tree
stringlengths
23
107k
โŒ€
conc
stringlengths
71
2.77k
โŒ€
doc_id
int64
0
1.11k
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ืงืžื” ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืคืืจืงื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื” ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื“ื ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืš ื ื•ืขื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืืœื” ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ื›ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืื’"ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืื–"ืค ืœื”ืฉืœ ืžืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืคืืจืงื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘, ืขืœ ืžืื–"ืค ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ. ื‘ื›ืš, ื™ื•ืคื ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืื–"ืค ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฉืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืขื“, ื•ื™ื–ืžื™ื ืœื ื™ื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืœื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขืชื™ื“ื™.
ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ื” ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื”ืจืฉืื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืงืจืงืข ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื•ื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืื–"ืค. ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื ืคื’ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื–"ืค ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
187
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžืฉืงืœื•ืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ - ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื›ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืชื“ืœื•ืง ื•ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืคืขื ื‘ืฉื ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื‘ื•ื“ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื ืขื“ืจ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื•. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื“ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืžื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืœืžื›ืœื™ืช ื›ืชื ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืจืง ื ื“ื‘ืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื”ืŸ ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ 35 . ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช, ื‘ืขืฆื” ืื—ืช ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื”ืกืžื›ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช, ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ื‘ืžืœ"ืค, ื’ื ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืฉืง.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘. ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ื ืืžืจ29 : "ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืืžืฆืขื™ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื”ืžืคืงื— ืกื•ืžืš ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ื•ื ื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืœื ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืืช ื”ืžืื–ื ื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—". ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื‘ืจืจ ืขื ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”-, OIML ื”ืื ื ื”ื•ื’ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื“ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช ื›ื™ื•ืœ ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ืžื“ื™ื“ื” ืœืœื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”.
188
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื—ื "ื— ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื• ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื” ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื“ืœื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืž"ืก ื’ื ืœืจื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืจื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื—ื "ื— ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื—ื•ืž"ืก ื‘ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื ืžืœ ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื“ื“ื™ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืคืงื• ืžื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื“ืจื™ืš ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื ืžืœ, ืืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื ืžืœ ื•ืืช ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื‘ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืขืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื›ื–ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ื‘ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื”. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘"ื” ื•ื›ื‘"ื” ื—ื™ืคื”, ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจืกืค"ืŸ, ื—ื "ื— ื•ื—ื "ื™, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ื”ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืขื™ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื›ื‘"ื” ื—ื™ืคื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื ืžืœ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืœื™ื” ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ื‘ืื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื‘ืื™ืช ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกืš. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื "ื— ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืžืœื ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืืœื”.
189
ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ - ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื . ืกื“ืจื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ืขืžื•ืชื” - ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืื•ืจื‘ื ื™ - ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ 13 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2012 , ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉืชื™ืขื“ื” ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœื ื ื™ืžืงื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื•ืœื ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื—ืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘', ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ืงืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘' ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•"ื“ ื‘' ืชื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืงื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืžื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ืกืคื™ ื ื™ื›ืจ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื•ืจืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืœืขืžื•ืชื” ืื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ื™ื›ืจ.
190
ื“ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ืกื“ืจื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื - ื“ืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืืœื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , .ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืจื›ืฉ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”
.ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื“ืŸ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืฉืœื“ื•ืช.
191
ืื’ื“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืื’ื“ - ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ืช ืœืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื›-296 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืื’ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ืฆื‘ืจ ืืฆืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืขื ื•, ืฉื”ืจื™ ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉืชืชื—ืœืฃ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ืฉื™ืชื—ืœืคื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ ืคืขืจื™ ื™ื“ืข ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืชื™ืงื•ื ื ื™ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืฉื ื—ืชืžื•; ืขืœ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื›ืœ ืกืขื™ืคื™ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœืื’ื“ ื ืขืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื ื™ืคืฉื˜ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื ืื’ื“. ื– ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืคืชื— ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื, ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืœืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”.
192
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืืฃ ืฉืชืงื ื™ื ืืœื• ืื™ื ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ื‘ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืœืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืง, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื” ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืžืชืจืฉื•ืžืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืžืกืจ ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื” ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช, ื•ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืคื™ ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืจื—"ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืขื ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืœืื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืง ืžืฆื’ืช ืžืกื›ืžืช, ื•ืœืืชืจ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืฉื ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื•ื™ื ื” ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืชืงื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ืฉืง ืžืกื•ื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืจื˜ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•, ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงืŸ ื”ืชื’ืœื• ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืคืจื˜ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•, ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืขืจืš ืœื‘ืงืจืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก; ื•ืขืœ ืจื—"ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก.
193
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจืื™ ื•ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืฉื™ืคืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืœืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ื•ืœื•, ื’ื ืื ื”ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืœืœื•ื•ื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื–ืŸ ื•ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืฉืจืื™ ืœืคื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื—ื ืง ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง38 . ืœื›ืฉืœ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื - ื”ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืืฉืจืื™ ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืœ ื– ืืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื - ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ืช ื•ื‘ืžืฉืง ื›ื•ืœื•. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื•ื•ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื ื—ืกื•ืžื™ื ืžื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื‘ื ืงืื™ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืขืงื‘ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืฉืจืื™ ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ืงื˜ื• ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื, ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืื•ื“. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ื‘ืฆืขื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืืœื” ืฉื ืงื˜. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื ืงื™ื ื”ื—ืžื™ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช39 .
194
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืื’ืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื’"ื— ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื 2010 , 2011 ื•- 2012 , ื•ื›ื™ ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ืช 2011 ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืง ืœืงืจืืช ืกื•ืฃ 2012. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืคื™ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื• ืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืื’"ื— ืœื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื•40 .
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ืขืฆืžื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉืงื‘ืขื•, ืžื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกื“ืจื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช, ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011 . ื–ืืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื”ื ืคืงื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืกื“ืจื” ื•ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืš ืฉื ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื™ื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื“ืจื•ืช ืืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื–ื•.
195
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื”, ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืคืœื’ื™ ืžื•ืฆืงื™ืŸ ื•ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืงืจื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืงื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื‘, ื–ืืช ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ืœืง ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžืžืŸ (ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžื•ื‘ืœื™ื), ื”ื ืคืข ืœื• ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืžื•ื ื™ืฆื™ืคืœื™ื•ืช, ืชื•ืš ื”ืขื“ืคืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื•ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ืžื˜ืจืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืคืจื˜ ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืข ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ ืื‘ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืœืชืื’ื™ื“.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžื™ ื›ืจืžืœ ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืกืงืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืง ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื• ื•ื”ืŸ ืœืฉื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืกืคืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช.
196
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื‘ืช ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ -ืืจืฆื™ืช , ื•ืื™ืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื ื—ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ืฉืžื•ืžื ื• ื‘ื—ืœืงื ืื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” . ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืงืžืช ืงื• ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืคืขืœื™ ื–ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืชื›ื ืŸ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื“ืื– ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ( ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช), "ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื› ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืงื• ื”ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจ ื™ื‘ื ืืœ ืœื‘ืจื™ื›ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื"47 .
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ ื ืœืคื™ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ืขืœื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ -ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื ื•ืชื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื ืข ืžื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืฆืฆื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื; ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื›ืžื•ืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืช ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืชื•; ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื’ื‘ื• ืžืฆืจื›ื ื™ื”ื69 . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื›ืžืืกื“ืจ, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืืกื“ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง70, ื•ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืกืคืงื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” . ื–ืืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื.
197
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืœืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ ืื™ืจื•ืข ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืœื, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉืขืช ื”ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืขืฆืžื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื™ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืœืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืฉืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื ืคื’ืขื” ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืœืžืฉื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื.
ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืกื›ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกืคืง ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืกืชืžื›ื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื ื•ืช ืžืคื•ื ื™ื; ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžื™ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื21 .
198
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉืžืช ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื–"ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื’"ืช ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื” ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ - ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืกื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื—. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006 -2011 ื•ื”ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2006 -2008 ื•- 2010 ื”ืชื›ื ืก ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 ื•- 2011 ื”ืชื›ื ืก ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืคืขืžื™ื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืืจื›ื” ื›-15 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื™ 2010 ืœืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 , ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืก ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืจื•ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืชื“ื™ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื˜ื” ื–ื” ืžืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœ ืขื’ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคื"ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื', ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื', ื•ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉื”ืกืชืžืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 , ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื™ื—ื–ืงื• ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื.
199
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœื ืœื–ื›ืื™ ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขืกืงื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืฉืืœืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื™ื˜ืœื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื”ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื”, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื™ืชื’ื•ืจ ืจื• ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื• ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื• ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื‘ -32 ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉื•ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžืฉืจื“. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืขืœื” ืฉืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2009 ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืื›ืœื•ืก ืขืžื™ื“ืจ ื•ืคืจื–ื•ืช ืžื™ ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื•ืœื ื ืชื ื• ื“ืขืชื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื• ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืžืืคืจื™ืœ 1994 ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืœืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœืฉืœื ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจ ื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืœื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฅ. ื”ื–ื›ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ืจื” ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืžื™ ืฉืขืžื“ ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื–ื›ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืžื”ื˜ื‘ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื–ื• ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืจืง ืืœื” ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื”.
200
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช - ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช, ืืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื ืœื›ืœ. ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2012 ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื•ืขื“ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•-ืงื•ืžืชื™ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื™ืชื•ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ืžืจ ื‘ื•ืขื– ืฆืคืจื™ืจ, ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ื‘ - 28.3.12 ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขืžื”. ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ื, ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ื‘ืื™ื˜ืœื™ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ื› -2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•, ืฉื”ื 55% ืžื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช. ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ืฉื™ืจื“ ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
3. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื‘ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื—ืชื ืœืžืคืจื˜ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืฉื ืจื›ืฉ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืœื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืงืจื•ื ื•ืช.
