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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืชื•ื“ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื›ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืชืื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืกืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืงืจืค"ืจ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืืžื™ื ื” ื•ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืชืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืจืžืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื•.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืฉืœ "ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื”". ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ - ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ืข ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืคื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืื™ืชื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืชื•ืฉื’ ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011 ื—ืฉืคื” ืืคื•ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืฉื ืช 2012 ื™ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืกื“ ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ - ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉ"ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื• ' ื”ืชืจื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ ืชื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•. ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืื™ืœืฆื• ืืช ืฉื‘ "ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื›ื™ ืื™ -ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืž"ื˜ ืฉื‘"ืก ืžืื– ืžืื™ 2010 ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื“ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ -ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืžื  "ื˜, ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื•.
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ื ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืชื—ื ืชืขืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 , ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืž"ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื; ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ืขืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ - 1997 , ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื”ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ื™ืžื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืœ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืžืž"ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž (ืชืขืฉ) ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 -2012 ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืคืœื™ื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืขืœืชื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ; ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืื™ -ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืขืฉ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืžืชื—ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžื ืคืœื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื–ืจ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 . ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื™ -ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืชืขืฉ, ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 ื•ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืฉื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
495
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืจื™ื›ื– ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœืœื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืื™-ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช (ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช; ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™) ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช (ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘"ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืงืœ" ืœืฆื”"ืœ).
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืคืขืœ ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื•. ืขื ื–ืืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื ื•ืชืจื• ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื: ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ืžืคื"ืช; ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืคื"ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœื•ืชื™ื•; ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื"ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ื•ื”ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืœื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžืœืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคื"ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•"ืค ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ื‘ืžืขื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
496
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021 , ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื•ืื•ื™ืฉื• 17 (77% )ืž-22 .ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืชืงื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020 ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืขื ืงื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื•ืฉ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืงืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืงื ื•: ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื•. ืžืฉื›ืš, ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืชื ื ื•ืชืจื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื•ืžื ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกืงืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“.
497
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ - ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2021 ืขื“2025 , ืชื•ืš ืงื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžืกื›ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” - 10 .ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—
ืžื”ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ืขื ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืืš ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืœืขื•ืžืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
498
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 .ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืœื›ืœืœ ืœืžืกืžืš ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ื’ื ืœื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื›ืก ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืกื—ืจ ืขื™ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
499
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืกืคื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ืจื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืฅ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื.
ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืœื”ืŸ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“, ื•ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื.
500
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืจื›ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืกืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘"ื› ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ - ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2017 . ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื, ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืœืขืจื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืคื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘"ื› ืชืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื- ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืกืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
501
ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž .ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžืก"ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 . ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 . ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืก"ืœ ืื™ืœื• ื ื”ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื” ื•ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืชื.
ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2019-2015 ื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืžืกืคืจ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ื’ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื.
502
ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ . ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”-21, ื”-22 ื•ื”-23 - ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืœื• ืฉืชืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•, ืชืคืขืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชื™ื™ืฉื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืชืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ 1,000 ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืคื˜ืจื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื”, ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืœ ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืข ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื (ืจืื• ืืช ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช").
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ืžืฆืื• 79 ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ืืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ (ื›-18% ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ื) ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ 64 ืื—ืจื™ื (ื›-14% ) ืœื ืžืฆืื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•. ืžืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ ื›- 1,600 ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ (ื›- 0.035 % .)ืžื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
503
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืžืฆ"ื— ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ืคืขืœ ืœื—ื ื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆ"ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ืชื•ืงืŸ: ืžืจื—ื‘ ื“ืจื•ื ื ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืงื‘ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืจื›ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ื ืš ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืขืจืš ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฆ"ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื” (ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื). ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™. ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื” ืœื—ื ื™ื›ืช ืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฆ"ื— ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืจื›ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš 55 ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช- ืฆื”"ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื 41 .ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
504
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ - ื”ืž"ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืคืจืกื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ืงื‘ืข ืื’"ืช (ื”ืง"ื) ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืื•ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜: ื‘ื”ืง"ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืชืื ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ื”ืค"ืขื•ืช), ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ (ืค"ืž) ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืื’ืคื™ ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืž"ื‘ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืž"ื‘ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืื ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืค"ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืž"ื‘ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืชืื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜, ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื—ื”"ื™. ื–ืืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืื’"ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืž"ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข.
505
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืจื—"ืœ ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ื•ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ืื•ืฉืจ ืื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืฆื”"ืœื™ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืฃ , ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืจื—"ืœ ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช.
ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืฆื”"ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืจืฃ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื—"ืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื•ืืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ื™- ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
506
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืืžืŸ ืžืคืงื“ื•ืช ืจื‘-ื–ืจื•ืขื™ (ืžืžืจ_ื–) ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืžืžืจ"ื– ืื™ื  ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื ื™ื ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื•ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืงื•ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื•ืจื’ืœ, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืืž"ืฅ ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืžืจ"ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืฉืืœื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืงืจื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžืจ"ื– ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื™ื•ืช.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืžืš ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื‘ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 , ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžืจ"ื–-ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื— ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2015 ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงืฆื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืœื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘-ื–ืจื•ืขื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
507
ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื˜ืขืŸ, ื”ื‘"ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช163. ืžืฉื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘.
ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ, ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืžืชื•ืš 25 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ - ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉื ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›-1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื, ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื2017 - 2019165 . ืžืชื•ื›ื, ื›-300 ( ืืœืฃ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื21% .)
508
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž โ€“ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื” .ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžื˜"ื— ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืข"ื; ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2015 - 2019 ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”; ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื›ืžืขื˜80% ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžื˜"ื— ื”ืŸ ื›-30% .ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืชืข"ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื”, ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืชืคืขืœ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื•, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืชืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•. ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
509
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืข"ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืข"ื ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืื• ืจื›ืฉื” ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ,, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื ืœืชืข"ื ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•. ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื•.
.ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืจืคืืœ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืื• ืจื›ืฉื• ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 ื”ื™ื” ืชืฉืข. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืื• ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ. ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื›-1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 (ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช) ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืจืคืืœ ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืž-136 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ืœื›-369 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 , ื•ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืขื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
510
ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื' ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื• ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื•ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ืื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื“ ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”.
511
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ ื, ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืงืขื•ืช ืงืจืงืข, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืขืœื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ
.ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื”ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื.
512
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขืจืš ืชื—ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉ"ื— (ืœื”ืœืŸ - "ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช " ืื• ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™). ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉ"ื— ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืžืœื ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืชื™ื”ื . ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื” ืžื™ืคื•ื™, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืื™ืจืขื•786 ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช - ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื” ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื™ 249 ืž-786 ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช (ื› -32% )ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 , ืืšืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื• ืขืœ 123 .ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื•
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช 197 ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื’ื ืขืœื” ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื“ ื™ืขื” ืœืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ 96 ( ืžื”ื49% ,)ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœืขืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ 75 ( ืชื™ืงื™ื38%).
513
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืœ- 31.12.08 ื”ืกืชื›ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื” ื‘ื›-74 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืฉ"ื—. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช.
.ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืœืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื•.
514
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืฉืžื•ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื ืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”.
ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืื—ืจืื™ ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืืช ืงื ื˜, ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ; ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืฉื ืกื™ืขืชื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจื” ื•ืืฃ ืฆื™ืจืฃ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื”. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืง ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจืžื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
515
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ .ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ, ืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ. ืœืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ "ืžืจื•ื ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ" ื•ื’ื ืœื• ืขืฆืžื• ื›"ื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš". ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืขืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœื›ืœืœ "ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงืชื• ืžื ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืืช ืžืจืื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื˜ื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ, ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ "ืžืจื•ื ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ" ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›"ื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš". ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ, ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืฉืจ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœ"ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืชื•ืคืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช . ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ืฉืœื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืชื.
ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ( 35.9% :) ืœ- 301 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ839 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•619 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื”. ืœืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ: ืœืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื›ื• ื”ื™ื• 13 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืžืจื›ื–ืช ื”ื™ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” - 13 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืžืจื›ื–ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ - 9 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืจื›ื–ืช ื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข- 8 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœืจื›ื–ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ - 8 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื›ื• ( 63.8% ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ( 62.5% ( ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื“ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื 60% ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ( 53.6% ( ) ื•ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 52.5% .)
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื– ืœืขื ืคื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืขืœื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2015 ), ืื•ืœืืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ -ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” . ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื ื•ื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืง ื‘ืข. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกืžืš , ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื™ื”, ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื›ืš ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2008 .ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘
518
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก .ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืž"ื™ - ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก.
ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื— ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขื“ ื›ื” ื ืชืงืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืž ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช. ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืชืžืฉืš ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ.
519
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœืŸ.
. .ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ - ื›ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื - ื’ื ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ืžื—ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื“ื™ื ื” ืžืืกืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. (ื‘) ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 ืกื•ื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” (ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ) ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื” ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”. ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืชืกื•ื›ื ืœื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื“ืžื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ. ื ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”.
