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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื” (ื‘) ืžืœื‘ื“ ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืขืž"ื™ ื’ื ืžืงืจื‘ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื), ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ "ื—ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจ". ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ืžืคืืช ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืืœื ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืช ืงืจื‘ืชื ื•ืงืฉืจื™ื”ื ืœืื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืื• ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืชืงื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ) ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืื™ 2005 ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ "ืฉืžืขื ื• ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคื’ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืž"ื™ ืื—ื“ื™ื". ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”:
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืžื• ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืขืงื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉืืกื•ืจ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื“ื ื›ืขืž"ื™ ืื ืฉื”ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
1,094
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืืคื•ื ื”ืฆืขื” ืื—ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ืขื™ื ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช .Adtranz , ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื” ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื‘ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ. ื•ืื•ืœื ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื ื ืžืกืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื•ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœื”ืฆืขืช Adtranz ื•ืœื ื“ื•ืจื’ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ 22 ื”ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืจื™ื”ื ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ื ื—ืชื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2004 , ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ 1,244,937 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ืขื•ื“ 1,390,000 .ืื™ืจื• ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืขืกืงื” ื–ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื› - 48.2% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื“ื•ืœืจื™ ( 840,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ) ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื•ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืจื• ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื›- 38.5% ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืจื• ( 1,003,294 .ืื™ืจื•) ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ืจื›ืฉื” ืืคื•ื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช 42 ืงื˜ืจื™ื ืœืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช 10 ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœ-10 ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืžื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืืœื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื. ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื›ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื’ื ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื–ืž ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื.
1,095
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื”, ื”ืชืฉืก_ื-2001 - ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื•ืขืœื”, ืฉืจืง ื‘ - 3.4.05 , ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ืœื”ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ื•ื’ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ื•ืงื” ื ื•ืกื— ืชืงื ื•ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื” (ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ), ื”ืชืฉืก"ื” - 2005 , ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื. ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2005 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ื•ืงื” ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2005 . ื›ืš ืฉื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืžืœื•ืื•, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ืžืขืœื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื’ื ื” ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืœื ืคื’ืข ื” ืขื‘ื™ืจื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ื’ื ื”, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื•.
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ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช . ื›ื ืกืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2006 , ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉื›ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ื”ื•ืจื” ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ. 2. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืกื˜ื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004 , ืืžืจ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช: "ืžืชื—ื ื• ืงื• ืžืชืืจื™ืš ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื•ืื™ืœืš ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื ืขืฉื” ื•ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ". ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคืขืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื•ืืœื” ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื:
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืกืžื•ืš ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ืจืคื• ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœืคื ื™ื™ื”, ืฉื”ืจื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื ืฆื™ืจืคื” ืœืคื ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ืืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืขื‘ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉ"ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ืข"ืค". ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื–ื›ืชื” ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื”.
3. ,ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื˜ืขืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ืžืฆื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื•ืงื˜ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2005 , ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื–ื™ื ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ื™ืงืจ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ื•ื ืžืขื’ืŸ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืžืžืฉ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืื™ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืืจืฅ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืคืจืฆื” ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืขื”, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื™ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืขืœ "ื ืชื™ื‘", ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืœืคืชื— ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœืืชืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืจืขื”, ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืชื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื“ ืฉื™ืกืชื™ื™ื ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—" ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื™ืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™ ื•ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื‘ื ืงื™ ื–ืจืข ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื‘ื ืงื™ ื”ื–ืจืข ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื’ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื, ื•ืœื ืจืง ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืชืจื•ืžืช ื–ืจืข, ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื‘ืกืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ื™ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœื›ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ื™ืœื•ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืžื•ืžื™ื35., ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืจื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื ืœืžืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืฉื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฉื‘"ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื‘"ืŸ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืžืžื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื.
2. ืืฉืจ ืœืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื ื—ืชื ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ - 2004 ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ื ื”ืžืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื’ืžืœืื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœื ื’ื™ืœืžื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื—ื” ื‘ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช, ืœื ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืก ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืœื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2005 , ื•ืœื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ืืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื
1,102
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื ื›ื™ ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” .ืืฉืจ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืกืขื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ืง - ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื—ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ืž- 1.1.06 ,ื•ืื™ืœืš ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื ืคื’ืขื™ ื ืคืฉ ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžื•ืจื›ื‘: ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืขืฆืžื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืชืœื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื•ืช. ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ืœ (ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื• ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืœื›ืš) ื•ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื•ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ื”ื•ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื ืฉื”ืฆืขื“ ืฉื ืงื˜ื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ืฆืจ ื”ืคืœื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœื—ืกื•ืš ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืœืชืช. ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2005 ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจื›ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืขื ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืจ ื“ื ื™ ื ื•ื”. ืขื ื”ืฉืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืจ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื“ืจื™ ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ื›ืœืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืืฃ ืฉื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื.
1. ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2005 - ื™ื•ื ื™ 2006 ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืงื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืชื 18 ืžืฉืชืงืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื›- 61,000 ืฉ"ื—; ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ื“ืจืฉื• ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืงื• ื›ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื•ืชื ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืžืฉืชืงืžื™ื. ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ื™ื” ื› - 40,000 .ืฉ"ื—
1,103
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื - ืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ืฉื’ื ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืชืช ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกืœ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื—ืœืงื ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžื—ืœื”, ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ื•' ืฉื‘ื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ืชื ื” ื”ืงื•ืคื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืžืชืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกืœ.
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื™ืคื•ืง ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืกืœ ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช - ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื• ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืืฉืจื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื ื™ืคื•ืง ื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื ื™ืคื•ืง ืชืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืกืœ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœื” ื•ืžืื™-ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืคื” ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 , ื˜ืจื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืฃ ืœื ื™ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืžืข"ืž, ืืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ื ืื• ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื™ืงื™ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช 37 ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘- 2004 -2005 ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืข"ืž ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื (ืžืชื•ืš45 ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•), ื ืžืฆืื• 34 .ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื ืขืงื‘ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืฉืœื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื—ื•ืžืจืชืŸ ืžืฉื ื™ืช. ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื–ื”: ืœื ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืงื ืกื•ืช; ืงื ืกื•ืช ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช; ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืฉื•ืžื” ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ืžืืกืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื; ืงื ืกื•ืช ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ืจืชืขืช ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืžืื™ -ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืก.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช, ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ื™ ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืฆืœ ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืื›ื™ืคื”, ืœื”ืจืชืขื” ื•ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื™, ื‘ืืฉืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืฉื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘- 1992 ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื• . ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืžื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื ื’ืจื ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื ื’ืจื ื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช. ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืืฃ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืืœืชืจ ื‘ ื“ืง ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืžื™ืง ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ื ืงื•ื˜ื™ื ืืฆืœื”, ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืชืงื ื, ื•ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื™ืขืฉื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื.
.ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ 3 ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืื™ื ื• ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉื "ื—- 1998 , .ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ื™ื•ืช
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995 , ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-11 ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืงื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ืกื“ืจ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืžื•ืชืื ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื”, ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื—ืจืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื˜ืจื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืกื“ืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขื ืง, ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืืกืžื›ืชื” ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืืฉืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ืจืง ืื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืœืื•, ืื•ืœื ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืืฃ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื, ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื”, ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืคืงืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืจื•ืฆื” ื•ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ืœื ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืกืžืช ื”ืกืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืชื•ืงื ื•, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืขื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข, ืžืžื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. . ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืš ื™ื™ืžื ืขื• ืื• ื™ืฆื•ืžืฆืžื• ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื–ื™ื•ืคื™ื.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืืžื™ืชื•ืช ืชื•ืืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื•ืคื˜ื•ืžื˜ืจืื™ื ื”ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืื›ื™ืคืช ื“ื™ื ื™ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืชื— ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืืœื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ื•.
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2007 , ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืงืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืžืชืค"ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื’ื‘ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - "ืจื•ื— ืงื“ื™ื"), ื•ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืกื™ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ ืžืชืค"ื ื•ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” (ืœื”ืœืŸ - "ืจื•ื— ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช").
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื โ€“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ืืœื ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ืคืกื™ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื™ื ื• ื ื ืงื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืฆื‘ืจื• ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื ื™ 2006 ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ืื™ - ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ, ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืืฃ ืœื ื ืฉืงืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื“ื—ื•ืฃ ืœืชืงืŸ ื ืงื•ื“ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื”ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืฉืœื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืœ 126,022 ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2008 ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ืฉื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•, ืืฃ ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื” ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœื™ื—ืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืžื˜ืขื ื–ื” ืœื ื ืคืกืœื• ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืœื ื”ื•ื’. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื ืžื ืข ืžืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ื”ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชืžืš ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ื›ืœืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช39.
