tree
stringlengths
23
107k
โŒ€
conc
stringlengths
71
2.77k
โŒ€
doc_id
int64
0
1.11k
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ "ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช" ืื•ืชื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื˜ื”". ืขื•ื“ ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉ ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื” ืœืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ื” "ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืžื˜ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ืคืขืœ ืœืชื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช".
ื—ืœื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื”ื ื”ืœืช 2017 ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช 2018 ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื“ืื–, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžื˜ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
591
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.18 - ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื—ื“ื“ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•. ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืžืฆื ืคืขืจ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืžื”ืœืš ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืข ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ืœืฉื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืชืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ืงื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืœืžืชืŸ ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืืกื“ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
592
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื“ื•"ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื•ื’ืžืœืื™ ืฆื”"ืœ" ื•ื›ื™ "ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื”"; ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื™ืืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื•ื’ืžืœืื™ื•, ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื™ืœื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
ืžื•ื ื” ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ 2016 ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจืฉื™ ืฆื”"ืœ.
593
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื“ ืžืื™ 2018 ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช 2019 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช 13- ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื› 24 ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ืืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื‘ ื—ืชื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืคื” ืื—ื“.
ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” , ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ืœื”ืงื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืจื›ืฉ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืืฃ ืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืชืคื™ืกืชื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืžืชื”. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ืชื ื™ื™ืช 2019 ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืฉืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงืžืชื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื“ื•ืข, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ื ื ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™, ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžืฉื›ื• ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืฉืจืช ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืืช ืžืฉืจืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื›ืฉ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขืฉื”. ืขื“ ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื›ืฉ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ืจื’ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช.
594
ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื›ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืžื ืข ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœื•. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืกื“ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืืชื’ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื.
ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ 59 ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ (ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืื—ื•ื– ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ื”), ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ื”ื•ืฉืขื• ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื•ื”ื ืžื›ื”ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ
595
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.18 ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืคื™ืจื˜ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช 2018 ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 1 'ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืก . ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช 6 'ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืœืื•ืจ ืชืงืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžืก , ื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ 35 ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื“ื•โ€œื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื. 1 'ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืžืก
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืขืจื›ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ (ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช 6 'ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืก , ื–ื” 35 'ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช), ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืก ืฉืื•ืžืฅ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื. ื’ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›โ€œื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื˜ืคืœ 89ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ , ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ. 6 'ืžืก
596
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช - ืžื™ื–ื ืขืจื™ื ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืชืงืคืช ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื’ื•ืจื ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื›ืœืœ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช.
ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื™ืฉื ื• ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื—ืœืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื,
597
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. ืืฃ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืฉื ื” ืžื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ืืคื•ื ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืชืื, 20 .2010 ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช
ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื”.
598
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ 2017 - 2012 ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืืชื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ืจื• ื’ื ื”ื ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืœื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืžืฆื‘ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื—ืกืจื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื•ืœืงื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ืžืชื—ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื™ืœื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ 2005 ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” (ื“ืื–) ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ืช, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื˜ืจื ืื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื. 2019
599
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช - ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช - ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืจื‘ ืฉืื“ื ืฉืื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ื“ ื›ื‘ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ื‘ื“ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœื• ื”ื•ื ื–ืงื•ืง, ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืฉืขืœืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™:
ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ- ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื - ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ืืช ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืฉืค"ื—, ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™. ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ืงื•ืฉื™ ืžืžืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืค"ื— ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืค"ื— ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืื‘ื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช, ืœืฆื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืฉืค"ื— ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื‘ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“ื ื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ื—ืœืง ื’ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ื’ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื–ื” ืฉื ืงื˜ ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ื™ืคื” - ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื•ืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืื—ื“ื• ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
600
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืง, ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืœื”ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื”.
ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ืœืžืขื˜ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืจืฉื ืชืจื•ืคืชื™ ืžืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื ืžื ืขื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืžื. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืกืคืง ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
601
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื—ื“ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื’ื ืชื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืจืฆืช ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื™ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืœืžื“ื•. ๏– ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ , 2011 ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ื™ืกื•ื“ื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื. ืฉื™ื˜ืช
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื - ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช - ืืฃ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœืœืžื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื•, ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืจื›ืฉื• ื™ื“ืข ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื - ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ, ืืš ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ืกืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืคืขืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ืฆ"ื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืขื 2011 ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™, ืืช ื”ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื—ื•ื–. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ.
602
ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื— ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืžื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืชื™ื•ืฉื ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืงืžื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜"ืœ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื˜"ืœ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืฆื‘ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ืŸ - ื”ืจื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ). ืœืคื™ ื‘ื˜"ืœ, ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜"ืœ ืจืง 5(9 ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ื™ืš ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช.
603
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ , ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ 10/1 ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืง"ื ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™, ืื’"ืช ืื™ื ื• ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื”"ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื”ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืืžืœ"ื— ืื• . 45ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื’"ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ "ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื" ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืืข"ืฆื™ื. ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ ื‘ืืžืœ"ื—, ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื•ื”ืืข"ืฆื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืœ"ื—, ืžืชื—ื–ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื ืื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ืชื. ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืจืžื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืื• ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื, ืจืขืœื™ื ื•ืจืขืฉื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืื’"ืช
604
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืžืฉื‘ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื”, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื•, ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ 2019 ืฉื”ืชืžืžืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื”ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื•. ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืชืœื•ืชื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื™ืขืงื‘ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื‘ืฆืขื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ืชื™. ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื• ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชื ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื—ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื.
ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช 2018 ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืฉื ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื 203 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืฉื ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื”ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช 12%-ื› 103 :ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื•ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื; ืื’ืคื™ื ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“; ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ (ืžืฉ"ื‘); ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช; ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื; ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื; ืื’ืฃ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”; ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ) ื ื•ืฆืœ ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืฉื›ืจ, 88%( ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืจื•ื‘ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืคืขื•ืœ, ืื‘ื˜ื—ื”, ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืื•"ื.
