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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืฉืจื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื•ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืžืชื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืž ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืชื™ -ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื• ืืช ืจืžืชื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืชืช ื™- ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010 , ื›ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ืžื•ื ืชื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ, ื•ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ืœื ืชืื ืืช ื”ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ืžืื– ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 . ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื—ืœืง ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื” ื”ืชื—ืœืคื• ื•ืœื ืžื•ื ื• ืชื—ืชื™ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืื—ืจื™ื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื›ืœืœ, ื”ื™ื ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ืกื™ืžืช ื’ื™ืฉืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’' ืœืฉืจืชื™ ืžืžืฉืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชืงืคื•ืช ืžืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืื™ 2012 ืคืจืกืžื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ืฉื›ื•ืชืจืชื• "ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืงืคืช ืžื ื™ืขืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช" . ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืœื ืžื ื”ืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ.
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ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืืฉืจ ืœืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืืœื• ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืข"ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืืชืจื ื ื•ื›ื— ืื™ -ืกื™ืžื•ื ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืื™ื ื•ื•ื ื˜ืจื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืชืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืืœ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื™-ืกื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืชืข"ื ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืื˜ืจืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืงื•ื“ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” (ืจืื• ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืš). ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืงื•ืคื™ื ืืœื• ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2007 ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืž-600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืขื“ ืœ- 4,900 .ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ืืฃ ื–ืืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื”ืฆื‘"ื“ ื•ื”ืฆืช"ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื‘' ื‘ืชืข"ื ืœื ื ืจืฉืžื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืืœื ื›ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืชืข"ื; ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ืฉื™ื™ื›ื” ื”ืชืข"ื ืœืขืฆืžื” ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื–ื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืฉื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœ ื“ืื– ื ื’ื“ื” ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื‘', ื•ืœื ืชื•ืืžื” ืขื ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื•ื”ื ื˜ื•ืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืฉืœืคื™ื” ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืฉื™ื ืคื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืขืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื‘ืฆืขื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช. ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืœ ืืช ืื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช, ื” ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืžืขื ื™ืงื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืœื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืœืœื ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื ืคืงืช ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืจืช"ื— ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืขื ื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื, ืฉื—ืœืงื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ื ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื, ืœื ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ื•ืขืœ ื”ืงืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ื™ืชื ื•, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ืžื™ื ืœืื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืœื ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ื•ืœ ืžืžื ื• ืœืืœืชืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ื‘ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื•ื‘ืžืชื•ืื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžืž"ื™, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ื ืคื™ืง ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ ื‘ืงืขืช ื”ื™ืจื“ืŸ, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื•. ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 , ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืื“ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ืคืงืž"ื– ืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ืื™ -ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื–ืžืŸ ื›ื” ืจื‘, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ื• - ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ - ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืขืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคืงื“ืช ืžืชืค"ืฉ ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืžืž"ื™.
.ืื™-ื”ื—ืชืžืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื•ืื™ -ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื” ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ ื. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืชื"ืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ ืืœืžื•ื–, ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืž"ื™, ื‘ื ืฆื™ ืœื™ื‘ืจืžืŸ, ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”, ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉืื™-ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื ืขื•ืฆื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืกืจ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืžืคืงื“ืช ืžืชืค"ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืž - 2005 ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืขืจ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006, ื• ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉื ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘- 2009 ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื“ืื– (ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืจ-ืื•ืŸ) ื•ื‘ - 2010 ,ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ (ืื”ื•ื“ ื‘ืจืง), ื˜ืจื ื ืžืฆื ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ืฉืœ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ืœืื•ืจืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” - ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”, ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืจืืฉื™ ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื–, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ื ื’ืจื ืžื›ืš. ื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื”, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื•, ื”ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืื–ื•ืจ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืื• ืื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื™ื™ืคืชืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื - ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื•"ืจ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืž"ื™ - ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ืžืคืงื“ ื‘ืฆื‘ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืžืฉืžืขืช ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื•, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉืคื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขืช. ืชื•ืฆืืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื ืžืฆื ืืฉื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉืขืœื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” - ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื•ืขื•ื ืฉื™ ื”ืจื™ืชื•ืง - ืžืขืœื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื”ื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืขื ื™ืฉื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœืฆื“ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื ืคื’ืข ื›ื•ื—ื• ื”ืžืจืชื™ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ื ืคื’ืข ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื”ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื•; ื•ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืืœื•, ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ืขืœื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื›ืš. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžืฆื•ืงื” ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืื”, ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš, ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉื ืฉืคื˜ื• ืœืขื•ื ืฉื™ ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉื. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ, ืœืื—ืจ ื’ื–ื™ืจืชื•, ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ืื—ืจ, ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืจื™ืชื•ืง, ื•ื›ืš ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ื”ืžื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื›ืœื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืขื•ื ืฉ ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืคื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ื ืฉ16.
3 . ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ืืฆืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ืงืฆื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜.
490
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช, ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื ื•ื‘ืข ืžื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื•ืคืื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืขืชื•ื“ืื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืฆืขื“ ื›ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื. ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ืกื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฉืœื ืœืงื‘ืœื, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืชืื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœืกืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืžืขื ื™ืง ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืขื•ื–ืจ ืงืจืค"ืจ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืืžื™ื ื” ื•ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ืฉืชืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืจืžืช ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืขืจืš ืฉื‘ืจืืฉื• ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืชืชืงื‘ืœ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจื•.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื ืžืฉืš ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ ื ืชืงืœ ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื•. ืื•ืœื ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš, ื”ืชื’ืœื• ืคืขืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื• ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื ื™ื” ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ืจืคื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจืฆืฃ ื•ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืขืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ืงืจืค"ืจ, ืจืข"ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ืงืจืค"ืจ ืœืจืคื•ืืช ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื™ืคื™ืงื• ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
491
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื•ืจื ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืฉืžื ื”ืœ ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืื›ื™ืคื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืชื•ืจื ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืฉืœ "ืื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื• ื™ืขืฉื”". ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ - ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื” ืขืœ ืžื™ ืžื•ื˜ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ืข ืœ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœื“ื•ืŸ ืขื ืžืคื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืื™ืชื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ืชื•ืฉื’ ื”ืกื›ืžื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื”ื›ืจืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื.
ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉืžื’ืจ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ื ืง ื‘ืข, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืžื“ื•ื™ืงืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-18 ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืืœื”, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ. ืžื ื’ื“, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื ืงื” ืœื”ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆื• ืฉื”ืกืžื™ืš ืื•ืชื ืœื›ืš. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื™ื“ื•ื ื• ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื•, ื•ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื•.
492
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืžืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืจื•ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืงื•ืžืช ืžื—ืกื ื™ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011 ื—ืฉืคื” ืืคื•ื ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื ืœืกื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ ืื“ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืœื• ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ืขืช ื”ื“ืœืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ืฉื ืช 2012 ื™ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ืฉืชื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื”ืŸ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืกื“ ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืŸ ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื ืกืคื—ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ื’ื ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011 ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื”. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืขืœ ืื’"ืช ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื›ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื—ื™ืจื•ื ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ื ืกืคื—ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจื•ืช.
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ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ . ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกื•ื”ืจ - ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ื›ืžื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื” ืžืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ื™ืœื•ื˜ ืจื—ื‘ ืงื•ื“ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืœืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืชืช-ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉ"ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ื‘ืจื” ื• ' ื”ืชืจื™ืขื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•. ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ ืชื›ื•ืœืชื•, ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•. ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ, ื•ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืœื ืจื™ืืœื™ ืคื’ืข ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื” ื”ื—ืœืงื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืคืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืคื” ื‘ืชืช-ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืื™ืœืฆื• ืืช ืฉื‘ "ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ื“ื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื›ื™ ืื™ -ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจืž"ื˜ ืฉื‘"ืก ืžืื– ืžืื™ 2010 ื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ืฉื‘"ืก ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืงื™ื“ืžื”, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™ -ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืขืœ ืจืืฉ ืžื  "ื˜, ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžืกืคื™ืง ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจื’ื™ื ืฉืžืขืœื™ื•.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ "ืก ืœื ืืžื“ ืืช ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ืกืคื— ื—' ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื–ื– ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืกื›ื• ืœืกืคืง ื‘ืฉืœ ืื™-ืคื™ืชื•ื—ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืฉื‘"ืก ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื•ืœืง ื–ื– ืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ืชืจ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•"ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ.
494
ื ืฆืจ ื”ืฉืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืชื—ื ืชืขืฉ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื‘ื ื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 , ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืž"ื™ ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื; ื–ืืช, ืืฃ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ืžื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ืขืœื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ - 1997 , ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืคื™ื”ื ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื ื™ืžื•ืžืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืœ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš). ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืžืž"ื™ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจื• ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื›ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœ ืฉื‘ื•. .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข"ืž (ืชืขืฉ) ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 -2012 ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืคืœื™ื. ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•, ืฉืขืœืชื” ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื•ืืžื ื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ; ืื•ืœื ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืš. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืื™ -ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืชืขืฉ, ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื—ืžื•ืจ, ืฉืขืœื™ื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ืงื•ื™ ืžืชื—ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžื ืคืœื™ื, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ื—ื–ืจ ืคืขื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 . ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื–ื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืกื›ื ื” ื”ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืœืฉืœื•ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ ื”ืื“ื, ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืื™ -ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ, ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืžื”ืžืชื—ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืฉืคืจื• ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืขื ืชืขืฉ, ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืขืฆืžื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื‘ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืžื”ื ืคืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื•, ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ื“ืขืชื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2012 ื•ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2012 ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ืฉื™ืชื‘ืฆืข ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉื”-ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืขืจืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฉื  ืช 2004 ื ื›ืชื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื•, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ืฉื‘ื•, ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืชืขืฉ ืขื ื”ืคื™ื›ืชื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื”; ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื”, ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื• ืœื™ืžื“ื• ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื”ืชื ืชืงื” ืžืžื ื•; ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ื”ืœื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขื ืžืž"ื™ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื”ืžืชื—ื ืžืžื ื” ืœืžืž"ื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช, ื›ื™ "ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืชืขืฉ ืžื˜ื™ืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื•ื”ื ืคืœื™ื, ื•ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืžืขืœื™ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช, ื ืฉืืจืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ืœืœื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ". ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ืฉืขื” ืฉืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื ื˜ืœ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžืŸ ืืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื ืคืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ืคืœื™ื, ืชืขืฉ ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืœื”ืชื ืขืจ ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืจื™ื›ื– ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืืœื• ืฉืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืœืœื ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื‘ื™ืื• ืœืื™-ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืžื‘ืฆืข ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ื•ืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื‘ืื™ืœื• ืžืงืจื™ื ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ืžื•ืฆืœื—ื•ืช (ืคืจื™ืฆืช ื“ืจืš ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช; ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™) ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืœืœืžื™ื“ื” ืžื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื•ืช (ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘"ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžืงืœ" ืœืฆื”"ืœ). ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ืคืขืœ ืœืฉื“ืจื•ื’ ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื•. ืขื ื–ืืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื ื•ืชืจื• ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื”ื: ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ืฉืœ ืžืคื"ืช; ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืคื"ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืชื•ืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœื•ืชื™ื•; ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื"ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ื•ื”ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืœื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืžืขื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื•ืžืœืื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื•, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืฉื ืฆื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืคื"ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•"ืค ื•ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืžืœื ื‘ืžืขื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคื"ืช ืœืฆื”"ืœ, ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื™ืŸ ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื—, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค, ื•ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืžื•"ืค ื‘ืžืคื"ืช, ืฉื™ื–ื ืจืืฉ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืขื ืฆื”"ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืงื•ื™ืžื• ืงืฉืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื•"ืค ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคื"ืช ืœื’ื•ืคื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื”.
496
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ .ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2021 , ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืชื•ืงืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ื•ืื•ื™ืฉื• 17 (77% )ืž-22 .ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืชืงื ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื•ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2020 ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืžืขื ืงื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืื™ื•ืฉ ืœืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื— ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœืื™ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื‘ืชืงืŸ, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืงื ื•: ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื•. ืžืฉื›ืš, ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื ืืœืฅ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืขืœื•ืชื ื ื•ืชืจื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืื•ืžื ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืกืงืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืกื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื™ืคืขืœ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื™ืขื•ื“.
. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชืจืฉื™ื, ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืข"ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื ื•ืชืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื•ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ืชื•ืงืŸ: ื‘ื›-67% ืขื“74% ืžื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื‘ื•ื•ืข"ืจ ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืงืœื ื“ืจื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื› -83% ืขื“90% ืžื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
497
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืจื‘-ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ - ืชืงืฆื™ื‘, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ื‘ืžืืžืฅ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2021 ืขื“2025 , ืชื•ืš ืงื™ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืช ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ื”ืžืกื›ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืกื•ืฃ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” - 10 .ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืžื”ืžืฆื’ื•ืช ื•ืžืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื• ืขื ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื” ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ืช ืืš ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืงื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืฆื’ืช ื‘ืงืจืช ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืœืขื•ืžืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืื™ืคื•ื ืฉืขื ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืจ"ืฉ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2020 ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ืชืจ"ืฉ ืชื ื•ืคื”. ื”ื’ื ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœืชืจ"ืฉ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ, ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ื• ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืจ"ืฉ ื’ื“ืขื•ืŸ ืœืžืขื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืœืื™ ื”ื—ืœืคื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ื. ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ืฆื’ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ ืื—ื•ื– ืžืœืื™ ื”ื—ืœืคื™ื ืืš ืœืœื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ืŸ ื–ื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืขื ืกื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืชืจ"ืฉ ื•ื˜ืจื ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชืจ"ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ื™ืฆื™ื’ื• ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชืจ"ืฉ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื”, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืœืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœืื” ื‘ื˜ืจื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืชืจ"ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื”. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืจ"ืฉ ื—ื“ืฉื” ื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
498
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ - ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื•ื›ื™ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012 .ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื• ืœื›ืœืœ ืœืžืกืžืš ืกื•ืคื™ ื•ืœื ืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืชืื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืœืื—ืจ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ืจืžืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืคืจืกื•ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ื’ื ืœื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืžื›ืก ืื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ื ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ืกื—ืจ ืขื™ืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื ืจืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืจืš ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื™ ื™ืฆื—ืง ืžืขืงืจืช ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ื“ืฃ ื”ืฆืจื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืžื•ืคื—ืช ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจืชื• ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืงืจื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— (ื’ื ื™ื‘ื” ืื• ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ื’ืžื•ืจ ] Total lost)]38. ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื—ืกื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื•ืคื•ื’ืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืจื›ื‘. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ืื™ืฉื™ ื›ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉื•ืžืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืžื—ื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืชื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ื”ืกืจืช ื—ืกืžื™ื ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืจื˜.
499
ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื ืกืคื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ื•ื—ืจื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืฆื™ ื•ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื— ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœืืžืฅ ืืช ื”ื“ื’ื ื”ืกืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื‘ืช ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืืžืฆื™ื• ืœืฉื›ื ืข ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืืžืฅ ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืช ื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื” ืœื”ืŸ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืฉื’ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืงื•ื“, ื•ื™ืคื ื” ืืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื• ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื™ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ื•ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืžืžื›ื•ืŸ ESLI.
500
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืจื›ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืก ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืกืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘"ื› ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ - ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช 2017 . ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชื—ื•ื ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืชืคืชื— ื•ืžื•ืจื›ื‘, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื, ื”ืžืœ"ืœ ื•ื”ืฉื‘"ื› ืœืขืจื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืคื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืœื”ื ืžืขื ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืงื“ืžื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืฉื‘"ื› ืชืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื- ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื”ื˜ืกืช ืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื”ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื–ืืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื’ื ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฆื’ืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื ื›ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืžืคื ื™ ืื™ื•ืžื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืœืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืกื•ื›ื ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืฃ ืฉืืช ื—ืœืงื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืœื‘ ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื‘ืœื•ืง ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื—ื•ืกืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ, ื•ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.
501
ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž .ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžืก"ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื ืช ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 . ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื’ื ืžืกืžืš ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื›ืชื‘ ื•ื”ื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 . ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืก"ืœ ืื™ืœื• ื ื”ืœื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื” ื•ืชื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื”ื›ื ืชื. ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2019-2015 ื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืžืกืคืจ ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืžืชื•ื“ื™ื™ื, ื—ืœืงื ื”ื™ื• ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ื’ื ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื.
ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉื—ื—"ื™ ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืžืคืจื˜ืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžืก"ืœ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื™ืžื• ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื™ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžืขืฉื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื•ื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื•ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ื™ื.
502
ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ . ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”-21, ื”-22 ื•ื”-23 - ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื›ืœื™ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•, ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืืœื• ืฉืชืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•, ืชืคืขืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกืžื›ื•ืชื” ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชื™ื™ืฉื ืžื™ื™ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืชืฉื•ื•ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ 1,000 ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืคื˜ืจื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื”, ื™ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื. ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื• ืžื•ืœ ืžืจืฉื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ืžื ื™ืข ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื (ืจืื• ืืช ื” ืคืจืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขื˜ืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืคื•ืœื•ืช"). ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ืžืฆืื• 79 ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ืืฉื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฉื”ื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ (ื›-18% ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื’ื) ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ 64 ืื—ืจื™ื (ื›-14% ) ืœื ืžืฆืื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื•. ืžืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ื›ื™ ื›- 1,600 ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ืฉื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ (ื›- 0.035 % .)ืžื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื‘ืฉื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื ืžื™ ืฉืฉื•ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชืืชืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ืชืคืขืœ ืœืžื’ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืคืขื”. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืืฃ ืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื–ื“ื”ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ืžื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
503
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงืจืช - ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืจื—ื‘ ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืžืฆ"ื— ืชื™ืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื•ืคืขืœ ืœื—ื ื™ื›ืช ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ืืš ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืฆ"ื— ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืœื ืชื•ืงืŸ: ืžืจื—ื‘ ื“ืจื•ื ื ืขืจืš ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ืงื‘ืข ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืืจื‘ืขืช ืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืจื›ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ืžื ื•ืกื” ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ืข ื›ื—ื•ื ืš ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื”. ืœืขื•ืžืชื•, ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืขืจืš ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฆ"ื— ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืŸ ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื” (ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื). ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืœืื—ืจ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืฆืคื•ื ื™. ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื” ืœื—ื ื™ื›ืช ืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื•ืชื ื”ืจื›ื–ื™ื. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืžืคืงื“ ืžืฆ"ื— ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื›ืœ ืจื›ื– ืžื•ื“ื™ืขื™ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉ ื™ืงื‘ืœ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฆืคื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš 55 ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื’ื™ื•ืก ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช- ืฆื”"ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื•ื™ื™ืฉื 41 .ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฆ"ื— ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืฉื“ืจื’ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืœื”ืกื‘ ืื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช WEB ืืœื ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืžื”ืœืš ืžื•ืชื ื” ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื›"ื ืœืฉื ืช2021 , ื•ืืœื• ืœื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช.
504
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ - ื”ืž"ื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืื•ื ื”ื“ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืคืจืกื•ืžืŸ ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ืงื‘ืข ืื’"ืช (ื”ืง"ื) ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ืื•ื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜: ื‘ื”ืง"ื ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœืชืื ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ื”ืค"ืขื•ืช), ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ (ืค"ืž) ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืฉืœ ืื’ืคื™ ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืขื ื”ืž"ื‘ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ื”ืž"ื‘ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืชืื ืืช ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืค"ืข ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ืขื ื”ืž"ื‘ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืชืื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื•ื— ื”ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™ ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื™ืงื•ืจื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜ ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื“ืจื’ื™ ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ืœ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆื‘ื™ืขืช ื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜, ืฉื”ื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ื‘ื—ื”"ื™. ื–ืืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืื’"ืช ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2015 ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืขื•ืžืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืคื ื™ื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช, ื•ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืชื• ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืขืž"ื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืคืง"ืข ืฉืœ ื–"ื™ ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื”"ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™ื ื ื“ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื‘ืืช"ืง ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื—ื”"ื™ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืื• ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื’ื ื‘ืžืกืžืš ืฉืœ ื—ื”"ื™ ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2015 ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื.
505
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืžื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืจื—"ืœ ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ื•ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืจื ืื•ืฉืจ ืื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ืฆื”"ืœื™ ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืฃ , ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืจื—"ืœ ื ืฉืขื ืช ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืœื–ื™ืจื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืฆื”"ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืจืฃ, ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื—"ืœ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื•ืืช ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ืก ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื‘ื™ื ื˜ ืžื“ื™ื ื™- ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’"ืก ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ืกืงืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจืคื™ ืœืžืคืจืฅ ื—ื™ืคื”, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืชืจื—ื™ืฉ ืžืœื—ืžืชื™.
506
ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืืžืŸ ืžืคืงื“ื•ืช ืจื‘-ื–ืจื•ืขื™ (ืžืžืจ_ื–) ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืžืชืงื“ืžืช ื‘ืžืžืจ"ื– ืื™ื  ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืžืงื ื™ื ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื•ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืกื™ืžื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ื ืœืฉื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืงื•ืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื•ืจื’ืœ, ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืคื’ืข ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ื•ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืžื ื• ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืฉืืž"ืฅ ื›ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื”ืžื‘ืฆืขื™, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘, ื™ื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืชื•ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืžืจ"ื– ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ืฉืืœื™ื” ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื“ืจืš, ืงืจื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืžืจ"ื– ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื™ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืžืš ืžืฉื™ืžืช ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืื‘ ืžืฉื ืช 2013 , ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžืจ"ื–-ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืชื— ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2015 ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื”ืงืฆื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืœื ืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื‘ืชืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ืจื‘-ื–ืจื•ืขื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ื ื™ 2021 , ื˜ืจื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืื’"ืช, ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืืž"ืฅ, ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืžืžืจ"ื–, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช, ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ ื“ื•ืงื˜ืจื™ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ื‘ (ืขืœ ื›ืš ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื‘ืคืจืง "ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืชื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืžืžืจ"ื–").
507
ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื ื˜ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื˜ืขืŸ, ื”ื‘"ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช163. ืžืฉื›ืš, ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื•ืœืœ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื•ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘. ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ, ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืžืชื•ืš 25 ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื™ืฉ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืกื•ื’ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ - ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืžื”ืืจืฅ ื•ื”ืชืœื™ื™ืช ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื•ืฆื•ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœื”ื. ื™ืฉื ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื›-1.4 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื, ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื—ื•ืœืœื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื2017 - 2019165 . ืžืชื•ื›ื, ื›-300 ( ืืœืฃ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ืฉืœืžื•ืชื21% .)
ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš 57 ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ืขื ื”ื‘"ื”, ืจืง ื‘ -7 ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ ื™ืฉื ื 14 ืžืžืฉืงื™ืื›ืืœื” 122 ,. ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืขืžื“ืช ื”ื‘"ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืžืฉืง ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘, ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™.
508
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž โ€“ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื” .ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžื˜"ื— ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชืข"ื; ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2015 - 2019 ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”; ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2019 ื›ืžืขื˜80% ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืžื”ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžื˜"ื— ื”ืŸ ื›-30% .ืžื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืชืข"ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื–ื• ืžืฉืžืขื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื”, ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ื ื, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื”. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืชืคืขืœ ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืจ ืœื ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื” ืžื™ื•ื–ืžืชื•, ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืชืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื•. ื–ืืช ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืื•ืคืŸ ื•ืœืคื™ ืื•ืชื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืข"ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื 2015 ื•-2016 ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืงืจืงืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ื”ื•ื“. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ืจืž"ื™ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชืข"ื ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืืœื™ื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืœืชืข"ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืชื” ืœื”ื•ื•ืŸ ืืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืืฉืจ ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื“ืžื™ ื”ื—ื›ื™ืจื”.
509
ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืข"ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืข"ื ื”ืงื™ืžื” ืื• ืจื›ืฉื” ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2017 ,, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื™ื ืœืชืข"ื ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืคืกื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืกื™ื“ื•. ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื•ืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื•. .ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืจืคืืœ ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื” ืื• ืจื›ืฉื• ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 ื”ื™ื” ืชืฉืข. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื•ืงืžื• ืื• ื ืจื›ืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืขืกืงื™ ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ. ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื›-1.3 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2017 - 2020 (ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืฉืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช) ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ืจืคืืœ ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘ ืž-136 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2016 ืœื›-369 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 , ื•ื–ืืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืขื“ ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 400 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
.ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื—ืœืงื” ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงืก ืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ื›-161 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื - ืž-520 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœ-359 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืœื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ืจืคืืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงืก ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ 21.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื›ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื” ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงืก ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื™ืจื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืจืš ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ืงืก.
