Hessa/tqa-multimodalContext · Datasets at Hugging Face

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L_0321	surface features of the sun	T_1742	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21146.png
L_0321	surface features of the sun	T_1742	FIGURE 1.2 Magnetic activity leads up to a small solar flare.	image	textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21147.png
L_0321	surface features of the sun	T_1743	FIGURE 1.3 A solar prominence.	image	textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21148.png
L_0323	sustainable development	T_1750	FIGURE 1.1 One of the most important steps to achieving a more sustainable future is to reduce human population growth. This has been happening in recent years. Studies have shown that the birth rate decreases as women become educated, because educated women tend to have fewer, and healthier, children.	image	textbook_images/sustainable_development_21152.png
L_0326	testing hypotheses	T_1758	FIGURE 1.1 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/185963	image	textbook_images/testing_hypotheses_21155.png
L_0329	thermosphere and beyond	T_1769	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/thermosphere_and_beyond_21156.png
L_0331	tides	T_1779	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/tides_21162.png
L_0331	tides	T_1781	FIGURE 1.2	image	textbook_images/tides_21163.png
L_0331	tides	T_1781	FIGURE 1.3 A spring tide occurs when the gravita- tional pull of both Moon and the Sun is in the same direction, making high tides higher and low tides lower and creating a large tidal range.	image	textbook_images/tides_21164.png
L_0331	tides	T_1781	FIGURE 1.4 A neap tide occurs when the high tide of the Sun adds to the low tide of the Moon and vice versa, so the tidal range is relatively small.	image	textbook_images/tides_21165.png
L_0334	tree rings ice cores and varves	T_1789	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21172.png
L_0334	tree rings ice cores and varves	T_1790	FIGURE 1.2 Ice core section showing annual layers.	image	textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21173.png
L_0334	tree rings ice cores and varves	T_1791	FIGURE 1.3 Ancient varve sediments in a rock out- crop.	image	textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21174.png
L_0335	troposphere	T_1793	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/troposphere_21175.png
L_0337	types of air pollution	T_1798	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21176.png
L_0337	types of air pollution	T_1798	FIGURE 1.2 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mostly hydrocarbons. Important VOCs include methane (a naturally occurring greenhouse gas that is increasing because of human activities), chlorofluorocarbons (human-made compounds that are being phased out because of their effect on the ozone layer), and dioxin (a byproduct of chemical production that serves no useful purpose, but is harmful to humans and other organisms).	image	textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21177.png
L_0337	types of air pollution	T_1799	FIGURE 1.3	image	textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21178.png
L_0338	types of fossilization	T_1802	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/types_of_fossilization_21179.png
L_0338	types of fossilization	T_1802	FIGURE 1.2 Trilobite.	image	textbook_images/types_of_fossilization_21180.png
L_0342	universe	T_1826	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/universe_21198.png
L_0343	uranus	T_1830	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/uranus_21199.png
L_0343	uranus	T_1830	FIGURE 1.2	image	textbook_images/uranus_21200.png
L_0344	uses of water	T_1833	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/uses_of_water_21201.png
L_0344	uses of water	T_1836	FIGURE 1.2 Drip irrigation delivers water to the base of each plant so little is lost to evaporation and runoff.	image	textbook_images/uses_of_water_21202.png
L_0344	uses of water	T_1837	FIGURE 1.3	image	textbook_images/uses_of_water_21203.png
L_0344	uses of water	T_1838	FIGURE 1.4	image	textbook_images/uses_of_water_21204.png
L_0344	uses of water	T_1842	FIGURE 1.5 Wetlands and other environments depend on clean water to survive.	image	textbook_images/uses_of_water_21205.png