(ื‘) ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006 ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ืืš ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ -ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืชืงื ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“: ืื™ืŸ ืคื•ืกืœื™ื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืคืกืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื ืฉืœ 4,313 ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืฉืขื“ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2008 ืฆื‘ืจื•72 .ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื’ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื‘ื’"ืฆื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื35 ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ื”ื˜ืœืช ืคืกื™ืœื” ืœืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ื”ื•ื ืคืกื™ืœื” ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืชืงืฉื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืคืกื™ืœื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ), ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืคืกื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืชื•ืงืฃ. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”, ืœื›ืŸ ื ื›ื–ื‘ื” ืชืงื•ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืื›ืŸ ืชืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื•ืื•ืœื ืœืžืจื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืขืจืš ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืจื‘ -ืชื—ื•ืž ื™ ืื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื•ืจืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœื ืฉื•ื ืชื” ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืชื•ืจืช ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืขื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืฆืื” ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2004 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ: ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ืจืก ืžืกืžื™ืš ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ืื—ืจื™ื• ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืงื•ืจืก ืจืง ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 . ืื—ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื™ -ืื™ื•ืฉ ืชืงืŸ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2004. ืื™-ืงื™ื•ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืœืžืขืจืš ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืžืื™ื™ืฉื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื—ืกืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื”ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช ืื• ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื™ืž"ืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืกืžื›ื”, ื•ื’ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ื™ืž"ืจ ื ื’ื‘, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ื˜, ื—ืกืจื” ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ .ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืจื‘, ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืงืžื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื—ืง ื–ืžืŸ32 , ืžื” ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืกืคืง ืื ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“. ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื ืžืกื•ืคืง ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืกื•ืก ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 1993 ืžื˜ื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ื”. ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—
ื”ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืคืืช ืื™ -ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืงืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืคื—ื ื“ืœ ื’ื•ืคืจื™ืช ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžื ืฉืจืช. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืกื•ืœืงืŸ ืชืชื‘ืฆืข ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช, ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืืช"ืง ื•ืžืž"ื™ ืžืขื›ื‘ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ืžืื ืจื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื“ืฉื•ืช. ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื–ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขืœื”, ื•ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืž ืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002 ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื™ื•ืคืง ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืœืคื—ื•ืช2% ืžื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืง ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืชื—ื“ืฉืช.
ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื ื™ืฆืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื”ืชืงื ืช ื“ื•ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ื“ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ืฉื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ืชื”ื™ื”, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืชืจื•ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื’"ื™ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ืกืงืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ืื•ืคื™ื–ื™ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื™ืกืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ 27 , ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื’"ื™. .ื•ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื - ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื - ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืฉืžืจื•ืช ื”ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืขื ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ. ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™: ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆืื• ืื™ -ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื‘"ื” (ื‘ืกืขื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืชื™ื”ื ืœืฉื‘ืชื•ืŸ, ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช) ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2007 . ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืข ืขื“ ืœื› -15% . ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืื™-ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ืืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ืื™ืจื•ื— ืžื•ืคืขื™ ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืœื ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ืจื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืžืื” ืืœืฃ ืฉืงืœื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืกืฃ, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคืชื— ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื.
.ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืื™ืœืช ื‘ืข"ืž ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื’'ื– ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื”, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืืœืคื™ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ื—ื™ื ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืจื—ื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงืœื” ื›ื‘ื—ืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ ืจื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ืœืชืงืŸ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ืžืกืคื•ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืขืฆืžื™, ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืงืง ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื• ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื™ืกื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืกืคื•ื ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื›ืจื” ืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ืกืžื›ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืž-76 ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืœื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืžืกืคื•ื ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืจืง ืœืฉืชื™ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” (ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ืŸ; ื›ื™ืžื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ืชืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกืคื•ื). ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2004 . ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื ืช 2008 ืœื ืคื ื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื— ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืœืขื•ื“ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ืœืžืื›ืœ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืงื‘ืœ
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืข ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืจื–; ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœื™ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ืจืฆื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ื™ืžื ืข ืžื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื—ืจ ืชื—ืชื™ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ืื• ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืื•ืคื™ ื“ื•ืžื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”5 .
ืžื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื:
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื ื“ืœื•ืจื“. 2. ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉืœื” ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืขื•"ื“ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื˜ื•ื ื™ืง12 , ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืœื ื“ืœื•ืจื“, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ , ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื ื“ื™ื• , ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”. 3. ื’ื ื”ื‘ื ืง ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™13 .ื‘ื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืงื‘ืข ื”ื‘ื ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื™ืฆืจื” ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืžื•ื ื•ืคื•ืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืงื™ืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื - 16.2.05 . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืคืชื™ื—ื” ืžื”ืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื’ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื, ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœืจืกืค"ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ ืขืœ ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ืื’ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ืขื•ืŸ20 . ืžืžื™ืœื ืจืกืค"ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ืžืคืจืกืžืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืืชื ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ื ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ื, ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืคื•ืงื” ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื‘ืกืคืง ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื‘ -1.2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื ืชื ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืชืžื•ืจืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช โ€“ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ืงื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืฉืชื•ืืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž - 14,000 ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฉื™ื (ื› -1% ) ืื™ืจืข ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื, ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื•ืžืขืžื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื•ืœืื™ -ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื 15 . ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขืจืš ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืชื™ืื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ; ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืงื‘ืข ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืจืฉื ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ืขืœื™ื”ื.
.ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›- 200,000 ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ื‘ืืจืฅ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”- 50 , ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืกืคืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ืื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ืื•ื™ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืจืฉื™ื), ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืฉื•ื ืชืืจื™ืš ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื ืจืฉื ืžืื™ื–ื• ืืจืฅ ืขืœื•, ื•ื›- 65,000 ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืืจืฅ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื ืจืฉื ืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื›-550 .ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืœื™ื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืงื“ื ืœืชืืจื™ืš ื”ืœื™ื“ื”
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘_ื”ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช_ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื ' ืฉื•ื•ืงื• ื•ื ื‘ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื–ื ื' ื‘ืกืชื™ืจื” ืœืชืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ, ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ื›ื™ ื”ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื–ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืœื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœื™ื–ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื” ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื• ื— ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื ืฉืืจื• ืืคื•ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืชื ืื™ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจืืฉ ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื”. ืื ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืชื” ืืœื™ื”ื.
ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ื™ื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ืคื™ืงื— ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื’ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืœื™ื•. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ืคื›ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืกืงื™ ื’ืจื™ื“ื, ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืชื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื–ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”. ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืกื•ืจ, ืืœื ื”ื•ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื‘ืงื• ื”ืขื™ืžื•ืช.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืคื” ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืืจืš ืชื•ืงืคื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืจืฉืื”, ืื•ืœื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืค ื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืืช ืขื•ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืชืžื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืš ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืื˜ ืžืื“ ืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘, ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2008 .ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ - 1993 ื—ื•ืœืœื” ืชืžื•ืจื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— . ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืžื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืจืฉืื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืืจื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ืœื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื•ื’ื“ืœื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื˜ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”.
.4. ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ื”ืชื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืžื’ืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื’ืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื™ื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื”ืจืฉืื” ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื’ืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืจืกื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื’ืจืฉ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื‘ืกื“ ื•ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื–, ืื• ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืžื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืžื’ืจืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืคืจ ื•ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืฉื’ืฉื’, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื™ืœืžื“ ืžืŸ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื - ื”ืŸ ืžื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืชื’ืœื• ื‘ื• - ื•ื™ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื•.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืฉืœ ื—"ืง ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื, ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ืงื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—"ืง ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ื—"ืง ืืฃ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืชืŸ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื—"ืง ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช. ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื ืฉืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื”ื”. ื”ื ืคืงืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื ืคืงื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคืจื™ื™ื (ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื) ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื—ื•ื“ืฉื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื‘ ื’ืœืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉ"ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืชื—ืžื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”" ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืœื ื ื•ื”ืœื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ. ืžื”ืฉืชืœืฉืœื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื•ืžื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ื—"ืง ืช"ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืจืžื"ื’. ืขืžื“ืช ื—"ืง ืช"ื ื•ืคื•ืจื•ื ื—"ืง ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื—ืœืช ื—"ืง ืช"ื ืœื‘ื“ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื ืชืง ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืจืžื"ื’ ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืขืžื“ืช ืžืž"ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื• ืœื—"ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืœื” ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื™ืžื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืจื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ -ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื• ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ืืœื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช:
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืกืง ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขื” ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ืืœื” ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื–ื™ืงื” ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื. ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืœื•ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืคื˜ืจ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื ืงืกื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืœืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื”ืืกืžื›ืชื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื ืงืกื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืืจื›ืื™ืช, ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื, ืžืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ืกืฃ ื•ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ.
