tree
stringlengths
23
107k
โŒ€
conc
stringlengths
71
2.77k
โŒ€
doc_id
int64
0
1.11k
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช -ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ืช, ืžืชืคืชื— ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื›ืคืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ื‘ืื™-ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื™ืงืจ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขื–ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™, ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืžืืกื“ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžื ืฆืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื›ืคืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช. ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืจืง ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” (ืžื™ื, ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืชื‘ืจื•ืื”) ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
792
ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืœื ื•ืข ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืฉืœื” ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืžืช"ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชืื ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื; ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืขืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืœืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ืชื™ื ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™, ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขืจื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ืขืจื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ืฉืœื• ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืชื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื”ื.
ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืกื™ื˜ืจื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช: ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ืขื•ื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืกื›ื ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื”, ืื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื ืชื›ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื•ืžืฆื™ืืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืžืฆืื• ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ืœืœื ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“.
793
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื“ื ื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื ืฉืืจื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ื”ืžืชืขื“ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ "ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืคืชืข", ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืงืž"ื˜ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ื‘ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.
794
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืชื•ืงื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืื ื ื“ื•ื ื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืœื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื• ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื•. ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืกื™ื™ื’ ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื– - ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ืžืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžืกื—ืจ ืžืœืื™ื ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื’ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. , ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ (ืœื”ืœืŸ 2019 ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื - ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜) ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืœ"ืœ, 5ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
795
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ื• ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ืจืขื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืžืขืœ ื ื—ืœ ืื•ื’ ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจื™ื, ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื• ืœื ืคืขื, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ืื” ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื•. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื ื•ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื’ืฉืจ, ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ืกื›ืžื• ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ื’ืฉืจ ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš - ืืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื - ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื’ืฉืจ ื–ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจืš. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื™ื•ืฉืžืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื“ื—ื•ืฃ. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื—ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ.
796
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืชื— ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื ืช"ื ืžืžืื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื–"ื™ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ื•ืช-ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืชื— ื”ื‘ื•ื“ื“, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ืžื”ื• ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืชื•ืชื—ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ื“ืž"ืฅ ื•ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ืœื•ื—ืžืช ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ื”ืืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช (ืฉื”ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–"ื™), ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื–"ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื–ืืช ืืฃ ืฉืœืžืขืจืš ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื• ืžืขืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืฉืžื•ืฉืงืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื”.
797
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื•ื’ - ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื• ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืกืคืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ื’ืฉืชื ืœืฆื ื–ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื ื—ืฉืคื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืžืกื•ื•ื’ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”ืคืงื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ื– ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืชื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฆืขืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื - ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื.
798
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ื ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืจืงื˜ื•ืช (ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืคื™ื–ื™, ื”ืชืจืขื” ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”) - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื™ืคืจ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™, ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืคืขืจื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืจื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื”, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ืจื—"ืœ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช "ืžืœื•ืŸ ืื•ืจื—ื™ื".
799
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื, ืจืงื˜ื•ืช ื•ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื ืขืจืš ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื• ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ืžื™ื’ื•ื ื ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ , 2008 ืื™ื ื• ืžืœื. ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืกืงื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื , ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื. 2014- ื•2013 .ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ืชืกืงื™ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื•
ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
800
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื 2019 - 2028 ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื™ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืจื›ืฉ, ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื›ื–ื”, ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ืœืคื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื™ืฆื™ื’ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืœื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช. ืœื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ื—ืก ืœืฉื ื” 38%-ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื”ืžืจื•ืช ืœืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื› . ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ 2018 - 2013 ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœืœ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื’ื ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืกื›ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื–ืขื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื”.
ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ , ื”ื’ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืฆืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. 2017 ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืžืจืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื•ื•ื“ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช. ืื™-ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืžืžืจืฅ ืืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืื– ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ 2018 ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืื– ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืื™ืจืขื• ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื; ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืคื™ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžื ื•; ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ 2017 ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจืฅ ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ืช ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช "ื›ื—ื•ืœ ืœื‘ืŸ" ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื”. 2023 - 2020 ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจ"ืฉ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืจ"ืฉ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชืจ"ืฉ ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื›ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœื ืกื™ื›ื ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืžื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืงืœื™ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื–ื›ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืฉืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืื ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืชื™ืขื“ื•ืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช.
801
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ 2015 ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื - ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืืคืจื™ืœ ืขืžื“ื” ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ 2015 ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ืฉืœื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืš, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ืชื•ืงืคืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ.
ืœื 2016 ืœื‘ื™ืŸ2011 ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ .2012 ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื“ืจืฉ ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืจืฅ
802
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžืขื•ื ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืขืœื•ืช ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื•ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชื•ืื ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ืชื•ืš ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื•, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื• ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืœืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•.
ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื’ืจื ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืงืจ, ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ื ื• ื•ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™. ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ื›ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืœืžื•ื’, ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขื™ืชื™, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื•ื™ื–ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื–ืืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ื›ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ื™ืชืžืžืฉื• ืขื ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ื•ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ื™ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ: ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืขื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื ื›"ืžืชืงืŸ ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™" ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ "ืฉืœื•ื—ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ", ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ื–ื•ืžื” ื•ืขื™ืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื• ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข. ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื–ื•, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘"ื›. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ื”ื•ื’ืฉื•.
803
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืง ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ืื•ื–ืœืช ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืจื•ืคืคืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ื’ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื”ื•ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื ืก, ืฉืœืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืขืœ ื˜ื‘ืง ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื• ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืจื™ื—ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื, ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืก , ืจืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ืจื˜ืขื” ื•ืจื™ื—ืŸ, 2017 ืงื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžืข"ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืง ื‘ืฉื ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืืช ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืก ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”.790-ื ืืžื“ ื‘
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืชื™ ื•ืื™ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ื™ื.
804
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” . ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืชืคืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืชื ื ื•ืช.
, ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ 2016 ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžืื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืชืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื”ื• "ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืกื‘ื™ืจ" ื•ื›ืŸ ืชืงื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืชืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื•ื—.
805
ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื‘ืœ ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ืืฉืจ ืœื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืจื‘ ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ื•ืืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืชื. ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื ืจื—ื‘ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื™ืชื ื”ืœื• ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘.
ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ืชื‘ืœ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ืชืŸ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื— ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืœื-ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื (ื’ืœ"ืฉ) ืฉื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื‘ืชื‘ืœ, ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื ื‘ืชื‘ืœ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื›ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื‘ืœ ืžื˜ืคืœืช ืจืง ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืงืžืชื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื”. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื•ืžืก ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช ื•ืฉืœ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืคื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
806
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”_ืœ . ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืื•ืœืฅ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2009 ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืž"ื™, ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—"ื "ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืคืœืช ื›ื•ื— ื•ื’ื ืื ืชืจื•ืžืชื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข, ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืœื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื”". ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืžืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—"ื, ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2007 ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื•ื ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื“ืื– ืžืžืื™ ื•ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2007 ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื“ืื– ื•ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืื–, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ.