L_0345	venus	T_1844	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/venus_21206.png
L_0345	venus	T_1845	FIGURE 1.2 with a bit of sulfur dioxide. They also contain corrosive sulfuric acid. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, the atmosphere traps heat from the Sun and creates a powerful greenhouse effect. Even though Venus is further from the Sun than Mercury, the greenhouse effect makes Venus the hottest planet. Temperatures at the surface reach 465 C (860 F). Thats hot enough to melt lead.	image	textbook_images/venus_21207.png
L_0345	venus	T_1846	FIGURE 1.3 Orbiting spacecraft have used radar to reveal mountains, valleys, and canyons. Most of the surface has large areas of volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava. In fact, Venus has many more volcanoes than any other planet in the solar system, and some of those volcanoes are very large.	image	textbook_images/venus_21208.png
L_0345	venus	T_1846	FIGURE 1.4	image	textbook_images/venus_21209.png
L_0350	water distribution	T_1868	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/water_distribution_21225.png
L_0350	water distribution	T_1869	FIGURE 1.2	image	textbook_images/water_distribution_21226.png
L_0350	water distribution	T_1872	FIGURE 1.3	image	textbook_images/water_distribution_21227.png
L_0351	water pollution	T_1874	FIGURE 1.1 Municipal and agricultural pollution.	image	textbook_images/water_pollution_21228.png
L_0351	water pollution	T_1876	FIGURE 1.2 Industrial Waste Water: Polluted water coming from a factory in Mexico. The different colors of foam indicate various chemicals in the water and industrial pol- lution.	image	textbook_images/water_pollution_21229.png
L_0351	water pollution	T_1876	FIGURE 1.3	image	textbook_images/water_pollution_21230.png
L_0355	weathering and erosion	T_1886	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/weathering_and_erosion_21242.png
L_0356	wegener and the continental drift hypothesis	T_1888	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21243.png
L_0356	wegener and the continental drift hypothesis	T_1888	FIGURE 1.2	image	textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21244.png
L_0356	wegener and the continental drift hypothesis	T_1889	FIGURE 1.3 Thermal convection occurs as hot rock in the deep mantle rises towards the Earths surface. This rock then spreads out and cools, sinking back towards the core, where it can be heated again. This circulation of rock through the mantle cre- ates convection cells.	image	textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21245.png
L_0358	wind waves	T_1895	FIGURE 1.1	image	textbook_images/wind_waves_21248.png
L_0362	the microscope	T_1911	FIGURE 1.10 The head of ant as seen with an electron microscope	image	textbook_images/the_microscope_21258.png
L_0362	the microscope	T_1914	FIGURE 1.11 Cells in cork	image	textbook_images/the_microscope_21259.png
L_0362	the microscope	T_1915	FIGURE 1.12 Van Leeuwenhoeks drawings of animal- cules as they appeared under his micro- scope	image	textbook_images/the_microscope_21260.png
L_0370	flatworms and roundworms	T_1997	FIGURE 12.12 Tapeworm life cycle.	image	textbook_images/flatworms_and_roundworms_21316.png
L_0370	flatworms and roundworms	T_1997	FIGURE 12.13 This roundworm named ascaris is the largest and most common parasitic worm in humans.	image	textbook_images/flatworms_and_roundworms_21317.png
L_0370	flatworms and roundworms	T_2000	FIGURE 12.14 Hooks on the mouth end of a hookworm	image	textbook_images/flatworms_and_roundworms_21318.png
L_0371	mollusks and annelids	T_2002	FIGURE 12.15 Example of a mollusk: clam	image	textbook_images/mollusks_and_annelids_21319.png
L_0371	mollusks and annelids	T_2002	FIGURE 12.16 Garden snail	image	textbook_images/mollusks_and_annelids_21320.png
L_0371	mollusks and annelids	T_2002	FIGURE 12.17 Radula of a sea slug	image	textbook_images/mollusks_and_annelids_21321.png
L_0371	mollusks and annelids	T_2006	FIGURE 12.18 Segmented earthworm	image	textbook_images/mollusks_and_annelids_21322.png
L_0371	mollusks and annelids	T_2009	FIGURE 12.19 Polychaete worm: feather duster	image	textbook_images/mollusks_and_annelids_21323.png
