translation
dict |
|---|
{
"en": "(Applause) I want to talk to you today a little bit about predictable irrationality. ",
"ja": "๏ผๆๆ๏ผใไปๆฅใฎใใผใใฏใใไบๆณ้ใใฎไธๅ็ใใใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And my interest in irrational behavior started many years ago in the hospital. ",
"ja": "็งใใไธๅ็ใช่กๅใใซ่ๅณใๆใฃใใฎใฏใใใใถใๅใซ็
้ขใงใฎใใจใ"
} |
{
"en": "I was burned very badly. ",
"ja": "็งใฏ้
ทใ็ซๅทใ่ฒ ใฃใใใจใใใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And if you spend a lot of time in hospital, you'll see a lot of types of irrationalities. ",
"ja": "็
้ขใงไฝๅนดใ้ใใ้ใซใ่ฒใ
ใชไธๅ็ใใ็ฎใซใคใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And the one that particularly bothered me in the burn department was the process by which the nurses took the bandage off me. ",
"ja": "็นใซใ็ซๅท็
ๆฃใง็งใฎ้ ญใๆฉใพใใใฎใฏใ็่ญทๅธซใใกใฎๅ
ๅธฏใฎๅฅใใๆนใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, you must have all taken a Band-Aid off at some point, and you must have wondered what's the right approach. ",
"ja": "ใใฆใไป็ใใใฏใใณใใจใคใใใๅฅใใใใจใใฆใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Do you rip it off quickly -- short duration but high intensity -- or do you take your Band-Aid off slowly -- you take a long time, but each second is not as painful -- which one of those is the right approach? ",
"ja": "ใใฃใใจๅฅใใใฆใ็ญใใๆฟใใ็ใฟใซ่ใใใใใใฃใใๅฅใใใฆใ้ทใใฎ็ฉใใใช็ใฟใซ่ใใใใใฉใกใใใใใงใใใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "The nurses in my department thought that the right approach was the ripping one, so they would grab hold and they would rip, and they would grab hold and they would rip. ",
"ja": "็งใฎ็
ๆฃใฎ็่ญทๅธซใใกใฎๆ่ซใฏใใใฃใใจๅฅใใๆนใงใใใพใใฆใฏๅผใๅฅใใใใใพใใฆใฏไธๆฐใซๅผใๅฅใใใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And because I had 70 percent of my body burned, it would take about an hour. ",
"ja": "็งใฎ็ซๅทใฏๅ
จ่บซใฎ70๏ผ
ใซๅใณใพใใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And as you can imagine, I hated that moment of ripping with incredible intensity. ",
"ja": "ไธๆ้ใฏใใใใๅผใๅฅใใ้ใฎใใใฎๆใใใ็ใฟใๅซใงใใใญใ"
} |
{
"en": "And I would try to reason with them and say, \"Why don't we try something else? ",
"ja": "ใ ใใใใใๆ้ ผใใงใฟใพใใใใใใๅฐใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Why don't we take it a little longer -- maybe two hours instead of an hour -- and have less of this intensity?\" ",
"ja": "ใใฃใใใจๅฅใใใฆใใ2ๆ้ใใใใฏใใใฆใ็ใฟใๅใใใใใชใใฎใใจใ"
} |
{
"en": "And the nurses told me two things. ",
"ja": "็่ญทๅธซใ่จใใซใฏใ"
} |
{
"en": "They told me that they had the right model of the patient -- that they knew what was the right thing to do to minimize my pain -- and they also told me that the word patient doesn't mean to make suggestions or to interfere or ... ",
"ja": "่ชๅใใกใฏๆฃ่
ใฎๆฑใๆนใ็ฅใฃใฆใใใใ็ใฟใๆใใๆนๆณใใใใฃใฆใใใใใใซใๆฃ่
ใใจใใ่จ่ใซใใๅฉ่จใใใ้ช้ญใใใใๆๅณใฏใชใใจใ"
} |
{
"en": "This is not just in Hebrew, by the way. ",
"ja": "็งใ็ฅใ้ใใงใฏใ"
} |
{
"en": "It's in every language I've had experience with so far. ",
"ja": "ใใฎใใจใฏไธๅฝๅ
ฑ้ใฎใใใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And, you know, there's not much -- there wasn't much I could do, and they kept on doing what they were doing. ",
"ja": "ใจใซใใใ็งใซใฏใฉใใซใใงใใชใใพใพใ็่ญทๅธซใฏๅใใใใซ็ถใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And about three years later, when I left the hospital, I started studying at the university. ",