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืฉืขืจื›ื” ืž"ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ื”ืฉื—"ื, ืœื ื›ืœืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื—"ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืงื‘ืข ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”.
807
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœืงื”ืœื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื•ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืจืš ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ืžืืžืฆื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืืคื•ื, ืฉืžื˜ื” ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื–ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืขืจืš ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืชื—ืงืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ืกืžื•ืš ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข " ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”". ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืžื ื•ืช: ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื” ื•ืื™ื•"ืฉ; ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื•ืฆืžืช ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืงื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืขื–ื”; ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ื–ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ; ื•ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช , ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจื•ืชื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ืช ืžืžื‘ืฆืข " ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”", ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช , ื‘ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืงืฆืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืืžื ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ืืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจืชื™ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ืขื•ื–ื” ื•ืืฃ ื”ืชืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข, ื•ืœืงื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืขื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื‘ืฆืข "ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”" ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื˜ื” ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—"ื› ืื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื›ื˜ืจ.
808
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžืขืจืš ืžืฉืจืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื (ืชืงื ื™ ืงื‘ืข ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื‘ื” ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ืชืง"ื™ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื’ืžืœื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœื” ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื› -8 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื” (ื›- 16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006 ื•- 2007 ), ืžืฉื”ื‘ "ื˜ ื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื— ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
. ืœื’ืžืœืื™ ืฆื”"ืœ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2004 ืขื“ 2007 ืืช"ืง ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉื’ื‘ื” ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื’ืžืœื” ืฉืœ ืชืง"ื™ ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื’ื‘ื”, ื›ื•ืœื ืื• ืจื•ื‘ื, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ืžืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื• ืœื’ืžืœืื™ื. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ืืช"ืง ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006 ื•- 2007 ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ื›-16 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ืœืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื: ื‘- 2006 - ื›- 7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—; ื•ื‘- 2007 - ื›-9 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—
809
ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื . ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ .ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ (ื”ืงืจืŸ) ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืชืช ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ืœ ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจ ื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืฉื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจ ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื• ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ืงื”ื™ืœืชื™ื™ื , ื•ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ื•ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืœืคื• 15 ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืฉื ื—ืงืง ื—ื•ืง ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืงืจืŸ ืชืคืขืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื” ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื ื•ืกืฃ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืจื‘ื” ื•ื›ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืง. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืงืจืŸ, ืœืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ื•ื’ื ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืงืจืŸ ืฉืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืชื›ื ื‘ื› -1.5 ,ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืชืงื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืจืŸ, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจืŸ, ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืืœื™ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืขื‘ ืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืช ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ (ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื”) ืœืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืคืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื•ืฉื.
810
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื .ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืžืžืœื ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ื• -ื–ืžื ื™ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ "ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื" - ืœืงื•ื—, ื‘ืขืœื™ื, ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืจื™ื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืงื“ื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘"ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื" ืืœื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืœืœื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืœื ืื—ืช ื˜ืฉื˜ื•ืฉ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื, ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžึผื•ื‘ึฐื ึดื™ื ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื ืื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื”ืชืคืชื—ื” ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ืกื™ืกื”, ื‘ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ืขืœ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœื”. ืื•ืœื, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื”, ื•ืชื—ืช ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช, ื ื’ืจืžืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืœืชื” ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•. ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื”ืฉืชื™ืช ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื–ื” ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ -ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ, ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืกื“ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื, ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืช ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื. ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืงื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืฉืง ื™ืคื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื ื–ื” ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ื•ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืœื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช
.ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื•ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™. ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื“ื•ื—, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื“ื•ืงื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื™ืขื•ื’ื ื•, ื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืชืจืžื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืœืื•ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื• ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ, ื•ืชื™ืงื•ื ื• ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
811
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ืœื”ื ื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื• - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืฆื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื”, ื ืคื’ืขืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืฉืžืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืžื—ืฉื” ื•ืœื”ื ื—ืœื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื•ืฉืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืงื‘ืœ, ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืชื™ื“ื• ื•ืœืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืกืฃ" (ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ) - ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ - ื•ื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื™ื - ื”ืฆื’ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจืฉืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืชื™ื”.
.2. .ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืžื™ ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ "ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืื•ืกืฃ" (ืœืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ) ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ืฉืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื–ื” - ืฉืžื˜ื™ื‘ื• ื•ืžื˜ื‘ืขื• ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืœื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืืช ืชื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืชืงื•ืคื•ืชื™ื” - ื™ืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืืช ืžื•ืจืฉืชื•. ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื–ื™ืื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชืคื•ื’ื’ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ืื™ืชืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื ืฆื—ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื˜ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื›ื  ืกืช ืœืชืงื ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2007 , ืืš ื”ื ืœื ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ.
812
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฆื”_ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ื“ื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืคื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2002 ืจืืฉ ืžืœ"ื— ื“ืื–, ืžืจ ืืจื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืŸ ืขืžื™ , ืœืจืืฉ ืื˜"ืœ ื“ืื–, ืืœื•ืฃ ืื•ื“ื™ ืื“ื, ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ืฉื”ืขืชืง ืžืžื ื• ื ืฉืœื— ื’ื ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืกื’ื ื• ื•ืœืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื•ืœืกื’ื ื•, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืขืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”"ืžืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ืกืคืง ืืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ืœืžืœื ืืช ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื”". ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื›ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื ื—ืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืœื ืฆื•ืžืฆืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื“ื•ื— ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืฉืขื” ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื ืขืจืš ืœื”ืงืฆืื” ื•ืœืคืจื™ืกื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฆืž"ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื• (ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช, ืœืคื™ ืžืœื•ื ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื), ื•ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืฆืื™ ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• (ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš), ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื˜ื” ืžืœ"ื— ืืจืฆื™ ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืคืขืœื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžื•ืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ืฉืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื”, ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื—ืœืง ื”ืืจื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœ, ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืคื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื ืคื’ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ืžื•ืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื–ืืช, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
813
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื˜ืจื•ื - ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชืืจื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ ื”ื ื ื“ื‘ืš ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืชื‘ืกืกื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž -14 ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื“ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ื -ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื (ืื•ืจ ืขืงื™ื‘ื, ื—ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื’ืœื™ืœื™ืช, ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืžืขืœื”, ืžื˜ื•ืœื”, ืžื’ื“ืœ, ืžืฆืคื” ืจืžื•ืŸ, ืขืจื“ ื•ืงืฆืจื™ืŸ).
814
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื ืฉ"ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืžืœื ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืชื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ืœื ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื™ืชืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื
815
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืฉื—ื™ืงืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ืคื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” .ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื.