605
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื•ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืื—ืจืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืœื“ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืชืฆืžื— ืžืžื ื• ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืชืžืจืฅ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื. ื›ืš, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื“ื™ื™ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื™ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ืฉื”ืชืคื ืชื” ืœื–ื›ืื™ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื• ื“ื™ืจื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื• ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื, ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืจื›ืฉื•ืช.
606
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืžืขืžื“ื• ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ืžืืกื“ืจ ื•ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื 2013 ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืžืื– ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืฆื ืชื•ืจื™ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคืขืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ 2013 ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฆื ืชื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืืช ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” 2014-ื•
ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื™ืฉืœื™ืžื• ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”. ืจืฆื•ื™ ื’ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื›ืžื• ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื”ืœืš ื•ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื•ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื— ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื. ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืชื™ื–ื•ื ื•ืชืงื“ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืชืชื›ื ืก ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ื•ื‘ืžื ื•ืชืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ืจื“ื™ื•ืชืจืคื™ื”.
607
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืื•ืžื ื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื’ืจืชื™ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื“ื’ืžื• , ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืจืš 2019 - 2017 ื”ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืกืงืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื™ืขื“ื•ืฃ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™. ืžืฉืจื“
ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ื–ื™ืก, ืฉื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื’ื•ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืืš ืžื˜ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื•. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ื–ื™ืก ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื”ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื” ืžืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™, ืจืื•ื™ ื’ื ืฉืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื™ืคืขืœ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื•ื–ื™ืก, ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ืžืฅ ื•ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชื™ืขื“ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ ื”ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ืกื˜ืจื™ื”. ื›ื›ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช.
608
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื’ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขืžื“ืชื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื–ืงืง ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืจ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื—ื•ืจืฆื™ ื’ื•ืจืœื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื›ืืœื•. ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืœืžืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืฆืคืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื›ื•ื•ืŸ. ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืขืœ ืžืขืจืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืจื’ืœืช ื‘ื” ื•ืœืžื“ื” ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื . ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื 33 ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื 2010 ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื ืคืฉื™.
ืืฃ ืฉืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืฆืขื“ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื—, ื™ืฉ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืคืจืกืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืืชืจ . 2018 ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืžืื– ืคืจืกื•ืžื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื›ื™ื•ื, ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื•ื›ื–, ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื•ืžืœื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืžื” ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื”ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื. ืงื•ืฉื™ ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื“ื“ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืคืขื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื”. ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืคืจืกืžื ื‘ืืชืจื™ื”ืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ ื’ื ืฉื™ืฉืงืœื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœ-ืืจืฆื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ืชื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื .34ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื
609
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื—ืคื—"ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื. ืขืœ ื—ืž"ืช, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื—ืคื—"ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ืœื›ืš ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื, ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ืชืืจื™ื›ื™ ื™ืขื“.
ื“ื•ื— ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื•ืœืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ืคื—"ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช: ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘ - ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช "ืจื’ื™ืœื”"; ืžืŸ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ืจ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืขื™ืœื”, ืฉืœื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช, ื ื›ืกื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช.
610
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ื‘ืคืขื ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืื• ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืขื ื“ืจื’ื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ, ืœืฆื“ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ืœื”ืขืฆืžื” ื ืฉื™ืช 1 . ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื• ืขืœ 2017 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ืžืจืฅ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื, ืฉืื™ื ื 16 ืขื“14 ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 12 ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื•. ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ืœื”ืขืฆืžื” ื ืฉื™ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื” ื‘ื›ื ืก ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื. 16 ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœ
611
ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ืฉื™ืงืฃ ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช 2019 - 2015 ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื’"ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื”. ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืงืฉื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ื ืฉ"ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื’"ืช ืขื ื ืฉ"ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืฉ"ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจื•. ๏– ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื—ืœืงื™, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ. ืขืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืื’"ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืœื ืฉ"ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืชืื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ื•ืชืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืงืฆื• ืœื ื•ืฉื. ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืื’"ืช, ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื - ื•ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ืฉ"ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ื, ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•.
ื ืฉ"ื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื ืžืขืงื‘ ืกื“ื•ืจ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ.
612
ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื™ืœื™ืช . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืขื™ืœื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ . ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” 2012 ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืงืฆืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื—ื–ืงืชื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืื• 2018-2013 ืœื ืคืขืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืชื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื• ืืช 5 ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœื•ื— ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืงืจืงืข ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืฉ ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื ืคืขืœื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื—ื–ืงืชื”, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื™ื•"ืฉ. ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืื™ืŸ ืืกืžื›ืชื” ืœืืจื›ื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ืœ.
613
ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื . ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ื—ื ื•ื›ื” 2016 ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื•ืœื” ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
,ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื ื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช - ืฉื ื™ 50%- ืฉ"ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 500,000 -ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืœื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”.
614
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื—"ื™ ืฉื–ืงื™ืคืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืž-129,247 ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ื” 178 ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”, ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ ืฉื ื™ื 2010 -2006 ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ืžื™ื–ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื—"ื™ ื›ื™ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื•ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืžื™ื–ื ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื , ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืฉื•ื ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื โ€“ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื–ืงื™ืคืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื–ื. ื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ืขืœ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ืฆื‘ืช ื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืฆืžื, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื–ืงื™ืคืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—, ืกืจื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”180. ,ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื—"ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื˜ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ.
615
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืืจื‘ืข ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื , ืืœื ืžืกืชืžื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืจื ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง "ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– - ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš"). ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื›"ื ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– , ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2015, ืœื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื ืข ืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ื“ืขืชื• ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012.
616
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืž ื ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืชืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืœืžื“ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
617
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืจืื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืจื ื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืงืจื ื•ืช , ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืชื•ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”, ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืื• ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
618
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื-ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ืžืขืฆื ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื–ื”, ื’ื ืื ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœ ื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ . ืœืคื™ื›ืš , ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื•ื ืฉ"ื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื•ื™ืื›ืคื• ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ื - ืœืžืขืœื” ืž- 20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื- ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
619
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื™ืžื• ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›"ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืคืืช ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›"ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช. ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›"ื, ื•ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืจื•ื›ื–.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›"ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื• ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืž ืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื”, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื.
