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Ravindra Kumar (born 1959) is a Political Scientist, Peace Educator, an Indologist, a Humanist, Cultural Anthropologist and a former Vice-Chancellor of CCS University, Meerut (India).
He has worked an Ombudsman of Swami Vivekananda Subharati University, Meerut and the editor-in-chief of Global Peace International Journal. He has written more than one hundred books and four hundred articles on greatest personalities of the Indian sub-continent, especially Gautama Buddha, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and on various social, political, educational, cultural and academic issues to his credit.
Early life and education
Born in 1959 at Kakrauli village of Muzaffarnagar district in Uttar Pradesh, India, he is M. A. in Political Science & Philosophy, PGD in Gandhian Studies, Ph. D. and D. Lit.
Career
A well-known Indologist and the former Vice-Chancellor of CCS University Meerut, India, Kumar has been associated with several national and international academic, cultural, educational, peace and social bodies/institutions/organizations. As an International Professor and a Cultural Ambassador of India, he has delivered more than four hundred lectures at various institutions and universities of the world on subjects related to Asian values, civilization, culture, Gandhian philosophy, Indology, international co-operation and understanding, leadership, way of life, women's empowerment, world peace, youth affairs etc.
As a Peace Worker, Kumar started Peace Review – an international journal of peace studies in 1998 and worked as its Editor-in-Chief. In 2001 he has started Global Peace –another international journal of philosophy, peace, education, culture and civilization. Besides, he has inspired hundred and thousands of people all over the world for their commitment towards non-violence by signing pledges.
Between 1993 and 2015 Ravindra Kumar has organised a number of seminars, symposiums and workshops at national and international level on subjects related to value education, religion and politics, non-violence and democracy, morality and ethics in public life, human values and rights, education, peace and development, Gandhian philosophy.
Books
Religion and Word Peace (1993-2006)
Morality and Ethics in Public Life (1999)
Towards Peace, two-parts (2001-7)
Theory and Practice of Gandhian Non-Violence (2002-7)
Non-Violence and Its Philosophy (2003)
Five Thousand Years of Indian Culture (2003)
Fundamentals of Civilization (2006)
Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Life, Works and Views (2005–12)
Towards Buddha (2007), Gandhian Thought: New World, New Dimensions (2008)
India and Mahatma Gandhi (2009–10)
Peace Philosophy in Action (2010)
Resolving Conflicts: The Gandhian Way (2011)
Education, Peace and Development (2012)
Gandhi in Current Perspective (2012)
The Indian Way (2013)
The Gandhian Way: A Universal Method of Resolving Conflicts (2013)
Non-Violence and Peace Education, two-parts (2013)
Facets of Education in Global Perspective (2013-5)
Unveiling the Universality of Indology and Indian Philosophy (2015)
Value and Peace Education (2016)
Essays on Socio-Cultural Sensitization, Empowerment and Human Rights (2016)
Sanatana Dharma –The Vedic-Hindu Jeevan Marg (2016)
Gandhi Marg (2016)
Gandhi’s Vision of the World in the Light of Indian Philosophy (2018)
Greatest Indians –a multi-volume series (2016-8).
Positions
Teacher, Department of Political Science, SD College, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh (1982-3), Research Representative/Senior Research Officer, Sardar Patel National Memorial, Ahmedabad/Sardar Patel Works Committee, New Delhi (1985–90), Member Secretary and Chief Editor of Vithalbhai Patel Works Committee (1990–92), Vice Chancellor, CCS University, Meerut, India (1994), Visiting Professor, Department of Philosophy and Religion, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Thailand (1996-2001), Visiting Professor/Scholar at more than one hundred Universities/Institutions of higher studies and research around the world including Ateneo de Manila University (Philippines), Universities of Thammasat, Silpakorn, Mahidol, Kasetsart and Chulalongkorn (Thailand), Universities of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur and Malaysia Science, Penang (Malaysia), Universities of Mandalay and Yangon (Myanmar), Udayana University, Bali (Indonesia), Institute Kern, Leiden University (The Netherlands), Universities of Aalborg, Aarhus, NIAS Copenhagen and Odense (Denmark), St. Petersburg State University (Russia), Jaume-I University, Castellon (Spain), University of Torino (Italy), University of Vienna (Austria), North Florida University, Jacksonville, Florida (USA), Universities of Autonomic Latin-American, Antioquia, EAFIT, Pontificia Bolivariana and Externado de Colombia (Columbia), Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo –the UEES, Guayaquil (Ecuador, South America), University of Kwazulu-Natal, Durban (South Africa)(1995-2019), Ombudsman, Swami Vivekananda Subharati University, Meerut, India (since 2013), Patron/Chairman, Director and Coordinator for international relations of many universities and institutions of higher studies and research in India and other countries of Asia.
Memberships
Member, Executive Council, Meerut University, Meerut, India, between 1993 and 1994
Member, Executive Council, MD University, Rohtak, India, between 1994 and 1996
Vice-Chancellor, CCS University, India, 1994
Member, Senate, Gandhigram Rural Institute Deemed University, Tamil Nadu, India, between 1994 and 1997
Life Fellow, (United Writers’ Association), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India since 1997
Consultant to UNUP, CR., CA. for Gandhian Studies 2000
Founder and Secretary General, World Peace Movement Trust since 2001
Member, Gandhi-Information-Zentrum, Berlin, Germany since 2001
Life Member, International Film & Television Research Centre, Noida, India since 2006
Honorary Advisor, Peace Education Academy of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal since 2006
Member, Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children, London, UK since 2006
Honorary Advisor, Institute For Inspiration & Self Development, Kolkata, India since 2006
Member, Advisory Board, Media For Freedom, USA since 2007
Member, Indian Language Newspapers Association (ILNA), India since 2009
Member, Asia-Pacific Peace Research Association, since 2009
Member, Action Asia, since 2009
Patron, Stallion College for Engineering and Technology, Chhutmalpur, Saharanpur, India since 2010
Member, Gandhi Serve Foundation, Germany since 2010
Member, National Executive, Indian Language Newspapers Association (ILNA), India, between 2010 and 2012
Patron, Ruminations –a bi-annual international journal for analysis and research in humanities and social sciences , India since 2010
Member, Executive Council, Uttarakhand Sanskrit University, Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India, between 2011 and 2013
Patron, The EDUQUEST –a bi-annually international-refereed journal in Education , JKC, Purulia, West Bengal, India since 2012
Member, Advisory Board to Techno LEARN –a bi-annually international journal of educational technology , New Delhi, India since 2012
Patron, LM Institute of Technology and Management, Lucknow, India since 2012
Member Academic Council and the Coordinator for international affairs, Shridhar University (Rajasthan), India, between 2012 and 2017
Founder Director, Institute of Indology and Oriental Studies, Shridhar University (Rajasthan), India since 2012
Coordinator for international relations for the universities and institutions of higher studies and research under the Baise-Chumphon and Krabi Sister’s Cities Projects, between 2012 and 2017
The Ombudsman, Swami Vivekananda Subharati University, Meerut (UP), India and 17 other institutions along, since 2013
Chairman of the Committee for Classification of Affiliated Colleges with the Uttrakhand Sanskrit University, Haridwar, 2013
Patron, International Centre of Nonviolence (ICON), Sydney, Australia since 2013
Patron, The Ashram Gandhi Puri, Bali, Indonesia since 2014
Patron, Adi Shankara Vedanta Pratishthanam, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India since 2015
Advisor/Council Head and Convener, Gandhi Peace Foundation, Kathmandu, Nepal since 2018
Member Advisory Board of Acid Survivors & Women Welfare Foundation –ASWWF, India since 2019
Awards
1993: Meerut Ratna
1998: Nirala Smriti Samman
2001: Padma Shri for Literature and Education
2003: Shan-I-Kaum
2004: Shantidoot
2005: Ambassador for Peace
2006: Sardar Patel National Award
2008: Master of Wisdom
2010: Peace Messenger
2010: Peace Envoy
2012: Soham Smarkam Award of Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan
2012: The Buddha Ratna
2013: Uttar Pradesh Ratna
2013: D. LIT. (Honoris Causa)
2013: Samaj Ratna
2014: The Gandhi Ratna
2014: Shiksha Ratna
2014: Gandhi Shiksha Ratna
2015: Sardar Patel Ratna
2015: SREIT Lifetime Achievement Award
2016: Vidyavachaspati
2017: Shivkumar Shastri Smriti Samman along with Hindi Bhasha Bhushan
2017: Madyanirodhan Samman –the highest honour of Kerala Hindi Sahitya Academy
2018: Gandhi Peace Honour
2018: Bharat Gaurav * 2020: Buddhist Humanitarian Award. * 2020: Gandhi Nobel Peace Award. * 2021: Country's Pride
References
External links
World Security Network
World Peace Movement
The Danish Peace Academy
Articles By Dr. Kumar
https://ravindrakumar.org
https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=879137459606926778#allposts
1959 births
Living people
People from Muzaffarnagar district
Indian political scientists
Indian magazine editors
Writers from Uttar Pradesh
Indian columnists
Indian Indologists
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
20th-century Indian biographers
Scientists from Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian educational theorists
Indian political writers
20th-century Indian non-fiction writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ravindra%20Kumar%20%28political%20scientist%29
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The Torture of Silence () is a 1917 French silent drama film directed by Abel Gance.
Cast
Emmy Lynn as Manon Berliac
Firmin Gémier as Emile Berliac
Armand Tallier as François Rolland
Anthony Gildès as Jean
Paul Vermoyal as Jean Dormis
Gaston Modot
Antonin Carène
Antonin Artaud
Reception
Like many American films of the time, the French film The Torture of Silence was subject to cuts by city and state film censorship boards. The Chicago Board of Censors issued an Adults Only permit and required a cut in reel 2 of the last scene with the nude boy with sex visible.
References
External links
1917 films
1917 drama films
Silent French drama films
1910s French-language films
French silent feature films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Abel Gance
1910s French films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Torture%20of%20Silence
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Robots of the United States include simple household robots such as Roomba to sophisticated autonomous aircraft such as the MQ-9 Reaper that cost 18 million dollars per unit. The first industrial robot, robot company, and exoskeletons as well as the first dynamically balancing, organic, and nanoscale robots originate from the United States.
History
In 1898 Nikola Tesla publicly demonstrated a radio-controlled torpedo. Based on patents for "teleautomation", Tesla hoped to develop it into a weapon system for the US Navy.
In 1926, Westinghouse Electric Corporation created Televox, the first robot put to useful work. In the 1930s, they created a humanoid robot known as Elektro for exhibition purposes, including the 1939 and 1940 World's Fairs.
Unimate was the first industrial robot,
which worked on a General Motors assembly line in New Jersey in 1961.
It was created by George Devol in the 1950s using his original patents. Devol, together with Joseph F. Engelberger started Unimation, the world's first robot manufacturing company.
In 2008 the U.S. Air Force 174th Fighter Wing transitioned from F-16 piloted planes to MQ-9 Reaper drones, which are capable remote controlled or autonomous flight, becoming the first all-robot attack squadron.
Modern robots
Domestic
PatrolBot a configurable guide/delivery/surveillance robot
Roomba a vacuum cleaner
Scooba a floor washer
Looj a rain gutter cleaner
Entertainment
iRobot Create
Extraterrestrial
ATHLETE lunar rover
Mars Exploration Rover
Medical
Da Vinci Surgical System
Military (offensive/multi-role)
Aerial
MQ-8 Fire Scout
MQ-9 Reaper
Terrestrial
Black Knight tank
Gladiator
MarkV-A1
MULE / XM1219
PackBot / SUGV
TALON
Military (non-offensive)
Aerial
RQ-4 Global Hawk
RQ-7 Shadow
RQ-14 Dragon Eye
Terrestrial
ACER
Battlefield Extraction-Assist Robot
BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
Crusher
Dragon Runner
MATILDA
Nanoscale
New York University walking DNA robot Smallest Robot: Science Videos - Science News - ScienCentral
Walker
BigDog dynamically balancing quadruped
Anybots Dexter, the first dynamically balancing biped
Timberjack Walking Machine logger
Non-autonomous (human operated)
These machines are human operated and not autonomous. Therefore, they do fit the classical description of a robot.
Exoskeleton
Berkeley Lower Extremity Exoskeleton
Sarcos/Raytheon XOS Exoskeleton, currently the most advanced exoskeleton, research for the XOS is funded by DARPA and NIST for use in the military and to "replace the wheelchair".
Military
MQ-1 Predator
Research
Tufts University morphing chemical robot Tufts to develop morphing 'chemical robots'
Software
Microsoft Robotics Studio - .NET based
VxWorks - operating system, notably used by ASIMO
Robot App Store - Apps for every robot
American robotics companies
Anybots
Barrett Technology
Berkshire Grey
Bluefin Robotics
Boston Dynamics
Brooks Automation
Cobalt Robotics
Cobot Nation
Diligent Robotics
Energid Technologies
Evolution Robotics
Fetch Robotics
Foster-Miller
Harvest Automation
Hydroid
Intuitive Surgical
iRobot
Kiva Systems
Locus Robotics
Mitsubishi Electric Automation - Robotics
Myomo (myoelectric prosthetics)
Rethink Robotics
Savioke
Vecna Robotics
Vishwa Robotics
Willow Garage
See also
Japanese robotics
Robots in warfare
Shadow Hand British Robotics company
Underwater robot
Drone
Terminator, movie about and artificial intelligence
References
External links
http://www.shadowrobot.com/
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20robotics
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Government Majid Memorial City College is a college in Khulna, Bangladesh. The institute was established in the middle of the 19th century. It is beside the Khan Jahan Ali Road, near the "Royal er mor". It is a combined college offering 11th and 12th grades in three major subjects: science, commerce, and arts.
References
Universities and colleges in Bangladesh
Education in Khulna
Educational institutions of Khulna District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20Majid%20Memorial%20City%20College
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Leptoxis carinata, common name the crested mudalia, is a species of freshwater snail with an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusc in the family Pleuroceridae.
Shell description
Leptoxis carinata has a strong globose shell, with highly variable sculpture. In various creeks and rivers throughout its range, populations may be found with spiral cords, a single carina or keel, variously developed, or lacking sculpture.
Distribution
This species occurs in unpolluted large creeks and high-gradient rivers in the Atlantic drainages of the United States, from New York to North Carolina.
Ecology
Habitat
Leptoxis carinata is found in high-gradient streams, generally in the faster flowing riffles and drops, where it clings firmly to large stones and bedrock exposures.
Life cycle
Leptoxis carinata is semelparous biennial.
This species, unlike softer shelled physid snails, grows very slowly, and has the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (this means that populations grow very slowly), along with Elimia virginica, in this environment.
References
Further reading
Stewart T. W. & Garcia J. E. (2002). "Environmental Factors Causing Local Variation in Density and Biomass of the Snail Leptoxis carinata, in Fishpond Creek, Virginia". American Midland Naturalist 148(1) 172–180. JSTOR.
Pleuroceridae
Gastropods described in 1792
Taxa named by Jean Guillaume Bruguière
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptoxis%20carinata
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Roberta Metsola (; née Tedesco Triccas; born 18 January 1979) is a Maltese politician. A member of Malta's Nationalist Party (PN) and the European People's Party (EPP), she has been serving as president of the European Parliament since January 2022.
Metsola was first elected to as a member of the European Parliament (MEP) in 2013, and became the First Vice-President of the European Parliament in November 2020. Following the death of the incumbent president David Sassoli, Metsola was elected as president of the European Parliament on 18 January 2022, becoming the youngest ever president, the first Maltese person to hold the office, and the first female president since 2002.
Biography
The Tedesco Triccas family stems from Swieqi, near St. Julian's, Malta, and she grew up with her father Geoffrey (son of Emmanuel Tedesco and Helen Triccas Dimech), her mother Rita (daughter of Carmelo Bezzina and Francesca Briffa), and her two sisters, Ann and Lisa, in Gżira. She studied at St Joseph School in Sliema, St Aloysius' College sixth form, graduated in law from the University of Malta in 2003, and obtained a diploma in European studies from the College of Europe in Bruges in 2004.
Tedesco Triccas and her Finnish husband Ukko Metsola (National Coalition Party) met in 1999 and married in Rabat, Malta, on 1 October 2005. Together, they have four sons: Luca Matias (born 2007), Alec Emil (born 2008), Marc (born 2012), and Kristian (born 2016). As members of the European People's Party (EPP), they both ran for the 2009 European Parliament election, becoming the first married couple to run in the same European Parliament election from two different member states.
Tedesco Triccas has been active since youth within Malta's Nationalist Party (PN), serving within the party's international secretariat and volunteering with the PN's election arm ELCOM. In her student years, she formed part of the SDM (Studenti Demokristjani Maltin), KNZ (The National Youth Council), and MŻPN (Moviment Żgħażagħ Partit Nazzjonalista), before being elected as Secretary General of the European Democrat Students (EDS), the student branch of the EPP, as well as to posts within the European Youth Forum (YFJ).
In 2002, at the age of 23, Tedesco Triccas was elected as one of the two vice-presidents of the executive board of the Youth Convention on the Future of Europe. The following year, she actively campaigned with the PN for a Yes vote in the 2003 Maltese European Union membership referendum. Following her engagement in the European Union referendum campaign, the 25-year-old Tedesco Triccas was encouraged, by Malta's then prime minister Lawrence Gonzi, to run for the 2004 European Parlaiment election in Malta as a candidate for the PN. She was not elected. In October 2004, she joined the Permanent Representation of Malta to the EU in Brussels, headed by Richard Cachia Caruana, where she worked for eight years as legal and judicial cooperation attaché, also participating for Malta in the negotiations of the Lisbon Treaty and working on files like the set-up of the European Asylum Support Office in Malta.
Metsola ran again for the 2009 European Parliament election in Malta for the PN, without being elected. In 2013–2014, she briefly served as legal advisor to the High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Catherine Ashton.
Member of the European Parliament
On 24 April 2013, Metsola successfully contested the casual election to fill the vacated seat of Simon Busuttil, becoming one of Malta's first female members of the European Parliament (MEPs). In the European Parliament, she sits as a member of the European People's Party Group (EPP).
Following her re-election at the 2014 European Parliament election in Malta, Metsola was elected as a vice-chair of the Committee on Petitions (PETI) in July 2014. In addition, she served as a member of a number of committees and delegations. She also joined the parliamentary intergroup on children's rights. Metsola was further re-elected at the 2019 European Parliament election in Malta; in this legislature, she closely followed the party line, voting together with the EPP delegation in over 90% of the cases.
In 2014, Metsola led the EPP representation in the Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs (LIBE) in the work on the non-binding EU roadmap against homophobia and discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation and gender identity, whose rapporteur was European Green Party MEP Ulrike Lunacek. She was the parliament's rapporteur on the European Border and Coastguard Regulation in 2019 and was co-rapporteur on an anti-SLAPP report in 2021. Metsola also co-authored a non-binding report on the European migrant crisis in 2016, aimed at establishing a "binding and mandatory legislative approach" on resettlement and new EU-wide readmission agreements, which should take precedence over bilateral ones between EU and non-EU countries.
From 2016 until 2017, Metsola was part of the Parliament's Committee of Inquiry into Money Laundering, Tax Avoidance and Tax Evasion (PANA) that investigated the Panama Papers revelations and tax avoidance schemes more broadly. Within LIBE, where she chaired the EPP representation between January 2017 and 2020, she has been part of the Rule of Law Monitoring Group (ROLMG) since 2018.
In 2019, during the controversies following the murder of Daphne Caruana Galizia, Metsola famously refused to shake hands with Malta's then prime minister Joseph Muscat at a meeting with the MEPS from Malta. She wrote: "If he thinks he can try to brush off responsibility he is sorely mistaken. Get out now, before you do irreparable damage to the country." In 2020, Metsola considered contesting the leadership of the PN but decided against it. She stated: "Some ceilings need a few more cracks before they can be smashed through." The post was later filled by Bernard Grech.
In October 2020, in the discussion in LIBE on a parliamentary resolution on "the rule of law and fundamental rights in Bulgaria", Metsola tabled amendments, on behalf of the EPP, which were widely interpreted as shielding Bulgaria's EPP government from criticism, including by proposing to remove references to Venice Commission findings and to the misuse of EU funds and high-level corruption allegations directly involving the then prime minister Boyko Borisov. Other amendments, which she later withdrew, also alleged that a gambling boss had been financing the 2020–2021 Bulgarian protests. This caused outrage in Bulgaria, leading to Metsola's social media accounts being flooded by protest messages, including threats and misogyny. The EPP amendments were finally defeated, and the resolution was adopted as it had been originally proposed.
In November 2020, Metsola was elected as First Vice-President of the European Parliament, replacing Mairead McGuinness, who had become European Commissioner. She was the first Maltese MEP to become a vice-president.
President of the European Parliament
In November 2021, Metsola was chosen as EPP candidate to succeed David Sassoli as president of the European Parliament on the expiry of his term as president in January 2022. Sassoli had been hospitalised with pneumonia in September 2021, and in December announced that he would not seek a second term as president, making Metsola his likely successor. Following further hospitalisation, Sassoli died on 11 January 2022, one week before the end of his term. On Sassoli's death, Metsola became the acting president of the European Parliament.
On 18 January 2022, on her 43rd birthday, Metsola was elected president of the European Parliament for a two-and-a-half-year term. She was elected in the first round of voting, receiving an absolute majority of 458 votes out of the 690 cast. As the candidate of the EPP, she was also supported by the S&D and Renew Europe parliamentary groups, after the three groups reached an agreement on the election of the president and the vice-presidents and legislative priorities for the second half of the European Parliament's term. On her election, Metsola became the youngest ever president, the first Maltese person to hold the office, and the first woman president since 2002 and only third woman president ever. She made a statement days after being present as Belgian police searched the residence of Greek MEP Eva Kaili in the widening Qatar corruption scandal at the European Parliament over alleged corruption, money laundering, and other offenses in relation to possible schemes of Qatar, Morocco, NGOs, and the FIFA World Cup.