"ja": "ใใใใ3ๅนดๅพใซใฏ้้ขใใฆใๅคงๅญฆใงๅๅผทใๅงใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And one of the most interesting lessons I learned was that there is an experimental method that if you have a question you can create a replica of this question in some abstract way, and you can try to examine this question, maybe learn something about the world. ",
"ja": "ใใใง้ข็ฝใใใจใๅญฆใณใพใใใ่ชๅใ็ๅใซๆใใใจใใๆฝ่ฑก็ใช่ณชๅใฎๅฝขใซไฝใๅคใใใใฎ่ณชๅใฎ็ญใๆขใใใจใงใใใฎไธ็ใซใคใใฆใๅฐใใใณใใๅพใใใใใจใ็ฅใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So that's what I did. ",
"ja": "ใ ใใ่ฉฆใใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "I was still interested in this question of how do you take bandages off burn patients. ",
"ja": "็งใฏใใฎๆใใพใ ใ็ซๅทๆฃ่
ใฎๅ
ๅธฏใฎๅฅใใๆนใๆฐใซใชใฃใฆใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So originally I didn't have much money, so I went to a hardware store and I bought a carpenter's vice. ",
"ja": "ๅใใฏใใใพใใ้ใใชใใไธๅใ่ฒทใฃใฆใใฆใ"
} |
{
"en": "And I would bring people to the lab and I would put their finger in it, and I would crunch it a little bit. ",
"ja": "็ ็ฉถๅฎคใซไบบใ้ใใฆใๆใ้ใซๆใพใใๅฐใใ ใ็ท ใใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "(Laughter) And I would crunch it for long periods and short periods, and pain that went up and pain that went down, and with breaks and without breaks -- all kinds of versions of pain. ",
"ja": "(็ฌ๏ผใ้ทใใซ็ท ใไปใใใใ็ญใใ ใฃใใใ็ใฟใๅผทใใฆใฏๅผฑใใใใฐใใ็ถใใใใจใซใฏๅฐใ้ใใใใฆใ"
} |
{
"en": "And when I finished hurting people a little bit, I would ask them, so, how painful was this? Or, how painful was this? ",
"ja": "็ใฟใไธใใใใณใซใใฉใ็ใใฃใใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "Or, if you had to choose between the last two, which one would you choose? ",
"ja": "้ธใถใจใใใฐใใฉใกใใฎ็ใฟใ้ธใถใ๏ผใจ่ใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "(Laughter) I kept on doing this for a while. ",
"ja": "๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใใฐใใ็ถใใพใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "(Laughter) And then, like all good academic projects, I got more funding. ",
"ja": "๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใ็ ็ฉถ่ฒปใใใใใใใใซใชใฃใฆใใใฏใ"
} |
{
"en": "I moved to sounds, electrical shocks -- I even had a pain suit that I could get people to feel much more pain. ",
"ja": "ไปใฎ็ใฟใ่ฉฆใใฆใฟใพใใใไธๅฟซใช้ณใ้ปๆฐใทใงใใฏใๆทๅในใผใใพใงใ"
} |
{
"en": "But at the end of this process, what I learned was that the nurses were wrong. ",
"ja": "ใใใฆใใใใฎๅฎ้จใใใ็่ญทๅธซใใกใใ้้ใฃใฆใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Here were wonderful people with good intentions and plenty of experience, and nevertheless they were getting things wrong predictably all the time. ",
"ja": "็่ญทๅธซใใกใฏใใใใ ใใฎๅๆใจใ็ต้จใๆใกๅใใใฆใใไบๆณ้ใ้้ใใใจใ่จผๆใใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "It turns out that because we don't encode duration in the way that we encode intensity, I would have had less pain if the duration would have been longer and the intensity was lower. ",
"ja": "็งใใกใฏใๆ็ถๆ้ใจ็ใฟใฎๅผทใใใๅใ่จใใง่จใฃใฆใใชใใใใงใใใใใใฃใใใจๅ
ๅธฏใๅฅใใใฆใใใใใใฃใจ็ใฟใฏ่ปฝๆธใใใฆใใใงใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "It turns out it would have been better to start with my face, which was much more painful, and move toward my legs, giving me a trend of improvement over time -- that would have been also less painful. ",