L_0374	introduction to vertebrates	T_2028	FIGURE 13.1 Examples of Vertebrates: (left to right) Fish, Amphibian, Reptile, Bird, and Mammal.	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_vertebrates_21336.png
L_0374	introduction to vertebrates	T_2029	FIGURE 13.2 This sketch of the vertebral column of a goat shows the groups of vertebrae into which the vertebral column is commonly divided.	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_vertebrates_21337.png
L_0374	introduction to vertebrates	T_2030	FIGURE 13.3 Human endoskeleton	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_vertebrates_21338.png
L_0374	introduction to vertebrates	T_2035	FIGURE 13.4 Phylogenetic Tree of Vertebrate Evolution. The earliest vertebrates evolved almost 550 million years ago. Which class of vertebrates evolved last?	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_vertebrates_21339.png
L_0374	introduction to vertebrates	T_2038	FIGURE 13.5 A water snake climbs onto a rock to bask and warm up in the sun. MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/137118	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_vertebrates_21340.png
L_0375	fish	T_2040	FIGURE 13.6 Anglerfish	image	textbook_images/fish_21341.png
L_0375	fish	T_2041	FIGURE 13.7 Aquatic adaptations in fish: gill cover; scales; fins	image	textbook_images/fish_21342.png
L_0375	fish	T_2043	FIGURE 13.8 Adult salmon gather near the water sur- face to spawn. hatch. This is called mouth brooding.	image	textbook_images/fish_21343.png
L_0375	fish	T_2044	FIGURE 13.9 Salmon larvae, each with a yolk sac at- tached to it.	image	textbook_images/fish_21344.png
L_0375	fish	T_2046	FIGURE 13.10 Butterfly fish like this one have fake eyespots. The eyespots may confuse larger predators long enough for the butterfly fish to escape.	image	textbook_images/fish_21345.png
L_0383	introduction to the human body	T_2122	FIGURE 16.1 Different types of cells in the human body are specialized for specific jobs.	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_the_human_body_21395.png
L_0383	introduction to the human body	T_2124	FIGURE 16.2 The human body consists of these four tissue types.	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_the_human_body_21396.png
L_0383	introduction to the human body	T_2124	FIGURE 16.3 Tissues in the heart work together to pump blood.	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_the_human_body_21397.png
L_0383	introduction to the human body	T_2125	FIGURE 16.4 Six human organ systems	image	textbook_images/introduction_to_the_human_body_21398.png
L_0384	the integumentary system	T_2127	FIGURE 16.5 The skin is much more complex that it appears from the outside.	image	textbook_images/the_integumentary_system_21399.png
L_0384	the integumentary system	T_2127	FIGURE 16.6 Layers and structures of the skin	image	textbook_images/the_integumentary_system_21400.png
L_0384	the integumentary system	T_2128	FIGURE 16.7 Melanocytes are located at the bottom of the epidermis.	image	textbook_images/the_integumentary_system_21401.png
L_0384	the integumentary system	T_2129	FIGURE 16.8 Structures in the dermis include hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which produce sebum.	image	textbook_images/the_integumentary_system_21402.png
L_0384	the integumentary system	T_2131	FIGURE 16.9 Acne on a teenaged boys forehead	image	textbook_images/the_integumentary_system_21403.png
L_0385	the skeletal system	T_2138	FIGURE 16.10 The human skeleton includes bones and cartilage.	image	textbook_images/the_skeletal_system_21404.png
L_0385	the skeletal system	T_2139	FIGURE 16.11 Types of tissues in bone	image	textbook_images/the_skeletal_system_21405.png
L_0385	the skeletal system	T_2140	FIGURE 16.12 Example of immovable joint: skull	image	textbook_images/the_skeletal_system_21406.png
L_0385	the skeletal system	T_2140	FIGURE 16.13 Examples of movable joints: shoulder, elbow, and knee	image	textbook_images/the_skeletal_system_21407.png