On 21 May 2023, Metsola participated in the European Moldova National Assembly together with President of Moldova Maia Sandu. This was a massive pro-European rally in the Moldovan capital Chișinău with tens of thousands of participants. Metsola gave rally participants a message during her speech: ("Europe is Moldova! Moldova is Europe!").
Metsola has called for strengthening the powers of the European Parliament.
Anti-abortion views
Metsola had consistently voted for anti-abortion resolutions. From the beginning of her tenure, she faced questions over her opposition to abortion, which is legal in every EU member state, except Malta and Poland. In a 2015 press release, she and fellow Maltese MEPs declared that they were "categorically against abortion". On her election as president of the European Parliament, she stated that during her tenure she would represent the European Parliament's position, which recognises safe access to abortion as a human right.
Other activities
Wilfried Martens Centre for European Studies, member of the Executive Board
Friends of Europe, member of the Board of Trustees (since 2020)
Honours
Recipient of the First Class of the Order of Princess Olga
United Transitional Cabinet of Belarus
Cross of Good Neighbourhood
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from St. Julian's, Malta
Presidents of the European Parliament
MEPs for Malta 2009–2014
MEPs for Malta 2014–2019
MEPs for Malta 2019–2024
Nationalist Party (Malta) MEPs
Women MEPs for Malta
University of Malta alumni
20th-century Maltese women politicians
20th-century Maltese politicians
21st-century Maltese lawyers
21st-century Maltese women politicians
21st-century Maltese politicians
Articles containing video clips
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta%20Metsola
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Magnus Birgersson, better known by his stage name Solar Fields, is a Swedish electronic music artist. As of 2014, he has released fifteen albums, and has also scored all interactive in-game music for the Electronic Arts game Mirror's Edge as well as its reboot sequel, Mirror's Edge Catalyst. His latest album, Formations, was released in November 2022.
Biography
Gothenburg-based Swedish composer, sound designer, and multi-instrumentalist Magnus Birgersson created Solar Fields in the late 1990s.
Birgersson was raised in a musical family and began playing piano and synthesizers in the 1970s. In the mid-1980s he began combining synthesizers with computers. In addition to his ambient work, he has also been a guitar player in rock bands, a pianist in jazz funk bands, and keyboard player in drum and bass bands."
He has collaborated with Vincent Villuis, a.k.a. AES Dana, on H.U.V.A. Network and T.S.R. in the company of Daniel Segerstad and Johannes Hedberg from Carbon Based Lifeforms.
Under the moniker Solar Fields he composed 15 albums and appeared on over 60 various compilations. His first solo release was an ambient album named Reflective Frequencies, released on Ultimae in 2001. This was followed two years later by Blue Moon Station, which also included downtempo and trance, and was designed as a single fluid story. In late 2005, Solar Fields composed Leaving Home and Extended.
His fifth album EarthShine, launched in 2007, featured more upbeat soundscapes blending morning trance, progressive, psychedelic, tribal and ambient music. This led to Electronic Arts and DICE commissioning Solar Fields for the in-game score for Mirror's Edge, a first-person action adventure video game released worldwide in November 2008.
The following year, Solar Fields composed Movements. The album Movements was also used as the soundtrack for the indie game Capsized from Alientrap in 2011. In 2010, he used the harmonies and melodies of Movements in a remix album titled Altered - Second Movements and started the Origin series, four albums which aim to present archives and unreleased songs. Until We Meet the Sky and Random Friday were composed in parallel.
In 2013, he released the second album in the Origin series, Origin #02. He released his demo song "Cluster" later that year. His song "Pulse", along with a remix of it by Airwave, was released in June 2014 by Joof Recordings. In July 2014, he released the compilations Red, Green and Blue (collectively known as R.G.B.), featuring remasters, remixes and alternate versions of previously released tracks. In September 2015, it was announced by DICE and Birgersson that he was creating the in-game score of Mirror's Edge: Catalyst. In March 2018, his album Ourdom was released. In June 2019, he released the third album in the Origin series, Origin#03. In November 2019, he released his first EP, Undiscovered Stories. In August 2020, he hosted a live stream in collaboration with Messed!Up Magazine called Studio Jupiter Live Session, and on September 4, 2020, he released an album under the same name. Solar Fields released the follow-up to Ourdom In November 2022, via his own label droneform records. Titled Formations.
Discography
Studio albums
Reflective Frequencies (2001)
Blue Moon Station (2003)
Extended (2005)
Leaving Home (2005)
EarthShine (2007)
Movements (2009)
Altered – Second Movements (2010)
Until We Meet the Sky (2011)
Random Friday (2012)
Ourdom (2018)
Formations (2022)
Origin Series
Origin#01 (2010)
Origin#02 (2013)
Origin#03 (2019)
EPs
Undiscovered Stories (2019)
Versions (2022)
Live Albums
Studio Jupiter Live Session (2020)
Compilations
Red (2014)
Green (2014)
Blue (2014)
Soundtracks
2009: Mirror's Edge
2016: Mirror's Edge Catalyst
Collaborations
GTCHI97 (1996) (with Carbon Based Lifeforms as TSR)
Fusion (1998) (with Carbon Based Lifeforms as TSR)
Distances (2004) (with AES Dana as H.U.V.A. Network)
Ephemeris (2009) (with AES Dana as H.U.V.A. Network)
Live at Glastonbury Festival (2010) (with AES Dana as H.U.V.A. Network)
Ägget (2013) (with Carbon Based Lifeforms as TSR)
References
External links
Interview on originalsoundversion.com
Swedish musical groups
Swedish electronic musicians
Swedish composers
Video game composers
Living people
Musical groups established in 2001
Male composers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Ultimae Records artists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20Fields
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Barberousse is a 1917 silent French film directed by Abel Gance.
Cast
Léon Mathot as Trively
Émile Keppens as Gesmus
Maud Richard as Odette Trively
Germaine Pelisse as Pauline
Yvonne Briey
Henri Maillard
Doriani
Paul Vermoyal
References
External links
1917 films
1910s French-language films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Abel Gance
French silent feature films
1910s French films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barberousse
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Harvest Moon DS: Grand Bazaar, known in Japan as , is a simulation role-playing video game released on December 18, 2008 by Marvelous Interactive in Japan, and released on August 24, 2010 by Natsume Inc. in North America. It was released in Europe on September 30, 2011 by Rising Star Games. The game is the nineteenth game in the Story of Seasons series and the fifth game in the series for the Nintendo DS.
Reception
The game received "average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. In Japan, Famitsu gave it a score of two sevens and two eights for a total of 30 out of 40.
References
External links
2008 video games
Story of Seasons games
Natsume Inc. games
Nintendo DS games
Nintendo DS-only games
Role-playing video games
Multiplayer online games
Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games with gender-selectable protagonists
Rising Star Games games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvest%20Moon%20DS%3A%20Grand%20Bazaar
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The historical trends in voter turnout in the United States presidential elections have been determined by the gradual expansion of voting rights from the initial restriction to white male property owners aged 21 or older in the early years of the country's independence to all citizens aged 18 or older in the mid-20th century. Voter turnout in United States presidential elections has historically been higher than the turnout for midterm elections.
Approximately 240 million people were eligible to vote in the 2020 presidential election and roughly 66.1% of them submitted ballots, totaling about 158 million. Biden received about 81 million votes, Trump about 74 million votes, and other candidates (including Jo Jorgensen and Howie Hawkins) a combined approximately 3 million votes.
History of voter turnout
Early 19th century: Universal white male suffrage
The gradual expansion of the right to vote from only property-owning men to including all white men over 21 was an important movement in the period from 1800 to 1830. Older states with property restrictions dropped them, namely all but Rhode Island, Virginia and North Carolina by the mid-1820s. No new states had property qualifications, although three had adopted tax-paying qualificationsOhio, Louisiana and Mississippi, of which only in Louisiana were these significant and long-lasting. The process was peaceful and widely supported, except in Rhode Island. In Rhode Island, the Dorr Rebellion of the 1840s demonstrated that the demand for equal suffrage was broad and strong, although the subsequent reform included a significant property requirement for any resident born outside of the United States. However, free black men lost voting rights in several states during this period.
The fact that a man was now legally allowed to vote did not necessarily mean he routinely voted. He had to be pulled to the polls, which became the most important role of the local parties. These parties systematically sought out potential voters and brought them to the polls. Voter turnout soared during the 1830s, reaching about 80% of the adult male population in the 1840 presidential election. Tax-paying qualifications remained in only five states by 1860Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, Delaware and North Carolina.
Another innovative strategy for increasing voter participation and input followed. Prior to the presidential election of 1832, the Anti-Masonic Party conducted the nation's first presidential nominating convention. Held in Baltimore, Maryland, September 26–28, 1831, it transformed the process by which political parties select their presidential and vice-presidential candidates.
1870s: African American male suffrage
The passage of the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution in 1870 gave African American men the right to vote. While this historic expansion of rights resulted in significant increases in the eligible voting population and may have contributed to the increases in the proportion of votes cast for president as a percentage of the total population during the 1870s, there does not seem to have been a significant long-term increase in the percentage of eligible voters who turn out for the poll. The disenfranchisement of most African Americans and many poor whites in the South during the years 1890–1910 likely contributed to the decline in overall voter turnout percentages during those years visible in the chart below.
Early 1920s: Women's suffrage
There was no systematic collection of voter turnout data by gender at a national level before 1964, but smaller local studies indicate a low turnout among female voters in the years following women's suffrage in the United States. For example, a 1924 study of voter turnout in Chicago found that "female Chicagoans were far less likely to have visited the polls on Election Day than were men in both the 1920 presidential election (46% vs. 75%) and the 1923 mayoral contest (35% vs. 63%)." The study compared reasons given by male and female non-voters and found that female non-voters were more likely to cite general indifference to politics and ignorance or timidity regarding elections than male non-voters, and that female voter were less likely to cite fear of loss of business or wages. Most significantly, however, 11% of female non-voters in the survey cited a "Disbelief in woman's voting" as the reason they did not vote.
The graph of voter turnout percentages shows a dramatic decline in turnout over the first two decades of the twentieth century, ending in 1920 when the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granted women the right to vote across the United States. But in the preceding decades, several states had passed laws supporting women's suffrage. Women were granted the right to vote in Wyoming in 1869, before the territory had become a full state in the union. In 1889, when the Wyoming constitution was drafted in preparation for statehood, it included women's suffrage. Thus Wyoming was also the first full state to grant women the right to vote. In 1893, Colorado was the first state to amend an existing constitution in order to grant women the right to vote, and several other states followed, including Utah and Idaho in 1896, Washington State in 1910, California in 1911, Oregon, Kansas, and Arizona in 1912, Alaska and Illinois in 1913, Montana and Nevada in 1914, New York in 1917; Michigan, South Dakota, and Oklahoma in 1918. Each of these suffrage laws expanded the body of eligible voters, and because women were less likely to vote than men, each of these expansions created a decline in voter turnout rates, culminating with the extremely low turnouts in the 1920 and 1924 elections after the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment.
This voting gender gap waned throughout the middle decades of the twentieth century.
Age, education, and income
Age, income, and educational attainment are significant factors affecting voter turnout. Educational attainment is perhaps the best predictor of voter turnout, and in the 2008 election, those holding advanced degrees were three times more likely to vote than those with less than high school education. Income correlated well with the likelihood of voting as well. The income correlation may be because of a correlation between income and educational attainment, rather than a direct effect of income.
Age
The age difference is associated with youth voter turnout.
Some argue that "age is an important factor in understanding voting blocs and differences" on various issues. Others argue that young people are typically "plagued" by political apathy and thus do not have strong political opinions. As strong political opinions may be considered one of the reasons behind voting, political apathy among young people is arguably a predictor for low voter turnout. One study found that potential young voters are more willing to commit to voting when they see pictures of younger candidates running for elections/office or voting for other candidates, surmising that young Americans are "voting at higher and similar rates to other Americans when there is a candidate under the age of 35 years running". As such, since most candidates running for office are pervasively over the age of 35 years, youth may not be actively voting in these elections because of a lack of representation or visibility in the political process.
Recent decades have seen increasing concern over the fact that youth voter turnout is consistently lower than turnout among older generations. Several programs to increase the rates of voting among young peoplesuch as MTV's "Rock the Vote" (founded in 1990) and the "Vote or Die" initiative (starting in 2004)may have marginally increased turnouts of those between the ages of 18 and 25 to vote. However, the Stanford Social Innovation Review found no evidence of a decline in youth voter turnout. In fact, they argue that "Millennials are turning out at similar rates to the previous two generations when they face their first elections."
Education
Education is another factor considered to have a major impact on voter turnout rates.
A study by Burman investigated the relationship between formal education levels and voter turnout. This study demonstrated the effect of rising enrollment in college education circa 1980s, which resulted in an increase in voter turnout. However, "this was not true for political knowledge"; a rise in education levels did not have any impact in identifying those with political knowledge (a signifier of civic engagement) until the 1980s election, when college education became a distinguishing factor in identifying civic participation. This article poses a multifaceted perspective on the effect of education levels on voter turnout. Based on this article, one may surmise that education has become a more powerful predictor of civic participation, discriminating more between voters and non-voters. However, this was not true for political knowledge; education levels were not a signifier of political knowledge. Gallego (2010) also contends that voter turnout tends to be higher in localities where voting mechanisms have been established and are easy to operate – i.e. voter turnout and participation tends to be high in instances where registration has been initiated by the state and the number of electoral parties is small.
One may contend that ease of accessand not education levelmay be an indicator of voting behavior. Presumably larger, more urban cities will have greater budgets/resources/infrastructure dedicated to elections, which is why youth may have higher turnout rates in those cities versus more rural areas. Though youth in larger (that is, urban) cities tend to be more educated than those in rural areas (Marcus & Krupnick, 2017), perhaps there is an external variable (i.e. election infrastructure) at play. Smith and Tolbert's (2005) research reiterates that the presence of ballot initiatives and portals within a state have a positive effect on voter turnout. Another correlated finding in his study (Snyder, 2011) was that education is less important as a predictor of voter turnout in states than tend to spend more on education. Moreover, Snyder's (2011) research suggests that students are more likely to vote than non-students. It may be surmised that an increase of state investment in electoral infrastructure facilitates and education policy and programs results in increase voter turnout among youth.
Income
Wealthier people tend to vote at higher rates.
Harder and Krosnick (2008) contend that some of the reasons for this may be due to "differences in motivation or ability (sometimes both)" (Harder and Krosnick, 2008), or that less wealthy people have less energy, time, or resources to allot towards voting. Another potential reason may be that wealthier people believe that they have more at stake if they don't vote than those with less resources or income.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs might also help explain this hypothesis from a psychological perspective. If those with low income are struggling to meet the basic survival needs of food, water, safety, etc., they will not be motivated enough to reach the final stages of "Esteem" or "Self-actualization" needs (Maslow, 1943) – which consist of the desire for dignity, respect, prestige and realizing personal potential, respectively.
Gender gap
Since 1980, the voting gender gap has completely reversed, with a higher proportion of women voting than men in each of the last nine presidential elections. The Center for American Women and Politics summarizes how this trend can be measured differently both in terms of proportion of voters to non-voters, and in terms of the bulk number of votes cast.
"In every presidential election since 1980, the proportion of eligible female adults who voted has exceeded the proportion of eligible male adults who voted [...]. In all presidential elections prior to 1980, the voter turnout rate for women was lower than the rate for men. The number of female voters has exceeded the number of male voters in every presidential election since 1969..." This gender gap has been a determining factor in several recent presidential elections, as women have been consistently about 15% more likely to support the candidate of the Democratic Party than the Republican candidate in each election since 1996.
Race and ethnicity
Race and ethnicity has had an effect on voter turnout in recent years, with data from recent elections such as 2008 showing much lower turnout among people identifying as Hispanic or Asian ethnicity than other voters (see chart to the right). One factor impacting voter turnout of African Americans is that, as of the 2000 election, 13% of African American males are reportedly ineligible to vote nationwide because of a prior felony conviction; in certain states – Florida, Alabama, and Mississippi – disenfranchisement rates for African American males in the 2000 election were around 30%.
Other eligibility factors
Another factor influencing statistics on voter turnout is the percentage of the country's voting-age population who are ineligible to vote due to non-citizen status or prior felony convictions. In a 2001 article in the American Political Science Review, Michael P. McDonald and Samuel Popkin argued, that at least in the United States, voter turnout since 1972 has not actually declined when calculated for those eligible to vote, what they term the voting-eligible population. In 1972, noncitizens and ineligible felons (depending on state law) constituted about 2% of the voting-age population. By 2004, ineligible voters constituted nearly 10%. Ineligible voters are not evenly distributed across the country, roughly 15% of California's voting-age population is ineligible to vote – which confounds comparisons of states.
Turnout statistics
The following table shows the available data on turnout for the voting-age population (VAP, all residents of voting age, including those not allowed to vote) and voting-eligible population (VEP, VAP minus non-citizens, felons [in some states], and mentally incapacitated citizens) since 1936.
Note: The Bipartisan Policy Center has stated that turnout for 2012 was 57.5 percent of the voting-age population (VAP), which they claim was a decline from 2008. They estimate that as a percent of eligible voters, turnout was: 2000, 54.2%; in 2004 60.4%; 2008 62.3%; and 2012 57.5%.
The BPC 2012 vote count is low because their document was written just after the 2012 election, before final counts were in. Their voting-eligible population (VEP) does not include adjustments for felons (see p.13). The United States Elections Project, by Michael McDonald calculates VEP including citizenship and adjustments for felons. The site's data on turnout as percentage of eligible voters (VEP), is slightly higher and similar to BPC: 2000 55.3%, 2004 60.7%, 2008 62.2%, 2012 58.6%. McDonald's voter turnout data for 2016 is 60.1% and 50% for 2018.
Later analysis by the University of California, Santa Barbara's American Presidency Project found that there were 235,248,000 people of voting age in the United States in the 2012 election, resulting in 2012 voting age population (VAP) turnout of 54.9%. The total increase in VAP between 2008 and 2012 (5,300,000) was the smallest increase since 1964, bucking the modern average of 8,000,000–13,000,000 per cycle.
See also
Voter turnout
Voter registration in the United States
References
Further reading
Berman, D. and Johnson, R. (2000). Age, ambition, and the local charter: a study in voting behavior. The Social Science Journal, 37(1), pp. 19–26.
Gallego, A. (2010). Understanding unequal turnout: Education and voting in comparative perspective. Electoral Studies, 29(2), pp. 239–248.
Gershman, C. (2018). Democracy and Democracies in Crisis. Retrieved from ; also at https://isnblog.ethz.ch/politics/democracy-and-democracies-in-crisis
Harder, J. and Krosnick, J. (2008). Why Do People Vote? A Psychological Analysis of the Causes of Voter Turnout. Journal of Social Issues, 64(3), pp. 525–549.
Marcus, J., & Krupnick, M. (2017). The Rural Higher-Education Crisis. The Atlantic.
Maslow, A. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), pp. 370–396.
McDonald, Michael, United States Elections Project, http://www.electproject.org/home
Munsey, C. (2008). Why do we vote ?. American Psychological Association.
Snyder, R. (2011). The impact of age, education, political knowledge and political context on voter turnout. UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, And Capstones.
Struyk, R. (2017). The Democratic Party has an age problem. CNN. [Accessed June 9, 2018].
The Economist (2014). Why young people don't vote. [Accessed June 9, 2018].
External links
"National Turnout Rates, 1787-2018" (United States Election Project)
"How .vote Domains Can Help Increase Voter Turnout?"
United States presidential elections statistics
Voting in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter%20turnout%20in%20United%20States%20presidential%20elections
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Tone was a bi-monthly magazine combining coverage of technological developments in New Zealand and from around the world with reviews on the latest consumer products available in New Zealand.
History and profile
It was Parkside Media's third magazine, following NZ Classic Car and NZ Performance Car. Tone was started in 1999. Until issue 32, the magazine was bi-monthly. A change was made to monthly, but as of issue 73 (November/December 2008), it returned to bi-monthly.
Tone'''s offices were in Grey Lynn, Auckland, New Zealand. The magazine ceased publication in December 2011.
Masthead designTone's logo featured a small coloured triangle. Internally this was called 'Jerry'. Jerry changes colour each issue to match the cover design. Version 2 of the logo appeared in issue 32 when the magazine changed to monthly. Version 3 of the logo appeared in issue 44. Version 4 of the logo appeared in issue 67 and changed the tagline to Gadgets | Hi-fi | Home theatre, from Technology to change your life''.
Magazine contents
As of the November/December 2008 issue, the typical magazine contents included:
News
Toneworld (short product overviews)
Reviews (detailed product tests)
Entertainment (CD, DVD, game reviews)
Readers' letters
Contributor columns
Feature stories (event reviews, technical tips and tricks, how-to articles, company overviews)
References
External links
Parkside Media website
Bi-monthly magazines
Defunct magazines published in New Zealand
Magazines established in 1999
Magazines disestablished in 2011
Mass media in Auckland
Monthly magazines published in New Zealand
New Zealand news websites
Science and technology magazines
Technology websites
1999 establishments in New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tone%20%28magazine%29
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The accession of Croatia to NATO took place in 2009. The country entered into Partnership for Peace in 2000, which began the process of accession into the alliance. It received an invitation to join at the 2008 Bucharest summit and became a full member on April 1, 2009.
History
Croatia's first relations with NATO were established in 1953. That year Yugoslavia entered into the Balkan Pact, a loose military alliance with Greece and Turkey, then both recent NATO members.