620
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืžืฉืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืคืจืกื ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืืžื ื ืžืฆื™ื’ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืœืคื™ ืขืฉื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื” - ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื—ืก ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืขืฉื™ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช (ื›- 70% ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘), ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื“ื•ื— ืžืฆื™ื’ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืœืงื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ื’ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืคืจืกื ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืช ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื–ื”.
621
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื“ื• -ืฉื ืชื™ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2014 -2013 ื•ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2015 ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ืฉืžื•ืขื‘ืจืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื•ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืขื™ืจ ื–ื• ื”ืคืขื ื”ืชืฉื™ืขื™ืช ืž- 1990 ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืงื•ืฃ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืื’"ื— ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืœื”ืจืฉืื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
622
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013 ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื•ื50 ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ืฆื•ืืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ืกื™ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจื• , ืืš ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื™ืฉ ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ื™ืฉ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื . ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื› ืœื›ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžื”ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืง ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืคื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง - ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืชืžื—ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื–ื™ืœื, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
623
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ื ืื›ืŸ ื—ืกื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื—ืกื ื–ื” ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื ืื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ื”. ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžืืกื“ืจ ืฉืœื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
624
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืžื ื™ืขืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืืชื™ืงื” ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืงื•ื“, ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืขื•ื ื” 2014 -2013 ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืชืœื•ืœื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืš ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื›ืคืœ ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›- 73% . ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื›ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืชืขื” ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื”. ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ, ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืืชื™ืงื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
625
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”', ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, "ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”" ื‘ืกืš 750,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืชืข"ื ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”' ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื‘ืชืข"ื19 , ื•ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™, ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช "ื“ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”" ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชืข"ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”' ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2013 , ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื”' ื”ื—ืœื” ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืชืข"ื, ื•ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื ืื™ ืฉื–ื™ื›ื” ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”' ื‘"ื“ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื”". ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชืข"ื ื•ืœืœื ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืชืงืฃ ืื™ืชื”, ื ืขืฉืชื” ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”' ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ืชื”, ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื”, ื•ื—ืฉืคื” ืืช ื”ืชืข"ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื ื•ืข. ืืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“.
626
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืจื•ืื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื ื”ืœื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžืชื•ืš ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื”ื ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื•ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื•.
627
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืžื–"ื—ื™ื. ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืžื–"ื—ื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ ื—ื•ื™, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ ืื•ื ื• ืขืœ ืฉืœื ืชื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื™ ืื•ื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืกืจืช ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื•ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ืžืคื’ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื, ืขืœ ื™ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืžื”ื‘ืืจื•ืช ื•ืžืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืžื™ื.
628
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื - ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืคืœื™ื ื”ื ืจื›ืฉืช ืื™ื ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืง ืžืขื ื” ืชื•ืฆืืชื™ ืœืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื™ืขืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืคืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืงื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžืื’ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืงืžื ื•ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื™ื ืžื•ืชืคืœื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืจื›ืฉืช.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื“ืขืชื” ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืื•ื’ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื‘ืช-ืงื™ื™ืžื”. ืœืœื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื•ืฉืžื•.
629
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืชืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืฆืื• ืื•ืชื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื—ืœื•ืงืชื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื’ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื’ืจื•ืชื.
630
ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืขื ืกืคืงื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžืจื’ืข ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืžื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ืช"ื ืžืืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืืจื›ืชื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื ื—ืชืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช - ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื, ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคื™ ืขืฉืจื”.
631
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื— ื–ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2004 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ืื– ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™, ื”ืชืงื™ื ื”, ื”ื‘ืงืจื”, ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืชืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2005 ,. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 200911 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกื™ืœืชื™ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื˜ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื› -13 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืจ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืกื“ืจื” ืžืœืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืชืงืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื–ื”. ืœ ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืืช ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.
632
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืช, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืช ืชื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื•ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื. ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉืง.
ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื‘ืžืกื™ืœื” ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœ ื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื™ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื›ืฉื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
633
ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฉื“ื•ืช ืชืขื•ืคื” ืคื ื™ื-ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ื•ืžื ื—ืชื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2014 -2012 ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจืช"ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื•ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืื• ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืฉื ืช 2012 ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืจืช"ื ืœืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื“ื” ื“ื‘ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืœื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื“ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืงื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื“ื” ื“ื‘, ืืš ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœื ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื”ื•ืงืžื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืฆื™ืืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื“ื‘ .
634
ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื‘ืข_ืž_ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื–ื•ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืคืฆื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื–ื” ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ืื™-ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืž"ืž ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืž"ืž ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2012 , ืขืช ื’ื“ืœื• ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ื. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ื ื›ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉื ืชื ื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ื–ื•ื, ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืคื ื•ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ื ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืชืืžืชื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
635
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขื ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” "ืœื™ื™ืฉื’"62 ืืช ื”ืžืขื ืง ืืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืขื“, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ื•ืข, ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ืืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืœืžืขื ืง ืžื•ื’ื“ืœ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื”, ืฉืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”, ื’ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžืขื ืง ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื›ืจื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืขืœื•ืช ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ื˜ื™ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื ืง. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื“ื’ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืืœื•, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืืฃ ืชืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื˜ื— ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช.
636
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช, ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง, ื•ื›ื™ ืื ื ืฉืœื— ืžืกืžืš ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื™ืจืื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืžืš ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ืขื“ื•, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื›ื— ืื—ืจืช53.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืชืื™ื , ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื”.