"ja": "ใใ็ใฟใฎๅผทใ้กใฎๆนใใ่ใฎๆนใธใๅ
ๅธฏใๅฅใใใฆใใใใ่ฆ็ใฏ่ปฝใๆนใธๅใใใฎใงใใใใๆใใ็ใฟใๅใใใงใใใงใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And it also turns out that it would have been good to give me breaks in the middle to kind of recuperate from the pain. ",
"ja": "ใพใใ้ไธญใงๅฐใใไผๆฉใๅ
ฅใใฆใใใใฃใใใใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "All of these would have been great things to do, and my nurses had no idea. ",
"ja": "ๆนๅใฎไฝๅฐใฏใใใพใใใใใใใ็่ญทๅธซใฏ็ฅใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And from that point on I started thinking, are the nurses the only people in the world who get things wrong in this particular decision, or is it a more general case? ",
"ja": "ใใใง็งใ่ใใใฎใฏใใใใฏ็่ญทๅธซใซ้ใฃใใใจใชใฎใใใใฃใจไธ่ฌ็ใซๅฝใฆใฏใพใใฎใใใจใใใใจใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And it turns out it's a more general case -- there's a lot of mistakes we do. ",
"ja": "็ญใใฏๅพ่
ใงใใ็งใใกใฏๅคใใฎ้้ใใ็ฏใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And I want to give you one example of one of these irrationalities, and I want to talk to you about cheating. ",
"ja": "ใใฎไธๅ็ใฎๅ
ทไฝไพใฎไธใคใใไธๆญฃ่ก็บใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And the reason I picked cheating is because it's interesting, but also it tells us something, I think, about the stock market situation we're in. ",
"ja": "ใใใง็ดนไปใใ่ๅณๆทฑใๅฎ้จใฏใๆจไปใฎๆททๆฒใจใใ่จผๅธๅธๅ ดใซใใๅฟ็จใงใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, my interest in cheating started when Enron came on the scene, exploded all of a sudden, and I started thinking about what is happening here. ",
"ja": "็งใใฏใใใซไธๆญฃใซ่ๅณใๆใฃใใฎใฏใ2001ๅนดใฎใจใณใญใณไบไปถใงใใไธไฝไฝใ่ตทใใฃใฆใใใฎใงใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Is it the case that there was kind of a few apples who are capable of doing these things, or are we talking a more endemic situation, that many people are actually capable of behaving this way? ",
"ja": "ใใใฏใๅฐๆฐใฎๆชใไบบ้ใฎ่กใใชใฎใใใใใจใไบบ้ใซ็นๆใฎใ่ชฐใใ็ฏใใใ้ใกใ ใฃใใฎใงใใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, like we usually do, I decided to do a simple experiment. ",
"ja": "ใใใงใใใคใ้ใใๅ็ดใชๅฎ้จใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And here's how it went. ",
"ja": "่กใฃใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "If you were in the experiment, I would pass you a sheet of paper with 20 simple math problems that everybody could solve, but I wouldn't give you enough time. ",
"ja": "็ใใใซใ็ดใไธๆ้
ใใจใใพใใ็ฐกๅใช่ชฐใใ่งฃใใๆฐๅญฆใฎๅ้ก20ๅใงใใใใใใๅๅใชๆ้ใใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "When the five minutes were over, I would say, \"Pass me the sheets of paper, and I'll pay you a dollar per question.\" ",
"ja": "ๅถ้ๆ้ใฏ5ๅใงใ็ญๆกใๅๅใใพใใไธๅๆญฃ่งฃใซใคใไธใใซๆใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "People did this. I would pay people four dollars for their task -- on average people would solve four problems. ",
"ja": "ๅนณๅๆญฃ่งฃๆฐใฏ4ๅใๅนณๅ4ใใซๆธกใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Other people I would tempt to cheat. ",
"ja": "ๆฌกใซใๅฅใฎไบบใใกใซใฏใใใจไธๆญฃใๅใใใไปๆใใใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "I would pass their sheet of paper. ",
"ja": "ไปๅบฆใใ"
} |
{
"en": "When the five minutes were over, I would say, \"Please shred the piece of paper. ",
"ja": "็ดใ้