201
ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื' ืฆื‘ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•, ื›ืŸ ื’ื“ืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ืŸ ื’ื‘ืจ, ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืžื˜ืขืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช. ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืœืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช 25. ื”ืžื”ื ื“ืก ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ - ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืฉื”, ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœืคื ื™ 2009 , ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”.
202
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืŸ, ื”ืชืฉื™_ื˜-1959 ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก, ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื–ื”, ืื™-ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื•ืžื“ื ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจ ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื, ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง30 , ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกืจืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื ื™, ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื•ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื ืฆืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืฉื•ืงืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืงื•ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืก ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืืš ืœื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ื™. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœืŸ ื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ื•ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœืœื ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ ื•ืœืœื ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœืŸ. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืื—ืจื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื•ืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืžืก ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืคื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžืชืŸ ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืžืฉืง. ืœื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืœื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœืขื•ืžืช ืขืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื•ืืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืžืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ, ืœืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื•ืœืœื ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืœื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืก ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
203
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื ื’ื“ ืกืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื”, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืืžืฆืขื™ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื ื’ื“ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืงื“ื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืกืงื™ื, ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืคื• ืจื˜. ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื• ืืช ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ื™ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืžืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืก.
204
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคื ืงืกื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืขื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ื”ืฉื’ื•ืช ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื–ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”, ืืš ื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ืžืฉื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืค ื ืงืกื™ื (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง "ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื").
205
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ื ืžืœ ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื‘ืจื—ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™: (ื) ื”ื™ืก "ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœืœื ื”ื›ื ื” ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ืช, ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจืŸ ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช (ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’, ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš); ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื“ื™ ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืกื™ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื•ืœืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืฉื ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืก ืฉืžื’ืœื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืก "ื ื‘ื ืชื‘"ื’, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืก ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื (ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื, ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ื”ืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืก ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื). ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืกืคืง ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ืชื• ืžื”ืœืš ืฉืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
206
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื“ื•ืืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž 3. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ 11 ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ื”ืชืฉืœ"ื” - 1975 , ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœ"ื–ื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื• ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ื˜ืœื” ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ืื• ื‘ืขืงื™ืคื™ืŸ, ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ื” ื›ื‘ืขืœืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”". ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื ื—ืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ื 25.3.10 ืกื•ื›ื ื›ื™ ื‘"ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจ ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืชื‘ืฆืข ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœืžืกื—ืจ". ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืกืขื™ืฃ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื“ื•ื— ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2003 , ืจืง ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ืื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืžื—ื™ืจ, ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ,ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื•ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ืง ื”ื“ื•ืืจ, ื•ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื” ื™ืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืœืชืžื—ืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื“ื•ืืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืขื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื•ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ืžื• ื ื™ื•ื“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืื• ื”ืงืœื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืงื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื•ืงื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
207
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื›ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืžื ื”"ืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืกืคืง, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ ืงื•ืช ืžืœืื™ ืžืกื›ืžื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”"ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ืขืœ ืขื•ื“ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืืฉืจ ืœื ื ื•ืฆืœื•, ืฉื”ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ืœืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ืงื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜.
.ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื›ืฉ ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืกืคืงื™ื, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื’ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื–ืžื ื” ืฉืืœื™ื” ื™ื•ืขื“ื•.
208
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื›ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœื ืคืจืกืžื” ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืฉ"ื, ื’ื‘' ืื™ื™ืœื” ื’ื•ื ืŸ-ืื•ืฉืจื™, ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ืฉ"ื ืชืคืจืกื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืื•ืชื• ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืชื” ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2015 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ ื ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืขืจืชื• ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื•ืœื ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ืฉืžื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื’ื ืื ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืžืฉืงืคื™ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืจืฉืื™ื ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ื›ืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืคืขืจื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ, ื™ืชื‘ืจืจื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืื™ื  ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš. ืืœื• ืคืขื• ืœื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช, ื•ืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœืืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืคื’ืžื™ื, ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืชืขืฆืžื™ื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืขืœ ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืž ืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื•ืฉืจ ืœืžืจื›ื‘"ื”, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014 ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื˜ืจื ืžื•ืกื“ื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ ื™ืจื•ืจ ืฉืขืจื›ื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื ื ืฉ"ื ื”ืขืœื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ืขืจื›ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ืฉ"ื, ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืกืจ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืืœืชืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”.
209
ืจืคืืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืจืคืืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื” ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•, ืœ ืžืขื˜ ืื—ื“ 17 , ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืž"ื—, ื‘ืžื ื•ืจ, ื‘ื—ื˜"ืœ ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืคืืœ, ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“; ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืกืคืง. ืžืžื™ืœื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ื”ืžืืฉืจื™ื ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื• ืจ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื—ืž"ื— ืจืื• ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ืœื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ืกืขื™ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™, ื”ื™ื•ืจื“ ืœืฉื•ืจืฉื• ืฉืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื”ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื” ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื›ืจื– ืื• ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื ื•. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื, ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื›ื•ื•ืขื“ื• ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืกืคืง ืœืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื ืชื ื• ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื™ืชืจื” ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืž"ื— ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืคืืœ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืคืขืœื• ื’ื ื›ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื ืืžื ื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืืฉื•ืจืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื—ื˜"ืœ ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื›ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ืจืคืืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื18 ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–. ื›ืš ื’ื ื‘- 11 (%4419) ืžื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืž"ื— ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ื—ืž"ื— ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืคืืœ 20 . ื‘ื›ืš ืคืขืœื” ืจืคืืœ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื, ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืจื›ืฉื” ื•ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืกืคืง.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืชืงื•ืคืชื™, ื›ื™ ื• ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืคืืœ ืขืฉืชื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช: ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืœื›ืœ ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื”, ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื ืชื ื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืจืืฉ "ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื", ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืจืคืืœ ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื ืžืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขืกืงื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื“ืข, ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืื• ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื“, ืฉื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”"ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื" ืฉื ืชื ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืคืืœ ื”ื™ื ื ื’ื•ืจืคื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืชืงื™ื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ื”"ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื" ืœื ื™ื“ืขื” ืจืคืืœ ืžื™ ื”ื ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฉืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืชืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ืžื” ืกื•ื’ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื ื•ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืื• ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
210
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ - ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ืฆื• ื”ื—ื“ ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื ื—ืงืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœื• ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื–ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื˜ืจื ื‘ื ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ ื•ืžืขื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืœืžื ื”ื"ื–, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 , ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื”ืคื•ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื”ืกื“ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžืฉืžืขื• ืชื™ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื”ื"ื– ื•ืœืžืชืค"ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื ื‘ื‘"ื— ืขืœ ืื“ืžื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืชื•ืš ืื™ -ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื”ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–. ืขืœ ืžืชืื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™, ืขืœ ืžืชืื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
211
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”ืดืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืืœื™ื”ื ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืžื™ืจืช ืืžืช ื•ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืœืœื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžื”ืคืœืœื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ, ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื”"ื“, ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืืœื” ื™ื˜ืžื™ืขื• ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ, ื”ืคืฆืชื• ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืžืฆื“ ืื—ื“, ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื ืขืช ื”ืคืจื˜ ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ื•ืืช ืžืคืฆ"ืจ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืจืื•ื™. ืจืื•ื™ ืืคื•ื ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื” ื›ืฉื ื” ืžืื– ืฉื”ื ื—ื” ืžืคืงื“ ื–ืจื•ืข ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื, ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ื ื•ืœื”ื ื’ืฉืชื, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืขืž"ื˜ ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื, ืœื”ืคืฆืชื ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืื—ืจ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื”"ื“ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื”.
212
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืื•ืช ืœืคืขืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ื•ืฉ ืกื’ืœื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื ืกืžืš ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื—ืž"ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืžื‘ื™ื ืœืชืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื”"ื“ 15 .ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื—ืž"ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฆื‘ืช ืกื’ืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืื™ื›ื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืฉืœืžื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ ืชืงื ื™ื, ื ื™ื•ื“ ืชืงื ื™ื, ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื”"ื“ 15 ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืจื’ืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื™ ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืงืž"ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื•ื”ืกืžื›ืชื ืœืงืจืืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฆื ื›ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ, ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืคืขืจื™ ื™ื“ืข ืขื ื”ื’ืขืชื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื”ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ืฆื• ื‘ืชื•ื ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื”. ืขืœ ืžืงืžื "ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื›ืืœื” ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ืงืž"ื ื™ื, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื‘ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืืœื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืงืžื "ืจ ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื—ืž"ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“" ืœื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•ื”"ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืง ื™ืกื•ื“, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืžื "ืจ ื›ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™.
213
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจืš ื”ื”ืชืจืžื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ื”ืชืจืžื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื•ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืงืฆืื” ืžืชื•ื›ื ื ืช ื•ืฉื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ื’ื ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืกืคืจื ื”ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืงืฉื” 16 , ื•ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ "ืืžืฅ ืœื•ื—ื" ืœื ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืชืช ื“ืขืชื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื” ื•ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืชืจ"ืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 2010 . ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืจื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืœืชืจื•ืžื” ื•ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช ืื•ืชืŸ, ื•ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื—ื“ ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื˜ืขื ืช ืืœ"ื ืืจื™ืืœ ื‘ืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš, ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืืžืŸ ืื•ืจื— ื•ื‘ื”ื’ืฉืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืจื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืชืจื•ืžื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ, ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ื˜ืžืขื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกืคืง ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื.