.(ื) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื 2003 -2007 . ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืจื”"ืจ ื•ื‘ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชืจื• ื”ืขืชืงื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช, ืืš ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืฉื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื”ืชืฉืก_ื— ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื• ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืžื›ืืŸ ื•ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืžื›ืืŸ. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืฉื’ื•ื“ืœื” ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื”"ืจ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ื ืžื›ืจื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื™ ืฉืฆื•ืจืš ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืœืžื”ื“ืจื™ืŸ (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง "ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืชื•ืฆืจืชื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื“ื™ืŸ").
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื”"ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ืžืคืœืก ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื•ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื•ื— ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื, ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื, ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—; ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ื›ืœ ืขื™ืงืจ; ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืคืชื•ืจ ื”ื™ื–ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื•ืช. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื‘ื™ืžื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืžืชื—ืžื™ ื—ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช "ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ืื”ื‘ื”"47 . ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ื•ืื™ืžืชื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ืœืขืŸ ืฉื ืคืขืจ ื‘ื•, ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืžื’ืŸ ืžื‘ื ื” ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื. ืœืœื ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื’ื•ืฃ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš - ืœืงื™ืคืื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื ื”ืžืœื—. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื— ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ื”ื—ืœ ืžืžืจืก 2007 , ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื•ืฉื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืžื•ื›ืจืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื• -ื’'ืจืกื™ ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘, ื‘ืจื™ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงืœืื˜ื™ื•ื“ ื‘ืกืคืจื“. ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืฉื• ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืชื•ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืคืจืกืžื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ48, 49 . ืืฃ ืฉืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -70 ' ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช , ื”ื—ืœื” ืžืข"ืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืชื•ืคืขื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื’ืฉืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืจืง ืžืฉื ืช 1999 . ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืžืข"ืฅ ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2006 , ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืข"ืฅ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื•ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืก' 90 ืžืคื ื™ ื‘ื•ืœืขื ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืื ื™ื”ื™ื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืžืกืคืจ ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช -ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื ื“ืกื™ื™ื
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื›ื•ื ื ื•ื™ื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ -ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 , ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช, ืคื—ืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›-15% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื ื•ืืจ-ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008. 1. ืœืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ืœืกื•ืฃ ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ,207 ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืฆืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื, ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื—ืจื’ื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ื™ืžื™ื. ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื—ืจื’ื• ื ืืžื“ ื‘ - 3,300 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืื•ืœื ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื ื™ื›ืชื” ืžืฉื›ืจื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื“ ืื•ืชื ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื˜ื•ืคืก ืฉืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคื™ืชื—ื” ืžืžืฉืง ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื” ืœืชื›ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืžื ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื•ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื, ืืš ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืขืชื™ืง ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“ ืœื˜ืคืกื™ื ื™ื“ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืœื—ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืžืคื™ืงื” ืืช ืชืœื•ืฉื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื™ื ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืฉืชื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื ื’ืจืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจืช ื•ื”ื”ื–ื ื” ื”ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ืคืชื—ื” ืคืชื— ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืงื˜ืข ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื’' ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื›ื™ ืœืงืจืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ ื•ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2007 ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืœื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืžืกืžืš ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ื‘ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืขืœื•ืช, ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”. ืžืกืžืš ื›ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื’'15 . .ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื, ื•ื›-11.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ื‘ืขื• ืžื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืฆืžื“ื” ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘'. ืื•ืœื ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ืื– ื•ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื“ืื– ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช - ืœื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2007 , ืœื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2008 - ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ืกืš18.7 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื’' ื•ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืžืœื•ื ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืกืคื• ืœืฉืœื‘ ื’', ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
,ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2005 , ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2007 , ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืœื™ืš ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ โ€“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ _ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ_ . ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžืกืš ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2006- 2004 . ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ื› -92 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—22, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช (ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘) ื”ืกืชื›ืž ื• ื‘ื›-84 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื”2 ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื• ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื”. ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ื•ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื› -66 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืœื• "ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2008 ื”ื•ื ื› -201 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—". ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื—ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”- 2000 ., ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื” ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ. ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ ืช ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืชื”ื™ืœ"ื” ื•ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ืจืคืจื ื˜ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ืžืคื•ืฆืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืจื•ืื” ืœืคื ื™ื• ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืง ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืš ื”ืฆื“ืงื”, ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื›ืคืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
. ืขื“ ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ืช 2006 , ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืœื ืคื•ืจื˜ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชืชื™-ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื•, ื•ื”ื ืœื ืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช. ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื 2002 - 2005 ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ืจืง ืชืงื ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืื—ืช: ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ (ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2003 ืžื•ืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ืชืงื ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช "ืžืจื›ื‘"ื” ื•ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ"), ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืž - 2004 ืฆื•ืจืฃ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืชืชื™ -ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื. ืจืง ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2006 ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืชื™-ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ "ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ" ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ "ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื—ืจื•ืช" ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืœื ื ื—ื“ ืžื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื”ื™ื• ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืžื”ื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคืฉืจื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืขื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืกื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ "ืกื›ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”". ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฃ ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืฉืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ื•ืค ืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื‘ืืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืคืฉืจื” ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช, ืืฃ ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื“ืจื’ื™ื ืืœื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืคืฉืจื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ื•ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืžื“ื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืื• ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31_12_07 โ€“ ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืŸ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืื•ืจ ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœ- 31.12.07 .ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืฉืœืžื”
. ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืืงื˜ื•ืืจ ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื ืขืฉื”.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืจื™ื ื” ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ ืจื“ื™ื• ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ื”ืจืืชื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ืฉืœ 322 ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื•ืื˜ ืœืกืž"ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื”ืกืฃ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™. ืžืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืงืจื™ื ื”. ื‘ืกืงืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืงื•ืžื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”, ื‘ื“ื™ืจื” ืžืื•ื›ืœืกืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื• ืช, ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืœ 141 ืžื™ืงืจื• ื•ื•ืื˜ ืœืกืž"ืจ, ืฉื”ื ืกื˜ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื›-15% ืžื”ืกืฃ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืฆืžืช ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 10% .ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžืชืงื ื™ ื’ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืกืœื•ืœืจื™ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื”ืงืžืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ื™ื–ืžื• ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขืœ ื’ื’ ื‘ื™ืชื, ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื’ื’ ื”ืกืžื•ืš ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ืžืชืงื™ื ื™ื ืžืชืงืŸ ื’ื™ืฉื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ืŸ ืขืจื™ื.
.ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉื”ืกืžื™ืš ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ืžื•ืžื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื“ื’ืžื™ืช ืขืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื˜"ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ืกื“ื•ืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” .ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืื›ื™ืคืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืงื ืชืŸ. ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฆืจืคืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืžืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืœืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื• ื›ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืžืชื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื•ื’.
.ืœื ืกื™ื›ื ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ื•ืžืžืฆืื™ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืœืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื”. ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื•ื ืงืจื˜ื™ ืขืœ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืœื ืžืขื ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื“ืข (ืžื”_ื˜) .ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื“ืกืื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ (ื›-74% ) ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืืคืกื™ (ื›ืฉื ื™ ืคืจื•ืžื™ืœ), ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืง 15% ืžื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›-31% .ืžื”ื ืœืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื’ืžืช ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื”"ื˜ ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžื ื”ืœืช ืžื”"ื˜, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”"ื˜, ืขืœ ืžื”"ื˜ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืœื ืžื•ืขื“ืคื•ืช.
ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”"ื˜, ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืืฃ ืœื ื“ืจืฉื” ื–ืืช ืžืžื ื•. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื”"ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื• ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจื›ื–ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืคืขืœื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืคืขืœื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืข_ืž - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2006 ืœื ืžืกืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืžืกืจื” ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”. ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืž"ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื—ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื, ืื• ืžื—ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืชืžื•ืจื” ืื• ื‘ืขื“ ื“ืžื™ ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื™ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœื• ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื—ื›ืจื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื™ 1998 ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉื›ืจืช ืžืชื—ื ื‘ื™ืช ื™ืขืจื™ ืœืฉื•ื›ืจ ื', ื•ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื. ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืก 2001 ืืฃ ื”ืขื™ืจ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ]ื•ื›ื™[ ."ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื’ื•ื—ืš ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืก ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ". ืžืฉื ืช 1999 ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืžื” ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืชื—ื ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื•, ืื• ืœื ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003 ื”ื™ื ืคื ืชื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ืขื” ืœื”ื ืœืฉื›ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ื. ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ืฆืœื—ื•, ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืฉื›ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื–ืžื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื”).
