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ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžื•ื•ืชืจื™ื ืขืœ ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื”ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ืงื‘ืœืชื•, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื•ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช: ืขืœื™ื• ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ื• ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืกืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ืื•ืชื• ื•ืœื ื™ื•ื•ืชืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ื ื˜ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืฉื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœืคืฉื˜ ื•ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืฉืขืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืžืœื, ืœืžื ื•ืช ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืœื•ื•ืช ืืช ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืงืฆืจ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืื•ืœื ืจืง ื—ืœืง ืžื›ืœ ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื”, ื’ื ื–ืืช ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ, ื›ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ. 1. ื˜ืคืกื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืกืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื : ืœื ื›ืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื; ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืกืœ ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื›ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืฆืจื›ื™ื•, ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืžืœื ื˜ื•ืคืก ืืจื•ืš ื”ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ 20 ืขืžื•ื“ื™ื. ื‘ื˜ื•ืคืก ื ื›ืœืœื™ื13 ื—ืœืงื™ื ืืฉืจ ืืช ืจื•ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืœื ืจืง ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ื— ืจืคื•ืื™ ืฉืขืœ ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื™ืื˜ืจ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœ ืœืžืœื, ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืœืžืœื, ื•ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืจื•ืคื ืœืžืœื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื˜ืคืกื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืจื‘ - ืœืžืฉืœ, ืœื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื. ืžืงื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื80 . ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืžืืœื™ื• ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืœื ื›ื” ื ืคืฉ; ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ืœืกืคืง ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื ื˜ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ืžื™ื•ืชืจ. ื’ื ืจืืฉ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ ืžืกืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืžืื™ 2011 ื›ื™ ื ื›ื” ื”ื ืคืฉ ื ื–ืงืง ืœืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื’ื•ืจื ืžื•ืกื“ื™, ื›ืžื• ืžื•ืกื“ ืืฉืคื•ื–, ืžืคื ื” ืืช ื”ื ื›ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ื‘ื›ืš, ืื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคื•ื ื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื ืกื— ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ. ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 - ื˜ืจื ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื•ืกื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”, ืขืงื‘ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืœื ืกื™ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ืคืก ืœื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืคืฉ ืฉืคื ื• ืืœื™ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืฆืžืื™ ืื• ื‘ื ืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื”, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืงืฉื” ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืกืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœื• ื”ื ื–ื›ืื™ื. . ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื’ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืชื ืขืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ืื•ืœื ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืจืง ื‘ื—ื™ืชื•ืœื™ื”.
. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื— ืืจื’ื•ื ื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืžืฆื‘ืŸ (ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ), ืžื” ืงืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื‘ ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืœืื”. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ.
688
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื›ืคืจ . ืชืžื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืžื˜ืจืชื• ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืกื›ื•ืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื. ืืฃ ืฉืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-100 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืœื•- ื”ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืกืžืš ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช: ื”ืžืขื ืงื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืฉืกืคืง ืจื‘ ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื, ื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืžืฆื‘ืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื–ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉืœื ืงื•ืฆืฆื” ืืœื ืืฃ ื’ื“ืœื”, ื•ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื–ื ื™ื— ื•ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืคื—ื•ืชื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื™ืขื“. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื˜ืจื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืชื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืขื•ื“ ืžืขืœ ืœ-100 ,ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื• ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื, ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ื•ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ืฉื‘ื•, ืชื•ืš ืฉื™ืžืช ื“ื’ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื• ื•ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื—ืชืช ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขืœืืช ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืžื—ื“ ื•ืžืชืŸ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืžืื™ื“ืš. ืžืชืŸ ืคื™ืฆื•ื™ ื›ืกืคื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื™ื™ืงื•ืจ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ืžื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ื 2005 -2006 ืื™ื ื• ืืœื "ื“ืœืช ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ืช" ืœืžืชืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ื ืœื—ืงืœืื™ื ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืื™ื ื” ืžืงื“ืžืช ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื.
. ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ืชืคืงื•ื“ื• ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืงื‘ืข ืืช ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืชืŸ ืžืขื ืง ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืฉื˜ืจื ืื•ืฉืจื” ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ 2011 ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 , ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœืงื•ื™ื”, ื›ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื•ืฆื ื ืชืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืขื ืงื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืฉืฉื™ื“ืจื’ื• ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืงืœืื™ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืงื•ืฆืฆื” ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื™ื.
689
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืžืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ,ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืืกื“ืจื” ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”ืŸ, ื”ืงืฆืืช ืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืคืขืœืช ืžืขืจืš ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœืชื ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจื—ื‘.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืฉืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื‘ืฆืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืœื• ืขืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”: ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื ืงื•ื˜, ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืชืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื“ื’ืฉื™ื, ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื•ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื”ื•ื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื•.
690
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืกืคืงืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฆื”_ืœ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืื ืื›ืŸ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื™ื™ื—ืชื ืขื ืชืฉืขื” ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 11 ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืฉืž ื”ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืจื•ื›ืฉ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืขืœ 40% ืžืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื•ื ื™ืช, ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืืจืฅ (ืชื”"ืฉ ื•ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘), ืฉื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืœืฉืืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ15 , ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื•ืช ืžื›ืš, ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ืžื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื”ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืืœื” ื™ื’ื‘ื• ืžืžื ื• ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืจื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉื™ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื•. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—, ืฉื’ื ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื™ืชื ื• ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžื•ืกื›ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 , ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืกื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืจืืฉ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ืจื›ืฉืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื‘ืืžื•"ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ืชื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื–ื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืชื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื (ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ืชื”"ืฉ) ืœืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืชื•ื ื’ื ืื™ืชื ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘. ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื’ื ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ "ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืจืคื•ืื”, ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื”ืฆื“ื“ ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช" ื”ืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื. "ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืชืงื ื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ื•ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื", ื”ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ื ืžืฉืš. ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘ ื•ืชื”"ืฉ ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœื”ืกื›ื, ื‘ื˜ืขื ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืคืกื“ ื›ืกืคื™, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ื—ืจ ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ ื•ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืœืฆื™ืจื•ืฃ ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืœื”ืกื›ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ "ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ืืœื• ื ื—ืชื ื”ืกื›ื ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื• ื”ื•ืกื›ื, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื ื•ืช ืขื“ ืฉื ืช 2010 ืชื”ื™ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื™ืฉืŸ", ื•ื›ื™ ืื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ืคืขืจื™ื, ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืกื›ื ืกืขื™ืฃ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ืฉื‘ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื ืขืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉื—ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื–ื• ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืœื ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœืžื” - ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 ืœื ื ื—ืชื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื. ื›ืขืช ืืคื•ื, ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•, ืฉื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื™ื™ืขื“ืŸ ื‘ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืจืข ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืขื ืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืกืคืงื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื.
.ื“ื•ื— ื–ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืจื›ืฉ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืžืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืจืคื•ืื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืœื ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื”, ื ืชื’ืœืขื• ื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืฆื”" ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื” ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื“ืื–, ืžืจ ืคื™ื ื—ืก ื‘ื•ื›ืจื™ืก, ืงื‘ืข ืฉืขืœ ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœื”ื™ื—ืชื ืขื“ ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2008 . ื›ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื ืขืฉื”, ื ื“ื•ื ื” ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงื“ืฉื• ืœื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช - ื’ื ื–ืืช ืœืœื ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช. ื’ื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ืžื˜ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื, ืžืจ ืื•ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื•ืคืจื•ืค' ืจื•ื ื™ ื’ืžื–ื•, ืœื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช, ืœื ื™ื•ืฉืžื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ 1. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืื—ื“ ืื™ืฉืจื• ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืจืืฉ ืืค"ื™ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆืชื” ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื” ืžื™ื™ืขืฆืช ืœืืฉืจ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง; ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื ื•ืกืฃ, ื”ื ืื™ืฉืจื• ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ืคืขืœ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช . ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืžืงืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขืœ ื›ืœืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”, ืืš ืงื™ื•ืžื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื•ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜: ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื  ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืจืืฉ ืื‘ื˜"ื ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื›ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ืช. ืžื›ืืŸ, ืฉื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื™ืžื• ืื™ื ื” ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ืจืืฉ ืืค"ื™, ื—ืจื’ื• ืžืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืคืขืœื• ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื ื–ืง ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืกืžื›ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ. ืžืช ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื', ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืžื ืข ืžืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื•ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœืืฉืจ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืžื“ื™ื ื” ื' ืคื ืชื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื’ื ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืกืคืช, ืžืชืŸ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ื”ืคืœื” ืœืจืขื” ืืช ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืคืขืœื” ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืจืืฉ ืืค"ื™ ื•ื”ืคืกื™ืงื” ืืช ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
692
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืืž "ืฉ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืœืžื•ื“, ืฉื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–. ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ื—ืœืง ืžื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื, ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื•ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื—ืœืง ืžืžืื’ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ื•ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืขืžื“ื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ืงื•ื‘ืข, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ืขื” ืงื“ื•ืžื”, ืœืœื ืคื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืœื ืžืฉื•ื ืคื ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืž"ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ื”, ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ืฉืงื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœื™ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื, ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืืฃ ืžื•ื˜ืขื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ื•ืœื ืœื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื, ืžื ื•ื’ื“ ืœืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื• ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฆืจื™ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื ื— ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” (ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืขืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืกืงื” 11.463 (ื‘) ื‘ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ ื ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ "ื—ื‘ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ื ื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“, ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืฆืœื— ืขืžื• ืื• ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืื—ืจืช ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื, ื™ื•ื“ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ื•ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข", ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”, ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื•. ืžืŸ ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื“ืœืขื™ืœ ืข ื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ืฉื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื ืชื ื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”, ืื™ื ื• ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืœืืฉื•ืจื•. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื•ืจืจ ืกืคืง, ืฉืžื ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื ืžื•ื›ื™ื, ืžื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉืœื ืฉื™ืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืฉื›ืœืชื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ื’ื ืœื ื–ื›ื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื 16 ,. ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืžืจื›ื–ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื ื—ืฉืคื• ืœื’ื™ืœื™ื•ื ื• ืช ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ืœื ื”ืขื™ืจื• ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืฉื›ืœื”. ื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืž"ืฉ ื•ืœื ืฉ"ื, ื›ื™ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื”ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื.
ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืขืžื“ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžืจื—ื™ืงื™ ืœื›ืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื™ืชืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืคื•ื’ืข ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืืž"ืฉ, ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื•ื—ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœืžืฉืจื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื“ื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืชื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืื•ื™ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช.
693
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ . ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื•ื“ื” ื•ื”ืฉื•ืžืจื•ืŸ โ€“ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื•ื›ื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ื›ืกืคื™ ื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช, ื”ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื”ืคืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืงื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื• ื–ื• ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” "ืžืกื™ืœื”" ืคืกื— ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืขืœ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืกืขื™ืคื™ื: ืžื—ื“ ื’ื™ืกื ืœื ื ื™ืคืง ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืœืžืคืขืœื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” "ืžืกื™ืœื”", ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš ื’ื™ืกื ื”ืชื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง, ื•ืืฃ ื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืคืขืœื™ื ืœืœื ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ืขื™ืกื•ืง ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื™ ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœืงื™ื™ื ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืคืขืœื™ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžื ื”ื"ื– ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืฆื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืกื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื™ืกื•ืง, ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ื”ื ื™ื•ื ืคืงื• ื”ื™ืชืจื™ ื”ืขื™ืกื•ืง.
ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 :, ื›ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืกื™ืงืช ื‘ื’"ืฅ, ื ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื™ื ื• ืžืงืฆืช ืžื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื—ืœื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ื•ืจืง ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ื•ืื™ื ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ, ื›ื™ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ ืœื ื”ื•ื—ืœื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ื ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ืžืขืกื™ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ืื™ื•"ืฉ, ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื›ืœืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื•, ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื ื•ืคืœืกื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืื—ื“ 21 .
694
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 , ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื˜ืจื ื™ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ืกื›ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื "ื™ ืœืจืกืค"ืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื ื‘ื ืžืœื™ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื•ื—ื™ืคื”. ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืชืฆืคื™ืชื ื™ื, ื•ืคืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืžืฉืื™ื•ืช ืœื ืžืœ ื•ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ื ืžืœื™ื. ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื ืขืฉื™ืช ืข"ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืžืœ ืฉืœื ืœืคื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2008. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื›ื™ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื™ื”ื™ื• ื ืคืจื“ื•ืช ืžื”ืจื’ื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™. ืœื›ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืช NTSB ื‘ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜.
ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ื ื•ืจืžื” ืžื™ื ื™ืžืืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉืœ 1% ืœืฉื ื”. ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžื˜ืขื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื ื”ืž ืœื™ืฅ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืงื“ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืœื•ืช ืฉืœ 2.5% ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื”ืขืœืชื” ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื ืงื‘ืขื• ืจืžืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ืืฃ ืฉื”ื ืฆื•ื™ื ื• ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ื24 .
695
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ โ€“ ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืื’ืจื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืŸ ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืชื™ ื•ืžื—ื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืžืกืžืš ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืืช ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ืชืžืžืฉ ื•ืืช ื”ืขืœื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืฆืคื•ื™ ืœืฉืืช ื‘ื” ืื ืื›ืŸ ื™ืชืžืžืฉ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืžืกืžืš ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื™ื“ืขื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2002 , ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคื•ืจืกื ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื”ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื” ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืงื˜ืขื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืก' 1 ื™ืฉ ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชื•ื•ืื™ ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื ืžืฉืš ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ื•ืกื“ืจ ื”ื ื•ืฉื.
ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœ ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002 ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉืงื™ื“ืžื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืช ื›ื ื ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ื• ืขืจื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื‘ื™ืฉ ืžืก' 1 , ืฉื”ื•ืงื ื›-40 ,ืฉื ื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื—ืœืงื• ืœืชื—ื•ื ืจืฆื•ืขืช ืžืกื™ืœืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื•ืื™ ื–ื”, ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื•ืื™ ืขืชื™ื“ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกื™ืœืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœื“ืจื•ืžื” ืฉืชืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืชื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืงืžืช ื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ืกื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืขื™ื”. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช ื”ื ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืชืงืช ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืชื™ื‘ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจ ื‘ืขืช ืฉื™ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืœื”ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกื™ืœื” ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช, ื‘ืœื ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืขืชืงืชื•.
696
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ืŸ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ื•ืœืฉื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ืœื•ื•ื™ื™ืŸ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืืš ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœื ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื”, ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืขืœื• ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”, ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืขื™ื18 ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืง ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืฉืžื™ื ืชื”. ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ ืฉืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืจื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 2002 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืฉื ืช 2002 ), ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืคืจื• ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื’ื ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืฉื”ื’ื™ืฉ ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 201019 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™), ื•ื›ืชื‘ ื›ื™ "ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ื•ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืื•ืคื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื•ืจืช ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืขื“ื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”". ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืกืžืš ื–ื” ืื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจ ื”ืžืžืฆื” ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžืœื ืืžื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืืช ืฉื’ืจืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื™ื ื”ื›ืจืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ื•ืœื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ืคืงื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2010 .
697
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืคืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืื™ 2010 ,. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2011 ., ื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืกืงืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ . ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ื˜ืจื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื‘"ื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ ืงื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื—ืงื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื•ืชืคื•ืงื•ืชื™ื” ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืกืงืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฆื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื”.
698
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืืคื•ื˜ืจื•ืคื•ืกื™ื .ืžืŸ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื ื”ื™ื—ืก ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื• ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื•ื›ืš ื’ื ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืžืคืงื—, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื›ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ืืฃ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื‘ืืจ ืฉื‘ืข ื”ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืžื–ื” ืฉืœ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœื–ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื™ื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื–ื”, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ื”ื•ื ื–ื ื™ื—. 2. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ืืค"ื› ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืงื‘ืœืชื: ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1997 -2007 ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ; ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 1997 -1999 ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2005 ; ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2008 ืœื ื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื ืงื•ื‘ืข ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ืฉ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืœืœื ื’ื‘ื•ืœ, ื•ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืืค"ื› ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื’ืฉื™ื ืœื• ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื–ืžื ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืจื‘ื™ื™ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื” ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ื ื–ืง ืœื—ืกื•ื™ ื•ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืืค"ื› ืœื ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืžื“ื™ื“ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœืชื™ืงื ื•ืŸ ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืื’ืฃ ื”ืืค"ื› ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“, ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื— ืื’ืฃ ื”ืืค"ื› ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ ืชื–ื›ื•ืจืช ืœื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื.
699
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž, ืชื“ืžื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืœื ืขื ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ืŸ ื•ืœื”ื™ืž ื ืข ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ืืœืฅ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—. . ืืฃ ืฉื”ื”ืชืื—ื“ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืžื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื–ื›ื•ืชื” ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื; ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2010 ืžื™ื ื” ืฉืจ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™, ืกื˜ืก ืžื™ืกื–'ื ื™ืงื•ื‘, ืฉื ื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืขืžื”.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื” ื•ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื”. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“ ืขื ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจืื”, ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื” ืœืื•ืคื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื ื™ื”ื• ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช. ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืžื‘ื ื” ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื™ืขืฉื” ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืคื“ื” ืขืœ ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื—ื” ื›ื ื›ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
700
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืงื™ื“ื• ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” - ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” - ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืžืช ืฉื“ื” ืชืขื•ืคื” ืžืฉืœื™ื ืœื ืชื‘"ื’ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืฉื ื›ืš ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ืขื•ื“ ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœืœื ื›ืœ ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื. ื›ืœ ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš ื‘ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ืชืขื•ืคื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ื›ืœืœ, ื•ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืืžื ื ื“ื•ื— ื—ืงืจ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืคืชื— ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ืฉืชื›ืœื•ืœ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื–ืžื ื™ื ืชื•ืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื™ืขื“, ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื’ืœื•ื ื‘ื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืข ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืจืชื•ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืงืกื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช ื”ื’ืœื•ืžื” ื‘ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื›ื ืกืช ืœืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™. ื”ืžืœืฆื” ื‘ืจื•ื— ื–ื• ื”ื•ื‘ืื” ื’ื ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื—ืงืจ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช.