214
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ื ืœืœื ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžื•ื–ืื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงืคื• ืืช ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœืชืช ื“ืขืชื” ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื ื”ื’ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœืชืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืจืง ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ืœืงื•ืžืฅ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื” ืคืขืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืžื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืคืจื” ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™.
215
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2014 ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›-100 ,ื‘ืœื‘ื“ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ื›-130 ืชื™ืงื™ื27 .ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื ืชื™ืง ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™. .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื ืกื™ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืชื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืชื”, ื•ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช. ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืจื›ืš ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื•ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืื•ืชืŸ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืœื‘ ื‘ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื’ื ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ืžื”ืœืš ื›ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื”, ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ "ืžื”ืœืš ืžื›ื•ื ืŸ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ".
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืืคื™ื•ื ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืื’ืฃ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ืฉืœื”, ื”ื ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืœื ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ืชื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืฉื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ืœืœื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš, ืœืœื ืงื™ื•ื ืžื›ืจื– ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื›ืจื™ืชืช ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื.
216
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืžื–ื•ืŸ - ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื–ื•ื ืชื™ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื ืขื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžื—ืฉืฉ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืฉื™ื ื—ื• ืืช ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืืฃ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืฆื“ื ืื ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื•ืชื ื ื”ืœื™ื. ืžื•ืฆืข ืืคื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ืกื™ืจื• ืื• ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ื—ืกื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื, ื•ื™ืขืœื• ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ "ืก ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื’ืŸ ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื  ื‘ื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื‘ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืืœื ื ืชื•ื ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื˜ืจื ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืืœื™ื”. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื”, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื’ื ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื—ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื’ืŸ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ), ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื•ืช - ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื–ื•.
ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื™ืจืช ืคืจื™ ื‘ื•ืกืจ ืžืกื‘ื” ืืคื•ื ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื›ืคื•ืœ: ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื ืงื˜ืคื™ื ื˜ืจื ื–ืžื ื ื•ืœืจื•ื‘ ืกื•ืคื ืœื”ื™ื–ืจืง; ื•ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ืžืงื ื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื• ืกื•ื’ ืคืจื™ ืื• ื™ืจืง ืœืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืœืคื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื” ืžื“ื™ ืขื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืคืจื™ ื‘ื•ืกืจ ื•ืื‘ื“ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจืช ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื.
217
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงืช ืžืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืจืง ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™, ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011, ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืจื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืจื™ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื”. ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ืงืจื™ืื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ ืžืจืฅ 2012 ื•ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืงืจืืช ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืงืจื™ืื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช. ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชืŸ ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื•ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื’ืกื” ืžืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง.
ืืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2008 , ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื•ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืจืง ื›ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื ื—ืงืง ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื.
218
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ืื™-ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2013 "ื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ื˜"ืœ ืืช "ืžื•ื“ืœ ื“ืœืคืง ืงื“ืžื™ ืžืฉื•ืคืจ ื‘-11 ืžืชื•ืš23 ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืจืืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื•ื“ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื—ื“ืœื• ืžื›ืš ื‘ืฉื ืช 2014 . ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื‘ื˜"ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืกื ื™ืคื™ื , ืขื“ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2014 ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื• - ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืกื›ื ื•ืื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ืคื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืฉื ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื›ื™ื•ื ืœื ื ื™ืช ืŸ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืงื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืžืขื ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉื ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืช 2009 ื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2014 ื’ื“ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืงื“ ื‘ืฆืคืช ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื› - 11% , ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืจืจื• ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืžื•ืœ ืกื ื™ืคื™ ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื›- 39% . ืื•ืœื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื”, ืชืงื ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืœืžื•ืงื“ื™ื ืืœื• ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘- 6% .ื‘ืœื‘ื“
219
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ_ . ืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืืกื“ืจื”, ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื•. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ ื™ื ื”ืœื• ื”ืฉื•"ื˜, ื•ืœื ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืœื•ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืขื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืช ื ื”ืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื, ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื˜ืช ื—ืœืฃ ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืœื•ืœ.
ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืขืฉืจื™ื ืฉื ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืขืฆื ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืชื ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื•ืช. ืืฃ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘-1995 ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœืฉื•"ื˜, ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2014.
220
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœ ืชืงืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืขื•ืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื—ืฉื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœื•ืžื ื•ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื . ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ื•ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืงืคื“ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืฉืœื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื› - 42% (47 ืž-112 ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ื) ืžื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœืจื—ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ืช ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ, ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืขื•ื ืช ื”ืจื—ืฆื” 2013 . ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื; ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืคืขืœ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื™ืœื™ื ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืื• ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืคืขืœ ืขื ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืฆืœื” ื—ืกืจ.
ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื™ื™ืขืจืš ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื’ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืขื•ื ืช ื”ืจื—ืฆื” ื”ืจืฉืžื™ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื• ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฉืฃ ืžืชืจื—ืฆื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ืœืกื›ื ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื ื•ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื’ืขื™ื, ืœืื•ืจ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
221
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืž"ื™ ื›ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืžื ืชื” ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžืฆืื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2013 -2007 ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืœื ื ืจืฉืžื•, ืžื›- 245,000 ืœื›- 330,000 ,, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ืฉืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื” ืจืž"ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืจืž"ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœื; ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืจืž"ื™ ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื›ืœืœืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืชืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื’ื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื” ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืื›ื™ืคืชื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ื”ืžื ื—ื” ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื”ืžืขืœื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื• ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื” ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžืื™ 2011 , ืื•ืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžืงืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืจืง ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2014. ืขืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื  ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืœื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืกืจืชื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ: ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืง ( interface ) ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื™ืง ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขืช ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืจืฉืื” ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืž"ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ. ืœืขืชื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืข ื›ืœืœ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื•ื ืข ืžืจืž"ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคืจืฆืœืฆื™ื” ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื—ืกืžื™ื ื•ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœื–ืจื– ืื•ืชื• ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืŸ, ื•ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื•ืœื•.
222
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”_ . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”_ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ, ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื›ื™ื•ืฆื ื‘ื–ื” , ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื, ืœืชืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื”ืœื›ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื, ืœืชื›ื ืŸ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื’ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช , ืœืœื ืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฉ ื ื” ื–ื• . ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื–ื• ืืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืฉื‘ื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืขื“ื›ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืžืฉืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื•ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื 2012 ื•- 2014 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™: ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ื•ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืกืคืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื• ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื• ืืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2014 ื ื›ืœืœื•72 ;ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ 66 ( 92% .) ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื™ ืžื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2014 .ืœื ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช
223
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”_ . ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉื’ื” ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืงืžืชื”: ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆื•ืžืฆืžืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ; ืœื ืžื•ื ื” ืœื” ื™ื•"ืจ; ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื” ื•ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื” ืื™ื ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืกื“ื•ืจื”, ืžื” ืฉืคื•ื’ืข ืืฃ ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ. ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉื™ืชืžื ื” ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื“ื™ืจื” ื•ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืœื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื”, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”24 . ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื™ื‘ื™ืขื• ืืช ื“ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื• ืคืฉื™, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื, ืœืžืฉืœ ืœืชืžืฆืช ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ื ืืžืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื˜ ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื25.
ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืฆืขืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืœื˜ืขื ืชื” ื’ื ืžืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™ ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืขืžื“ื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืงืžืชื”: ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื–ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™, ื•ื”ื‘ืขืช ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฆืขืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชื’ื•ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ื’ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืœืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืืช ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื” ืœืžืœื ืืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
224
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ืžื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ_ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2014 , ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš. ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื. ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืคื™ื”ื ื‘ื›ืžื” ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ืื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื”ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ืื– ืžืกืžืš ืฉื ื•ืฉืื• "ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ืื• ืœืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืชื—ื•ื ืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื“ืจืš", ืฉื›ืœืœ ื’ื ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื•ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš" ื”ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื•ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืกืคืงื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืœื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ - 2008 ืืฃ ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ ื“ืจืš ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื. ื”ื’ื ืฉืขืžื“ืช ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ืžื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกืคืง ืฉื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฉื ื™ืช, ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื ื— "ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื•ืจื” ื“ืจืš".
225
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช_ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื ื›ืžื” ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ื”"ื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2012 ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช, ื—ืž"ืช ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืืœื ื”ืกืชืžื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื; ื”ื—ืž"ืช ื”ื ื™ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืœื‘ื“ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ื—ืž"ืช, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืžื ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2012 -2010 ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืฆืช"ืค ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื‘ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขืฉื”. ืœืคื ื™ ืฆืช"ืค ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœื.
226
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœ_ื’ ื•ืช_ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช. ื•ืื•ืœื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืงื™ื™ืžื” ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืจืง ื›ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื“ื•ื—. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืœ"ื’, ื”ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2013 -2012 . ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืื™ืฉืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2012 -2010 ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชื•ื— ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืชืืฉืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื›ื•ืชืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืฉืช ื”ืงืžืชื” ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื” ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื™ื.