510
ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื' ืœื ื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ื• ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื•ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช ื•ื”ื•ื ื‘ื•ืฆืข ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ืื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ื•ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืืœื• ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื“ ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื ืคื™ืงื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื. ื›ืžื• ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืžื˜ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ื›ื™ ืขื•ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืจ ื™ืคืงื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื™ื‘ืงืจื ; ื•ื›ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉื ืฆื™ื’ ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ืช. ืœืชื•ืกืคืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืจื•ื›ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื• ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืข ืžื”ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ื™ื ืชื— ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืข, ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช, ืžืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืงืŸ ื”ืคืชื•ื—.
511
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืชืžืžืฉื•ืชื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ ื, ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืงืขื•ืช ืงืจืงืข, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืขืœื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื˜ื™ืคืœื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ .ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ื•ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื ื–ืงื™ื”ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื ืืœืฆื” ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื.
ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืžืžืœืื•ืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืฉื•ืžืจ ื”ืกืฃ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื‘ื” ื‘ืขืช, ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจื” ืœื”ื•ืฆืืชืŸ ืœืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื”ื•ื ื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืช ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืžื ื” ืืช ืื ืฉื™ื• ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื– ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื”ืชืขืจื‘ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช.
512
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขืจืš ืชื—ื•ื ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉ"ื— (ืœื”ืœืŸ - "ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช " ืื• ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™). ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืœืฉ"ื— ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืœืžืœื ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืชื™ื”ื . ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื” ืžื™ืคื•ื™, ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 ืื™ืจืขื•786 ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช - ืคื™ ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื” ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื›ื™ 249 ืž-786 ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช (ื› -32% )ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ื•ื—ื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2006 , ืืšืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื• ืขืœ 123 .ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื–ื• ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช 197 ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืžื“ื’ื ืขืœื” ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื“ ื™ืขื” ืœืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ 96 ( ืžื”ื49% ,)ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœืขืจื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืขืœื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื ืฉืœ 75 ( ืชื™ืงื™ื38%).
ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื‘"ื˜), ื”ืžืงืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ . ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื‘"ื˜ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื˜ืžืขื” ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื• ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื–ื ื• ืืœื™ื” ื›ืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื–ื ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืื—ื™ื“ื”, ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื–ื ื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืื• ืžื•ื–ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื’ื•ื™40. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืืžื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช, ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืœืคื™ืœื•ื— ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื•ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื•ืฉืจืช ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ืžืกื“ ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื™ืžื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ืืœื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช.
513
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™ ืœ- 31.12.08 ื”ืกืชื›ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื” ื‘ื›-74 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืฉ"ื—. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื—ื•ืœืงื• ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืงื•ื ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืชื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ืฉื™ืฉืžืฉื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืื—ืช. .ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ื ื™ ื”ื•ืœื™ ื•ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื’ื•ืฃ ื–ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ, ืœืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื•.
ื”ืงืžืช ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ืฉืžืœ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉ"ื— ื•ื‘ื ื˜ื™ืœืช ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ ื”ื™ื–ื ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืžื ื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืฉื ื•ื›ื— ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื›ืกืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื–ื ื™ื—ื” (ื›- 3.5% ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ) ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ 20% ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002 , ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืงื“ื™ื ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชื ืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื™ืฆืจื ื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
514
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืฉืžื•ืžื ื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื ืื•ืฉืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืื—ืจืื™ ื”ืื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœื” ื”ื•ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืืช ืงื ื˜, ืชื•ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ; ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืžื™ืžืŸ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืžื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืกืคื—ื™ื ืฉื ืกื™ืขืชื ืœื ืื•ืฉืจื” ื•ืืฃ ืฆื™ืจืฃ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื™ืœืžื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื•ืจื” ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื”. ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืง ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื™ืคื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื” ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืคืจื˜ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืจืžื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื•ืžืจืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืขืกื™ืงื” ืžืฉื•ื•ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืฉืžืŸ ื–ื™ืช ื‘ื“ื’ื™ืžืช ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ืฉืžืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืงื™ ื”ืฉืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืชื—ืจื™ื•. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ .ืฉืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช, ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ, ืคืขืœ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืกื’ื ื™ ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืงื“ื ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื™ื ืœืžืื›ืœ. ืœืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื ืื” ืžืžืฉื™ืช ื’ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ "ืžืจื•ื ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ" ื•ื’ื ืœื• ืขืฆืžื• ื›"ื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš". ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืขืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขื“ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœื›ืœืœ "ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงืชื• ืžื ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ืืช ืžืจืื™ืช ืคื ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืืช ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื˜ื•ืžื ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืœืžื’ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจ, ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ "ืžืจื•ื ื”ื’ืœื™ืœ" ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื•, ืฉื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื•, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื›"ื‘ืŸ ืžืžืฉื™ืš". ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ, ืžืจ ืฉืœื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืžื™ื™ื“ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžืจืืฉ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ื”ืฉืจ ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ื•ืœื ื ืžื ืข ืžืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ืืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื™ืœ ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉื” ืœ"ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื" ืฉื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ ืจ ื”ื•ื ื—ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ:
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืขื ืฃ ื”ืœื•ืœ ื•ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื•ืืฃ ืกื™ื›ื ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื. ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื‘ - 31.1.07 , ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” (ื•ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื•) ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™, ื•ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœื›ืš ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœ 7 (ื‘) ืœื›ืœืœื™ื, ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื™ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืžื™ื“. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื— ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืœืฉืจ ืื—ืจ ืื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืœืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืื™ืฉื™ ืœืื™-ืงื™ื•ื ื›ืœืœ ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื, ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืคื™ ื”ื› ืœืœื™ื ื•ืคื•ืขืœืช ืœื™ื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืจ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2006 ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื›ืŸ ืืœื ืจืง ื›ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ืœื ื”ืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื•ื ื™ื”ื•ืœืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ื ืžืฉื›ื” ืชื•ืคืขืช ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช . ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืกื›ื•ื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืš ืฉืœื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืชื. ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืงืจื•ื‘ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืื—ื“ ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืง ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ( 35.9% :) ืœ- 301 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืŸ839 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื•619 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื”. ืœืื—ื“ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืจื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื”, ืœืžืฉืœ: ืœืกื’ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื›ื• ื”ื™ื• 13 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืžืจื›ื–ืช ื”ื™ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” - 13 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืžืจื›ื–ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ - 9 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”; ืœืจื›ื–ืช ื’ื•ืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข- 8 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ืœืจื›ื–ืช ืœื•ื’ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ - 8 ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”. ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืื–ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ืชื ื”ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”: ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืขื›ื• ( 63.8% ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ ( 62.5% ( ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื“ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื 60% ), ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ( 53.6% ( ) ื•ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” 52.5% .)
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื ื•ืฆืจ ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื›ื ืกืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื”ื•ืœื ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœืœื ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ืชืงืŸ ืื™-ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“. ืขื•ื“ ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ืฉืœืขืฆืžื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžืื’ืจ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื” ื•ืœื™ื™ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ - ื”ืŸ ืžืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืŸ ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘ - ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื. ื›ืš ืืคืฉืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ืคื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื– ืœืขื ืคื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืจื‘ - ืฉื ืชื™ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืื•ืœื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืื•ืชื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืืžื ื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืคืขืœื” ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ - ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•"ื– ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2015 ), ืื•ืœืืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืงื•ื“ื ืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื™ -ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืชื ื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” . ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื ื•ื™ื“ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืฉื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืฉื ืง ื‘ืข. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืกืžืš , ื”ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ืชื ื™ื”, ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืœื›ืš ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2008 .ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื”ื ื•ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจื ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก .ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืž"ื™ - ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื ื•ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก. ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ื ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืจื—ื™ืงื•ืช ืœื›ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื™ื, ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื— ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ืงื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘, ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขื“ ื›ื” ื ืชืงืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ืงืฉื™ื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ืื• ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืž ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช. ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืืฃ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ืขืœ ืžื™ืจื‘ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืคื ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื” ืžืชืžืฉืš ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืช-ืื›ืœื•ืก ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื•ืื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืœืคื™ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœ. ืœื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชื“ืื’ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืžืž"ื™.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื• ืžืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืงื— ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฆื’ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœืŸ. . .ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืืœื• ืจืง ื‘ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”, ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ - ื›ืœ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื - ื’ื ืœื ื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ืžื—ื“ืœื• ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืื™ืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื’ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืœื ืœืžื•ืชืจ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœืœื ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ืฉื“ื™ื ื” ืžืืกืจ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. (ื‘) ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 ืกื•ื›ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” (ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ) ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ื” ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”. ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื•ื ืชืงื•ืคืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืชืกื•ื›ื ืœื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืขื•ื“ ื“ืžื™ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฃ. ื ืงื‘ืข ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื™ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืชื•ื•ื” ืœืชื™ืงื•ื ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื”.
ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื“ืช ื•ืชืงื ื•ืชื™ื•, ื—ื‘ืจืช ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืชื’ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืจ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื“ื•ื— ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืžื™ืžืฉ ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื™ื•ืฉ ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช .ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉ ื›- 4,000 ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ืื•ื™ืฉื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื”ืŸ ื›-330 ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–. ืœื ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืจืš ื ื“ืœ"ื ื™ ืจื‘, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื™ื–ืžื™ื ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืืœื ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื. ืฉื ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืฉืืœืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ืฉ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช: ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืฉื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ื ืจืื” ื‘ืื•ืคืง. ืขืœ ืž ืž"ื™ ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืกื›ืžืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื•ืฉ ืืœืคื™ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืฉื•ืžื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ืœืืœืชืจ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ืช. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืžืž"ื™ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื ื‘ืžืื” ื”- 21. ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื™ื“ื ื™, ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ, ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื• ืงืฉื” ืœืจื›ื–. ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื• ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ื™ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืขื•ื“ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
. ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืž"ื™ ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืžืจืืฉ, ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ื ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” 14 . ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื—ืœื”, ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืœื ื”ื—ื•ื›ืจ ืœืžืž"ื™ ืืš ื•ืจืง ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืกืžืœื™ื™ื (ื›- 700 ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ื”). ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื™ ื ื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื—ืงืœืื•ืช) ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืกืžืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ื‘ืžื’ืจืฉื™ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ื“ืžื™ ื—ื›ื™ืจื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ื• ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื”15.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืงึฐืœึธื˜ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื’ื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื— ื™ื•ึผื•ื™ึดื™ื ื•ื”ืชืจืื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื‘"ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื’ืœื” ืืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืข ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืกืœืง ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ. ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจ ื›ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื’ืจื ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื‘ืจืžืช ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืœื ืžืกืคืงืช, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื•ื ืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื’ื‘ื™ืช ืงื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื” ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื‘. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื“ื™ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœืœื ืืžืฆืขื™ ื ื™ื˜ื•ืจ (ืฉืื™ื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘"ื”) ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง. ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื™ืงื•ืช ื“ืจืš ืขืžื“ื•ืช "ื”ืœื‘ื ื”" ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื˜ืขื ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื”ืจืฆืœื™ื” ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืงื‘ืœื”, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื‘"ื” - ืœื ื ืขืฉื•.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช . ืจื‘ื ื™ ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื˜ืขืžื™ ืžื—ืœื” ืื• ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื‘ืืจืฅ, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืื’ืจ ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชืืคืฉืจื” ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืื•ืช ืœื—ื•"ืœ (ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื•ืช ืฉืืจื›ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืข), ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืœื ื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื’ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœื—ื•"ืœ. . ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื™ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื’ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืจื‘ ืฉื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ืฉื”ืจื‘ ืืžื•ืจ ืœืกืคืง, ื›ืžื• ืžืขื ื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ืชื™ื•ืช, ืชืคื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื• - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืคืขืœ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘, ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž-20 ืจื›ื–ื™ื• ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื77-55 ืžืฉืจืชื™ื, ื•ืœื45 . .ืžืฉืจืช ื–ื”, ืืš ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื. ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื™ืฉืงืคื• ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื—ืชื ืขืœ ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœ; ื”ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื— ื—ื ื™ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืชื• ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ื•ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืจืช ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืืžื ื ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืชืคืขืœ ื ืคื’ืฉ ืขื
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช, ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื‘ืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืฉืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš ื› - 1,500 ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืก ืงื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื• ืช ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืขื™ืงืจื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื• ืช, ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืœืืฉืจ ื–ืืช ื•ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื—ืจืื™. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืื ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื• ืžื™ ืฉืขื™ืงืจื• ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ, ื™ืฉ ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืขืกืงื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื–ื›ื™ืจึผื•ืช ืชืชืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจืื™.