520
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื™ื•ืฉ ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช .ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื›- 4,000 ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ืื•ื™ืฉื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื”ืŸ ื›-330 ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ืœื ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ื ื“ืœ"ื ื™ ืจื‘, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช: ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืง. ืขืœ ืž ืž"ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ืฉ ืืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ืช. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืž"ื™ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 21.
ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื™ื“ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืงืฉื” ืœืจื›ื–. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
521
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืงึฐืœึธื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื— ื™ื•ึผื•ื™ึดื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจ ื›ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ืจื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื‘ืจืžืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœืœื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ (ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘"ื”) ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืขืžื“ื•ืช "ื”ืœื‘ื ื”" ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
522
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืืคืฉืจื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ (ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืืจื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข), ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ.
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื•.
523
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื• - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืคืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž-20 ืจื›ื–ื™ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื77-55 ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ื•ืœื45 .
.ืžืฉืจืช ื–ื”, ืืš ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉืงืคื• ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
524
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื› - 1,500 ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืก ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื• ืช ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื• ืช, ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืืฉืจ ื–ืืช ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื—ืจืื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
525
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช . ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืคืจืกื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืจ ืžื•ืคื– ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ืื–, ืœืฆื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืชื, ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”.
.ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืœืค "ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื, ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœืค"ื:
526
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31.12.08 - ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช .%20 ( ืžื”ืŸ18 )ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช27 . ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืœื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ืžื•ืžืฉื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื“-ื”ื•ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจืข ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืงื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืกืคืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืงืœืขื•ืช ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืคืขืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ื 35 ื“(ื) ื•-35 ()ื™ื“(ื2 ) ืœื—ื•ืง ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืžืŸ. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื” ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ืืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจ ื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจืกื.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ืืก ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืงื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ. ืกื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืžืจ ืืจื™ืง ืคืจืฅ, ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื•ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื ืœื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื–ืืช ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื2.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืŸ, ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืืฃ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ืชื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืจื›ื–ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืจื” ื›ืœืœ ืœืžืกืคืจื ื”ืขืฆื•ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืง ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืคื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื•ืคื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ื”ืจื‘, ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืข ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช - ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืกืžื›ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
530
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืกื—ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื’ื“ืจ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ื˜ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื”. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื›ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื”.
ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื‘ืฆืจ ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
531
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืž ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื, ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื”ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ื™ื–ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื” ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืื• ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืžืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืคืจื•, ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”, ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•) ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกืš, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืงืจืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืกืจื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืกื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
532
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ . ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืขืžืกื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื• ืžืื– ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื.
ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”, ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2010 , ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ (ื‘).
533
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 1997 , ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ; ืื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื•ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ื”ืจืœ"ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืคืขืœื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืจื›ืก ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื– ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื• ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•.
534
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ื›ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื•ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจื˜ืœื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืชื•.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื- ืžืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช-ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช - ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืงื˜ืช, ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ - ืงื ืก ื›ืกืคื™ - ืขืœ ืžืคืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜20 .
535
ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื”. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืžื ื•ืช. (ื—ืœ_ืฆ) . ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ - ื“ื•ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื•ืช"ืช ื•ืฉื ืงืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื’; ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืœ"ื’ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœ"ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”" ื•ืœื ืœ"ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื”". ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื’ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช; ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ื™ืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืค ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. 2. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžืœ"ื’, ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ - 2008 ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืจื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉื›ืจ ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืจืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืชื.
1 . ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ื•ืช"ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื› - 50% ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื•ืจืง ื›- 13% ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืง ืฉื ืงืจ ื‘ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ื‘' ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”. ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ื›ื™ 61% ืžืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืง ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ืกื’ืœ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื• ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจืื”). ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื‘ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ื‘' ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื˜ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ืžืจืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
536
ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื”. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืžื ื•ืช. (ื—ืœ_ืฆ) . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืžืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืฉื™ืชืฃ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ, ืื• ืœืžืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื. ื ื•ื›ื— ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื“ืจ ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืขืžืœื” (ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื•") ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื 30 ื•ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื”ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ (ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2010 ,) ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงื”, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ืฉื ืงืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2002 , ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื—ืชืžื• ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื“ืื– ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืกืš ื›- 650,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื‘ืกืคื— ื”ื”ืžื—ืื” ืฆื•ื™ืŸ: "ื“ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืชืจื•ืžืช 'ื”ืงืจืŸ'".