L_0385	the skeletal system	T_2143	FIGURE 16.14 Bone mass declines with age, leading to osteoporosis in many people by old age.	image	textbook_images/the_skeletal_system_21408.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2145	FIGURE 16.15 A soldier prepares for a fitness challenge by doing one-arm pushups.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21409.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2145	FIGURE 16.16 A muscle fiber is a single cell that can con- tract. Each muscle fiber contains many myofibrils.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21410.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2147	FIGURE 16.17 Three types of human muscle tissue	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21411.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2149	FIGURE 16.18 Human Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal mus- cles enable the body to move.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21412.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2149	FIGURE 16.19 Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21413.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2150	FIGURE 16.20 Bicep and triceps muscles let you bend and straighten your arm at the elbow.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21414.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2153	FIGURE 16.21 Exercising muscles makes them stronger and increases their endurance.	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21415.png
L_0386	the muscular system	T_2153	FIGURE 16.22 Snowshoeing	image	textbook_images/the_muscular_system_21416.png
L_0387	food and nutrients	T_2157	FIGURE 17.2 Good sources of carbohydrates	image	textbook_images/food_and_nutrients_21418.png
L_0387	food and nutrients	T_2159	FIGURE 17.3 Good sources of protein include whole grains, vegetables, and beans.	image	textbook_images/food_and_nutrients_21419.png
L_0387	food and nutrients	T_2159	FIGURE 17.4 Good sources of lipids include fish, nuts, and seeds.	image	textbook_images/food_and_nutrients_21420.png
L_0387	food and nutrients	T_2160	FIGURE 17.5 When you are active outside on a warm day, its important to drink plenty of water. You need to replace the water you lose in sweat.	image	textbook_images/food_and_nutrients_21421.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2171	FIGURE 17.10 Major organs of the digestive system make up the GI tract.	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21426.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2172	FIGURE 17.11 Peristalsis	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21427.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2176	FIGURE 17.12 Digestive system organs and glands	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21428.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2178	FIGURE 17.13 Teeth are important for mechanical diges- tion.	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21429.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2181	FIGURE 17.14 This diagram shows whats inside each of the millions of villi that line the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. The villus is drawn greatly enlarged.	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21430.png
L_0389	the digestive system	T_2187	FIGURE 17.15 Picnic food is a potential cause of food- borne illness.	image	textbook_images/the_digestive_system_21431.png
L_0390	overview of the cardiovascular system	T_2189	FIGURE 18.1 The cardiovascular system transports many substances to and from cells throughout the body.	image	textbook_images/overview_of_the_cardiovascular_system_21432.png
L_0390	overview of the cardiovascular system	T_2190	FIGURE 18.2 Pulmonary and systemic circulation	image	textbook_images/overview_of_the_cardiovascular_system_21433.png
L_0391	heart and blood vessels	T_2194	FIGURE 18.3 Parts of the heart	image	textbook_images/heart_and_blood_vessels_21434.png
L_0391	heart and blood vessels	T_2195	FIGURE 18.4 Blood flows through the heart along two different paths, shown here by blue and red arrows. Notice where valves open and close to keep the blood moving in just one direction along each path.	image	textbook_images/heart_and_blood_vessels_21435.png
L_0391	heart and blood vessels	T_2198	FIGURE 18.5 Arteries, veins and capillaries	image	textbook_images/heart_and_blood_vessels_21436.png