Croatia had considered holding a referendum on NATO membership. On March 23, 2007, the Croatian president Stjepan Mesić, Prime Minister Ivo Sanader and President of parliament Vladimir Šeks declared that the Croatian constitution does not require a referendum on this issue. In 2006 the Croatian government was planning to start a media campaign to promote the benefits of membership. In February 2008 a project named Bolje pakt nego rat was formed by Transparency International Croatia and iDEMO, and financed by the United States embassy in Croatia, in order to promote the NATO membership through public discussions about its benefits.
A May 2007 poll commissioned by the government showed that NATO membership was backed by 52% of the population, and 25% was against. On January 4, 2008, Croatian Prime minister Ivo Sanader reached a coalition agreement with partners from HSS and HSLS to form a new government. According to a provision of the said agreement Croatia's entry into NATO would not be decided on a referendum. Less than 20 days before entering NATO, Prime Minister Sanader stated: "I will forget that some people had requested a referendum. Had we started that adventure, we wouldn't have accomplished this."
Croatia has been a member of the International Security Assistance Force in Afghanistan since December 12, 2002. In 2003 Croatia joined the Adriatic Charter along with other NATO aspirants. In November, 2006 the State Committee for the Membership of Croatia in NATO was established, with Croatian president Stjepan Mesić serving as committee president, and speaker Vladimir Šeks and prime minister Ivo Sanader serving as its vice-presidents. In June, 2007 the Croatian Parliament and the NATO parliamentary Assembly held a three-day conference in Dubrovnik entitled "Southeast Europe: Unfinished business", to discuss security and political issues in the region. The Noble Midas 07 NATO exercise held in Croatia in October, 2007 was the first time in the alliance's history that it held a military exercise in a non-member country. Croatia hosted an unofficial meeting of defense ministers on NATO's role in southeastern Europe in March, 2009.
On January 1, 2008 Croatia abandoned military conscription and finished its transition to a fully professional army. The Armed Forces of the Republic of Croatia expects that it will join the NATO-led Kosovo Force (KFOR) in 2009. With Croatia's accession to the alliance, it has become more likely that the country will leave the Non-Aligned Movement. The Croatian minister of foreign affairs Gordan Jandroković was invited to the movement's 15th Conference, held in Iran in July, 2008. Instead of a high-level delegate, the Croatian ambassador to Iran, Esad Prohić, served as Croatian representative.
Negotiation progress
See also
Foreign relations of Croatia
2013 enlargement of the European Union
Accession of Albania to NATO
References
External links
Croatian mission to NATO
NATO relations
Foreign relations of Croatia
Croatia and NATO
Modern history of Croatia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93NATO%20relations
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The Zone of Death () is a 1917 silent French lost film directed by Abel Gance.
Cast
Andrée Brabant
Julien Clément (as Clément)
Anthony Gildès
Andrée Lionel
Léon Mathot
Gaston Modot
Georges Paulais
Paul Vermoyal
References
External links
1917 films
1910s French-language films
French silent feature films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Abel Gance
1910s French films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Zone%20of%20Death
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Zone of Death may refer to
Death zone, in mountaineering, a deadly altitude above
The Zone of Death, a lost French film from 1917
Zone of Death (Yellowstone), an anomalous legal zone in Yellowstone National Park
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone%20of%20Death
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Knights in White Satin is a 1976 album composed, produced and performed by Giorgio Moroder.
Side A of the album is a continuous three part suite, consisting of a disco version of the Moody Blues' 1967 hit "Nights in White Satin", with a Moroder/Bellotte composition called "In the Middle of the Knight" acting as the second (middle) section. The composition is typical of the disco era in that it covers an entire LP side, but atypical as it is quite slow, only 110bpm, and not what was usually considered the standard at the time, which was 120bpm.
The primary bass line figure used in the "Knights in White Satin" track was re-used, at a faster tempo and with additional delay effects, in "Chase", recorded for Moroder's 1978 soundtrack of Alan Parker's film, Midnight Express.
Track listing
Side 1
"Knights in White Satin" (Justin Hayward) - 4:48
"In the Middle of the Knight" (Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte) - 5:15
"Knights in White Satin" (Justin Hayward) - 5:06
Side 2
"Oh, l'amour" (Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte) - 5:45
"Sooner or Later" (Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte) - 5:36
"I Wanna Funk with You Tonite" (Giorgio Moroder, Pete Bellotte) - 5:24
2011 CD Bonus Tracks
"Let The Music Play" (Single Version) - 3:39
"Oh L'Amour" (Single Version) - 5:20
"I Wanna Funk With You Tonite" (Single Version) - 3:54
"Knights In White Satin" (Single Version) - 3:52
Charts
References
Giorgio Moroder albums
1976 albums
Albums produced by Giorgio Moroder
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knights%20in%20White%20Satin
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Alan Grigsby Sues (March 7, 1926 – December 1, 2011) was an American actor and comedian widely known for his roles on the 1968–1973 television series Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In.
Sues's on-screen persona was campy and outrageous. Typical of his humor was a skit that found him following a pair of whiskey-drinking cowboys to a Wild West bar and requesting a frozen daiquiri. His recurring characters on the program included "Big Al the Sportscaster", "Uncle Al the Kiddies' Pal", and "Jo Anne Worley", after Worley left the show.
Early life
Alan Grigsby Sues was born on March 7, 1926, in Ross, California, to Alice (née Murray) and Melvyn Sues, who raised racehorses, requiring the family to move frequently. He served in the U.S. Army in Europe during World War II.
Career
Sues used his GI Bill benefits to pay for acting lessons at the Pasadena Playhouse, where he performed, later making his Broadway debut in the stage play Tea and Sympathy, directed by Elia Kazan, which had a successful run in New York City beginning in 1953. During this period, he met and married Phyllis Gehrig, a dancer and actress, subsequently starting a vaudevillian nightclub act in Manhattan — with which they toured North America before divorcing in 1958.
After touring the country with his wife, he got more work in stand-up comedy (at Reuben Bleu and Blue Angel, both clubs in Manhattan), worked with Julius Monk, and joined an improv/sketch group with The Mad Show, which led to his being cast in Laugh-In. Outside of Laugh-In, he appeared in the classic Twilight Zone episode "The Masks", in a non-comedic role. He also had supporting roles in the films Move Over, Darling (1963) and The Americanization of Emily (1964).
After Laugh-In, Sues portrayed Professor Moriarty onstage in Sherlock Holmes (opposite John Wood, and later Leonard Nimoy), which, according to Alan, was "one of my favorite roles, because it's so against type, and I loved the makeup". The makeup for Moriarty was used in several books about makeup as an example of shadowing and technique. Sues appeared in television commercials for Peter Pan Peanut Butter during the 1970s, as a tongue-in-cheek, klutzy Peter Pan. He toured with Singin' in the Rain, playing the Elocution Instructor. He also appeared in several movies, and provided voiceovers including Oh! Heavenly Dog and Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July.
During the 1970s, Sues appeared as a celebrity guest on some popular game shows of the era, including The Movie Game, Celebrity Sweepstakes, The Cross-Wits and Liar's Club.
Later years and death
Sues appeared in the short films Lord of the Road (1999) and Artificially Speaking (2009), the latter making its premiere at the 2009 Dances With Films festival in Los Angeles.
In 2008, fifty years after their divorce, Sues and his former wife, Phyllis, conducted a lengthy interview at his home for her website.
Sues died on December 1, 2011, at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, where he was taken after suffering an apparent heart attack while watching television with his beloved dog, Doris, according to his partner and accountant, Michael Michaud.
Stage
Tea and Sympathy (1953–1955) — Ralph
Happy Birthday (1956)
The Mad Show (1966–1967) Off-Broadway
Good News (1972) — Kenley Players (Ohio)
The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1974–1976) — Professor Moriarty
The Three Musketeers (1976)
Singin' in the Rain (national tour 1995–1999) — Director/elocutionist
Two for the Show (1998–2000) — One-man stage show, multiple characters
Filmography
Films
Move Over, Darling (1963) — Court Clerk
The Wheeler Dealers (1963) - Whitby
The Americanization of Emily (1964) — Officer Enright
Raggedy Ann and Andy: A Musical Adventure (1977) — Sir Leonard Looney (voice)
Oh! Heavenly Dog (1980) — Freddie
The Reluctant Dragon (1981) — The Dragon (voice)
Snowballing (AKA Smooth Moves) (1984) — Roy
A Bucket of Blood (1995) — Art Buyer
Lord of the Road (1999)
Artificially Speaking (2009) — Sparky Schlosser
Television
The Twilight Zone (episode: "The Masks"; 1964) — Wilfred Harper, Jr.
The Wild Wild West (1965) — Matt Dawson
The Doris Day Show (episode: "The Relatives;" 1968) - Edgar
Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In (1968–1972) — Regular performer
Rudolph and Frosty's Christmas in July (1979) — Scratcher the jealous Reindeer (voice)
The Brady Brides (episode: "Cool Hand Phil"; 1981) — Duke
Punky Brewster (episode: "Tangled Web"; 1987) — Andre Sockstein
Sabrina, the Teenage Witch (episode: "Good Will Haunting"; 1998) — Bellevuedere
Sues also appeared in two episodes of "Love, American Style".
References
External links
1926 births
2011 deaths
American male comedians
American male film actors
American male television actors
American sketch comedians
American LGBT artists
People from Ross, California
Male actors from the San Francisco Bay Area
United States Army personnel of World War II
American gay actors
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
21st-century American LGBT people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Sues
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Doudou Gouirand (born April 28, 1940) is a French jazz saxophonist and composer.
Early career
Gouirand was living in Sweden when he met the great trumpeter and composer Don Cherry, who gave him the opportunity to study and work with him in Sweden and Scandinavia and eventually throughout Europe. This experience developed Gouirand's interest in and knowledge of Indian and African music, and World music in general. Cherry's interest in Ornette Coleman led Gouirand to become interested in improvised music as well.
Working with Cherry gave Gouirand the opportunity to meet J. M’Bizo Dyani, Okay Temiz, Trilok Gurtu, Djaya-Deva, Bobo Stenson, and Palle Danielsson, some of whom he worked with later in his career. This musical experience and his Latin and Mediterranean roots inspired Gouirand to meld his Mediterranean culture with contemporary jazz.
When Gouirand returned to France in the late 1970s, he worked for a period of time with Okay Temiz's "Oriental Wind" and Brazilian singer-songwriters Teca and Ricardo.
Recording and composing
Gouirand then began to compose and record regularly, first for JAM. His first album, Islands (1981), featured Chris Mc Gregor on piano. In 1982, Gouirand appeared on Dyani's album Grand Mother's Teaching, a selection of music with jazz and South African roots.
The albums Mouvements Naturels (1982) and Chanting & Dancing (1985) were recorded with his new group World Music Company, and feature Pierre Dorge, Johnny Dyani, Sangoma Everett and Cheikh Tidiane Fall. Gouirand recorded Forgotten Tales (VDS/52° rue, 1986), an album of original material which features Don Cherry. This record was re-issued in November 2000 by Great Winds/Musea.
During the following years, Gouirand explored new directions with Space (VDS/52° rue), a trio album with Mal Waldron on piano and Michel Marre on trumpet, then La Nuit de Wounded Knee (Blue Line, 1990) with Bobo Stenson, Aldo Romano
and Palle Danielsson—dedicated to native Americans, and Le Matin d'un Fauve (AA/WMD, 1994) again with Mal Waldron and Michel Marre.
With the very successful Nino Rota/Fellini album (Deux Z/Harmonia Mundi, 1995), acclaimed arrangement and composition work done around Nino Rota's film music, he explored a more European and typically Mediterranean idiom, while keeping a lot of improvisation. Between 1996 and 1998, he toured in France and Switzerland with "Third Dimension", a trio with Mal Waldron and vocalist Jeanne Lee. The group did not release any recordings. His album Passages (June 1999, distributed by Harmonia Mundi) features Rita Marcotulli, JJ Avenel, J. Allouche, plus Elise Caron (vocals) and Kevin Davy (trumpet).
Gouirand has presented a number of special projects, including one based on the compositions of Nino Rota, a project built around Lapland music with singer Inga Yuuso, and various works with African musicians.
Recent activities
Les Saisons du Paradis, an ode to Provence with original music and texts from Jean Giono, was produced in 2000-2002.
Associated improvisers Garrigues-Sahel, a stage project including traditional African musicians and French jazz improvisers in September 1999, led to the 2000 record project Les Racines du Ciel (BMG, May 2002), with the subsequent stage group "Indigo Song".
In 2006 he issued a record with the group "Aumja", an attempt to mix creative aspects from Indian and Mediterranean music which included a set of new personal compositions. The group was co-led with sitar player Brigitte Menon.
In 2007, he published Boleros, a project that was prepared a year in advance and recorded on his second trip to Santiago de Cuba, where he blends his saxophone with the traditional and modern Bolero and Nueva Trova.
Gouirand has performed extensively in concert and at festivals in France and worldwide with Don Cherry, Mal Waldron, Jeanne Lee, J. M’Bizo Dyani, Pierre Dorge, Palle Danielsson, Bobo Stenson, Aldo Romano, and also with Paul Bley, Jim Pepper, Dino Saluzzi, and Lester Bowie.
Selected discography
Islands (1981), with Chris Mc Gregor, Michel Benita, J.C. Montredon and Lelle Kullgren
Mouvements naturels (1982), with Johny Dyani, M. Benita, JC Montredon, Merzak Mouthana, Pierre Dorge
Chanting & Dancing (1985), live with J. Dyani, Pierre Dorge, Sangoma Everett, Cheikh Tidiane Fall
Space (1985) with Mal Waldron and Michel Marre (VDS/52e rue Est), CD VDS/Media 7 (1987)
La nuit de Wounded Knee (1990), with Bobo Stenson, Palle Danielsson, Aldo Romano (Blue Line)
Nino Rota/Fellini (1995, Deux Z), in collaboration with Gérard Pansanel
Le Matin d’un Fauve (1995, AA records), with Mal Waldron and Michel Marre
Passages (1999, Deux Z), with Rita Marcotulli, Jean-Jacques Avenel, Joël Allouche, Kevin Davy and Elise Caron
Indigo Song - Les Racines du Ciel (2002, RDC/Plume/BMG), with Cheikh Tidiane Seck, Baptiste Trotignon, G. Pansanel, Hadja Kouyate, Yakhouba Sissoko, Ali Boulo Santo, Moriba Koita, A. Wague, S. Everett, J.J. Avenel, Kevin Davy, Pinise Saul, Pibo Marques, Marcia Escoffery, Samir Toukour
Mythologies (2006), with Brigitte Menon and Aumja (DOM Disques)
Boleros (2007), recorded in Santiago de Cuba.
References
External links
Aumja Homepage
Jazz alto saxophonists
Jazz soprano saxophonists
French jazz composers
Male jazz composers
French jazz saxophonists
Male saxophonists
1940 births
Living people
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century French male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doudou%20Gouirand
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James Ellis (2 October 1829 – 1901) was a British Liberal Party politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1885 to 1892.
Early life
Ellis was born in Glenfield, Leicestershire, the son of Joseph Ellis and his wife Hannah Shipley, daughter of John Shipley. He was educated at the schools of the Society of Friends (Quakers). He was a merchant and owner of granite quarries. He was chairman of Leicester School Board.
Political career
By 1881 Ellis had been elected as Chairman of South Leicestershire Liberal Association He was Liberal candidate for Bosworth at the 1885 general election and was returned as Member of Parliament. On 25 June 1888 he announced he would be standing down at the next election at a meeting of the Bosworth Divisional Liberal Association in Hinckley Ellis was described as a Gladstonian Liberal by inclination. He continued held the seat until the 1892 election.
Family
Ellis married in 1855 Louisa Burgess daughter of Thomas Burgess of Wigston Grange, Leicestershire.
References
External links
1829 births
1901 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1885–1886
UK MPs 1886–1892
People from Glenfield, Leicestershire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Ellis%20%28British%20politician%29
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William Kerr (died 1814) was a Scottish gardener and plant hunter, the first Western professional full-time plant collector active in China. He also collected in Java and Luzon in the Philippines. Among the plants he sent back to Kew Gardens was the vigorous shrub, at first cosseted in greenhouses, named in his honour, Kerria.
Kerr sent back to Britain examples of 238 plants new to European gardeners and to science, without, it appears, stirring far from the European trading sites of Canton and Macao, or Manila.
A native of Hawick in the Scottish Borders, he was a gardener at Kew, where he was noted by Sir Joseph Banks, and, following instruction by Banks, sent to China in 1804. He remained eight years. Kerr's finds, discovered in local Chinese gardens and plant nurseries, included Euonymus japonicus, Lilium lancifolium, Pieris japonica, Nandina domestica, Begonia grandis and the white-flowered Rosa banksiae, named for his patron's wife.
Sent to Colombo, Ceylon in 1812, to be superintendent of gardens on Slave Island and at King's House, he died there in 1814, unable "to prosecute his work in consequence of some evil habits he had contracted, as unfortunate as they were new to him," as a notice in The Chinese Repository reported some time after his premature death, apparently alluding to opium addiction.
Notes
19th-century Scottish botanists
1814 deaths
Year of birth missing
Scottish expatriates in China
Place of birth missing
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Kerr%20%28gardener%29
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The Tenth Symphony () is a 1918 silent French drama film directed by Abel Gance.
Plot
Rich orphan Eve Dinant has fallen under the spell of the charming but evil Fred Rice. She becomes his mistress and he induces her to murder his sister. She rapidly understands that she cannot go on living with such a despicable man and decides to leave him. She gives him money to buy his silence.
A couple of years later, she meets the famous composer Enric Damor and they get married. Enric's daughter, Claire, meets by chance Fred and falls in love with him. With Enric's approval, Fred proposes marriage and comes frequently to visit his fiancée. Eve is determined not to let Fred marry Claire and, as he refuses to listen to her, she tells her husband that the wedding must not take place. Enric does not understand his wife's behaviour and when Fred let him find a letter sent by Claire to him, he asks her whether she is in love with Fred. Rather than confessing her past, Eve tells him that she does love him.
Enric is flabbergasted when he hears about his wife's betrayal, but he sublimates his sufferings to create a masterpiece, his Tenth Symphony, on the theme of Women's betrayal. Fred offers Eve not to marry Claire if she comes back to him. She accepts and he writes a curt breakup letter to his fiancée. Enric is devastated with his wife's absence and Claire goes to Fred's house, determined to take revenge and have Eve come back. She threatens him with a gun but Eve tries to dissuade her from killing him. While they are arguing, Fred draws his own gun and after pointing it at them, turns it against himself and shoots himself. Eve tells Claire how she had shot Fred's sister in the same room. Eve can now go back to Enric, her true love.
Cast
Séverin-Mars as Composer Enric Damor
Jean Toulout as Frederic 'Fred' Ryce
Emmy Lynn as Eve Dinant
Ariane Hugon as Dancer
André Lefaur as Marquis de Groix St-Blaise
Elizabeth Nizan as Claire Damor
Production
This film was produced by the production company Le Film d'Art in 1917. Because of the war, it was only released in November 1918.
References
External links
1918 films
1918 drama films
Silent French drama films
1910s French-language films
French silent feature films
French black-and-white films
Films directed by Abel Gance
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Tenth%20Symphony
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Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite (OMPS), is a suite of instruments built by Ball Aerospace that measure the global distribution of ozone and, less frequently, how it is distributed vertically within the stratosphere. The suite flies on the Suomi NPP and NOAA-20 (formerly JPSS-1) satellites along with several other instruments. It had been intended to also fly on the NPOESS, for which the NPP was a preparatory project, but the dissolution of that project was announced in 2010. OMPS launched on October 28, 2011.
The three components of the suite are Nadir, which looks straight down, Limb, which looks down at an angle, and the Main Electronics Box (MEB), which controls Nadir, Limb and communication. Nadir and Limb are on the Suomi NPP, while the MEB is on NOAA-20. Nadir itself has two spectrometers: a profiler and a mapper. It is included on NOAA-21 (JPSS-2), which was launched on November 10, 2022.
OMPS weighs 56 kilograms and runs on an average power of 85 Watts.
See also
Polar Operational Environmental Satellites
Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer
SBUV/2
References
External links
OMPS page on the Ball Aerospace website
Data-stream from OMPS at NASA's EarthData
Ozone depletion
Atmospheric sounding satellite sensors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone%20Mapping%20and%20Profiler%20Suite
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Eirini Georgatou (; born 1 February 1990) is a Greek former tennis player.
On 16 May 2011, she reached her career-high singles ranking of 176. Her highest doubles ranking of 171 she achieved on 31 January 2011. Most of her success came in tournaments in Greece, Israel, Turkey, and Uzbekistan.
In September 2010, she qualified for her first WTA Tour event, in Tashkent, Uzbekistan. She won three qualifying matches in straight sets, and then lost to second-seeded and hometown favorite Akgul Amanmuradova in the first round of the main draw. She played doubles with Russian partner Elena Bovina, and they reached the quarterfinals before falling 9–11 in the third set super tiebreaker to fourth-seeded Maria Kondratieva of Russia and Sophie Lefèvre of France.
Fed Cup
In February 2011, she represented Greece in Group One Euro/African Zone of the fed cup which took place in Eilat, Israel. In the round-robin stage on 2 February 2011, she won over Jelena Pandžić from Croatia (2–6, 6–1, 6–4), and with the Greek Eleni Daniilidou, she beat Ani Mijacika and Silvia Njiric in the doubles, 6–3, 2–6, 6–2, and completed 3–0 win of Greece over Croatia. On 3 February 2011 she lost to Patricia Mayr-Achleitner (6–4, 3–6, 3–6), and lost with Despina Papamichail to Melanie Klaffner and Sandra Klemenschits whom represented Austria. On 4 February 2011, she lost to Olga Govortsova 2–6, 3–6. In the relegation round against Denmark, on 5 February 2011, she defeated Karen Barbat 6–1, 7–6(2) in singles, and in the doubles with Eleni Daniilidou, she defeated Danish double Mai Grage and Caroline Wozniacki, 6–2, 7–5. This win made sure Greece will stay in Group 1 of the Fed cup.