637
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืจ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010 , ื”ืขืœืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืœืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2010 ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2011 ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2014 , ืœื ืคืขืœื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืกื•ืœืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืกื•ืœืจ ื”ืžืชื•ื“ืœืง ืžืฆื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ืฉืชื•ื“ืœืงื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื–ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ. ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื•ื ื” ื“ืœืง ืื• ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื™ื•ืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ื”ื ืฆืจื›ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืชื“ืœืง, ื›ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื’, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื’ื ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืชื“ืœื•ืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืจ.
ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชื ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื• ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœืขื™ืงื•ืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื”ื, ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื ื’ื“ื ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื (ื’ื‘ื™ื”). ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืกื•ืœืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื”ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื, ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืœื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
638
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ื“ ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื’ื ืœืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืงืจื‘ื” ืืœื™ื• ืขืฆืžื• ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช.
ืžื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื‘- 75% ืžื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืจืง ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืœื”ื.
639
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช .ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืขื ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื•ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ .
ืื ืชื•ื’ืฉ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืกืข ื”ื ืกืžื›ืช ืขืœ ืชืงื ื” 3(19 ,) ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ื•ืื’ืฃ ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืžื›ืจื– ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ื”ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื” ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืชื—"ื - ืื ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืžืœืืช ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™.
640
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ .ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฉื’ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’: ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื ืชื‘"ื’), ื•ืžืกืจื” ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื” ืœืืจื‘ืขื” ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ื• ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2016 , ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ื•ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขืœ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช "ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช, ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ", ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืืจืฆื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’, ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื•ืื™ื ื” ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื•. ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื•ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื . ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืžื•ืฉื’ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืœืžื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉ ื’ื—ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื›ื” ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืš; ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื•ื ืื” ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื ืขืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ืžืกืžื›ื•ืชื•.
ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื™ื”ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœืชืช ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ื•ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช.
641
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืกืคืจื ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจืชื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืชืžืฆื” ืจืง ื‘ืกืงืจ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืจืš, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืฆืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ืงืœืื™ ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœืคื™ื ืชื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกืงืจ ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืื•ื“.
.ืžืŸ ื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2013-2010 ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงืจ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ืž-50% - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื“. ื‘ืฉื ืช2014 ื’ื“ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›-60% ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช2015 ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืขืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืงืฆืช. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืกืงืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
642
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ - ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื” ืฉ ื™ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืžืžืคืขืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืœื ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื ืžืฉื›ืช. ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืงื‘ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืื™ื•"ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžืคืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืžืคืงื“ ืคืงืž"ื– ื• ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ืฆื• ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœ ืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฆื• ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ื’ื ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืชืจืื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื•ืชื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืกื—ื•ืจืชื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชื—ืช ืืฆื˜ืœื” ืฉืœ ืกื—ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉืืœื™ื• ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืžื”ืœืš ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื•.
643
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืœื”ืขืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืฉืขื™ื™ืช ืกืคืงื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช , ื•ื‘ืจืืฉืŸ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืืชืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืจื” ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืฉืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืืช ื”ืืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืจืœืค"ื ื•ืžื ื”"ืจ ืžืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื˜ืจื ื”ื ื˜ื™ืฉื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ื”ืจืœืค"ื, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื ืกื• ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืžื’ืข ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ืขื ืžื•ืงืฉื™ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืขืจืš ืœื”ื ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ื 11 .
644
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื•ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ืžืฉื›ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื. ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื”ื•ืขืกืงื•ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘ "ื˜ 136 ,ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืชืง ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ื™ื” 10 ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:
ืžื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ 140 ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืฉืจื” ืฉืœ150 ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืžืขืœื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื:
645
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืคืงื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืช'ืžืื ื™ื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื” . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื™ื”.
ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2012 ืžื ืกื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื—ื•ืง ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืขื•ื“ ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื ื›ื‘ื“, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืช 'ืžืื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื ืคืจื“.
646
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืœืœื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื - ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2017 , ืœืื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื• ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•.
ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืก"ื— ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืžืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
647
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื’ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื—ื›ืจืช ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืž"ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื›ืจืชื”, ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื–ื•, ื’ื ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืฉื›ืจื” ืœืื•ืชื” ืžื˜ืจื” (ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืœืขืฆืžื”), ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืžืฆืื” ืœืจืž"ื™ ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืฉืจ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืขื“ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื“ืจื•ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืชืžื•ืจืช ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืกืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื ื—ืชื ื—ื•ื–ื” ื—ื›ื™ืจื”.
648
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืœื™ื” ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื, ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื .ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืžืขืช ื—ืงื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ -2006 ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืžืกืคืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื”ืคืœื™ื” ืขืฆืžื ืื• ื‘ ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช". ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืจืฉื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช" ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืชื•ื‘ืขื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื’ืฉืชืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืœื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื”.
.ืชืžื•ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื’ื ื”ื“ื•ื— ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ื’ื–ืขื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื: ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื”ืคืœื™ื”, ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช.
649
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจืฉื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื .ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื”, ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืฉื ืช 2013 . ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœ -2011 ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›-60%.
ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืจืฉื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›-17% ืœืขื•ืžืช2012 ื•ืฉืœ ื›-5% ืœืขื•ืžืช2011 , ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2014 (ื›-28% ืœืขื•ืžืช2011 ,)2015 (ื›-55% ืœืขื•ืžืช 2011) ื•-2016 (ื›-60% ืœืขื•ืžืช2011 .)