227
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืช_ืช ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืช"ืช ืฉืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืœื ืืช ืžื›ืกืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืคื•ื’ื ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื—ืก ืกื’ืœ-ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืช"ืช ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ), ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื‘ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• - ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžื™ื™ืชืจ ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ, ืืฉืจ ืœื• ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืชื ื•ืชืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื”. ืžืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ, ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืœ"ื’ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื, ื•ืžืชืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื, ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืคืขืœื• ืœืœื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืชืงื‘ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื“ -ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆ ื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืฉืœ ื”ื. ืจืื•ื™ ื’ื ืฉ ื•ื•ืช"ืช ืชื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืชืื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžืŸ.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืช"ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’, ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• 20 ืื™ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื•ืกื“ ืืงื“ืžื™ ืื—ื“, ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืž - 100% , ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœ"ื’, ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœ- 100% ืžืฉืจื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืงืื›ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืง ื” ื›ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืช"ืช ืขืœ ืื•ืชื• ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื”, ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ, ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื•ืช"ืช ืืžื ื ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื ืœื ืžื ืขื” ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื•ืชืงืฆื‘ื” ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ ืกื’ืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
228
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.13 - ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืื—ื“ืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™, ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืชืงืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ P.P.P ื›ืชืงืŸ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื• ืจืื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื’ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื›ื ื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขืฉื• ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ื” ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ. ื”ื•ืจืื” ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืŸ ืื• ืื™ -ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืœื˜ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื•ืจืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืœื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ื ืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื—ื“ ืืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงืŸ. ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื™ื ื ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืœืื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ืชื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื ื ืžืฉื›ืช ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช. ืื™ -ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื ืื•ืชื•ืช ืกืคื™ืจืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืชื• ืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ื•ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื›"ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืœืื™ ื™ื™ื•ืฉืžื• ื‘ืžืœื•ืืŸ ื•ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืœื•, ื™ืจืฉืžื• ื•ื™ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืœื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืื•ืžืฆื•.
229
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื ื™ื™ื—ื™ื_ ืžืœื•ื—ื•ืช 11 ื•-12 ืขื•ืœื”ืฉื›- 33% ืžืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ืขื“ ืžืจืฅ 2014 ื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ื™ืคื”, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื“ืจื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš ืžื›ืš ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ( 12.5% ื‘ืœื‘ื“); ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ื™ืคื” ื”ื•ื ื› - 13.5% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื”ืžื•ืก ื“ืจื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื“ืจื•ื - ื›- 19% (ืจืื• ืœื•ื—1 ืœืขื™ืœ). ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง, ืžื—ื•ื– ื“ืจื•ื ื˜ื™ืคืœ ืืžื ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื•ืชืจื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืืš ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™, ื•ืจืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืคืœื™ืœื™. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ื™ืคื” ื˜ื™ืคืœ ืืžื ื ื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื, ืืš ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ื (ื›- 46% ) .ืœื”ืœื™ืš ืคืœื™ืœื™ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืคืขืœื™ื ื”ืคื•ืœื˜ื™ื ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ึผื•ืช ืœื ืžื•ืกื‘ืจืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคืขืจื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื•ื•ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื”ื’"ืก ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื• ื•ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ื™ืกื•ืกื, ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื ื’ืฉืชื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ื ื”ื™ืจื™ื ื’ื ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืœื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ื›ื™ ืคืจืกื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื•, ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื“ืง ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ, ืื™ื ื• ืข ื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืงื‘ืข, ื•ืฉืœืคื™ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื‘ืงืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืคืจืกื•ืžื ื‘ืืชืจ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข.
230
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœืŸ_ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืžืชืคืจืกืžื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื”ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืกื•ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืž-35 ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืชื•ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืคืขืจื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื, ืฉืœ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœื ืœื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” (500 ( ืฉ"ื—) ืœืฉื›ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ1,213 ืฉ"ื—). ืขื ื–ืืช, 13 ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืœืžื• ืœืกื“ืจืŸ 1,113 ืฉ"ื— (ื›ืฉื›ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืชื›ืจ ืกื“ืจืŸ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”-19 )
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืคืงื— ื”ืืจืฆื™ ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื ืืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ืื• ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืคืขื ืื—ืช, ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื ื”ื’ื• ื›ืš. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืžืกืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ื›ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื— ื”ืืจืฆื™ ื™ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืืช "ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช" ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ืŸ ื˜ืจื ื”ืขื‘ืจืชืŸ ืœืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ.
231
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2011 ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2012 , ื•ืืฃ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2012 , ืœื ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืขื“ ืืฉืจ ื”ืขืœื” ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ 2012 . ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื“ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืช 2012 ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื“ื™ืžื™ื ืœืงืจืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2013 ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื” ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2012 , ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืื• ืœื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืœื ื‘ืื™-ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2010 , ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืจืช - ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฅ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืžื“ืชื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืชืจืžื” ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื›ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ื—ื™ืคื” ื•ืœื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืจื›ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื™ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ.
232
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ืืœื™ืžื•ืช_ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ืžืขื ื” ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืžื•ืชืื, ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื•ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ืœ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžื™ืŸ, ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืคื’ืขื™ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืฆืข ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจ ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชื•, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื™ื ื ืชืžื™ื“ ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชื™ืชื›ืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืจื. ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืœืขื•ืžืช ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืงื™ืคื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื›ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื ืฉืœ ืžืขื ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื ื•ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ื, ืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื—ืจืคืช ื”ื ื–ืง ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื’ืจื ืœื”ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช (ืจืื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง "ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ").
233
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืคื™ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื—ื•ืฅ-ื‘ื™ืชื™ื•ืช_ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื ื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืื™ื ื ืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืจืฆื™ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื–ืงืŸ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ืืœื” ื™ื›ืœืœื• ืคืจืง ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืืœื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื” ื•ืœืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœืขื™ืœ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ื”ื“ื™ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื”ื•ืœืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื•.
234
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”_ . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš_ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืœืกื™ื•ื ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื•. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ืืžื ื ืžืฆื™ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื›ืœ ื–ื›ื•ืช ืžื•ืฆื’ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ -ื‘ื”ื™ืจ, ืœืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืงื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืžืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžื”ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืงืœื” ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ืช ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื•ื›ืœื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื– ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื” ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื˜ืจื ืžืฆืื” ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื›ื™ืคื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื•ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื: "ืฆื•ื•ืืจื™ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืง" ื‘ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžืงืฉื™ื™ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช - ื›ืš ืฉ- 30% ืžื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ ื ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื” ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืžืชืืจื›ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฉื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืื›ื™ืคื” ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช; ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉืชื• ื‘ื”ื ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื—ืฆื™ืชื ืœื ื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ; ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืžืฉืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืฉืžื’ื•ืœื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉืžืžืขื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืืžื ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ืืš ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืขื•ื“ื ื• ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช. ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ื”ืจืชืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื ืคื’ืžืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื ืžื•ืš, ืืœื ื’ื ื—ื•ืœืฉืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื” ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืืช ืื™-ื”ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืง, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช "ืฆื“ื™ืง ื•ืจืข ืœื•, ืจืฉืข ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื•"56.
235
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ืžืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉืจ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื: ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื, ืฉืขื™ืงืจื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”; ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื• ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืคื’ื•ืขื™ ื ืคืฉ; ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืกื›ืกื•ื›ื™ ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื. ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชื›ืœืœ, ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉืžืžื ื• ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื’ื–ื•ืจ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื, ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืฉืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ืœื™ืื” ื•ื”ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื‘"ืก ื•ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืœื ื—ืชืžื• ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชื›ืœืœ, ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ื–ืืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ื•ืชื—ืช ื–ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื—ืชื ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืฉื‘"ืก ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื ืขืฉื• ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืกื›ื ืžืชื›ืœืœ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื ืœื ืฆืœื—ื•, ื”ื•ื›ื ื• ื›ืžื” ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค, ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก, ืื•ืœื ืืฃ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืœื ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื” ืœื›ื“ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื—ืชื•ื ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘. ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื ืžืฉื›ื•ืช ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืืœ ืฉื‘"ืก ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืฉื ืช 2007 ., ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืื•ืชืŸ
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืฉื‘ "ืก ื—ืœื•ืงื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืจืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื‘ื™ื. ืœืคื™ ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืฉื‘"ืก, ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืžืคื–ืจ ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื•ืกื‘ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ ืื•ืกืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ื™ืจื ืœืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ืื”. ืœืคื™ ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื›ืœ ืกื‘ื‘ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืคื™ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื’ื ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื. ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจื• ืขืงื‘ ืกื™ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชืื™ ืฉื”ื™ื™ื”15 , ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืขื˜ื™ื• ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื ืืœืฆื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื•.
236
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืชื•ืจื ื™ื™ื_ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืื’ืคื™ืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœืจืฉื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืžืง ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ืื•ืœื, ืœืžืขื˜ ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื—. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืจืฉื ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื™ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื’ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ืงื™ื–ื•ื– ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืคืจื•ืก ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช - ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ื”ื’ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช.
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžื™ืฉืง ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื’ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืœืžื•"ื“, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืชืœืžื•"ื“ ืื™ื ื ืžืชืขื“ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืžืœื’ื•ืช. ื•ืื›ืŸ, ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ืžืœื’ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชืœืžื•"ื“, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื’ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื—ืœืงื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืื™ื ื” ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืœื’ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขื–ื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื• ืขืœ ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉื” ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2014 ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™178 ืื‘ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืคืกื™ืงื• ืืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013, .ืืš ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืœื’ื•ืชืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘- 877,000 .ืฉ"ื—
237
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš_ ืืฃ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืšืฉืžืฉื ื”"ืœ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื”"ืœ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื“ ื ืคืชื—ื• ื› - 1,747 ื’ื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ืœื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš), ืžื”ื ื› - 1,339 ื’ื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืื›ืกื ื™ื” ืœื› - 40,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ 4-3 , ื”ืงืฆื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืง 7 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ืฉื”ืŸ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ ืž-17 ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขื“ ื›ื” . ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข, ืœืงืจืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2012 , ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ืฉืขื ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื’ื ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื’ื ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™. ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื“ืŸ ื‘ื”ืฆืขื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขืœ ืชื•ืกืคืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืฉืขื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ 4-3 . ื”ื’ื ื ืช ื•ื”ืกื™ื™ืขืช, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ืŸ, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื•ืช (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžื•ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ), ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ื•ืขื ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืงืฆื” ืœื”ืŸ ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ืคืง ื—ื“ืฉ ืจืง 40 ื“ืงื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื’ืŸ. ื›ื•ื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื•ืคืง ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื ืœื•ื• ืœื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื•. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืงื‘ืข ืชืงื ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืงื—ืช ื•ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื”, ืฉื™ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“; ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœืฉืงื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ื“ืฉื™ื (ื›ืžื• ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ื ื™ื), ืœืคืงื— ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื”ื.