ITF Circuit finals
Singles: 8 (5 titles, 3 runner-ups)
Doubles: 5 (2 titles, 3 runner-ups)
References
External links
Living people
Greek female tennis players
1990 births
Sportspeople from Athens
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eirini%20Georgatou
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The Roman Bridge at Saint-Thibéry () was a Roman bridge on the Via Domitia in southern France. The partly surviving structure crossed the river Hérault in Saint-Thibéry, east of Béziers.
Construction
The ancient bridge had nine arches with spans of 10–12 m. The roadway rested on wide piers, which were protected on both sides by arched floodways and large cutwaters. The original length of the structure is estimated as , its road width as 4 m. The missing spans are known to have been destroyed by a flood some time before 1536.
The remaining arches, with a span to rise ratio of 3.3:1 (115°) or more, show a visibly flatter profile than the semi-circular arches usually preferred by Roman engineers (180°). The rib thickness varies between one-tenth to one-twentieth of the span, corresponding to a common ratio also observed at a number of other Roman stone bridges. The structure is dated to the reign of emperor Augustus (). Immediately upstream an old water mill and its millrace is located.
See also
List of Roman bridges
Roman architecture
Roman engineering
References
Sources
External links
Traianus – Technical investigation of Roman public works
Roman bridges in France
Roman segmental arch bridges
Deck arch bridges
Stone bridges in France
Buildings and structures in Hérault
Transport in Occitania (administrative region)
Tourist attractions in Hérault
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Bridge%20%28Saint-Thib%C3%A9ry%29
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The Plot to Kill Hitler is a 1990 television film based on the July 20 plot by German High Command to kill Adolf Hitler in 1944. Brad Davis stars as Colonel Claus Schenk Graf von Stauffenberg, who plants a bomb in the conference room of the Führer's headquarters in East Prussia.
Plot summary
Led by Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, several German High Command officers plan to assassinate Adolf Hitler and take control of the German government, with the ultimate intention of surrendering their country to the Allies. Stauffenberg manages to plant a bomb, hidden in his briefcase, in Hitler's battlefield headquarters. By sheer luck, Heinz Brandt unwittingly moves the briefcase slightly, and Hitler survives the subsequent blast. In the final hours of July 20, 1944, Stauffenberg, Lieutenant Werner von Haeften, General Friedrich Olbricht, Ludwig Beck, and Colonel Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim are arrested and tried. Beck commits suicide, and the rest are taken to be executed. Stauffenberg declares "Long live the sacred Germany!" before being killed, and the others are also killed beside him within seconds.
Cast
Brad Davis as Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg
Madolyn Smith as Nina von Stauffenberg
Ian Richardson as General Ludwig Beck
Kenneth Colley as Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel
Michael Byrne as General Friedrich Olbricht
Helmut Lohner as General Friedrich Fromm
Jonathan Hyde as Dr. Joseph Goebbels
Rupert Graves as Axel von dem Bussche
Helmut Griem as Field Marshal Erwin Rommel
Mike Gwilym as Adolf Hitler
Vernon Dobtcheff as General Erich Fellgiebel
Christoph Eichhorn as General Helmuth Stieff
Michael Fitzegerald as Major Ernst John von Freyend
Jack Hedley as General Adolf Heusinger
Heather Chasen as The Baroness
Burkhard Heyl as Colonel Albrecht Mertz von Quirnheim
Timothy Watson as Major Ernst Remer
Production
The movie was filmed in the United States and Zagreb, Yugoslavia.
External links
1990 films
American World War II films
Films about the 20 July plot
Films set in Berlin
Films shot in Croatia
Films shot in Yugoslavia
Films directed by Lawrence Schiller
The Wolper Organization films
Cultural depictions of Erwin Rommel
Films scored by Laurence Rosenthal
CBS network films
1990s English-language films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Plot%20to%20Kill%20Hitler
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Immanuel Medical Center is a hospital located in Omaha, Nebraska. It is part of CHI Health.
History
In 1879, Erik Alfred Fogelstrom came to Nebraska to serve the Swedish population in Omaha as pastor of Immanuel Lutheran Church. On October 8, 1887, Fogelstrom and others organized the Evangelical Lutheran Immanuel Association for Works for Charity. In December 1890, the hospital was completed and the first four deaconesses began their work at the hospital.
The community's needs outpaced the first hospital, located at 36th and Meredith, and a new hospital was opened in 1910 in the same area. The original building became the Nazareth Home, which served people who were elderly and those who had severe disabilities. The need for hospital beds continued to grow and a third hospital was opened on the 36th and Meredith site in 1926. The first two buildings were remodeled and services for the elderly and those with disabilities were expanded. During the 1950s there was a period of growth and reconstruction, and a six-story hospital wing doubled the size of the hospital.
Planning for the current Immanuel Medical Center began in the early 1960s when it became apparent that, in order to meet its healthcare commitments, Immanuel would have to expand. The present site at 72nd and Sorensen Parkway was purchased in 1966. The new Immanuel Medical Center opened on June 29, 1974. Recognizing the benefits of alliances in healthcare, Bergan Mercy Health System and Immanuel Medical Center came together to form Alegent Health (now CHI Health) in June 1996.
See also
Hospitals in Omaha, Nebraska
References
Hospital buildings completed in 1892
Hospital buildings completed in 1910
Hospital buildings completed in 1926
Hospital buildings completed in 1974
Hospitals in Omaha, Nebraska
Swedish-American history
Hospitals established in 1890
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel%20Medical%20Center
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The Pittsburgh Lyceum Club, or Pittsburgh Lyceum, was a professional ice hockey team based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It was a member of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League from 1907 to 1908 and played all of its games at Duquesne Garden.
History
After the WPHL was revived for the 1907–08 season, it was determined that two new teams would be needed so that the league could return to its four-team format. That season, the Pittsburgh Pirates and the Lyceum entered the league. During its brief time in the WPHL, the Lyceum team included several notable players such as Jack Marks, Tommy Smith and Garnet Sixsmith. Marks, however, only played in three games for the Lyceum before he jumped to the Ontario Professional Hockey League (OPHL), eventually playing in the Toronto Professional Hockey Club's Stanley Cup challenge. Meanwhile, Sixsmith reportedly scored eleven goals in a game in Pittsburgh, which was considered to be a record for Duquesne Garden. Lyceum player Tommy Smith was later inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame. In its first year of play, the Lyceum posted an 11–5–1 record, earning second place in the standings.
Unable to rely on a stable line-up, due to the number of league players changing contracts, the Lyceum was forced to fold on December 23, 1908. The WPHL then discontinued after the 1908–09 season.
The broader Lyceum organization, which continued to exist as a multi-sport club, formed another hockey team for the winter of 1920–21 and placed it in the Pittsburgh Amateur Hockey League. The team tied for third in the six-team league with a 4–5 record.
Prominent players
Members of the Hockey Hall of Fame who played for the Lyceum:
Tommy Smith
References
Lyceum
Defunct ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania
Lyceum
Lyceum
1907 establishments in Pennsylvania
1908 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Ice hockey clubs established in 1907
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pittsburgh%20Lyceum
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The American Future: A History is a four-part documentary series written and presented by Simon Schama which aired on BBC Two in the UK during October 2008, in the run up to the 2008 US presidential election. The first episode was broadcast on BBC Two at 9:00pm on 10 October 2008, and it was shown over four consecutive Fridays.
The series saw Schama travelling through the United States as he investigated the conflicts from its past in order to understand the country's contemporary political situation. Schama presents and discusses both presidential candidates, Democrat Barack Obama and Republican John McCain, from a historical point of view, emphasizing strongly the former. The documentary takes the viewer on an epic journey through the history of the modern United States, but it also reveals why Schama personally believed Barack Obama would be the ideal choice as the next president of the United States.
Episodes
International broadcast
In the United States and Australia, this programme aired with the re-worked title, The American Future: A History By Simon Schama:
US viewers saw all four episodes combined into two parts on BBC America at 8pm ET/PT from 19 January until 20 January 2009.
Australian viewers saw these episodes in their original four parts on ABC1 each Thursday at 9:30pm from 27 May until 17 June 2010.
References
External links
The American Future at the BBC AMERICA
BBC television documentaries about history during the 18th and 19th centuries
2008 British television series debuts
2008 British television series endings
2000s British documentary television series
English-language television shows
Documentaries about historical events
Television series about the history of the United States
British travel television series
BBC television documentaries about history during the 20th Century
BBC television documentaries about history during the 21st Century
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20American%20Future%3A%20A%20History
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Earl Marin Foreman (March 29, 1924 – January 23, 2017) was an American lawyer and sports executive.
Foreman practiced law in the District of Columbia. He was the owner of the short-lived Washington Whips professional soccer club of the NASL and a minority owner of the Baltimore Bullets franchise in the National Basketball Association. He was owner of the Washington Caps/Virginia Squires of the American Basketball Association. At one time, he also owned an interest in the Philadelphia Eagles of the National Football League.
Early life
Born in Baltimore, Maryland. Foreman served in the United States Army during World War II and was a medic. He graduated from University of Maryland and University of Maryland School of Law.
Basketball
He, along with Abe Pollin and real estate investor/former NBA referee Arnold Heft purchased the then-Baltimore Bullets from Dave Trager for $1.1 million on November 23, 1964.
On August 29, 1969, Foreman, with Thomas Shaheen and Louis Diamond, purchased the Oakland Oaks professional basketball team in the American Basketball Association. The group inherited a championship-caliber nucleus led by Rick Barry, whom Foreman called "the hottest attraction in basketball." The franchise also was heavily indebted, however, a situation that would haunt the team until its demise in 1976 just prior to the ABA–NBA merger.
Foreman and his two co-owners paid $2.6 million for the team and moved it to Washington, D.C. where it became the Washington Caps for the 1969–1970 ABA season. The Caps brought on Al Bianchi as head coach and finished that season with a record of 44–40, good for third place in the Western Division. The Caps lost in the first round of the 1970 ABA Playoffs to the Denver Rockets, 4 games to 3.
For the 1970–71 season, Foreman moved the Caps to Virginia and the team became the Virginia Squires. Strapped for cash due to debts, the Squires traded Warren Armstrong to the Kentucky Colonels for a draft pick and cash, and sold Barry to the New York Nets for $250,000. The Squires finished in first place in the Eastern Division with a 55–29 record. In the 1971 ABA Playoffs, the Squires defeated the New York Nets 4 games to 2 in the first round, but lost the Eastern Division Finals to the Kentucky Colonels 4 games to 2. With the conclusion of the season, on April 6, 1971, the Squires signed future star Julius Erving to a 4-year, $500,000 contract.
The Squires finished the 1971–72 season with a record of 45–39, good for second place in the Eastern Division. The Squires defeated The Floridians 4 games to 0 in the first round of the 1972 ABA Playoffs but then lost the full seven-game Eastern Division Finals to the New York Nets 4 games to 3. In this season, Johnny Kerr joined the team as administrative vice president.
The Squires finished the 1972–73 season with a 42–42 record which put them in third place in the Eastern Division. The Squires lost in the 1973 Eastern Division Semifinals 4 games to 1 to the Kentucky Colonels despite Erving's outstanding play. At the conclusion of the season Foreman added George Gervin to the Squires' roster, putting two future Hall of Famers on the same team.
In August 1973, Foreman, again motivated by the Squires' indebtedness, traded Erving and Willie Sojourner to the New York Nets for George Carter, the rights to Kermit Washington and $1 million. Discussing his sales and trades of the Squires' best players, Foreman said, "It's not a pleasant thing to hear, but I did what I had to do out of necessity. This is not a public utility. I can't ask for a fare increase when things go bad." The Squires signed center Swen Nater but then sold Nater to the San Antonio Spurs for a draft pick and $300,000. Just after Gervin played in the 1974 ABA All-Star Game (which the Squires hosted), it was announced that Foreman had sold Gervin to the San Antonio Spurs for $225,000. Legal action ensued and Gervin ended up with the Spurs.
By this point, the constant selling off of the team's star players had a major effect on the Squires' dwindling fan base. The team finished the 1973–74 season with a record of 28–56 which was good for fourth place in the Eastern Division, but the Squires lost in the first round of the 1973 ABA Playoffs to the New York Nets, 4 games to 1.
During the ensuing off season Barry Parkhill of the Squires, angry about bouncing paychecks, filed suit against Foreman, the Squires and the ABA for $24,000 in back pay and $360,000 for anticipated breach of contract. Jack Ankerson became the Squires' General Manager. The ABA then purchased the Squires franchise. In its last two years, the debt-ridden Squires finished 15–69 both seasons, the worst records in ABA history, and failed to make the playoffs. The team came to an end on May 11, 1976 after its failure to pay a $75,000 league assessment. Because of that, the Squires were not a part of the ABA–NBA merger that took place just weeks later.
Soccer
In 1977 through 1978, Foreman was instrumental in creating the Major Indoor Soccer League. Foreman was commissioner of the MISL from 1978 to 1985, and again in 1989.
Personal
Earl Foreman died on January 23, 2017. He was survived by his wife, Phyllis (who was the older sister of Ed Snider) and their sons, Scott, Ronald, and Stuart.
References
1924 births
2017 deaths
Lawyers from Baltimore
University System of Maryland alumni
University of Maryland Francis King Carey School of Law alumni
Military personnel from Baltimore
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
American soccer chairmen and investors
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992)
Oakland Oaks executives
Virginia Squires executives
Washington Caps
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) executives
Washington Whips
Major Indoor Soccer League (1978–1992) commissioners
20th-century American lawyers
United States Army personnel of World War II
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Foreman
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Richard Mansfield Bilby (May 29, 1931 – August 11, 1998) was a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona.
Education and career
Born on May 29, 1931, in Tucson, Arizona, Bilby served in the United States Army as a Corporal from 1952 to 1954. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1955 from the University of Arizona and a Juris Doctor in 1958 from the University of Michigan Law School. He was a law clerk for Judge Richard Harvey Chambers of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit from 1958 to 1959. He was in private practice in Tucson from 1959 to 1979.
Federal judicial service
Unsuccessful Court of Appeals nomination by Ford
Bilby was nominated to the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, to a seat being vacated by Judge Richard Harvey Chambers, by President Gerald Ford on August 3, 1976. However, the Senate never voted on his nomination and it expired with the end of the Congressional session.
District Court nomination by Carter
Bilby was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on June 5, 1979, to a seat on the United States District Court for the District of Arizona vacated by Judge William C. Frey. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on September 25, 1979, and received his commission on September 26, 1979. He served as Chief Judge from 1984 to 1990. He assumed senior status on May 29, 1996. His service terminated on August 11, 1998, due to his death.
Notable case
While a judge, Bilby probably was most known for having presided over the 1992 case against Charles Keating.
Death
A lifelong resident of Tucson, Bilby died on August 11, 1998, while walking his dog near his summer home in Flagstaff, Arizona.
Personal
Bilby was survived by his wife, Elizabeth Thomas Bilby, and two daughters from a previous marriage that ended in divorce. Bilby's brother, Kenneth W. Bilby, was an executive vice president at RCA for many years.
See also
Gerald Ford judicial appointment controversies
References
Sources
1931 births
1998 deaths
Judges of the United States District Court for the District of Arizona
United States district court judges appointed by Jimmy Carter
20th-century American judges
University of Michigan Law School alumni
University of Arizona alumni
Arizona lawyers
United States Army officers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bilby
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St. Mary's College was a Catholic institution established by William Byrne and George Elder in Elder's hometown of Hardin's Creek near Lebanon in Marion County, Kentucky. The community was later renamed "St. Mary" after the college. St. Mary's is now closed. It operated between 1821 and 1976. Before it closed, it was the third oldest operating Catholic college for boys in the nation.
The St. Mary's College Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Historic district
The "St. Mary's College Historic District" is a historic district which included 12 contributing buildings.
Notable alumni
Clement S. Hill, U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
Ben Johnson, U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
Elisha Standiford, U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
William Thomas Ward, Union Army General and U.S. Congressman from Kentucky
Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, American Cardinal of the Catholic Church, served as Archbishop of Chicago from 1982 to 1996
Martin John Spalding, Bishop of Louisville (1850–1864) and Archbishop of Baltimore (1864–1872)
John Lancaster Spalding, the first bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Peoria from 1877 to 1908
Augustus Hill Garland, 11th Governor of Arkansas and Attorney General of the United States
Thomas James Churchill, Confederate major general during the American Civil War and the 13th Governor of the state of Arkansas
Stanislaus P. La Lumiere, President of Marquette University
See also
List of Jesuit sites
References
The Catholic Encyclopedia. "William Byrne".
Lewis, Alvin Fayette. History of Higher Education in Kentucky. G.P.O., 1899.
Lmunet.edu "St. Mary's College".
Johnson, E. Polk. A History of Kentucky and Kentuckians: The Leaders and Representative Men in Commerce, Industry, and Modern Activities, pp. 627 ff. Lewis Publishing Company, 1912. Accessed 10 November 2008.
External links
Fordham University
1821 establishments in Kentucky
1976 disestablishments in Kentucky
Catholic universities and colleges in Kentucky
Defunct Catholic universities and colleges in the United States
Defunct private universities and colleges in Kentucky
Educational institutions established in 1821
Educational institutions disestablished in 1976
Education in Marion County, Kentucky
Federal architecture in Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Marion County, Kentucky
Victorian architecture in Kentucky
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mary%27s%20College%20%28Kentucky%29
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Baazi Kiski is a game show on Zee TV channel which premiered on 2 September 2001. The game show is hosted by popular villain actor Ashutosh Rana, and involves a gender-war between men and women for a total cash prize of Rs 21,000 per contestant. The show replaced Zee TV's game show Sawaal Dus Crore Ka, which did not meet audiences expectations.
Overview
The show revolves around the concept of gender battle between 'men vs. women'. It comprised 5 rounds starting with the elimination round; hence the process of eliminating the participant (man or woman) until that participant get to face each other on a one-to-one basis. The game show contains a buzzer round and prizes being given away in cash. Besides offering the cash prize, there are other prizes that are offered in the game, such as refrigerators, cars and television sets.
Rating
Baazi Kiski was a fairly successful series, usually finishing in the top 16 shows for the weeks in which it aired. Despite not getting the desired TRPs, the show managed to cling the title of the best rated programme among the 16 programmes that were launched simultaneously by Zee TV channel in prime time. In fact, the show was at No 2 among all the game shows on all Indian networks that aired in the year 2001. The following are the list of game shows on various Indian television networks that Baazi Kiski was compared to:
††Source: TAM Peoplemeter, September 2001
References
External links
News Article on Apunkachoice.com
Baazi Kiski News Article by Sunday Tribune
2001 Indian television series debuts
Indian game shows
Zee TV original programming
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baazi%20Kiski
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The Chinese Repository was a periodical published in Canton between May 1832 and 1851 to inform Protestant missionaries working in Asia about the history and culture of China, of current events, and documents. The world's first major journal of Sinology, it was the brainchild of Elijah Coleman Bridgman, the first American Protestant missionary appointed to China. Bridgman served as its editor until he left for Shanghai in 1847, but continued to contribute articles. James Granger Bridgman succeeded him as editor, until September 1848, when Samuel Wells Williams took charge.
References
Further reading
External links
See online editions that can be downloaded at no cost
The Chinese Repository, Bibliotheca Sinica, University of Vienna. Includes listing of the volumes available online.
Magazines published in China
Christian magazines
English-language magazines
Defunct magazines published in China
Magazines established in 1832
Magazines disestablished in 1851
Protestant missionaries in China
Sinology
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chinese%20Repository
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The Operational Land Imager (OLI) is a remote sensing instrument aboard Landsat 8, built by Ball Aerospace & Technologies. Landsat 8 is the successor to Landsat 7 and was launched on February 11, 2013.
OLI is a push broom scanner that uses a four-mirror telescope with fixed mirrors.
Overview and mission
OLI operates alongside TIRS (Thermal Infrared Sensor) on board the LDCM. The build and design of OLI differs from previous generations of instruments, while still maintaining data continuity with archived Landsat data from the last 40 years by keeping the same spectral and spatial resolutions of previous instruments.
OLI aids the Landsat-8 mission in the imaging of Earth's surface and the collection of moderate resolution data that is used to monitor changing trends on the surface and evaluate how land usage changes over time. The images and data that OLI has helped collect have practical applications today in agriculture, mapping, and monitoring changes in snow, ice, and water.
Specifications and design
OLI is a pushbroom sensor that operates in the visible (VIS) and short wave infrared (SWIR) spectral regions. It has a swath width of , which means it can image the entire Earth over a repeating cycle of 16 days. The OLI has nine spectral bands, including a panchromatic band:
While the spectral and spatial resolution of OLI's channels were kept the same as prior instruments in order to maintain data continuity with the entire Landsat archive, two spectral bands (the first a blue visible channel and the second an infrared channel) were added. These bands were designated as band 1 and band 9, and serve as an enhancement from previous instruments, which lacked these channels. Band 1 was created to locate and determine water resources and investigate coastal areas, and band 9 serves a unique purpose of detecting cirrus clouds.