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ืชื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœืžืœื•ื ืื•ืช, ืื• ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ื™ื ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืฆืคื•ื™ ื‘ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžืœื•ืŸ.
701
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ (ื‘ืคื™ืจื•ืง) . ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื ื“ืœ_ืŸ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช: ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉื•ื™ื›ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™, ืื•ืœื ืœืคื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื• ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช. 4. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2002 -2006 ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ืคืจื•ื’ืจืžื”15 ื•ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจื™ืฉื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื‘ืช ืชื•ืจืŸ ืื ื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ื“ืœ ื”ืฆืžื•ื“ ืœืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช 16 . ืืš ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืืช ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื•ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉ ืฉืขืœื™ื• ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชืืžื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ื”ื™ื ื• ืœืงื•ื™ ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืœืืœืชืจ ืืช ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื“ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืฆืข ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืžืฆื‘ ื ื“ืœ"ืŸ ื–ื”.
702
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืœ"ื’, ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืชื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืžื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2004 ื•ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืœ"ื’ ืœืคืชื™ื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื ื”ืœื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื” ืœื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื•ืช"ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื•ืช"ืช ืชืงื‘ืข ื‘ื›ืœืœื™ื” ื“ืจื™ืฉื” ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื™ื•ื’ื‘ืœื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ, ื•ื›ื™ ื’ื ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข ื™ื•ืชื ื” ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืœื ื™ื—ื•ืœื• ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœื”ื (ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื•ืจืื”, ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื).
703
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืฉื›ืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ื ื” ืžื•ืกืžื›ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืจื•ืื” ื‘ื—ื•ืžืจื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉื›ืข"ื“ ืฉืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืงืฆื• ืจืง ืขื ื”ืกื‘ืช ืžืž"ื™ ืœืจืฉื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืื™ืœื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืฉื›ืข"ื“ ื• ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืžืขืจืš ืืช ืืœื• ืฉืื™ื ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืฉื›ืข"ื“ ื™ืฉืžืฉ ืชืžืจื™ืฅ ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืคืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœืง ืงื‘ื•ืข ืžืฉื›ืจ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” - ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ืžืชื•ืš ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื–ื” ืื™ืŸ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ืœื’ื•ืจื ื”ื›ืžื•ืช.
704
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ-31.12.10 โ€“ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื’ื‘ ื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืชื• ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžืขื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ื•ืœื ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื ื–ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืฉ -6 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืฉ"ื— ื”ื ืกื›ื•ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ื›-10% ืžื›ืœืœ ื™ืชืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืœื ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœืคืงื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื‘ื• ืช ื›ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ ื•ืžื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืขื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ืžืฆื‘ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ื”ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจื™ "ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™" ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ืง, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ื•ืœืคืงื— ื’ื ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืจื‘ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ืฉื•ื ื™ื. ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื”ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจืช ืฉื”ืชื‘ืฆืขื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื• ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื ืคื’ืขื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื”ืจืชืขื” ืฉืœื”. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฆืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื ื—ืจืฆื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ืกืก ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืื—ืช; ืจืฉื•ืช ื–ื• ืชืคืขืœ ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ืชื™ืชืŸ ืžืขื ื” ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืชื•.
705
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื›ื ืชื• ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื• ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืกืชืคืง ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืชืขื“ ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืžืชื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื™"ืจ. ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืœื™ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื•ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ, ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืฉืžืฉ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฆื•ื•ืชื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื™ืฉืžืจ ืจืฆืฃ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื•ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช. ืœืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ืจืฆืฃ ื ื•ื“ืขืช ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชื›ื•ืคื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื ืžืžื•ืฉื›ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื•ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื. ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉ ืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืœืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื• ื•ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื˜ื”, ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืžื“ื”, ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2012 , ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ื ืขืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื ื“ื•ื ื• ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืจืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืง.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื‘ืืชื• ืฉืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื›ืš ื•ืืฃ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืœืขื™ื’ื•ื ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืชื™ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื, ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ื•ืœืฉืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืช ืžืกืคืงืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
706
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ืงื˜ื ืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช (ืœื”ื‘_ื”) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจื•ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื•ืชื ื‘ื’ื ื™ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืœื ื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืฉืืœืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ื•ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“ื• ื‘ื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ื™ื“ืข ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื™ืกื•ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื - ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืฉื ื™ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœื ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ื‘ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืžืขืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื™ื ื• ืžืคืงื— ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื”ื‘"ื”, ืืฃ ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ ื”ื’ื ื™ื ื•ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืืœื™ื”ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืžืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื›ืชื‘ื• ืžื“ืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ืœื”ื‘"ื” ืขืœ ืกืžืš ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืขืฆืช ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืชื—ืœื™ืฃ ืœื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ืœืฉื ืžื™ืกื•ื“ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืฉืœ ืืœื• ืฉื™ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ื• ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื‘ ืจืืฉ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœื”ื‘"ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืžื–ื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ 18 . ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื›ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ืฅ; ื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื™ื” ืื—ืจืื™ ืœ ื’ื™ื•ืก ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืœืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื•, ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื›ืฉ, ืงื‘ืข ื ื”ืœื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื, ืื™ืฉืจ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ืื™ืฉืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืขื•ื“. ืžื›ืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื ืขืฉืชื” ืฉืœื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื•ื”ืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
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ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” . ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื™ืฉ ืœืžื–ืขืจ ืืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื™ื ืกืžื•ืš ืœืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืžืจื•ืกืกื™ื. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžืกื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ ืขื™ืงืจื™ื: (ื) ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ; (ื‘) ืขืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ืขืช, ืงืจื™ - ืื ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื–ื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืžื•ืจ ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ื”ืคื™ืš, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื“ืขื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœื ื™ืชืจื—ืฉ ื ื–ืง ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื•ื”ื’ ื ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืœื• ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืžื”ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆืื• ืจืื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ืœืžืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜. ืขื ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืชืงื ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื ืกื’ื™ ืœืœื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืฆื“ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืงื‘ืข ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื•ืื‘ื ื™ ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืคื—ืชืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืฉื ื™ื, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืž- 2003 ืขืœ ืื™ืžื•ืฅ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื‘ืจ-ืงื™ื™ืžื. ืื•ืœื ืฉืœื ื›ืžื• ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื”, ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืžืคืจืกืžืช ื”ืœืž"ืก ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื•. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืž- 1988 ืขื“ 2008 ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื—ื ืงื ื™ื™ื (ื› -12% ) ื•ื”ืืฉืœื’ื ื™ื™ื (ื›-16% ) ืฉืฉื•ื•ืงื• ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืœืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช (ื› -55% ) ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื–ืจื—ื ื™ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืœื•ืช ืืช ืžื’ืžืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื‘ื”ืคื ืžืช ืžื— ืงืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ืงืœืื™ื, ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื–ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช. ืžื ื’ื“, ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ืžื™ ื”ืงื•ืœื—ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื”ืฉืงื™ื” ื‘ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื’ืจืข ืžื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืจืœื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื• ื‘ื”ื ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื•ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืฉื•ืŸ. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2010 ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื“ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช, ืืš ืžื•ืงื“ื ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ืฉืœ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ืื• ืฉื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ืื—ืจื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจืช ื ื’ืข ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจ ื—ืœื•ืคื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืืช ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ืฉื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ืงืœืื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื›ืฉื™ืจื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืชื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื”ืœืŸ.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืœืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื”"ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ืฉื—"ืจ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืชืขื•ื“ื” ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ืช. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืžืฆื™ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื• ืœื”ืกืžื™ืš ืืช ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ ืฉื—"ืจ ื’ื ืœืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืืช ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื›ื ืก ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื™ืคื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืœืชืขื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื•. (ื“) ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ืžื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื— ื•ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื”, ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ื”ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืจืืฉื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช - ืฉืื™ื ื• ืืžื•ืŸ ืขืœ ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”.
. ,ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ืœืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื™ืคื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืืช ืืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืื• ื”ื—ืœื• ื‘ื›ืš ืืš ื ื“ื—ื•, ื ืฉืจื• ืื• ืคืจืฉื• ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืœืืคื™ืงื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” - ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืœื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช.
709
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ืื—ื“ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื” ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืชื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืขื“ืคืช ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื”ืืจืฅ, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืื™ื ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ืฉืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื•ืขืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื›ืกื ืงืฆื™ื” ืœื”ืคืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ืขื™ืœื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื˜ื™ืœื” ื ื˜ืœ ืœื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื. ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืกื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื™ืขื™ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืชืขื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื›ื ื’ื“ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ื”ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืขื“ืคื” ื”ืงื‘ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืฆื”ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื ื•ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœื›ืš ืฉืจืง ืกืคืงื™ื ืฉืื›ืŸ ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืชื•ืฆืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื™ื™ื”ื ื• ืžื”ื”ืขื“ืคื” ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื”ื.
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื™ืฉืงืœื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื—ื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื (ื•ืขืœ ืžื›ืจื–ื™ BOT ) ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืจื›ื™ืฉื” ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจื” ืžืžื›ืจื–, ืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืจื•ืžืชืŸ ืœืžืฉืง ื•ื‘ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื.
710
ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” . ืกื“ืจื™ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— - ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืžืื’ืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™, ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื›ื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ืฉื›ืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืกืคื” ื”ืจื˜ืจื•ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื, ืื ื›ื™ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื›ืจ ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืœ "ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื" ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›"ืžืกืคืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืข"ื™ ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืฉืคื ื• ืœืœืฉื›ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืžืกื•ื™ื". .ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืื•ืœ ื™ ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื“ื“ื™ื, ืื•ืœื ืœื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฆื“ื™ืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื” ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ื” ืจื‘ื™ื - 1,050 ืžืงืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื - ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ืขืœ ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ื•ืช.
ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื•, ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื”ืœืื•ืžื™, ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืืฉืจ ื ืจืฉืžื• ืœื”ื ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ืฉ ืžื” ืืฆืœ ื”ืžืขืกื™ืง ื”ืจืฉื•ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ื•, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื•ืชื ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ืขื‘ื“ื• ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื›ืœ ืฉื ืช 2008 . ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ืจืฉื ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื“ื•ืจืฉื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ืขื‘ื“ื•, ืื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืคื’ื ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ื–ืืช ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
711
ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš . ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื - ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื•ื‘ื ืง ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ืฉืœื ื ืขืจื›ื” ืžืจืืฉ ืœืคืจืกื ืžื›ืจื– ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“, ืคื’ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื•ืกืคืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“. ื”ืชื ื”ืœื•ืชื” ื–ื• ื’ื ืžื ืขื” ืชื—ืœื•ืคื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื–ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชืงืŸ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืชื•ืš ื›ืš ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ืงื•ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืžืžืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื™ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืœืš ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžื›ืจื– ืคื•ืžื‘ื™, ื•ืžืชืŸ ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืช ืžื›ืจื– ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ื™ืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื. ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ืœื ื ื•ืขื“ ืืš ื•ืจืง ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื” ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™, ื•ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ืžื™ื  ื•ืช ืœื™ื™ื—ื“ ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ื”ืœ ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
712
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืื– ื”ื•ืงืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข; ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื” ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืื›ื™ืคื” ืขืœ ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืžืื’ืจื™ ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช; ื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืœื” ืงื ืกื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชืŸ (ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืชื’ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™. ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื› -250 ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื—ืกืจื” ืืกื“ืจื” ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืฉืชืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืืช ื”ืชืฉืชื™ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืœื ื ืงื˜ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืงื“ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืืช ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ, ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื, ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืขื•ื“.
ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืจืง ืื—ืช ืžืฉื‘ืข ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• - ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ืืฉืงืœื•ืŸ - ืžื™ื ืชื” ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข, ื‘ืžืื™ 201113 , ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื–ื” ื—ืกืจ ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื‘ื ื™ ื‘ืจืง ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืชืžื™ื“ืข. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœืžื ื•ืช ืœืืœืชืจ ืžืžื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื—ื•ืง ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืžืฉืคื˜, ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ืœืงื“ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืืช ืžื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช.
713
ืžื’ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืื“ื•ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื’ืŸ ื“ื•ื“ ืื“ื•ื ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืœื™ืš ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืคื•ืขืœ ื™ื™ืžืฉืš ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืฉืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“"ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“"ื ื•ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื• ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
714
ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืกืชื“ืจื•ืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช โ€“ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื— . ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืฉื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืข"ืœ ื•ืœืงื“ื ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื”ืข"ืœ ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื–ืจ ืฉืœื” ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจืื•ื™ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœืฉืžืŸ ื ื•ืกื“ื” ื”ืข"ืœ, ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืœื• ืฉืืœื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ืฆื’ื• ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2000 -2010 , ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื• ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ืœื ืคืขืœื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื”. ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืชื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขืœืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช, ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ืœื”ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื™ื•ืฆื’ ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืขืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืข"ืœ ื•ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืขื–ืจ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืจืื•ื™ื”, ื•ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืคืขื ื‘ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”. ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœื™ื”ื ื•ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืข"ืœ ื•ื›ืœืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื”. ื—ื•ืงืช ื”ืข"ืœ ืžืงื ื” ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืข"ืœ ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืฆืขืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ, ื•ืœืœื ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืข"ืœ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืข"ืœ ืชืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœื” ืฆืขืช ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ื•ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ืฉื™ืฆืžืฆืžื• ืืช ืชืœื•ืชื ื‘ืื“ื ืื—ื“, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื‘ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ืข"ืœ - ื‘ืขืœ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืข"ืœ ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ื’ื ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื” ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืข"ืœ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืชื•ื ื” ืœืคื™ืงื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ืฉืืจ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ืฉื”ื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืžืื•ื™ืฉ ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ ื”ืžื ื”ืœ ืื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ื”.
. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื‘ื” ืคืขืœื” ื”ืข"ืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจืื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื” ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืข"ืœ, ื•ืฉื›ืœืœื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื’ื™ืœื•ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื“, ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืคื•ืช, ื”ืคื—ืชื•ืช ืฉื›ืจ ืคืจื•ื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืคืืช ื”ืคืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืข"ืœ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืขืช ืขืžื“ื” ื”ืข"ืœ ื’ื ืœืคื ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื‘ืจืื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืฆื™ื ื•ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื. ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ื•, ืฉื™ื•ืฉืžื” ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2010 , ื›ืœืœื” ืคื™ื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
715
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืžื™ื ื•ืœื‘ื™ื•ื‘ . ื”ืงืžื” ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืชืงื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืœืช ืžื™ ื™ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืžืฉืœืžืช ืœื—ืค"ืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื›ื™ืจืช ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืžืžื ื” ืคื™ 7.7 (ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื™ื) ืžื”ืฉืžืื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื›ื ื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื”. ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืคืกื•ืœืช ืžืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžืื’ืจ ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขื” ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืชืจื™ื ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ื”ืžืื’ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืคืขืจ ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืฉืžืื™ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžืื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืžืื’ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื›-70 ื“ื•ื ื, ืืš ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื›ืจื” ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœ 103 ื“ื•ื ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืชืฉืœื 1.9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ื‘-25 .ืฉื ื™ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื ื•ืคื™
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืื•ืžื“ืŸ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื•ืฆืžื“ ืœืคื™ ื”ืกื›ื ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื ืช 2007 ืœืžื“ื“ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื—, ื”ืคืจืฉื™ ื”ื”ืฆืžื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื“ ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื›-30% ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื“ื“ ืœืฆืจื›ืŸ ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ื› -8% .ื”ื•ืชื™ืจื• ืœืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื ืชื‘ื—ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืฉื™ื˜ืช ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉืงืคื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื” ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช.
716
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ โ€“ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืฉื”ื”ื™ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื›ืฉื ืฉืขื•ืœื” ืžืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื”, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืคืขืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ืœื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช (ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช 2007 ) ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืคืขืœืชื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ (ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2010 ) ืื™ื ื• ืกื‘ื™ืจ. ืืžื ื ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืชื•ื•ืกืคื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™, ืื•ืœื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืคืขืจ ื›ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืœื‘ ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™. ืืžื ื ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™ ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœื”ืฆื™ื‘ ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืžื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ืื•ืœ ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื– ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช - ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจื™ื ื›ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ื•ืžืฉื ืขืจืš ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžื™ื  ื”ืœืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื– ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืขื ื™ื - ื’ื ื‘ืžืขื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ. ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
717
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ื˜ื™ื–ื ื’ื ืื ืคืชื™ื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจืก ื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื™ื–ืžื” ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืืœืช ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ืงื•ืจืก ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืชืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ืฃ, ื™ืขื™ืœ ื•ืžืกืคืง ืœืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ืคืืจื”-ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืžื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ื•ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ืชื ื•, ื•ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืงื•ืคื•"ื— ืื™ืœื• ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœืื•ืชื ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื.
ืจืง ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื—ื•ืฆืฆื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืงื•ืคื•"ื— ืœืชืช ืืช ื”ืกืœ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืœื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื—ื–ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื•"ื— ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ื›ืœืฉื•ื ื•; ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ื•ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืฉื”ืŸ ื™ื™ืขืจื›ื• ืœื›ืš ื›ืจืื•ื™; ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ืกืœ ืงื•ืคื•"ื—; ืขืœ ืงื•ืคื•"ื— ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื”ืคืืจื”-ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ื•ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.