L_0321

surface features of the sun

T_1742

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21146.png

L_0321

surface features of the sun

T_1742

FIGURE 1.2 Magnetic activity leads up to a small solar flare.

image

textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21147.png

L_0321

surface features of the sun

T_1743

FIGURE 1.3 A solar prominence.

image

textbook_images/surface_features_of_the_sun_21148.png

L_0323

sustainable development

T_1750

FIGURE 1.1 One of the most important steps to achieving a more sustainable future is to reduce human population growth. This has been happening in recent years. Studies have shown that the birth rate decreases as women become educated, because educated women tend to have fewer, and healthier, children.

image

textbook_images/sustainable_development_21152.png

L_0326

testing hypotheses

T_1758

FIGURE 1.1 Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/185963

image

textbook_images/testing_hypotheses_21155.png

L_0329

thermosphere and beyond

T_1769

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/thermosphere_and_beyond_21156.png

L_0331

tides

T_1779

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/tides_21162.png

L_0331

tides

T_1781

FIGURE 1.2

image

textbook_images/tides_21163.png

L_0331

tides

T_1781

FIGURE 1.3 A spring tide occurs when the gravita- tional pull of both Moon and the Sun is in the same direction, making high tides higher and low tides lower and creating a large tidal range.

image

textbook_images/tides_21164.png

L_0331

tides

T_1781

FIGURE 1.4 A neap tide occurs when the high tide of the Sun adds to the low tide of the Moon and vice versa, so the tidal range is relatively small.

image

textbook_images/tides_21165.png

L_0334

tree rings ice cores and varves

T_1789

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21172.png

L_0334

tree rings ice cores and varves

T_1790

FIGURE 1.2 Ice core section showing annual layers.

image

textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21173.png

L_0334

tree rings ice cores and varves

T_1791

FIGURE 1.3 Ancient varve sediments in a rock out- crop.

image

textbook_images/tree_rings_ice_cores_and_varves_21174.png

L_0335

troposphere

T_1793

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/troposphere_21175.png

L_0337

types of air pollution

T_1798

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21176.png

L_0337

types of air pollution

T_1798

FIGURE 1.2 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mostly hydrocarbons. Important VOCs include methane (a naturally occurring greenhouse gas that is increasing because of human activities), chlorofluorocarbons (human-made compounds that are being phased out because of their effect on the ozone layer), and dioxin (a byproduct of chemical production that serves no useful purpose, but is harmful to humans and other organisms).

image

textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21177.png

L_0337

types of air pollution

T_1799

FIGURE 1.3

image

textbook_images/types_of_air_pollution_21178.png

L_0338

types of fossilization

T_1802

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/types_of_fossilization_21179.png

L_0338

types of fossilization

T_1802

FIGURE 1.2 Trilobite.

image

textbook_images/types_of_fossilization_21180.png

L_0342

universe

T_1826

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/universe_21198.png

L_0343

uranus

T_1830

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/uranus_21199.png

L_0343

uranus

T_1830

FIGURE 1.2

image

textbook_images/uranus_21200.png

L_0344

uses of water

T_1833

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/uses_of_water_21201.png

L_0344

uses of water

T_1836

FIGURE 1.2 Drip irrigation delivers water to the base of each plant so little is lost to evaporation and runoff.

image

textbook_images/uses_of_water_21202.png

L_0344

uses of water

T_1837

FIGURE 1.3

image

textbook_images/uses_of_water_21203.png

L_0344

uses of water

T_1838

FIGURE 1.4

image

textbook_images/uses_of_water_21204.png

L_0344

uses of water

T_1842

FIGURE 1.5 Wetlands and other environments depend on clean water to survive.

image

textbook_images/uses_of_water_21205.png

L_0345

venus

T_1844

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/venus_21206.png

L_0345

venus

T_1845

FIGURE 1.2 with a bit of sulfur dioxide. They also contain corrosive sulfuric acid. Because carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, the atmosphere traps heat from the Sun and creates a powerful greenhouse effect. Even though Venus is further from the Sun than Mercury, the greenhouse effect makes Venus the hottest planet. Temperatures at the surface reach 465 C (860 F). Thats hot enough to melt lead.

image

textbook_images/venus_21207.png

L_0345

venus

T_1846

FIGURE 1.3 Orbiting spacecraft have used radar to reveal mountains, valleys, and canyons. Most of the surface has large areas of volcanoes surrounded by plains of lava. In fact, Venus has many more volcanoes than any other planet in the solar system, and some of those volcanoes are very large.