Applications
OLI has several different applications due to the many different bands. Band 1 is helpful in imaging shallow water resources and tracking aerosols. Bands 2, 3, and 4 are in the visible spectrum and are helpful in creating true color composite images. Band 5 is helpful for ecology purposes and can help determine vegetation index or NDVI. Bands 6 and 7 are useful in geology and can help in distinguishing different saturated and unsaturated rocks and soils. Band 8 is helpful in creating images with very high resolution and precision. Band 9 is used for detecting different types of clouds.
References
Further reading
External links
Operational Land Imager at Ball.com
Operational Land Imager at NASA.gov
Satellite imaging sensors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational%20Land%20Imager
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Allegiance Air is a charter airline based in Lanseria, South Africa.
History
The company started as a charter broker and commenced its own aircraft operations in February 2008. It is privately owned.
Fleet
The Allegiance Air fleet comprises the following aircraft (as of August 2017):
The airline fleet previously included the following aircraft (as of 4 November 2008):
5 British Aerospace 146-200 (3 stored and 2 to Air Congo in 2008)
References
External links
Allegiance Air
Airlines of South Africa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegiance%20Air
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Manche was a 40-gun of the French Navy, originally named Département de la Manche, but the name was immediately shortened to Manche around the time of her launch in April 1806.
She took part in operations in the Mauritius campaign of 1809–1811 under Captain François-Désiré Breton.
Action during Mauritius campaign of 1809-1811
Under Captain Jean Dornal de Guy, Manche captured the 16-gun gun brig , Lieutenant William Fitzwilliam Owen commanding, on 28 September 1808 near Bengkulu.
On 26 April 1809, Manche departed Port-Napoléon in a squadron under Captain Hamelin, along with and . The squadron managed to re-take Foulpointe in Madagascar, captured three prizes at the action of 18 November 1809, and raided the British settlement at Tarapouly, in Sumatra.
In 1810, she took part in the Battle of Grand Port, contributing to the capture of and the fort held by the British on Île de France.
Fate
Manche was captured during the invasion of Île de France in 1810. She was broken up as she was unfit for Royal Navy service.
Citations
References
La Manche, frégate française : 1803-1810, Roger Lepelley, 1989
HAMELIN Emmanuel, amiral, baron (1768-1839)
Une mission à l'Isle de France
Winfield, Rif & Stephen S Roberts (2015) French Warships in the Age of Sail 1786 - 1861: Design Construction, Careers and Fates. (Seaforth Publishing).
Age of Sail frigates of France
Hortense-class frigates
Ships built in France
Captured ships
1806 ships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20frigate%20Manche%20%281806%29
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The Chattanooga Market is the region's largest producer-only arts and crafts and farmers' market. It is held every Sunday from April to December at the open-air First Horizon Pavilion in Chattanooga, Tennessee, typically from 11am until 4pm (hours can vary for special events). The market has over 300 vendors, and attracts an audience of 6,000 visitors each weekend; admission is free.
History
The market was founded in 2001 by Nick & Elizabeth Jessen, who modeled it after the Saturday Market in Eugene, Oregon. In 2008, the market announced it was closing due to "not reaching a point of independent operation" but was quickly sold and reopened by a new management team.
All items sold at the Chattanooga Market are required to be handmade, grown, created or otherwise the direct efforts of the person selling it, and a review panel reviews each new item against a minimum standard of quality prior to sale to the public.
The Chattanooga Market is a non-profit organization to promote local farming, community events & small business development.
Events
The Chattanooga Market features a new event theme each weekend, ranging from Bluegrass music days to Oktoberfest celebrations, from celebrity chef cooking competitions to Holiday Market, its art-centric season finale. A new event schedule is published each year, and does vary from year-to-year.
References
External links
Official website
Twitter
Culture of Chattanooga, Tennessee
Economy of Chattanooga, Tennessee
Farmers' markets in the United States
Retail markets in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Tennessee
Organizations established in 2001
Tourist attractions in Chattanooga, Tennessee
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chattanooga%20Market
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Top Model, cycle 3 was the third cycle of Top Model. It originally aired on TV3 from September to November 2008, and was hosted by Vendela Kirsebom.
The competition began with fifteen semi-finalists, who were narrowed down to thirteen finalists in the first episode. In the third episode, Silje entered the competition after Sasha was disqualified for refusing her makeover. The winner of the competition was 17-year-old Martine Lervik from Ålesund.
Contestants
Semi-finalists
Finalists
Summaries
Call-out order
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was disqualified from the competition
The contestant was put through collectively to the next round
The contestant was part of a non-elimination bottom four
The contestant quit the competition
The contestant won the competition
In episode 1, the group of fifteen semi-finalists was whittled down to thirteen.
In episode 3, Sasha was disqualified for refusing her makeover. She was replaced by Silje.
In episode 4, only Goshia, Helene, Marita and Mona Lisa were in danger of elimination due to their inappropriate behaviour earlier in the week. However, none of them were eliminated.
In episode 12, Frøydis decided to leave the competition for health reasons during the elimination ceremony. As a result, neither of the remaining girls were eliminated.
Photo Shoot Guide
Episode 1 Photoshoot: Sexy in Dirt
Episode 2 Photoshoot: Group shot on stairs
Episode 3 Photoshoot: Murderous Brides
Episode 4 Photoshoot: Homeless Fashion
Episode 5 Photoshoot: Moroccan Fashion
Episode 6 Photoshoot: Dresses in the wind
Episode 7 Photoshoot: Rendezvous with Hank von Helvetes
Episode 8 Photoshoot: Fashion Walk on the Streets
Episode 9 Photoshoot: Underwater Muses
Episode 10 Photoshoot: Fashion Glasses
Episode 11 Photoshoot: Sex and the City Glamour & Cosmopolitan Cover Shoot
Judges
Vendela Kirsebom
Jan Thomas
Mariana Verkerk - catwalk coach
References
External links
Official site (Norwegian)
Norway's Next Top Model at the Internet Movie Database
Top Model Norge
2000s Norwegian television series
2008 Norwegian television series debuts
2008 Norwegian television seasons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20Model%20%28Norwegian%20season%203%29
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Early Cuban bands played popular music for dances and theatres during the period 1780–1930. During this period Cuban music became creolized, and its European and African origins gradually changed to become genuinely Cuban. Instrumentation and music continually developed during this period. The information listed here is in date order, and comes from whatever records survive to the present day.
Típicas
For about a hundred years, from early in the nineteenth century to about 1920, the main orchestral format for popular music was the típica based on wind instruments, usually about 8–10 members. At the same time, there were also itinerant musicians, duos and trios: for them, see trova.
Orquesta Concha de Oro
Founded early in the 19th century by the black violinist and double bass player Claudio Brindis de Salas, it played the dance music of the epoch at the balls of the island's aristocracy: contradanzas, minuets, rigadoons, quadrilles, lancers. It was basically a típica, or wind orchestra, which was sometimes augmented to 100 players for special occasions such as fiestas.
Brindis de Salas, a disciple of maestro Ignacio Calvo, was also a composer of creole danzas and the author of an operetta, Congojas matrimoniales. In 1844 his musical career was interrupted by his involvement in the Escalera Conspiracy, for which whites were absolved, but blacks paid dearly. Brindis de Salas was arrested and tortured. He was banished from the island by the Governor, O'Donnell. Returning in 1848, he was imprisoned for two years, and when he eventually was free to think about reorganizing his band, he found out that most of them had been executed.
Apart from the operetta, he is known for a melody dedicated to the General Concha, printed in 1854. His son, Claudio Brindis de Salas Garrido (Havana, 4 August 1852 – Buenos Aires, 1 June 1911) was an even better violinist, of world renown.
Orquesta Flor de Cuba
Founded by clarinetist Juan de Dios Alfonso, who moved to Havana, where he played clarinet in Feliciano Ramos's band La Unión in 1856, and directed La Almendares in 1859. It is not quite clear when he formed La Flor de Cuba, which became one of the most popular in the middle of the 19th century. They played contradanzas, and other dances of the time. The orchestra was a típica, with cornet, trombone, ophicleide, two clarinets, two violins, double bass, kettle drum, and güíro. The ophicleide (ophicleide) was a sort of bass bugle with keys, invented in 1817; the t-bone would be a valve trombone.
They were playing in the Teatro Villanueva in Havana in 1869 when the Spanish Voluntarios attacked the theatre, killing some ten or so patrons who had been watching a bufo (musical satirical comedy), and applauding its revolutionary sentiments. The context was that the Ten Years' War had started the previous year, when Carlos Manuel de Céspedes had freed his slaves, and declared Cuban independence. Creole sentiments were running high, and the Colonial government and their rich Spanish traders were reacting. Not for the first time, politics and music were closely intertwined, for musicians had been integrated since before 1800, and "from 1800 to 1840, blacks were the clear majority of the professional musicians". Bufo theatres were shut down for some years after this tragic event.
Orquesta Valenzuela
The descendant of La Flor de Cuba, led from 1877 by trombonist Raimundo Valenzuela after the death of Juan de Dios Alfonso. We do not know exactly when the name of the orchestra was changed. When Raimundo died in 1905, his brother Pablo became Director. It was, like Flor de Cuba, the most popular típica of its day.
Under cornetist Pablo Valenzuela, the band became one of the earliest to record Cuban music, in 1906 with Edison cylinders (about 40), 1909 with Columbia Records (23) and with Victor (56). The last recordings were in 1919; there were about 120 numbers in all, most of which were danzones. The band dispersed after his death.
Orquesta Faílde
Founded 1871 in Matanzas by Miguel Faílde, the official originator of the danzón. His band was composed mainly of wind instruments, and therefore was a típica. Its initial members were: Miguel Faílde (cornet); Pascual Carreras (ophicleide); Pancho Morales (1st violin); Juan Cantero (2nd violin); Anselmo 'Frijolín' Casalín (1st clarinet); Eduardo Faílde (brother, 2nd clarinet); Cándido Faílde (brother, trombone); Eulogio Garrido (double bass); Andrés Segovia (timpani); Isidro Acosta (güíro).
The usual changes in personnel meant that by 1903 the personnel included Eduardo Betancourt (trombone); Alfredo Hernández (2nd violin); Magdaleno Rodríguez (2nd clarinet) and Benito 'Chacho' Oliva (tympani).
This is the band which played the Alturas de Simpson, the first danzón; it was one of Faílde's compositions. It seems the band made no recordings, and it dispersed in 1921 after the death of its leader.
Orquesta Alemán
Founded 1878 in Santiago de Las Vegas. Leader: José Alemán (Guanabacoa, 22 December 1846 – Santiago de Las Vegas, 1924).
Alemán was a tailor's cutter in Santiago de Las Vegas and a composer of dance and religious music. He studied music under Pedro Álvarez, and became a double bass player, also a good violinist and pianist. He played double bass in the orchestra of Havana Cathedral, and in the orchestra of Juan de Dios Alfonso.
Orquesta Alemán was a típica or band based on wind instruments. It included Alejo Carillo (cornet); Pedro Espinosa (trombone); Leobino Zayas (ophicleide); Julián Allende (1st clarinet); Ramón Alemán (2nd clarinet); Elias Fuentes (1st violin); Juan Tómas Alemán (2nd violin); Aniceto Rodrígues (timpanist); Quirino Sastre (güíro).
On the death of José Alemán in 1924, the orchestra was directed by his brother Ramón, and there were numerous changes of personnel. The band was active until the 1930s.
Orquesta de Perico Rojas
Típica formed in 1884 by the trombonist Pedro Rojas (aka 'Perico'), in Güines. Its members at the start of the 20th century included the following: Perico Rojas (trombone); Patricio Valdés and Andrés Rojas (violin); Martín Caraballo and Miguel Rojas (clarinet); Jesús Urfé (cornet); Ambrosio Marín (trombone); Anacleto Larrondo (ophicleide); Juan R. Landa (double bass); Pedro Hernández (tympani); Leopoldo Castillo (güíro). The band lasted to early in the 20th century.
Orquesta típica de Felipe Valdés
All that is known of Felipe Valdés is that he was a cornetist and composer, who was born in Bolondrón, Matanzas, in the second half of the 19th century. He founded his típica in 1899, and it became popular in Havana. Its instrumentation in 1916 was: 3 violins; 2 clarinets; cornet; trombone; double bass; saxophone; güíro and timbales. Probably it had started with an ophicleide, and later substituted the saxophone. They included a piano by 1929.
The group recorded more danzones than any other before 1920. They recorded for Edison (1906), Columbia (starting 1906/7); Victor (starting 1907). The total number of recordings was 315 numbers. Valdés composed many numbers, including La Africana, Lamentos and Yeyé Olube. Some of these recordings are available on CD: four numbers from 1907 (Victor), one from 1916 (Columbia) and one from 1929. Díaz Ayala said, "It's incredible that there is no more information about this director who composed and recorded so many danzones."
Orquesta de Enrique Peña
Cornetist Enrique Peña's danzonera was one of the first to record, and that profusely. This was the second band he organized (the first was called La Juventud): the line-up was: Peña (cornet); Antonio González (trombone); Féliz González (ophicleide); José Belén Puig (1st clarinet); José Urfé (2nd clarinet); Julián Barreto (violin); Alfredo Sáenz (violin); José de los Reyes (tympani); Rufino Cárdenas (güíro) and unknown (double bass).
The orchestra started to record in 1908, and became famous for El bombín de Barreto (Barreto's bowler hat), written by Urfé, which was supposedly the first danzón to incorporate a syncopated third part, influenced by the son. Several members of the band went on to become well-known later on. The group recorded about 150 numbers, some of which are available on CD.
Orquesta de Félix González
This, one of the last típicos to be founded, started in 1915 with a core of members from Enrique Peña's band. The set-up was: González (ophicleide), Dolores Betancourt (t-bone); José Belén Puig (first clarinet); José Urfé (second clarinet); Miguel Ángel Mendieta and Benito Moya (violins); Guillermo Maherve (d. bass); Demetrio Pacheco (tympani) and Ulpiano Díaz (güiro). Despite its old-fashioned format, the orchestra kept in work for 52 years, until the death of its Director in 1967. Three of its recordings are available on CD, from 1916, 1925 and 1928.
Charangas
Charangas supplanted the típica as the standard instrumental line-up for the danzón. Initially called charangas francesas (though they have nothing to do with France), they were 'invented' at the start of the 20th century. The formulation is still going strong, with appropriate adjustments to the instrumentation. The basic idea is to pitch the tone of the orchestra higher and brighter than the típica, by removing the brass, replacing the clarinet with a flute and replacing the kettle drums with a new invention, the pailas criollas, now called timbales. This metal-cased drum, hit with timbales sticks, and not timpani sticks, produces a distinctive effect. The two timbales drums are pitched differently, and may be supplemented with two timbalitos, pitched even higher, and one or two cencerros (cowbells). Also noteworthy is the use of the sticks on the metal casing to produce a rhythm known as the cascara. From early on these bands also included a piano. The overall effect is to produce a lighter, brighter flavor to the music; who actually originated the idea is not known.
Orquesta Torroella
Founded at the end of the 19th century in Havana, this was the first charanga francesa in the capital, and the first to include a piano.
Its director was the pianist Antonio 'Papaito' Torroella, and from the start the band included Papaito Torroella (piano); David Rendón (violin); Faustino Valdés (flute) and Evaristo Romero (double bass). Under the title Sexteto Torroella, the group recorded eight numbers on Edison cylinders in 1906.
Orquesta de Tata Alfonso
A charanga francesa formed early in the 20th century by flautist Octavio 'Tata' Alfonso. Its line-up at its peak was: Tata Alfonso (flute); Bruno Quijarro (violin); Pablo Bequé (double bass); Jesús Lopéz (piano); Abelardo Valdés (güiro); Ulpiano Díaz (timbales). The band recorded six numbers for Columbia Records in 1918, and was regarded as one of the three most important charangas in the history of the danzón, and the first to incorporate melodies from the cantos de claves y guaguancó in this genre.
Orquesta Romeu
Founded around 1910 by Antonio María Romeu (1876–1955), this was for thirty years the most important charanga in Cuba. Romeu had previously played in Orquesta Cervantes, one of several charangas founded at the beginning of the 1900s, and became one of the most prolific composers of danzones. The orchestra recorded hundreds of numbers over many years, beginning in 1915, and issued a whole series of albums after 1950. It is not clear that Romeu was, as sometimes claimed, the originator of the charanga, but it is clear that his band was for many years the leading danzonera.
The initial line-up for Orchestra Romeu was: Romeu (piano); Feliciano Facenda (violin); Alfredo Valdés (flute); Rafael Calazán (double bass); Remigio Valdés (timbal); Juan de la Merced (güiro): quite a small group.
Much later the orchestra included Francisco Delabart (flute); Augusto Valdés (clarinet); Juan Quevedo (violin); Aurelio Valdés and Félix Vásquez (güiro); Antonio Ma. Romeu (son, violin); Pedro Hernández (violin); Dihigo (trumpet); Regueira (trombone) and José Antonio Díaz (flute). The singers (introduced after the introduction of the sung danzón, known as the danzonete) were, at two different times, Fernando Collazo and Barbarito Díez. In the thirties it had become a big band, and included two brass instruments.
When Romeu died, the orchestra was led for a while by his son, also Antonio María Romeu, then by Barbarito Díez. It still played the traditional danzón, but now was called the Orquesta de Barbarito Díez.
Son groups
The son dates back to the latter part of the 19th century. Actual names of players and musical groups appear after the then Cuban President, José Miguel Gómez, sent the battalions of the Ejército Permanente away from their native provinces. It was the Permanente from Oriente that brought the son to Havana.
There are a few early recordings which survive from before the famous sextetos were formed. Some of the theatre music was interesting, for example, the Teatro Alhambra had a group of which Adolfo Colombo was the leading personality. He was a singer and regular recording artist, though few of these recordings have survived. One that has been reissued by Harlequin reveals a funky number which is hard to categorize. Listed as a rumba, it is perhaps best described as a guaracha-son. The artists singing are Colombo and Claudio García, the guitar probably Alberto Villalón, plus an unknown tres player. All three named players were white, yet the number is creole, almost Afro-Cuban, in style.
Sexteto Boloña
In 1915 Alfredo Boloña Jimenez formed a son group in Havana. He played the marimbula, the bongó and the guitar at different times and, despite his physical limitations (dwarfism), he was a force in Cuban music for half a century. His first group was Hortensia Valerón (vocalist), Manuel Menocal (tres), Manuel Corona (guitar), Victoriano Lopéz (maracas) and Joaquín Velasquéz (bongó).
In October 1926, the Sexteto Boloña recorded in New York City a set of numbers for Columbia which is available today on the usual media.
The group split up in 1934.
Sexteto Habanero
In 1917 four musicians calling themselves Cuarteto Oriental recorded four numbers for Columbia in Havana. The numbers are listed in a Columbia catalog for 1921, but are probably lost. However, the same group expanded to a sextet in 1918, and were recorded by Victor in a field recording at the Hotel Inglaterra in Havana. At least one of these records has survived, giving two numbers, which are probably the first surviving sones. The new grouping called itself Sexteto Habanero in 1920.
The instrumental set-up is interesting, because they use some of the original instruments of the son: the botija and a unique square bongó. Soon this (and other) groups appreciated that the double bass was a musically more suitable instrument: they never went back to the botija. Five years later, the group had new members and a different look, including Agustín Gutierrez (bongó), Abelardo Barroso (sonero, claves), Felipe Nerí Cabrera (maracas, vocals); Gerardo Martínez (double bass, vocals, leader); Guillermo Castillo (guitar, vocals), Carlos Godínez (tres, vocals).
The group's recordings in New York 1925-26 are available on LP and CD. The music is of high quality, considering the technical limitations of the time; the group won first prize in the Concurso de Sones in 1925 and 1926. When the group added a cornet, soon replaced by a trumpet, namely Félix Chappottín, it became the Septeto Habanero. This latter line-up lasted until the late 1930s, when sextetos were ousted by conjuntos and big bands. The leader, Gerardo Martínez then formed a new group, Conjunto Típico Habanero.
Sexteto Occidente
One of the early son sextetos, formed in 1925 by María Teresa Vera and Miguel García, it went to New York and recorded numbers, but lasted only about 18 months. Its set-up was typical of the early son groups.
Other types
Orquesta Avilés
The group with the longest continuous record, it was founded in 1882 and still in existence. Manuel Avilés Lozano (Holguín, Oriente, 2 February 1864 – ?) worked as a tailor, and studied music under the Spanish maestro Magín Torres. Avilés, director and clarinetist, formed the orchestra with relatives and other musicians, and, eventually, his thirteen children. Later still, he engaged other younger relatives. He and some of the other band members fought in the Cuban War of Independence in the Ejército Libertador.
The band is unusual in several respects. It started as a típico, then became a charanga, then became (in the 1940s) what Cubans call a 'jazzband', meaning a big band. The band has always been based in Holguín, and scarcely ever left Oriente. It is still organized around family members. It is now called Orquesta Hermanos Avilés.
Estudiantina Oriental
This group developed in Santiago de Cuba at the end of the 19th century. It was significantly different from the típicas, both in music, instruments and racial composition (the members were usually white). The genres of music played included danzón, bolero, son and guaracha. The instruments included tres, marimbula, kettle drums or pailas criolla (timbales). This instrumental line-up prefigures that of the sextetos which appeared later, rather than the older típicas. The members would be based on university students, probably reinforced by talent from other quarters. Similar Estudiantina groups were formed in other provincial towns.
Giro gives this set-up as characteristic of Estudientinas: two tres, 1st and 2nd; two guitars; one trumpet; botija or double bass; paila (timbal); cencerro (cow-bell); güiro; three singers, 1st, 2nd and falsetto, and maybe both sexes. It is clear that estudientinas in different parts of Cuba had variations in membership, instruments and repertoire.