718
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขืœื™ื ื’ื ื”ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื ืขืžื“ ื‘ื™ืขื“ื™ื ืฉืงื‘ืข ืœืขืฆืžื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ; ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืžืกืคืจ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืขืžื“ืช ืžื—ืฉื‘; ื•ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื™ ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ืœื”ืงื ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืฉื•ื‘ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื. .ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืขื™ืœ , ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืงื•ืจ ื›ืกืคื™ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืฉื™ืชืงืฆื‘ ืืช ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืกื›ื™ืŸ ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืฉืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžืงื•ืจ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœืฆืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืืžืฆืขื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืื›ืŸ, ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ืœืœื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื ื™ื™ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ืฉืกื™ืคืง ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืกื›ื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื” ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ืขืžื•ืชื” ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื” ืœืกืคืง ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ืงื•ื‘ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืžื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื—ื™ื“. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื’ื ืื ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื›ืžื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื, ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ืžื ื™ืขื” ืžืœืงื™ื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืกื•ื ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช.
719
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื•ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืขืกืงื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžืฅ ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืœ, ืœืฉื ื”ืฉืœืžืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื•ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2007 ื—ืชื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ืกื›ื ืขื ื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื–ื” (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ). ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“, ืจืง ืฉื ื™ ืื’ืคื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ ื•ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื“ืื– ืœื ืฉื‘ ื•ื“ืจืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžื›ืœ ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ืœื ืขืžื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ืจืืชื• ืชื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ืžืœื•ืื”.
ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื“ืจืฉ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื”ืžื›ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื–ืžื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื• ืืช ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืคืขืœื• ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื ืกืงืจื•. ืจืง ื“ื•ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ืกืงืจ ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืื™ืœื• ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื ื” ืืœื™ื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ื›ืœื™ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืกืงืจ ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืจืœ ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉืœื•ื— ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื ืœืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ. ื”ื’ื ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืงืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื–ื ื•ืžื™ืžืŸ, ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืขื ื•ืช ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืงื˜ืŸ: ืจืง 180 (ื›-40% ) ืž-440 ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืืœื™ื”ื ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืืฃ ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื›ื™ ืขืฉื• ืžืืžืฆื™ื ื’ ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ื, ื•ืืœื• ื ืฉืœื—ื• ืืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืฉื•ื‘.
720
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืžืœืื”, ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื•ืžืื•ืฉืจืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืจื— ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช 157 ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช, ืฉื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ื”ืž ืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช. ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ืžืฆื ืฉืจืฉื™ืžื” ื–ื• ื›ื•ืœืœืช 14 ืฉืคื•ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2004 ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ; ื’ื ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข "ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื”ื“ืจื›ื”" ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”; ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช "ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ื ื™ื" ื•"ืื“ืจื™ื›ืœื•ืช" ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื—ื“ ืœืžืงืฆื•ืข ืื—ื“ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื›ืฉื ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช; ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข "ืก ื™ื ื™ืช" ืฉื”ื—ืœ ืžืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืข"ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ื• ืœื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ื ื›ืœืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื”, ื”ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœื’ืจื™ืขืช ืžืงืฆื•ืข.
721
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ โ€“ ื”ื”ื•ื‘ืœื”, ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื• ืขื ืขืžื•ืชืช ืงืจื‘. ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื–ื• ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช ืืคืฉ ืจื™ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ืขืžื•ืชืช ืงืจื‘ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื•ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื”ืœื™ืš ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™ ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ื’ื•ืจื ืืฉืจ ื™ื ื”ืœ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืขืฉืจื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ืื™ื ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ 31 ืžื‘ื™ืŸ101 ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ( 31% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืงื˜ื’ื•ืจื™ื•ืช), ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื“ื•ืจื’ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœ-5 ื‘ืžื“ื“ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ื— ื”ืจืฉื•ืชื™. 2. ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืœื”, ืžืœืžื“ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ -31 ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื”ืกืชื›ืžื” ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉ"ืข ื‘ื›-9 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ืฉื”ื18% ืžื”ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ.
ืžื˜ืจืชื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืคืขืจื™ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืคืจื™ื”, ืื•ืœื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ, ื‘ืฉืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ืื™ืœื• ื›ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืงืจื‘ ื”ื™ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื‘ื•ืกืกื•ืช, ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
722
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื ื” ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืขืฉื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื—ืจื’ื• ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืœื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื ื ืงื˜ื• ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ืœืคื™ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื—ืจื’ื• ืœื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืืฉืจ ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืืคื™ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืœืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉื’ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืง ืžื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื”ื ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ืžืœื ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื. ืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ืœืงื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืคื™ืง, ืœืขืชื™ื ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืชืขืœืžื•ืช ืžืžื ื” - ืคืขืžื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช - ื ืฉืžื˜ ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžื™ืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืžืืžื™ื ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื›ืœื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ื ืคื’ืขืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžืกืงื ื•ืช. ืขืฆื ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืืคื™ืง ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืžืฆื’ ืฉืœ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืืจืฅ, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืฆืจืฃ ืœื‘ืงืฉื” ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉื™ื ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื•ืจื•ืช ืœืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื ืงื•ื“ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจื.
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืชืŸ ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ืืš ื›ืœ ืืœื” ืœื ื ืขืฉื•. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืจื™ื›ื•ื– ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืขืžื•ืชื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื™ืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ.
723
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื“ืชื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื”"ืžืœืžื“ื™ื" ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื ื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืจืื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืชื™ืขืฉื” ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื•ืื™ืฉื•ืจ. ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื ื‘ื“ืง ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžืž"ื“ ื•ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขืœืืช ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืฆ"ื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืž"ื“, ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉืขืœื” ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืกืงื ื•ืชื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœื• ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
ืžื”ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ืžื’ืžืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื—' ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืž"ื“ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื— ื•ื”ืชืฉืข"ื, ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ื ืžื•ืš ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™.
724
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžืžืฆื ื–ื” ืžืœืžื“ ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื—ืจ ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืžื•ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืœื• ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืงื ื•. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืคื’ืขื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ืžื‘ื“ืงื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื ืชื•ืงื ื• ื•ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœืกื›ืŸ ืืช ืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ ืœืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืงืฃ ืœื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื›ื–ืืช ื ื—ื•ืฆื•ืช. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื“ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช, ืืฉืจ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืกืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉืจื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื ื™ืขืช ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืžืฉื™ ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื›ื ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื•ืจื ืœื”ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” (ืžืฉื ืช 2008 ื•ืขื“ ืืžืฆืข ืฉื ืช 2011 ) ืื™ืจืขื• ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงืชืŸ, ืืš ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื” ืื• ืœื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”. ืœื”ืœืŸ ืคื™ืจื•ื˜.
725
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ - ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืข_ืž . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื ืžืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ื ื• ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ืกื•ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืคืจื˜ื™ื ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”, ื•ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื• ืœื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ื“ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื” ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื "ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืœื ืื™ืฉืจื” ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืจืฉืžื™ ืžืชืฉืœื•ื ื“ื™ื‘ื™ื“ื ื“. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื—ื "ื™ ื‘ื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืฉืขืจ ื›ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช, ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืžื ื•ื’ื“ืช ืœืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื” ื‘ื ืžืœื™ื ื•ืœื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”- Land Lord , ืฉืœืคื™ื• ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ืžืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ ื ืžืœื™ื ืื™ื ืŸ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžืกื•ื™ื, ืืœื ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื‘ - 9.10.11 ,ืœื—ื "ื™, ืœื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืฉื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืฉ ืขืจ ืœืœื ืคืจืกื•ื ื›ืชื‘ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืขื‘ืจื”.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืฉืžื™ืจืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื ืชื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืขืฆืžืื™ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœืคืชื—, ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ื•ืœืกืคืง ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืขืช ืจื’ื™ืขื” ื•ื‘ืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื” ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืืœื•. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ื”ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืžืชืขืฉ ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ, ื•ืชืขืฉ ืœื ื”ืฉืงื™ืขื” ื•ืœื ืชื—ื–ืงื” ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืกื’ืจื” ื—ืœืง ืžืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื‘ื›ืš ืคืขืœื• ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ื™ืขื™ืœ. ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื - ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืœืœื ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžืกื•ื“ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืœืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื”ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉ ื›ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืœืœื ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจื, ื”ื™ื ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ืžื”ื•ืชื™. ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื, ืžืžืฆืื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื•ืชื’ื•ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืœืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื™ื™ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื’ื ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืฉืจ ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืžื’ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืžืชืื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืชื—ืžื•ืฉืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืชืขืฉ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืฉืžืจ - ืœืœื ื”ืชื ื™ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืืช ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ. ื–ืืช ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ืœืขืช ื—ื™ืจื•ื, ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื” ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉื ืช 2005 ืœื”ืคืจื™ื˜ ืืช ืชืขืฉ, ื•ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืœืžืฆื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื•ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื• ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื˜ื—ื•ืช. ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2007 -2011 ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืคื•ื™ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ, ืืš ืขื“ ืœืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ืข ืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ, ื–ืืช ืœืžืจื•ืช: 1 ) ;ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื 2 ) ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ ืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 -2010 , ื›ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ]ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื [ ืืช ื”ืจื›ืฉ ืžืชืขืฉ "ื•ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ ื‘ืจื•ืจื•ืช"; 3 ) ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจื•ืช ื•ื ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 -2010 ืœืชื™ืงื•ืฃ ืขืžื“ืชื• ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉ; 4 ) ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขื›"ืœ ืœื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื•ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ืฉืชืขืฉ ื ืžื ืขืช ืžื”ืฉืงืขื•ืช ื•ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืืฃ ืกื•ื’ืจืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช (ืจืื• ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).
ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื, ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2008 -2010 ื ื’ืจืžื• ื ื–ืงื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ืœืงื•ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื™ื ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžืื™-ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืžืกืคืงืช ื‘ืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืงืจื™ืกืช ืชืฉืชื™ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืืฃ ื ืกื’ืจื•. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืจื™ืข ืžื ื›"ืœ ืชืขืฉ, ืžืจ ืื‘ื™ ืคืœื“ืจ, ืžืกืคืจ ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜, ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ื™ื ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืกื’ื™ืจืชื. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช:
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœืจื›ื‘-ืงืจื‘ ืžืฉื•ืจื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœื”, ื›ื™ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืœื ืžื™ืฆื” ืขื ืชืขืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืขืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœื” ืœื‘ืœ"ื ื•ื‘ื”ืฆืขืชื” ืžื™ื•ืœื™ 2010 .ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืื•ืชื ืืฉืจ ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ื ืจืืฉ ืžืคื"ืช ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2010 , ืžื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉืœ ืžืคื"ืช, ืžื ืช"ืง ื•ื–"ื™ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœ, ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœ"ื ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ, ืืฉืจ ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืชืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืื•ืฉืจืช; ืฉืขื” ืฉื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฆืขืช ืชืขืฉ ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืžืขื‘ืจ ืกืฃ ื˜ื›ื ื™ ื•ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืฉืœื‘ F.S.D . ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ, ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ื• ืžื ืช"ืง ื•ืžืคื"ืช ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2010 ื ื›ืชื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื”ื˜ื›ื  ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืฉ, ื’ื ืื ืžืกืคืงืช ืžืขื ื” ืœืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœ"ื, ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืืฉืจ ืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœ- .D.S.F )(ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืกืฃ ื˜ื›ื ื™23 . ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืคืขืจ ื‘ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืœื ืžื•ืฆืชื” ืžื•ืœ ืชืขืฉ ื•ืืฃ ืœื ื ื“ื•ื ื” ืืชื”, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื” ืœืกื’ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืคืข ืจ ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื”, ื›ื™ ืžืคื"ืช ื™ืคืขืœ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžื›ืœื•ืœ ืžื•ืœ ืชืขืฉ ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉื”ื‘"ื˜ ืฉืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขืžื” ืขืงื‘ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ืœ- F.S.D . ื”ืžืœืฆืช ืจืืฉ ืžืคื"ืช ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืื™-ื”ืชืืžืช ืชืขืฉ ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกืคืง ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืืžื ื ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื™ ืกืคืงื™ื ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื. ืื•ืœื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืขืจืš ืจืืฉ ืžืคื"ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื–ื”, ืฉื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื• - ืื™-ืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืชืขืฉ - ื”ื™ื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™, ืœื ืชื•ืขื“ื”, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืกื”; ื•ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื–ื• ื—ืกืจื” ืืช ื”ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ื•ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื, ื• ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื—, ื›ืžื• ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื’ื ื” ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื ืž"ืจ, ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœืขื™ืœ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืžื“ืช ื–"ื™ ื•ืžืคื"ืช ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืจืž"ื˜ ื–"ื™ ืœืกื’ืŸ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2010 , ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืขื ืชืข ืฉ ืœ"ื—ืฅ ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ", ืœื ื ืชืžื›ื” ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” ืฉืœืžื”, ืฉืืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ืช "ื—ืฅ ื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸ". ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืฆื”"ืœ, ืžื ืช"ืง ื•ืžืคื"ืช ืœื ืคืจืกืžื• ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืกืžืš ืžืกื›ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™-ืขืžื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืชืขืฉ ื‘ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ืœ"ื.
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉื• ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ืฆื”"ืœ ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืืžืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื, ืื•ืœื ืขืœ ืื›"ื ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืžืœืื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื ื”ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื. ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2009 ื”ืื™ืฅ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืจื—ื‘ืชื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉ ื—"ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืืคืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘, ื›ื™ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื” ื›-610 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื•ืžืื– ื”ืคืขืœืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื” ื—ืœืง ื›- 1,700 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื. ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื—"ืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ื›-380 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื, ื•ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2007 ืฉื™ืจืชื• ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื› - 1,600 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื. ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช 2011 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช "ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™", ืืฉืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืชื” ื”ื™ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ ืขื“ ืœ - 2,400 ื‘ืฉื ืช 2015 ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ื“ื•ืžื” ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืฉื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™. ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื’ื ืงื‘ืขื” ื™ืขื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื™ืขื“ ืฉืœ 1,200 ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 , ื•ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ 300 ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ืœืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ. ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2010 ื•- 2011 ื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืกื• ืœืฆื”"ืœ ื› - 1,000 ื•ื›- 1,280 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื (ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”), ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืžื“ - ื•ืืฃ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš - ื‘ื™ืขื“ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืก ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ืœื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืข ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœื”ื™ืงืคื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช, ื ื•ื›ื— ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ืจืงืข "ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื " ืžืงืจื‘ ื”ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ืงืคื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื”ืžืฆื”ื™ืจื™ื ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ื›ื™ "ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื" - ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืžื•ืš ื•ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื“ื—ื•ื™ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉ"ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื" ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ื’ื“ืœ. ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืจื›ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืœื’ื™ื™ืก ืืช ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื•ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื”ื, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืชืŸ, ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืงืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื‘ ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™, ื ืžืฆืื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืกืคืจ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื—"ืจ ื•ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”: ื‘ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื ืฉื•ืœื‘ื• ื”ืจื‘ืฆ"ืจ, ื›ื’ื•ืจื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš, ื•ื™ื•ื”ืœ"ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื™ืžื•ืฉื” ื™ืฉื ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื“ืช ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืงื•ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื•ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชืŸ ื•ืžื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื—"ืจ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื•ืคืขืœืช ืžืื– ืฉื ืช 2007 , ื•ื›ื‘ืจ ื›- 1,700 ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืœืงื—ื• ื‘ื” ื—ืœืง, ื ืžืฆืื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฉื—"ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ืงื‘ืœืช "ืงืจื“ื™ื˜ืฆ ื™ื”". ื ืžืฆืื• ื’ื ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืช"ืฉ ืœืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช. ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื—"ืจ ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื” ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื—ื•ืง ื˜ืœ. ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื–ืืช ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืง ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืœื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ืขืœ ืงืœื™ื˜ืชื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ. ืœื”ืฆืœื—ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืžื•ืฆืœื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื•ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืคืจื˜. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011 ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข "ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ ื•ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™", ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื—"ืจ.
.ื”ืกื“ืจ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื " ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืช ืžืฉืš. ื—ื•ืง ื˜ืœ ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ื ืกืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2002 ื•ืืฉืจ ืชื•ืงืคื• ื”ื•ืืจืš ื‘ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 , ืžืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืจืืฉื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืกื“ืจ ืœื“ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื", ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื’ื™ื•ืกื ื•ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืืœื”. ืฆื”"ืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœ ืฉื ื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื™ื ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ืช: ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื—"ืจ, ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ื•ืก ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉ"ืชื•ืจืชื ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื"; ื•ื›ืŸ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื’ื“ื•ื“ ื”ื ื—"ืœ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ "ื ืฆื— ื™ื”ื•ื“ื”", ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉื ืช 1999 , ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœืื™ 18-21 ืฉืื™ื ื ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืื™ื ื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ "ืชื•ืจืชื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื•". ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืกืœื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื, ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื“ื™ ืฉื ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฆื”"ืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื—ืจื“ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉื™ืฆืื• ืžืžืขื’ืœ "ืชื•ืจืชื• ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื•".
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ืฆื‘ื ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืœื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืฆื”_ืœ .ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื”ื ืขืฉื™ืช ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื ื•ื›ื— ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื”ื’ื ืช ื”ืขื ื•ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ืžื™ืงื•ืžื• ื•ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืจืืจื›ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจืชื™ื ื‘ื• ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื•ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืฉืช ื•ืžืชืขืฆื‘ืช ื”ืฉืงืคืช ืขื•ืœืžื ื›ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื•ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื. ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื”ื ื™ืฆื‘ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื•ืช ืœืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช, ื•ื–ืืช ื ื•ื›ื— ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื” ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื•ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ืฆื”"ืœ - ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื” ื•ืื–ืจื—ื™ื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื”ื™ืฉืžืข ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืกื•ื ืžืกืžืš ื”ื”ืกื“ืจื” ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืœ ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ืžืกืžื›ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื•ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชื•ื“ืขื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืชื•ืืžืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืžื ื™ื ื‘"ืจื•ื— ืฆื”"ืœ ื•ื‘"ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“" ื•ืืช ื”ืืชื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฆื‘ื.
ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™-ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื— ืคืชื•ื— ื‘ื™ื ื ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืคืงื•ื“ื™ื”ื, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืืœื”. ืืžื ื, ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืงื™ื™ื ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ืœื ืžืขื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืžื—ืฆื‘ื™"ื, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื”ื›ืฉืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืขืจืš ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืคื•ืจื˜ื•, ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืคืขืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืžืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืžืœื ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ื•ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืžืฆื™ืข ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ืชืžื•ื ืช ื”ืžืฆื‘, ืฉืชื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ื‘ืฆื”"ืœ (ืžืคืงื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ื™ื, ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ื™ืœื•ืช) ืชื ื•ืชื— ื‘ืžืœื•ืื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืชื•ืฆื’ ื•ืชื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืจืืฉ ืื›"ื ื•ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืจืžื˜ื›"ืœ, ื•ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื›ืš ืชื’ื•ื‘ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžื˜ื›"ืœื™ืช, ืืฉืจ ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืžืžืคืงื“ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืชืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ื•ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉื”.
730
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ืกื™ื•ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ (ืžืฉ_ื‘) โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืœืฉื ืช 2011 .ืคืจื˜ ืœืจืฉื™ืžืช ืงื•ืจืกื™ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ืืจืฅ ื•ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืœืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืช ื”ื›ื ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ, ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื™ืกื™ื™ืขื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ื”. . ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืฉ"ื‘ ื”ืžืชื‘ืฆืขืช ืฉืœื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืฉื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื™ืžื•ื ืŸ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”. ื›ื›ืœืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื”ืœ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืืฉืจ ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืžืจืืฉ.
ืžื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื’ื ืฉื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืฉ"ื‘ ืžืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ืขื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืชื•ื›ื ื™ ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื, ื”ืจื™ ืฉืžืฉื ืช 2006 ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืœื ืฉื•ืชืคื” ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื‘ื ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื” ื”ืฉื ืชื™ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืฉื ื™ื™ืขื•ืœ ื”ื”ื“ืจื›ื”.
731
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ . ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ืจืช ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื•ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืžืขืช ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฆื”"ืœ. ืื•ืœื ืงื‘ื•ืฆืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ- ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉืคืขืœื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ืืœื” ืœื ื”ืคื™ืงื” ืชื•ืฆืจ ืžืฉื•ืœื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื›ืž"ื“ ื•ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช ื‘ืื’"ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื™-ื”ืคืขืœืชื ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืคื•ื’ืžืช ื‘ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ืœื™ืคืงื™ืŸ-ืฉื—ืง ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื–ื”. ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืืคื•ื ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืชืฉืชื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ - ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ืช. ืœื˜ืขื ืช ืื’"ืช ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื• ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื” ืœืชื›ืž"ื“ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช "ืชื•ืคืขืช ื”ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช" ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืื‘ื˜ื—ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื’ื ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืขื ืื’"ืช ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื“ืœืคื•ืช ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœื” ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื—ืกื ื–ื” ื‘ืคื ื™ ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื. ืžื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืขื ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืชืžื ืข ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืชืงื™ื ื™ื ื•ืžืœืื™ื ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ.
ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืฉื™ืคื•ืจื˜ื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืžืขื•ืช ื›ื”ืœื›ื” ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ืฆื’ืชืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื“ืจื’ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™.
732
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืกื“ืจื™ ืคืจื™ืฉืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื™ืฉ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžืงื•ืช ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื”. ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื”ื ืžืงื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”, ื•ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื•ืื ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ืกื›ื. (ื) ื”ื ืžืงื•ืช ืœืคืจื™ืฉื”: ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื™ืงื™ื”ื ืฉืœ 21 "ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”"ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ 16 ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืฆื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื™ืž ื•ืงื™ื ืœืคืจื™ืฉืชื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ืœื ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื.
. ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืชื™ืงื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื—ืœ ืขืœ ื™ืชืจ ื”ืคื•ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื”ืกื›ื ื•ืขื™ืงืจื• ื”ืžืœืฆืช ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื‘ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืคืจื™ืฉืชื• ืœืคื ื™ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื•. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฉื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœื ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื• ืœื‘ืจืจ ืืช ื”ื—ืฉื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื•ืœื ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื• ืขื ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ืœื”ืžืฉืš ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™, ืื• ื”ืื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”. ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืขื™ื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ื•ื ื™ืžืงื” ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”. ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื’ื ืœื ื™ื™ื“ืขื” ืืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื”.
733
ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช - ื—ื‘ืจืช ืจื›ื‘ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืคืจืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืคืฉ ื•ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ. ืœื›ืŸ, ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช, ืฉื”ื ื”ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื™ื ื™ืžืœืื• ื›ืœืฉื•ื ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื™ืœื• ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื•ืฉืชื• ืขืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืคืจื• ืชืงื ื•ืช ืชืคืขื•ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื•ื”ื™ื• ืขืœื•ืœื™ ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ื‘ื›ืš ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืคื ื™ ืกื™ืžื ื•ืจ ืื“ื•ื, ื ืกื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืžื”ืžื•ืชืจ ื•ืื™ -ืขืฆื™ืจื” ืœืคื ื™ ืžื—ืกื•ื ืžืงื•ืœืงืœ. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื”ืขื•ื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืœื™ื ืžื“ื™ ื•ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจื•ืช ืขื‘ืจื•ืช. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช: ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืžืžื™ืœื ืžืชืขื›ื‘ื™ื ื’ื ื”ืคืงืช ื”ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื•ื”ื”ืจืชืขื”, ื”ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืื• ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ื—ื•ืžืจืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืชื™ื”ื. ืขืœ ื›ืŸ ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืงืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
ื“ื•ื— ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ืคืจื“ ื”ืขืœื” ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2005 ืื™ืฉืจื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืœื”ื˜ืžื™ืข ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืชื™ืชืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื“ื•ื™ืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช. ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2011 ื˜ืจื ื”ืชืงื™ื ื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชืื™ ื”ื ื™ื”ื•ื’ ืžื›ืฉื•ืจ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœ ื ื”ื’ ื”ืงื˜ืจ ื•ืœืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืžืœื ื•ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื.
734
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช - ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžื "ื˜ ืื™ืฉืจ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2003 , ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืขื“ ืื– ื”ื•ืชืงื ื• ื‘ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืจืง 289 ืž- 1,000 ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื–ืžื ื•. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืกื™ืคืง ืžื "ื˜ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉื™ืœืžื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ "ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื”" ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืœ6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ื‘ืฉื ื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ืชืงื ืช ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื—ืœื” ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2003 ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ื”ืชืงื ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืชืŸ ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื” ืจืง ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2005. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ืœื™ 2011 , ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื ื”ืฆื˜ื™ื™ื“ื” ื‘ื› - 400 ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืกืคื•ืชืฉืชื•ื›ื ื ื• ื‘ืžื•ื“ืœ ื”ืคืจื™ืกื” ื”ืืจืฆื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืžืื– ืงื‘ืข ืื’"ืช ืืช ืžืคืชื—ื•ืช ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช, ื”ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื—ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”, ื•ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžืกืคืจ ืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื™ื• ืงืฆื• ื”ืขืจื›ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืž ื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื›ื™ ืื™ -ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืคื•ื’ืขืช ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื‘ืงืจื” ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื• ื ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ืจื•ืš ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืื” ื›ืกืคื™ืช ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืฉ"ื— ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืฉืชืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืžืœื ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืื—ื™ื“ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜. ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขื•.
735
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืคืฉื™ืขื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื’"ื‘, ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื ืฆืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื” ืœื”ื, ืœื ืชืฉื•ื ื” ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ื ื”ื•ื’ื” ื‘ื”ื - ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ื’ื–ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืงืฆื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื™ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื›ื™ ืžื’"ื‘ ืžืงืฆื” ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื›ื™ืจื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื’ื™ื‘ืฉ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืฉืžื™ืจื” ื”ืฉื›ื™ืจื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ืžืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ื ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžืกืžื›ื™ื• ืœื”ืงืฆืืช ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืืœื”. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงืฆืื” ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื•. ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืžืคืงื“ืช ืžื’"ื‘ ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืชื•ืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืฆืจื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื ื•ืขื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื–ื• ื™ื•ืงืฆื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. . ืžืฉืจื“ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ืŸ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืื‘ื˜ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื›ืคืจื™. ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื’"ื‘ ืื™ื ืŸ ื ืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ื•ื‘ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื›ื™ืชืช ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื›ืœืœ. ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื–ื• ืื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืชืคื™ืกืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืชื™ื™ื—ืกืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืืœ "ืื•ื˜ื•ื ื•ืžื™ื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช", ื•ื™ืฉ ื‘ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืืœื”. ืขืœ ืžื’"ื‘ ืœืขืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืžืขืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžืขืจืš ื›ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื›ื•ื ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ืืŸ ืœื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช, ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ืช, ื•ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืคืจืงืŸ ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžืฆืขื™ื ืœืฆื”"ืœ. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืขืœ ืžื’"ื‘ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชืืžื ื™ื ื•ื”ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืขืœ ืจืžืช ื›ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื•ืคืงืข"ืจ ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืขืฆืžื, ื›ืœ ื’ื•ืฃ ื‘ื ืคืจื“, ืืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ ื•ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžืฉืจืช ืืช ื”ืจื‘"ืฉ ืœืžื™ืœื•ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•, ืจืื•ื™, ื›ื™ ืชื™ืขืจืš ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืœืกื•ื’ ื”ืจื›ื‘ ื•ื™ื™ืขื•ื“ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ ื›ืœื™ ื”ืจื›ื‘, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื‘ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืงืฆื™ื ืœืจื›ื™ืฉืชื ื•ืœืื—ื–ืงืชื, ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ืœืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืจื›ื™ืฉืช ืจื›ื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืœื•.
736
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืคืจื•ืค ' ื‘ืจื‘ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•. ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื–ื” ื ื•ื“ืขืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช, ืฉื›ืŸ ื›ื”ื•ื ื” ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื›ื”ื•ื ืช ื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ; ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื ืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ืžืืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ. ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ, ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื•ืขืก ืงืื•ืช ื”ื˜ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื”ืงื™ื ืขื“ 15.11.10 ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืชื• ืฉื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื• ืœืžืžืฉืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช (ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ 2011 ) ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงื ืฆื•ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื‘ืจืืฉื•ืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘.
2. ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื‘ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”: ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขื“ 31.10.10 ื›ื™ื”ืŸ ื›ื ืฆื™ื‘ ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœ ื”ื•ืœื ื“ืจ (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื“ืื–); ืžื—ืœื™ืคื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“, ืžืจ ืžืฉื” ื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ื—ืœ ืœื›ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื‘ืžืื™ 2011 (ืœื”ืœืŸ- ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ). (ื) ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 - ื›ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื ื™ืกืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ - ื ื•ื“ืข ืœื• ืขืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืื—ืจ ืคื’ื™ืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืžืขืงื‘. (ื‘) ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื” ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ืื” ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ืœื™ืงื•ื™ ื‘ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
737
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื—ืœื•ืงืช ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื โ€“ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžื•ืจื—ื‘ ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืงืฃ ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื—ืœืช ื—ื•ืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘- 1995 (ืืจื‘ืข ืžื—ืœื•ืช) ื•ืž - 1998 (ืžื—ืœื” ื ื•ืกืคืช), ื•ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื” ืขื“ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2012 . ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืžืื– ื”ื•ืชืงื ื” ืจืฉื™ืžืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช, ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ื•ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฆื” ื•ืžืขืžื™ืง ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ืœื•ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ืฉืœืœ ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืฉืขืœื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื™ืงืจื” (ืžืกื›ื•ื ืฉื™ื™ืงื‘ืข), ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื™ืงืจื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื”ืŸ ืžื–ืขืจื™; ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ืžืŸ; ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื—ืžืฉ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช; ื”ื›ื ืกืช ืกื›ื•ืžื™ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืช ืœื ื•ืกื—ืช ื”ืงืคื™ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืชื•ืš ืžืชืŸ ืžืฉืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ืขื“ 15.2.09 , ืืš ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืกื™ื›ื•ืžื™ื• ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ืฉืœ 16 ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื- ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ 2010 .
ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืชื™ืงื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื ืžืฆื ืžืกืžืš ืฉื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืื™ืฉ ืืงื“ืžื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ืคืจื•ืค' ืขืžื™ืจ ืฉืžื•ืืœื™.
738
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—, ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืžืขืชื™ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืจืคื•ืื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืงื‘ืข ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืชืžื”ื™ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื, ื•ื–ืืช ืœืœื ื”ื ื—ื™ื” ื•ืœืœื ื”ืชื•ื•ื™ื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฆื“ ื”ืžืฉืจื“. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœื”ืงืžืช ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช, ืœื”ื™ืงืคื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื•ืœื”ื™ืงืฃ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื• ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื›ืœ ืžื•ืกื“ ืžืฆื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืžืฉืœ ืขืฆืžื• ืœืชืงื ื™ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืžืœื™ืฅ ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื‘ืœ ื™ืคืขืœื• ืœื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื“ื™ื ืœื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชืงื ื™ื ื•ื”ืŸ ื›ืกืคื™ืช. ื›ืš ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื ื•ืฉื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืชื™ืงื‘ืข ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื™ื•ืคืฆื• ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืกื“ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื, ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื. ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื›ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ืจืฉืœื ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ืช, ืœื—ื™ืกื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื•ืœื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื”.
ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื“ืจื›ืช ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืจืคื•ืื”; ื”ื›ื ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืจืฉื•ืžื” ืจืคื•ืื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืจืฆืฃ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™; ื”ืคืฆืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื; ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืงื•ืคื” ืขืœ ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืฉื”ืชืจื—ืฉื• ืื• ืขืœ ืงืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื.
739
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื“ื™ืืœื™ื–ื” ื•ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื‘ืคื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช- ื‘ื”ื ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื - ืขืœื” ืฉืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ื˜ืจื ืžื•ืฆื”. ื›ืžื” ืžืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืจื›ื– ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื™ืฉืชืฃ ืื•ืชืŸ ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื• ืขื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื”ืฉืชืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื62 . ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื™ื™ืชืŸ ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง ื•ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื ื™ื›ืจ ื‘ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื” ื•ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ื ืคื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืœืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื (ื›ืžืื” ื‘ืฉื ื”), ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืขื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื”ืกื›ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ืžืช ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื - ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ื ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ื›ืจื˜ื™ืก ืื“ื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื›ืžืืกื“ืจ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื•ืœืœ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ - ืœื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ืคื•ืช 63 ื•ืœื ื‘ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— (ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ). ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื” ืžืจื›ื– ืœื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื›ืœืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืฉื ืขืฉื• - ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ืฉืชืœื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ, ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืขืงื‘ ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ ื”ืื™ื‘ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืœื”. ืื•ืœื ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฅ ื’ื“ืœ ืžืื•ื“ - ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 ื”ื™ื• ื› - 3,400 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 - ื›- 5,500 ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืคืจื•ืคื•ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื•ืชืŸ ืฉื ื™ื ื•ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืœื ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื.
ืžื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืœื ื•ื‘ืž ื‘ืจ 2011 ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ 171 ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ื’ื•ื“ 30 ,ื”ื ื’ืžืœืื™ื 44 ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ ืฉื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืจืง 18 ื”ื ื‘ื ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืืจื‘ืขื™ื. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื - ืžื”ื ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื "ืžื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืคื™ ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช". ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช 35 , ื‘ืฉื ืช 2010 ื”ื™ื• ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืืฆืœื• 202 ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”. ื”ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœ158 ( ืžื”ื78% ) ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ 65 ืฉื ื”- ื‘ื”ื 73 (36% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื) ื‘ื’ื™ืœื™ 55-64 . ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื”ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืœื ื”ื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืจืคื•ืื™ ื‘ืžืฆื•ืง ื”36 . ืขื•ื“ ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื ืคืจื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื ืกืงืจื” ื‘ื”ืจื—ื‘ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1996 .. ืžืฉืžืข ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ืฉื˜ืจื ื‘ืื” ืขืœ ืคืชืจื•ื ื”
740
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืจืคื•ืื™ ืœืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื . ืžื›ืš ืขื•ืœื” ืฉืขืžื•ืชื” ืžืžืœืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ื‘ืช ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ืฉืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื—ื•ืง ื–ื”ื• ืชืคืงื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื• ื•ืœืžืฆื•ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืืฉืคื•ื– ื•ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื ืงื™ื˜ืช ืฆืขื“ื™ื, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ, ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ื—ื–ืจื™ ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื–ื›ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื”.
. ื ืžืฆื ืฉืขืงื‘ ืžืฆื•ืงืช ื”ืžื™ื˜ื•ืช ืœื’ืจื™ืื˜ืจื™ื” ืฉื™ืงื•ืžื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื, ืงืฉื™ืฉื™ื ืžื•ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืืฉืคื•ื– ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช, ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช, ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ื”ืŸ ืขืžื•ืกื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ68 . ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ, ื‘ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื 30.1.11 ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ืคื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื•ืœืคืกื•ืŸ13 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืงื•ื ื‘ืืฉืคื•ื–; ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-30 ื™ื•ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื™ื•ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืื™ื›ื™ืœื•ื‘ 26 ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืœืžื—ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื•ื; ืžื”ื ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื.
741
ืขืจื™ื, ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืข_ืž . ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” - ืขืจื™ื โ€“ ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ื‘ืข_ืž ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืขื‘ื•ืจื• ื—ื‘ืจืช ืขืจื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื˜ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”; ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื” ื ืคื’ืขืช ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืกืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืช ืขืžื™ื“ืชื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”. ื™ื•ื“ื’ืฉ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืขืชื™ืจื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ืœืงื™ื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช ื•ืžืœืื” ืขืœื™ื”ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ื–ื” ืžืงืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื•ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื’ื ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื ื™ื•ืชื™ื” ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืžืกืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžื›ืจื– ื‘ืชื•ืš ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืงืฉ - ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื”, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืขืžื“ืช ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ืืžื•ืจ; ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืืช ืœื ืงื™ื“ืžื” ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ื’ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื ืคื ื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืื• ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืจ ื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืฉื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ, ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื”ืคืจื˜ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคื ื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืžื ื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ.