ใใ5ๅๅพใซใใ่จใใพใใใ็ดใ็ ดใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Put the little pieces in your pocket or in your backpack, and tell me how many questions you got correctly.\" ",
"ja": "ใใฑใใใ้ใซใใพใฃใฆใใ ใใใใใใฆใไฝๅๆญฃ่งฃใใใใๆใใฆใใ ใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "People now solved seven questions on average. ",
"ja": "ๆญฃ่งฃใฏๅนณๅ๏ผๅใซๅขใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, it wasn't as if there was a few bad apples -- a few people cheated a lot. ",
"ja": "ใใใฏใๅฐๆฐใฎๆชไบบใใใใใใใบใซใใใใฎใงใฏใชใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Instead, what we saw is a lot of people who cheat a little bit. ",
"ja": "ๅฎใฏใๅคใใฎไบบใๅฐใใบใซใใใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, in economic theory, cheating is a very simple cost-benefit analysis. ",
"ja": "ใใฆใ็ตๆธๅญฆใฎ็่ซใงใฏใไธๆญฃใฏๅ็ดใช่ฒป็จไพฟ็ๅๆใฎไธไพใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "You say, what's the probability of being caught? ",
"ja": "ๆใพใ็ขบ็ใฏ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "How much do I stand to gain from cheating? ",
"ja": "ไธๆญฃใใๅพใใใไพกๅคใฏใใใใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "And how much punishment would I get if I get caught? ",
"ja": "ๆใพใฃใใใฉใใช็ฝฐใๅใใใฎใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "And you weigh these options out -- you do the simple cost-benefit analysis, and you decide whether it's worthwhile to commit the crime or not. ",
"ja": "ใใใใ่จใใซใใใพใใใใใๅ็ดใช่ฒป็จไพฟ็ๅๆใงใใใใใฆใ็ฝชใ็ฏใไพกๅคใใใใใฉใใใๆฑบใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, we try to test this. ",
"ja": "ใใใงใๆฌกใฎๅฎ้จใงใฏใ"
} |
{
"en": "For some people, we varied how much money they could get away with -- how much money they could steal. ",
"ja": "ๆใก้ใใใใ้้กใๅคใใฆใฟใพใใใใใใใชใ็ใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "We paid them 10 cents per correct question, 50 cents, a dollar, five dollars, 10 dollars per correct question. ",
"ja": "ไธๅใใใใ10ใปใณใใ50ใปใณใใ1ใใซใ5ใใซใ10ใใซใจๅคใใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "You would expect that as the amount of money on the table increases, people would cheat more, but in fact it wasn't the case. ",
"ja": "็ใใใฏใ้้กใๅคงใใใปใฉไธๆญฃใๅขใใใใจๆใใงใใใใใๅฎ้ใฏ้ใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "We got a lot of people cheating by stealing by a little bit. ",
"ja": "ๅคใใฎไบบใใใใใ ใ็ใใ ใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "What about the probability of being caught? ",
"ja": "ใพใใๆใพใๅฏ่ฝๆงใฏ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "Some people shredded half the sheet of paper, so there was some evidence left. ",
"ja": "ใใไบบใฏ็ดใๅๅใ ใ็ ดใใ่จผๆ ใๆฎใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Some people shredded the whole sheet of paper. ",
"ja": "ใใไบบใฏไธธใ
ไธๆ็ ดใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Some people shredded everything, went out of the room, and paid themselves from the bowl of money that had over 100 dollars. ",
"ja": "ใใไบบใฏ็ฒใ
ใซใใฆใ้จๅฑใๅบใฆใใใ100ใใซใฏๅ
ฅใฃใฆใใใใฆใซใใใ้ใใจใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "You would expect that as the probability of being caught goes down, people would cheat more, but again, this was not the case. ",
"ja": "ใใใงใฏใๆใพใๅฏ่ฝๆงใไฝใๆนใใไธๆญฃใๅขใใใใใงใใใๅใใใ้ใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Again, a lot of people cheated by just by a little bit, and they were insensitive to these economic incentives. ",