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข, ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ;"ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืขืžื•ืชืช "ืืœืกื ื ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืžืง ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื•; ื•ืขื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื” ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืงื•ื–ื– ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”; ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืฆื ื—ื•ื˜ื ื ืฉื›ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื• ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืืฃ ืžืขื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ื ืฉื•ื‘. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื•ืžื ื› "ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื• ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืกื•ืœื” ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืกืคื™ ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช: ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฅ; ื”ื ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืขื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื; ื•ื”ื ื”ืคึตื™ืจื• ืฉื ื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช - ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื ืชืžื›ื™ื.
ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื˜ื™ื‘ืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื - ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื™ื31 ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืงื• ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืจืงื•ืŸ ืžื–ืจื—ื™ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืœ ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื–ื™ืจื•ื– ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ื•ืœืกืคืง ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ, ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืžืื™ 2005 (ืจืื• ืœืขื™ืœ) ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœืจืžืช ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืฉืœื™ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžื˜"ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื” ืืช ื™ืขื“ื”. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2005 ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2007 ื’ื“ืœื” ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื™ื›ื•ืชื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื›-1% .ื‘ืœื‘ื“
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžื”"ืก - ื™ืฉืชืคื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืชืืžื• ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื›ืคื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉื›ืœื™ - ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ืงืจื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืžื ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื” ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืฆืชื• ื•ื›ืš ืชื™ืคื’ืข ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—. (ื“) ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื™ืจ ื•ืงื‘ื•ืข. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2007 ืœื ืื•ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืืœื™ื•. 2 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืกืงื ื” ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืื—ื–ืงืช ื—ื•ืกื” ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืืœื” ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ื™ื“ ื•ืœื ืžื•ื˜ื”, ืืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื”ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืฉืœืžื” ื•ืœื ืžืงื™ืคื”:
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืžื“ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื–ื• ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืชืจื•ื ืชืจื•ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืžืŸ ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืœื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื•ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืกืง ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื•ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกื™ื, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื• ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช; ื•ื›ื™ ืœืžืคืงื— ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจืš ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœื—ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืขื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืงื™ื•ื ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืจื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืžืขื•ืŸ "ืืœ ื‘ื•ืกืชืŸ", ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ื ื‘ืฆืจ ืžื”ืžืขื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืœื—ื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื .ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1999 ื™ื“ืขื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ื•ืืงืฃ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™"ืก ืขื "ื—. ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืž"ืฆ, ืขื‘ื“ื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ื” ืฉื™ื‘ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉืœื ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื”ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื” ืื•ืฉืจื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจ, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื ืขืกืงื” ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื‘ืขืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ืžืฉื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืž"ืฆ ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจื•ื›ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืžืฉื ืช 2004 ื•ืื™ืœืš ืœื ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื” ืžื ื—"ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก ืขื"ื—, ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืชืขื›ื‘ืช ื•ืœื ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”. ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื—"ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉืช ื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ. ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื”ื’ื” ืž ื ื—"ื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ื ื•ืฉื ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ื”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœื ื ื™ืฆืœื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1988 ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื“ื•ืžื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืชื” ืงืจืงืข. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืงืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื•ืื“ื™ ื’'ื•ื–, ืืš ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืคืงืขื”.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืคืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืœืงืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ืช ื•ืื“ื™ ื’'ื•ื–, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื ืฉื›ื— ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœ ืขื•ื“. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืข ื”ื–ืืช, ืืš ืžื ื—"ื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 .ืฉื ื”
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 1995 ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ื›ืžื” ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-13 ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื ืฉืืจ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื”, ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 , ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ืงื™ื ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืชึธื›ื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืชืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื  ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื” (ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2006 ) ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฆื“ื• ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื ืฆืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื•ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืขื•. ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืชื•ื›ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืคืงื—ื™ื ืื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™, ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื•ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื“ืขืช ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ - 33%-22% ืžื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื”, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช . ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืกื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ.
29% ืžื”ืžืคืž"ืจื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžืคืงื— ื›ื•ืœืœ. ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืคืž"ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืžืคืงื— ื›ื•ืœืœ ( 96% ) ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื”ื ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืœื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื”ื ื™ื‘ื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื—ืจื’ื• ืžื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืฉื ืช 2002 . ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2006 , ืขืœื• ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืกื™ื›ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉ"ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2003, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื›ืืœ, ืžืกืจื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ื’ืฃ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2001 ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื”. ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืืฃ ืœื ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช . ืจืง ืขื ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ื›ืืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 , ื”ืขืœืชื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2001 ื”ื•ืคืกืง. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื“ืจืฉื” ืฉื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื; ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื” ืžื“ืจื™ืฉืชื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกื‘ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื
.ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2001 . ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืœื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžื˜ืขืžื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื’ื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2001 ืžื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื•ืื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจืฉืช, ื•ื ื™ื›ืจ ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืจื™ื ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืœืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืชื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆื™ืขื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉืช, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ื•ื›ืœ ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ื”ืœืš ื•ืชืคื— ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฉืงื™ืข ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืขืœ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืคืขืœ ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ืžื•ืฅ ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆืืชืŸ ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืฉืœืžื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช) .ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื“ื ืžื™ืœืื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืžืฉืจ ื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื“ืง ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืงืฆื” ืœืจืฉืช ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื• ื›ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• - ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืจืฉืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืœืฅ ืื•ืชื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืข ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ. ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืžืฉืจื“ - ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžืžืŸ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” - ืœื ืคืขืœ ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื›ื™ืจ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืืš ื ืชืŸ ืืช ื™ื“ื• ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจืฉืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช, ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืกื—ื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื, ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ื•ืœื”ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื‘ืจืืช ื”ืจืฉืช. ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉืช ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืœืจืฉื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืจืฉืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืืœื” ืืคืฉืจื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื™ืจ. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืจืฉืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื’ื ืœืฆื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืœืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืจืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืืœ"ื› ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืื• ื”ืชืงื ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื™ืงืคื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ื”, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื“ืื–, ื“"ืจ ื™ื’ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื•ื, ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื•, ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ื•ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื•.
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ืคืกื™ืง, ืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื .ื–ืœื™ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ืฉ ืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื”. ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ืชื ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืฉื™ืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื• ื•ืืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ืฆื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ื•ื›ืš ืฉื™ืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ืžืœืื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงื–ื– ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขืงื‘ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื: ื˜ืจื ื ืขืฉื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืงืœื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืชื•. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘-800 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืฉืœื ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื’ื“ืœื”. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื•ืœืคืชื— ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ื‘ืจืช ื“ืจืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ื™ื ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืžืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ื–ื›ืื™ ืœื”ื.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”_ืœ .ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ - ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืฉ - ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื•, ื”ืงืคื“ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ืงืœ ื•ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ืกืฃ ืžื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื›ืžื• ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืกืง ืœืจื•ื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ื›ืกืฃ ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื ื”ืœืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ืœื‘ืงืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช; ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืขืฉื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื, ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื. ืืฉืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื›"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืค"ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ื›ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืชื’ืœื•, ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืค"ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื”ื•ื•ื” ืชื ืื™ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื; ืชืขืจื•ืš ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื; ื•ืชืคืขืœ ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื•ื‘ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ื ืชื•ืŸ. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื, ืฆื”"ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืžืืจื’ื ืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืค"ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื ืฉืžืืจื’ื ืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžื•ืค"ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืช"ืฉื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ื’ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื•ืž"ืŸ ืœืจืืฉื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฉืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœ ืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื•ืž"ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื, ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื“ืจื’ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื: ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืชื ื• ืžื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉื•ื ื”, ื’ื ืื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืื•ืชื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื•ืž"ืŸ ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกื— ืœื ืื—ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืกืชืžื™, ื›ืžื• "ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“". (ื) ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2006 ื•ืขื“ ืžืื™ 2008 ืžื™ื ืชื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™, ื”ื ืžื ื•ืช ืขื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™, ื› -40 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™, ืžืจื‘ื™ืชื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช. ืขืœ ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ื’ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžื“ื™ื ื™. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ืฉืœืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื• ืžื•ื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืกืง ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืž ื™ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™, ื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื ืื•ืชื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืืฃ ืžื™ืœืื• ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ; ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ืžื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ืž"ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžืชืื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื—ื“ื™ื ืžืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืžื•ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ื™ืจืช ืข ืžืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืื ืœื“ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื. ื–ืืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื™ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื™ืืœืฅ ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจื• ืœืืจืฅ. ื”ื—ื–ืจืช ืฉืœื™ื— ืœืืจืฅ ืžื•ืชื™ืจื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืœื ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืฉืœื™ื— ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื›ื“'.
ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจืก ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชื•ืงืฃ. ื•ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ื’ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืืš ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื”ื ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืจืก ืœืื— ืจ ืฉื™ืฆื‘ืจื• ืืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืชืง ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ 12 ืฉื ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœ ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื•ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืžื’ืขื™ื ืขื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžืชื, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ื•ืž"ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ื‘ื”ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž (ื‘) ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ืžืชื•ืš ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืจื›ื” ืกื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื. . ,ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืžืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ืื–, ืžืจ ืืจื™ื” ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฆื•ืžืช ืจื—ื•ื‘ ื ืก ืœื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืžืช ืขืฆืžื•.
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืคืขืœื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ 2. ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืžืจ ืจืื•ื‘ืŸ ืฆื“ื•ืง ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื–ื”12 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช ืžืืคืจื™ืœ 19976 . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื›ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืžืฉืจืชืช ืืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื”ืื ืœื ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ืฉืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืœื•ื ื”ืืกืžื›ืชื•ืช ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื: ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืชื, ื•ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ื ื‘ื—ืจ.
. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2002 ื”ืชืžื ื” ืžืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื“ ื˜ื•ืงืจืกืงื™ ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืžืจืก 2005 ื”ื•ื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ืžืื– ื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชืžื ื” ืœื›ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ื•"ืจ ืžืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืฉื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ื”. ืื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืื’ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ืื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆืข ืžืฉืงืฃ ืขืจืš ืฉืœ 65,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื“ื™ืจื”; ืืœื ืฉืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-35,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื” (ืœืคื™77 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช). ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ืžื—ื™ืจ ื–ื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ืขื“ ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื›-20,520 ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื“ื™ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื› - 1.58 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ, ืฉื”ื ื›-68% .ืžื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008 ืœื ืกื™ื›ืžื• ื—ืœืžื™ืฉ, ืžืž"ื™ ื•ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื.
1. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืคืจ ืฉืœื ื›ืžืฉืง ืกื’ื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืž"ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื–ื•, ืœื ื”ื•ืขืจื›ื• ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช, ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื”ืงืฆืืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื .4. ,ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขืžื™ื“ืจ (ืื™ื™ืœื•ืŸ ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ื ืชื ื™ื”) 33 ืž-123 ( 26.8% ) ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืคืœืฉื• ืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฉืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘-15 ืžื”ื (ื›-45%.) ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื—ืœืžื™ืฉ, ื‘ืžืื™ 2008 ื”ื™ื•46 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืขืฉืจ ืžื”ืŸ ( 22% .) ื”ืคืœื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™ืจืขื• ืžืฉื ืช 1988 ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข 2007 . ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•. ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื ืžืฆื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืื—ื“. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืคื’ื•ื. 1. ืž-43 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉืฉืœื—ื” ืขืžื™ื“ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจืง 15 ( ืžื”ืŸ35% ) ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขืžื™ื“ืจ - ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช; ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœ-19 ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช (ื› -44% ) ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืฉืข (21% )- .ืืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”, ืขื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื 2. ื‘ื—ืœืžื™ืฉ ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืž-17 ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืกื•ืฃ ืžืื™ 2008 : ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ (ื›-40% )- ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช; ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ - ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื’ืฉืชืŸ, ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื (ื›- 20% )- ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ11 ื•-19 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœืขืชื™ื ื ื’ืจื ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ืœื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืืฉืจ. ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ืžืฉืš ืœืขืชื™ื ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืชืฉืข ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื•
ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื›ืื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืคื•ืจืขื ื•ืช; ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืœืžืช ืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืœื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื ืชื™ืืœืฅ ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื’ืจืžื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” . ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงืฆื•ื‘ ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ. ืื ื™ื—ืœ ื™ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืจื™ืš ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1995 ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ "ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ". ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉ -13 ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ืงืคื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ืชืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ื’ื ืœืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™. ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ 20 ืฉื ื” ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ ื•ืชื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื›ืจื– ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืขืจื›ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืžืื™ื.
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืžืฉืœื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืœื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.
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ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื .ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืขืœื™ื” ื—ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ, ื—ืชืžื• ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ืกื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ื“ืฉ, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 29.553 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 , ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืงื•. ื›ืšื”ืชื ื”ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืœื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช. ืจืง ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008 , ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช
. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008 ื›ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืงื• ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2014, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ( 2008 .)
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืžืกื—ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื™ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืจื•ืื” ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื•ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื; ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื” ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื, ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืœื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉืื” ืื—ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ืชืœื•ืช ื–ื• .
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืจื•ื‘ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืžืกื—ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ื', ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื'. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” .ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ืกื•ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื”ื’ื” ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื” ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœื”ื. .ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืžื, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”. ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื“ืื– ืœื ืžืกืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขื ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืขืžื ืœืฉื ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช; ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื“ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืœื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ - ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”, ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ืคืขืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืชืฉืž"ื”- 1985 ื•ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘- 1992 ื•ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœืžื” ืœืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ืžืื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื•. ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2008 - ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ื” - ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืคืจืฉื• ืœื ื™ื•ืขืกืงื• ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ืื ื›ืŸ ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืคื” ืขืฉืชื” ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื–ืืช, ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืคื•ืจืฉ ื' ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืชืช "ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช" ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืกื™ื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ื”ื•ื ืจืฉืื™ ืœืชืช ืœื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2009 ื”ืคื•ืจืฉ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืชื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืื—ืจืช, ื‘ืชื•ื ืœื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจืฉื ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื• ื–ืืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืœื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืžืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœื™ืœืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ื•ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืขื“ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื ื‘ื“ืงื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืœืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. (ื) ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื, ืคืจื•ืค' ืจื•ื˜ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื’ืจื˜ื ืจ ื‘ืข"ืž, ื•ืืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืžื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืข ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื”"ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืข"ืž. (ื‘) ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื—ืœืงื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉื™ื‘ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืคืข ื™ืœื•ืชื ืžืžื•ืžื ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช - ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื˜ืขื•ืช.
(ื) ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืชืœ -ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืฉื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช "ืคืจืงื˜ื™ืงื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช" ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช (ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืฉืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช). (ื‘) ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 -2006 ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช- ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืคืจื•ืค' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืชื— ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื•ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ื•ืœื ืงื™ื“ื ื’ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืืกืคืงืช ื›ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช.
ืžืŸ ื”ื ืืžืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืงื•ืคื•ืช ื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืืกืคืงืช ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื›ื™ื. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008 , ืœื ืงื™ื“ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืืกืคืงืช ืื‘ื™ื–ืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื, ืœื ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืœืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœ ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœื›ืš ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช; ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืื—ืจืช (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ).
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื›ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื• ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืœืื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ืœืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ื•ืœืฆืจืฃ ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื“ื ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืื ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื•, ืื• ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื›ืจื– ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ืช ( Turn Key).( ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉื ืงื˜ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื›ืจื–, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืœื•ืช ืœืชื›ื•ืœื” ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ ' ืœืฉื ื™ื 2007 -2008 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœื•, ื•ืฉืชืžื•ืจืชื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฉืœื ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฆืžืฆืžื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืฉืœื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘': ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืž - 2004 ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ื‘ืชื•ื ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืชื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ืช ืžืก ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื“ื•ื— ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ื™ืืฉืจื• ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžื”", ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 2007 ื•- 2008 .ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืœืžืขืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื›ืŸ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ ื™ื”ื ื” ืž ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืฉืžืœื›"ืจ ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ืŸ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื• ืžืœื›"ืจ ื•ืœื ืขื•ืกืง, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืฉื”ื ืื” ื–ืืช ืžื•ืฉื’ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื’ื ื™ื, ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืž ืคืขื ืœืคืขื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื›ืจื–, ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืžืœื›"ืจื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืœื ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžื ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื›ืœืฉื”ื™, ื•ืœื• ืขืงื™ืคื”, ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžื–ื›ื™ืจ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ืžืจืืฉ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืกื›ื ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื• ืขื ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืš ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื–.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืจืคื•ืื™ ื•ืกื™ืขื•ื“ื™ โ€“ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ืจืจื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื›ื™ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื ืคื’ืขืช ื•ื›ื™ ืขื™ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจ"ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืืฆื™ืœืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื• - ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื• ืœืžืชืจื—ืฉ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื•ืช - ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš.
ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืขืจืš ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืจืฆื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืงืฉื” ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื ื”ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืืจืฆื™ืช. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืืžื ื ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื• ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืืš ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืงืจื‘ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื ื‘ืคืจื˜; ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืค ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืื• ื™ืฆืื• ืœื’ืžืœืื•ืช; ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื; ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื; ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื™ื“ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืกื‘ื‘ ืžืฉืžืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ,ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืจืคื•ืื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื ืจืคื•ืื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื”ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืœื™ืก ืฉื‘ืกื•ืจืืกืงื™, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื˜ืจื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืชืคืขื•ืœ ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉื™ื•ืชืื ืœืžืขืžื“ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื™ื•ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืชืคื•ืกืช ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ืชืงืŸ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื™ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื• ื”ืชืงื ื™ื, ื™ื•ืจื—ื‘ื• ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื•ื™ืฉื•ืคืจื• ืชื ืื™ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื–. ื–ืืช ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืืฉืคื– ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ืืฉืคื•ื– ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื ืื™ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื•ืœื“ื•ืช.
ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 , ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ืงืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืืฃ ืœื ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช (ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืื• ืžื‘ืงืจ ืคื ื™ื ืื• ืฉื ื™ื”ื).
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ื›ื ื™ื (ืฉืข_ื) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉืข"ื ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืชืงืฆื‘ื•. .ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืฆืจ ื›ืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉืข"ื ื•ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืข "ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื˜ื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื ืชื— ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืข"ื ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ืžืงื™ืคื”, ื•ื™ืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื•ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืข"ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ืฉืข"ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืคืช"ื—, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘; ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืืช ืฉืœืžื•ืชื ื•ืืช ืืžื™ื ื•ืชื; ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืก ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืงื•ื“ื™ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื” ืื•ืชืจื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื: ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืื•ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื ื• ืœืžืขืจื›ืช10 ; ืœื ืคื•ืชื—ื• ืฉืื™ืœืชื•ืช ืœื›ืจื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืงื•ื“ื™ืคื™ืงืฆื™ื”; ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2005 ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืœืžืื’ืจ ืฉืข "ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฉื”ืช ืงื‘ืœื• ื™ื“ื ื™ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœื ืžื•ืœืื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืงืขืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื ืžื•ืžืฉื”.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ .ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื›ืก ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื‘ื•ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื”ื™ืฆื•ื, ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื•ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื—ื ื™. ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช - ื”ืื’ืฃ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ื“ืง, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช; ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืก ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื; ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืคืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ื ืŸ. ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืขื ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืก ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ืœืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื. ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื›ื™ "ืขื ื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืืจืฆื™ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืก"; ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขืจื” ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื›ืš ืฉื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื•ืฉื "ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืžื›ืก".
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื•ืช ื”ืกืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ืกืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืจื‘ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื›ืš.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ืžืงื” ื›ื™ืื•ืช, ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื”; ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื•. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืงืŸ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืกืคืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“.
ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื›ืžืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื” ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ื— ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคื–ื” ื•ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื– (ืจืื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื .ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื˜. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืœื™ื ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืื‘ื“ื ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ื’ื ื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื“ืจื™ ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืคืจื™ื˜ื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ื›ืืœื” ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืขื“ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื, ื›ื’ ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™, ืœืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืžืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืฉืœื—ื• ืžืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื›"ื“ื•ืืจ ืจืฉื•ื", ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืขื“ื, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006 -2007 , ื”ื™ื” 194 ; ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ืœืงื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืคืงืช ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ืื• ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืื™ืœื• ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื ืื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ.
.ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื“ื•ืืจ ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืŸ ืจืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื•ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’ ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื”ืžืื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืžืžื•ืงื“ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ .ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืงื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2005 , ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ืœื ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื—ืจ - ืœืคืชื— ืืช ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ. ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื–ืžื ื™. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืคืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื›ืš, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื ื‘ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืงืฆืื” ืœืคืจื•ื™ ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื: ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื•ืš ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ; ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื; ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื›ืš ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ืœื ื”ืœ, ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื—ืœื” ืชืคื ื™ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘. ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2005 , ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 17 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—; ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื“ -ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ืช 2007 ; ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื‘ืœื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื•ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื› -139 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘. ื”ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ืœื ืœื•ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘ ืคื—ืชื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช, ืžืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืœื ื’ื‘ ื•ืœื’ืœื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ื•ืงื ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืชื ื”ืœ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืื•ืคื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืชืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘; ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื’ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืงืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ืคืขืœ ืœื”ื’ืฉืžืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืชื•, ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืžืชื•ืขื“, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืžืฉืจื“. ืขืชื” ืžืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ โ€“ ื‘ื ืง ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 , ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœื›ื ืก ืืกืคืช ื ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืืกืคื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืคื™ืจื•ืงื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืคืจืง. ื”ื•ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืืกืคื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืจืง ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ื›ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืžืžืจืก 2008 ., ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช.
.ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2004 ื•- 2005 , ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005 ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2006 (ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื), ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ื›ืœืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ - ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืžืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2005 ืœื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื•ื™ืฉืงืฃ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื•, ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
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ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื โ€“ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื›ืœืœื” ื ืฉ"ืž ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขืœื ืžืŸ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ ืžื˜ื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ื” ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื–ื™ืงื” ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื• ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ื ืฉ"ืž ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื•ืช.
.ืขืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื—ื“ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื—ืจ ืชื•ืš ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื”, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ื ื”ืจื—ืคื ื™ื - ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืช"ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช .ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืก ืขืœ ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ ืจื—ืคื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืขื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืื•ื›ืคืŸ .ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ .ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™. .ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2019 ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2020 ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ .ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืช"ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช. ืจืช"ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช .ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืื•ื™ืฉื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืจื—ืคื ื™ื, ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื .ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ื“ืจืฉ ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช, .ืืกื“ืจืชื™ื™ื ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื˜ื™ืก ืžื ืžื™ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ืก. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช .ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืกืช ื˜ื™ืกื ื™ื ื•ืจื—ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื .ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. .ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืช"ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘/254 ืœื ืžื•ืžืฉื”. ืขื“ .ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2020 ,ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืจื—ืคื ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจ ืœืœื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ : .ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืจื—ืคื ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื™ื ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ .ื”ื˜ืกื”. ื›ืš ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืงืคื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื—ืคื ื™ื.
.ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืฉื‘"ื› ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• .ื›ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืชื• ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2018 .
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื›-35% ืžืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš .ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื•, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืš .ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื“ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื: ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” - .ื”ืžืกืžื™ืš ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืœืงืจืงืข, ื•ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื .ืืœื”; ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” - ื”ืžืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื, .ื•ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ืื•ืชื ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื ื .ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื, ืืš ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื•ื˜ืœ .ื‘ืกืคืง ื‘ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช .ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช (ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืชืž"ื 35 ), ื™ืฉ ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” .ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื. .ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฆื™ื™ื ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ื™ืžืกื“ื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืขื™ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ .ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื. ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ .ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื›ืจื™ืข ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช .ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืฉืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ืžืชืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื - ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ ื .ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื 17 , ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” - ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช .ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื™ื™ืฉืงืœื• ื’ื ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ .ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
.ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืกืจื” ืžืคืงื“ืช ืžืชื"ื ืคืฆ"ืŸ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืื™ 2020 ื›ื™ ื›ืœ .ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื›ืชื‘ ืื–ื”ืจื” .ื•ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
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ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื-ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื . ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ืœืš ืœืื•ืžื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ, ื‘ืขืœ .ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื”ื ื’ื‘ ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ืฆื”" ืœ ื’ื•ืคื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช .ื•ื™ื•ืกืจื• ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” .ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื” ืžืขื ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ .ื”ืงื‘ืข ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืฆืœื— ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘. ื ื•ื›ื— .ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2020 ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืœ 6.7 ,ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— .ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื™ืคืขืœ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข .ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื” ืžืขื ื” ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช .ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื™ืขืœื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. . . ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘ (ื‘ืฉื ื™ื2026 ืขื“2027 ื•-2024 , ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”) ื”ื™ื .ืžื”ืœืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™, ืžื ื™ืข ื•ืžื—ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื ื’ื‘28 . ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ื’ืข .ืœื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื’ื‘ .ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื–ื•ืงื• ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื•, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืื™ื›ื•ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื’ืช .ื”ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื”ื  ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžื”ืœืš .ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื ื’ื‘ ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ืข .ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ื ื’ื‘. .ืžื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 201129 ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกืจืช .ื—ืกืžื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช, ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื˜ืจื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” .ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืขื ื” ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ .ื”ืงื‘ืข. ื›ืœ ืฆื“, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, .ืžืชื‘ืฆืจ ื‘ืขืžื“ืชื•, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. .ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” .ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื›ื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘. ื ื•ื›ื— .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืขื‘ืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ืœื ื’ื‘ ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžืžื”ืœืš ืœืื•ืžื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ, ื”ืžื’ืœื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• .ืžืคื’ืฉ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ื‘ ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื .ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžื’ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉืŸ. ื›ืš .ืชื™ืกืœืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื’ื‘.
.ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืื‘ืŸ ืฉื•ืื‘ืช ืœืžืฉืจืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ .ื•ืงืจื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• .ืœื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช .ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื ื’ื‘ ืœื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื .ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื” ืขืช ื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืž"ืŸ ื•ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื’ื‘ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2024 ืขื“2027.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž . ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื ื”ืœ ื–ื” ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื”, ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืจืฅ 2018 ื•ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืฃ .ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2018 , ื”ืชื ื”ืœ ืฉืœื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื: (ื) ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ .ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื - ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, .ื”ื’ื ืฉื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ; (ื‘) ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื ื™ืงื•ื“, ืฉื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืŸ ื–ื•ืžืŸ .ืžื ื”ืœ ื—' ืœืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื”ื•ื ื ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” .ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื .ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ื ื’ื–ืจื™ื ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื; ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข .ืœืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ .ื ื•ื›ื— ืกืคืงื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืชืข"ื ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช .ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืชื•ืจ, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืชื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช .ืฉืชื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”.
. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื˜', ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ .ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2018 , ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœืชืข"ื ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช2016 ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ .ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืงืžืชื• - ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2018 - ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืขืกืง ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื .ื”ื”ืกื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™, ืžื ื”ืœ ื™"ื‘, ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช .ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2018 , ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืชืข"ื ื‘ืžืจืฅ2018 ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืืฃ .ืฆื•ืจืฃ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื” ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื .ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื• ืืจื‘ืขื” .ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ืื—ืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” (ืจืื• ื‘ืœื•ื— 4 .)
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื›ื™ ื‘-90% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืฉื ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื•. ื‘ืฉืœ .ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ, ื‘ื“ื’ืฉ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช .ืœืžืคืงื“ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืจื”"ืŸ ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” .ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืžืฉืœ ื“ื•ื— ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืชื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืงื‘"ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ืขื“ .ืืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ืก ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฆืชื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืข ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ .ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขื ืžืคืงื“ื™ื”ื ื•ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืžืจื•ืชื. .ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ืจื”"ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” , ืจืื•ื™ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” .ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื›ืฉื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื›ืคืœืช .ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืœืžืœืฉ"ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 17 ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื™ืœื™ื“ื™ 2002 ( 2.7% ) . ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื™ืœื™ื“ื™1997 ( 1.3% .)
. ื ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื–ื• ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื›ื™ "ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืืžืช ืฉืœ .ื’ื™ืœ 17.4 , ืฉื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืชื—ื–ื™ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื—ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื› - 2,000 ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช . ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘". ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืื›"ื, "ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ]ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื[ . ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ2002 ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ]ื‘ืชื•ื ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื[ , ืื ื• ืฆื•ืคื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื ืชื•ืŸ ื™ืกืชื™ื™ื .ื›- 9.6% ", ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›-6% .ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”_ ืžืคื™ืงื” ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืก ื•ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืก ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืื‘ืง ื–ื” ื™ื–ืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ "ืžืขื•ืช ืฆื“ืง". ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ืกืก ื•ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”, ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืื•ืชื ืœืจืฉืช ื”ืžืก ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ. ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ืช. ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ื”ื’ืช ืœื”ืกืชื™ืจ ืืช ืจื›ื•ืฉื”, ืืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื” ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ืžื‘ืฆืข "ืžืขื•ืช ืฆื“ืง" ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืจืคื”. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื”, ื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ืกื•ืก ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื”ื, ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืจืชืขื”, ืœืกื’ื™ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืก ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืจืง ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช, ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื”. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื ื’ื“ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืžืก, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ื—ื™ ื“ืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื” ืฉืชื˜ืคืœ, ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ , ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื‘ื” ืžืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข: ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืืชืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ืกื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืžืก ื›ื›ืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ื ืื—ืจ. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” - ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœืงื•ื™, ืื™ -ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืืœื” ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื—ื˜ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื•ืืฃ ืœื”ื—ืœืฉืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื. .ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื™ื ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื˜ื‘ืขื™ืช ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื™ื”ืœื•ื, ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื”ืžืื•ืจื’ื ืช, ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืคืฉื™ืขื”,
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžืก, ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœื”ื•ื›ื—ืช ืขื™ืกื•ืงื ื•ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉื•ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžืก ืืžืช. ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื” ืžื ื™ืขื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ ืืฉืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืคืช ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืขื“ ืœืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž ื•ืฉื—_ืž ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื—ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื”ื• ืฆื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช (ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ) ื“ืื–, ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืžืžืืจืก 2014 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื—ื ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืœืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ืœืœ. ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื•ืœื.
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื’' ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ืืš ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ ืช. ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืžืžื™ืœื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื ื“ื ื” ื‘ื”, ืœื ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ื” ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืขืกืง ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื’' ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ืœื”ืขืกืงืชื• ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื ื•ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื”. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ, ืชื”ื™ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืœื ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื”ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
.ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืก ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ 168 , ,ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืฉื™ื‘ื” ืœืืจืฅ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื ืจื—ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœ ื”ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื—ืœืœ ื”ืจื™ืง. ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื‘, ื‘ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืžืงืœื˜ื™ ื”ืžืก. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืื™ืกื• ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื—ื“ืจืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืคืฉืข. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœืงื“ื ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงืจื” ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืืช ื”ืชืืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”- OECD , ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืื• ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื“ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื•. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื "ื— ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื "ื—, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืชืžืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืœืœื ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008 , ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื , ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจื• ืขืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื "ื— ืื• ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฆื•ืจืš.
.ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืจื“. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”. ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื "ื— ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื, ืื• ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช, ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . _ืงื• ื”ืฆื“ืง_ ื•ื’ืžื•ืœ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘_ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ_ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืกื•ืฃ ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืžื•ืกืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. .ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืžื•ืงื“ "ืงื• ื”ืฆื“ืง" - ืžื•ืงื“ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืก. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ื•ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฆืžื” ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื•. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืชืคื” ืืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืข"ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื”ืขืฉื™ืจื•. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื• ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื–ืจืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื“ื”. ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ืžื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืขื ื™ืง ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืข ื’ืžื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ืžืื•ื“ - ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ืื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื• ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื•ื ืœืงื•ื™, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ืžืก ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื’ืžื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืžื ื• ื•ืœืขืจื•ืš ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื’ืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘_ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ_ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2013 , ืžืชื•ืš335 ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข "ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ -166 ืขื•ืกืงื™ื (ื› - 50% ). ืžืชื•ืš 307 ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข"ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ -136 ืขื•ืกืงื™ื (ื›- 44% .) ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืคืŸ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื ื’ื“ ื”ืขื• ืกืง, ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืžื›ื™ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ืœืคื ื™ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช; ืขืœื™ื” ืœื ื”ืœ ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ; ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœืชืช ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉื ื—ืงืจื• ื•ืฉื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืก, ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ-ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื•ื•ื” ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืœืงื“ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข "ื ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืก ื•ื”ืžืข"ื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืก ื•ืžืข"ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื”, ื•ื’ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืข"ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช (ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช) ืฉืœ ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืžืข"ื. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื—ืชื™ืจื” ืœืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื - ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืžืก ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื - ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืœื›ืœืœ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืชื•ืคืขืช ื’ื ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืชื’"ืจ ื”ื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœืžืขื‘ืจื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื•ืืœืคื™ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉ"ืค. ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืงื‘ืข ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื™ "ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื•ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื•ื ื”". ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื•ืขื ืจืžื™"ื, ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื’ื ื•ื‘ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื—ืœืคื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. ื•ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืžืฆื‘ื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืืชื’"ืจ ื•ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ื™ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื ืžื ื™ืข ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื™ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”, ื”ืืกื“ืจื” ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžื ื™ืข ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื–ื”, ืื™ื ื ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ืื• ืœื”ืคื—ืชื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืฉืœ ื’ื ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจืชื ืœื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื ืฉืงืคืช ืกื›ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืžืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืœ ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื•ื ืจื‘, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืžืขื“ื™ืคื™ื ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ืจืš ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืœื”ืœื›ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืœืฉืงื ืื•ืชื, ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ื” ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื• ืŸ ืคื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืืชื’"ืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื, ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื–ื” - ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืื—ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” - ื•ืื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืื—ืจ. ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืคืช ืจื•ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ, ืกื•ื—ืจื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื›ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื™ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื” ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื, ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื‘ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฆื™ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืœืื•ืจ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ.