650
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื›ื™ ืกืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืฃ ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช; ืœื”ืคืš - ื”ื ื—ื” ื–ื• ืื™ ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ืžืกืžืš ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื›ื ืชื• ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ืขืฆืžื•. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื–ื• - ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืœื” ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช, ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจืŸ ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืกืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ื—ืกืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš) - ื›ืœ ืืœื• ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœื”. ืืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืงืก ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืงื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื , ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื ื‘ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
ืžืชืจืฉื™ื 1 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ื•ื 10% ,ืžื”ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ -ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ - 3,120 ;ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื”ื•ื 17% - ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘- 17,120 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื•ื”ื“ืจื•ื, ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื›- 7,000 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืชืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ (ืœืคื™ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ 10% ); ืื•ืœื ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื™ืกืชื›ื ื‘- 4,700 ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช (ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ%1021 ). ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ืืฃ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจ ืžื•ื ื” ื›- 870,000 ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸืœื”ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ืฆืข ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื™ืฆืข ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืืฃ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ , ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ืงืคื” ื›-20% ืžื›ืœืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
651
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื”ืงืžืช ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื—ืกืžื™ื ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงืžืช "ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช" ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืชืขืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื•.
ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื• ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืกื›ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกืžื›ืช ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”, ืœ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ืกืงืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ืŸ ืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช ื•ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืŸ ืื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
652
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.15.2015 - ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืข_ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ .ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื› -51% ืžื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ืช 5201 ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื24 , ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช - ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืงื•ื™ ื•ื—ืกืจ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช.
ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื (ืฉื”ื 24% ืžืกืš ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ) ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื›-128 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื ืกื›ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
653
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” - ืืชืจ ืื—ื•ื“, ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ืืฆื” - ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ืช ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœื•, ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื ื™ื”ืœื” ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื37 .ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืฉื›ืชื‘ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” - ืžื˜ืจื•ืช, ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื - ืฉื™ืฉืงืคื• ืืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ืžื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2015 ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืžืช ืืชืจ ืื—ื•ื“, ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืขื ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื”ืงืžืช ืจืฉืช ืคื ื™ื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช , ืฉื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื - ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2016, ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ืข ืžืžื ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื•, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืกื“ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื• ืืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2016 ื ื›ืœืœื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงืžืช ืืชืจ ืื—ื•ื“: ื”ืฉืงืช ื”ืืชืจ, ื”ืกื‘ืช 30 ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ 11 ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืืœื”, ืืฃ ืฉื›ืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืชืชื™- ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืœื ืžืฉืงืคื•ืช ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืชื•. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืชืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ืœื•ื—ื• ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื, ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช "ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง" ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
654
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ - ืื–ืจื—ื™ . ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ - ื“ื•ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2014 .ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ
.ื‘-2010 ืงื‘ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืžืฆืื™ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื›ืกืฃ ื ืฆื‘ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื•. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื“ืงื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื•ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช, ืืš ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™. ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืž-2014 , ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืจื•ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ืจืง ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2016 ืกื™ื™ืืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื•ืืœื” ืืฃ ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื• ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2016 ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืžืชื ื“ื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืงื‘ืขื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื•ื˜ืจื ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืฆืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืขืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื”, ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื ืขืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘-2014 ., ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™-ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืขืกืง ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฆื ืช ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ. ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™- ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื.
655
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉืจืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื ื”ืœ ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ .
.ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉืจืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื•ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื. ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ื’ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช. ืขืœ ื’ื ื– ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื ืฉ"ื, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจ ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” , ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื•ื"ืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืง ื•ืช ื’ืœืื™ ืฉืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ืฉืจ ืช ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉ ื”ืฉืจื” ื ืงื˜ื” ืขืžื“ื” ื ื—ืจืฆืช ื“ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช - ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ื“ื• ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื , ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ ืืžื•ืŸ.
656
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” - ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” - ืžื˜ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช . ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืชื•ื•ื“ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื, ืคืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื• ื”ืฉืจ ื™ื•ื‘ืœ ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื ื™ืฅ, ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืžื˜"ืฉ ื‘ืขื–ื”. ื•ืื•ืœื, ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื“ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืงืŸ ืœื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืœื–ืจื– ืืช ื”ืคืขืœืชื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืื• ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ืœืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืงืจ ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ืชื”ื•ื ื•ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•"ืฉ, ื•ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืž ื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืขืงืจ, ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™, ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ื’ืจืžื ื™ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื™ื–ืžึผื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื. ืขื“ ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื•ืื’ื‘ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžืจื˜"ื’. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื“ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืชืค"ืฉ ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืขืœื• ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœื›ืฉืชืชื›ื ืก ืื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื115 .
657
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืืœื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื•ืœืœื ืจืื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื”ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื• ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืชืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืงืฆื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”.
.ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืœื‘ื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืจืฃ, ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•"ืก ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื”; ืžืฆื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืจื• ืžืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš; ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื”"ืœ; ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืชืขื•ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืœืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช; ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคืขืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขืจ ื–ื”; ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืจืฆื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ื‘ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ืœืœื ืžืกื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืœืœื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืืชืจ ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ืงื‘ืขื•.
658
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืžืขื’ืœื™ื - ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื—ืงื™ื - ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืžื ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืื•ืชื ืจืง ื‘ืืงืจืื™ , ืœืœื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืงื•ื™ื™ื.
.ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื , ื”ืงืจืŸ ื–ื›ืื™ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆ ืื•ืชื™ื” ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื, ื•ืืœื” ื ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ืื•ืฉืจ ืœืงืจืŸ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืขื“ ื› -5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื . ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื ื’ื–ืจ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืฉืชื›ื ื ื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื” - ื›-70 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืžืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื› -31 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืš ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ืชื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืขืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืฉื ื”. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืœื ืœืงืจืŸ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื™ืœื ืœืงืจืŸ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2015 ื›-4.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืžืกื™ื›ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2016 ,ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื ืžืกืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื” ืื•ืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื‘-50%; ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื. ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื˜ืขื ื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ื. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื”.
659
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฆื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื–ืงื™ืคืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ืืœื ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืœื™ืœื” ื•ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™ ืืงืจืื™ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืื™ื ื• ื—ื•ื ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืข. ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื–ืงื™ืคืช ืžืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืžื•ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืœืœื ืกืžื›ื•ืช.