ืื•ืœื ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ืœื ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื ื•ืœื ื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืชื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืขืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข. ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืคืขื™ืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“. ื•ืื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื•ืชืจื• ืคืขืจื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืžืขื ื” ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜:
238
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืจืคื•ืจืžืช _ืขื•ื– ืœืชืžื•ืจื”_ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืœ-ื™ืกื•ื“ื™_ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ-ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื™ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ื‘ืžืชื "ื” ื•ื‘ืชืœืงื™ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื, ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื”. ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• (ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘, ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืฆืคื•ืŸ) ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจืคืจื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืžื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคืจื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื–ื” ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื›ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื, ืœื ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืžืช ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืงื‘ ืขื™ืกื•ืงื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
ื•ืื•ืœื, ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืข ื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื•ืขื˜ ื•ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื”. ื›ืš, ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื ืœื”ืกืจืช ื”ื—ืกืžื™ื ื”ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืžืฉื›ื™ ื”ื”ืงืžื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื ื•ืช ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืงืžื”.
239
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืชื•ื•ื›ื™ื (_ืžื•ืจื™ ืงื‘ืœืŸ_)_ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ 123( 50% ) ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”"ืก ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•-110 ( 77% ) ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”"ืก ื”ืขืœ-ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืก ื”ืคื•ืš (ืจื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™) ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™"ืก ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™"ืก ืืœื”. ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ืฉ- 36 ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืฉื ื“ื’ืžื• (ื› - 54% ), ืœื "ื–ื›ื•" ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืœื ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ืžื“ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ 25 ื‘ืชื™"ืก ืฉื ื“ื’ืžื• (ื› - 33% ) ืฉื–ื›ื• ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-5% ืžืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ืจื”. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืงื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ -ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ, ืืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืก ื”ืคื•ืš -ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื“ื’ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื, ืืคื•ื, ืขืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™"ืก ืฉืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื•ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœืืœื” ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™"ืก ื”ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื ืžื•ืš ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืขื“ื™ื•. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื› ืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขืกื™ืงื” ื—ื‘ืจืช "ืžืคืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืžื ื•ืืœ" ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช "ืฉืขื•ืช ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืขืฉืจื”" ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื” ืจื’ื™ืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื–ื• ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืจืžืช ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” "ืขืฆื™ืžืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื" ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืจื‘ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืชื”ื•ื•ื” ื‘ืฉื˜ื—.
240
ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ _ืชื‘ืœ_ ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ืžืขืจืš ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™_ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืคื•ื ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”"ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช" ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2011 , ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขืช ืืคื™ื•ื ื™ -ื”ืขืœ ื‘ืคืจ ื•ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืืคื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2013 ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ื 240 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ 30 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืชืž"ืž ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื› -260 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชืž"ืž ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ ื' ื‘ -20 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืชืž"ืž, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื›ื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชื•ืืžืช ืืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืื• ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืขืœ ืชืž"ืž ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืืคื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืœืงื•ื— ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืชืž"ืž ื•ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ืกืงืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 .ื•ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื•
241
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ_ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉ"ื ืžื™ืœื ืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืฉืžื•, ื•ืื ืœืื• - ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื•. ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื’ื ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉ"ื ืœืฉื ืช 2014 ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื’ืชืŸ ืžื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื’ืฃ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืื•ืœื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืคื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉ"ื ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉ"ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ - ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืขืงื‘ ืื™-ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ื ืฉ"ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื’ืฃ ืžืฉ"ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืขืจื•ืš ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
242
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื_ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื” ืจืง ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืงื‘ืข. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื‘ืกืกื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขื•ืžืง ืžืฆื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืจ. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื–ื›ืจ ืฉื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ ืชื• ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2014 ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื”ืื—ื“ ืœื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืื—ืจ ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื. ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ืฉืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ื•ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืฉืœื•. ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช, ื ื•ืฆืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœื•ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ืœืขื•ืœื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
243
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœื•ืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื•ืคื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืžืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืฉื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืฉืกื™ื•ืžื• ื ืงื‘ืข ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015 , ื™ื™ืขื–ืจ ืฉื‘"ืก ื‘ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจ"ืฉ ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ื’ื ื›ืกื•ื”ืจื™ื (ื–ืงื™ืคื™ื) ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 , ื•ืœืคื™ื” ืกื’ืœื”ืžืขืจืš ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ ืœื ื™ื‘ืฆืข ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช.
244
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช_ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื -ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื : ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื ืžื•ื ื” ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื’ื–ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื“ืž ื™ื ื™ืกื˜ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื”ืœื”; ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืกืžื ื›"ืœ. ื‘ื›ืš ืื™ืŸ ืจืื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™. ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื’ื•ืจื ืœืขื™ ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื ืชื™, ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืžืฆืจืคื™ื ืœื”ืฆืขืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื•, ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื•ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืชืงืคื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื”ื’ ืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืœื›ืœืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื ืจืง ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
245
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช_ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœื‘ื“ ืžื”ืืžื™ืจื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื ืฉืœื• ืž- 2010 , ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืชืงืŸ ืœื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจืžืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืชืงืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืœืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื“ื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื ืขื–ืจ ื‘ื• ื•ื ืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœืœื ืฉืงืœื•ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื› ื™ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื , ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื”ืžืขื•ืจืคืœืช ืฉืœ "ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ" ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžื“ื“ ืืžืชื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืืช ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช58, ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืชื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ืช, ื•ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืžืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืžื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื (ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ืืฉืคื•ื–) ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืš, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ59 . ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช .MRI ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœ - MRI ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืœื™ื ืกื•ืŸ - ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื; ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœ- 2013 ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื“ืกื” ืขื™ืŸ ื›ืจื ืขืžื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœ - MRI ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ืขืœ ื›- 90 ื™ื•ื ื•ืœ- MRI ื‘ื”ืจื“ืžื” ืขืœ70 .ื™ื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื’ื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืืžื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉ ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช MRI ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-28 )ื™ื•ื (ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ืžื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“; ื”ื‘ื“ ื™ืงื” ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ืงื ื“ื”, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืงื•ืœ ืงื•ืจื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜: ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ืขืžื“ ื‘ืชืงืŸ (ืจืง ื›-1% ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื•ื›- 17% ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืชืขื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื—ื™ื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -28 .)ื™ื•ื ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื—ืจื’ื• ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืชืงืŸ: ื‘ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื• ืคื - ื›- 22% ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื•ื›- 47% ืขื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื—ืจื’ื• ืžืžื ื• ; ื‘ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” - ื›-9% ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื•ื›- 60% ืขื ื”ืจื“ืžื”; ื‘ืจืžื‘"ื- ื›- 23% ื’ื ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื•ื’ื ืขื ื”ืจื“ืžื”; ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื ื›- 23% ืœืœื ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื•ื›- 46% ืขื ื”ืจื“ืžื”. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ื”ืจื“ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื•ืจื•ืงื”, ื‘ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื‘ื - ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-28 .ื™ื•ื
246
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฉืŸ_ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื›ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช ื•ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื—ืœืฉื”, ืชืฉืœื‘ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืœืคืœื— ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืฃ ืจืื” ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงืงื™ื. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื“ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ืœ ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื• ืžืฆื“ ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ - ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืจืื•ื™ ืื ื›ืŸ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืชืงืฉืจื• ืขื ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื›ืฉืœื ื’ื“ ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
.ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื: ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013 ื ืขืจืš ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื•ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœืงืช ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ืืœื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“85 , ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ืืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื•ื ืŸ ืื• ืชื•ืจืŸ. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื›ืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื ืกืžืš ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ื•ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–; ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื• ืขืœื• ื’ื ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2013 .ื‘ืžืจืคืืช ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืขืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื• ืขืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืจืคืื” ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืจื ื˜ื’ืŸ, ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ื•ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื ืžืจื›ื– ืจืคื•ืื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ, ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืŸ ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืืฉืคื•ื– ื—ื•ืœื™ ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื–ื ื™ื—ื”. ืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื: ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš 14 ,ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ืืฉื‘ื”ื ืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ื™ืช ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช, ืงื™ื™ื ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ืชื•ืจืŸ 24 ืฉืขื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื‘ืืจื‘ืขื” ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื: ื”ืœืœ ื™ืคื” ื‘ื—ื“ืจื”, ื”ืขืžืง ื‘ืขืคื•ืœื”, ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™ ื‘ื ืฆืจืช ื• ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื™ืœ ื‘ื ื”ืจื™ื”86. ืชื•ืจื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื˜ืจืื•ืžื”: ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ื˜ืจืื•ืžื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 24 ,ืฉืขื•ืชื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ ืคื” ื•ืœืกืชื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืชื•ืš ื˜ืœื˜ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืื•ืชื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื.
247
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื”ืžืื•ืฉืคื– ื•ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื•_ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘-18 .ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื•ื ื• ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืืชื™ืงื”ืขื ื–ืืช, ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ืคืขืžื™ื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 : ื‘ืชืฉืขื” ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ืื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ื›ืœืœ; ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช; ื‘ืฉื™ืฉื” ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืœืฉืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื; ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ืจ 12 ืคืขืžื™ื. ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืฉืฉ ืขื“ 12 ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ืง , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื , ืืœื ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืชื™ื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื”, ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืขืœื” ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ื ื™ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ - ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื ื–ื›ื” ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ืžื. ืžื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืžืกืจ ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื“ื™ื•. ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืชื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืœืžื•ืช ืืชื™ื•ืช -ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ืฉืžืงื ื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืง ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืœื›ืœืœื™ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืžืคื—ื™ืชื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืืชื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื’ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื•ืคืงื“ื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืŸ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชืŸ ื•ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื.
ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ ื ืžื ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื• ืžืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข. ื–ืืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื—ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื•ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืœื” ื•ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช. ืื™ -ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืื™ -ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื ืžืขืžื™ืงื™ื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืจื“ืช ืœืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื” ืื• ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ื”ื—ืจื™ื’. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื” ื ืคื’ืขื™ื ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ื”ืกืงืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011, ื•ื”ื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 201226 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขื“ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2014 , ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™.
248
ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจืื•ื“ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืœื”ื ื“ืกื” ืื•ืจื˜ ื‘ืจืื•ื“ื”_ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ืžืฉืžืจ ืืช ืžืขืžื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืื•ืจื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืช"ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžื›ืœืœื”, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืื•ืจื˜ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืฉื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ืงื‘ืขื” ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงืชื•, ื”ื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื” ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžื›ืš.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื, ืœื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื•ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืฉืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื—ืจื’ื• ืžืกืžื›ื•ืชื ื›ืืฉืจ ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ. ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืชืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื - ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” - ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ; ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื•ื "ื—ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื", ื•ืžืฉื•ื ื›ืš ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื• ืจื—ื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ืžืืคืฉืจ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืฉื”ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื›ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื” ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืช"ืช.
249
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” . ื”ื‘ืืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื_ ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2014 -2010 ืงื˜ื ื”ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 4% (ืž- 26,000 ืœ- 25,000 ), ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ืงื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 25% ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืžืื™ 2009. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื• ืœื”ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืื™-ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช , ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื—ืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ื‘ืืช ืขื•"ื– ืœืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื”. ืขื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืืฃ ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืืช ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืข ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืฃ ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื›ืš.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืœื ืขื™ื’ื ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ื›ืชื•ื‘, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœื” ืขื ื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืœื’ืจื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2013 -2012 .
250
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ - ืื–ืจื—ื™_ . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™-ืœืื•ืžื™ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘_ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ืชืงื ื” 3()(ื3), ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” 250 ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืžืฉื ืช 2003, ื ื•ืชืจื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื›ืœืœื™, ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ ืžื™ื“ ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืžืช ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืœืงื™, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช: ืž- 15,365 ืชืงื ื™ ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื•, ืขืœ 7,000 ืžื”ื ื ื›ืชื‘: "ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš", "ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™" ืื• ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ืœืœื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื›ืœืฉื”ื•.
251
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013, ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื›ื ืกืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืฆื•ืจืš ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœื—ื•ืงืง ื—ื•ืง ื™ืขืจ , ืฉื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”. ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืืžื ื” ื›ื™ ืชื•ืงื ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื™ืœื ื•ืช , ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื˜ื ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ืืช ื”ื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงืช ื”ื—ื•ืง , ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื ืฉืžื˜ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”. ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื• ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืžืœืื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื• ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื™ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื‘ืกืก ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืชื—ื• ื ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืจ ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื—, ืฉื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื•ืฉืจื™ื. ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช , ืืฉืจ ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื•.
252
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 , ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืฉื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ืขืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ืงื•ื“ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื”, ืœื ืžื•ืœืื•. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื• ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ืขื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ืช ื”ืžืคืง ื—ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื”, ื”ืขืœื• ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ื—ืจื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื” ืžื”ืžื›ืกื” ืœืฉื—ื™ื˜ื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ืœื”. ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื” ืคืขืœื” ืืคื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ื™ื•ื•ื“ืื• ืฉืžืฉื—ื˜ื” ื‘' ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื”ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืจืืฉ, ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืฉื—ื™ื˜ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจื™ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ืื ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืชื’ืœื™ื ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื ืœืืœืชืจ.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆืขืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืจืืชื” ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืฉืœืžืช ืืช ืฉื›ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืกืžื›ืชื• ื–ื• ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•, ื•ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืืžื ื ืกืชืจ ื˜ืขื ื” ื–ื•, ืื•ืœื ืขื ื–ืืช ื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืจ ืฉื™ืžื•ืข, ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ื ืชืŸ ืœื• ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื—ื˜ื”.
253
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ 139,000 ื ื›ืกื™ื ืž - 700,000 ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื: ืขืœ 81,000 ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืœื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ืจืื™ื ืœืขื™ืŸ, ื•ืขืœ ื›- 58,000 .ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืžืฆืื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืขื ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืฉืชื›ื ื™ื ื” ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืืจื‘ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืฆื˜ืžืฆื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ืชื™ื™ืชืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื›ืกื™ื ืืœื”. ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืจืž"ื™.
ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืจืž"ื™, ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืž"ื™. ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืืช ืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืจืง 7% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื•ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืื•ืฆืจ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืื•ืžื“ ืŸ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืžื‘ื˜ื ื ืืžื ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ (ืจืื• ื”ืคืจืง ืขืœ ื”ืจื•ื‘ื“ื™ื), ืฉื‘ื• ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืจื•ื‘ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืื• ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช.
254
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื“ืชื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืื™ื•ืฉืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ืข ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ืกื›ื, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ ื™ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืฉืจืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื”, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื›ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ื ื•ืงื˜ืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื–ื•ืžื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ืฉื ืช 2001 ื ืžืกืจ ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืจื™ื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืกื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ, ื ืžื›ืจื• ื•ื”ื•ืคืงืขื• ื•ื›ื™ ืืฃ ื ื‘ื ื• ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ื”ืงื“ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืงื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื”ืŸ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฆื•ืช ืœืืชืจื, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจื.
255
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืฆืœ ื”ืจืฉื ืื™ื ื• ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืืกืžื›ืชื” ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื ืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื—ื•ื‘ืช ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืื’ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆืžืฆื•ืžื• ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” (ื—ืงื™ืงื”) ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2007.
ืจืžื•"ื˜ ืคืขืœื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงืช ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื—ืงื™ืงื” (ื—ืงื™ืงื”), ืืš ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2013 ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
256
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืคืงื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืคืงื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื: ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืงื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขืžื ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืคืงื•ืช.
ื”ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืชื™ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจืจืช ืชื”ื™ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื ื‘ื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืงื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช. ืขืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื—ื“ื“ ื•ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
257
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืœืงื—ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืชื. ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื—ืœืคืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืื ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™.
)(ื ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ื˜ืจื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืœืื•ืœืคืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›- 442,000 ืฉ"ื—. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืืกืคืงื”, ืœื”ืชืงื ื” ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื”ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื•ื˜ืจื ื—ื•ื“ืฉ, ืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•. (ื‘) ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืฉื“ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ HD ืฉื ื™ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2013 -2012 : ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืœืคืŸ ื' ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื ืืœืฆื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื‘ืชืคืื•ืจื” 14 ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื”, ื•ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘ื›-1.4 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ, ืฉืฆื•ื™ ื“ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช, ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” - ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012 , ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื”, ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2013 - ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืื•ืœืคืŸ ื', ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืื•ืœืคืŸ ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืจืžื˜ HD ., ืœื ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ืชืคืื•ืจื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”
258
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืจื›ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื• ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืžื™ืจื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืชืžืžืŸ.
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื™ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืฉื™ ืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื›ื ืชื” ื˜ืจื ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืขื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื’ืฉืชื” ื”ื™ื ืชื ืื™ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืœื”ืžืจืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื. ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื’ื ืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ื“ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2013 -2009 .
259
ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ - ืž.ื˜.ื— (ืข_ืจ) . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืœื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื›ืœ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืžืžืŸ ืžื”ืจื–ืจื‘ื” ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืื• ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ืชื•ืงืฆื‘ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื ืชื•ื ื” ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ื” ืžื ื›"ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžื”ื•ื•ืช ืขืงื™ืคื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ื™ื“ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ืžื ืคื™ืง ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืกืคืง ื”ื–ืžื  ืช ืจื›ืฉ ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืœืœื ื›ืœ ืžื›ืจื–. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื, ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืœื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืืœื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ.
260
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืœื”ื‘_ื”) - ืžื˜ื” ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ืš ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ื ืžืฉื›ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2012 ื•- 2013 , ืฉื”ื™ื”24.9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื•-24 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”, ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ืžื–ื” ืฉืงื‘ืข ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2010 , ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžืจื›ื– ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืชืงืฆื™ื‘ 1.2 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื”ืงืžืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืื•ืœื ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื•ื•ื” ืจืง ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘- 2010 . ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื›- 140% , ืž-13 ืœ-31 ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื’ื“ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื›- 89%.
261
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.12 - ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื˜ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื• ืœืฉืืช ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉืจื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•. ื•ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื™ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืง ืจื‘ ื›ืœืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ืกืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืœื•ื— ื–ืžื ื™ื ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ืžืœืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜ืœ"ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืชื ืชื— ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืขืœ ื”ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื—ื–ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื‘ื˜ืœ"ื.
262
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื™ื›ืœืœื• ืืช ืžึตืจื‘ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช, ื•ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื› ืœืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืœืื›ื™ืคื”. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืœื ืฉ"ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2010 , ื•ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื ืฉ"ื ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืืช ื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ืื’ืฃ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืขืœืชื” ื—ืจื™ื’ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื•ืœื ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื ืื›ืคืช ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืœื ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ ื™ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืื’ืฃ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”. 3. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœืฉื ืช 2009 ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืชืžื›ื™ื 28 . ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืฉื ืช 2010 ืื™ื ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืœืื” ื•ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืฉื”ื ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ื ืชืžื›ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช:
263
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ื•ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืืชืจ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ืืชืจ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžื•ืจืฉื™ื, ื•ื—ื“ืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ืžืŸ ื›ื—ื“ืจ ืžืžื•ื“ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ืื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ืœืฉื”ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืื™ื ื ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืจืฉื”, ื›ืขื•ืœื” ืžื“ื•ื— ืจื "ื ื”ืฉื ื™. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชืขืœื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื– ื•ืจืฆืคื” ืฆืคื” ืœืžื™ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืฆืคื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื’ืฉืฉื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื•, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ื’ืจื ื ื–ืง ืœืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2011 ื•ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 . ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื™ืœื• ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืœืฉื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ืื ื‘ื›ืœืœ.