Cuban jazz bands
The history of jazz in Cuba was hidden for many years by the unwillingness of record companies to make recordings available. However, in recent years, it has become clear that its history in Cuba is as long as its history in the USA. The key figure in revealing the early days of Cuban jazz is Leonardo Acosta, musician and musicologist, who has been working on this topic for many years. Others have explored the history of jazz and Latin jazz from the U.S. perspective. The pre-history of Cuban jazz includes musicians like Louis Moreau Gottschalk and W.C. Handy, who visited Cuba and brought creole ideas into their music.
The Jazz Band Sagua was founded in Sagua la Grande in 1914 by Pedro Stacholy (director & piano). Members: Hipólito Herrera (trumpet); Norberto Fabelo (cornet); Ernesto Ribalta (flute & sax); Humberto Domínguez (violin); Luciano Galindo (trombone); Antonio Temprano (tuba); Tomás Medina (drum kit); Marino Rojo (güiro). For fourteen years they played at the Teatro Principal de Sagua. Stacholy studied under Antonio Fabré in Sagua, and completed his studies in New York, where he stayed for three years.
The Cuban Jazz Band was founded in 1922 by Jaime Prats in Havana. The personnel included his son Rodrigo Prats on violin, the great flautist Alberto Socarrás on flute and saxophone and Pucho Jiménez on slide trombone. The line-up would probably have included double bass, kit drum, banjo, cornet at least. Earlier works cited this as the first jazz band in Cuba, but evidently there were earlier groups.
In 1924 Moisés Simons (piano) founded a group which played on the roof garden of the Plaza Hotel in Havana, and consisted of piano, violin, two saxes, banjo, double bass, drums and timbales. Its members included Virgilio Diego (violin); Alberto Socarrás (alto sax, flute); José Ramón Betancourt (tenor sax); Pablo O'Farrill (d. bass). In 1928, still at the same venue, Simons hired Julio Cueva, a famous trumpeter, and Enrique Santiesteban, a future media star, as vocalist and drummer. These were top instrumentalists, attracted by top fees of $8 a day.
All these bands no doubt played Cuban music as well as jazz, but there are few recordings of them playing jazz. There can be little doubt that these early ventures built up a stock of Cuban musicians that were at home with both genres. That led eventually to the Latin jazz fusions of later years.
References
Cuban music history
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early%20Cuban%20bands
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Iowa Highway 930 (Iowa 930) is a unsigned highway in Boone County, Iowa. During the 1960s, U.S. Highway 30 (US 30) in central Iowa was reconstructed to the south of where it ran, bypassing the cities of Marshalltown, Ames, and Boone. Upon completion, the entire old route of US 30 became Iowa 930. Gradually, most of Iowa 930 was turned back to the respective counties and cities except for the portion in Boone County.
Route description
Iowa 930 begins at two half interchanges with US 30 in eastern Boone County. The two directions meet at the corner of 230th Street and X Avenue in the Boone County road grid. The highway heads east on 230th Street for where it ends at the county line with Story County. Coming from the north along the county line is County Road R38 (CR R38). The Iowa 930 roadway continues in Story County as CR R38 and is known as Lincoln Way.
Major intersections
References
External links
930
Transportation in Boone County, Iowa
U.S. Route 30
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa%20Highway%20930
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Raymond is an unincorporated hamlet in Sheridan County, Montana, United States, north of Plentywood. It is famous for its salmon and is located nine miles away from the Canada–US border.
The post office, since closed, opened in 1914. Originally called Riba, for lumber merchant Adolph Riba, the town changed its name in 1915 in honor of homesteader Joe Raymond. It was built along the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Railroad.
Climate
This climatic region is typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot (and often humid) summers and cold (sometimes severely cold) winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Raymond has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.
References
Unincorporated communities in Sheridan County, Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond%2C%20Montana
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The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club ice hockey team was a member of the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League (WPHL) from 1896 to 1901. The team was based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
History
The Duquesne Country and Athletic Club (DC&AC) first played exhibition games of ice hockey in 1895. The Duquesne team then played in the first season of the WPHL at the Schenley Park Casino, with three other teams, the Pittsburgh Athletic Club, a club from Western University of Pennsylvania (the University of Pittsburgh today) and a team known as Pittsburgh, or the 'Casino' team. The league played twice a week, on Tuesday and Friday nights. The DC&AC and the WPHL continued play until December 16, when the Casino rink was destroyed by fire. The Duquesne team finished the shortened season of league play with a 2–3 record.
The league and the DC&AC resumed play in 1898, with its games moved to the new ice rink at the Duquesne Garden, with league members the Pittsburgh Athletic Club and Western University. Many of the team's players came from Canada, with the Pittsburgh-based club owners luring players to the area with the promise of high paying jobs and a living stipend.
By early 1901, the broader DC&AC organization, which had been active in multiple sports and fielded a professional football team of national repute, was in financial ruin and lost its clubhouse to foreclosure. The 1900–01 season was the hockey team's last.
References
See also
Duquesne Country and Athletic Club, an early American professional football team
Ice hockey teams in Pittsburgh
Defunct ice hockey teams in Pennsylvania
Duquesne
Duquesne
1895 establishments in Pennsylvania
1901 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Ice hockey clubs established in 1895
Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1901
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duquesne%20Country%20and%20Athletic%20Club%20%28ice%20hockey%29
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Ian Miles Crawford (born September 29, 1988) is an American musician and vocalist born in Eugene, Oregon. He is most prominently known for being a guitarist and backing vocalist for a number of different bands including The Cab, Panic! at the Disco, Never Shout Never, and The Academy Is... In 2016, he founded the rock and roll group The Contestants, which released their debut studio album, No Contest, in May 2016.
On April 1, 2018, Ian released his solo album, Grand Wheel.
Career
He was lead guitarist of The Cab from 2007 until his departure in 2009. On June 1, 2009 The Cab's lead singer Alexander DeLeon announced on his blog that guitarist Ian Crawford had decided to leave the band. Although DeLeon did say that Crawford had decided to leave due to creative differences, there seemed to be no animosity between him and the band. For their upcoming "What Happens in Vegas..." tour, The Cab announced that their friend Bryan Dawson would be replacing Crawford.
Crawford was also a touring guitarist for Panic! at the Disco. In 2009, after the departure of Ryan Ross and Jon Walker, Crawford joined Panic! at the Disco as their touring guitarist. He left the band in 2012, explaining that he wished to make "real, genuine" music.
On June 11, 2014, it was announced that Crawford would become the lead guitarist of Never Shout Never. On November 24, 2015, it was confirmed by Crawford himself that he was kicked out of the band. Crawford also announced that he would go on tour with The Academy Is... on their 10th anniversary tour.
In 2016, Ian Crawford formed the rock and roll band The Contestants and released their debut studio album, No Contest, on May 6, 2016.
Ian is also a member of the Seattle band The Hollers.
In 2018, Ian released his solo album Grand Wheel.
Discography
Solo
Grand Wheel (2018)
"Losing My Religion"
"Over My Head, Over Me
"Better in Time" music by Ian Crawford lyrics by Ren Patrick
With The Cab
Whisper War (2008)
Welcome to the New Administration (2008)
"Bounce (snippet)" & "Take My Hand Machine Shop Production"
Punk Goes Pop 2 (2008)
"Disturbia" (Rihanna Cover)
The Lady Luck EP (2009)
"Take My Hand (Remix)(feat. Cassadee Pope)", "Diamonds Are Forever (And Forever Is A Long Time)" & "Lights"
Symphony Soldier (2011)
With Stamps
Tramps (2010)
Stamps Ventures of a Lifetime (2011)
With Play For Keeps
2010 Goodbye Natural, Hello Manmade. – guitar on "X.I.F."
With Dallon Weekes
guitar on "Skid Row (Downtown)"
With Ashbury
2008 guitar and vocals on "Under Your Skin"
With Never Shout Never
2015 Recycled Youth, Vol. 1
2015 Black Cat
References
1989 births
American rock guitarists
American male guitarists
Fueled by Ramen artists
Lead guitarists
Living people
Musicians from Eugene, Oregon
Guitarists from Oregon
21st-century American guitarists
21st-century American male musicians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Crawford%20%28musician%29
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Anderson County High School is a public high school located in Lawrenceburg, Kentucky, United States. The school mascot is the Bearcats. Anderson County High School is currently the only high school in Anderson County, Kentucky. The school's colors are Red, White and Blue. The enrollment of Anderson County High School in the 2021-2022 educational year was 1,186 students.
Awards
Marching Band : KMEA State Champion Class AAAA (2017, 2021)
Notable alumni
Jimmy Dan Conner former basketball player for the Kentucky Wildcats and drafted into the NBA by the Pheonix Suns
References
External links
Schools in Anderson County, Kentucky
Public high schools in Kentucky
Educational institutions established in 1965
1965 establishments in Kentucky
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20County%20High%20School%20%28Kentucky%29
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Philip Boampong (born 1 January 1990 in Ghana) is a Ghanaian footballer. He currently plays for the Ghana Telecom Premier League side Hearts of Oak.
Career
Boampong moved with teammate Abdul Naza Alhassan from Maxbees FC to Wa All Stars in 2008. After one year with the Wa based club joined to Berekum Arsenal in January 2009. In August 2011, a fee was agreed with Turkish side Bucaspor and Hearts, but the deal soon fell through. On 1 July 2012, Boampong joined Saudi Arabian side Al-Shoalah on a season-long loan.
International career
Boampong played for U-17 Ghana national team in 2007 FIFA U-17 World Cup in Korea Republic, he played by the turnier 6 games and holds 4 yellow cards. On 19 August 2008 was first called for the Satellites, and was part of the Ghana national under-20 football team that won the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt. Although he never played a single game for the Satellites.
Personal life
He is the younger brother of former Black Stars defender Dan Coleman.
Titles and honours
International
Ghana U-20
FIFA U-20 World Cup Champion: 2009
References
External links
EuroSport.com Profile
1990 births
Living people
Ghanaian men's footballers
Ghanaian expatriate men's footballers
Legon Cities FC players
Berekum Arsenal F.C. players
Al-Shoulla FC players
Expatriate men's footballers in Saudi Arabia
Men's association football defenders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Boampong
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The British motoring-themed television programme Top Gear was often the focus of criticism. The criticism has ranged from minor viewer complaints to serious complaints where broadcasting watchdogs such as Ofcom have been involved.
The show is frequently criticised for showing disdain to the environment and for promoting dangerous driving to the public.
Clarkson's criticism
One of the programme's presenters, Jeremy Clarkson, has been critical of the BBC regarding the handling of the programme. In the February 2006 issue of Top Gear Magazine, Clarkson revealed that he thought that the BBC did not take Top Gear seriously, making the length of the series far too long, and often replacing the show with live snooker coverage, despite Top Gear having considerably higher viewing figures.
In July 2006, the BBC rejected a variety of complaints regarding the criticism, claiming the producers and presenters choose the way they are covered, and that the BBC do not have any control over it. They argued that the presenters' provocative comments are "an integral part of the programme and are not intended to be taken seriously." Regarding offensive remarks traded between presenters and members of the audience, the BBC said "this is part of the appeal of the show, and we trust most viewers are familiar enough with the style and tone of the show not to take offence." The BBC pointed out that they would act if such statements and actions were carried out with any degree of seriousness or if the programme breached legal and safety requirements.
Studio move
Top Gear was in negotiations with the BBC to move to Enstone in north Oxfordshire which was closer to Clarkson's home in Chipping Norton. However, the producers were unable to negotiate a deal, after their initial application was blocked due to opposition by local residents, who feared that Top Gear would create pollution and noise issues.
Accusations of homophobia
In December 2006, the BBC upheld complaints from four viewers after comments made by Jeremy Clarkson were considered to be homophobic references, had the potential to offend and should not have been broadcast. The complaints regarded comments made by Clarkson in the sixth episode of series eight, in which Clarkson agreed with an audience member who described the Daihatsu Copen as "a bit gay". He later described the vehicle as "ginger beer", taken to be rhyming slang for the term "queer". The BBC said there was "no editorial purpose" for the remarks and the "Top Gear team had been reminded of the importance of avoiding such comments about sexual orientation."
In December 2009, it was reported that a gay couple had been allegedly denied tickets to see the show being filmed. The context of the situation is unclear. A BBC spokesperson said, "We do not – absolutely do not – discriminate against same sex couples... the whole implication that Top Gear is in any way homophobic is completely wrong."
In a July 2011 review of the Jaguar XKR-S, Clarkson said that "in the corners it will get its tail out more readily than George Michael". Michael called Clarkson "pig-ugly" and "homophobic" in response to the remark.
Cultural mockery
India
During the show's India special, there were multiple gags such as building a toilet in the back of a Jaguar as every visiting tourist gets diarrhoea. This led to a complaint by the Indian High Commission which criticised the show's "toilet humour".
Wales
The show received backlash when Clarkson suggested that everybody should test drive their cars in Wales because "no-one wants to live there" in the second episode of season one.
USA
The show frequently mocks American culture, cars and people on the show. During the first American road trip, as part of a challenge, they painted slogans on their cars such as "NASCAR sucks", "Hillary for president" and "Man love rules OK" while driving through Alabama. During a fuel stop, they were confronted by "rednecks", who were offended by the slogans, causing the crew and presenters to flee, concerned for their safety.
Germany
During the first episode of series seven, a news segment featuring BMW's Mini concept from the Tokyo Motor Show showcased a car that Hammond quoted as supposedly being "quintessentially British", the only added feature being an integrated tea set. Clarkson responded by mocking the car and saying that they should retaliate by building a car that was "quintessentially German". He suggested adding trafficators that displayed Hitler salutes, "a sat-nav that only goes to Poland", and "ein fanbelt that will last a thousand years", a reference to Adolf Hitler's propaganda slogan of "the thousand-year Reich". These statements gained negative attention from the German government, and led to viewers' complaints reaching the BBC Board of Governors.
In July 2006, the BBC Governors' Programme Complaints Committee rejected the protests: "the Committee did not believe that, when looking at the audience as a whole, they would have felt that the comments were anything more than Jeremy Clarkson using outrageous behaviour to amuse his audience, and that the remarks would not have led to anyone entertaining new or different feelings or concerns about Germans or Germany".
Romania
During the opening episode of series 14, the presenters were seen taking the Aston Martin DBS Volante, Ferrari California and Lamborghini Gallardo LP560-4 Spyder on a road trip to Romania. While driving through the Romanian countryside, Clarkson commented on Romania as being "Borat country, with gypsies and Russian playboys", referring to the 2006 mockumentary starring Sacha Baron Cohen about the fictional journalist from Kazakhstan, which had filmed a few scenes in Romania. The film had already stirred controversy in the country, with a number of local Roma who were involved in the film attempting to sue 20th Century Fox and Cohen. Romanian newspapers claimed that the comments were "offensive" and "bad publicity for their country".
The Romanian Times also reported that Clarkson called Romania a "gypsy land". Complaints were also rife regarding Clarkson's actions to don a pork pie hat which he called a "gypsy" hat, while commenting: "I'm wearing this hat so the gypsies think I am [another gypsy]." The Romanian ambassador later sent a letter to the producers of Top Gear, in which he showed his appreciation for the show, highlighted the press's freedom of expression, the non-discriminatory spirit, and the fact that 89.5% of the country's population is Romanian, 6.5% is ethnic Hungarians, 2.5% are ethnic Roma and 1.5% are other ethnic groups. He also asked for the show to be re-edited for future showings to exclude the offensive material.
The Daily Telegraph was hacked by a group of Romanians, who stated, "We are sick of being mis-represented as Gypsies, and thanks to Top Gear, have been publicly insulted". The group took over two pages of the website, covering them in Romanian flags and playing "Lonely Shepherd" by Gheorghe Zamfir (featured on the soundtrack from the film Kill Bill).
Mexico
During the second episode of series 16, the presenters mocked the Mexican Mastretta MXT sports car on account of it being designed in Mexico. James May introduced the car as "The Tortilla", then remarked that he did not remember what it was called. Hammond then stated: "Cars reflect national characteristics [...] a Mexican car's just going to be a lazy, feckless, flatulent oaf with a moustache, leaning against a fence asleep, looking at a cactus with a blanket with a hole in the middle on as a coat". This was followed up by James May suggesting that all Mexican food resembles "refried sick" and "sick with cheese on it", Richard Hammond remarking, "I'm sorry, but just imagine waking up and remembering you're Mexican" and Jeremy Clarkson adding, "It'd be brilliant because you could just go straight back to sleep again!" Clarkson ended the segment by suggesting that the Mexican ambassador to Britain would be too lazy to make any kind of complaint. This prompted the Mexican ambassador, Eduardo Medina Mora, to write to the BBC: "The presenters of the program resorted to outrageous, vulgar and inexcusable insults to stir bigoted feelings against the Mexican people, their culture as well as their official representative in the United Kingdom. These offensive, xenophobic and humiliating remarks only serve to reinforce negative stereotypes and perpetuate prejudice against Mexico and its people".
BBC issued a letter defending the jokes, stating that national stereotyping was a part of British humour, but apologizing to the Mexican ambassador for the remarks made about him personally. The episode had the Mexican comments cut from its broadcast in the United States.
Comedian Steve Coogan, who has appeared on the show three times, criticised the programme for its pitiful apology, suggesting that the usual defence of "a bit of a laugh", or "harmless fun" was no longer appropriate, that the insults had gone too far, and described the comments as "as funny as a cold sweat followed by shooting pains down the left arm". He also criticised the show for what he described as lazy, adolescent humour and "casual racism" in reference specifically to this episode. Yahoo editor, Richard Evans, described the programme's conduct as another "Sachsgate waiting to happen".
However, Mastretta appeared to brush off the insults, with general director Carlos Mastretta clarifying that the car was simply used as a pretext for the jokes, and that the controversy has increased interest in the MXT.
The presenters made repeated reference to the incident in the following episodes of the series: The set of the 41st series of Have I Got News for You, which depicts various recent news stories, includes a mocked-up image of Clarkson dressed like a Mexican in reference to the controversy. Further reference to the incident was made in the India special, where Hammond "accidentally" painted a Mexican flag on his car after he intended to paint an Indian one. The incident was made reference to yet again in the second episode of series 19, in which the presenters had to race three high-performance cars from Los Angeles to the Mexican border, where the last person to arrive would have to do a review of the MXT in an upcoming episode, which aired as part of the fourth episode of series 19.
However the UK broadcast regulator Ofcom cleared the programme due to its "comedic intent and the context":
In this case, Ofcom took into account that Top Gear is well known for its irreverent style and sometimes outspoken humour, as well as the regular format of the studio banter between the three presenters. We considered that viewers of Top Gear were likely to be aware that the programme frequently uses national stereotypes as a comedic trope and that there were few, if any, nationalities that had not at some point been the subject of the presenters' mockery throughout the history of this long running programme. For example, this same episode featured a competition between the UK’s Top Gear presenters and their Australian counterparts, throughout which the Australians were ridiculed for various national traits.
In this instance, therefore, Ofcom considered that the majority of the audience would be familiar with the presenters' approach to mocking, playground-style humour, and would have considered that applying that approach to national stereotypes was in keeping with the programme’s usual content, and the presenters' typical style. Ofcom was of the view that the majority of the audience would therefore be likely to have understood that the comments were being made for comic effect.
Argentina
In September and October 2014, the three presenters and a crew of 29 people were recording the Patagonia Special in Argentina, featuring three cars—a Porsche 928 GT, a Lotus Esprit and a Ford Mustang Mach I. They had started in Bariloche on 19 September and travelled southward on the trans-Patagonian Route 40, about . On 2 October they had arrived in Ushuaia, at the southern end of Tierra del Fuego. The plan was to film for three more days, and then to continue in Chile.
During filming, Twitter comments began to appear alleging the number plate "H982 FKL" on the Porsche was a reference to the 1982 Falklands War. Andy Wilman, executive producer for the show, said on 2 October: "Top Gear production purchased three cars for a forthcoming programme; to suggest that this car was either chosen for its number plate, or that an alternative number plate was substituted for the original is completely untrue"; Clarkson tweeted: "For once, we did nothing wrong". "H982 FKL" has been registered to the Porsche since its manufacture in May 1991.
In the evening, veterans and other Argentinians entered the hotel lobby to confront the team. Clarkson later wrote he "had to hide under a bed for a mob howling for his blood". Local police then told the team they could not and would not give them any assistance, and in the hostile atmosphere the team decided to leave Argentina. Believing that the presenters were the main targets of the controversy, the crew decided to send Clarkson, May, Hammond and the women from the crew to Buenos Aires, while the rest would drive the cars and their equipment to the border into Chile. May later stated that, prior to flying back to Britain, he and the other presenters had assisted in planning possible airlifts if the journey to the border became too dangerous. The main Route 3 by which they had arrived in Rio Grande a day earlier, was closed to them because the ringway was filled with people, with "the mayor in front". They drove to the border at Radman by tertiary roads, about . In Tolhuin, after , the convoy was stopped by an intimidating crowd, who threw eggs, rocks, and sticks. The team decided to abandon the three show cars, and reached the border with Chile later that night. At 2 a.m., they had to find a tractor to ford the camera cars through the river border. Pictures show that the abandoned cars had been attacked and damaged with stones. The Porsche now with the number plate "H1 VAE". However, over the years various humorous number plate changes had been made, for example referring to James May's age. Alternative number plates with the letters BE11 END for 'Bell End' were reportedly also discovered in the abandoned Porsche by the Argentinian authorities. Additionally the original dealer has stated that the production team were aware of the registration plate history before purchase.
On 31 October 2014, it was announced that the Argentine ambassador Alicia Castro met BBC Director of Television Danny Cohen to demand a formal apology, but the BBC refused to do so, making it clear that they intended to broadcast the special as a fair representation of the events that occurred. The Christmas Special, split into two parts, aired on 27 and 28 December 2014.