525
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืคื•ืฆื•ืช . ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืคืจืกื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื“ืขืช, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื ืœืกืคืจ ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืฉืจ ืžื•ืคื– ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื“ืื–, ืœืฆื“ ื—ืชื™ืžืชื, ื•ืืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื•ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”. .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืœืค "ื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื, ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื›ื™ืœื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืื™ื ื• ืœืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืกืžื• ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืœืค"ื:
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ื“ืื– ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืค "ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืขืžื•ืชืช ืžืจื›ื– ืฉื–"ืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืค"ื ื‘ืืกืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื”. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™, ืขืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืค "ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืื ื”ื•ื ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื• ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืžืฆื‘ ื›ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืืกืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช.
526
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31.12.08 - ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื–ืงื•ืช .%20 ( ืžื”ืŸ18 )ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช27 . ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืื™ื ื• ืžืœื ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื›"ืœ, ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืงืฃ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืืช ืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื™-ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ืžื•ืžืฉื• ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ื“ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื›ื™ ืžื™ื“ ืข ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื, ื•ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืจื˜ื• ืœืฉื ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื•.
527
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ื”ื’ื ื” ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื ืืžื ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื‘ื”ืจื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื“-ื”ื•ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ืจืข ืžื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืงื‘ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืกืคืจืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืงืœืขื•ืช ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ ื”ืชืขื•ื“ื•ืช, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชืคืขืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืคื™ื 35 ื“(ื) ื•-35 ()ื™ื“(ื2 ) ืœื—ื•ืง ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ, ื•ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืืžืŸ. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื” ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ื ืืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื”
.ื•ืžืคื•ืจืฉืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื•, ื•ืื™ -ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื’ื ืžืฉืžืฉืช ืขื™ืœื” ืœืคืงื™ืขืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืืžืŸ. ืื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื™ื–ื•ื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ื ืžืฉืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจ ื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื–ื• ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื—ื•ื–ืจ, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ืืช ื“ืขืชื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจืกื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ืืก ืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื” ื™ื•ืกืงื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ. ืกื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ืžืจ ืืจื™ืง ืคืจืฅ, ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื. ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืืœื• ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื•ื’ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื ืœื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื•. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื–ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ื—ืชืžื• ืขื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ื–ืืช ืžื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื2.
.ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืจืš ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ืžืคื ื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื‘ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืขื™ืœื•. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื™ืืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื•ื™ื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื. ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื™ื•ืข ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืชืกื™ื™ืข ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื•ืช ืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืชื™ื ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืขืฉืชื” ื›ืŸ, ืœ ื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคื™ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ ืฉื•ืื” ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื•ื—ืœืงื ืืฃ ื”ืœื›ื• ืœืขื•ืœืžื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ืชื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืžืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ืžืจื›ื–ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืจื” ื›ืœืœ ืœืžืกืคืจื ื”ืขืฆื•ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืžื™ื“ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื, ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ื ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืกื™ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื‘ื™ืขืชื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืื™ื, ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ื™ื•ืช, ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืง ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœืื•ืช ืืœื• ืœื ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืงื™ืคื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืจื•ืคื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ื”ืจื‘, ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืข ืœื‘ื“ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืงืฉืจ ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื•ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช - ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืกืžื›ื” ืœื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ืŸ ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืฃ ื›ื™ ืชื“ืจื•ืš ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื•ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ืช, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื“ื™. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืœื›ืœืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื›ืื—ื“.
530
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ื–ืžืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื ืกื—ืจื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื’ื“ืจ ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื™ืฉ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื’ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ื˜ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื”. ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื–ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื›ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื”. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื ื‘ืฆืจ ืžื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™, ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”.
.ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื›ื ื’ื“ ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืœื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื•ื ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•, ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžื˜ื‘ืข ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืงื ืกื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ืจืฉื•ื.
531
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืž ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื, ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžื”ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ื ืงื•ื˜ ื™ื–ืžื” ืคืขื™ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื” ื›ืฉืœื™ื ืื• ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืกื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืžืกืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘, ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื”, ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”, ืื™ืจืœื ื“, ืืกื˜ื•ื ื™ื”, ื˜ื•ืจืงื™ื”, ืคืจื•, ืœื˜ื‘ื™ื”, ืกืœื•ื‘ืงื™ื”, ืฆ'ื™ืœื” ื•ืžืงืกื™ืงื•) ืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกืš, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืงืจืŸ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืœื”ืคืขืœืชื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื™ื™ื—ืก ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ. ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืชืคืœื’ื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ืกืจื™ื ื›ืœื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื• ืœื ืฆืœ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื™ืกื›ื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
. ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื. ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืงื˜ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืกื›ื™ื.
532
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืฉื™ื•ืจื™ ืœื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ . ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื”ืขืžืกื” ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ื‘ืกื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื• ืžืื– ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืฉื ืชื™ ื”ืงื•ื“ื. ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”, ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2010 , ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืคื™ ืกืขื™ืฃ ืงื˜ืŸ (ื‘).
.ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืฉื™ื•ืจื™, ื”ืคื•ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืคื•ื ื” ืืœื™ื•. ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื (ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื) ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™, ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžืคืงื—. ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœื ืงื‘ืข ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืืœื” (ืจื‘ื™ื ืžื”ื ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ื ื™ื) ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ื ืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื ื”ื’, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœ. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืคืงื— ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืคื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืจืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจื•ืช) ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื›ืœื™ ืจื›ื‘ ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœ. ื”ืคืกื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื’ื“ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืคืกื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื›ืš ืฉื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืคืงื— ืœืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืคื•ืœ ืžืฉืœื ืœืจื•ื›ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคื ื•ืขื™ื ื ืคื’ืขื™ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช. ื”ืคืกื“ื™ ื”ืคื•ืœ ืžื›ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืžืกื”" (ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช), ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœื›ืœืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉื™ืจืชื™ืข ืžืคื ื™ ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื, ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื•ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื ื”ื’ื™ื ืžืขื•ื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช. ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื, ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืง ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืชื—ืžื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ื, ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 1997 , ื•ื›ืŸ ืืช ืœื™ื•ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ; ืื•ืœื ื”ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ื•ื•ื ื“ืœื™ื–ื ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชืจื›ื–ื” ื”ืจืœ"ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ, ืืœื ืคืขืœื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืื–ื•ืจ ืจื›ืก ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื– ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ. ืขืงื‘ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื• ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื•ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชื•.
. ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืชืขื›ื‘, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื™ื 2006 - 2008 ื”ื™ื” ื ืžื•ืš - 1.3% , 21.1% ื•- 18.5% ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ, ืฉืขื“ ืžืจืก 2009 ื”ืกืชื›ื ื‘ื› -49.5 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• 10.7% ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืจ ื”ื–ื™ืชื™ื ื”ืชืขื›ื‘ ืืฃ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืจืœ"ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชืŸ ื›"ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื“ื—ื•ืคื•ืช" ืฉืื•ืฉืจื• ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2006 .
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื•ืขื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื“ ื›ื”. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ืกื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ื’ืฉืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื•ื”ื˜ืœืช ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื•ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื•ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืคื•ื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืงืจื˜ืœื™ื, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื• ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืชื•. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืง ื”ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื™ื- ืžืคืชื™ื—ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื” ื•ืขื“ ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช-ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช - ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืงื˜ืช, ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ - ืงื ืก ื›ืกืคื™ - ืขืœ ืžืคืจ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืœืœื ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜20 .
ืืžื ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฆื• ืžื•ืกื›ื ื”ื™ื ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื— ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ. ื•ืื•ืœื ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืคื™ ืฆื• ืžื•ืกื›ื - ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืžื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื’ื ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื - ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ -ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืจื•ืช ื•ืื™ -ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืžืชืงื‘ืœืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”, ืฉืืฃ ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื•ืœืชื”. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื™ื–ืžืชื” ืœื”ืงื ื•ืช ืœื” ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขื™ืฆื•ื ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™, ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืกื›ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื™ื ืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜.
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ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื”. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืžื ื•ืช. (ื—ืœ_ืฆ) . ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ - ื“ื•ื— ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืคืจืฉื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื•ืช"ืช ื•ืฉื ืงืจ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื’; ื›ืœืœื™ ืžืœ"ื’ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืœ"ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ื•ื‘ื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืจื‘ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”" ื•ืœื ืœ"ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื”". ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื’ื ืชื ืื™ ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื’ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ืื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช; ื ืจืื” ื›ื™ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชื ืื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ื™ืงื—ื• ื—ืœืง ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื•ื’ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืค ืจ ืืช ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื, ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืงืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ ื™ืฉ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. 2. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื” ืžืœ"ื’, ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ ื•ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”. ื”ื“ื•ื— ืฉืคืจืกืžื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ - 2008 ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื• ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ืœืงื” ืœืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ. ืขื ื–ืืช ื ืืžืจ ื‘ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืคืชื— ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื” ื–ื•, ืฉื›ืจื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืฉื›ืจ ืžืจืฆื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื•ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื”ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืœืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื ืžืื•ื“, ื•ืืœื” ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ืจืœ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืชื. 1 . ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฆื™ืื” ื•ืช"ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื› - 50% ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื•ืจืง ื›- 13% ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืง ืฉื ืงืจ ื‘ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ื‘' ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื˜ ื”ื™ื• ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”. ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื’ื ื›ื™ 61% ืžืžื•ืจื™ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืฉื”ืขืกื™ืง ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ ืกื’ืœ ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™ื (ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืžื•ืกืžืš ืื• ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ืชื•ืืจ ื•ืขื•ื–ืจื™ ื”ื•ืจืื”). ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ื‘ืกืžืกื˜ืจ ื‘' ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื˜ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ื ื“ืกืช ื›ื™ืžื™ื”, ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกื’ืœ ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื•ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ืžืœื‘ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ื•ืžืจืฆื” ืื—ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ื•ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ "ื”ืชื•ืืจ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ืจืžื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช -ืžื—ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืข, ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ื”ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ืขื•ืœื. ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืื“ื ืฉื”ืชื•ืืจ ืœื ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืœื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืžื˜ืขื”". ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ืž ืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืฉื ืงืจ ื‘ืžืชืŸ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš, ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืจืช ื—ื•ืง ืžืœ"ื’, ื›ืœืœื™ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืกืขื™ืฃ 29 ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื•ืช"ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื ืงื•ื˜, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžื“"ืจ ืง' ื•ืžื“"ืจ ื’' ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืœื”ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ืžืœ"ื’ ื•ื•ืช"ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืฉื ืงืจ, ืฉื”ืคืจ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืกื’ืœ ืืงื“ืžื™ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื’ื ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืงืจ ืฉื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชืืจื™ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืžื ืข ื–ืืช.
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ืฉื ืงืจ ื”ื ื“ืกื”. ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘. ืืžื ื•ืช. (ื—ืœ_ืฆ) . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงืจ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืขื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ืžื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื”ืกื›ืžืชื• ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืžืœื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืฉื™ืชืฃ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืงืจ, ืื• ืœืžืฆืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ืข ืื•ืชื. ื ื•ื›ื— ื ื™ืกื•ื— ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื ืขื“ืจ ืžื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืชื™ืจ ืขืžื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžื“ืžื™ ื”ืขืžืœื” (ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื›ืชื‘: "ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืชื ื•") ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื 30 ื•ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืžื”ืŸ ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ (ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ื›ื—ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ - ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2010 ,) ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ื”ืžืชื‘ืงืฉืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืกืงื”, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืœืคื—ื•ืช, ื”ืชื’ื‘ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ืฉื ืงืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2002 , ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืชืจื•ืžื”, ื—ืชืžื• ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื“ืื– ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืกืš ื›- 650,000 ืฉ"ื— ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™. ื‘ืกืคื— ื”ื”ืžื—ืื” ืฆื•ื™ืŸ: "ื“ืžื™ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืขื ืชืจื•ืžืช 'ื”ืงืจืŸ'". ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืžืœื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื ื™ื›ืจ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื“ืื– ืฉืœื ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืจืš, ืืœื ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืฉื ืงืจ ืื™ื ื ื ืชืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื“ืื–, ืฉืœื˜ืขื ืชื ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ืขืžืœื” ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขืžื•, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืœื ืืช ื”ืขืžืœื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืจืง ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืžื—ืื”.
537
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืจื” ืœื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื™ืžื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ "ื“ืœืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช" ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืื™ืชืŸ ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ื”. ื‘ื›ืš ื ืฉ"ื ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื”. .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื›ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืขืœื™ื” ื’ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžืกื’ืจืช ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืชืฉืงืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“. .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื•ื—ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืจืฆื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื•ืขืžื™ื“ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืชื• ื•ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืจื™ื’. ื”ื›ื•ืœ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ืœื’ื•ืคื• ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉื›ืœื•ืช.
1. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื› ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื’ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืืœื”, ื—ืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
538
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื•ื”ื ื—ืœืช ืœืงื—ื™ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš 2. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจ ื“ ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืžืœื™ืฅ. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื ืœ"ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”" ืฉืœื• ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ืœื›ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืœืง ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืขืจื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืจื™ื”ื ื•ื‘ื”ืขืฉืจืชื, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ื. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ื’ืœื’ืœื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืชื” ืœืคืชื—ื™ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืชื—ื•ื ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืœื›ืŸ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืคื—ื•ืชื” ืžื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžืž"ื“.
ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื™ืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช. ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืฉื•ืื” ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ืžื•ื ืขืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืื—ืจ ื•ืฉื™ื— ืขืจื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื™ื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช.
539
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš .ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจืš ื™ืขื™ืœื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ, ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœ"ืœืงื•ื— ืฉื‘ื•ื™", ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ื” ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื›ื™ ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื•ื™ืื•ื™ืฉื• ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
.ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื ืื•ืชื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืคืจื“ืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื›ื–ืืช ืคื•ืชื— ืคืชื— ืœื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจืช ืœื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœืชืช ืœืื ืฉื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืจืฉืื•ืช ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ.
540
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื•ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื• ืขื ืื—ื“ ืขืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ื•ืชื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื›ืš. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืชืžืฆื™ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื™ืžืฆืื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ืจื™ืง ื—ืชื•ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืžืฉืงืคืช ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ, ืžื” ื’ื ืฉืืช ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื›ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืฉืœื•ื.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื›ืฆื™ื ื•ืจ ืœื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื›ืกืคื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ืœื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื•ืชืžื•ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื” ืฉื™ืœื ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื›ืžื”
541
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืคืจืก ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ื ื” ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื• ืขืœ ืคืจืกื•ื ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืžืฉืงืœืŸ ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ื ืคืจืก ื•ืื—ืจื™ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืœืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืคืจืก, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืžืืžืฅ ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ืคื ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืฉืชืฃ ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืคื ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
542
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืžืกื•ื’ื•, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื•ืื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ืกืชืคืงื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ื ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ื”. ืืฃ ืฉื  ืžืฆืื• ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืง ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืงื™ื™ื. ื‘ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ืŸ ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื•. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื“ืจืฉ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื•ืจืคื” ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื”ื‘ื”ืจืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืชื™ื•, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœื™ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืžื•ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ืงืจืช ื”ืชืงืŸ, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืœืืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื‘ืข ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืชืช ืฉืขื•ืช ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืชื• ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช. ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ืœืขืชื™ื ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช, ืจืื• ืขืฆืžื ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืชื™ื—ืช ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื ืชืงื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื ื“ื‘ืš ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ - ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืคืขืจื™ื ื•ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื—ืœืฉื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ืœืขื™ืœ ื ื™ืชื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ืœืื• ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืชื’ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ื™ื ื•ืฆืœื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืชืงืŸ. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘"ืื•ืคืง ื—ื“ืฉ".
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ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื™ื .ืขื•ื“ ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื’"ืฅ, ื‘ื”ืขืจืช ืื’ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืคื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืฆื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืงืฉื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ื ืืฃ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืขื™ื•ื•ืชื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื. ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ืฉืฉื•ืช ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืจืฆื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืชืŸ ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช "ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื - ื›ืงื™ื•ื ืื™-ืชืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื“ืจื› ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื, ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ื•ื›ืŸ ืžื ื™ืขืชื ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื..."57 .ื‘ื’"ืฅ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจ ื—ืงื™ืงืชื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื•ืืฃ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™, ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืื—ื™ื–ื” ืžืกืคืงืช ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžืขืžื™ื“ื” ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ืคืกื•ืœื™ื ืžื—ืžืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื58. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืคืขืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื; ื‘ื›ืš ื ืคื’ืขืช ื”ืฉืžื™ ืจื” ืขืœ ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื• ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืœืœื™ื ื•ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ื•ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืœื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ืชื, ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื•ืื™-ืชืœื•ืช ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืกืง ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื•ืกื“.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืข ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช , ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2009 , ืœื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœืฉืจ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขืœ ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคืกืงืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืคื•ืกืงื™ื ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ 80 , ื•ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืฉื˜ืจื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื’ื™ืœ 80.
544
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ื‘ืฉืœืžื• ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื›ืœื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื•ืœื ื ื”ื ื” ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื• ืื™ืœื• ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืกื•ืคืงื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืกื“ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืฉ ืืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื›ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืกื“ืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืžื ื ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ืฉืืœืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ืื•ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืฉืืœื” ื–ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืชืฉืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื•.
. ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชื›"ื, ืžื ืขื” ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
545
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืงื•ื ืกื•ืœื™ื” ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืข ืœื™ื“ ื”ืื•_ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉื›ืจ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืจื‘ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™ื•ืช ืœื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข. ืฉืœื™ื— ืฉื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืฉื›ืจ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื• ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืžื”ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฉืœื ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉ. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ืฉื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื”, ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื› -600 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœ - 8,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ, ื•ืื™ืœื• ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื™ืœื ืœื”ื ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืงืฆื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ืœื ื›ืœืœ ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืจื˜ื™ื. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืœื ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจื—ื™ื ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื”ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ืจืคื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื—, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ื”ืŸ ืื™ -ืืคืฉืจ ืœื“ืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ื”ื™ื• ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืฉืจ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืจืง ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ื— ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืœืื™ืจื•ื— ืคืจื˜ื™. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืœื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื—ืกืจ, ืขื•ืฉื” ืคืœ ืกืชืจ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ืืฉืจ ืœืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ืžื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ื— ื‘ื‘ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืžื™ื“ืชื™ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื‘ืจืš ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ืืกื•ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืคืขืœื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื—ื’ื™ื’ื•ืช ื™ื•ื ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื•ืช.
546
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ . ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ 2. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืœื ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆืื• ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชื, ื•ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื˜ืจื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2004 ื‘ืžืชื—ื ื‘' ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืง80% ืžื”ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืชื—ื, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ืœืงืชื” ื‘ื—ืกืจ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœื ื™ืžื›ื•ืจ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื‘ืŸ ืœืงื•ื™ ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช, ืฉืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉื™ืชืงืฉื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจื˜ื ื™ ืืช ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžื•ื‘ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืขืฆืžื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•; ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื™ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ
547
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกืข - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžื“ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœืœื™ื•ืช ืœืœื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืขืžื“ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืชืœื•ื ื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ืชืœื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ืื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ืœืื— ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ื›ื•ื ืกื• ื•ืœื ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื - ืžื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืžืชื ืขื“ 2008 , ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื“ื ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ื”ืชื—"ืฆ ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”. ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ., ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื—ืœื• ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื“ื™ืžื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ืื™ื ื• ื ื•ื— ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื“ืื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœื ื•ืกืขื™ื ืœืขื•ืžืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืœืฉื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
548
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืงื• ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื - ื”ืงืžืช ืงื˜ืข ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืจื™ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืžืกืžืš ื”ืžืกื›ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื  ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืžื ื”ืจื” ื”ืืจื•ื›ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช. ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2006 ื”ืขืจื™ืš ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื, ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืœื™ืžื” ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžืŸ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ืœื ืคื™ืจื˜ื” ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ื—ืชื™ืžืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
549
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื™ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื” ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ืœื›ืŸ ื ื•ื“ืขืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“. ืขื ื–ืืช ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืžืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืชืงื•ืคืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ืžืŸ. ืจืื•ื™ ืืฃ ืœืขื’ืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื” ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืœืžื•ื ื™ื. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ -34 ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ -30 (88% ) ื”ื™ื• ื”ืฉื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ืชื™ืง: ื‘-13 (81% ) ืž-16 ,ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘-17 (94% ) ืž-18 .ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉื“ ืœืขื‘ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ืช ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื— ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืชื™ืง ืค"ื ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืืคืฉืจ ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืชื™ืงื™ ืค"ื ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื˜ื™ื‘ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื. 2. ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื™ืช ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืืœื™ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ืฉื“ ืžืžืฉื™ ืœืจืฆื—, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ืกื•ื•ื’ื• ื›ืชื™ืงื™ ืค"ื ืืœื ื ืฉืืจื• ื‘ืกื™ื•ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืชื™ืงื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื›ื›ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืืœื™ื” ืœื’ื ื™ื–ื”.
550
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” (ื) ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืชื "ืฅ ืื’ื‘ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืคื–"ืž : ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2007 ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2008 ืงื•ื“ืžื•20 ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืชื "ืฅ. ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžื”ื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืืฃ ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ื ืฆ"ื ืื• ืฉื˜ืจื ืขื‘ืจ ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ืœืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื“ืจื’ืชื. ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ื›ื™ ื™ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœื“ืจื’ ืช ืชื "ืฅ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2009 ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื“ืœืขื™ืœ. ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืืฃ ืฉืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ื—ืจื’ ืžื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื: ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ืœืงื“ื ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ืฉื ื™ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ืžื™ืœืื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืชื™ื”ื, ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ืžื• ืœืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช - ื”ืื—ื“ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ืกื  "ืฅ ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืœื“ืจื’ืช ื ืฆ"ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื:
ื‘ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ืช 2006 ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ื“ืื– ืœืžื ื•ืช ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื) ื‘ื“ืจื’ืช ืชื "ืฅ; ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ืฉื’ื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืื– 5119 , ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ ื ื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ื“ืื– ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืชื "ืฅ ื•ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืชื• ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื. ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืืฉ ืืž"ืฉ ื“ืื–, ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื’ื‘ื™ ื’ืœ, ื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ืœืงืฆื™ืŸ, ื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉืกื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืงื“ ื™ื ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ, ื•ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืžืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ืขื ื• ืœืืคืœื™ื”, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืจื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื™ื•ืขืจ ื›ื™ ืขื•ื“ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ - ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2006 - ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ืฉืื™ืŸ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื” ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืขืจืขื•ืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื” ื•ื“ื™ืข ืืช"ื‘ ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2006 ื™ื‘ื•ื˜ืœื• ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ ื•ื“ืจื’ืช ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“20 . ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื›ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืื—ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2006 , ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ื”ืฉืจ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค ื•ื”ืžืคื›"ืœ ืœืืฉืจ ืฉื•ื‘ ืชืงืŸ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื” ืืช ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ื•ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฉื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื•ืžืคืงื“ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ืชื• ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2007 ืžื•ื ื” ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื–ื”. ืขื ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืจืก 2008 , ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื”ืชืงืŸ ืฉื•ื‘. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื›ืจื• ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ื”"ื“ ืœืขืจืขื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›- 40,500 ืฉ"ื—; ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ื™ืฉ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ, ื ืฉื ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื ื—ืกื›ืช ืื ื”ืชืงืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ. ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื—ืจื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืžื›ืœืœื™ื”, ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื–ืžื ื™ ืœืชืงืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ื•ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื”ืชื’ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืืจื•ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื—.
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ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช . ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืชืœื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ืฉื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืื™ืŸ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื ืžืžื ื• ื ื™ืช ืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืงืจืžื™ืงื” ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื™ืฆื•ืฃ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืฉืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืœื ื”ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืชื™ืช, ืืœื ื ืขืฉื• ืœืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ืŸ, ืœืคื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• "ื“ื—ื•ืคื™ื". ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืงื™ื™ื ืจืง ืคืขื ืื—ืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช; ื‘ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื” ืจื›ืฉื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช 24 ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื. ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื•ืฆื™ืื” ืžื—ืœืงืช ื‘ื ื"ื ื”ื–ืžื ืช ืงื ื™ื™ื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืกื•ืคืงื• ืœื›ื ืกืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ , ืฉื›ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื ื"ื ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ื ืกืช, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ืชืจื™ืข ื‘"ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช" ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืœืžื ื›"ืœ, ืœื—ืฉื‘ ื•ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช. ืžืžืฆืื™ ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ื ืกืช ืคืขืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืฉืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืฉื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” . ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ืžืช ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชืงืจื‘ื™ื ืœื’ื™ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”, ืื™ืŸ ื˜ืขื ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ื‘ื˜ืจื ืขืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืชืŸ ื”ื” ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืชื ืื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ. (ื) ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ, ืžืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ืช ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ืื™-ืงื‘ืœืช ื“ืจื’ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืงื“ืžื” ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืœืฉืžื•ื ื” ืž -13 ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืฉื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืขื ื™ืงื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื“ืจื’ื” ืื—ืช ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืœืง ื‘ืœืชืŸ. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžืชืŸ ื“ืจื’ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืžืชื‘ื˜ื ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืœืฉื›ืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื”. (ื‘) ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ืชื ื” ืœืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ - ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ื˜ื™ืกื” ืื• ื ื•ืคืฉ, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•"ืžืขื ืง ื”ื›ืฉืจื”" (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ื ืžืฆื ืฉื’ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื ื”ื’ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชืช ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉืคืจืฉื•. ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื”ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”, ืืš ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื–ื•:
.ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ืžืœ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืกื› ื•ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื (ืชืฉืœื•ื ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืžืชืŸ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืกืงืช ืœื”ืœืŸ [ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืคืกืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ]ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžื›ืกื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื”), ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื.