ืœืฉืžืฉ ืชื— ืœื™ืฃ ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืื”"ื”, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืžืขืœื™ืžื™ ื”ืžืก ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืฆื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื•ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœื ื™ื ื•ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืœื‘ื™ื ื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืืคื•ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ . ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืคืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืœืื” .
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื—"ื™, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืชื“ื•ืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ ื‘-28 ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื27 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ื– ืื• ืื’ืฃ, ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืชืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื• ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื, ืชืงื‘ืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ืžืชืื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืื• ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ื– ืื• ืื’ืฃ; ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื, ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ืžืง ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื ืชื”ื™ื™ื ื” ื›ืืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื™ื•"ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 , ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื”: "ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชื•ืกื™ ืฃ ื•ืชืคืขืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืœืงื” (ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ), ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•/ืื• ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ ื•ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉืžื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื" (ื”ื”ื“ื’ืฉื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ). ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื—"ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ืขื“ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื—ื•ื–/ืื’ืฃ ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื›"ืื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืžื”ืžื›"ืื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื–ืืช - ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืœื—ืฆื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืขืœ ื”ืžื›"ื ืฉืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื›"ื.
.ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื—ืœืงื” (ืื• ืื•ืชื• ืื–ื•ืจ), ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืื• ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช , ืื• ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื”ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื™ืฉืคื™ืขื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื ืื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืžืขืช. ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื— "ื™ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœืืœื• ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ืื• ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช - ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืชื ื•ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื .ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืงืจืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ืจืชื ืœืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœ ื ืจืง ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื. ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืœืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืกื“ื•ืจ ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžืฉืจื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” , ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื™ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ืืžื•ืŸ.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช , ื›ื™ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉืื—ื™ื• ืžื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื• ืžื™ ืฉื“ื•ืจื’ ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ืจื’ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ , ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืงืœื˜ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืœื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื’ื‘' ืงืจืžืจ ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช . ื–ืืช - ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ืžืœ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื•ืช, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ื‘ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื .ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฆื˜ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืœ. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื• ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—, ื›ื™ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืจืขื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืœื” ื”ื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืืœื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืžืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช, ืืœื ืฉื’ื ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ ืžืœื™ืฆืงื™, ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ื ื•ืข, ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ. ืžืกืงื™ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ืขื™ื“ืŸ: ืž ืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืขื™ื“ืŸ, ืžืจ ืžืจื“ื›ื™ ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื•ืžืจ ื™ื•ืกื™ ื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื—ื™ื™ื ื. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ืœ-13 ืžืชื•ืš29 ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ืœื—ืœืงื ื™ืฉ ืงืจื‘ื” ืžืฉืคื—ืชื™ืช ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืขื™ื“ืŸ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื’ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื–ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืชืฉืขื” ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื›ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ, ืฉืœ ืžืจ ืคื ื—ืก ืขื™ื“ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื” ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืงืจื‘ื” ืฉืœื• ืืœื™ื”ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื–ื• ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžืกืชื›ื ืžืกืคืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ -15 ืœืคื—ื•ืช (ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืจืขื™ื™ื).
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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž - ื’ื™ื•ืก ื•ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ื™ืคืœื” ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ืืฃ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืฆื•ืžืฆื ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžืฉืค ื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื ืคืชืจื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืจื‘ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืืกื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. .ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื, ื›ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ื—ืœืงื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื™ืจื“ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžืื™ 2013 , ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช315 ืงืฉืจื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืž- 2,734 ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื› - 11% ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”; ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื™ืจื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื ืจื’ื™ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื‘ืจ ื•ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืขืชื™ื“ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœืชืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืกืงื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื’ื ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื”ืงืžืช ืงืจืŸ ืืฉืจืื™.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” 4095 ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืกืงืจื™ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืืกืคืงืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ื›ืจื™ื™ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืžื“ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ. ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื• ืขืœ ืื“ื ื™ื ืžื•ืฆืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืฉืœื, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื˜ื— ืฉื™ื•ื ื—ื• ืœืคื ื™ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ื—ืฆื™ื‘ื”, ืชื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื, ืฉืงื•ืคื™ื ื•ื™ืฉื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ืืช ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžืชื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจ. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื•ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจ, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื•ืžืื•ื–ื ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืงืฆื‘ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืืฃ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื, ืืช ื“ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœืืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืืชืจื™ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ืžื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืคืจื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืฉืœื›ืช ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืชืจื™ื ืœื ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืืชืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืชืฉืชื™ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื‘ืœ ืœืืชืจื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืชื˜ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ - 2002 ืœื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ืชื—"ืฆ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื›ืžื˜ืจืช-ืขืœ ืืช ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืืžืฆืขื™ ืชื—"ืฆ ืœื ื•ื—ื•ืชื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื’ืจื ืœื• ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืคื•ืกื” ื‘ืจืง"ืœ, ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงืจืืช ืืžืฆืข 2013 ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืœืื”, ืœืื ื•ืชืจื” ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ืืœื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื, ืฉืชืคืขื•ืœื ื’ืžื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืจืง"ืœ. ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช (ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื–ื™ื›ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื•ืžืกื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืขื™ืจ)10.
ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื“ืื’ ืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกืขื™ืคื™ ืื™-ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืกืจื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืชื ืชื•ืฉืœื ื”ืชืž"ื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2014 , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืกื™ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”.
.ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื, ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ื”ื, ื”ืขืœืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ, ื”ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืœืžืจื›ื–. ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื”ื•ื›ื ื” "ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ" ื•ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœื” 27.5 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ืœืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื; ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื›ืš ื”ื•ืงืฆื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืฆืจื™ืš ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื. ื”ืงืžืช ืžืกื™ืœื” ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ, ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจื•ืช "ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง", ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื, ืืš ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงืžืชื” ื ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื–ื• ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™. ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ - ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ื ืจืฆื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ืฉืชื™ืช, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื•ืœื, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืกืชืžื ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื™ -ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืš, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืœืฉื ืก ืžื•ืชื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืงื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืงืžืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ืจื›ื‘ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืื™ื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื_ ืœืคื™ ืชืจืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื”ืจื• ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื”ืœ; ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœื”; ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืžึผื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื• ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื’ื ื›ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื”. ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื•ื ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื” ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื–ื› ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก, ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื’ื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืขื ื–ื›ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื”ื•ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœ ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืื– ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืงืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ื•ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื• ืคืขืœ ืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ืœืขื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืงืžืชื• ื•ื”ืคืขืœืชื• . ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื— 60 ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื–ื•ืžืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืกืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืกืžื™ืš ืื•ืชื• ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื - ืฉื‘ื• ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ - ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ืคืจื“ืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื™ืคื’ืข, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื™ืฉืžืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื” ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
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ืงืจืŸ ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืœื ื ืžืฆืื” ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœื—ื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื ืœื’ืžืœื” ืื• ืœื”ื˜ื‘ื” ืื—ืจืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื•ืืช ืžืฉื›ื. .ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคืจืกื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื—ืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื”: ื”ื•ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ "ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ืื”", ื•ื›ืš ืืœืคื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืžืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช "ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™" ื–ื›ืื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืœื’ืžืœื”; ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”; ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ืžืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข, ื•ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืœืจืฉื•ืช; ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื”, ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืžืจื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš; ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืœื’ืžืœื” ื”ืชืงืฆืจ; ื•ืชื•ืงื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืžื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉื ืช 2010 . ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื’ืžืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืžืฉื•ืคืจืช ืฉืชืกืคืง ืืช ืฆืจื›ื™ื”. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื’ืžืœื” ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืชืจื‘ื• ื”ืชื‘ื™ืข ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ืžืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื. ื’ื™ืœื ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ื›-80 , ื’ื™ืœ ืžืชืงื“ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžืจื‘ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฉื˜ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื’ืžืœื” ื•ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื ื•ืชื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื”ื ื’ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื•ื›ืš ื™ืชืงืฆืจ ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืช ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืงื‘ืœืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช - ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช "ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ", ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืจื‘ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ืž ื ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื—ื“. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืื’ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืคื™ืขื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืื’ืคื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื.
ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ - ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ - ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืžืชื›ืœืœ ืฉืื—ืจืื™ ืœืžืขืงื‘, ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืœื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื’ืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืงื“ื.
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