Tesla Roadster review
During episode seven of series 12, Clarkson presented a segment featuring the Tesla Roadster, including a test drive. The segment showed the car's provided batteries running flat after , with Clarkson claiming that the recharge would take 16 hours. Following this, he claimed that the car then broke down. A Tesla Motors spokesperson stated that the cars provided never reached less than 20% charge, none needed to be pushed off the track at any point, the recharge time was 3.5 hours, and the brake failure shown in the segment was actually a blown fuse. The BBC responded to these claims with a statement saying, "The tested Tesla was filmed being pushed into the shed in order to show what would happen if the Roadster had run out of charge. Top Gear stands by the findings in this film and is content that it offers a fair representation of the Tesla's performance on the day it was tested", without addressing the other concerns.
The comments were made following Clarkson showing a limp windmill, and complaining that it would take countless hours to recharge the car, using such a source of electricity. A BBC spokeswoman said several times in an interview that Top Gear was "an entertainment programme, and should not be taken seriously." After several weeks, Clarkson wrote a blog for The Times, acknowledging that "the film we had shot was a bit of a mess", but defending the film's claims. Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla, wrote in a blog on 13 February 2013 that while delivering the vehicle the Tesla team found on a table a prepared script for the segment, demonstrating this was never a fair test. In March 2011 Tesla Motors filed a suit accusing the BBC of libel.
In court Tesla Motors lost a major part of its high court libel claim on 19 October 2011. Justice Tugendhat said that no Top Gear viewer would have reasonably compared the car's performance on the show's airfield track to its likely performance on a public road. On 28 October 2011 the carmaker looked set to lose the remaining malicious falsehood claim, Justice Tugendhat saying "I shall strike out the claim in this action unless the plea of damage is amended by agreement between the parties, or with the permission of the court." Tesla's court action was dismissed by the Court of Appeal in 2013.
Dismissal of Jeremy Clarkson from Top Gear
In March 2015, the BBC announced Jeremy Clarkson had been suspended for allegedly punching a producer over a confrontation regarding cold food and long filming hours, and that the remaining episodes of the series would not be broadcast. In response to this, over 1,000,000 people signed an online petition to try to get the BBC to reinstate Clarkson. Perry McCarthy, a former Stig, criticised the BBC's decision to pull the next episode from the schedule. On 25 March, the BBC announced that they would not renew Clarkson's contract which finished at the end of March 2015. Following the official decision, James May and Richard Hammond presented their resignation to the BBC in solidarity with their partner and in order to pursue further ventures together. This would lead to the creation of The Grand Tour.
The show received widespread criticism after Jeremy Clarkson's contract was not renewed, addressing the importance of the confrontation but remarking the severity of the decision. Subsequently, after the new Series 23 was released and hosted by Chris Evans, the presenter was widely deemed sub-standard.
Specific criticism
Series 2
After a segment on the 1953 24 Hours of Le Mans, the programme received criticism for damaging a historic Jaguar C-Type valued at £1 million. Top Gear responded that they had permission to "drive the car hard" but Adrian Hamilton, the car's owner, and Top Gear's test driver had different ideas on what that meant.
Series 3
During the fifth episode of series three, Clarkson crashed a Toyota Hilux into a tree, during a segment in which he attempted to prove the sturdiness and reliability of the truck. The tree belonged to the Churchill Parish in Somerset. The villagers presumed that the damage had been accidental, or that someone had vandalised the tree, until the Top Gear episode was broadcast. After the BBC was contacted, the director of Top Gear admitted guilt and the broadcaster paid compensation.
Series 5
The show was criticised by the Mountaineering Council for Scotland when Clarkson drove a Land Rover Discovery to the summit of Cnoc an Fhreiceadain, damaging the terrain as he did so.
Series 8
A segment of the van challenge depicted a producer pretending to be an asylum seeker in the back of a van.
During the news segment of episode 7, Clarkson states the show received 150 complaints over a caravan being set alight for a publicity stunt.
Series 9
The BBC apologised to a number of Top Gear viewers following comments made during the first episode of series nine. Clarkson asked Hammond following his 370 km/h (230 mph) crash, "Are you now a mental?", which was followed by James May offering Richard Hammond a tissue "in case he dribbled". The BBC claimed the comments were meant as a joke, but also claimed they saw how the comments could cause offence to mentally disabled and brain-damaged viewers.
During the show's American Special, the show received 91 complaints regarding a dead cow being tied to the roof of Jeremy Clarkson's Camaro. It was later revealed by the BBC that the cow had died several days previously and Clarkson had caused no harm or injury to it.
Episode five of series nine was criticised for Jeremy Clarkson's reconstruction of a train crash that occurred in Hibaldstow, North Lincolnshire, near Scunthorpe. The incident was mainly criticised due to its insensitivity regarding the Cumbria train crash that occurred only two days earlier. The reconstruction, which was organised by Network Rail as part of its Don't Run The Risk campaign, was criticised by Anthony Smith, chief executive of the rail watchdog Passenger Focus, who said: "We need to raise awareness of the issue, but now is not the right time." It was reported that the item had already been delayed several times, due to an earlier fatal level-crossing crash. The BBC defended their decision to broadcast the episode, claiming that "with only one programme remaining in the series, and the frequency of level-crossing accidents, it may have been considered that there was no "appropriate" time to show the film without it "offending" somebody. A repeat of the episode was due to be aired on 1 March 2007, but due to the earlier complaints, and another death on a level crossing earlier that morning, was replaced with a new edition of "The Best of Top Gear".
During the show's Polar special at the end of series nine, Jeremy Clarkson was shown drinking gin and tonic while driving through an ice field in the Arctic. Despite the producers' and Clarkson's claims that they were in international waters at the time, the BBC Trust found that the scene could 'glamorise the misuse of alcohol', and that the scene "was not editorially justified in the context of a family show pre-watershed".
Series 10
During the show's Botswana special, a spokesperson for the Environmental Investigation Agency criticised the BBC for leaving tracks in Botswana's Makgadikgadi salt pan. The BBC denied that they had gone near any conservation areas, and asserted that they had followed the advice of environmental experts.
Anti-smoking campaigners criticised the show after Clarkson and May smoked Porsche-branded tobacco pipes inside of the studio.
Series 12
Following the first episode of series 12, Jeremy Clarkson was criticised for making a joke regarding lorry drivers killing prostitutes, thought to be alluding to the Ipswich 2006 serial murders, although it is more likely that Clarkson was referring to the Yorkshire Ripper. Ofcom received over 500 complaints, but say that the remark was not in breach of the broadcasting code. Afterwards, Labour MP Chris Mole wrote a "strongly worded" letter to the BBC, saying that Clarkson should be sacked regarding the remarks. In response to the complaints on the show, Clarkson announced he would apologise, but later revealed that he was, in fact, apologising for not posting the lap time of a car that was shown on the previous episode. The incident was referenced when Stephen Fry appeared as the Star in a Reasonably Priced Car in July 2009. Clarkson introduced the interview by stating that Fry had "begun his career with a Lorry (Laurie), so the one thing we can be certain he hasn't done is killed a prostitute".
Series 13
During the final episode of series 13, Clarkson and May were assigned to produce a spoof advert for the new Volkswagen Scirocco. However, one of their spoof ads saw crowds of people leaving Warsaw in terror on buses and trains, because of the imminent German invasion of Poland. At the end of the advert, Clarkson announced "Volkswagen Scirocco TDI: Berlin to Warsaw in one tank". The advert was uploaded to YouTube minutes after its broadcast, spurring angry comments from Polish viewers. A spokeswoman for the show said that the BBC had only received a handful of complaints, but complaints submitted to national broadcast watchdog Ofcom were expected to be higher. Complaints were also received for three other incidents in the programme: a remake of a VW advertisement, in which a suicide is shown on-screen; Clarkson mocking people who have autism, and the use of the word "pikey", which Clarkson claims to be someone who sells "pegs and heather" to describe drivers of the Vauxhall VXR8.
During a warm-up for filming one of the season's episodes, Clarkson reportedly called then Prime Minister Gordon Brown a "silly cunt". He had previously apologised for calling him a "one-eyed Scottish idiot" during a Q&A in 2009, which angered Scottish politicians and disability groups.
Series 15
In a conversation about women distracting the presenters while driving, Clarkson said he recently saw a woman wearing a burka who "tripped over the pavement" and revealed a "red g-string and stockings". Hammond said that this "did not happen", but Clarkson maintained that it was true. A Mediawatch spokesperson said Clarkson "should learn to keep quiet". However, one reporter defended Clarkson.
Clarkson's comment about the Ferrari F430 Speciale being "speciale needs" was ruled offensive by Ofcom.
Clarkson angered gay rights campaigners after he said off air during a segment that he deserved the right "to not be bummed". It was revealed by guest Alistair Campbell on Twitter.
Series 16
The BBC received 600 complaints following the third episode of series 16, in which the presenters 'murdered' a fat Albanian and attempted to find out which of three car boots he would fit into the best. The episode was also criticised for its stereotypical views on Albania, claiming it is a nest for Albanian mafia car thieves.
In the show's Middle East special, the depiction of a baby Stig as Jesus and the use of niqabs by the trio to disguise themselves were criticised by Catholics and Muslims.
Ofcom received 19 complaints after the show had the presenters undertake a drive-by shooting on a cardboard cut-out of the Stig during the East Coast Road Trip.
Series 17
This episode showed Clarkson and May parking their electric cars in disabled parking spaces. Later the BBC defended its stars, stating that they had permission from the owners to park in the disabled spaces. A later scene showed people pushing the electric Nissan Leaf up a street while Clarkson made jokes about it having run out of charge. Nissan later discovered from onboard data logging that before the "test drive" its charge had been run down to only 40% capacity. Since then Top Gear has received criticism from electric car enthusiasts, newspapers, celebrities, and Nissan in response to their view on electric cars.
Series 18
Jeremy Clarkson was found to have breached BBC guidelines after comparing a modified Toyota Prius to the Elephant Man.
Series 19
In an unaired version of Jeremy Clarkson reviewing the Toyota GT86 and the similar Subaru BRZ, he uses eeny meeny miny moe to pick between the two cars, which has historically included the word "nigger". He mumbles through that part of the rhyme, and the Daily Mirror accused him of mumbling "nigger". In the aired version of the review, he says the word 'teacher' instead of the racial epithet.
After denying the incident, once video evidence surfaced, Clarkson issued the following apology, though maintaining that he did not use the word.
"Ordinarily I don't respond to newspaper allegations but on this occasion I feel I must make an exception. A couple of years ago I recorded an item for Top Gear in which I quote the rhyme "eeny, meeny, miny, moe". Of course, I was well aware that in the best-known version of this rhyme there is a racist expression that I was extremely keen to avoid. The full rushes show that I did three takes. In two, I mumbled where the offensive word would normally occur and in the third I replaced it altogether with the word teacher. Now when I viewed this footage several weeks later I realised that in one of the mumbled versions if you listen very carefully with the sound turned right up it did appear that I'd actually used the word I was trying to obscure. I was mortified by this, horrified. It is a word I loathe and I did everything in my power to make sure that that version did not appear in the programme that was transmitted."
"I have here the note that was sent at the time to the production office and it says: "I didn't use the N-word here but I've just listened through my headphones and it sounds like I did. Is there another take that we could use?"
"Please be assured I did everything in my power to not use that word, as I'm sitting here begging your forgiveness for the fact my efforts obviously weren't quite good enough, thank you."
Though this incident happened before the 'slope' comment in the Burma special, it did not surface until afterwards and the combined complaints caused many public figures to call for Clarkson to be fired and ultimately resulted in a 'final warning' from the BBC regarding racist remarks.
Series 20
The show was criticised by Māori peoples for the filming of a car driving on Ninety Mile Beach, which although it is a public road is considered sacred by Māori tribes.
Series 21
The show was investigated by Ofcom after the words "Pikey Peak" was depicted on a placard on the show, as "pikey" is a pejorative for people of the Traveller community.
The Top Gear presenters go across Burma and Thailand in lorries with the goal of building a bridge over the river Kwai. After building a bridge over the Kok River, Clarkson is quoted as saying "That is a proud moment, but there's a slope on it." as a native crosses the bridge, "slope" being a pejorative for Asians.
Top Gear Executive Producer Andy Wilman responded:
When we used the word slope in the recent Top Gear Burma Special it was a light-hearted word play joke referencing both the build quality of the bridge and the local Asian man who was crossing it. We were not aware at the time, and it has subsequently been brought to our attention, that the word slope is considered by some to be offensive and although it might not be widely recognised in the UK, we appreciate that it can be considered offensive to some here and overseas, for example in Australia and the USA. If we had known that at the time we would not have broadcast the word in this context and regret any offence caused.
Series 22
The show was criticised for staging a crash with two Peugeots near to where a woman died in a head-on collision in 2010, who was also driving a Peugeot.
Series 23
During the first series after Clarkson, May and Hammond's departure, the BBC came under criticism for filming Ken Block speeding and performing doughnuts near the London Cenotaph but defended the decision to film there by saying "The filming took place a respectful distance away from the Cenotaph and it was all agreed with Westminster council in advance."
References
Controversies
Jeremy Clarkson's 2015 firing from Top Gear
21st-century controversies
BBC controversies
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20Gear%20controversies
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Macedonians in the United Kingdom refers to people from North Macedonia that have formed communities in or were born in the United Kingdom. The 2011 UK Census recorded a total of 2,983 residents who stated that their country of birth was Macedonia.
History of Macedonians in the United Kingdom
The majority of Macedonians in Britain arrived after the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia permitted emigration to the West in the 1960s and 1970s. Many Macedonians especially from the Demir Hisar, Bitola and Prilep regions left for Britain during this period. During the 1980s many professionals left Skopje to work in London for the Socialist Republic of Macedonia and for international organisations stationed there. Following the Breakup of Yugoslavia hundreds of ethnic Macedonians left for Britain. After the Yugoslav Wars in the 1990s many ethnic Macedonians and Albanians from the newly independent Republic of Macedonia left for Britain as refugees.
The 2001 UK Census recorded 1,285 people born in Macedonia. The 2011 UK Census recorded 2,882 Macedonian-born residents in England, 32 in Wales, 56 in Scotland, and 13 in Northern Ireland.
Organisations
Within the United Kingdom many ethnic Macedonian based organisations have been founded. Most notable is the "Association of Macedonians in the United Kingdom" (). This group has been key in organising events amongst the ethnic Macedonian community in Britain. They have also contributed to the consecration of the Macedonian Orthodox Church in London along with the Embassy of the Republic of Macedonia in London.
The most prominent Cultural and Artistic society within the ethnic Macedonians community in the United Kingdom is the ethnic Macedonian Cultural and Artistic Association "Sonce". It was founded in London on 17 November 2003.
Macedonian Orthodox Church
The Macedonian Orthodox Church "St. Archangel Michael & All Angels", was founded by immigrants from Macedonia in 1993. At first it organised liturgy only once a year for Easter, but in 2007 a resident priest was appointed. The following year, 2008, a chapel in Soho in London became the home of the Macedonian Orthodox Church and liturgies in Macedonian have been offered there at least once a month ever since. There have been plans to construct a Cultural Centre on the site of the Church.
In 2010 a Sunday church school for Macedonian was formed with a class of about 15 children. In 2014, three new classes opened, one in London, one in Littlehampton, and the third in Oxford.
Notable individuals
See also
Macedonian diaspora
Ethnic Macedonians
North Macedonia–United Kingdom relations
References
External links
Macedonians in the UK
Embassy of the Republic of Macedonia in London
MCAA Sonce UK
Macedonian Orthodox Church London
UK
Immigration to the United Kingdom by country of origin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonians%20in%20the%20United%20Kingdom
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Chessmaster: The Art of Learning (alternatively Chessmaster XI and known on the PC as Chessmaster: Grandmaster Edition) is a 2007 chess video game developed and published by Ubisoft for the Windows, Nintendo DS, and PlayStation Portable. It is part of the Chessmaster series. The game was announced on August 10, 2007.
Gameplay
The game is narrated and instructed by Josh Waitzkin, and using principles from his book, The Art of Learning. The game uses an updated version of the King chess engine. The game database includes 600,000 matches. The Art of Learning includes six minigames: "fork my fruit" where the goal is to fork two fruits using any of the given pieces, "masterpiece" where the objective is to paint a picture by making as few moves as possible, "breaking the lines" where the aim is to capture pawns using only knights and "chain reaction" where the target is to link three or more pieces by placing them within opponent's attack range, "pawn charge" where the goal is to reach the eighth rank without being captured, and "minefield" where the objective is to defeat an invisible enemy. Multiplayer modes include "progressive chess", where opponents gain moves each turn, "dark chess" in which opponent's pieces are invisible unless under attack, "losing chess" where the objective is to lose pieces, and "extinction chess" which replaces checkmate with the win condition of capturing all of opponent's pieces. The PSP version supports Wi-Fi multiplayer. The DS version supports multi-card wireless play but doesn't support Wi-Fi. The PC network multiplayer is either via the internet or LAN.
Reception
Windows
Jeuxvideo.com concluded that "Chessmaster undoubtedly remains the reference title for the general public. [...] A completely dispensable purchase, however, if one already has the tenth edition. PC Gamer and Jeuxvideo.com said that the online lounges were deserted. Strana Igr said the game is not too different from the previous one. GamesRadar+ summarized: "Even though most gameplay and options tend to be predictably consistent, The Art of Learning is a great tool for skill building and is put together in a simple easy to use package with something to offer everyone."
Nintendo DS and PSP
IGN reviewed the DS version and said: "The only thing missing is Wi-Fi multiplayer. [...] for anyone who remotely enjoys chess, this is the definitive handheld release." Later they reviewed the PSP version and concluded: "There are a lot of modes and games to get into [...]. However, the presentation is completely phoned-in and will make you wonder why the hell this budget-looking title is priced at $30. GameZone said "the presentation sucks" in the DS version but still called it a great game for chess fans. Pocket Gamer criticized the tuition tools in the PSP version as inadequate for intermediate players. They summarized the game as a "perfect place to start" for new players. Game said the DS version is "a title suitable for everyone, young and old".
References
External links
(archived)
Patch download at The Patches Scrolls
2007 video games
Chess software
Chessmaster
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Multiplayer online games
Nintendo DS games
PlayStation Portable games
Ubisoft games
Video game sequels
Video games based on books
Video games developed in Bulgaria
Video games developed in Romania
Windows games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chessmaster%3A%20The%20Art%20of%20Learning
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The Bournemouth Raiders was an American football club based in Bournemouth, England. The club folded in May 2006.
Early days
The club was created in 1988 at Bournemouth School for Boys through a group of gridiron football enthusiasts. Starting by playing and learning the game during lunch breaks, the players created a team called the Bournemouth Deckchairs, and in the fall of 1988 played back to back games against the local under-15 team, the Bournemouth Bearcats.
Colours
The team played in black and grey uniforms, the same colours as their namesakes the Las Vegas Raiders.
League record
All-Time Results
Tables
1990 Table
1991 Table
2001 Table
2002 9man Table
2002 5man Table
2003 Table
References
The Complete List of Britball Teams
1990 official tables
1991 official tables
American football teams in England
1988 establishments in England
2006 disestablishments in England
American football teams established in 1988
American football teams disestablished in 2006
Viking Age in popular culture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bournemouth%20Raiders
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This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Carroll County, Maryland.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Carroll County, Maryland, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 62 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county, including 1 National Historic Landmark.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland
References
Carroll
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Carroll%20County%2C%20Maryland
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Leonard Bloom is a former sports and entertainment owner and real estate developer in California.
Sports
Owner- San Diego Conquistadors (American Basketball Association "ABA")
ABA / NBA Merger
The American Basketball Association (that later merged with the NBA) awarded Dr. Leonard Bloom the franchise to San Diego for an entry fee of $1 million. Leonard Bloom, President and CEO of United States Capital Corporation, was the team's sole owner. Bloom named the team the San Diego Conquistadors.
The ABA purchased the San Diego Conquistadors franchise from Dr. Bloom for an undisclosed amount to enable the ABA merger with the NBA. The San Diego Clippers originated from the Buffalo Braves in the 1978-79 NBA season and had no connection to Dr. Bloom's San Diego Conquistadors/Sails, which ceased operations during the 1975-76 ABA season.
Owner- Los Angeles Sharks (World Hockey Association "WHA")
WHA / NHL Merger
In addition to owning the San Diego Basketball franchise, Leonard Bloom also owned the Los Angeles Sharks Hockey Team in the WHA (World Hockey Association) that later merged with the NHL in 1979. The Sharks played all of their home hockey games at the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena. Dr. Bloom renovated the Los Angeles Memorial Sports Arena to accommodate his hockey team. The Los Angeles Sharks franchise has no connection with the present day San Jose Sharks, an NHL expansion franchise begun in 1991, 12 years after the WHA ceased operations.
Co-Founder / Owner- World Team Tennis League (WTT)
The World Team Tennis (WTT) Professional Tennis league was founded in 1973 by four people: Larry King (owner of San Francisco Golden Gaters), Dr. Leonard Bloom (original owner of the San Diego Swingers, owner of the ABA San Diego Conquistadors, and owner of the WHA Los Angeles Sharks) with Dennis Murphy (founder of the World Hockey Association), and Jordan Kaiser.
The WTT was organized and started with Billie Jean King securing the professional tennis players on the women's side. Dr. Bloom, along with Wilt Chamberlain and Arthur Ashe, secured the professional players on the men's side.
Leonard Bloom was one of the original founders of World Team Tennis (WTT) with Billie Jean King and Dennis Murphy. Bloom was the founder / owner of the San Diego Swingers WTT franchise.