ื”ืกืžืคื›"ืœ ื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืœืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืชื—ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื•ืื•ืœื ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืงืฆื• ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืชืงืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ ื›ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฆืžื•ื“ื™ื ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืฆืžื™ื“ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื"ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ืœื”ืฆืžื“ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
660
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ื  ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื, ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ืืœืฅ ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืชืžืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืื—ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืช ืœื• ืžืขื ื” ืžื‘ื•ืกืก. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžืคืงื— ื™ืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ, ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืืช ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื ืœืกืคืง ืœืžืคืงื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืขืœื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช.
ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืžืก ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืื—ื™ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ื”, ื–ืืช ืœืฆื“ ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ , ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง, ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
661
ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ืฆื“ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ (ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘) ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜"ืœ ืœื ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื. ื‘ื›ืš ื ืกืชื ื”ื’ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜"ืœ ื™ืžืฆื” ืืช ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืงื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื43 .ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™
3. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜"ืœ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘, ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืคืฆืขื• ื•ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 2013 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉื ื ืขื•ื“ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืฉื‘ื˜"ืœ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืื™ืชืจ ืื•ืชื, ื•ื”ื ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื›"ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ" ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืกื“. ืขื•ื“ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื˜"ืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื–ื ืฆื•ื™ื’ ืกื™ื›ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื™ื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™, ืชืžื•ืจืช ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”. ืขื•"ื“ ืจื•ื–ื ืฆื•ื™ื’ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื“ ืœื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ ืื•ืชื ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชื™ ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื ื™ืฃ ื™ืคื• ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืงืจืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื.
662
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ืงื‘ืขื” ืจืืฉืช ืื›"ื ื“ืื–, ื›ื™ ืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช "ืžืขืจื™ืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™", ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืจืž"ื— ื‘ืจื”"ืŸ ื“ืื– - ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืฆื”"ืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ืืช. ื›ืš ื ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื• ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื›ื•ื— ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืืคื™ืง ื”ื‘ืจื”"ืŸ, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœื›ืš.
.ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ืื›"ื ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืขื“ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืชื•ืš ื›ืœืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
663
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœืงืจืืช ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืืœื”, ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื‘ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื•, ื‘ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื™-ืžืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื˜"ืœ ื•ืื’" ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื›"ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื”, ืขืœ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื ื•. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชืจ ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“, ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš. ืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืืœื”, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืกื•ืคืงื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื”, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืขื ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืงื‘ืข ืฆื”"ืœ, ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืกื˜ื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื (ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื”), ืื•ืœื ืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงืจืค"ืจ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืœื• ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื”, ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™ื™ื, ืื’"ืช ื•ืื˜"ืœ, ืœื ื“ืจืฉื• ื–ืืช ืžืžื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืขื•ืœื” ืกืคืง ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ืื›ืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกื˜ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืกื˜ื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”.
664
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ - ืฆื‘ื ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช "ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช " ื›ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืฆืžื”. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืŸ, ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื›ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ. ืื™ ืœื›ืš, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœ ื”ืคื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืžื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ื”"ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืจืขื• ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช "ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช ", ืืœื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืจืง ืืช ื—ื”"ื; ื•ืื™ืœื• ืจืง ืขืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื—ื”"ื ืœืžื‘ืง"ื ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ื•ื–ืืช ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื–ื ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช "ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช". ื›ืš, ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช "ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช " ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื—ื”"ื.
665
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•_ืœ . ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืช"ืฉ ื™ืฉ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ "ืกื•ืœื ื“ืจื’ื•ืช" ื”ืชืงืคื” ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 . ื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืขืž"ื™ ื•ืžืชื— ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื’ืจืก ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืž"ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช. ื‘. ื”ืฉื•ืช"ืฉ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืชืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืž"ื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•"ืœ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืž"ื™ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜, ื•ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉ"ืชื•ืกืคืช ื—ื•"ืœ" ืชื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืžืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืž"ื™.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ ื‘ื™, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืขืž"ื™, ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื—ืฉื•ืคื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช.
666
ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™- ืžื›ืœืœื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžื›ืœืœืช ืขื–ืจื™ืืœื™ - ืžื›ืœืœื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื” ื•ืœื”ื ื”ื’ืชื”. ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื›ืš ื”ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ืจื™ื’ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”, ื•ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืžื ื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœื ืคืขืœ ื›ืš, ืืœื ื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื•ื›ืกืœืจ ื•ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืจ ื•ื›ืกืœืจ ื•ืœืžืจ ืœื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืขื ืชื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ื‘ -13.6.10 ,; ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ืืฆืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆื. ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืชื•ืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžืจ ื•ื›ืกืœืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™.
667
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื” ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื›ืจื ืžืžื•ืžืŸ ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. ื‘. ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื•ื— ืžืกื›ื ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจ ื•ื™ืงื˜. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืกื›ืžื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื“ืจืฉื” ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ. ื”ืขื“ืจ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ื’. ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืฉืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืฉืชืงืฆื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืš ืœื ืคื™ืงื—ื• ื•ืœื ืขืงื‘ื• ืื—ืจ ืชืคื•ืงื•ืชื™ื”ื.
ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 741 ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืขืกืงื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ". ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื–ื•. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคืชื— ืคืชื— ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ื—ืœืฉื™ื, ื’ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
668
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืขื ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ืช . ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžื’"ื‘ ืกื•ื’ืจื™ื ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœื”ื’ืฉืชื, ืœืœื ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื˜ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช. ื–ืืช - ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื‘ืจื™ื™ืŸ , ื•ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื. ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžื’"ื‘ "ืžืกื‘ื™ืจื”" ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืจื•ื—ืฉ ืœื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื—ืงืœืื™ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื›ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช.
. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžืื›ืœ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืื• ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” - ืฉื”ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ืงืจื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื™ื‘ืช ืขื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื™ ืจื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ืกืœืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื’ื•ื“ืขืช ืืช ื”ืขื ืฃ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื ืฉืขืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™.