264
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืœืฉื›ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง. ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืกืคืง "ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืขื•ื’ืŸ" ืžื”ื™ืžื ื” ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ืืคืฉืจ ืœืืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืงื™ืค ื” ืขืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื™ืงืคื•. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื›ืžืขื˜ 30 ืฉื ื” ืžื”ืžืคืงื“ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ืžืŸ, ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ืžืœื ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื”ืกื›ื™ืžื• ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื‘ - 2009 ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืœืชืจ ื‘ื”ืชืืจื’ื ื•ืช ืœืžืคืงื“, ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013 ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืขืจืš. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื ื ืฉืžืจื• ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื: ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช - ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ื”ื•ืชืื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช); ื“ื™ื•ืง - ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืฉื™ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื”ืืžืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื”; ืขืงื‘ื™ื•ืช - ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื  ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืชืื ืœื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœืž"ืก. ื ื•ืฉื ืžืคืงื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืžืฉืงืฃ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืœืž"ืก ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื•ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื•. ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืœืž"ืก ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืขืœ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกืงืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžื ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืžืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”, ื•ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืžื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื  ื™ื ืฉืžืคืจืกืžืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกืงืจื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืœืž"ืก ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืจืกื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืงื•ื‘ืฅ. ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœื”. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืœืž"ืก, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช, ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืจืกื, ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื ื•ืžืงืช ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ื”. ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืืช ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
265
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ืคืœื™ื˜ืช ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ืžื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘-ื™ืคื• ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืžืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืœื™ ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื’ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฉ ื“ืŸ ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ืช ืื—ืช, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื• ืช ืจืง ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื• ื•ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื•ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ืžื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืš. ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืกื•ื›ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืข ืกืงื” ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื. ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื ื›ืœืœ ืืฃ ื‘ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2011 . ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืื™ื ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžื•ืฆืขื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื•ืžืฉืงืฃ ืคืขืจ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ื” ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืื™-ืขืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืชื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืžืฉืงืคืช ื’ื ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื• ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืจื•ื•ื—ืชื•, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืคืจื™ืกืชืŸ, ื•ืœ ื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ืš ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื“ื’ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง.
1 . ืœืžื–ื”ื1,3 ื‘ื•ื˜ื“ื™ืืŸ, ื”ื ืคืœื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืžื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘, ื•ืœืžื–ื”ื ื›ืกืคื™ืช - ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื—ื•ืง - ื˜ืจื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืจื›ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” 43 . ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื™ื™ืžืฉืš, ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื ื” ืขื•ื ืฉ.
266
ืคืืจืง ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคืืจืง ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคืกื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื” ื', ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืžื—ื•ื– ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ -ื™ืคื• ื”ืฆืขื” ื' ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช, ืœื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืืœื ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื’ืฉืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆืขื” ื' ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ื‘ื ื” ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ืฆืขื” ื' ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื’ืฉืจ ื–ื”, ื•ื™ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืชื ืื™ื ืืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžื”ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืง ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ, ื”ืชื•ืจื ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืจ ื‘ืคืืจืง. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืคืืจืง - ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืชื—ื ืช ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ื•ืคืืจืง ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขืจื™ื ื“ืŸ ืœืชื‘ืจื•ืื” - ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื ืœื ื•ืฉื ื•ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืœืžื–ืขื•ืจ ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืจื ื‘ืกืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื–ืงื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ืคืืจืง ืืจื™ืืœ ืฉืจื•ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื’ื ื›ืืœื” ื”ื›ืค ื•ืคื™ื ืœื•, ื•ื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืืคื•ื ืžืžืชืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืœืขืžื“ืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื”ืขื“ืคื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“.
267
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2013 ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืจื˜"ื’ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืง ืืชืจ ืœื›ืœ ื’ืŸ ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ืœื›ืœ ืฉืžื•ืจืช ื˜ื‘ืข. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ืืชืจ ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืืชืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช ื‘ื’ื ื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉืžื•ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืœื™ืืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ืœื ืคืขืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2002 . ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื ื”ื•ืžืฆื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืชื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืื”; ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื”ืขืœืืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืœื™ืื”, ื”ื’ืฉืช ื—ื•ืžืจ ืจืงืข ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื•ืจื” ืœืžืœื™ืื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื” ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ืืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืจื˜ ืกื“ืจื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ื•ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.
ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจื˜"ื’ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžืฉืฉ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืืฃ ืœื ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื•ืจืฉืช. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืชื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช: ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืชื•"ืค, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืื’ืฃ ืืจื›ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืงื”ืœ ื•ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง, ืงืœื™ื˜ืช ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื”ืกื‘ืจื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืœ ืจื˜"ื’ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื’ืคื™ื ื•ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
268
ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืก . ื‘ืงืจืช ืžืคืขืœ ื”ืคื™ืก ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื‘ื ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืืช ื”ืงืžืชื ืžื™ืžืŸ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ืจืง ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2013 , ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ืฉืœ ืกืงืจ 2009 . ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืชื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืก ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉืฉ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืคื™ืก ื”ืชื ื”, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2012 ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช 2013 , ืจืง ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืŸ32 ืงื‘ืœืช ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ื ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืฅ: ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืคื™ืก ืžืขื ืง ื‘ืกืš 100,000 ืฉ"ื— ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013 , ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013 , ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื” ื”ืคื™ืก ืืช ื”ืžืขื ืง.
269
ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืœืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช . ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ,ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื ื”ื•ื›ืจืข ื ื•ืฉื ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2011 ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืœืœื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ ื ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™. ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืคืจืœืžื ื˜ืจื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขืช.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืงืจืŸ, ื‘ืžืื™ 2013 ื”ื™ื ื ื™ื”ืœื”909 ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืœื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื•: 429 ืžื”ื ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ื•-480 ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืœื”. ืกืš ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ืฉื”ื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2013 ื”ื™ื” ื› -59 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืœืžืขืœื” ืž - 90% ืžื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 -2013 , ื•ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1989 -2007 ,. ืืฉืจ ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืœื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื, ื›ื•ืœื ืฉื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื’ืžืœื” ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1989 -2013 (ื‘ื™ืŸ5 ืœ-50 ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”). ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ, ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2012 ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื›-70 .ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื• ื›ืฉื‘ื—ื–ืงืชื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช
270
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืžืขืžื“ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ืžืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™, ื™ืฉ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืก ืœืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืœื•ื•ื”, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืงื‘ืข ื”ืกื“ืจ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื•ืช ืœืฉื ื›ืš. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ืžืขืงื‘, ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืคืขืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื–ื”, ื•ืืฃ ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคืกื™ื.
ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2013 , ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžื•ืจื ื™ื.
271
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื•_ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจื ื•ื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืกื’ื ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ื•ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืืฃ ืื ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ืคื—ื•ืชื•ืช ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœืคื™ื” ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ืกืงืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœื•ืชื” ื”ื™ื ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“, ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ื”, ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื›ืฉื™ืจ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื’ื“ืจืชื” ื› ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื” ืชืคืงื™ื“. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื“ืงื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ ื›ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื•ืœ ืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื”. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื”, ื”ืงืฉ ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœืกื•ื•ื’ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื” ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ืขืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื ืกื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืชืจื•ืžืชื” ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืฉืชื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™.
272
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืžื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื” , ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ื’ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืื ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ, ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื–ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื’ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื’ื–ืจืช ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช. ืื ื™ื™ืžืฆ ืื• ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” , ืขืœ ืฉืจืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืขื“ ืฉื™ื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžืกืคืง ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื–ืจื™ืืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืฉืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ื›ื™ ืžืงืจื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื“ืจื“ืจื•, ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ื ืชืงืœ ื™ื ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื™ื™ื: ืื™ืŸ ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื”ื; ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžืกื‘ืš ื•ืžื—ืจื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ (ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืจื™ื•ื ื•ืช); ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืจื’ื•ื ืœืฉื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืคื•ื ื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”; ืงื•ืฉื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืฆื‘ื™ืจืช ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื‘ื•ื“ื™ื.
ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืจื—ืงื” ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื ืคืฉ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœืืœืชืจ: ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื—ืœืงื™, ื—ืกืจ ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–, ืžื•ื–ื ื—ื™ื ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื . ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื–ื ื—ื”, ืžื™ื“ืจื“ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื ืขื“ ืœื›ื“ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ื‘ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื ืืœืฅ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืž ืฉืคื˜ ืœื”ื™ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืคื™ืœื ืชืจื•ืคื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื• ื™ืžื•ืžืฉื•.
273
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื˜"ืœ ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืชื›ืœืœ. ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื˜"ืœ, ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื’ื•ืจื ืžืชื›ืœืœ - ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืžื•ืœ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืชื›ืœืœ, ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื˜"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื‘ืฉื’ืจื”. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื’ืฃ ื–ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืœืžืฉื•ืงืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืขื“ ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืžื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืงื‘ืฆื™ื ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื›- 12,000 ืื™ืฉ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื”82 ,ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ืข ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ื•ื. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืกืคื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื” ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื‘ื˜"ืœ: ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœืื—ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืฉืžืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืžื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 -1999 ืขืœื” ื›ื™ 58% ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื” ืฉื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ื” ืžืขืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื; ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืง 42% ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”ืžืขืœ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื; ื•ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉืจืง 14% ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืžืฉื•ืงืžื™ื ื”ืชืžื™ื“ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืžืฆืื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜"ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืชื•ืคืข ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืจื” ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืจื‘ื™ื ืžืงืจื‘ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงืชื™.