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื“ืื– ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืจืš, ืืœื ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื.
537
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืจื” ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ "ื“ืœืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช" ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื›ืš ื ืฉ"ื ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื”. .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืขืœื™ื” ื’ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืฉืงืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
.ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื•ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื• ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’. ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช.
538
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืช ืœืงื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš 2. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจ ื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื™ืฅ. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœ"ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”" ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื”ืขืฉืจืชื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื’ืœื’ืœื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืชื” ืœืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืž"ื“.
539
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœ"ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื‘ื•ื™", ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื•ื™ืื•ื™ืฉื• ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
540
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื›ืš.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ืจื™ืง ื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืžืฉืงืคืช ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ, ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ื.
541
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืคืจืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืงืœืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืคืจืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืก, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
542
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื•, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืกืชืคืงื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื  ืžืฆืื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืง ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื“ืจืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
543
ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื™ื .ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื’"ืฅ, ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ืื’ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื. ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช "ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื - ื›ืงื™ื•ื ืื™-ืชืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื“ืจื› ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขืชื ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื..."57 .ื‘ื’"ืฅ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื58.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื; ื‘ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื™ ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื, ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืง ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“.
544
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื• ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื›ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืกื“ืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืžื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•.
545
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•_ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข. ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ.
ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื› -600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœ - 8,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื™ืœื ืœื”ื ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืœื ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืคื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื—, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืฉืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ื— ืคืจื˜ื™. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื—ืกืจ, ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืœ ืกืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ืืฉืจ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื”.
546
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ 2. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื, ื•ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004 ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื‘' ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืง80% ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื—ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืœืงืชื” ื‘ื—ืกืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื‘ืŸ ืœืงื•ื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
547
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืข - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืžื“ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื— ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื•ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื - ืžื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืชื ืขื“ 2008 , ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ื”ืชื—"ืฆ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ., ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ
548
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ื”ืงืžืช ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืกื›ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื  ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืžื ื”ืจื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 ื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
549
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื“ืขืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ ืืฃ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืœืžื•ื ื™ื.
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ -34 ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ -30 (88% ) ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง: ื‘-13 (81% ) ืž-16 ,ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘-17 (94% ) ืž-18 .ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื
550
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” (ื) ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืชื "ืฅ ืื’ื‘ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืคื–"ืž : ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2007 ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ืงื•ื“ืžื•20 ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืชื "ืฅ. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื ืฆ"ื ืื• ืฉื˜ืจื ืขื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืœืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื™ ื™ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœื“ืจื’ ืช ืชื "ืฅ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2009 ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ื—ืจื’ ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื:
ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ืœืงื“ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื™ืœืื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช - ื”ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืกื  "ืฅ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื ืฆ"ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื:
551
ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช . ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืชืœื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืช ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจืžื™ืงื” ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืฉืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ืืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• "ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื". ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช; ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช 24 ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื ื"ื ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืคืงื• ืœื›ื ืกืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ , ืฉื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื ื"ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘"ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช" ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื ื›"ืœ, ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคืขืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
552
ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ื‘ื˜ืจื ืขืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืชืŸ ื”ื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชื ืื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ.
(ื) ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ืžืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ืื™-ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž -13 ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืฉื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœืง ื‘ืœืชืŸ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”. (ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืชื ื” ืœืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ - ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืกื” ืื• ื ื•ืคืฉ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•"ืžืขื ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื”" (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ื ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืฉื•. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”, ืืš ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•:
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ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008 - ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2008 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008 , .ื›ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ื— ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืค ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื. ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื”.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชืŸ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงื•ื“ืžืช14.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืชื ื ื’ืขื• ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืœื ืœืขืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื•ื ืคื’ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
ื—ืจืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืจ"ื™ ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื” ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” - ืฉื ืช 2006 - ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช (ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ) ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจ"ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ .ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจ (ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”). ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ืงื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืกืจื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืžืคื” ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื’ื‘ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืงืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ืืช ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื.
1. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ,ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื™ ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”: ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ (ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆืžืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช); ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ; ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืกืžื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื; ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”; ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื’ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื; ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืชืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003 ื”ืขืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœื ืžืคื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืกื˜ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืฃ ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ืžื•ืกื˜ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืžืฉืง
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ (ืžืœืจ_ื“ื™ื) ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื - ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืคืงื• ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื•ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื–ืขืจื™.
ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืชืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืขืžืง ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“. ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ื ืกืจืง ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžืกืžืš ืžื•ื“ืคืก. ื‘ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™, ืฉืืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“. ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืืš ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืกืจืง ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžืง, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืกื•ืจื•ืงื”, ื”ืžืœื™ ืฆื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืคื•ื ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ืž_ืจ - ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” - ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืคืช"ื— ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื.
ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืชืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื”ืกืคืง. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘ - 1992 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื) ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื’- 1993 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื) ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื—ืชื ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืกื›ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืก ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืื™ืœืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื•. ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™
. ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืข ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจื•"ื— ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืกืง ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžืข"ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ ื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ื 2007 -2009 ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืœืœืชื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื˜ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื”ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœืง ื‘ืœืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžืก. ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื• ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืฉืงืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืกืงืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืกืงืจ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืชืชืจื—ืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื˜ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื– ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 50% ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื– ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 ื•- 2011 , ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื’ื ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืœืขื™ืœ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืž ืกื’ืจืช ืชืž"ื 41 ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืชื™ืงื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคืจื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืื ืฉืœ ืชืž"ื 41 ,ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื”ื’ื– ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืจื‘- ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช.
563
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืก, ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืจื›ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ "ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ืจ" ืžื“ื’ื .CL-415 , ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื›- 1.110 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ืžืขืœื” ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืื ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข. ื–ืืช ื’ื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืœื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ - ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ "ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ืจ" - ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืงืœื™ื (ืžืกื•ื’ "ืื™ื™ืจ-ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ"), ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ื’ื ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ: ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ ืฉืื™ืจืขื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010 ื™ื–ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืก ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” "ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ". ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจ ืœื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืก ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
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ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช . ื“ื•ื— ื’ื•ื˜ืคืจื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ,. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2006 ื•ืขื“ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืž ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืกื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืื•, ื™ื™ื–ืžื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื’ื ืžืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืขื™ืœ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช: ื”ืื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืคื˜ื ื˜; ื”ืื ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืืชื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช; ื”ืื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื•ืกื—ืจื• ื•ืžืชื™; ื”ืื ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช; ื•ื”ืื ืœืืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช "ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš" ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช (ืชื ืื™ ืกืฃ) ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™. ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืืžืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชื ืื™ื• ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ืืช ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื•ืืฃ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื–ืขืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืžืกืจื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• - ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆ ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืชืชืจื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื”ื’ ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”20 . ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื•ืœื ืชื’"ื– ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืชืงืคื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸืœื ื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืื• ืžืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืงืข ืชื•ืงืคื ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื ืชื’"ื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– , ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช .ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืž ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ืกืงืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืคื"ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื›ืฉื” ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžืื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืคื"ืจ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื. ืžืฉื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืกืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืœืืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ืื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืชืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™, ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืก ืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื - ืžืข_ืฆ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื” 5 (ื’) ืœืชืงื ื•ืช, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ื“, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช: ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื - ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• "ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช" ื•ืœื "ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื" ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืชืŸ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื–. ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจืจื” ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช. ืœื• ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืงื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื ืชื™ื ืชื”.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชื™ืื’ื•ื“, ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžื™ืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืขืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉืชืŸ, ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืช"ืง, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ืชื™ืื’ื•ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืง ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืช"ืง ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก, ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•.
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ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืชืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ - ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืงื•ืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™.
ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื˜"ื—.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื”ืกืคืง ืœื”ืกื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2009 ื•ืขื“ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011 ,, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืขืœื•ืชืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืžืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขืžื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื (ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ), ื”ืชืฉื "ื’ - 1993. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื›ืจื– ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 . ืื ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืง.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืคืงื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื ื•ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืง ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื 2009 -2011 , ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื‘ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื— (ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ).