553
ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื’ื•ืคื ื™ ื•ืœืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ - ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008 - ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2008 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืžืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2008 , .ื›ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ื ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืืœื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ, ื ื•ื›ื— ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืค ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืฆื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืชื ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื. ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืœืžื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื ื“ื•ื ื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื”.
ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืจื‘ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2008 ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืกื‘ืจื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ื”ื ืœื ืœื™ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืข ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืกื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืขืžื“ ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ.
554
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื•ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืžืชื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืืจื›ืช ืชืงื•ืคืชืŸ, ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืจืืฉ ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœืฉืžื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื”. ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื•ืคืขื” ื–ื• ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงื•ื“ืžืช14.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืŸ ืืกืžื›ืชืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื ืžืกืจื• ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืื• ืœื’ื•ืจื ืื—ืจ ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœืœื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื•ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื” ื•ืœื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืจืš ื”ืžื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ. ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ื›ื—ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื’ื ืœืฉื ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ; ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื–ื” ืžื•ืฆื“ืงื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื™ ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื”
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืชื ื ื’ืขื• ืœืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”, ื•ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”, ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื ืชื ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื”ื•ืœื ืœืขืžื“ืชื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื•ื ืคื’ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื. ื—ืจืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ื”ื‘ื™ืขื” ื”ืจ"ื™ ืืช ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื” ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” - ืฉื ืช 2006 - ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช (ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ) ืœื ื”ื•ืฉื’ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจ"ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
.ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืขืœื™ ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืจื‘. ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืœื” ื•ืœืžืกื—ื•ืจื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื”, ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”, ืœืžืฉื™ื›ืช ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืชื™ื”. ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื” - 2000 ื”ื—ืœื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืกื—ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข. ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื•ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื“ื ื• ื‘ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื— ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005 , ืื•ืœื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื ื ืฉืื” ืคืจื™ ื•ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจ. ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืื™-ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื ืžืฉื›ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื›ืขืฉื•ืจ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืชืžืœื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžืกื—ื•ืจ. ืขืงื‘ ื–ืืช ื ื’ืจืž ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืฉืงืฉื” ืœืืžื•ื“ ืื•ืชื. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœ"ื‘ืจื™ื—ืช ืžื•ื—ื•ืช" ื•ืœื–ืœื™ื’ืช ื™ื“ืข ืžื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ืฉืคื™ืจื•ืฉืŸ ื ื–ืง ืžืชืžืฉืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื• ื‘ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ, ื”ืŸ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™. ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ - ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ืช ื•ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช - ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืœื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื•ืืฃ ื‘ืืจืฅ ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืคื™ืชื—ื•, ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื, ื•ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉืžืŸ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช. ืืฉืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ .ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืชืงืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืื—ืจ (ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืื• ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”). ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืชื ื” ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืžืฆื•ืงื” ื ืคืฉื™ืช ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืคืจื˜ื™. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื—ืกืจื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื›ืœืœ. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื™ ืืžืฆืขื™ื, ื•ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื˜ื•ืคืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ. ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืžืคื” ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื’ื‘ ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืงืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืชืงืŸ ื™ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื™ื™ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื–ืงื•ืง ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื ืคืฉื™ื™ื ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื”. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ืืช ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื™ื. 1. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืคืื•ืช ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ื—ืœืงื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื. ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื•ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™.
. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืคื ื• ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืŸ ืœืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื: ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื - ืžื ื”ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœื™ ืžืกืจ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ "ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืื™ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืขื ื• ื”ืงืžืช ืฉืœื•ื—ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœื ื ืขื ื™ื ื•"; ืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื - ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืœื™ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ ื ื”ืจื™ื™ื” ืคื ืชื” ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืจืคืืชื™ ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืฉืคื•ื– ืืš ื ืขื ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืœื”. ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื, ืคื ื• ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ื•ืœืจืืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืจืคืื”. ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืžืจืคืื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ื‘ืคืชื— ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืคื ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืœื—"ื› ื”ืจื‘ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืœื™ืฆืžืŸ, ืกื’ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืื•ืœื ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืžืจืคืื” ืœื ื ืขื ื•. ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ื‘ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ,ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืื™ ื ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจื”: ื”ื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ื•ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ (ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืจื™ืืœื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืฆืžืฆืžืช ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช); ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ืฉื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื•ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ; ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ื” ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืกืžื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื; ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ืžื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืชืงื‘ืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื•ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื”; ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืจืจืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื’ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกื‘ืกื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื; ื ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืื•ื–ื ื™ื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืžื’ื“ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื’ื™ืจืขื•ื ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืชืชื™ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื’ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืฉื™ืชื ื• ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืคืŸ. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003 ื”ืขืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ืชืงืจื•ืช ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ืกื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื, ื’ืจืžื• ืœื›ืœืœื™ืช ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื—ื“ ืœืžืฉื ื”ื•, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ื. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื’ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืคื” ืœื ืžืคื ื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกืคืงืช, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžื—ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื–ื” ื•ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ. ื”ืกื˜ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืฃ ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ืžื•ืกื˜ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื›ื–ื” ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืžืฉืง
ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืชื•ืืจื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื ื•ื›ื— ื˜ืขื ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฉื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืœืจืขื” ืขืœ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืžืื•ืฉืคื–ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื•.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื•ืŸ (ืžืœืจ_ื“ื™ื) ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื - ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื™ื•ื ืคืงื• ืžื•ื“ืคืกื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฆื™ืืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืฉื ื›ืš, ื•ืื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืจื•ืคื ื”ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืžื–ืขืจื™. ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืชืœ ื”ืฉื•ืžืจ ื•ื”ืขืžืง ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉื ืžืกืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื™ื“. ื‘ื”ืขืžืง ื ืกืจืง ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืื—ืกื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืืš ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืžืกืžืš ืžื•ื“ืคืก. ื‘ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืžืœื‘ื“ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืžื”ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจื™, ืฉืืจ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“. ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ ื”ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืืžื ื ื™ืฉ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ื“ืคื™ืก ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืืš ืœื ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื ืฉืืจ ืจืง ืขื•ืชืง ืฉืœ ืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ืืฃ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืžื›ืชื‘ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื ืกืจืง ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžืง, ืฉื’ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืกื•ืจื•ืงื”, ื”ืžืœื™ ืฆื” ืฉื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•/ืื• ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืคื•ื ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื”.
)(ื‘ ืื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจืื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืžืคื•ืฆืœ: ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืคื•ืฆืœ ืœืชืช -ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื™ื . ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžืง, ืฉื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื ืคืจื“ื™ื ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืจื•ืจื’ื™ ื•ืœืžื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื ืชืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืชืช -ืžื—ืœืงื” ื‘ืžืœืจ"ื“ ืชื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืžืฉืžืจืช ืขื ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ. ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืขืžืง ื•ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ืœืžืฉืœ, ืื—ืจืื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืž ืจืช (ืฉื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื•ืจื•ืงื” ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื‘ืขืœืช ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืขืœ-ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื“ื—ื•ืคื”) ืžื•ืคืงื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืœืงื™ ื”ืžืœืจ"ื“. ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ื’ื ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ืž_ืจ - ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉื—ื•ืจื’ืช ืžืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™, ื’ืœื•ื™ ื•ืžืกื•ื“ืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” - ืœืคื™ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืคืช"ื— ื•ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช, ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›"ื. ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ ืขืœื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืืชืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืžื”ืกืคืง. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืคืขืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘ - 1992 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื) ื•ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื’- 1993 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื) ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืžื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื•ืœื ื—ืชื ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื”ืกื›ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืืœื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืชืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืกืคื— ื”ื ื–ื›ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืชื. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื ืœืกืคืง ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2003 ืชืžื•ืจืช ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ืชื›ื ื”. ื”ืชืžื•ืจื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืชื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื”, ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืž - 1998 ื•ื”ืชื•ืกืคืช ืž - 2001 , ื›-11 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2009 (ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืข"ืž). ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืกืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืขื•ืœื”, ืฉื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ืชื›ื ื” ื”ืกืชื›ืžื• ื‘ื›-50 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—ื›-40 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸืฉ"ื— ืžื”ื ืฉื•ืœืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื .2006 -2009 .
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ืžืก ืขืจืš ืžื•ืกืฃ ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ืื™ืœืช ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื•. ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื“ื•ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืข ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืจื•"ื— ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืฆืžื, ืืœื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื” ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืจื›ื™ืฉื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ื›ืœืคื™ ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ืช ืขืกืง ืฉื™ื ืฆืœ ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžืข"ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ ื.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืฉ ื•ืช ืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2009 , ืœืฉื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื–ื›ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืžืข "ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ืœืคืจืกื•ื ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืžืชื•ืงืŸ.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืœืฉื ื™ื 2007 -2009 ืœื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ ืฉื˜ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ื›ืœืœืชื ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืœื˜ ื—ืœืง ืžืชืงื‘ื•ืœื™ื”ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืžืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœืง ื‘ืœืช ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืžืก. ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฉื•ื ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•ื• ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื” ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื›ืœืœื” ืฉืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ื ื—ืฉื“ ืœื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœื ืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉื‘ื” ื ืฉืงืœื• ื›ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืขืฉื” ืกืงืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงื™ืฃ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืฃ ืฉืกืงืจ ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื”ื ืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืชืชืจื—ืฉ ืชืงืœื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืขืœื˜ื” ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื’ื– ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 50% ืžื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืžืฉืง. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ื’ื– ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 ื•- 2011 , ื”ื™ื ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืช ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ื“ืœืงื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืืคืฉืจ ืฉื’ื ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืœืขื™ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื•ื˜ื•ืจื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื‘ืž ืกื’ืจืช ืชืž"ื 41 ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืื—ืจืช, ืฉื‘ื” ืชื™ืงื‘ืข, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคืจื™ืกืชื ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืชื•ืื ืฉืœ ืชืž"ื 41 ,ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื”ื’ื– ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืจื‘- ืชื—ื•ืžื™ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ืืžื•ืจ ืœืฉืžืฉ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืขืจืš ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืฃ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืœื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืขืฆืžื•. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื•ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื™ื—"ืคื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื ืื™ื”ื, ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื—"ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืง ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ื•ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืžืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื—"ืค ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื•ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ื— ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืงื™ื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื• ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉืœ ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืก, ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืจื›ืฉ ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ "ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ืจ" ืžื“ื’ื .CL-415 , ืฉื”ื™ื” ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœ ื›- 1.110 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—, ืžืขืœื” ืกืคืงื•ืช ื”ืื ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืชื•ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื”ืฉืงื™ืข. ื–ืืช ื’ื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”, ืฉื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื•ืœื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืฉื ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื ื“ื•ืŸ - ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืฆื”"ืœ ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ "ื‘ื•ืžื‘ืจื“ื™ืจ" - ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืงืœื™ื (ืžืกื•ื’ "ืื™ื™ืจ-ื˜ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ"), ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฆื• ื’ื ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจ. ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ืœื”ืœืŸ: ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ื—ืœืฉื” ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืจืฃ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ื ื”ื—ืจื™ืฃ. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉืจืคื” ื‘ื›ืจืžืœ ืฉืื™ืจืขื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2010 ื™ื–ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ืžืจ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื ืชื ื™ื”ื•, ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืก ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ื‘ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืงืฆื‘ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ 14 ื™ืžื™ื ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” "ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ืžื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ". ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืจ ืœื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžื•ื˜ืก ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืฉื’ืจื” ื•ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื• ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื›ื‘"ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ื‘"ื” ื‘ืขืž"ื˜ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™, ื•ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืกืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ื‘"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจ ืืœ ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืชืืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืฉืืœื™ื”ืŸ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžืขื ื”, ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื™ืฉื•ืชืคื• ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจืš ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืื•ื•ื™ืจื™, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื›ื‘"ื”, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืฉืจืคื•ืช.