742
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืคืขืœื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœื ื”ืœื™ื ื•ื™ืขืฉื• ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื”ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ืจืื•ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืœื™ืš ืกื“ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืžื” ืœื—ืงื™ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉื‘ื™ื— ืืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ 2011 , ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืžื•ืžืฉื• ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ืœื—ื•ืง ืื™ืกื•ืจ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช ื•ืขืžื“ืช ื” - FATF ืฉื”ื•ื–ื›ืจื• ืœืขื™ืœ, ื›ืžืงื•ื‘ืœ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืœื—ืžื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ืจื•ืจ.
743
ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ืกื•ื™ ืขืœ ืขืกืงืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื . ืœื“ืขืช ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื•ืœื ื‘ืจื•ื›ืฉื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื ื”ืœื™ื” ื•ืœื ืœืชืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืœืจื•ื›ืฉื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืฉืžื, ืขื“ ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ืœืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื. .ื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืžืงืจื” ืฉื‘ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ื ืชื ื• ื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืžืก ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืœืงืจื•ื‘ื• ืฉืจื›ืฉื• ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื‘ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืฉื ืงืœืขื” ืœืงืฉื™ื™ื ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื, ื–ืืช ืœืœื ื”ืกื‘ืจ ื ืื•ืช. ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆืื” ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื” ืœืคืชื™ื—ื” ื‘ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืคืœื™ืœื™ืช. ืขื ื–ืืช, ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืชืงื™ื ื” ืขื“ ื›ื“ื™ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ืžื™ื“ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืžืกื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ื‘ืงืจื•ื‘ื•, ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืžื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืก ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ, ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ื›ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ืจื•ืจื™ื ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ ืžืก ืฉืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืงืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื”ื•ื™ ื”ืžืžื•ืฉืš ื‘ืžืชืŸ ื”ืžืขื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืขื ื™ ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืืช ื”ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื”ื ื›ืก ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืœื ื“ื™ื—ื•ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืก ื”ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื” ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงืจื•ื‘ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืคื ื” ื‘ื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2011 ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืœ ื”ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ืœืื›ื™ืคืช ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืžืžื ื• ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืžืงืจื•ื‘ื•.
744
ืงืจืŸ ืงืกืจื™ื” ืื“ืžื•ื ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื” ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ . ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ - ืงืจืŸ ืงื™ืกืจื™ื” ืื“ืžื•ื ื“ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ืŸ ื“ื” ืจื•ื˜ืฉื™ืœื“ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื”, ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2007 ื•- 2008 ืœื”ืฉืงื™ืข ื‘ืืคื™ืงื™ ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืื™ื ื ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื‘ืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ืžื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ื ื’ืจื ืœืงืจืŸ ื”ืคืกื“ ื ื™ื›ืจ ืฉืœ ื›-87 .ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื— ืจืง ื‘ืฉื ืช 2009 ืฉื™ื ืชื” ื”ืงืจืŸ ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืงืขื” ืฉืœื” ื•ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ืชืžืงื“ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ื“ื™ื™ื. . ื“ื•ื— ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืฉื ืช 2000 ืขืกืง ื’ื ื‘ืคื˜ื•ืจ ืžืžืกื™ื, ื•ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื• ื›ื™ "ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืžืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืคื˜ื•ืจ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื—ื•ืง". ื‘ื“ื•ื— ืืฃ ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœื ืงื•ื“ืžื• ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืœืคื˜ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืžืžืก ื”ื›ื ืกื” ื•ืžืžืก ืฉื‘ื— ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจืงืขื™ืŸ ืฉื”ืงืจืŸ ืžื›ืจื”, ื•ืื•ืœื ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื ื™ื–ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื—ืงื™ืงื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื•ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืงืจืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืก.
.ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” , ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืืœื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉื”ืงืจืŸ ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ืช ืœืชืจื•ื ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื”ืŸ ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื™ื ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืจืš ื—ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชืจื•ืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืงืจืŸ ืื• ื‘ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืžื ื™ื‘ ืคืืจืง ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”.
745
ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช . ื”ืขืกืงืช ื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื - ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ืช ืœืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืข_ืž ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื”ืžืชืื™ื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื”ื•ื ืชืขืจื™ืฃ ื™ื•ืขืฅ 2 ื•ืœื ื™ื•ืขืฅ111 ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื™ืฉืจื” ืœื• ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ 20% ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื• -10% ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืข ืฉืฉื•ืœื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืฃ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื”ื ื“ืกื™ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2007 ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉืกื•ื›ื ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื‘ืฉื ืช 1983 ื•ืœืœื ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ืชืงืฃ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœืฉืœื ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืขืจื™ืคื™ ื”ื—ืฉื‘ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืขื“ื›ื ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื•ืœืœื™ื ื”ืคื—ืชื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช. ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืข ืขืžื“ื” ื›ื–ื• ืื• ืื—ืจืช ื‘ืืฉืจ ืœืชืจื•ืžืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืœื—ื‘ืจื”.
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ืžื”ืชืขืจื™ืฃ 20% ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื”ืคื—ืชื” ืฉืœ 10% .ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืžืชืžืฉื›ืช ื ื•ืกืคืช
746
ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ื™ื - ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช ืขืžืง ื™ื–ืจืขืืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœื™ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืœื™ืš ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื•ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื–ื” ืžืฆื“ ืžืžืœืื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ื”ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืžื ื›"ืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื›ืœืœื” ื›ื™ ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืชืื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” 45 ,ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžืœ"ื’ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, ื•ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืœื™ืš ืืฉืจ ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื›ืคื•ืคื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžืกืžื›ื™ ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื™ื—ื“ ื•ืœืจื›ื– ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืžื›ืจื– ืฉื”ืชืคืจืกื, ื ื•ืกื— ื”ืคื ื™ื™ื” ืœืกืคืงื™ื, ื”ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื•, ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจืช ื”ืกืคืง ื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ื•ื›ืœ ืžืกืžืš ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืื—ืจ, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืงืจื”, ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ืžืขืงื‘ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžื›ืจื– ื•ืชืงื™ื ื•ืชื• ื•ื”ืคืงืช ืžืจื‘ ื”ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืžื›ืœืœื”.
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ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื™ื” . ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื˜ื—ืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง ืœืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011 ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืจืฉ"ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœื”ืกื›ื ืฉื‘ื• ื ืชื ื” ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืื•ืคืฆื™ื” ืœืจืฉ"ืช ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื', ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื›ืœื™ื. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืจืฉ"ืช ืœื ื”ืชื ืชื” ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžืชื” ืžืžืื™ 2012 ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ื• ืฉืœ ืžื›ืœ ื–ื” ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื•ืกืคืช ืœื”ืกื›ื ืžื™ื ื•ืืจ 2011 ., ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉืจืฉืจืช ืืกืคืงืช ื”ื“ืก"ืœ ื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2000 - ,ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื—ื–ืจื• ื•ื ืฉื ื• ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจืื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื, ื‘ืจืืฉื ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืชื›ื ื ื• ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื•ืžืชื•ืืžืช ืœืžืขืจืš ืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ืก"ืœ ื‘ืจืฉืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช. ื”ืžืขืจืš ืืžื•ืจ ืœื›ืœื•ืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ, ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกื ื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื, ืืช ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจืฉื™ ื”ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืกื ืŸ ื•ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืžืžื•ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™ ื•ื”ืชืจืื” ืขืœ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื—ืจื™ื’ื•ืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืจืฉืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื•ื”ืืกืคืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืก"ืœ ื•ืœืืคืฉืจ ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื›ื›ืœ ื”ืืคืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืชื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ืก"ืœ ื”ืžืกื•ืคืง ืœืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื•ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ืœืงื™ื•ืžื•.
ื‘ืฉื ืช 2008 ืขืฉื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ื“ืœืง ืžืขืงื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื•ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื' ืœื ื™ื™ืฉืžื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช.
748
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ืžื’ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื›ื™ ื”ืื™ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ื™ื ื•ืก ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื“ืจื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืก ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืกืžื•ืš ืœืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืกืžื›ืชื” ื’ื ืื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืฆืขืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืžืฉืงืคืช ืืช ืขืžื“ื•ืชื™ื•. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฆืืชื ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืขื ื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืœ ืขืช. ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื—ืœืคื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืžืื– ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื›ืŸ ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื”, ืœื ื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืช ื ื•ื”ืœ. ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื”ืœื™ืš ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ื‘ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื”ื• ืžื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืžื–ืขืจื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืงื™ื•ื ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ืงื•ื•ืจื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช.
ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉ ืœื” ืžืฉื ืช 2008 ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉื” ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืชื“ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ืง ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™. ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ืœืคื™ื” ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชืงื ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื ืช 1979 , ืฉืฉื™ืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช, ืžืœืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื›ืฉืœ ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื” ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื.
749
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื›ืžืืกื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ื•ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ืžื“ื“ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืืช ืžืฆื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืคืขืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชืงืฃ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ื’ื ื‘ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื’ื•ืจื ื”ืžื•ืคืงื“ ืขืœ ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžืฆื‘ืŸ ื”ื›ืกืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื“ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ื›ื™ ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขืœ ื”ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื”, ื•ืขื ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืขืฆืžื• ืคืจืกื. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืงื™ืฆื•ืจ ืœื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืœืžืช ื”ื“ ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื•ืงืจื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื•ื”ื‘ืงืจื” - ืฉื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื™ืชื‘ืกืกื• ืขืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืืžื™ืŸ ื•ืขื“ื›ื ื™.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ื— ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื”ืžืกื›ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื”, ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื•ืืช ื”ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžืฆื’ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื“ืข ื—ืœืงื™, ื•ืื™ื ื• ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืกื‘ืจื™ื ืžืฉืœื™ืžื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชื ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืคื” ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื›ื—ื• ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฆื’ืชื”. ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ืžื›ืš ื ืคื’ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืจื’ื•ืŸ.
750
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื . ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืชืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ื›ื™ ื›ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืชืฉืชื™ืช ืฉื”ื–ืžื™ื ื• ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืื• ื’ื•ืฃ ืื—ืจ ื”ื›ืคื•ืฃ ืœื—ื•ืง ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื, ื”ืชืฉื "ื‘ - 1992 , ืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืชื—ื™ืœื” ืขื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื”ืžื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืื•ืชื• ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื–ืงื•ืง ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ื ื•ืžืกืคืจื. ืขืœ ืžื ื”ืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื™ื ืืœื” ืœืชืื ืขืžื• ืžืจืืฉ ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื– ืจื™ื, ื›ืœ ืื™ืžืช ืฉื ื“ืจืฉืช ื”ืขืกืงื” ื›ื–ืืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ืชื ืื™ื ื™ื™ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื•ื™ื”ื™ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœื›ืœืœ ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื. .ืืฃ ืฉื’ื ืœืคื™ ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื• ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืž-300 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื ื”ื•ืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื” - TBM , ื‘ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ืชืจื™ื ืืœ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2009 ื”ื•ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœื”ืชื™ืจ ืœืงื‘ืœืŸ ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืขื“ 630 ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ, ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจืฉื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ืจื‘ืขื•ืŸ.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื‘ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืจื’ ืžื”ืžื›ืกื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœืขื ืคื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื - ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืžืชื•ืงืฃ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ ืจ 2005 - ืฉื™ืžืฉ ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืœื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ืœื ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืื• ืžื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
751
ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืฆืช ืžืงืจืงืขื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืชื• ืœืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืขืงืจ ื•ื ื™ ืœืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™ืช ื•ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืžื ื—ื™ื ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืž"ื™ ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ื•ื’ืข ืœืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ ืขื‘ืจ - ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ื™ื-ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื•ืœืœื• ืžืื– ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชื• ืฉ ืœ ืžืž"ื™ ืื™ื ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืจืง ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืคืงื• ืžืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช, ืืœื ื’ื - ื•ืื•ืœื™ ืงื•ื“ื ื›ื•ืœ - ืœืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”, ืœื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ื•ืœืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื‘ ืืช ืชืž"ื13 ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” 17 . ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื”ืงืžืช ืžื•ืงื“ื™ ืชื™ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ืคืชื•ื—ื™ื ื™ื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืขืœ ืคื™ื”.
ืฉืืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ืงื“ ื“ื•ื— ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื•ืฃ ืคืœืžื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื• ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ื›ื™: "ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืื‘ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืฆืœื• ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื— ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ืœืจื‘ื•ืช ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ ื”ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื• ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ื•ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—... ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉืจืช ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื•ืœืžื’ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืง ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืชืž"ื 13 ื•ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืชืืจ ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื•ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืจ ืžืก' 35 . ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืžื’ืžืช ื”ื—ืงื™ืงื” - ื”ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื - ืชืฉืžืฉ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืžื ื—ื”, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืงืจืงืข ืžืขื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื™ืงื‘ืข ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืืžื•ืช ืžื™ื“ื” ื•ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื•ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืื–ื•ืจ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ". ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืช ืžืž"ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืฆืžื‘ืจ 2012 , ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื™ืงื™ื™ื ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื”, ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ืžืœืฆืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื•ืคื™ืช ื•ื›ื™ ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืชื™ื• ืชืชืงื‘ืœื ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉืชืงื‘ืขื ื” ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ื” ื™ืคืขืœ ื‘ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื–ื•.
752
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ืžืชืŸ ืกื™ื•ืข ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœื ื•ื”ืœ, ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงืช ืฉืœื—ื” ืœืฉื›ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืœื› -54% ืžืžื’ื™ืฉื™ ื”ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ืฉื ื“ื—ื• ื‘ืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ื–ื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื“ื—ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž - 45 ื™ืžื™ื ืžื”ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ื• ื”ืชืงื‘ืœ ื˜ื•ืคืก ื”ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ืœืฉื›ื”40. ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื• ืœื”ื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืžืฉื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืžืชื ื” ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืขื•ืจืš ื“ื™ืŸ ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืคื•ื ื”, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื ื’ืจื ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ืฉืœ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืœืื’ืฃ.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื“ื•ื— ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื”.
753
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื•ื”ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืœ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื•ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื‘ื˜ืœ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื” ืืคื•ื ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื™ืจืช ื”ื ื›ืก, ื•ืœื ืžืฉื™ืงื•ืœื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืจืฉื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื‘ื—ื ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืžื‘ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื” ืœืงื™ื™ื ืงื‘ืœืช ืงื”ืœ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื• ืคื’ืข ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœืŸ ืฉืœ ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. . ืืžื ื ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ืช ืœื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ืงื”ืœ, ืืš ื›ืขืช ื‘ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื” ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืจืง ืขืžื“ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืขืžื“ื•ืช ืฉืคืขืœื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ื•ื–ืืช ืœื ื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื›ื‘ืขื‘ืจ, ืืœื ื‘ืœืฉื›ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืœ"ืค ื‘ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื. ืœืฉื› ื” ื–ื• ืžื ื•ืชืงืช ืžื”ืžื“ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื”ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืฉื‘ืžืจื›ื–, ื•ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ืฉื”ื ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื™ืจืฆื• ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืชื ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ื“ื•ืจืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืชื.
.ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื—ืœืงื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืžื–ื›ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื’ื‘ื™ื™ืช ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืžืจื›ื– ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืžืขื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ: ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื™ ืื™ืฉื•ื, ื‘ืคืกืงื™ ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืชืœื•ื ื ื™ื, ื‘ืคืจื•ื˜ื•ืงื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ื™ื•ืช. ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ืื•ืชืจื• ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ ื, ืœื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื’ื‘ื™ื™ื” ืžื™ื•ืชืจื™ื ื•ืœืคื’ื™ืขื” ืœื ืžื•ืฆื“ืงืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื. ื‘ื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื‘ื”ืงื“ื, ืื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืžืจื›ื– ื•ืื ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื ื–ืง ืื™ืฉื™ ืœื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ื ื–ืง ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื’ื™ืŸ ื”ื’ืฉืช ืชื‘ื™ืขื•ืช.
754
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ืื™ -ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื”ืžืขืœื” ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื”ื˜ืจื“ื” ืžื™ื ื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืžืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ ืขื ืกื“ืจื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืขืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ืœื”ื ื—ื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ื” ื”ืžื˜ืคืœื™ื ื‘ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืชืขื“ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžืกืžื›ื™ื ื”ืžืชืขื“ื™ื ืืช ืคืขื• ืœื•ืชื™ื”ื ื™ื•ืคืฆื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืŸ. ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืชื‘ื˜ืื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘' ื•ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื•ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืจืงื˜ื•ืจ "ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืื—ื“ื™ื", ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื™ืงื•ื™ื ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ, ื•ืœื• ืจืืฉื•ื ื™, ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘', ื’ื ืื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืชืœื•ื ื” ื•ืœื ื ืžืกืจื” ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื” ื•ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘' ืื™ื ืŸ ืขื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืžื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื” ื•ืขื ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืฉืœืคื™ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื” ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘' ื›ื™ ื ื”ื’ ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืœื ื”ื•ืœื ืืš ื”ืคืกื™ืง ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืกืชื™ืจื” ื–ื•, ืืฉืจ ืขื•ืœื” ืื’ื‘ ืงื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืชืจ ืฉืืช ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื™ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืฉื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืชืžืœื ืืช ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืชืขื“ ื›ืจืื•ื™ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ืกื’ืœ ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœืžื™ืฆื•ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ. ืœืฉื ื›ืš ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืช "ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืื—ื“ื™ื" ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื”ืจืงื˜ื•ืจ, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ ื•ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ืชื™ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ืช ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืื• ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื™ ืกื’ืœ. ืื™-ืงื™ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืืœื• ื’ืจื ืœื›ืš ืฉื›ื™ื•ื, ืฉื ื™ื ืžืกืคืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื•ืขืœ ื” ื”ื—ืฉืฉ, ืื™ืŸ ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืจื•ืจื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื™ื—ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจ ืกื’ืœ ื‘', ื•ื ื•ืชืจ ืกืคืง ืื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืงื™ื•ื ืฉื™ื—ื” ื–ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ.