.ื™ื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉืงืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœืจืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ ืงืฃ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื, ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ื ื•ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2008 , ื•ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืกื•ืฃ ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืงืœ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื, ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชืž"ืช, ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืชืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ืฉื ืคื’ืขื• ืžื”ื™ื™ืกื•ืฃ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฆื•ื ืœืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื•, ื™ื’ื‘ืฉื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ื•ื™ื•ื•ื“ืื• ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช; ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื” ื›ืœื›ืœืช ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืฉื”.
816
ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื™ื“ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจืŸ ืœื‘_ื™ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœืžืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœ (ืœื‘_ื™) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื›ืฉื ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื™ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืืช ื”ืคืง"ื.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืœื‘"ื™, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืขืžื•ืชืช ืœื‘"ื™ ื•ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื•ืฉืชืชื™ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืขืœ ืจืฆื•ื ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืกื›ืžืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืœื‘"ื™. ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืžืฉ ื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื•ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืžืœืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืขืžื•ืชืช ืœื‘"ื™.
817
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื—ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืข"ื ื—ื•ื– ืจ ื•ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืข"ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ATG ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2004 ืœื ืชืื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืง ื‘ืœื” ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืชืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืชืข"ื 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขื ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืงื“ืžื” ืžื”ืœืงื•ื— ื‘ืกืš10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื— ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก, ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื (ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
818
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืกื“ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืข ืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืจืš ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืืœ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื’ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืกื•ืคื™. ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœืฆื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื' ืœืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื' , ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืืฉืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ืกืžื›ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืืœ ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืื™ื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ, ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื•ื‘ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
819
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ, ื› ื™ ืชืฉืขืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ื ืฉ ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื’ืจืžืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืŸ ื•ืชืชื•ืงืฆื‘ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื ื™ืžื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”, ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืชื  ืื™ ืžื—ื™ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืœื•ืื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™.
820
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื™ืฉื’ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื‘ื›-4% ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ืช 2006 ื•ื‘ื›- 2.6% ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉื ืช 2007 , ื•ืขืžื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008 ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืชืจ"ืฉ "ืชืคืŸ". ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื”, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื’ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืฆื”"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืงืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ืขืœื• ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืฉืจืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ื ืขื“ืจื• ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™; ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื‘"ืŸ ืฉืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ ืœ-90 ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ืจื•ืื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื”ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชืืžื”; ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืกื“ืจื™
. ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื”, ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื” ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™-ื”ืชืืžื” ืชื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืžืกื“ ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืื—ื•ื“ ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ.
821
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ โ€“ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงื™ื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’"ื‘ ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืื•ืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืžื“ืื™ื’ื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืคืงื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืคืงื“ื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืคืงื“ ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื•ืžื’"ื‘ ื™ืชืื™ ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื•ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื•ืช.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื™ืžืžืฉ ืืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื”, ื•ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืž"ื™ ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ.
822
ื ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ืชืขืฉ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืืช ื”ืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื ืžืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชื—ื. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ื”ื›ืจื™ืขื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ืื ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื–. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ืชืขืฉ ื›ืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืคืœื™ื, ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ื•ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื• ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื• ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืงืจ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 , ืจืง ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ืคื ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืช"ืง ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืขืžื“ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืกืš ื› -21 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืขืจื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื”ืขื™ืœื™ื™ื 15 . ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ืกื•ื›ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ -ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื›ืžื•ื”ื•
823
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื” ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืžื• ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื’ื ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกืคืงืช.
ืืš ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉ ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง.
824
ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” . ื”ืงืžืช ืื•ืœื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจืงืข ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆืชื” ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” - ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืช-ืงืจืงืขื™ ื”ื•ืฆื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืž ืงื•ืžื™ืช ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืชืช -ืงืจืงืขื™ื™ื ืฉืฉื˜ื—ื 100% ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื’/ื‘ืช/69 .
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช.
825
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื—ื—"ื™ ืชืคืขืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ืœืง ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคืŸ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช .ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ , ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืชื” ืจืฉื•ืช .ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœืจืฉืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. .ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ืž-2018 ืคื•ืจืกืžื” ืœืœื ืฉื™ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”. ื™ื™ืฉื•ื .ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 , ื›ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืกื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช .ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ื’ื” ื•ื—ื—"ื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ื›ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช .ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืกื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ืคื• ืจ ืกืžื• ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ .ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ื›ื™ื•ื.
.ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช .ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืกื•ืจื‘ื• ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช, ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— .ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™, ื–ืืช ืœืื•ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ .ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื–ื”ืžื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืกื•ืœืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืื’ื™ืจืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”. ืœืขืžื“ืช .ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืงืžืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืคื•ืกื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืฃ, .ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื” ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืžื–ื”ืžื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ .ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ 230.
826
ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืข"ืž . ื—ื‘ืจืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืข"ืž - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช .ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื•ื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื ื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื›-6,800 ืืœืฃ .ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2021 ืœื›-5,500 ืืœืฃ ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช2050 ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” .ืœืฉื ื™ื 2022 - 2024 ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื ืงื™ืžื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” - ืžื›-24% ื‘ืฉื ืช .2016 ืœืฆืคื™ ืฉืœ ื›-12% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 .ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื›-87 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ( ื›- .27% ) ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2024 ืœืขื•ืžืช ืฉื ืช2020 . ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื—ืกื•ืŸ .ื•ื”ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื•, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืขื•ื“ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”, .ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืžืชื ื’ื“ .ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ .ื•ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืงื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชืฉ"ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช .ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ .ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื›ื™ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื .ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืจื‘ -ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื” .ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืง .ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืฉื•ืง ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜.
827
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ .ื ืช"ืข ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœ- 1,435 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื•ืื™ ื”ืงื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืขืœื•ืช .ืฉืœ 129 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืช"ืข ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื“ืงืช ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืจืขืฉื™ื .ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืข"ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ืืœื ืข"ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื™ื”ืœื” ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื’ืžื™. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื ืช"ืข ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืฉืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ .ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ.
.ื ืช"ืข ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืกืงื™ ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืœื™ื”ื .ื ื—ืกืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื•ื•ืื™ .ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื ืช"ืข ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื•ื”ืœ ืจืฉืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื” ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคืจืกืžื” .ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื .ืžื™ื“ืข ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื.
828
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื› - 88% ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื .ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื”, ื•ื›-86% ืžื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช .ืคืขื - ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืง ื‘ ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” (63 . .ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื) ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ืขื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืงื ื™ื•ืช .ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื’ื ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืžืจื•ืฆื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” .ืจื‘ื” ืื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื .ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช .ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื. ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืจืคื” ืฉืขืœื• ืžื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืŸ ืจืžืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช .ื”ืงืœื” ื•ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื” - ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื .ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื•ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืชื™ื”; ื›-30% ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช .ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื›-21% .ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ27% ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ .ืจื‘ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• 44% ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืžืจืžืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช .ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช. .ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ ืขื• ืจืš ืกืงืจ ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ ืจื›ื‘ืช .ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื• ื ื™ื ื ืขืจ ื›ื• ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื•ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2022 (ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ .ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2021 ื•ื”ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2022 .)