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ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช . ื“ื•ื— ื’ื•ื˜ืคืจื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืจืกื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ,. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 2006 ื•ืขื“ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืœื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืž ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืžืกื—ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื—ืœืงืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืœืื•, ื™ื™ื–ืžื• ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื—ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื™ืชื ื• ื’ื ืžืขื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืขื™ืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืงื‘ื™ืขื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืžืกื—ื•ืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืื• ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืื™ื ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื” ื—ื“-ืžืฉืžืขื™, ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื™ื™ืชื ื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืขื ื”. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ืฉืืœื•ืช: ื”ืื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืคื˜ื ื˜; ื”ืื ืœื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืงืฉืช ืžืžืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆืืชื• ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ื”ืžืฆืืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช; ื”ืื ืœืฉื—ืจืจ ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ืžื•ืกื—ืจื• ื•ืžืชื™; ื”ืื ืœื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช; ื•ื”ืื ืœืืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฆื™ื ืœื”ืงื™ื ื—ื‘ืจื”.
,ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ื•ืœืคื™ื• ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืื•ืช ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื•ืคื˜ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช. ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื™ืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ืจื“ื• ืœื˜ืžื™ื•ืŸ.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ื’ืฉืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช "ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื›ืš" ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžื•ืช ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืช (ืชื ืื™ ืกืฃ) ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™. ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื”. ืืฉืจ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืชืืžืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืฉื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชื ืื™ื• ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ืืช ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื•ืืฃ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื–ืขืจื™ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืžืกืจื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• - ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆ ื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ืชืชืจื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื•ืฉื›ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืชืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉ ืœื” ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื, ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื”ื’ ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื›ื“ืื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืื•ืคืฆื™ื”20 . ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ืฉื”ื–ืžื ื•ืช ืจื›ืฉ ื™ืชื‘ืฆืขื• ื‘ืฉืขื” ืฉื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ.
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ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืขื•ืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœื”ื•ืœื›ืช ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ื•ืœื ืชื’"ื– ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืŸ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืืคืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืคืขืœื” ื•ื”ื–ืจืžื” ืชืงืคื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืชื• ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸืœื ื ืชื ื” ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ืฉืœืžื” ืœืฉื•ื ืžืชืงืŸ ืื• ืžืงื˜ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืคืงืข ืชื•ืงืคื ืฉืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉื ืชื’"ื– ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื’ื– , ื”ื™ื ืžื–ืจื™ืžื” ื’ื– ื˜ื‘ืขื™ ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื’"ื– ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืœื›ื” ื•ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ืคื™ืงื” ืœืงื—ื™ื ืžืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื“ืง ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืงืฆืชื ื’ื ื’ืจืžื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืฆื•ืช ืœืงื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื–ื•ืงื• ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื ื’ืจื ืœืžืฉืง, ื”ืžื•ืขืจืš ื‘ื› -100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืงื ื™ ื”ื’ื– ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื ืชื’"ื– ื•ื—ื—"ื™ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืžืชื•ืงืŸ ื•ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืขืกืง.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื•ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืคื ื™ ืืกื•ื ื•ืช .ืžื‘ื™ืจื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืœื—ื™ืž ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช: ืžืœื—ืžืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื•ืคืจืช ื™ืฆื•ืงื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžืกืคืง. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื’ื ืขืœ ื”ืชืืžืช ื™ืชืจืช ื”ื ื–ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืชืจื—ื™ืฉื™ ืืกื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืขื•ืจืฃ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžืชืงื ื™ื” ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช, ื•ืœ ื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื‘ืขืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื. ื–ื” ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืœื ืขื“ื›ื ื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืืช ืกืงืจ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื” ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื ื–ืง ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืžืคื"ืจ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืข ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—. ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืจื›ืฉื” ืคื•ืœื™ืกืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืœื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืกืงืจ ืฉืœ ืขืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื›ื™ื ื•ืŸ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžืื™ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืคื"ืจ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื‘ื” ื–ื” ื›ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื. ืžืฉื›ืš, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืฉื•ืคื” ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื—ืกืจ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืก ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื” ืขืงื‘ ื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืฉืœ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืžืจืืฉ - ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ืžืŸ. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืจืฉื•ืช ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืœื›ืš ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช.
568
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืœืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืขืจืจ ืœื ืžื ื”ืœื•ืช ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ืžืชืขื“ ืืช ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื•ืืŸ ืœืืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืžื•"ืค ืื• ืœื“ื—ื•ืชืŸ, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™, ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืžืก ืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช.
.ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื•ืœืขื’ืŸ ืืช ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืืฉืจ ืžืœื•ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ืขืŸ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ื“ืข, ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื•ืข.
569
ื ืชื™ื‘ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื - ืžืข_ืฆ - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื“ืจื›ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื•ื’ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื‘ืฆื“ื™ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื. . ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ืœื ืคื ืชื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื” 5 (ื’) ืœืชืงื ื•ืช, ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœืืฉืจ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื™ื™ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื“' ื ื™ืชื ื” ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื˜ืœืชื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื›ืชืฉืขื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ื›ืœืœื” ืื•ืชื” ื‘ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืœื”. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืขืœ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื” ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉืคืจื•ืŸ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข, ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“' ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื• ื‘ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื–ื• ืžืขืœื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืกืช ื”ืกึทืคึธึผืง ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ืกืคืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื ืจืฉื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื“'. ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื›ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื ื•ืžืงื” ืืœื ื ืจืฉื "ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืืฉืจ". ืžืขื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ, ืžืžืœื ืžืงื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื“ืกื” ื•ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ื•ืกื’ื ื• ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื•. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืžืขืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืืฃ ืื™ืชืจื” ืžืงืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ื‘ื• ืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืจืืฉ ืื’ืฃ ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ืืฃ ื™ืฉื‘ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื. ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ื“ ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ, ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืคืจื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืืฉืจ.
570
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืฆื™ื•ื“, ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืชืงื ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ืืช ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” - ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœืฉื ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ื ืขืฉืชื” ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช: ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ื•ืฉื™ืคื•ืฆื™ื - ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• "ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช" ื•ืœื "ื˜ืขืžื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื" ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืชืŸ ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืœืœื ืžื›ืจื–. ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืงื‘ืœื ื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื™ื ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืคื•ืžื‘ื™ ืœื ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืืช ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจืจื” ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืžืฉืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช. ืœื• ื ื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžื›ืจื–, ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื ืื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื•. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ, ืฉื›ืŸ ืœืคื™ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืœืื—ืจ ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืกืคืงื™ื, ืœืคื™ ืกื›ื•ื ื”ืขืกืงื”. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืœืขืชื™ื ื”ื•ื–ืžืŸ ืคืจื™ื˜ ืขืœ ืกืžืš ืื•ืชื” ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื—ืœื•ืฃ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื ืชื™ื ืชื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกืขื™ืฃ 34 (1 ) ืœื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื–ื•ืœื” ืžืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืง ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืื™ื ื” ืขื™ืœื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–. ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžืžื™ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืข ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆืขื”, ื•ืื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื™ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื–ื•ื›ื”. ืื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืขืกืงื™ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆืขื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื”, ืืœื ื‘ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื›ืจืช , ื• ื‘ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืชื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื›ืจื–.
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ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ื›ื–ื” ืขื•ืžื“ืช ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืžื˜ืจืช ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ื”ืชื™ืื’ื•ื“, ืฉื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžืžื™ืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืขืžืก ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื”ืžืก ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“ ืฉืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉืชืŸ, ืื™ื ื” ืจืื•ื™ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืช"ืง, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžื—ื•ืงืง ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ืจืคื•ืจืžืช ืชื™ืื’ื•ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืง ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืกื’ื•ืจ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืช"ืง ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืžืชืŸ ืชืžืจื™ืฆื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืก, ืฉื™ื‘ื™ืื• ืœื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืืช"ืง ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื›ื ืกืช, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืขืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืกื‘ืจ ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ืฆืขืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืฉืง ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
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ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืชืจื•ืช ืžื˜ื‘ืข ื—ื•ืฅ - ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ .ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืฉืžื™ืจื” ื•ื”ืฆื’ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืงื•ืฉืจ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืชื™ืื•ื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื™ื“ ืœืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื‘ื ืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžื˜"ื—.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ืฉื”ื‘ื ืง ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง, ืœืžืœื ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื ืžืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ื—ืชืžืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ื” ืขื™ืงืจื™ ื”ืื™ืกื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื• ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื ืง ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืขื•ืกืงืช ื‘ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ืžื˜"ื— ื‘ืคืจื˜, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ืฉืœื‘ื ืง ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืจื•ื›ื– ื•ืžืื•ืจื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื‘ื ืง ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ืžื›ืœืœื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืžืขืจื›ืช - ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื, ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉ ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื”ืกืคืง ืœื”ืกื‘ืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2009 ื•ืขื“ ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011 ,, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืขืœื•ืชืŸ ืžืกืชื›ืžืช ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื—ืชื ืขืžื• ื”ืกื›ื ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“, ื•ื‘ืœื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื (ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ), ื”ืชืฉื "ื’ - 1993. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืžื›ืจื– ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 . ืื ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืกื‘ืจื• ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจ ืขื ื”ืกืคืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื–, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœื›ืš ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืกืคืง. ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืžืคืงื“ืช ื”ื–ืจื•ืข ื›ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœืืฉืจ ื”ืงืžืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื‘ืื™ ืœื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ืœื”ื˜ืžืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ืžืื ืฉื™ ืฆื‘ื ื•ืžืื ืฉื™ ื”ืกืคืง ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืขืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืก ื›ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืกืคืง. ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉื ืชืŸ ื”ืกืคืง ืœื–ืจื•ืข ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื 2009 -2011 , ืฉื‘ืžื”ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืกื‘ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื— (ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ).
ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื ื ืขืจืš ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื•ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื’ื ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืžืชื•ื“ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื•ืฉื’ื• ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื•ืื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืžืจื•ืช ืžืกืงื ืช ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ืฉืœ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ ื—ืžื•ืจ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื—ืœืคืชื•, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื”ืžืชื•ืืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ืœืคืช ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืขืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืจ ื“ื•ืจื•ืŸ ื›ื”ืŸ ื•ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืขื•ืœืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืฉืจื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืœืงื•ื™. ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืžืกื•ื’ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืชืงื“ื™ืžื™ ื•ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื’ื‘ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื” ืœืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ืขื ืง ืฉื™ืคื•ื™ ืœื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื—ืชื•ื ืขืœ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”.
ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ืœื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืืกืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื 15 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ืืกืคื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ืœืคื• 17 .ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื—"ื™ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 1996 -2008 . ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืืœื” ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ื› -3.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื—. ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ื–ืจืช ื›-2 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ืฉื”ืคืงื™ื“ื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืœื›ื™ืกื•ื™ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืงื˜ื•ืืจื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ื ืœื•ื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ืŸ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืงืฆื‘ืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—. ื ื“ืจืฉ ืฉื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืื—ืจื™ื (ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช, ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ) ื™ื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช, ืžืงื™ืคื” ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ืื™ืชื•ืจืŸ ื•ืืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ืฉืฉื•ืœืžื• ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื™ื•ื—ื–ืจื• ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื™ืชื•ื•ืกืคื• ืœืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืฆื˜ืจืคื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืชื ืื™ ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืกื“ืจื™ ืคื ืกื™ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœื ืื•ืฉืจื• ื›ื“ื™ืŸ. ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืื™ืชื ื•ืชื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืืช ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”. ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื™ืฉืจื•, ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” (ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 1975 - 1981 ) ื•ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ (ืžืฉื ืช 1982 ื•ืื™ืœืš) ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื•ืช ื•ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืคืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ืžืกืชื›ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืฉ"ื—. ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื™ืชืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ืคืขืœ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ื“ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ืฉื‘ืชื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืฉื•ืžืจื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ืคืขืœื• ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื•ื”ื ืืฃ ื ื”ื ื™ื - ืื• ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช - ืžืคื™ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืœื™ื”ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืงื•ืคื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ื. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ (ื›ืค"ื™), ื”ืจื™ ืฉืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืชื•ืš ืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื”, ืœืฉ ืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืชื ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ. ืžืœื‘ื“ ื–ืืช ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชืงื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื•ืช ืœืงืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืื’ืฃ ืฉื•ืง ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื“ื•ื— ื–ื”. ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ืœืคื ืกื™ื”. ื›ืฉืœ ื–ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืฉื™ื˜ืช "ืžืฆืœื™ื—"71 .ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื˜ืจื ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื• ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชื—ืฉื™ื‘ ืกื•ืคื™ ืœื”ื›ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ, ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื•ืœืคืจืกื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื”ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ื“ื•ืจ ื, ื‘ ื•-ื’) ื™ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื—"ื™, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื›ืš ื‘ื”ืงื“ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืžื›ืœื•ืœ ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืฉืงื“ืžื• ืœื”ืกื›ื 2011 ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ื›ืจืขื• ื•ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืกื“ืจื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื’ืžืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ื•ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
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ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื•ืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื• ืžืฉื ื” ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืชื™ื“, ืฉืื ืœื ื›ืŸ ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืงืจืืช ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืคื™ื ื›ื” ืจื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžืœื™ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื•ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ืจืฉืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื“ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืคืงื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื ืคืงื” ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื™ืชืจืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ืž- 1.1.09 ืœืชื–ืจื™ื ืž- 18.1.09 ,ื•ืฆื•ื™ื ื” ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื ื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื”ื›ืœืœืชื• ืฉืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืงื•ืคืช ื”ืคื ืกื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื›ืค"ื™) ื‘ืกืš ืฉืœ 2.1 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืชื–ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื–ืจื™ืžื™ ื”ืžื–ื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื’ื ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื”, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชืขื‘ื™ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืœื›ืค"ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ื 1.1.09 ืืžืจ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื ืžืจ ื”ืจืืœ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื”: "ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืจื’ืข ืœื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื›ืกืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื™ืฉื•ืœื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2009 ืœื›.ืค.ื™". ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2009 ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืžืจ ื‘ืœื™ื ื“ื” ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื: "ืื ื• ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื’ื ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืœื ื ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ". ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 .ืื›ืŸ ืœื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื›ืค"ื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉื ื™ื›ื” ื”ืžืคื™ืฅ ืžืชืžื•ืจืช ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืขืžืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื›ืœื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื”ื ืคืงื”. ื‘ืขืžืœื•ืช ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื™ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ืŸ, ื•ื”ืŸ ืืฃ ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืกื›ื•ื ืขืžืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืคืฆื” ืฉืชืฉืœื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“. ื’ื ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ื•ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ื•ืคืจ - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืžื›ืจื™ืข ืฉืœ ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืข"ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ืขืœ ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ืžืข"ื ืชืœ -ืื‘ื™ื‘ 3 ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืœื”ื—ืชื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื›ืœืœื” ืขืจื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ ืคื™ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืกื›ื•ื ื”ื›ื•ืคืจ ืื• ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืžื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื˜ื™ืœ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืฉื›ื•ืคืจื”, ื”ื ืžื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ืขืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืฉืขื• ื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื” ืฉื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืžื ื” ื ื’ื‘ืชื” ื”ืขืจื•ื‘ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื”ื˜ืœืช ื›ื•ืคืจ ืขืœ ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืื• ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืžื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืงื™ื ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ืžื›ืก. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืžื›ืก ื‘ืขื‘ึตืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืก, ื•ืื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ - ื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ื”ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื›-30 ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 2008 - 2010 ืžืชื•ืš ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื“ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืจืชื™ืข ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื•ืื ื™ื ืžืœื‘ืฆืข ืขื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืก.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช - ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืœื ืžืฆืื” ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืฆืขื“ื™ื ืืœื• ื”ื•ืฆืื• ืžื”ื›ื•ื— ืืœ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืขื™ืจื” ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื ื•ืชืจ ืื ื›ืš ืจื•ืคืฃ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื ืžืจืฅ ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœืช ืงื•ื“ ืืชื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 . ืืžื ื ื—ืœ ืฉื™ ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 .ืืš ื”ื•ื ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื
579
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื™ื‘ื•ื ืžืงื ื”, ืžืกืคื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืกื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืœืื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช 48 ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื—ืŸ 180- (ืžืชื•ืš ื› 2019 ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2018 ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืืจืฆื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืืจืฅ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื–ื•), ืฉื‘ื”ื ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื‘ืœ ืžืงื ื”. ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ื™ื‘ื•ืื ื™ื ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฉืžื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืกื›ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืžื—ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื” ืžื˜ืคืกื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื™ ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ื”ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื”, ืขื“ 44%-ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื. ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ 42% -ืœืงื•ื™ื”, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืœื•ื›ืœื›ื™ื ื‘ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืชื•ืืจื• ืจื™ื— ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืจืคื“ ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืจื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ืœื ื”ื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืื‘ื•ืกื™ื 33%-ื•ื”ืฉืงืชื•ืช ืจื™ืงื™ื ืžืื•ื›ืœ ื•ืฉืชื™ื™ื”; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื ื•ื”ืœื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื—ืจื™ืฃ ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœืฆืจื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช 29%-ื‘ืชืื™ื; ื‘ื› ืžื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ื ืจืฉื ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืคืขืœ ื›ื•ื— ื›ืœืคื™ 4%-ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืื•ื•ืจื•ืจ; ื•ื‘ื› ื”ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉื•ืงืจื™ื ื—ืฉืžืœื™ื™ื. ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืชื™ืขื“ื• ืืช 2019 ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืืžื•ื ื™ื” ืฉืžื“ื“ื• ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื™ื‘ื•ื-ื™ืฆื•ื
ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœ ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืคื•ื, ืœื“ื’ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจืช ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืœื•ื— ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื ืฉืœื—ื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื‘ืžื˜ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื™ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืœื•ื—ื™ื. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื›ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ื”ืœื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืฃ ื’ืจืžื” ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื.
580
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืฉื”"ื ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžืื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื™ื“ืข ื—ืงืœืื™ ื•ืœื”ืคืฆืชื•, ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืคืง, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื”"ื ื ื”ืœื™ื ืชืงืคื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ืกื™ืคื•ืงื, ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื”"ื, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ: ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื”ืœื™ื ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืฉื”"ื ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ืœ ืœืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื”"ื ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™, ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืชื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ื•ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื”"ื ืœื™ืชืจ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจื•ื ืœืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉื”"ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื. ืœื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืฉื”"ื ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืงืคื™ื“ื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื”"ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื•.
ื›ื›ืœืœ ืฉื”"ื ืื™ื ื• ืื•ืกืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ ื”ืงื•ืจืกื™ื, ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื ื•ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืžื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื—ืงืœืื™ื ื•ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื”"ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืคืจื˜ื ื™ืช (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ืคืจืง ื”ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื).
581
ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื’ื™ื•ืก ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื” ื‘ืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืžืกืžืš, ื•ื‘ื• ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืฉื‘ืฅ ื—ืœืง ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืชื•, ื•ื–ืืช ื˜ืจื ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืกื•ืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื”, ื˜ืจื ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื˜ืจื ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื•ื˜ืจื ื›ื™ื ื•ืกื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื›"ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื". ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ืฉื™ืžืฉ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื—ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”, ื•ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืื›ืŸ ื—ืœืง ื ื™ื›ืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืฉืžื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื›ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืฉืืจ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื. ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ 12 . ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” 2016 ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืื™ ืจืืฉ, ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ืฉื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืก, ื•ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืœื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ืขืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืื ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื• ืœื›ืš, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืคื ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืคื ื• ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืื’ื™ื“ ื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื”ื ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืื•ืจื”, ืืš ื‘ืžืงืฆืช ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื’ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืคื•ื’ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•ืœื ืจืื•ื™ื™ื, ืฉืคื’ืขื• ื‘ืฉืžื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื‘ื›ื‘ื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ.
582
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืื™-ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื›ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื›ื“ืจื™ืฉืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช 2014 ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื“ืื– ืœืคื ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื›ื™ "ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืชืžื ื” ื›ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช, ื•ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืจืื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”", ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืขืช ื•ื‘ืขื•ื ื” ืื—ืช. ืื•ืžื ื ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืื– ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉืžื•ื ืชื” ื•ืœื ื‘ืžืžืœืื™ ืžืงื•ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื“ืœื• ืœื›ื”ืŸ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื’ื ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื ื•, ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื ื•ืช. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืžื•ืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ, ื›ืžืงืฉื” ืื—ืช. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ืžืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”, ืžื™ื ื•ื™ึธื ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื•. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื”ืฉืจ ืžืžื ื” ื›ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ ืฉืœื“ืขืชื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื ื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืื• ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื™ืŸ ืœืฉืจ ืื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™, ืื™ื ื• ื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืงื“ืžื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืฉื”ืงื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ื’ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื–ื™ืงื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชื›ืœื™ืช ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื. ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืคื•ืขืœืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื•ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœ, ื•ืื ืžื•ื“ืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื”, ืืฉืจ ืžืชืžื ื™ื ืœืœื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื•, ืื›ืŸ ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื™-ืขืฆืžืื™.
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ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืž"ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื•, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืจื‘ ืฉื—ืœืฃ ืžืื– ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ืžืจื‘ ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื›ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืจืž"ื™. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืื—ืจืช, ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืจืž"ื™ ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ืช"ืค ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื•, ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืช"ืค ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืž"ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืงืจืงืข ืœืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื“ืจ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืขืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืชื›ื ื ืช ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื - ื”ืŸ ื‘ืจืž"ื™ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ - ืื™ื ืŸ ืคื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืœ ืกืคืงื™ ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจืช ื ืงื‘ืขืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืกื‘ื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืž"ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืขื•ืžืก ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
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ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื–ืžื” ืœื”ื’ืฉืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืžื’ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื”. ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืชืคื™ืกืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื—ืžืจืช ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื”. ืžื•ืฆืข ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืžื” ื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ืคืจืงืœื™ื˜ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืคื•ื’ืข ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขืฆื•ืจ ืœืขื•ืžืช ื›ืœื™ืื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืžืขืฆืจ, ื•ื”ื•ืžืœืฅ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช. ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืžืขื•ื– ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ื”ื”ืคืจื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืคืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืจืฉื ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ืืฉืžื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžืคื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืืœื”, ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืขืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ ืžืขืœื•ืช ื›ืœื™ืืช ืขืฆื•ืจ ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ืกื•ืจื’ ื•ื‘ืจื™ื—. 50%-ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื› ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืชื‘ื™ืขื” ื™ื ืชื—ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื–ื•, ื•ื™ื ืงื˜ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืžืฉ ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื–ื• ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ๏– ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืœืžืขืฆืจ ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืฆืจ ืขื“ ืชื•ื ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžื›ืจื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืœ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ื—ื–ืงืช ื—ืฃ ืžืคืฉืข.
ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื“ืื•ื’ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื, ืขื“ ืฉื™ื•ืฉืœืžื• ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื, ืœื”ืืจื›ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ื•ืขืงื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื–ืžื ื™, ื‘ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื“ื™ื ื™
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ื’ื•ืคื™ ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขืจื›ืื•ืช . ืžืขืฆืจื™ื ืคืœื™ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืชื‘ืงืฉ ืฉื™ืžื•ื ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจื™ื, ื•ืฉืชื™ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื™ื ืžื˜ืขื ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื ื—ืฉื•ืŸ. ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื•ืงืฆื™ืŸ ืžืžื•ื ื”. ื–ืืช ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื ื•ืฆืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื—ืงื™ืจื”. ืžื•ืฆืข ืขื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ืจ ืื—"ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืขืจื™ื›ืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืขืฆืจ ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืœื-ืžื•ืฆื“ืง, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ ืžืขืฆืจ ื™ืžื™ื. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืชื›ืœื•ืœ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื“ื’ื™ืžืชื ืชื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืขื™ืœืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ื’ื™ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ืช ืื• ืžืฆื™ื‘ื” ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ื‘ืฉื•ื ื” ืžื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ, ื”ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื‘ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืจื—ื‘ื”, ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืชืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื›ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ืžื, ื•ืชื™ื˜ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื’ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื”ืฉื›ื™ื—ื™ื.
ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื ืฆื™ื’ ืฉื‘"ืก, ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืจื•ื‘, ืžืคืงื“ ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื›ื›ืœืœ ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืœืžื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชื—ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ ืœืชืื™ ื”ืžืขืฆืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืื• ืžื™ ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืžื ื”ืœ ืืช ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืžืขืฆืจ, ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื (ืกื ื’ื•ืจื™ื, ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื, ืชื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืกื“ืจ ื”ื‘ืืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืจื™ื ืœืื•ืœื, ื•ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืœื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื: ื•ืขื•ื“) ื•ืื™ืœื•ืฆื™ ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื‘"ืก.
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