image

textbook_images/venus_21208.png

L_0345

venus

T_1846

FIGURE 1.4

image

textbook_images/venus_21209.png

L_0350

water distribution

T_1868

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/water_distribution_21225.png

L_0350

water distribution

T_1869

FIGURE 1.2

image

textbook_images/water_distribution_21226.png

L_0350

water distribution

T_1872

FIGURE 1.3

image

textbook_images/water_distribution_21227.png

L_0351

water pollution

T_1874

FIGURE 1.1 Municipal and agricultural pollution.

image

textbook_images/water_pollution_21228.png

L_0351

water pollution

T_1876

FIGURE 1.2 Industrial Waste Water: Polluted water coming from a factory in Mexico. The different colors of foam indicate various chemicals in the water and industrial pol- lution.

image

textbook_images/water_pollution_21229.png

L_0351

water pollution

T_1876

FIGURE 1.3

image

textbook_images/water_pollution_21230.png

L_0355

weathering and erosion

T_1886

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/weathering_and_erosion_21242.png

L_0356

wegener and the continental drift hypothesis

T_1888

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21243.png

L_0356

wegener and the continental drift hypothesis

T_1888

FIGURE 1.2

image

textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21244.png

L_0356

wegener and the continental drift hypothesis

T_1889

FIGURE 1.3 Thermal convection occurs as hot rock in the deep mantle rises towards the Earths surface. This rock then spreads out and cools, sinking back towards the core, where it can be heated again. This circulation of rock through the mantle cre- ates convection cells.

image

textbook_images/wegener_and_the_continental_drift_hypothesis_21245.png

L_0358

wind waves

T_1895

FIGURE 1.1

image

textbook_images/wind_waves_21248.png

L_0362

the microscope

T_1911

FIGURE 1.10 The head of ant as seen with an electron microscope

image

textbook_images/the_microscope_21258.png

L_0362

the microscope

T_1914

FIGURE 1.11 Cells in cork

image

textbook_images/the_microscope_21259.png

L_0362

the microscope

T_1915

FIGURE 1.12 Van Leeuwenhoeks drawings of animal- cules as they appeared under his micro- scope

image

textbook_images/the_microscope_21260.png

L_0370

flatworms and roundworms

T_1997

FIGURE 12.12 Tapeworm life cycle.

image

textbook_images/flatworms_and_roundworms_21316.png

L_0370

flatworms and roundworms

T_1997

FIGURE 12.13 This roundworm named ascaris is the largest and most common parasitic worm in humans.

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flatworms and roundworms

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FIGURE 12.14 Hooks on the mouth end of a hookworm

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mollusks and annelids

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FIGURE 12.15 Example of a mollusk: clam

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mollusks and annelids

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FIGURE 12.16 Garden snail

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mollusks and annelids

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FIGURE 12.17 Radula of a sea slug

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mollusks and annelids

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FIGURE 12.18 Segmented earthworm

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mollusks and annelids

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FIGURE 12.19 Polychaete worm: feather duster

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introduction to vertebrates

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FIGURE 13.1 Examples of Vertebrates: (left to right) Fish, Amphibian, Reptile, Bird, and Mammal.

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introduction to vertebrates

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FIGURE 13.2 This sketch of the vertebral column of a goat shows the groups of vertebrae into which the vertebral column is commonly divided.

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introduction to vertebrates

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FIGURE 13.3 Human endoskeleton

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introduction to vertebrates

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FIGURE 13.4 Phylogenetic Tree of Vertebrate Evolution. The earliest vertebrates evolved almost 550 million years ago. Which class of vertebrates evolved last?