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืกืงื ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืคืชื•, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื™. ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื’ื‘ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื—"ื™ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 1996 -2008 . ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื› -3.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืฆื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—. ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจื™ื (ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ) ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืื™ืชื•ืจืŸ ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชื ืื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืื•ืฉืจื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ืชื ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืฉืจื•, ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” (ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1975 - 1981 ) ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ (ืžืฉื ืช 1982 ื•ืื™ืœืš) ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉ"ื—. ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ืคืขืœ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืชื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ื ืืฃ ื ื”ื ื™ื - ืื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช - ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืงื•ืคื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ื. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ (ื›ืค"ื™), ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืฉ ืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ืœืคื ืกื™ื”. ื›ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช "ืžืฆืœื™ื—"71 .ืคื•ืขืœืช
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืกื•ืคื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ื“ื•ืจ ื, ื‘ ื•-ื’) ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื•ืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืืช ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื›ื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืœื™ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืคืงื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ืž- 1.1.09 ืœืชื–ืจื™ื ืž- 18.1.09 ,ื•ืฆื•ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื›ืค"ื™) ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ 2.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื–ืจื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืค"ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 1.1.09 ืืžืจ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืจ ื”ืจืืœ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื”: "ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2009 ืœื›.ืค.ื™". ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2009 ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžืจ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื: "ืื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ". ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 .ืื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื›ืค"ื™
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ื•ืคืจ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืข"ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ืžืข"ื ืชืœ -ืื‘ื™ื‘ 3 ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื—ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ืื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืคืจื”, ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื” ื ื’ื‘ืชื” ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืื• ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื›ืก. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืก, ื•ืื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ - ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื ืžืฆืื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฆืขื“ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจ ืื ื›ืš ืจื•ืคืฃ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืžืจืฅ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœืช ืงื•ื“ ืืชื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช.
579
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืงื ื”, ืžืกืคื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืœืื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช 48 ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ืŸ 180- (ืžืชื•ืš ื› 2019 ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2018 ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืจืฆื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•), ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืงื ื”. ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื”, ืขื“ 44%-ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ 42% -ืœืงื•ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืชื•ืืจื• ืจื™ื— ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืกื™ื 33%-ื•ื”ืฉืงืชื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื”; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช 29%-ื‘ืชืื™ื; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื ืจืฉื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœืคื™ 4%-ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ; ื•ื‘ื› ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืงืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื.
ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืชื™ืขื“ื• ืืช 2019 ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืžื“ื“ื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื™ื‘ื•ื-ื™ืฆื•ื
580
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื”"ื ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืœื”ืคืฆืชื•, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื”"ื ื ื”ืœื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื, ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื”"ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื”"ื ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื”"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืชื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”"ื ืœื™ืชืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”"ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืฉื”"ื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื”"ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื•.
581
ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืžืš, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉื‘ืฅ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ื˜ืจื ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื˜ืจื ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื›"ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื". ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื›ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื.
ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ 12 . ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” 2016 ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืื™ ืจืืฉ, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ืขืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“.
582
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืื™-ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 2014 ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื“ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ "ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชืžื ื” ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”", ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช. ืื•ืžื ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื– ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉืžื•ื ืชื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืžืœืื™ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื“ืœื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื ื•ืช. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื›ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื™ื ื•ื™ึธื ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืฉืจ ืžืžื ื” ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื• ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืจ ืื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
583
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืž"ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื•, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžืจื‘ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืž"ื™. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืื—ืจืช, ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืจืž"ื™ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ืช"ืค ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื•, ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืช"ืค ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืž"ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
584
ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžืจืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”. ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”
ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืข ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืฆืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืขื•ื– ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืจืฉื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืืœื”, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืืช ืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื’ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—. 50%-ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื› ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ๏– ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืฆืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืฆืจ ืขื“ ืชื•ื ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข.
585
ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ื ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ.
ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื”. ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื—"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขืฆืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื-ืžื•ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื“ื’ื™ืžืชื ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ืช ืื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื, ื•ืชื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื.
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ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื” ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ืžื ื ื”ื•ื˜ืžืข ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืจืฉื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื ื—ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื™ืขื“ื™ ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉืœื™ืคืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคื™ืœื•ื— ื”ืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื•ืš ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืœืคื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื—ื™ืœื•ื˜ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืง ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืื• ืฉื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื‘ื”ื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืคืกื“"ืค, ืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื”.
587
ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืื”. 18,000 - ืž"ืจ ืœื›ืœื•ื - ื› 4.5 ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ , ืขืœื•ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื™- 2020 ืžืื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืกืง ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืื™ื.
588
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืจืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช - ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ, ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื, ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ืจืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ืœืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืžืงื•ื•ื ืช - ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื–ื” ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื ืกื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืคืจื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื’ืฉืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
- ืžื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืคื•ืš ืฉืจืฉื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืกืคืง ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ 13-ื› ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื - ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืœืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืชืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ - ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืฅ ื”ืื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื“ื ื•ืœื ืชื—ื• - ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉื™ื ื”ืคื•ื›ื™ื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื”ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืžืŸ, ืขืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ื•ื”ื’ื ืฉื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื’ืžืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื”ืื’ืฃ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
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