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช .ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื•ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ืžื”ืœื™ืš .ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื•ืžื”ืกืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ .ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื•ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2022. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืื• ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืจืžืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช .ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ืขืœืชื” ื’ื ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ .(ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2021 ื•ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2022) ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืชืขืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ .ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ .ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืขืจื•ืฆื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืคืขื™ืœ, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ .ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ืœืจืง"ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกืงืจ ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืจืš, ื•ื›ืŸ .ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจืง"ืœ 32 , ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืขืœื• .ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
829
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž - ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื“ื•ืืจ .ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื’ื“ืœ ืคื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2018 - 2021 .
.ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืขืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงืŸ. .ื‘ืกื™ื•ืจ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘- 8.11.21 ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืœืคื™ .ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืืฉืจ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื ืฉืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื™ื•ื .ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžื›ืก ื‘ - 1.10.21 ื•ื˜ืจื ืฉื•ื—ืจืจื• ืœืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื“ื•ืืจ. ืœื”ืœืŸ .ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช 6,7 ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืžืก ื•ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžื›ืก ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ:
830
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ .ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืฉ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• .ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืจื›ื‘ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ 24.4 ืœ-35.4 ืžืœืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›-28 ืžืœืฉ"ื— .ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื›-19 ืžืœืฉ"ื—ืžืฉื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ืจื›ื•ืฉ, .ื•-9 .ืžืœืฉ"ื— ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจื›ื‘ ื—ื•ื‘ื”
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช .ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื•. ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืชืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉื ื’ืจื .ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื”ืŸ . ื›ืš ืœื“ื•ื’ืž ื” ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื, ืกื•ื’ื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื•/ืื• .ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืขื ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช.
831
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืืชืจื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”ืŸ - ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช .ื‘ื ืคืจื“. .ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืœ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืžื•ื“ื™ืข .ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื™ื™ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™, ื•ืฉืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคื ื•ืช .ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืข ื“, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืฉืช .ืชืœื•ื ื”, ืขืœ ื› ืš ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื›ืš .ืœืžื•ืขืฆื”.
.ืžื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืจื›ืฉื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘-2019 ื•ืœื›ืื•ืจื” .ืคื’ ืชื•ืงืคื; ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื‘ื˜ืœื ื•ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืŸ ืœื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื–ื•ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชื.
832
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื—ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื. ื”ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืคื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ .ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืืชืจ ืื—ื•ื“ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืฉืœ .ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื - ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื.
.ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื’ืœ ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ .ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื”, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ืจืฉื•ืช .ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืข ื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื™ืกื™ื ืขืœ ื” ื™ื‘ื•ื ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ื›ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ .ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื–ื”, ืชื•ืš ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืงืžืขื•ื ืื™ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข .ื”ืกื˜ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก ืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื .ื•ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืงื™ื™ ืžื™ ื ื›ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ืื• ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืคืจื– ืฉืœ ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื ืื• .ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื•ื— ืฉื•ืง ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
833
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ .ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘-15 ืž-16 ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช .ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ื“ ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, .ื•ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื, ื”ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื.
ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืขืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ .ื•ืชืจื•ืžืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื”ื ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืื ื”ื›ืœื™ .ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•. ืจื‘ื™ื ืž ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื .ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื•ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื›ื™ .ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืื• ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“ 98 , ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” .(17% ( ), ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช27% ( ) ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ28% ). ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื .ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ืช (38% ,42% ื•-30% , ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”); ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง .ืžื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืฉืืœื” ืคืชื•ื—ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืกืคื™ืง .ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ (ื›-15% ), ื”ื•ื ื ืชืคืก ื›ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืœื ื›ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืžืืžืฅ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ (ื›- .11% ), ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื• ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ื› -10% ); ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื• ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช .ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื‘, ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ื ื”ื’ ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื›ื–ื”, ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ .ืืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘"ืกื‘ื‘", .ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืžื•ืคืขืœ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ .ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืœื”ืคืขืœืช .ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ืคืจืกื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช .ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช .ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ.
834
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื .ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš (ืœืžืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช .ืžืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื›-49 ื™ืžื™ื) ืžืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื”. ื‘ืคืจืงื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื›ืืœื” ืืฃ .ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ .ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœืขื›ื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš. ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ื”ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช .ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ื•ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช, ื™ื—ืกื›ื• ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื , ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื .ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืœื•ื•ืื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ื• ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช.
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืœื•ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื– ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื”ืŸ .ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ืช ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ื˜ืœ .ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. .ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช .ื•ืืช ื”ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ื•ืœืคืจืกื ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ .ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช.
835
ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคื ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื•ื‘ืจืช ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื .ืœืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ื” ืžืชืจื—ืฉื™ื .ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ืœ"ืช, ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ืขื•ื“. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ื•ืœืฉื›ืœืœ ืืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, .ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœืงื“ื ืืกื“ืจื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืžืชืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™, ืžืชืงื“ื ื•ื ื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ .ืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง.
.ืžืœื•ื— 7 ,ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• (ื›ื•ืœื ืžื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™), ืคืจื˜ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•, ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื• .ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžื•ืคื ื” ืœืกื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ืžืฉื•ื•ืง .ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืงื‘ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ .ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช, 7 ืž-12 ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ืืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ .ืžืก ืœืงืจืืช ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.
836
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืืกืคืงืช ืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื . ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื .ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช79, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ ืœ- .1,000 ืกืคืงื™ ืžื™ื ืืœื” ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
.ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›-68% .ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื’ื ื• ืืช ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื .ืœื”ืœืŸ ืชื•ืฆื’ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช .ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื:
837
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื—ื—"ื™ ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืชื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืฉื™ืคื•ืจ .ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
.ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ื—"ื™ ื˜ืจื ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืฃ .ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื—ืชื™ืžืชื• (ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2019.) ืขืœื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื (ื—ื—"ื™, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” .ื•ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ) ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช .ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืขื ืฃ .ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”.
838
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืกื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืคื—ื .ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช 1 - 4 ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื™ืจื•ื, .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื .ื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื™ืจื•ื.
ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื’ืœื ืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคืช ื ื˜ื• ื‘ืกืš .ืฉืœ ื›-1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ, ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืคื—ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื ื“ื™ืจื™ื .ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืฉืœื ืžื•ื›ืจ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš .ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช 1 - 4 ื•ืืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืจืŸ, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื™ื˜ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช .ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช, ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื .ื•ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
839
ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” .ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกืœื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื™ื•ืชื” .ืขืจื•ืฅ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ืืฉืจืื™, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืžืจืฆืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ .ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ .ืืฉืจืื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื•ืจื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขืžืœื” ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืขืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘- 31.3% ืขื“ .67.7% ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”(ืค ืขืจ ืฉืœ 0.3 ืขื“ 0.5 ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ื•ื– .ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขืžืœื”). .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ .ืœืชืžืจืฅ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืจื•ืฅ ื–ื” ื›ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืขืกืงื•ืช .ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืืฉืจืื™. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืงื“ื ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉืชืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงื•ืช ืขืœ .ื’ื‘ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง.
. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื .ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื’ื™ืฉ. ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ .ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื•ืกืจืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืชื ื’ื™ื“ื™ื .ื‘ื ืงืื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ .ื‘ืœืขื“ื™.
840
ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช .ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉื‘ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ื“ืง ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ICAO ื‘ืฉื ืช2016 ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” .ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขืฆืžืื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช .ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืจืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ืž -91% ืœ-63% ,ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, .ืžืจืฅ 2022 ,ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ื .ืฉืงื‘ืข ICAO. ื”ืคืขืจ ืžืชื—ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืช"ื—ืœ-ICAO ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™2017 , ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ .ื”ืงืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื™ื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื“ 1.3.19 .
.ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ืžืœื•ื— 14 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืืฃ .ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื“ืง , ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” .ื”ืขืฆืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืžืกืคืง ืœ-90 ื ื•ืฉืื™ืื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืจื›ืช .ื™ืชืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืžืกืคืง ืœ -68 ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืคืขืจ ืฉืœ .ื›-32% ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ICAO. . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืช"ื, ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื•ืœืžืช"ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” .ื‘ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ืœืงืจืืช ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš .ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืœืืชื” ืขื•ื“ .ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื“ืง.
841
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื .ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืข"ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืคืง ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื” .ืขืœ ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”-CRM ื™ืฉ ืฉื“ื” ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• "ืžืฉืš .ื–ืžืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ", ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื™ืœื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ืชื•ืŸ .ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืื• ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ืขื ื–ืืช ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ื“ืœืคืง ืžืกืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžื ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช .ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืงื‘ืœืชืŸ.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืง ืžืžืขืจื›ืช .ื”-CRM ืื™ื ื ื–ื”ื™ื130. .ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”-CRM ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ0%-17% ื‘ื”ืชืื .ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืœืคืง ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื“ .ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืืžืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื™ืชื‘ืกืก ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื .ืžืชื•ืงืคื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื. .ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื .ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืงืจืืช ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืคื™ .ื”ื—ื•ืง - ื”ื™ื•ื ื”- 15 ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ .ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืฉืข"ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื” -CRM ื•ืžืžืขืจื›ืช .ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื” ืœืฉื ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืขื•ืžืก ืจื‘ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ .ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™.
842
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืก .ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื” 92 ืฆื•ื™ืŸ: "ืื™ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืง ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืคืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฆืžื—ื• ื‘ื• .ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 - 2013 . ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืค"ื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ220 ืœืคืงื•ื“ืชื”ืžืก". ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื .ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ื•ืžืงื” ื›ืš: "ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช, ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™".
.ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 - 2019 ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืข"ื ื›-96 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ .ืฉ"ื—. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื”ื™ื” ืคืขืจ ื”ืžืก10.6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ื›- 9.5% ืžืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” .ืœืฉื ื” ื–ื•.
843
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื - ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฉื•ื .ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืจื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉ"ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘) .ืื™ืŸ ืชื ืื™ื ื ืื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื”. ื™ืชืจ .ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” (ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ื ืชื ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข) ืื™ืŸ ืœื•ื‘ื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, .ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžื™ ืฉืžืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืชื•ืจื• ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืจื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืœืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ .ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื•ื‘ืงื™ืฅ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช 1 - 3 , ืฉืฆื•ืœืžื• ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžื”.
.ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ืคืงื™ื ืœืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช .ื‘ืžืฉ"ืžื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ , ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชืคืขืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืชื ืื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื .ืœื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ , ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื” ืžืคื’ืขื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” .ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉ"ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
844
ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข"ืž - ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืช"ื— ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ .ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช.
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื• .ืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืž-2017 . ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—- ื”ืื—ืจืื™ .ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื .ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื - ืงื™ื™ื ืชืงืŸ ืœืฉืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, .ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2021 , ื”ื™ื• ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ. ื‘ืื’ืฃ .ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช - ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืžืช"ื— ื•ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ .ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช - ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื•ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ .ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืช"ื. .ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช (ืฉื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื›-19.6 .ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘-2021 ื•ื‘ื›-20.9 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘-2020 ) ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ืงืจื” .ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืช"ื— ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื”ื• ืชืงืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ .ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ื• ื•ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.
845
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื›ืš ื”ืžืชืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื–ื™ืจื•ืช 48 ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ื—ื—"ื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” 2013 ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ื‘ืฉื ืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืชืงื™ืคื•ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื“ืข ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ื—ืชืžื” ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. IT-ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”, ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื, ื”
ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืžืกืš ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืชืช-ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”. ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืžื•ื˜ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ 80-ื› ื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื ื•ื˜ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•"ืค ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื—ื—"ื™ ื”ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคืจืง ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•"ืค. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื•ื“ืœื”, ืœื”ื™ืงืคื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืœืื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื” ื•ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ืง ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื—ื—"ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืžื•"ืค ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื—ื•ื–ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ื•ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”.
846
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืง ืžืฉืง ื”ื“ืœืง - ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืœื” ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื”ื˜ืœืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ืœื”ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—.
847
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืคื™ืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžืฆื™ืข ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช: ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื•; ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืœืคืจืกื ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช.
, 2019 ืขื“2017 ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง; ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ืื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื• ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ 20%-ืฉื› ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื”.
848
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืœื”ืืฆืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ 2019 ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื”ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ). ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช 6 ื•ืชืจืฉื™ื4 (ืœื•ื—2022 ืคืจื˜ ืœืฉื ืช2025 ืขื“2020 .ืชื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•
ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื’ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช 2019 ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 23%-ื”ื—ืฉืžื•ืœ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืกืš ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื” ื›
849
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขื“ ืื– "ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”), ืื•ืœื ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ืชื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื•ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืชื™ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื’ืœ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื•ืชื ืกื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืš ืœืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืขื™ืจ". ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื’ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื• ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืข"ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื‘ ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™, ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืชื ื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื‘ืจื’ืœ (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”) ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœืขื™ืจ ื•ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืชื—ื•ืœ ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื•ืช".
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื•ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื•ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื›ืš ืฉื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ืขื“ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืช ื“ืงื•ืช. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื•ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื” ื™ืขืœื• 15-ื”ื˜ืขื™ื ื” ื™ืคื—ืช ืž ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—"ืฆ ื‘ืขื™ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจืžื• ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
850
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื’ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื›ืœื™ื ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ืœืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื›ื‘ ื—ืฆื™-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื™ืœืŸ ื•ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื
851
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ืชื•ืงืŸ. ืื•ืžื ื ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœื”, ืืš ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื—ืœืงื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืงืฉื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช 59)ื“ืžื ื˜ื™ื™ื (ืงื™ื”ื™ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืืœื• ืœื ื™ื™ืฆืจื• ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืขื–ืจื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืชื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืงืจ ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžืจื•ืชืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืœื•.
ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืงื‘ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืืจื ื•ื ื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช , ืืœื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื–ื• 100%-ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืงื“ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื ื–ืงืงื™ื.
852
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืžื“ ืืช ืกืš ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืจื™ื 28-ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืœืฉืื™ืจื™ื. ืœ ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ 13 ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืขื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ 36 -. ืกืš ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœ 2019 ืฉ"ื— ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืกื™ืžื ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื™ื“ื•ืข ืื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืื™ืจื™ื 70 -. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืจืง ืœ 2019 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 15 ืฉืื™ืจื™ื 14,000 -ืฉื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืœืคื ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืžืชื•ืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืž ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืคื ืชื”, ื›ืš ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉืกื›ื•ื ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ืœืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืคืกื™ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ื™ืชืจ. ื ื•ื›ื— ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืืœืคื™ ืฉืื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืกืงืช 50- ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›2019 ืฉืืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืฉืื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ืช20-ืงืฆื‘ื” ืœ ืฉืื™ืจื™ื 14,500-ืืœืฃ ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ืงืฆื‘ืื•ืช ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืœื› ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช 67-ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื› ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืชืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืื•ืจื—ื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืืจื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืงืฆื‘ื”, ื•ืชื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฆืœื‘ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื ื‘ื˜"ืœ, ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื—ื ืช ืื ืœืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืžืขืœ ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืžื™ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ืฉ ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืื ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืฉืชื›ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ.
853
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” 90%-ื› ืžื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืฉื™ืœืžื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื’ื ืื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื—ืœืง ืงื˜ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ื ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืกื“ืจื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื•, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื’ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืื• ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช.
854
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ, ืื ื”ื™ื ื ืงื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ - ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืื• ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื™ ื”ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื•. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืกื“ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“.
855
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืœื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืืชืจ ื•ืœืคื™ ืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืืœื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” , ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” 2050 ื“ืœืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื™ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืชื ื•ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื.
856
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื“ืœืงื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืž"ื ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื”, ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ .2030 ืžื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช30%- ืœื›17%-ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืž
857
ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืจื˜"ื’ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื™ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืฉื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
ืœืœื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืœืงืจืืช ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื™ื 2017- ื•2016 ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื˜"ื’ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืจืฆื•ื™. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืจื˜"ื’ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืจื‘, ืžื” ืฉื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื•ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื˜"ื’ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ (ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”) ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื•ืฉืœ 2017-18 ืจื˜"ื’ ืžืกืจื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ื›ื™ "ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื“ื• ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื "2015-16 ื”ืฉื ื™ื
858
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ - ืืกื“ืจื”, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ 2017 ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช, ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ , ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื•ืืฃ ื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ 2019 ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ . 2017 ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืืกื“ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ื•ืืฃ ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ืฉื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื. ืžืŸ ื•ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืืœื” 2017 ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžืฉื ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœืจื•"ื— ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ, ืžืชืŸ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื”ืจืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืจื•"ื— ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ืืชืจ ืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืจืฉืชืช (ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜) ืืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืฆื•ืจืฃ ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืชืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžืœื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ืื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“-ืคืขืžื™, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœืฉื™ื ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช, ื ื•ืฉื ืืฉืจ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืช ืขืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืฃ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
859
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืžื–"ื—ื™ื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื•ืชื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืžื–"ื—ื™ื. ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืžื–"ื—ื™ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืžื˜ื” ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืชื• ืขื ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื” ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืžื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื•.
860
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืจืžืช ื”ื’ื•ืœืŸ, ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ื ืจืช ื•ื”ืขืžืงื™ื ื”ืžื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ื ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืฉืชื‘ืฆืข ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ืžืกืจ ืœื”ื ืžืจืืฉ ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืชื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ืœื“ืขืช 1.5-ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื ื› ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืžื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื’ื ื”ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืžืจืื” ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื’ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช.
861
ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช . ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ, ื”ื’ื–ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช - ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื•ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ืคื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ื–ื• ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืจืฉื•ืช. ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื ืžื›ื”ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ. ืžืคื ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช 11%-ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืจืง ื‘ื› ื ื•ืกืคืช ืื™ืžืฆื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืขืœ ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช 17%-ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื‘ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืจืง ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช.
ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืžื ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœืฉื•ืžืจื™ ืกืฃ ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืขื ืœื—ืฆื™ื ื•ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžืžืชืŸ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™.
862
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืœื—ื™ืžื” ื‘ื—ื–ื™ืช ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื›ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื–"ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื–"ื™ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ืœ"ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•. ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืคื—"ืข ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื—ืœ"ืš. ืขืœ ื–"ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืื™ืจื•ืข ืฉืœ ื—ืœ"ืš ื‘ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื ื—ื” ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ืžืชืจื’ืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื”. ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืื™ืจื•ืข ืคื—"ืข ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื—ืœ"ืš ื•ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื•.
863
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืœื-ืžื—ื•ืœืงื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ OECD -ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ืฆ'ื™ืœื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™; ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ืขืžื“ 2017 ื”ืžืก ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืก ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื—ืกื™ืช, ื ืจืื” ืืคื•ื 3%-ืขืœ ื› ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ืžืฉื•ื ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื”ืชืื’ื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“.
ืžืฆื‘ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื”, ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื“ื•ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืฆื‘ ืจืฆื•ื™, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกื“ ืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžืก ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ 2004 ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืคืจืฆืช ื”ืžืก ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื - ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช . ื”ื’ืฉืช ื“ื•ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื™ื˜ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ 2011 ื•ืขื“ืช ื˜ืจื›ื˜ื ื‘ืจื’ ื‘ืฉื ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืชืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื• ืžื›ื•ื— ื›ืชื‘ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื˜ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืื•ืžื ื ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•.
864
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขื ืง ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื - ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ื›ื™ ืžืขื ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ 2016-ืžืžืฆืื™ ืกืงืจ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ื–ืง ืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ืžื’ื“ืจื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืขื ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื ืง ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข.48%-ื›
865
ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ . ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘' , ื•ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืš 2017 ื”ื•ืืจืš ืขื“ ืืคืจื™ืœ2013 ืžื™ื•ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืœื ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ืžื›ืจื–ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ; ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื.
ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืชื™ื• ืื• ืžื—ื“ืœื™ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื•. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืžืขืช ืœืขืช ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืžื” ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืžืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜.