"ja": "ใใฏใใๅคใใฎไบบใๅฐใใ ใไธๆญฃใใใพใใใใคใพใใ็ตๆธ็ใชใคใณใปใณใใฃใใซๅๅฟใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So we said, \"If people are not sensitive to the economic rational theory explanations, to these forces, what could be going on?\" ",
"ja": "ใใฎใใใซใไบบใ
ใ็ตๆธใฎๅ็ๆงใซ่ฆๅใใชใ่กๅใใจใใใใใงไฝใ่ตทใใฆใใใฎใ่ใใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And we thought maybe what is happening is that there are two forces. ",
"ja": "็งใ่ใใใซใใใใซใฏ2ใคใฎๅใๅใใฆใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "At one hand, we all want to look at ourselves in the mirror and feel good about ourselves, so we don't want to cheat. ",
"ja": "ไธใคใฏใ่ชๅใฎๅงฟใ้กใซๆ ใๅบใใ่ชๅฐๅฟใใใไธๆญฃใๆใใใใจใใๅใ"
} |
{
"en": "On the other hand, we can cheat a little bit, and still feel good about ourselves. ",
"ja": "ใใไธใคใฏใๅฐใใ ใใชใไธๆญฃใใใฆใใ่ชๅฐๅฟใฏใพใ ไฟใฆใใจใใๅใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, maybe what is happening is that there's a level of cheating we can't go over, but we can still benefit from cheating at a low degree, as long as it doesn't change our impressions about ourselves. ",
"ja": "ใคใพใใ่ถ
ใใฆใฏใใใชใไธ็ทใๅฎใใชใใใ่ชๅใฎ่ฉไพกใๅทใคใใชใ็จๅบฆใซใไบ็ดฐใชไธๆญฃใใไฝใใๅพใใใจใใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "We call this like a personal fudge factor. ",
"ja": "ใใใใ็ง็่ฃๆญฃๅ ๅญใใจ่จใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, how would you test a personal fudge factor? ",
"ja": "ใใฎใ็ง็่ฃๆญฃๅ ๅญใใฏใฉใฎใใใซใในใใงใใใงใใใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "Initially we said, what can we do to shrink the fudge factor? ",
"ja": "ใพใใ็ง็่ฃๆญฃๅ ๅญใใๆธใใใซใฏใฉใใใใใใใงใใใใ๏ผใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, we got people to the lab, and we said, \"We have two tasks for you today.\" ",
"ja": "ใใใงไบบใ
ใ็ ็ฉถๅฎคใซ้ใใไบใคใฎ่ชฒ้กใไธใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "First, we asked half the people to recall either 10 books they read in high school, or to recall The Ten Commandments, and then we tempted them with cheating. ",
"ja": "ใพใใๅๅใฎไบบใซใ้ซๆ กๆไปฃใซ่ชญใใ ๆฌใ10ๅใไปใฎไบบใซใฏใๅๆใใๆใๅบใใฆใใใใใใซๆ็คบใใพใใใใใงใใพใใใใใจใบใซใใใ็ดฐๅทฅใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Turns out the people who tried to recall The Ten Commandments -- and in our sample nobody could recall all of The Ten Commandments -- but those people who tried to recall The Ten Commandments, given the opportunity to cheat, did not cheat at all. ",
"ja": "็ตๆใฏใใๅๆใใๆ็คบใใใไบบใฏใ่ชฐใ10ๅๅ
จใฆใฏๆใๅบใใพใใใงใใใใงใใใใใจใบใซใใงใใใใใซใใใซใ้ขใใใใ่ชฐใไธๆญฃใๅใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "It wasn't that the more religious people -- the people who remembered more of the Commandments -- cheated less, and the less religious people -- the people who couldn't remember almost any Commandments -- cheated more. ",
"ja": "ใใใฏใ็นใซ็ฑๅฟใชไฟก่
ใใใบใซใใใชใใฃใ่จณใงใใชใใใๅๆใใจ็ก็ธใชไบบใใใใใบใซใใใใ่จณใงใใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "The moment people thought about trying to recall The Ten Commandments, they stopped cheating. ",
"ja": "ใๅๆใใๆใๅบใใใจใใ็ฌ้ใใงใซใไธๆญฃใฏใชใใชใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "In fact, even when we gave self-declared atheists the task of swearing on the Bible and we give them a chance to cheat, they don't cheat at all. ",
"ja": "่ช็งฐใ็กๅฎๆ่