669
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขื ืคืฉื™ืขืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช - ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ 6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, 1.6 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืื–ืจื—ื™1.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื ืช 2015 ื•ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื›- 190,000 ืฉ"ื— ื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื ืกื™ืขื”. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืœืจื›ืฉ ื ื˜ื• ืœืฉื ืช2016 ื ื•ืชืจ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 2.7 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ( 2.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ) ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืคืฉื™ืขืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื”ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืงืช ืจืื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžื•ืช. ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื”ื•ืงืฆื• 1.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืœืฉืืจ ื”ืžืขืจืš - ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœืงื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช - ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื›-1.1 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืžืชื•ืš ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 2.7 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— 80% ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื•-20% ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ืื—"ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืคืฉื™ืขืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ื—ื›ืžืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ืฉืžืชืคืชื— ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื”.
ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืขืจืš, ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื•ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื–ื• ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช, ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื, ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
670
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2016 - ื˜ืจื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™, ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื ื• ืชืงืฃ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืงื™ื•ื ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื.
ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ืืฉ. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื”ื™ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืœื•ื—ืžื™ ื”ืืฉ ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื“ืข, ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื•. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืืœื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืœื•ื—ื ืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ื’ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืชื• ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื’ืข ื ืชื•ืŸ. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื—ื ื”ืืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืชืงื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•.
671
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื– ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉืง ื”ื’ื– - ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžื ื™ื—ื” ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฉืง ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ - ื™ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื™-ื•ื“ืื™ืช ืœืžืืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืชืžืจ. ื‘ื” ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื–ืืช ื›ืœืœื• ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืชืžืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื•ืœื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื , ืืš ืžืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื™ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉื—ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจื•, ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืื™-ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•ืช ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืื’ืจ ืชืžืจ ืขื“ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืืจื•ืš ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืขื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื’ืจ ืชืžืจ , ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื’ื– ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื, ืขืœ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื•ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืื’ืจื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืช ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช, ืชืคืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืชืฉืงืœืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืชื™ื™ืฆืจ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื“ืื™ืช ืœืžืืกื“ืจื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉืชืคืจ ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื” ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื, ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืจืื™ื™ื” ื—ืœืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื•, ื•ืชื’ื‘ืจ ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื”ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื• ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืง, ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกื›ื ื—ื—"ื™ ืขื ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืชืžืจ, ืœื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ื“ ืฉืจืื™ื™ืชื• ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืฉืœื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ ื™ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืจืื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ืช. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื™; ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
ืชื—ื–ื™ืช OECD . ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 .)(ืชื•ืฆืจ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช OECD . ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 .)(ืชื•ืฆืจ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช OECD . ืžืื™ 2011 ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช .ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขืจื‘ .ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” .ืขืœ .ื”ื”ืกื›ื
672
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืืกื“ืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืชืžื™ื“ ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืงื—ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืœืจื•ืงื—ื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื• ืš. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื’ื ืœื ืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžื™ืงื•ืžื ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
ืืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช - ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื”ืžืœืฆืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ "ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ" 99 ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืชื‘ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” : "ืืžื ื ืชื›ืœื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื–ื•ืŸ, ื™ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ืงื•, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืื—ื“ - ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืžื–ื•ืŸ... ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื".
673
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืคืขืœืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืขืžื“ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขื–ืจ, ืกื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ืื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื ืฉ"ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ - ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื - ืืช ืชืงื™ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื ื• ื”ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืื•ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืžืฉืจืชืช.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื•, ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœื™ื” ืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉื™ื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืืคื™ื•ื ื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ืœื•ืื” ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฆืคื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—123 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื ืื•ืช ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืืฉืจ ืชื“ืจื’ ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช124 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืฆืชื• ื–ื• ื•ืžืขื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ 11 ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื“ืจื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื—. ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืฉื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืงืžื” ื•ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช - ืื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืื ื›ืžื˜ืœื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืข ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
674
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ืื ื”ื™ื ืžืชื™ืจื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•, ื•ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืชื ืื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ื•ื ืฉ"ื.
ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื•, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื”, ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช, ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืืฃ ื”ื, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื•.
675
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืœื•ื—1 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ืจืง ืœืืกืคืงืช ื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื™ืชืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœืื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื›ืจื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืž ื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ืคืจื”-ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื, ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ืชื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื ื”ืœ ืื—ื“ (case manager) . ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ื ืชื™ื ืชื ืœื ืชื—ืช ืงื•ืจืช ื’ื’ ืื—ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชื—ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื‘ื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื›ืžื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ.
ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืžื ื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžื”ื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ืื•ืœื ืžื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืžืชืจืฉื™ื 5 ,ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืงืœื™ื ืื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžืจืคืื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืชืจืคื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื›ืœ 1,000 ื ืคืฉ ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืžืกืคืจ ื ืœื›ืœ 1,000 ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืืœื• ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืจืฉื™ืžื™ื 3-1 ,ืœืขื™ืœื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” - ืขื“ ืฉืœ ื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืžื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
676
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื“ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืื "ื ืชื™ื‘" ืชืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื•ื’ื™, ืื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ. ืื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืœ "ื ืชื™ื‘", ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืœืคืจืกืžื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืื "ื ืชื™ื‘" ืœื ืชื•ืกืžืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืืœืชืจ ืืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
.1. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืจืฉื ื•ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืคื™ืฅ ืœืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ ื•ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2015 ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื ืžืืจื™ืชืจื™ืื” ืื• ืกื•ื“ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืขืžื“ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื, ืืš ืœื ื›ื•ืœื, ืขื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช "ืžืกืชื ื ื™ ื"42 , ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื ื›ื ืกื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืขื ืžืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื—ื•ืง ื•ื ืชืคืกื• 43 ื•ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2016 ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
677
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉื”ืงืฆืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2014 ื•-2016 , ืฉื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืคื™ ื›ืžื” ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ ืฉืืจ ืื’ืคื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื’ื ื™ื—ื“. ื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืจืืฉ ื’ ื™ืช"ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื•ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื. ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช, ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื” ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™, ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ืืจื’ื•ื ื™, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื“ืžื™ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืขื™ ื ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืฅ - ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืœื™ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ืขื›ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”, ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ื’ื‘' ืืจื ื” ืฉืžื—ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืคืจ ืฉืžืฆื•ืคื” ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื ื” ื›ืจืืฉ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ื•ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื›ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืฉืืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื“ืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘, ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืืž"ืฉ ื“ืื– ืžืจ ืจื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืจื ื•, ืฉื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื›ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืจืืฉ ื’ื™ืช"ื, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘. ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื”.