866
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชืจื•ืžื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืคืชื—ื•. ืื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืืœื™ื• ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื” ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœื ืคื ื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ืž. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ืž ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2010 , ืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ืž ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืขืงื‘ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื• ืื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื—, ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื•ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืœื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ืž ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื™ื ืœืืชืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื•ื“ืŸ ื‘ืึดื‘ึธึผืŸ, ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื— ื“ื“ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขื“ ื›ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืจืื•ื™.
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืฃ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ืคื ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช - ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืงืช - ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืื›ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื›ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื”.
867
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืœืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืขื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืช, ืจื™ื—ื•ืงื” ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืชื™ ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ
. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื“ืขื™ื›ืชื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืœืช ื›ืขื™ืจ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื•ืžื” ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉื’ืฉื’ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจ.
868
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ .ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื: ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช. ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืจื•ืฆื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ื: ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช - ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื‘ื ืง ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ - ืจืฉื ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข. ืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
ืžืžืฆืื™ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช.
869
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื ืžืฆืื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขืงื‘ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2008 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– , ื•ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื“ืื– ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ. ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื ื ื•ืžืงื”.
870
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข_ืž (3) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืž ื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ื˜ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ืžื—ื•ื–ื” ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืœืฉื›ืจื• ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 ื•- 2010 , ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืžื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื›ืจื• ืขืœื” ืคื™ 2.3 ืžื›- 146,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืœื›- 331,000 ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 , ื•ืคื™2.1 , ืœื›- 312,000 , ื‘ืฉื ืช 20107, ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืฉืจืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืข ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืžืขืฆื ื˜ื‘ืขื” ืžืฉืจืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืจืง ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื , ื•ืจืง ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“.
871
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ื“ื™ื’ ืžื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืฉื•"ื˜ ื”ื ืคื™ืงื• ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืืฃ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืคื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ืชื“ืžื™ืชื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•"ื˜. ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืชื ื•ืื›ื™ืคืชื ืฉืœ ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื• ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื’ ืฉืžื™ื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืžืื›ืœ ืื“ื; ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจืื™ ื ื’ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืฆืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื“ื’ื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2009 ื”ืฉื•"ื˜ืœื ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ ืžืื›ืœ. ื”ื ืœื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื›ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื“ื’ื™ื ื•ืœื ืคื™ืงื—ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ.
872
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื•ื”ื—ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื‘ืจื—ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ื•ื›ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืฆืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ืข"ื—. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื ื™ืขืช ื–ืœื™ื’ืช ื‘ืฉืจ ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉ"ืค ืืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื‘ืฉืจ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืื™ื ื• ื›ืฉืจ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื” ืชืืจื™ืš ืชืคื•ื’ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืจืฉ"ืค. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ืœืจืฉ"ืค ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•"ื˜ ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ืื™ ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉ"ืค ืœื ื™ื–ืœื•ื’ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ. ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืจ ืื• ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืขื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ18 .
873
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช (ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2010 ) ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ื•ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขืช ืจืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืชื ื•ืขื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช.
874
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื—ืœืคืช 5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ืชื™ืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ื›ืžื•ืช ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœืชืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืชื•ื ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ื™ื•ื ืคืงื• 5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช, ื”ืžืกืคืงืช "ืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ" ืฉืœ 500,000 ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืœื™ื–ืฆื™ื”, ืœื ืชื›ืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืจ ืฉื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ. ื›ืš ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกืคืง ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ืกื•ืคืงื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฆืœืžื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื ืœืฆื™ืœื•ื ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
875
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข - ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืงื™ื•ื ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœืฉืคืจื”.
876
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืžืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ื•ืœื ืคืจืกื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืžื•ืกื™ืคื•ืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืžืื’ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื™ื–ื•ืžื” ืžืฆื“ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ . ืจืืฉ ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืืช ืืœื” ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ื”ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื•ืœืœ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืืคื•ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉืงื•ืคื”. ื›ืš ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ืขืจ ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ "ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืžืื’ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข". ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“42 . ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื”. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืจืกื ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ.
,ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืจื‘ืข ืžืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ50 ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืขืœ5 ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 -2009 . ืžืชื•ืš 50 ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืขืœ 5 ,ื”ืชืจืื•ืช11 ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื ืžืกืคืจ ืชื™ืงื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 . ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืœืฉื›ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
877
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื• ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืืš ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื“ื™ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช (ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ) ืœื ืžืกืจ ื–ืืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื ืฉื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื“ืจื›ื•, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“, ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืงืฆื™ื‘ืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ืžื ื™ ืžืชืงืฉื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื›ืš ืžื•ื—ืœืฉืช ืขืฆืžืชื• ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช - ื”ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื• ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืจืช.
878
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืื—ืช ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช, ืฉืชืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ืžืขื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื™ื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—. ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ืชืชืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืฆื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื, ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืืœื• ืชืชืจื•ื ื’ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื ึตื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘.
879
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31.12.09 โ€“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ืฉืœ ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืžืœืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืœืกื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”"ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”" ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ื–ื™ืจื•ื– ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ื ืื•ืชื” ื•ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
. ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชื›"ื. ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืชื“ืจื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื”ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.
880
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคืœื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื—ืœื• ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื” ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืื™ืžืฆื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชื›ืชื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™, ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ืชื™ื•ืงื” (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ืืจ ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ).
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2007 ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื ื–ืš ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืกืจ ื”ื’ื ื–ืš ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื”ื“ืจื›ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ื’ื ื–ืš ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื.
881
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื ืช 2009 ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื•ืงื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื, ื•ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืื™ -ื”ืชืืžื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš, ื”ื ื—ื“ืœื• ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืฉื•ื‘ืจื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื•. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2010 (ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜) ื ื’ื‘ื•, ืื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ื› -74% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ืจืช ืžืฉืคื˜, ื•ืจืง ื›-%18 ื˜ืจื ื ื’ื‘ื•28. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื’ื‘ื• ื›- 56% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”, ื•ื›-%23 ื˜ืจื ื ื’ื‘ื•29. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2009 ืฉื™ืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืจืฉื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžื•ืžืฉื•.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2007 ืคืขืœ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืงื ืก ื—ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2004 , ื•ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืขืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›- 8,000 ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื›-1.5 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2007 ื”ืชืงืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื ืฉืชื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ื•ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืŸ. ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ 2009 ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื› - 22,000 ืชื™ืงื™ ื—ื•ื‘. ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืกืš ื”ืงื ืกื•ืช ืฉื’ื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื” ื›-7.6 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื›ืืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืฉื™ืจืื• ืื™ื–ื”
882
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื” - ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืžื™ืชื” ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœื”. ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืืฃ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื ืคืขืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื• ื™ืจื•ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืฉืœืžืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืขืžื•ืชื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืชื• ื”ื™ืจื•ืง, ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื ืื•ืฉืจ ืžืชืŸ ืชื• ื™ืจื•ืง ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื•ื ื”: ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืŸ, ื ื‘ื ื• ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื• ื™ืจื•ืง ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 70,000 ืž"ืจ- ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2007 - 2008 ื•ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื- ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 . ืืฃ ืฉืชืงืŸ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื” ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื- ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืชื• ื™ืจื•ืง.
