Drug and alcohol abuse by Marc Alan Schuckit Written to serve the needs of clinicians handling emergency problems, and the student seeking an introduction to abused substances, the new fifth edition of this acclaimed text offers the most up-to-d.... Published date on: 2000 with total page: 380 pages. Publisher of Drug and Alcohol Abuse is Springer Science & Business Media.
Written to serve the needs of clinicians handling emergency problems, and the student seeking an introduction to abused substances, the new fifth edition of this acclaimed text offers the most up-to-date clinically oriented guide available in the field of drug and alcohol abuse. This valuable work continues to set the standard for substance abuse research. New features of the fifth edition include: -A revision of approximately 70% of the references with most citations from 1997-1999. -Important expanded material on pharmacology. -An entire chapter on Prevention has been added. -More in-depth coverage of substance-related pathology and treatment related issues. -Special attention is placed on the upcoming DSM-IV revision. -More information on co-morbidity with psychiatric disorders and genetics of substance use disorders.
Do you want to subcribe this ebook drug and alcohol abuse? If you have read an ebook before don't be hasitate to leave review about the book drug and alcohol abuse. But otherwise, you can registar/sign up before downloding this pdf book. We have huge database of ebooks in our library. If you bought an ebook than you want another ebook we suggest you to become our library member.
What do you get from becoming member in our library? 1.You can read free a lot of books from our database. 2.You can use any kind of ebook reader available on market, because our book available in various format. 3.You able to find your ebook fastly through our library because we put ebooks based on categories such as adventure, art, law, social, health, medical, science, romance, fiction, non-fiction and etc. | <urn:uuid:ae895199-04ee-4c2d-a0bc-d46b21ae2ac6> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.wewoek.com/load-drug-and-alcohol-abuse.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560281419.3/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095121-00490-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.925493 | 415 | 1.75 | 2 |
CJA356 Criminal Evidence
Lead Faculty: Dr. James E. Guffey
A study of the elements of criminal law as applied to various theories of criminal evidence to enhance understanding of the various issues facing prosecutors, criminal justice practitioners and law enforcement agents. This course will explore the application of evidentiary issues and its relationship to investigations and criminal conduct.
- Describe the basic concepts of criminal evidence.
- Analyze all constitutional issues and the need for protecting the individual from the potential of misapplication of evidence.
- Explain the distinct between criminal evidence and investigatory procedures.
- Describe the role and significance of criminal evidence as it relates to due process, and the rights as supported by the constitution.
- Describe a breakdown of the evidentiary issues in all criminal procedure cases. | <urn:uuid:2d3a2bf4-0b49-4186-9ba0-d20b494556a3> | CC-MAIN-2017-04 | http://www.nu.edu/OurPrograms/School-of-Professional-Studies/ProfessionalStudies/Courses/CJA356.html | s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2017-04/segments/1484560280221.47/warc/CC-MAIN-20170116095120-00236-ip-10-171-10-70.ec2.internal.warc.gz | en | 0.906151 | 162 | 2.125 | 2 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.