678
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื” ืœืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื’ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืกื™ืจื‘ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฆื“ื•, ื ื‘ืฆืจ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื. ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืฆื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืกืงืจ.
ืขืฆืžืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืข"ืจ ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ืŸ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ. ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ ื ื•ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืข"ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืข"ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืื™-ืชืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืข"ืจ ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืชืŸ ื•ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืžืจืื™ืช ืขื™ืŸ ืื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื ืื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
679
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืขื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืžืชืงืฆื‘ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ืืฃ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืžื ื• ืื ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ืžืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ื ื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืชืžืงื“, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืื• ืœืฉืคืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืจืจ ืื ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืฉื’ื•.
ืืžื ื ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ืงื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืœืขื™ื“ ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื›ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื–ื ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื•, ืื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ, ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™. ืœืœื ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื’ ื–ื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช, ืื ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื›ืืœื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืจื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช, ื™ื”ื™ื” ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื“ื•ืื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ.
680
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืจื–ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ืชืงืฆื•ื‘, ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช .ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ "ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื—ืจื•ืช" ื ืžืฆืื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžื—ืฆื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2016-2015 ื•ืœืฉื ื™ื 2018-2017 .
ืœื ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืกืขื™ืฃ "ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช" ืื™ื ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื, ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกืขื™ืฃ ืชื—ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื - "ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช" (ื›-3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘-2017 ), ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื- "ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช" (ื› -1.7 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—) ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ืฉื "ืจื–ืจื‘ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช" (ื› -0.5 "ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ ื—). ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœืœ ื’ื ืชืงื ื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืžื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ื•ื, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื™ืจ ืœืื“ื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื•ืœืคืจื˜ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืืœื•.
681
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืชื•ื ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื• ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืื™ืœืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž .ื“ืจืš ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืชื•ื ื”ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ, ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ื”ืกื“ืจ ืช ืžืขืžื“ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื” ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืฉืง ื•ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ื–ื• ื ืคื’ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืข ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
682
ื ืช_ืข - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื ืช"ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ืื•ืชืจื• ื›ืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื ืช"ืข ืœืืจื’ืŸ ื•ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื›ืฉ, ืืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื ืช"ืข ืฉื™ื•ื–ื ืื•ืชื•. ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืช"ืข, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉ, ืฉืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉ ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆืžืฆื ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื ืช"ืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื›ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
683
ื ืช_ืข - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกืขืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื ืช"ืข, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืืš ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2016, ื—ืœืคื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ืจื•ื‘. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื• ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื™ื ื•, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื– , ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืืจื’ื ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•.
684
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื ืžืฆื”_ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืกื’ืœื™ ื”ืช"ืฉ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ื•ื‘ ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื›ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืœื ืขืœื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืกืคืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืช"ืฉ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
ืขืœ ืจืข"ื ื™ืช ืช"ืฉ, ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืชื• ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2017 ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžื•ืคืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกื’ืœื™ ื”ืช"ืฉ.
686
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” (ืฉ_ื™) ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื ืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื–ื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืจื•ื ืžื—"ื˜ื™ื. ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื• ื•ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื™ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื• ื‘ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืช"ืŸ ืž"ื™ ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ื ืช ื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื™ื–ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
687
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืชื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: ืขืœื™ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืฉื˜ ื•ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืžืœื, ืœืžื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืงืฆืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืื•ืœื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื”, ื’ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ. 1. ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื : ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื; ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืืจื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 20 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื ื›ืœืœื™ื13 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ื— ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืžืœื, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžืœื, ื•ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืจื•ืคื ืœืžืœื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื˜ืคืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ - ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื80 . ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื›ื” ื ืคืฉ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืื™ 2011 ื›ื™ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื ื–ืงืง ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกื“ื™, ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืกื“ ืืฉืคื•ื–, ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื›ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืกื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 - ื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”, ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืœื ืกื™ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ืœื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืื• ื‘ื ืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื.
. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื”.
688
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืœื•- ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช: ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืกืคืง ืจื‘ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืžืฆื‘ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ืงื•ืฆืฆื” ืืœื ืืฃ ื’ื“ืœื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื ื™ื— ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืขื“. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื˜ืจื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืœ ืœ-100 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื•ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื‘ื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื•ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืœืืช ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื—ื“ ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžืื™ื“ืš. ืžืชืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืงื•ืจ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2006 ืื™ื ื• ืืœื "ื“ืœืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช" ืœืžืชืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื“ืžืช ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื.
689
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ,ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืืกื“ืจื” ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืขืจืš ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘.
690
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื™ื—ืชื ืขื ืชืฉืขื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 11 ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืž ื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืขืœ 40% ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ (ืชื”"ืฉ ื•ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘), ืฉื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ15 , ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืš, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—, ืฉื’ื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืชื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 , ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืจื›ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžื•"ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ืชื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื (ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ืชื”"ืฉ) ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื’ื ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ "ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืฆื“ื“ ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช" ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. "ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืชืงื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื", ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื ืžืฉืš. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ืชื”"ืฉ ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื”ืกื›ื, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื™, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ืกื›ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ "ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืกื›ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2010 ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ", ื•ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืคืขืจื™ื, ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช.
ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” - ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ืœื ื ื—ืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื. ื›ืขืช ืืคื•ื, ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•, ืฉื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืขื ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
691