755
ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” . ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉื›ืœื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื”ื•ืขืœื” ืฉื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ืœืื—ืจ ืคื ื™ื™ืชื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืฉืชื”ื” ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ื•ืง. ื•ืขื“ืช ืžืจื™ื“ื•ืจ ื’ื™ื‘ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ื™ื•ืชืงื ื• ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืชืงื ื•ืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ืกื•ื’ื™ ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืงื•ื™ ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ืชืžื™ื›ื” ืฉืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืœืจืฉื•ืชื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืชืงื ืช ืชืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ืžื•ืชื ื™ืช ื‘ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื•ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœืชื”ืœื™ืš ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ืื• ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื ื•ื”ืœ ื–ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ ืœื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืืžื ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“ื ืืช ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช (ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืžืื‘ื—ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ), ืื• ืœื ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื• ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืงื“ื ืืช ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืื™ื ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืื‘ื—ืŸ ื•ื”ืื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื›ืจื™ื, ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ืžื•ืงื“ื ื•ืœืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช. ืœืžืฆืขืจ, ืื ืกื‘ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื™ ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืชืง ื ื•ืช ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ืœื ืชื•ืงืŸ ื”ื—ื•ืง, ื ื™ืชืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื•ื ื”ืœื™ื ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืชืจื•ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืœืงื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช.
756
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ . ืžืื–ืŸ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ื 31.12.11 - ื”ืœื•ื•ืื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืœ- 31.12.11 ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ืœื—ื™ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืกื›ื•ื ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช. ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกื›ื•ื ืฉื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ ืœื› -624 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฉ"ื—, ื•ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื”ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ื” ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื”ื ืื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื›ืกืคื™ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื•ืžืฉื‘"ืฉ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ืชื ืื™ ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื•ืš ืœื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื” , ื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื, ื•ื‘ื›ืš ื”ืงืฉืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืงื•ื“ ื”ื ืžื•ืš. ืžื•ืฆืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื•ื™ืฉืงื•ืœ ืืช ื ื™ืžื•ืงื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื• ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”.
ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ืขืœืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชื” ืœื–ื›ืื™ื ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืžืขืœ ืœืจื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ื ืชืื•ืช ื‘ืฉื•ืง ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™, ื•ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ื”ื.
757
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื”ืขืกืงืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืžืชื•ืš 456 ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื•, 108 ืžื”ื ืžื•ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืืฃ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื™ 30 . ื ืžืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ื ืฉ "ื ืœื ืขืžื“ื” ืืฃ ื‘ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆื™ื‘ื” ืœืขืฆืžื”, ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื” ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื’ื ืขื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืืฉืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชื ืื™ื” ืฉืœื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืœืคื’ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืžึผื•ื—ืœ ืขืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืงืจื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืชื•ืืจื•. ืื ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืžืชืŸ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืขืกืงื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ื›ื™ ื ืฉ"ื ืชื’ื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื” ื›ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ืช ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื ืคืจื“; ืื ื™ืฉ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื” ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืขืœ ื ืฉ"ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื–ืืช, ื•ืœื”ืžื™ืจ ืืช ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืžืฉืจื” ืœื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืจืื•ื™.
ื”ื’ื“ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื ื”ืžื ื•ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” - ื”ืื—ื“ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ืื ื•ืฉ ื•ื›ื• ื— ื”ืื“ื, ื•ื”ืื—ืจ ื‘ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืืœื” - ืžืœืžื“ื•ืช ืขืœ ืคืขืจ ื‘ืชืคื™ืกื” ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœืคื™ ื ืฉ "ื ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ืช ื•ืื™ื ื” ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ื‘ืขืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืžืงืฆื•ืข ื ื“ืจืฉ, ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืฉื›ืจ ืื›ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ื–ืืช. ื—ื•ืกืจ ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืžืขื™ื“ ืขืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื•ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื‘ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ื™ืจื•ื’ ื”ืืงื“ืžืื™ื.
758
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื ืฆื—ืช ื ืฉื™ืื™ื ื•ืจืืฉื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืืฃ ืฉื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืื™ืŸ ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ืขืœ ืžืฉืš ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”, ืจืื•ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืกืคืช ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืจื›ื‘ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื ืืช ื“ืคื•ืกื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื”. . ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืœื ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ืœื” ื‘ื—ื•ืง: ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ืฆื™ื’ื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืœืžื™ ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ืคื™ืงื—ื” ืขืœ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื” ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืขืœ ืžืžืฆืื™ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืฉืžืื– ืžื•ื ืชื” ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2012 ื•ืขื“ ื™ื ื•ืืจ 2013 ืœื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”, ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื”, ื•ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื’ื ืœื ืžื™ื ืชื” ื™ื•"ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืจืืฉื™ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”: ืขืœื™ื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื ื•ื”ืœ ืœื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื” ืฉื™ื’ื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืืช ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”, ื•ืœื›ื ืก ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื”ื™ื’ื•ื™. ื‘ื“ ื‘ื‘ื“, ื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืชืงื™ืŸ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื—ื•ืง ื”ื”ื ืฆื—ื” ืฉื ื—ืงืง ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-25 .ืฉื ื”
759
ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” . ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื— ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื™ืจื•ื›ื– ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจื ืื—ื“, ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื–ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื›ืžื” ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืคื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืื• ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ "ื ืคื™ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ืกืื•ืช". ืขืœ ืœืฉื›ืช ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืจื”"ื ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืœืจืฉื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื” ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืืฉืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ื™ื•ืœื™ 2010 ,ื”ื—ืœ ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื•ื›ื™ ืขื“ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžื”ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœื›ืš, ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื•.
760
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื•ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” . ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ื•ืขืจ - ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ .ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™-ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ ืžืคื•ืฆืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ืžืžืฉืœื” - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช. ื›ืœ ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฉืš ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืฉืœ ื”ืชื™ืื•ื ื•ืฉืœ ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ืชื™ืื•ื ื–ื” ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื”ืŸ: ืกื™ื•ืข ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืคื“ื’ื•ื’ื™ืช ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžืช ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช, ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื ื•ืฉื ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ื•ื”ืชืงื ืช ื”ืชืงื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื”ืชื ืื™ื ืœื”ื›ืœืœืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื—ื•ืง ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื—ื•ื‘ื”. ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืงืฉืจื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื” ืžืชืงื™ื™ื ื”ืคื™ืฆื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืชื ืื™ ืœื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืžืขืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื ื™ื›ึผื•ืช ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืžืงื™ื™ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื’ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ื”ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื•ืœืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื‘ืžืฉืง, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ื—ืœื•ืคื” ื”ื•ืœืžืช ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืœื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืžืชืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ืงืœื˜ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช. ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช - ื–ืืช, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ - ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื ื•ืฉื ื‘ื”ืงื“ื ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ื›ืฉืจื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืœื ื™ืงื•ืคื—ื•. ื”ืžืขืงื‘ ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืœื ื—ืœื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืžื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช.
ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ื ืžืจืฆืช ื•ืžื™ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื, ื•ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ื™ืฉ ืืฃ ืœืขืจื‘ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืฉืจื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืชืจื• ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช.
761
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ื“ืจื•ื ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื“ืจื•ืฉ ืžืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืชื›ื ื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืœืคื ื™ ื” ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ืคืงื“ืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื—ื•ื–ืช ืจื•ื˜ื ืจ, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ืœืขืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืžื’ื™ืฉ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื™ืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ื”ืคืงื“ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืกืคืง ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื‘ืฉืœื•ืชืŸ ืœื”ืคืงื“ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ื›ื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื“ื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืงื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืื ืœืงื‘ืœื”. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ื”ื™ื” ืจืื•ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกื“ืจ ื”ื™ื•ื ืœื”ืฆื‘ืขืช ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช.
. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืœืฉื›ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื•ืŸื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื™ืช ื›ื™ ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืžืขื•ื’ื ื™ื ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ืžืžืฉืœื” , ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื™ื”ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืชืจ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฉืงืขื• ื‘ื” ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืชื” ื”ืชืžืฉื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขืฉื•ืจ, ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœืืœื• ืฉื ืžืฉื›ื• ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื.
762
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ืื” ื•ื”ื˜ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื›ืจ, ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื”ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื‘ืชื ืื™ ื”ืคืจื™ืฉื” ืฉืœ ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืœื ืคื ืชื” ืœืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ื ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืงื•ื“ื ืฉื”ื•ืจืชื” ืœืฉืœื ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ืกื’ื ื™ื ืืช ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืžื ื›"ืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื. ื ื•ืกืฃ ืขืœ ื›ืš, ื”ื™ื ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืžื”ืกื’ื ื™ื ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉื ื™ืฆืœื• ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื‘ื•ืข ื›ื™ ืคื“ื™ื•ืŸ 114-140 ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” ื™ื™ืชื›ืŸ ืจืง ืื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช ื•ืกื’ื ื™ื• ืœื ื™ืฆืื• ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืช ื›ื”ื•ื ืชื ืœื—ื•ืคืฉื” ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž -12 ื™ื•ื ื‘ืฉื  ื” ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ื ื™ืฆื•ืœ ื–ืขื•ื ืฉืœ ื™ืžื™ ื—ื•ืคืฉื” - ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืขืฉื” ื›ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืกืคืงื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืชื•.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื ืžืฆื ืฉืžืจ ืขืกืืœื” ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืœื™ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื•ืจื•ืช, ืœื ืœืคื ื™ื” ืŸ, ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื™ืฉื•ืจื”, ื•ืœื ืœืื—ืจื™ื”ืŸ, ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ืื ื ืขืฉื• ืžื˜ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจื”, ืื• ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืœืžื˜ืจื” ืคืจื˜ื™ืช, ื•ืื–ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืฆื•ืจืš ืœื’ืจื•ืข ืืช ื™ืžื™ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืžืื–ืŸ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื”.
763
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื .ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉื ื“ื’ืฉ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืžื™ืจืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื. ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืชืคืขืœ ืœืงื™ื“ื•ืžื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื ื”ืœื ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืœื ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื›ืœืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ืช ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืงื ื” ืื—ื“ ืขื ืขืจื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื•ืขื ื”ื ืืžืจ ื‘ืžื’ื™ืœืช ื”ืขืฆืžืื•ืช ื›ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ "ืชืงื™ื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื•ืŸ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ื•ืžื“ื™ื ื™ ื’ืžื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื” ื‘ืœื™ ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื“ืช, ื’ื–ืข ื•ืžื™ืŸ". ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืœื”ืงืžื” ื•ื”ืคืขืœื” ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื™ ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื, ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ื›ื•ื—ื ืœืชืจื•ื ืœืจื•ื•ื—ืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื•ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ ืฉืœ ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ืœืฆืžื™ื—ืช ื”ืžืฉืง ื”ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื›ื•ืœื•. ืชืจื•ืžืชื ืฉืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ื‘ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื•ื‘ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืžืžื“ื™ ื”ืื‘ื˜ืœื”, ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืœืช ื”ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขืกืงื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื˜ืจื“ ืžืื–ื•ืจื™ ื”ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื ืœืื–ื•ืจื™ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื“ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื• ืžื—ื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืกืจื -ืกืžื™ืข ื•ืคืงื™ืขื™ืŸ ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืŸ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช. ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื”ื™ื ืื—ื“ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืžื’ืจืฉื™ื. ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื”ืงืจืงืขื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืชื ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืžื˜ืจื“ ืืœ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ืŸ ื”ื›ื ืกื•ืช ืžืืจื ื•ื ื”.
ื”ืงืžืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ืœืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—ื• ื•ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืขืกืงื™ืช ืฉืชืชืงื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื™ื™ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืื•ืฉืจื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื ืฆืจืช ืขืœ ืฉื˜ืจื ืžื™ื ืชื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœื” ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืœื•ืœ ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื”ืงืžืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืชื•.
764
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื - ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื’ื“ืจื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืืžื•ืจ ืœืžืœื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื ืžืฉืžืฉ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™. ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข ื”ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืืฉืจ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ื• ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื‘ื—ืจื• ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื”. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ืžืœื™ืื” ืฉื‘ื” ืื•ืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™, ืงื•ื“ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื, ืืฃ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื•ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ื“ืข "ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืชืช ืžืขื ื”". ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ืœื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœืคื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื›ืœืฉื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“, ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•, ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื•ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื•, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ื•ื. ืžืื—ืจ ืฉืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ื•ื–ื™ืงื” ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื• ืœื”ืฆื”ื™ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืชื• ืขื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื–ื™ืงื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื, ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืื•ืœื ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช. ื”ื”ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืขื ืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืขืฆืžืื•ืชื• ื•ื‘ืื™-ืชืœื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืชื•ื‘ืข. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืจืืฉ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื›ื™ ืื™ -ืžืกื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื” - ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื•, ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื• ื•ืืฃ ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ - ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื ืฉืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื”, ื—ื•ืž ืจื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ืชื•ื‘ืข ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขืœ ืฉืœื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืจืฉื•ืชื” ืฉืืœื•ืŸ ืœืื™ืชื•ืจ ื—ืฉืฉ ืœื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืœืžืœื, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืขืœ ืžืฉื ื” ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืืœื ื ื•ืชืŸ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
765
ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื”ืงืฆืืช ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืงืžืช ืžื•ืกื“ ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™ - ืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื™ืคื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื‘ืคืจืกื•ื ื”ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืคื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื‘ ืงืฉื” ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื—ื•ืจื’, ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœื›ื™ืชื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืงืžืช ืžืจืคืื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข ืœื”ืฆื‘ืช ืžื‘ื ื™ื ื™ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืœืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™.
. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื”ื—ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืจืื• ื™ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™, ื”ื™ื” ืขืœื™ื” ืœืืชืจ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื—ืœื•ืคื™ ืขื“ ืžืชืŸ ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ืข ื•ืœื ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืงืฆืืช ื”ืงืจืงืข, ื•ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ื›ืฉืจืช ื”ืงืจืงืข - ื”ืงืฆืื” ืฉื ืขืฉืชื” ืœืœื ืื™ืฉื•ืจื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“ ื’ื ื—ืจืฃ ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื•.
766
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื ื•ื›ื— ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืขื ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ื•ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ื•ื ื•ื›ื— ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ื”ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื”, ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ื›ื™ ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ื”ืŸ ืชืชืงื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฆื” ืฉืœ ืžืœื™ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื• ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืฉืœื” ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื™ืชื•ืขื“ื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื•. ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœื ื”ืชื›ื ืกื” ืžืœื™ืืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงืžื”, ืกื•ื›ืžื• ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ืกืคื•ืจื˜ ืœื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื™ืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื›ื™ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืžื•ืขื“ ื’ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืงื ืฆื•ื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ืฉื ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ื‘ื”ืกื›ื.
.ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ื ื’ื™ื™ื˜ ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืฉื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื‘ืฆืข ื™ื™ื—ืชืžื• ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ื›ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืžื›ืœืœื™ ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืชืงื™ืŸ.
767
ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž . ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ืœื—ื•_ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•_ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื ืžืœ ืืฉื“ื•ื“ ื‘ืข_ืž .ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื ื•ื”ืœื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ืืช ื”ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื•ืœืืฉืจ ืืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ ืœื—ื•" ืœ ืจืง ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ืฉืœื”, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื™ืžื™ ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื—ืก ืœืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืจืžืช ื”ืื™ืจื•ื— ื•ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืœื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื” ื›ื™ ืขืœ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ื ื”ืœืชื” ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื•"ืจ, ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืชื™ื• ืœื—ื•"ืœ, ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื“ืžื™ ื”ืœื™ื ื” ื”ืžืจื‘ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืชืฉืœื ืขืœ ืœื™ื ืช ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืฉื•ื”ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื”. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืืช ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื•ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืคืขืœื” ื‘ืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ, ืœืชื™ืงื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ. ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ, ื•ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื™ื•"ืจ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื›ืจ, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืœื ื‘ื™ืงืฉ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœ ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื•"ืจ ืœื—ื•"ืœ, ืืœื ืจืง ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื ืกื™ืขื” ื•ืขืœื•ืชื”. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืžืกืคืจื ื”ืžื•ืขื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืžื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ืขืกืง ื™ื•"ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืขืช ืฉืฉื”ื” ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ ืžื˜ืขืžื”, ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฆื•ืจืš ืฉื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ, ืงื•ื“ื ืœืื™ืฉื•ืจ ื ืกื™ืขื”, ืืช ืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืช ืœื•ื— ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืจื˜ ืฉืœื”.
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ืงื‘ืขื” ื›ืœืœื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื—ืœืงื” ืฉื‘ื” ื™ื˜ื•ืกื• ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”.
768
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื”, ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ื•ื”ืชืขืกื•ืงื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืกื—ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืžืจืืฉ ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื”ืžื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื” ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืกื›ื ืžื•"ืค. ื”ืฉื’ืจื™ืจ ื™ื–ื ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืžื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ืฉื’ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ืงื•ื™ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื›ื™ ื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžื˜ื” ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืกื—ืจ ื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืฉื ืžืกืจื” ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืœืœื ื™ื™ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ืง ืืช ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ื™ื“ ืžืงื™ืฅ 2009 ื•ืขื“ ืงื™ืฅ 2011 ื•ื”ืขืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ื ืกืข ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ืคื•ืจื˜ื•ื’ืœ. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช, ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื™ื• ื‘ืžืจืกื™ื™ ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•, ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ืฆื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืข ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ืชืฉื•ื‘ืชื•. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื•ืฉ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 ื•- 2010 ืœื ื ืขืฉื• ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฆื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ื ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื›ืœืœื™ ื”ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ื”ืชืงื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืจืง ื‘ื“ื™ืขื‘ื“, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ืฉื™ืื™ื™ืฉื• ืื•ืชืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ืคืขื•ืœื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื” ืœืžื ื•ืข ื‘ื–ื‘ื•ื– ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื‘ืฆืข ืชื™ืื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื˜ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ ื” ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ืœื”ื•ืกื™ืฃ ืžืฉืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืชืงืŸ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื•ืฆื‘ื• ื ืกืคื—ื™ ืชืž"ืช.
ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ืคื’ื™ืฉื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœื™ื ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื, ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืขืจื›ื• ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืกื“ื•ืจื” ื•ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื ืคื•ืขืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ืกืคื—ื™ ื”ืชืž"ืช, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืื ื”ืฆื‘ืชื ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื ืฆื™ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืžืฆื•ืคื” ืžืžื™ ืฉืžื•ืคืงื“ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื›ืกืคื™ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
769
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ืจื™ืฉื•ื ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื˜ืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ื“ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืŸ ื›ื™ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉื ืจืฉื ืืฆืœืŸ ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืž"ืฉ, ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฉื ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื“ื•ื•ื— ืขืœ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืฉืžื• ืฉืœ ืื“ื ืžืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ืงืคื™ื“ื• ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืช ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืฉืงื‘ืขื” ื›ื™ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื›ืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ืชืŸ. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืž ื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ื ื” ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ื™ื. ื›ืžื• ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ืžืฉืžืฉืช ื›ื‘ืงืจื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืœืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”, ืฉื ื•ืชืจื™ื ื‘ื” ื’ื ืฉืžื•ืช ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืžื—ืœืงืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืขืงื‘ ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ื›ื™ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืขื•ื›ื‘ื™ ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจ ืืœื™ื” ืžื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืื• ืžื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ืš ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื•ืช ื”ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื™ืชื ื• ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ื˜ืœ ืืช ืขื™ื›ื•ื‘ ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ ืฉืœื•. 3. ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ื•ื“ืข ืœืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขืจ ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื’ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ื“ืจื›ื•ืŸ ื–ืจ. ืœืคื™ื›ืš, ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืœ ื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ื›ื“ืžื•"ื™ ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ืขื™ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืจื“, ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ืœ ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื‘ ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืžื•ืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœืื•ืจ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืชื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื”ืœื™ืš ื”ืจื™ืฉื•ื ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื“ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ืืช ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ ื‘ื”.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื› ื™ ืขืœื™ื• ืœืจืขื ืŸ ืืช ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื”ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ื—ื–ืจ ื”ืื’ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืชื™ืง ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ, ื•ืœืื›ื•ืฃ ืืช ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืขืŸ.
770
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ืžืขืจืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ื‘ื™ืฉืจืืœ ืขืœ ืื’ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืงืžืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ืœื”ืชืืจื’ืŸ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ืคืŸ ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื–ื ืชื, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืžืงื•ืจ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ. ืžืขืจื›ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœืกืคืง ืœืื’ืฃ ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ื•ืœื›ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืœื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื’ื™ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื—ื•ืฅ ืœื”ื; ื›ืœื™ ื–ื” ื™ืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื•ืœืžืชื’ื™ื™ืจื™ื ืขืฆืžื. ืงื™ื™ื ื—ืฉืฉ ื›ื™ ื‘ืฉืœ ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื ื“ื—ื™ื ื’ื ื ืชื™ื ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื–ืจื™ื, ื•ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืขื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ ืื• ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ื ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื›ื ื•ืช ื›ื•ื•ื ืชื ืฉืœ ืืœื” ืœื”ืชื’ื™ื™ืจ ื•ื”ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ืงืฉืชื ืื™ื ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชืช-ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ืื• ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”, ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืงืฉืชื ื ื“ื—ื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืกืฃ. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื:
ืชื ืื™ ื”ืกืฃ ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื—ืจื™ื’ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ- ืขืœ ื“ืขืช ืฉืจ ื”ืคื ื™ื, ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื•ื”ืจื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื™ - ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื”ื’ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื“ื™ื ืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ. ื ื•ื›ื— ื–ืืช ื‘ื—ืจ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ืœื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื‘ื™ืขื•ืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ. ืขื ื–ืืช, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืฆื ืœื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ืขืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืฉืœืคื™ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื ืื™ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื™ื“ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื’ื™ื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ืŸ ื–ืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืžืขืžื“ ืืจืขื™ (ื/5 ) ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื”, ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื™ืฉืจืืœ, ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืืœื” ืฉืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื ืฉื ืืš ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื”ืœื›ื” ื”ื™ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช. ื–ืืช ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉื•ื‘ ื•ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœืขืจื•ืš ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืœื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”.
771
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” - ืคื’ืžื™ื ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืœืื•ืžื™ืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื“ืœืขื™ืœ, ืฉืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื™ื–ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจืืฉ ืื›"ื ืžืžืื™ 2011 ืœื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ืžื˜ื” (ืœ ื”ืœืŸ - ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื”), ืฉืชื›ืœื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ ืฆื”"ืœ. ื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืื•ืฉืจื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืจืืฉ ืื›"ื ื‘ืจืืฉื™ืช 2012 .ื•ื”ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืืช ืคืจื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืžืœืžื“ ื›ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ืคื•ืขืœ ื ืžืจืฆื•ืช ืœืงื“ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื” ืœืฉื™ืจื• ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื•ืœืคื™ืงื•ื“ ื•ืžื ืกื” ืœืžืฆื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”ื. ื”ืกืงื™ืจื” ืฉืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ื’ื“ืจ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื˜ื” ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012 ., ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืฆื”"ืœ ืขื“ ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012 ื”ื™ื” ื”ืžื“ื•ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ืงืžื” (ื ื‘ื—ืจื• ืžืคืงื“ืช ื•ืงืฆื™ื ื™ื). ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ื”ืงืžืช ื’ื•ืฃ ืžื˜ื” ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ืฉืœ ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ื™ืจ, ืืฉืจ ื™ืชื›ืœืœ ืืช ื›ืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ื ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืฆืื™ ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ืขืฉื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืžืฉ ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ืจืฉืช ื’ื ืžืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.
ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืฆื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืงืœื™ื˜ื” ืœื ืžื™ืœื ื›ื™ืื•ืช ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ืžืชื›ืœืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืฉ, ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืชื›ื ื™ืช ืชืฉืžืฉ ืžื ื•ืฃ ืœืชื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ืืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ื™ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ืงืฆื• ื‘ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช, ื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืžืงื‘ืฅ ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืกืฃ.
772
ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื•ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื•ืช . ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ 3. ืขื•ื“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื‘ืข ืžื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืฉื™ืžืฉื• ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžืžื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™: ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืชืื’ื™ื“, ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืื• ื™ื•"ืจ ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช - ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื›ืš ืขืœ ืคื™ ื—ื•ืง ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช. 3. ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื›ื™ ื‘ื›-21% ืžื”ืชืื’ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžื ื›"ืœ ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ืื• ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ืื•ืชื”. ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืœื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืžื ื›"ืœ ื•ืœืคื’ื•ืข ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื•ืขืฆื” ื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืชื” ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ื” ื™ืจื•ืง ืข"ืฉ ืœื•ื™ ืืฉื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืข"ืž (ืœื”ืœืŸ - ื—ื‘ืจืช ื”ื›ืคืจ ื”ื™ืจื•ืง) ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2009 -2010 80 ืฉืขื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื ื” - ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ื›-4% ืžืฉืจื”, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืจืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื“ืงื” ืื ื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืงืฆื• ืœืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ ืžืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ื• ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ืื ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื”ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช67 . ื™ื•ืฆื ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื ื”ืคื™ืงื” ืชื•ืขืœืช ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืžื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ืชืคืงื•ื“ืŸ.
773
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืกื“ืจื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช .ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ - ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช - ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช - ืœื ื ืขื–ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืฆื‘ืจ ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืฆ"ื• ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืคืงืช ืœืงื—ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื ื™ืฆื•ืœื ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื™ื” ื–ื•. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืœื ืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืคื’ืฉ ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ืœื ื’ื•ื‘ืฉื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื˜ืขืžื• ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ -ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“-ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื—ื“ -ื”ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืชืž"ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื“ ืœื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ืœืื•ืžื™ ืขื•ืกืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื, ืžืŸ ื”ืจืื•ื™ ืฉืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื•ืคื™ื ื™ื‘ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ืืช ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื ื•ื™ื’ื‘ืฉื• ื”ืกื“ืจื™ื ืฉื™ืžื ืขื• ืกืจื‘ื•ืœ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื, ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืš ืœืื–ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื’ืช ื™ืขื“ื™ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืœืื–ืจื— ืœืž ื–ืขื•ืจ ื”ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื•.
774
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืกื‘ื•ืจ ื›ื™ ืขื™ื’ื•ืŸ ืžืขืžื“ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื ื•ืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ื‘ื“ื•ืžื” ืœื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืžื”, ื™ืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ื ื•ืฉื ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืฉืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื (ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ื ืคืฉ, ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื, ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”) ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืชืจื•ื ืžื™ื“ื™ืขื•ืชื™ื”ื, ืžื ื™ืกื™ื•ื ื ื•ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžื‘ื˜ื ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื. ื™ืชืจื” ืžื›ืš, ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ, ืื™ -ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืžืขืžื“ืŸ ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืขืœื•ืœื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื ื’ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ืงื™ืงื”, ืœืžืฉืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœ ื›ืคื™ืคื•ืช ืขื•"ืก ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ืœืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื” ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื”. ืืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื•ืชืงื ื•ืŸ - ืื ืœื“ืขืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžื•ื ืข ืืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืจืื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืฆื•ื•ืช ืจื‘-ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืœื“ ื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืจืื•ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ืžื›ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื™ืชืŸ ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ืœืกื•ื’ื™ื”, ืืš ื”ื•ื ืœื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช. ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ืžืฆืื” ื›ื™ ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช, ืœื ืขื•ื“ื›ื ื” ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชืข"ืก ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืจืžื”, ื•ื›ืš ืžืฉื ืช 2008 ืงื™ื™ื ืคืขืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืกื“ืจื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื•ืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ. ื›ืš ืœืžืฉืœ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืืช ื”ืชืข"ืก ื›ื•ืœืœืช ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืืœื”: ื—ื•ื‘ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ืœืฉืชืฃ ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื”; ื—ื•ื‘ืชื” ืœืžืกื•ืจ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื ืืช ืชื™ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืชื™ื”; ื–ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื ืฆื™ื’ ืžื˜ืขืžื; ื–ื›ื•ืชื ืœื”ืฆื™ืข ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื—ืœื•ืคื™ืช; ื”ืกื“ืจืช ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื; ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ ืขืจืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื›ื™ ืขื•"ืก ืจืืฉื™ืช ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ื™ื ืืžื ื ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืกื•ืฆื™ืืœื™ื™ื ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ, ืืš ืฉื™ืงื•ืœ ื“ืขืชื• ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•"ืก ืœื—ื•ืง ื”ื ื•ืขืจ ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™, ื ื•ืชืจ ืขืฆืžืื™ ื•ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืžืฉื•ื ืฉื‘ืžืกื™ืจืช ื—ื•ื•ืช ื“ืขืชื• ืœื‘ื™ืช ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืชืกืงื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื” ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื ื™ ื ืคืฉื•ืช.
775
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื•ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ . ืืกื“ืจืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืจื•ื›ืฉืช ืžื’ื•ืจืžื™ ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื™ื ื• ืž ืคืงื— ืขืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ ืฉื‘ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ืช ื“ื™ื” - ืื™ืŸ ื•ื“ืื•ืช ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื ื‘ื“ืงื•ืช ืžืคืขื ืœืคืขื, ืื™ืŸ ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื’ื ืื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ืฆืจื™ ื”ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื›ื›ืœื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช. ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ืœื›ืื•ืจื” ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืงื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื ืข ืžื’ื•ืจื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ -ืจืื•ื™ ืื• ื‘ืœืชื™ -ื›ืฉื™ืจ, ืœืจื›ื•ืฉ ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืื’ื™ื“ ืฉืžืคืขื™ืœ ืžืกื’ืจืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœื” ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ืืช ื‘ืœื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชื ื’ื“ ืœื›ืš. ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืกื›ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ืขื ื”ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื“ืขืช ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ื™ื” ื–ื•, ื•ืงื•ื‘ืขื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจื” ืฉืœ 25% ืžืŸ ื”ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืœืชืื’ื™ื“ ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ืชื™ื—ืฉื‘ ื›ื”ืกื‘ืช ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืฉืœื‘ ืกืขื™ืฃ ื›ื–ื” ื‘ื”ืกื› ืžื™ ื”ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืฉืœื•. ื›ื›ืœืœ, ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืคืขื•ืœื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ืœื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื•ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืงื“ื ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื–ื” (ืจืื• ืœื”ืœืŸ ื‘ื ื•ืฉื "ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืžืฉืจื“ื™ืช").
ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ื™ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืจื•ื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืชื—ืœื•ืคืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืจ, ื•ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœื™ ื‘ืงืจื” ื—ื™ื•ื ื™.
776
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ื ื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจืš ื”ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ืชืงื ื•ื ื™ื”ืŸ. ื‘ื—ืœื•ืฃ ื›ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืžืื– ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ืžื‘ื ื™ ืœืชื•ืงืคื• ืจ ืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื™ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืคืขืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื• ืขืœ ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื•ื‘ื”ืชืื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื™ืคื™ืงื• ืœืงื—ื™ื. ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื›ืœืœ ืขื•"ื” ืœืคื™ ื”ืคืจืฉื” ืฉืœ 8.4% ืžืฉื›ืจ ืขื•"ื” ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื”, ื‘ืขืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉืžืคืจื™ืฉื•ืช ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืจืง 7.5% ืžื”ืฉื›ืจ ื ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ืฉืœ 0.9% .ืžืกืš ืฉื›ืจื ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื” ืืœื”
ืžื‘ื“ื™ืงืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื•ืœื” 23 ืฉืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ื‘ืคื‘ืจื•ืืจ 2011 ื•ืขื“ ื™ื•ื ื™ 2012 ื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš 2,739 ืขื•"ื”. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื”24, ืœ - 1,317 ืžื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช. ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื›"ืœ ืฉืœื ื™ื—ืœ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื• ื‘ื˜ืจื ื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืœืงืจืŸ ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช, ื›ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื” ( 48% ) ืฉื ืงืœื˜ื• ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื ืฆื•ืจืคื• ืœืงืจื ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืœืžื•ืช.
777
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืžืขืจื›ืช ืœืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื“ื-ืืงื“ืžื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ืขื•ื“ ื‘ื˜ืจื ืคื•ืชื—ื• ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื•ื‘ื™ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื•ืช. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื›ืœื• ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืžื”ืŸ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืงื‘ื™ืขืช ื–ื›ืื•ืช ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ืŸ ืœืžืœื’ื•ืช ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ืžืœื’ื•ืช ืงื™ื•ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœื”ืงืœื“ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื”. ืžื”ืžืชื•ืืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื ืžืฆืื• ื›ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ืฉื ื” ืœืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื–. ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ื•ืคืขืœื” ืขื•ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื• ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื’ื“ืจื• ื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื›ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื—ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื“ืจืฉื• ืœืžืžืŸ ื‘ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืœืคืจืง ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื. ื’ื ืœืื—ืจ ืคืจืง ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืืžื•ืจ, ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื, ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ืืœืฆื• ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืฆื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ, ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื ื•ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื”ืงืœื“ื” ื›ืคื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื•ื”ื›ื ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฆื™ ืืงืกืœ ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืœืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืœืงืจืŸ. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื” ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”, ื•ืืฃ ืฉื”ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื•ืขื“ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืกืชื™ื™ื, ื˜ืจื ื”ื•ืฉืœื ืคื™ืชื•ื—ื ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืžืžืฉืงื™ื, ื•ืœื ื ืงื‘ืข ืžื•ืขื“ ืœื”ืฉืœืžืชื, ืืฃ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื–ื• ืื—ืช ื”ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืžื›ืจื–.
.ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืฉื‘ืžื›ืจื– ื ืงื‘ืข ืฉื™ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื—ืœื•ืคื•ืช - ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ื‘ื™ื ืŸ ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” - ื”ืจื™ ืฉืž"ืž ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื ืœืคืชื— ืžืžืฉืงื™ื ืขื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื•ืฉื›ืœ ื”ืžื›ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื—ื•ื™ื‘ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉื”.
778
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ื‘ื—ื•ื–ืจ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ืœื ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืžืคื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื• ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ืœืžืขื˜ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื’ื—ื” ืขืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืจืื” ื•ื‘ืื ืฉื™ ืฆื•ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืื™ื ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืจื• ืืช ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช, ื•ื™ื‘ื•ืกืกื• ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ. ืื ื ื“ืจืฉ ืœื™ื–ื•ื ื—ืงื™ืงื” ืื• ื—ืงื™ืงืช ืžืฉื ื”, ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ื”ืงื“ื. ื ืžืฆื ืฉื•ื•ืขื“ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืœื™ ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืงื‘ืข ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ื” ื•ืืช ืกืžื›ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”, ืืช ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœืชื”, ืืช ืืžื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ื” ืœืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืชื™ื” ื•ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื‘ื” ืœื ืžืงืŸ ื•ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ืœืชืขื“ืŸ.
ืคืขื•ืœืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœืœื™ ื˜ื•ื”ืจ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืชืช ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื• ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื—ืฉื“ ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ืจืื” ืขื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ื, ื’ื ืื ืื™ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœืคืขื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื•ืœื ื‘ื“ื™ืŸ; ืขืœื™ื• ืœืขื’ืŸ ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ื›ืืœื” ื•ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ืžื™ื”ื ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืžื›ื™ื ืœื ืงื•ื˜ ืื•ืชื. ืืช ื›ืœ
779
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™ ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ 2011 ืœื ื”ื‘ืฉื™ืœื• ืœื›ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฉื•ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“ ืฉืงื‘ืข - ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืชื "ืš ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช - ื•ืœืคืขื•ืœ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ืžืŸ. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืช ืฉืข"ื’ ืื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ื™ืขื“ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืกืคืจื•ืช ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช.
. ืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’ ืื ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื ืงื˜ ื›ืืžื•ืจ ืžืฉื™ื’ื•ืช ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชืŸ ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื‘ืจืžื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช. ืื ื™ืชื‘ืจืจ ื›ื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื”ืฉื™ื’ื• ืืช ืžื˜ืจืชืŸ, ืžื•ื˜ืœ ืขืœื™ื• ืœื’ื‘ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื—ืจื•ืช ืœืฉื ื”ืฉื’ืช ื”ื™ืขื“.
780
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฆืจื›ื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืžื’ื‘ืœื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ืื• ื‘ื›ืชื‘ ื”ืžื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืžืกืชืžื ื™ื ืžื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืฉื™ืชืขื•ืจืจ ืฆื•ืจืš ื‘ืชื•ืกืคืช ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœืฉื ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื - ืžืขื•ืจืจื™ื ืกืคืง ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืœืœื ืชื•ืกืคืช ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื•ื•ืขื“ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื’ื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืฆืžื• ืžื˜ื™ืœ ืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื•ืขื“ืช ื“ื•ืจื ืจ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ืกื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืขืœืชื” ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ืื•ืœื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ืœื•ื‘ื ื”. ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื‘ื ื‘ื ื™ ืกื•ื™, ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืงื™ื™ื. ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืื•ื’ื•ืกื˜ 2012 ืื™ืฉืจ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ืชืงืฆื•ื‘ ื”ืกืœื™ื ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื, ื•ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ื ืžืกืจื” ืœืขื™ืจื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ืœื•ืŸ. ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ืืช ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉืชืชืคื• ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ื ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžืœื ืขืœ ืกืš ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ื”ืื™ืฉื™ ืฉืื•ืฉืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื”ื ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœืคื ื™ ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืข"ื’, ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžื™ื ืืฃ ืœืื—ืจ ืคืชื™ื—ืช ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื. ืจืง ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื ื“ืจืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉื‘ื” ื™ืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื - ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“, ื›ื™ืชื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ืื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื” ืจื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ. ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืชืงื‘ืœื• ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจ ื”ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ ืœืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžืกื’ืจืช ืœืžืกื’ืจืช, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ. ื’ื ืžื ื”ืœื™ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ื”ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืขืช ืžื™ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืฆืœื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืขืจืš ืœื›ืš.
ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืžืฉื ืช 2006, ื›-8% ืžื›ืœืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื ื–ืงืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ืงืฆืื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช; ื•ืื•ืœื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืงื‘ืข ื›ื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ื™ื™ื ืชื ื• ืœืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื”ื™ืงืฃ ืฉื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืžื•ืš ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ื‘ื› -6% ืžืŸ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืชืงื•ืคื” - ื‘ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืก"ื•, ืฆืžืฆื ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืืช ืžื›ืกืช ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื”ื–ื›ืื™ื ืœืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฆืื” ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉืžื•ืกื“ ื–ื›ืื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ืจืง ืขื‘ื•ืจ 5.4% ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื• ื•ืœื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืš, ืขืœ ืคื™ 1.85 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืœืชืœืžื™ื“.
781
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืœืงื•ื™ื™ ืœืžื™ื“ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื’ืจื•ืช .ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ื”ืขืœืชื” ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ ื‘ ื•ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื•ื›ืŸ ื‘ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ ื”ื™ื” ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื™ืชืจ ืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืื•ืฉืจื” ืœื”ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืื—ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ; ื•ืื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื”ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืจืฉืžื™ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืชืช-ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’. ืขืœ ืคื™ ืชืจืฉื™ื 2 ., ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ืช ืขืœื• ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืžืขืœื” ืืคื•ื ืฉืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ืฉืœืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื ืื•ืฉืจื• ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื’ื“ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื ื™ื›ืจืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืฉ ืฉื ื™ื. ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื™ื‘ื—ืŸ ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื›ืš, ื™ืกื™ืง ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ื™ื™ื–ื•ื ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื™ื“ืจืฉ ืœืคื™ ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ื•. ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉ ืื•ืฉืจื• ืœื”ื ื”ืชืืžื•ืช, ื•ืœื ื•ื›ื— ื”ืคืขืจื™ื ื”ื ื™ื›ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื”ืชืืžื•ืช ื”ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจื™ื, ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื•ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
.ืขืœ ืคื™ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืชืฉืข"ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื˜ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ, ืื™ืฉืจ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื›-34% ืžื”ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ( 86,072 ืž- 255,108.) ื”ืฉื•ื•ืืช ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื” ืืœื” ืœืžืžืฆืื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช ืžืขืœื” ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื ื™ื 2006 ืœ- 2011 ื—ืœ ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืื™ืฉืจ ืœื”ื ื”ืชืืžื” ืื—ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช.
782
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื“ื ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื” ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืฉืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” - ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืœื”ื•ืจืื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื ืชื, ืžื™ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฆื ืื™ื ื ืžื•ื‘ึฐื ื™ื ื“ื™ื™ื ื•ืื™ื ื ื ืขืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืกื“ื•ืจ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ. ืขืœ ืกืžื ื›"ืœ ื›ื"ื‘ ืœืงื‘ื•ืข ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื•ืœืžื™ื•ื ื. ืขื•ืœื” ืืคื•ื ื›ื™ ืขืœ ืคื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืขืจื‘ื™, ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืื ื™ืฉื ื ืขื•"ื” ืฉืฉื•ื‘ืฆื• ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช "ืžืฉื›ื™ืช ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ" ื‘ืœื‘ื“ - ื“ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื™ ืœืงื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืœื™ืš ืฉื ืงื‘ืข ืœืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืขื•"ื” ื‘ื ื•ื”ืœ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื. ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื ื”ืœ ื”ืื’ืฃ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืชื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืขืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ื ื”ืœืช ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ื›ื™ ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ืžื˜ื” ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื›ืœื™ื ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™ื™ื ืžืกืคืงื™ื ืœืฉื ื‘ืงืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืœื™ื›ื™ ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืฅ ืฉืœ ืขื•"ื” ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื™ื.
ืžื”ืชืจืฉื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™68% ืžืขื•"ื” ืฉืœื™ืžื“ื• ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืžืœื›ืชื™-ื“ืชื™ ื”ืขืœ-ื™ืกื•ื“ื™ ืืฃ ืฉืžืงืฆื•ืข ื”ื›ืฉืจืชื ืœื ืชืื ืœื›ืš, ื”ื•ื›ืฉืจื• ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื™ื”ื“ื•ืช.
783
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ืžืงื•ืžื” ื•ืชืคืงื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื” ื‘ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ืื‘ืœ ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืœื”ืŸ ื ืžื•ื›ื” - ื—ืœืงืŸ ืœื ืžื™ื•ืฉื ื›ืœืœ ื•ืื—ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื•ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ืœืงื™. ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื ืจืžืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ื ืžื•ื›ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“. ืœื”ืœืŸ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื: ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื•ื—ื•ืฃ ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื›-20% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ; ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืžืจื›ื– ื•ื“ืจื•ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื› -10% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ. ืืฉืจ ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืžื™ืขื•ื˜ื™ื, ื‘ื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื—ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘-60% ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช. ื–ืืช ื•ืขื•ื“, ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื• ืคื•ืจื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช, ื”ืŸ ืขืฉื• ื–ืืช ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืžื•ื›ื” ืžื”ื ื“ืจืฉ - ืคืขื ืื—ืช ืื• ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ื“ืจื•ื - ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช (88% ); ื‘ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฃ ื•ืžืจื›ื–- ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ( 57% ื•-59% , ื‘ื”ืชืืžื”); ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืฆืคื•ืŸ - ื‘-45% ; ื•ื‘ืžื—ื•ื– ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ - ื‘-40% ืžื”ืŸ. ืžืกื™ื›ื•ื ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืขืฉื” ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขืœื” ืฉื‘ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉืœื™ืฉ (28% ) ืžื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื‘ื—ืžืฉืช ื”ืžื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉื ื‘ื“ืงื• ืงื™ื™ืžื• ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืืช ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืคืขืžื™ื ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉืงื™ื•ื ืคื•ืจื•ื ืื›ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช, ื‘ืžืชื›ื•ื ืช ื•ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื•, ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืจื›ื–ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื”, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืžืžืฉ ืœื”ืฆืคืช ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช, ืœื”ืกืจืช ื—ืกืžื™ื ื•ืœืžืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœื™ื‘ื”. ืœื›ืŸ, ืขืœ ื”ืชื—ื ื•ืช ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืขืœ ืงื™ื•ืžื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืจื•ื ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ื›ื ื“ืจืฉ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฆื•ืฃ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ื•ืชืŸ.
784
ืžืฉื˜ืจืช ื™ืฉืจืืœ . ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื‘ืื™ืชื•ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ื‘ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื - ืžืžืฆืื™ ืžืขืงื‘ ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขื™ืจ ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืฉืื›ืŸ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื”, ืื™ืŸ ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ืงื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืงืฉ ืžืœื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ื”ื—ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืจืื•ื™ ืฉื™ื—ื•ืœื• ืขืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื. ื•ืื•ืœื ืืฃ ื›ื™ ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื ืงื‘ืขื• ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื, ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืกืจื” ื”ืกื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื•, ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื“ืื’ื” ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืกื“ื™ืจื, ื•ื‘ื”ื ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื•ืžื” ื™ื™ื›ืœ ืœ ื‘ื• ื•ื›ืœืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ืœื ื™ื”ื•ืœื• ื•ืœืชื—ื–ื•ืงืชื•. ืœืคื™ื›ืš ืจืื•ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืชืกื“ื™ืจ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืืœื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื ื”ืœื™ื, ื•ืชืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื. (ื’) ื‘ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ืชืงื ื•ืช ืื• ื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืคื•ืจื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืžืงื•ื ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื›ืœืœื™ื ืฉื ืงื‘ืขื• ื‘ืชืงื ื•ืช ื”ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืคืœื™ืœื™ ื™ื ื—ื•, ื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื, ื’ื ืืช ื ื™ื”ื•ืœ ืžืื’ืจ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื. .)(ื‘ ืœื’ื‘ื™ 58 ( ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื3 ืชื™ืงื™ ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ื•-55 )ืชื™ืงื™ ืืœืžื•ื ื™ื- ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืžืื™ 2010 , ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืžืชื—ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื” 54 ืžื”ื, ื•ืืฃ ื—ื–ืจื” ื•ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011 , ื›ืฉื ื” ื•ื—ืฆื™ ืœืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื”50 ืžื”ื. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืคื ื™ื™ื” (ื‘ืžืจืฅ 2011 ) ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืชื” ืžืžืื™ 2010 , ื•ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืœื” ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื ื›ืœืœื• ื‘ื‘ืงืฉืชื” ื–ื•. ื•ืื•ืœื ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžืขืงื‘, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉื” ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืœืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื, ื”ื™ื ืœื ืงื™ื‘ืœื” ืื•ืชื ื•ืžืžื™ืœื ื˜ืจื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืœื‘ืจืจ ืžื” ืขืœื” ื‘ื’ื•ืจืœื ื•ื’ื ืœื ืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืื ื™ืžื•ื ื” ืงืฆื™ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
ืžื”ืคื™ืจื•ื˜ ื”ืžืฆื•ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื•ืœื” ืฉ -13 ืž-157 ืชื™ืงื™ื ืืœื” ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืชื™ื™ืจื™ื ื”ื ืขื“ืจื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื ืช 1988 ื•ืืฃ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืŸ (ืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื”ื•ื ืฉื ืช 1951 ); ืฉื ื™ ืชื™ืงื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื–ืจื™ื ืฉื ืขื“ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื ื™ื 2011 ื•- 2012 ื•ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื ื ืœืื™ื ื˜ืจืคื•ืœ; ื•ืชื™ืง ืื—ื“ ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื ืขื“ืจ ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ ื‘ื—ื•"ืœ. ืืฉืจ ืœ -141 (63% ) ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื - ืœืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื™ื™ื ืžื”ื ืฉื ืคืชื—ื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2011 ื•- 2012 , ื ืคืชื—ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืชื™ืงื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ื 2001 -2009 , ื•ืืฃ ืขื‘ืจื• ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื ื™ื ืžืžื•ืขื“ ื”ื”ื™ืขื“ืจื•ืช, ืขื•ื“ ืžืฉื ื•ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื•ืขื“ ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชืฉืขื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืขืฉืจื™ื, ื•ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื ื•ืงืฃ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื•ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืื™ื ื” ืคื•ื ื” ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ืืžืฆืขื™ ื–ื™ื”ื•ื™, ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืœืืชืจ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจืš ื“ื’ื™ืžืช DNA .ื”ื•ืœืš ื•ืงื˜ืŸ
785
ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” . ืžื ื™ืขืช ื“ืœืงื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ืงื•ืžื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืขืกืง ื•ื‘ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืชื—ืงื™ืจื™ ื”ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉื™ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื˜ื™ ื—ื•ืช ืืฉ. ื‘ื—ืœืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื”ืขืจื™ื ื‘ืืจืฅ ืคื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœืคื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื ื‘ื ื• ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” -60 ื•ื”-70 ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”ืงื•ื“ืžืช. ื‘ื—ืœืงื ืžืชื’ื•ืจืจื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื•ืช ื ื–ืงืงื•ืช ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืœืžืžืŸ ืืช ืฉื“ืจื•ื’ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืืฉ ืฉื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื”ืŸ. ืœื“ืขืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืžื‘ืงืจ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”, ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืฉ ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ืฉืื™ืŸ ื‘ื”ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ54 , ืžื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉืจื“ ืœื‘ื˜"ืค, ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื”, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื•ื ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ ื”ืืฉ. ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ืจื” ืžืงื™ืคื” (ืจืื” ืœื”ืœืŸ), ื”ืฉืชืœื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื™ื“ื•ื“ ืจื›ืฉ ื•ื”ืชืงื ื” ืฉืœ ื’ืœืื™ ืขืฉืŸ ื•ื›ื™ื•"ื‘. .ืžื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืœืจื•ื‘ื ื”ืžื•ื—ืœื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ ื”ืงื•ืžื•ืช ืœื ื ื•ื”ืœื• ื›ืœืœ ืชื™ืงื™ ืžื ื™ืขื” ื‘ืžื“ื•ืจ ืžื "ื“. ืžื›ืืŸ ืฉืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืฆื•ื™ื ื• ืœืขื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืžืฆื‘ื ื•ืชืงื™ื ื•ืชื ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื”ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื”ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ืฉื‘ืชื—ื•ืžื. ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืจืฉื•ืช ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ืฉืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ื‘ื˜ื‘ืœื” ืœืขื™ืœ ืœื ืง ื™ื™ืžื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื‘ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืจื›ื•ืฉ ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืืœื• (ืœืžืขื˜ ืชืœ ืื‘ื™ื‘ ืฉืขืจื›ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011 ), ืืฃ ืขืœ ืคื™ ืฉื”ืกืžื›ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื ืชื•ื ื” ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื”. ื—ืœืง ืžืžื“ื•ืจื™ ืžื ื™ืขืช ื“ืœืงื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื•, ื›ื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืœื›ืš ื”ืŸ ื”ื™ืขื“ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ืกื™ื“ื•ืจื™ ื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื ืื•ืชื™ื ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื›ืืœื• ื•ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื— ืื“ื.
. ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื” ื›ื™ ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื™ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืกื“ืจืช ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื–ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืฆื™ืœื•ืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ื“ื•ื’ืžืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืœื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ, ืœื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื‘ืช ื›ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืขืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื”ืืจืฆื™ืช ืœื›ื‘ืื•ืช ื•ื”ืฆืœื” ื•ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ืคื ื™ื ืœืœื‘ืŸ ืžื—ืœื•ืงืช ื–ื• ืœืืœืชืจ, ื•ืื ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ืขืœื” ื‘ื™ื“ื, ืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืฉืชืฃ ื‘ื›ืš ืืช ืžืฉืจื“ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ืืช ื”ื™ื•ืขืฅ ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ ืœืžืžืฉืœื”.
786
ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช . ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช-ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช, ืืกื“ืจื” ื•ื›ืœื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื— ืžื”ืืžื•ืจ ืœืขื™ืœ ืขื•ืœื”, ื›ื™ ื ื•ืฆืจืช ืจื™ื›ื•ื–ื™ื•ืช ื™ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ืœื›ืœ ืงื•ืคื•ืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืคื ื•ืช ืžื‘ื•ื˜ื—ื™ื ืœืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืฉื™ืจื• ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ืชื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื‘"ืŸ ืฉืœื”ืŸ, ื›ืืžื•ืจ, ื•ืœืฉืœื•ืฉ ืงื•ืคื•ืช - ื›ืœืœื™ืช, ืžื›ื‘ื™ ื•ืžืื•ื—ื“ืช - ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื‘ืขืœื•ืชืŸ ืขืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื™ื. ื‘ืžื•ืขื“ ืกื™ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืช ื ืžืฆื ื›ื™ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื‘ื™ืฆืข ืฉื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ื•ื‘ืงืจื” ืฉื™ื˜ืชื™ืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ื ื• ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื-ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื.
ื•ืื•ืœื ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ืคืจืกื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืขื–ื™ื‘ืช ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืืช ื‘ืชื™ ื”ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื™ื-ืขื™ืจื•ื ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉืœ ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื‘ืฉืขื•ืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืžืงื•ื‘ืœื•ืช, ื•ืขืœ ืืฃ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื‘ืžื›ืชื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื  ื”ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ ืืกืฃ ื”ืจื•ืคื, ืœื ืคืขืœ ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื‘ื™ืจื•ืจ ื”ื™ืงืฃ ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ืืžื•ืจื”.
787