274
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ื‘ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ ื•ืฆืจืคืช, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื–ื• ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช; ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื•ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืฉืคืชืŸ. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืชืงืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชืŸ ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืœื ื”ื•ืจื™ื”ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ืชืืžืชื ืœืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœื”ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืž-1992 , ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื™ื™ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ืขืœ"ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ื•ื“ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืื– ื–ืจื•ืข ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืงืœื™ื˜ืช ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช.
275
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืงืชื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื’ืฃ, ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ื“ื•ืข ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœ ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื• ื›ืœื™ ื™ืจื™ื™ื”. ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื›ืœื™ ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืจื•ืคื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ื•ื‘ืชื ืœืžืกื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื˜ืคืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืื• ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ืคืฉื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืื’ืฃ ื™ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ื”ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื• ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืืจืฅ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื•ืœืืžืฅ ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•.
ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื ืคื™ืงื— ืขืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืฉื ืช 2008 ื•ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ื•ืžืื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื ื ื”ื’ื• ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื ืœื‘ื™ืชื, ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื•ืคืงื“ื• ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืžืจืช.
276
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช (ื›- 55% ) ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื (ื”ืชืฉ"ืข -ื”ืชืฉืข"ื‘); ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” (ื›- 61% ืžื”ื). ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ืžื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืž"ื“ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื–ื” ืฉื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™; ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ืœื˜ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื• - ื›- 90% ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ื–ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื™ืชืจ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื”"ืœ ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’ ื•ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ืฉืชืœืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉ"ืข -ื”ืชืฉืข"ื‘, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ืœื ื”ืชืื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื” ื›- 29% (441 ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื›ืœืœ 1,539 ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”). ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2013 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘-17 ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืขืœ-ื™ืกื•ื“ื™.
1. ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ ื: ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœืคื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืœ 3 ื™ื—"ืœ ื’ื“ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2010 ืœืฉื ืช 2012 ื‘ื›- 16% ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื -ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช); ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 4 ื•-5 ื™ื—"ืœ ืคื—ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช (ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ืืฉื›ื•ืœ9 ). ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืจืžื•ืช ืฉืœ 4 ื•-5 ื™ื—"ืœ ื”ื™ื• ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื. ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžืช 5 ื™ื—"ืœ- ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืชืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืคื•ืœ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืืฉื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื (ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื›- 22% ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื› - 11%.)
277
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื‘ื’ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืœื›ืœ ืฉื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืขื ืงื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉ ื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช, ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ืช ืื• ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชืงืŸ ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื‘ื ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืฉื™ื•ืช-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืจืš ื“ื•ื•ืงื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ื”ืžืชื—ืฉื‘ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™-ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื›ืœืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืฉืคืข ื™ื ืžืžื™ืงื•ืžืŸ ื”ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™, ืžืžืขืžื“ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ื• -ืืงื•ื ื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ืžืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ื•ืขื•ื“. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืžืคืชื— ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ ืœ ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืืคืฉืจืช ื”ืขื ืงื” ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2009 ื”ื—ืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ืžื•ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืค"ื™, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ื–, ืžื’ื–ืจ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ื•ื’ื ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืœื ื–ื• ืืฃ ื–ื•, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจ ื“ - ืฉืค"ื™ ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ - ืœืงื•ื™ื”. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ืžืกื“ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืฉืค"ื™ ืชืชืขื›ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
278
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื ื•ืื™ืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื 4. ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ื•ื ืกื™ื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื›ืžื• ืฆืขื“ื” ื•ื™ืžื™ ืฉื“ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืžืžืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื• ื‘ื ืคืจื“ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื’ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ืž ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื ื•ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”, ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืงื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืชืจื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืฉื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ. 5. ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ืื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื, ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ื’ ืžื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืชืจื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”. ืชื•ืฆืืช ืžื’ืžื” ื–ื• ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ืจ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื”ืžืกื›ื ืืช ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื”"ืœ ื”ืชืฉ"ืข. ืœืคื™ื•, ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ื•ื– ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจื•ืฆืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืชืžื ืช ืžื’ืžื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ืœืชืฉืœื•ื, ื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกืขื•ืช ื•ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื‘ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืืš ื”ื ืœื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื•ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ื ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช "ืืคื™ืง" ืืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืจืคืจื ื˜ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืื™ื ื ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช "ืืคื™ืง" ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืชืžื•ืžืŸ ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื’ื‘ื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ืฉ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคืจื˜ ื‘ื”ื ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื–ื•, ื•ื”ืจืคืจื ื˜ ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืš ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืจืฆื•ืŸ". ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืžื›ืกืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืชืจื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”. ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ืขืœื•ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืžื’ื™ืฉ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืชืจื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”; ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื˜ื™ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื‘ืชื™ื”"ืก ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืชืจืช.
279
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื• ืืฃ ืฉืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืœืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2013 , ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžืฉ ืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกืขื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืกืขื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ื”ืกืขื” ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ื•ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืžื ื• ื•ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืกืขื” ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—. ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืžื˜ื” ืขืœ"ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืžืชื› ื•ื ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ืœื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื™ืชืื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ"ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
ืžื˜ื” ืขืœ"ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื˜ืžืจื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืืžืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช.
280
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ 1. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื’ืจื” ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื• ื˜ืคืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœืจื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืขื•ืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฅ ื‘ื ืชื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื”ื™ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ ืœื ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืชื™ื‘ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืงื ืžืžืฉืง ืžืชื•ืงืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื‘. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืžื ืชื™ื‘, ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ืคื•ืง ืืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ.
281
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื•ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ืงื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2013 ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช (ืืจื™ืืœ, ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืจืžืช ื”ื ื’ื‘, ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ), ืœืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ื ืŸ, ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงืชื ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืžืฉื ื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ืฉืคื” ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืขื ืื•ืชืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืฉื ืช 2013 , ืœื ืขื ื• ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื–ื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื” ืขื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืฅ-ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืคืจื˜ื™ (ื”ื ืชืžืš, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”), ืœืฉื ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง ื•ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ.
282
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืข ืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื™ื, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื ืขืœ ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื™ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ืืกื™ืจื™ื, ืœื ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืจ"ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื‘ืข ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™.
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืกื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืžื•ืš, ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืฉืœ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืืฃ ื ื•ืฉืจ ืžืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืืฆืœ ืืกื™ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื•ืจืžืœื™ ืชื•ืš ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจื. ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืœืืกื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื, ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉืคื•ืช.
283
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืคืœื™ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ ื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืจื™ื’ ืื—ื“. ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ืื™ืŸ ื™ื“ื” ืงืœื” ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ ืื™ื ื• ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœ. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื’ื•ืจืกืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืง ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™, ื•ื›ื™ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ื’ื“ ืงื˜ื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื• ื•ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ืœืงื˜ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืช ืขืžื“ืชื•, ืืช ืจืฆื•ื ื• ื•ืืช ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืœื’ื™ืœื• ื•ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืืœื™ื”ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืืžื ื” ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืชืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ืžืื– ื—ืชืžื” ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ื”ืืžื ื” ื•ืืฉืจืจื” ืื•ืชื” ื—ืœืคื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-20 ืฉื ื”, ืืš ื˜ืจื ื ื ืงื˜ื• ื›ืžื” ืžืŸ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืžืœืฆื• ื‘ื”. ืืžื ื ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื•ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”, ื›ื›ืชื‘ื ื•ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื, ืื•ืœื ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงืช ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ื•ื™ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™, ื•ืžืชื•ืš ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ื”ื—ืœืชืŸ.
284
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืชืžื•ืจืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืก"ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžืžืœืืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ื•, ื•ืชืจื’ื•ืžื• ืœื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืœืจืืฉ ืื’"ื ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœืคืงื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆืืชื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืชื›ืœืœ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืืคื•ื ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื, ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงืฆืืชื, ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื•ืขืœ ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื”. ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ืื’"ื, ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžื˜ื” ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช, ืชื”ื™ื” ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืขืœื™ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื•ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืžื•ืคืขืœื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืฆื“ ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื. ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืœื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืกืชืžืš ืขืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ืช-ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืื—ืจ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื”ื ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ื’ ื ืœืื•ืจ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื’"ืฅ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ื˜ืจื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ืืœื™ ื”ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื” ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ืช ืžืืœื™ื” ื•ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืžื˜ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืขืฆืžื” ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉืชื• ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ืœื• ืฉื•ื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืชื‘ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ืฉื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื™ื ื” ืคืขื•ืœืช ืœื™ื‘ื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
285
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื•ืœืœืช (.) - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืžื•ื ื” ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ืขื‘ืจ ืžืื– ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘- 2008 ื•ืขื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉืœื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ื ืคืชืจื• ื–ืžืŸ ืžื” ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืฉืœื‘ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืงืคื• ืืช ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2010 ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”- ERP ื”ื™ื ื”ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ืš ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ื•ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืจืง ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ื•ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžืคืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืž"ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ืœืœื” ืืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ - ERP ืขื“ ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 - ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืž"ืช ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”- ERP .
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืืž"ืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื“ืื– ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”- ERP , ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืชืงื“ื. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืœื ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื“ื—ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ื“ืื– ื›ื™ ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืœื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืจื•ื•ื— ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ืžืื™ 2003 ., ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื•
286