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introduction to vertebrates

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FIGURE 13.5 A water snake climbs onto a rock to bask and warm up in the sun. MEDIA Click image to the left or use the URL below. URL: https://www.ck12.org/flx/render/embeddedobject/137118

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fish

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FIGURE 13.6 Anglerfish

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fish

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FIGURE 13.7 Aquatic adaptations in fish: gill cover; scales; fins

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fish

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FIGURE 13.8 Adult salmon gather near the water sur- face to spawn. hatch. This is called mouth brooding.

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fish

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FIGURE 13.9 Salmon larvae, each with a yolk sac at- tached to it.

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fish

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FIGURE 13.10 Butterfly fish like this one have fake eyespots. The eyespots may confuse larger predators long enough for the butterfly fish to escape.

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introduction to the human body

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FIGURE 16.1 Different types of cells in the human body are specialized for specific jobs.

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introduction to the human body

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FIGURE 16.2 The human body consists of these four tissue types.

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introduction to the human body

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FIGURE 16.3 Tissues in the heart work together to pump blood.

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introduction to the human body

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FIGURE 16.4 Six human organ systems

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the integumentary system

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FIGURE 16.5 The skin is much more complex that it appears from the outside.

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the integumentary system

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FIGURE 16.6 Layers and structures of the skin

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the integumentary system

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FIGURE 16.7 Melanocytes are located at the bottom of the epidermis.

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the integumentary system

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FIGURE 16.8 Structures in the dermis include hair follicles and sebaceous glands, which produce sebum.

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the integumentary system

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FIGURE 16.9 Acne on a teenaged boys forehead

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the skeletal system

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FIGURE 16.10 The human skeleton includes bones and cartilage.

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the skeletal system

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FIGURE 16.11 Types of tissues in bone

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the skeletal system

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FIGURE 16.12 Example of immovable joint: skull

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the skeletal system

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FIGURE 16.13 Examples of movable joints: shoulder, elbow, and knee

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the skeletal system

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FIGURE 16.14 Bone mass declines with age, leading to osteoporosis in many people by old age.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.15 A soldier prepares for a fitness challenge by doing one-arm pushups.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.16 A muscle fiber is a single cell that can con- tract. Each muscle fiber contains many myofibrils.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.17 Three types of human muscle tissue

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.18 Human Skeletal Muscles. Skeletal mus- cles enable the body to move.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.19 Skeletal muscles are attached to bones by tendons.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.20 Bicep and triceps muscles let you bend and straighten your arm at the elbow.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.21 Exercising muscles makes them stronger and increases their endurance.

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the muscular system

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FIGURE 16.22 Snowshoeing

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food and nutrients

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FIGURE 17.2 Good sources of carbohydrates

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food and nutrients

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FIGURE 17.3 Good sources of protein include whole grains, vegetables, and beans.

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food and nutrients

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FIGURE 17.4 Good sources of lipids include fish, nuts, and seeds.

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food and nutrients

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FIGURE 17.5 When you are active outside on a warm day, its important to drink plenty of water. You need to replace the water you lose in sweat.

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.10 Major organs of the digestive system make up the GI tract.

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.11 Peristalsis

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.12 Digestive system organs and glands

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.13 Teeth are important for mechanical diges- tion.

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.14 This diagram shows whats inside each of the millions of villi that line the jejunum and ileum of the small intestine. The villus is drawn greatly enlarged.

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the digestive system

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FIGURE 17.15 Picnic food is a potential cause of food- borne illness.

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overview of the cardiovascular system

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FIGURE 18.1 The cardiovascular system transports many substances to and from cells throughout the body.

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overview of the cardiovascular system

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FIGURE 18.2 Pulmonary and systemic circulation

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heart and blood vessels

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FIGURE 18.3 Parts of the heart

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heart and blood vessels

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FIGURE 18.4 Blood flows through the heart along two different paths, shown here by blue and red arrows. Notice where valves open and close to keep the blood moving in just one direction along each path.

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heart and blood vessels

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FIGURE 18.5 Arteries, veins and capillaries

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