883
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืกื™ื•ืข ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืขืกืงื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืกื—ืจ
884
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื”; ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืขื ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื’ื™ืข ืœื—ื“ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขื ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืขื ืง ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื.
885
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ื•ืขืจ (ื‘) ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืคืจื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืจื•ืคืฃ: ื‘-12 ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื ืขืฉื• ืจืง 11 ,ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช 89 ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืœื ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื›ืœืœ; ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ืขืจืš ืจืง ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”. ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื "ืš ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื ื‘ ื“ืงื•; ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”, ื•ื‘-11 ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ; ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™, ื•ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ; ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช - ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™, ื•ืื•ืœื ืืช ืฉื ื™ื”ื ืขืฉืชื” ืžืคืงื—ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ื‘ืจืช ืขืจื‘ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืื•ืชื”. ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื“ื™ืฉื” ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืื’ืฃ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื’ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช (ืจืื• ื‘ืคืจืง ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช).
. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืืš ืื™ื ื ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื— ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ. ื‘ืœื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืื• ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื™ื“ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืžืขืงื‘ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ื ื•ื— ืื—ืจื™ ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืฉืœ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืื—ืจืื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื•ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื’ื ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช.
886
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ื˜ื•ืช ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ -65 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช12 ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ -45 ืžื”ื (ื›-69% .) ื ืžืฆื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืคื’ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘-21 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ืื• ืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืชืงื ื™ื™ื; ื‘ -12 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื• ืžื›ืœื™ ื’ื– ืื• ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื• ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™; ื‘ -8 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื—ืฆืŸ ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืžื•ืงื“ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืื• ืฉื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืชืงื™ืŸ; ื•ื‘- 19 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืื• ืœื ืชืงื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘-4 ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืžืฆืื” ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉืขืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ื’ื™ืขื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืคื’ืขื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ื”ื ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ-ืฉืืช ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื•, ืืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื. ื’ื ื›ืฉืžืคืงื—ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืขื• ืขืœ ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืืฃ ื›ืืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ
.ืื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืงื•ื“ ืžื™ื, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื• ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช ืื ื”ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืจื•, ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืื’ืฃ ื ืงื˜ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืœื”ืกืจืชื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
887
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืœื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื›ื™ ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืงื‘ืข ื˜ืจื ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืขืžื“ื” ืกื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืคืช ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื”. ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ื“ืขื” ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ืžืฆื™ืข ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ื’ื ืœื ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘' ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆืจ ืžื“ืฃ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืงืœืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 80% ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื•-20% ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ืื•ืœืžืฆืขืจ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืฉืœ 60% ืœืžื—ื™ืจ ื•-40% .ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืžืฉืงืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (80% ืื™ื›ื•ืช- 20% .ืžื—ื™ืจ) ื’ื“ื•ืœ
888
ื”ื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ื‘ืข_ืž . ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ืžื•ืคืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื“-ืืœื™ื”ื• .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื ื”ืœืช, ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืžืจ ืฉื™ืœื”, ืœืžืจ ื—ืœื•ื‘ื” ื•ืœืžืจ ื™ื‘ืœื•ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉืžื”. ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื’ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืจ ื—ืœื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืืจื‘ืขื” ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืข, ื•ืžื“ื•ืข ืขืœ ืžืจ ื™ื‘ืœื•ืงื•ื‘ืกืงื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืขืฉืจื” ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื - ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื›ื“ื•ืจืกืœ ื•ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืงืฉืจ ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ - ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืจืฉื ืžืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืž- 2003 , ืฉื“ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื—ื™ื ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืชื, ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงื™ ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ืคื•ืจืกื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืž- 2009 , ืœื ื ืงื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ื”ืคืกื•ืœ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืื• ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืœืœื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืžืžืืจื’ื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื ื•ืกื— ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืž- 2009 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืจ ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืื• ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืœืง ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื—ื™ื ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื—ืœืง ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืœื ืžืžืืจื’ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื—ืœืงื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื•ืคื•ืจืกืžื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
889
ื”ื™ื›ืœื™ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื“-ืืœื™ื”ื• โ€“ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ, ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ .ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขื•ื’ื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”, ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ืงืจื” ืจืื•ื™ื”: ืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืœืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžืžื ื”; ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืงื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืข ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžืฉืงื™ืฃ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•; ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”, ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื ื ืขื–ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืขื•ื’ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœื” ื›ืกืคื™ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื“ืื” ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืช ื—ืœืงื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื–ื• ืื™ืฉืจื”, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื’ื ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื ืชื•ื‘ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™.
890
ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืก . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ - ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืก ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื ืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืืงื•ื˜ืง - ืฉืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ืžื ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ื” - ื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื’ื’"ื’, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ: (ื) ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2004 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืชื ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืืงื•ื˜ืง ื•ื‘ื” ื™ืฉืชืชืคื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื•ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ (ื•ืขื“ืช ืืงื•ื˜ืง). ืœืžืจื›ื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืฉื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืงื•ื˜ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคื˜ื  ื˜. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ืืงื•ื˜ืง ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืกืจ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื ืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื ืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืืงื•ื˜ืง ืœืžืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื”ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื” ื•ืœืžืฆืขืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2004 , ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ืงืชื• ืœืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื™ืงืชื• ืœืžืจ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื•ืœื’ื‘' ื’ื•ืื˜ื” - ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื–ื™ืงื” ืืœื™ื”ื. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืืงื•ื˜ืง ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2006 - ืฉื‘ื” ื ื›ื—ื• ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืžืจ ื›ืฆื ืœืกื•ืŸ, ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ (ืžืจ ืขื“ื™ ืืœื“ืจ) - ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ: "ื›ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉืœื•ืฉืชื , ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ื”ืกืชืจืชื™ ืืช ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ]ืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช, ืžืจ ื’ื•ืจืŸ ื•ื’ื‘' ื’ื•ืื˜ื”[ ืžื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืืช. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืกืฃ. ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื™ืžื›ืจื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ื›ืœ ื–ื”, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ". ืžืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื“ืจืฉื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื–ื” (ืืคืจื™ืœ 2006 ), ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืืงื•ื˜ืง, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืขื ืžืจ ื’ื“ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื• ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื›ืš, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื“ ืœื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืืงื•ื˜ืง.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ืžืžืื™ 2009 ,ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ, "ื”ืจืคืจื ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ"; ]ื‘ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื’ื’"ื’[ ืžื•ืœ]ื‘ืžืคืขืœ[ ืขื ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื’ื’"ื’ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ; ื•ืขื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ื”ื™ื•"ืจ, ื›ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื, ืœื”ืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœื™ื” ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืœื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื–ื•.
891