ใงใใใ่ๆธใซๆใ็ฝฎใใ่ชใใใใฆใใจใไธๆญฃใๅใๆฐใฏใชใใชใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, Ten Commandments is something that is hard to bring into the education system, so we said, \"Why don't we get people to sign the honor code?\" ",
"ja": "ใใฆใๅๆใใฏๅฎๆ็ใงใๆ่ฒ็พๅ ดใซใฏไธๅใใงใใใใๅซ็่ฆๅฎใไฝฟใฃใฆๅฎ้จใ็ถใใใใจใซใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "So, we got people to sign, \"I understand that this short survey falls under the MIT Honor Code.\" ",
"ja": "ๅซ็่ฆๅฎใซใใ็งใฏใใใซใใใฎ่ชฟๆปใMITๅซ็่ฆๅฎใฎ้ฉ็จใๅใใใใจใ็่งฃใใพใใใใจใ"
} |
{
"en": "Then they shredded it. No cheating whatsoever. ",
"ja": "็ฝฒๅใใใใใใ็ ดใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And this is particularly interesting, because MIT doesn't have an honor code. ",
"ja": "ใใฎๅ ดๅใไธๆญฃใฏใชใใชใใพใใใใใใใ้ข็ฝใใใจใซMITใซใฏๅซ็่ฆๅฎใชใฉใฏใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "(Laughter) So, all this was about decreasing the fudge factor. ",
"ja": "๏ผ็ฌ๏ผใใใใฏๅ
จใฆใ็ง็่ฃๆญฃๅ ๅญใใๆธใใใใใซ่ตทใใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "What about increasing the fudge factor? ",
"ja": "ใใใงใฏใ็ง็่ฃๆญฃๅ ๅญใใฏใฉใฎใใใชๆใซๅขใใใฎใงใใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "The first experiment -- I walked around MIT and I distributed six-packs of Cokes in the refrigerators -- these were common refrigerators for the undergrads. ",
"ja": "ใฏใใใซใ็งใฏใญใฃใณใในใๆญฉใๅใใ6็ผถๅ
ฅใใฎใณใผใฉใๆงใ
ใชๅ ดๆใฎๅท่ตๅบซใซ็ฝฎใใพใใใๅญฆ้จ็็จใฎๅ
ฑๆๅท่ตๅบซใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And I came back to measure what we technically call the half-lifetime of Coke -- how long does it last in the refrigerators? ",
"ja": "็งใใกใฏใๅ็ๅใฎใณใผใฉใใจๅผใใงใพใใใใฉใใใใไฟใคใ่ชฟในใฆใฟใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "As you can expect it doesn't last very long; people take it. ",
"ja": "ใใใใใฎ้ใใใใใปใฉ้ทใใฏใใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "In contrast, I took a plate with six one-dollar bills, and I left those plates in the same refrigerators. ",
"ja": "ใใใใไปฃใใใซ6ใใซใใฎใใใ็ฟใใๅใใใใซๅท่ตๅบซใซใใใฆใใ"
} |
{
"en": "No bill ever disappeared. ",
"ja": "ไธๆใ็กใใชใใชใใฃใใฎใงใใ"
} |
{
"en": "Now, this is not a good social science experiment, so to do it better I did the same experiment as I described to you before. ",
"ja": "ใใใใใใงใฏใใ็คพไผๅญฆๅฎ้จใจ่จใใพใใใใใใง็งใๅ
ใปใฉ่ชฌๆใใๅฎ้จใใๅๅบฆ่กใฃใฆใฟใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "A third of the people we passed the sheet, they gave it back to us. ",
"ja": "ไปๅบฆใฏ3ๅใฎ1ใฎไบบใฏใ็ดใ็ง้ใซๆปใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "A third of the people we passed it to, they shredded it, they came to us and said, \"Mr. Experimenter, I solved X problems. Give me X dollars.\" ",
"ja": "ใพใๅฅใฎ3ๅใฎ1ใฏใ็ดใ็ ดใใ็ง้ใฎๆใธๆฅใฆใใ่ฉฆ้จๅฎใ็งใฏXๅๆญฃ่งฃใใพใใใใใXใใซใใ ใใใใจ่จใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "A third of the people, when they finished shredding the piece of paper, they came to us and said, \"Mr Experimenter, I solved X problems. Give me X tokens.\" ",
"ja": "ไปใฎ3ๅใฎ1ใฎไบบใฏใ็ดใ็ ดใใ็ง้ใฎๆใธๆฅใฆใใ่ฉฆ้จๅฎใ็งใฏXๅๆญฃ่งฃใใพใใใใใXๆๅผๆๅธใใใ ใใใใจ่จใใพใใ"
} |
{
"en": "We did not pay them with dollars; we paid them with something else. ",
"ja": "ใคใพใใใ้ใงๆฏๆใใฎใงใฏใชใใๅฅใฎ็ฉใงๆฏๆใใพใใใ"
} |
{
"en": "And then they took the something else, they walked 12 feet to the side, and exchanged it for dollars. ",
"ja": "ใใฎๅฅใฎ็ฉใใใใใ12ใใฃใผใใปใฉๆญฉใใฆ่กใฃใฆใๆ้ใใพใใ"
} |
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