References
Bloom, Leonard
Businesspeople from San Diego
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Bloom
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Essam Al-Qamari (, alias Zakariyya) was a decorated tank commander and Major in the Egyptian army who smuggled weapons and ammunition from army strongholds for al-Jihad as a "disciple" of the late Sayyid Qutb.
In February 1981, Egyptian police arrested a man smuggling weapons who was carrying a map of the military's tank placements. Realising that he would likely be implicated, al-Qamari took the opportunity to disappear. He is believed to have hidden at a Gamaliyya apartment owned by Muhammad Abdelrahim al-Sharqawi, that generated profits as a turnery, before acquiring another apartment in Giza with help from Ameen Yusef al-Domeiry. Meanwhile, he acquired a number of hand grenades for Abbud al-Zumar, and experimented trying to build a timer-detonator using a fan and a broken light bulb, although it failed.
He later strenuously opposed Omar Abdel-Rahman's leadership of al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya with other jihadist groups following the assassination of Anwar Sadat.
In 1988, he escaped from prison along with Khamis Muslim and Mohamed al-Aswani, ostensibly aided by Khaled Medhet al-Fiqi.
When Ayman al-Zawahiri was arrested, he was immediately asked the whereabouts of al-Qamari and told them he was staying at the Gamaliyya turnery. Since they had spoken earlier in the day about meeting at the Kit Kat Mosque, Zawahiri agreed to meet as scheduled and allow the Egyptians to arrest al-Qamari when he entered. He was arrested while performing the Nafl salat.
References
Year of birth missing
1980s deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essam%20al-Qamari
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Tom Gralish is a Pulitzer Prize-winning American photographer.
Born in Mount Clemens, Michigan, he worked for United Press International and the now-defunct Las Vegas Valley Times before coming to work for the Philadelphia Inquirer in 1983 as a photographer and photo editor. On April 7, 1985, he shot a series of photographs of homeless people on the streets of Philadelphia. This series was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1986, when Gralish was 29 years old.
References
External links
"Philadelphia's Homeless - 1985", Gralish's Pulitzer-winning photo essay
"Scene on the Road", Gralish's blog for the Inquirer.
Pulitzer listing
American photojournalists
Pulitzer Prize for Feature Photography winners
Living people
People from Mount Clemens, Michigan
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Gralish
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Cycle two of Top Model aired from September to November 2007 and featured 13 contestants competing for the title of Norges nye toppmodell (). Kathrine Sørland was replaced by Vendela Kirsebom as the host of the competition.
The winner of the competition was 18-year-old Kamilla Alnes from Ålesund.
Episodes
Episode 1
Original airdate: 3 September 2007
First call-out: Anette Wiborg
Bottom two: Ann-Jeanett Angell-Henriksen & Kine Nordeide Johansen
Eliminated: Ann-Jeanett Angell-Henriksen
Episode 2
Original airdate: 10 September 2007
First call-out: Polina Barbasova
Bottom two: Kine Nordeide Johansen & Kristina Breivik
Eliminated: Kine Nordeide Johansen
Episode 3
Original airdate: 17 September 2007
First call-out: Esther Roe
Bottom two/eliminated: Kristina Breivik & Kristina Talleraas Holen
Episode 4
Original airdate: 24 September 2007
First call-out: Julia Brønn Lyon
Bottom two: Agathe Høistad Guttuhaugen & Polina Barbasova
Eliminated: Agathe Høistad Guttuhaugen
Episode 5
Original airdate: 1 October 2007
First call-out: Anette Wiborg
Bottom two: Julia Brønn Lyon & Polina Barbasova
Eliminated: Julia Brønn Lyon
Episode 6
Original airdate: 8 October 2007
First call-out: Ivanna Petrova
Bottom two: Anette Wiborg & Kaja Hegstad Lilleng
Eliminated: Kaja Hegstad Lilleng
Episode 7
Original airdate: 15 October 2007
First call-out: Kamilla Alnes
Bottom two: Ivanna Petrova & Silje Løvik
Eliminated: Silje Løvik
Episode 8
Original airdate: 22 October 2007
Eliminated: None
Episode 9
Original airdate: 29 October 2007
First call-out: Kamilla Alnes
Bottom two: Anette Wiborg & Esther Roe
Eliminated: Anette Wiborg
Episode 10
Original airdate: 5 November 2007
First call-out: Polina Barbasova
Bottom two: Esther Roe & Ivanna Petrova
Eliminated: Esther Roe
Episode 11
Original airdate: 12 November 2007
Episode 12
Original airdate: 19 November 2007
Final three: Ivanna Petrova, Kamilla Alnes & Polina Barbasova
Norges nye toppmodell: Kamilla Alnes
Contestants
(ages stated are at start of contest)
Summaries
Call-out order
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant was immune from elimination
The contestant won the competition
Episode 3 featured a double elimination during a regular judging panel.
In episode 6, Ivanna was immune from elimination for winning the challenge.
In episode 8 there was no elimination.
In episode 10, Polina was immune from elimination for winning the challenge.
In episode 11, there was no judging panel.
Photo Shoot Guide
Episode 1 Photoshoot: Last Supper in Lingerie
Episode 2 Photoshoot: Champagne in Prague
Episode 3 Photoshoot: Sunglasses in a Lake
Episode 4 Photoshoot: Burglars
Episode 5 Photoshoot: Murder Victims
Episode 6 Photoshoot: Pin-ups
Episode 7 Photoshoot: Bathtubs in Iceland
Episode 8 Photoshoot: Shoot with Nude Men
Episode 9 Photoshoot: Styling Oneself
Episode 10 Photoshoot: Action shooting
Episode 11 Photoshoot: Bikinis in Normandy
Episode 12 Photoshoot: Carnival
Judges
Vendela Kirsebom
Jan Thomas
Bjørn Opsahl
Linda Vasquez
Mariana Verkerk - catwalk and posing coach
References
External links
Official site (Norwegian)
Norway's Next Top Model at the Internet Movie Database
Top Model Norge
2000s Norwegian television series
2007 Norwegian television series debuts
2007 Norwegian television seasons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20Model%20%28Norwegian%20season%202%29
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The 1906 Vanderbilt Cup was a motor race held on a 29.7 mile street circuit on Long Island, New York on October 6, 1906.
Just like the 1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race, this race was stopped as the crowd invaded the course.
Classification
See also
1906 Vanderbilt Elimination Race
References
Vanderbilt Cup
Vanderbilt Cup
Vanderbilt Cup
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1906%20Vanderbilt%20Cup
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The Metal Construction Association (MCA) is an industry organization in the US that was formed in 1984 with a focus on expanding the use of metal in construction through marketing, education and selective action on public policies that affect metal's use in building projects.
History
The concept of the MCA began in March 1983 when members of the now-defunct Metal Building Component Manufacturers Association wanted to create a new, expanded association. MCA took shape later that year when seed money for the new organization was contributed by the companies American Building Components, Binkley Company, Corrugated Metal, Engineered Components, McElroy Metal, Metal Building Components Inc., Moncrief Lenoir and Omega Metal Building Products. The new organization was officially named the Metal Construction Association and its purpose was to promote the use of metal in all phases of construction and collectively oppose any legislation that deters its use.
That remains the essence of MCA's strategic focus - to grow the use of metal through marketing, education and selective action on public policies that affect metal's use in building projects.
In 1998, MCA helped to establish the Metal Roofing Alliance, a national marketing initiative that has helped to achieve MCA goals in the residential market. It is a separately run entity closely aligned with MCA activities. In 2002, MCA worked with the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Metal Building Manufacturers Association (among others) as part of the Steel Coalition. In 2004, MCA launched The Metal Initiative, a program that educates decision makers and influencers in the commercial building market.
References
External links
Metal Construction Association
Trade associations based in the United States
Metal industry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal%20Construction%20Association
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The 1997 Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix was the fourteenth round of the 1997 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 28 September 1997 at the Sentul International Circuit.
500 cc classification
250 cc classification
125 cc classification
References
Indonesian motorcycle Grand Prix
Indonesia
Motorcycle Grand Prix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Indonesian%20motorcycle%20Grand%20Prix
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The Center for Head Injury Services is a nonprofit organization in St. Louis, Missouri which serves people who are living with a brain injury or disability. The organization provides community-based programs including therapies, counseling, vocational and employment services, adult day services and social enterprises. Among all clients placed in jobs, 86% are still in that job after 3 months. One of the organization's social enterprises, Destination Desserts, has received attention for its approach to employment solutions for disabled people. The Center for Head Injury Services is a 501(c)(3) organization governed by a board of directors and led by an executive director.
In 2011, actor Gary Busey selected the Center for Head Injury Services as his charity while competing on the reality television show Celebrity Apprentice 4. Busey, who survived a motorcycle accident in December 1988 that resulted in a severe brain injury, was able to raise $40,000 for the Center for Head Injury Services before being fired in episode 7.
References
External links
Center for Head Injury Services website
Charities based in Missouri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Head%20Injury%20Services
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The 1997 Australian motorcycle Grand Prix was the last round of the 1997 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on 5 October 1997 at the Phillip Island Grand Prix Circuit.
500 cc classification
250 cc classification
125 cc classification
References
Australian motorcycle Grand Prix
Australian
Motorcycle
Motorsport at Phillip Island
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20Australian%20motorcycle%20Grand%20Prix
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John McDougall (c. 1853 – 16 May 1925) was a Scottish footballer, who played for Scotland between 1877 and 1879. During his international career he played five matches, scoring four goals. He was the first player to score a hat-trick in an international game, scoring three goals for Scotland against England in a 7–2 win on 2 March 1878. During his domestic career he played for Vale of Leven.
International matches
See also
List of Scotland national football team captains
List of Scotland national football team hat-tricks
References
External links
Scotland stats at London Hearts Supporters Club
1850s births
1925 deaths
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Vale of Leven F.C. players
Men's association football forwards
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20McDougall%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201853%29
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Diana Lee Inosanto is an American actress, director, stuntwoman, and martial artist. She also wrote and directed the film The Sensei (2008), and wrote the 2020 children's book The Curious Mind of Sebastian.
Personal life
Inosanto is married to fellow martial artist Ron Balicki. They have two children.
Career
Martial arts
Inosanto grew up surrounded by the martial arts world, studying many forms, including Jeet Kune Do and Eskrima, which she learned from her father, Dan Inosanto, a student of Jeet Kune Do founder Bruce Lee, who was also her godfather. She has appeared on the cover of numerous martial arts magazines, including Black Belt Magazine, Martial Arts, Inside Karate, Self Defense, and Inside Kung Fu. She was named Woman of the Year by Black Belt Magazine in 2009.
Film and television
Apart from doing stunt work and choreography in numerous films and television productions, Inosanto has also acted in a number of movies and series. Her directorial debut, The Sensei, was released in 2008.
In 2020, Inosanto appeared in one episode of the second season of Disney's The Mandalorian, playing the role of Magistrate Morgan Elsbeth and later reprised the role in Ahsoka.
Theatre
Inosanto is active in Southern California theatre as a member of the Asian American theatre group Lodestone Theatre Ensemble. In 2008 she worked with East West Players, serving as martial arts choreographer on the world premiere of Dan Kwong's play Be Like Water.
Writing
In 2020, Inosanto published her first book, the children's story The Curious Mind of Sebastian. The same year, she also contributed a foreword to the Fiaz Rafiq book Bruce Lee: The Life of a Legend.
Selected filmography
Moonlighting (1986–87) (actress – 7 episodes)
Barb Wire (1996) (stunts)
Buffy the Vampire Slayer (1997–2002) (stunts – 7 episodes)
Spy Game (1997) (stunts)
Face/Off (1997) (stunts)
Team Knight Rider (1997) (stunts)
Red Corner (1997) (stunts)
The Roseanne Show (1997) (stunts)
Walker, Texas Ranger (1997–98) (stunts – 4 episodes)
Blade (1998) (stunts, actress)
The Patriot (1998) (stunts)
The Last Man on Planet Earth (1999) (stunts)
Wild Wild West (1999) (stunts)
Mystery Men (1999) (stunts)
MADtv (1999) (actress – 1 episode)
Life Streams (2000) (actress, co-producer)
Black Scorpion (2001) (stunts)
Fists of Cheese (2002) (Assistant stunt coordinator, associate producer)
The Time Machine (2002) (actress)
On Sundays (2002) (co-producer)
A Ribbon of Dreams (2002) (associate producer)
Modern Warriors (2002) (herself)
Star Trek: Enterprise (2002–05) (stunts)
Hulk (2003) (actress)
10-8: Officers on Duty (2003) (stunts)
Resident Evil: Apocalypse (2004) (fight choreographer)
The Vault (2005) (actress)
Rent (2005) (actress)
The Prodigy (2006) (actress, associate producer)
The Fast and the Furious: Tokyo Drift (2006) (actress)
The Sensei (2008) (writer, director, producer, actress)
Sinners and Saints (2010) (co-producer, assistant stunt coordinator)
I, Frankenstein (2014) (martial arts trainer to Aaron Eckhart / Socratis Otto)
Spy (2015) (Martial arts trainer to Melissa McCarthy)
The Mandalorian (2020) (actress – 1 episode)
Ahsoka (2023) (actress – 7 episodes)
References
External links
American Jeet Kune Do practitioners
American stunt performers
American film actresses
American actresses of Filipino descent
Living people
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
Actresses of Filipino descent
People from Carson, California
People from Harbor City, Los Angeles
American television actresses
Year of birth missing (living people)
Narbonne High School alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana%20Lee%20Inosanto
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The Bridge of Gemarrin is a Roman bridge in the village of Jemarrin near the ancient city of Bosra in southern Syria. The bridge belonged to the Roman road to Soada Dionysias (As-Suwayda), crossing the Wadi Zeidi some kilometers north of Bostra.
Today, the structure presents itself essentially as an arch skeleton: while the three semi-circular arches, made from local basalt, are still extant, the roadway and the fill have been removed to expose the top of the arch vaults. Obliquely running embankments on both sides of the wadi force the water in the river bed under the bridge.
At least two other Roman bridges over the Wadi Zeidi, the Kharaba Bridge and the one At-Tayyibeh, have survived to this day.
See also
List of Roman bridges
Roman architecture
Roman engineering
References
Sources
Roman bridges in Syria
Deck arch bridges
Stone bridges in Syria
Buildings and structures in Daraa Governorate
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemarrin%20Bridge
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The 2003 SEC Championship Game was won by the LSU Tigers 34–13 over the Georgia Bulldogs. The game was played in the Georgia Dome in Atlanta, Georgia.
References
External links
Recap of the game at ESPN.com
Story at LSUSports.net
SEC Championship
SEC Championship Game
Georgia Bulldogs football games
LSU Tigers football games
December 2003 sports events in the United States
2003 in sports in Georgia (U.S. state)
2003 in Atlanta
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20SEC%20Championship%20Game
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The Yorkshire rebellion took place in England in 1489, during the reign of King Henry VII. Relatively little is known about this rebellion; its main account is found in Polydore Vergil's Anglica Historia.
Prelude
Parliament granted Henry VII a subsidy of £100,000 to help defend Brittany, an ally of England in its war against France. King Henry sent Henry Percy, 4th Earl of Northumberland to collect taxes to help raise more money for this campaign. However, many of the people in Northumberland and Yorkshire claimed to have already paid their part through local taxes. They were unwilling to give more money to defend a country of no geographical threat to them, as Yorkshire and Northumberland are in Northern England, whereas Brittany is closer to Cornwall and London. The people of the North had also been affected by a poor harvest in 1488, already subjecting them to financial difficulty. After having to pay for military action in Scotland, they were far less able to do so again.
Rebellion
Rebellion broke out in April 1489. The Earl of Northumberland met with the rebels, but a scuffle broke out and he was killed. The rebels then asked for pardon, but were denied it by the king who sent a large army of 8,000 to the north, led by Thomas, Earl of Surrey. The rebels dispersed and the rebel leader, John à Chambre, was hanged for treason, so they found a new leader in Sir John Egremont (an illegitimate member of the House of Percy). Unfortunately for the rebels, Egremont proved to be unreliable and fled to the Court of Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, a staunch opposer to Henry's rule.
Aftermath
The results of this rebellion led the rebels to receive a royal pardon, and no further taxes were collected; thus Henry was unable to raise enough money to defend Brittany. He also became aware of the lawless nature of the North of England, which had been loyal to King Richard III, who had spent more time in the North than any previous King of England.
Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, who was sent to deal with the Yorkist threat, was made into Henry's Lieutenant in the North. With no estates or interests in the north, Surrey was able to spend many years reconciling the region to Tudor rule. For the remainder of his reign, Henry faced no more significant rebellions in Northern England.
References
Sources
History of Yorkshire
1489 in England
Conflicts in 1489
Henry VII of England
Tax resistance in the United Kingdom
Tudor rebellions
15th-century rebellions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire%20rebellion%201489
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The 15th Cannes Film Festival was held from 7 to 23 May 1962. The Palme d'Or went to the O Pagador de Promessas by Anselmo Duarte. The festival opened with Les Amants de Teruel, directed by Raymond Rouleau.
During the Cannes Film Festival of 1961, Robert Favre le Bret, Artistic Director of the Cannes Film Festival, with the agreement of the French Union of Film Critics, had decided to establish the International Critics' Week during the next Festival. In 1962, this parallel section of the Festival took place for the first time. Its goal was to showcase first and second works by directors from all over the world, not succumbing to commercial tendencies.
Jury
The following people were appointed as the Jury of the 1962 competition:
Feature films
Tetsurō Furukaki (Japan) (author) Jury President
Henry Deutschmeister (France) Vice President
Sophie Desmarets (France)
Jean Dutourd (France)
Mel Ferrer (USA)
Romain Gary (France)
Jerzy Kawalerowicz (Poland)
Ernst Krüger (West Germany)
Yuli Raizman (Soviet Union)
Mario Soldati (Italy)
François Truffaut (France)
Short films
Charles Ford (France) (author) President
Charles Duvanel (Switzerland)
Derek Prouse (UK)
Georges Rouquier (France)
Andréas Winding (France)
Official selection
In competition - Feature film
The following feature films competed for the Palme d'Or:
Adorable Julia (Julia, Du bist zauberhaft) by Alfred Weidenmann
Advise and Consent by Otto Preminger
All Fall Down by John Frankenheimer
Âmes et rythmes by Abdelaziz Ramdani
And Love Has Vanished (Dvoje) by Aleksandar Petrović
A Bomb Was Stolen (S-a furat o bombă) by Ion Popescu-Gopo
The Bread of Those Early Years (Das Brot der frühen Jahre) by Herbert Vesely
Captive Flock (Pleneno yato) by Ducho Mundrov
Children of the Sun (Les Enfants du soleil) by Jacques Séverac
Cléo from 5 to 7 (Cléo de 5 à 7) by Agnès Varda
Devi by Satyajit Ray
Divorce, Italian Style (Divorzio all'italiana) by Pietro Germi
L'Eclisse by Michelangelo Antonioni
Elektra (Ilektra) by Michael Cacoyannis
The Exterminating Angel (El ángel exterminador) by Luis Buñuel
The Female: Seventy Times Seven (Setenta veces siete) by Leopoldo Torre Nilsson
Foundry Town (Kyupora no aru machi) by Kirio Urayama
Harry and the Butler (Harry og kammertjeneren) by Bent Christensen
The Impossible Goodbye (Dom bez okien) by Stanislaw Jedryka
In the Steps of Buddha by Pragnasoma Hettiarachi
The Innocents by Jack Clayton
Joseph the Dreamer (Ba'al Hahalomot) by Alina Gross and Yoram Gross
Konga Yo by Yves Allégret
Liberté I by Yves Ciampi
Long Day's Journey Into Night by Sidney Lumet
The Lovers of Teruel (Les Amants de Teruel) by Raymond Rouleau
The Magnificent Concubine (Yang Kwei Fei) by Li Han Hsiang
Man in Outer Space (Muž z prvního století) by Oldřich Lipský
Mondo Cane by Gualtiero Jacopetti, Paolo Cavara and Franco Prosperi
O Pagador de Promessas by Anselmo Duarte
Plácido by Luis García Berlanga
The Small Stranger (Al Gharib al Saghir) by Georges Nasser
A Taste of Honey by Tony Richardson
The Trial of Joan of Arc (Procès de Jeanne d'Arc) by Robert Bresson
When the Trees Were Tall (Kogda derevya byli bolshimi) by Lev Kulidzhanov
Films out of competition
The following films were selected to be screened out of competition:
Boccaccio '70 by Cesare Zavattini, Luchino Visconti, Mario Monicelli and Federico Fellini
Le Crime ne paie pas by Gérard Oury
Short film competition
The following short films competed for the Short Film Palme d'Or:
Akheytzi by Lada Boyadjieva
Anarkali, My Beautiful by Jean-Claude See
Big City Blues by Charles Huguenot Van Der Linden
Bolshie nepriyatnosti by Vladimir Brumberg & Zinaida Brumberg
Certosa di pavia by Carlo Ludovico Ragghianti
Clovek pod vodou by Jiří Brdečka
Couro de gato by Joaquim Pedro de Andrade
Danza Espanola by Juan Gyenes
Faces by Edward McConnell
Image Of The Sea by Richard Alan Gray
An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (La Rivière du Hibou) by Robert Enrico
Le Hampi by Claude Jutra, Roger Morilliere, Jean Rouch
Les Dieux du feu by Henri Storck
Les quatre saisons by Niklaus Gessner
Ljubav I Film by Ivo Vrbanic
Oczekiwanie by Witold Giersz & Ludwik Perski
Pan by Herman van der Horst
Rodolphe Bresdin by Nelly Kaplan
Roma momenti in Jazz by Enzo Battaglia
Saguenay by Chris Chapman
Szenvedely by Jozsef Nepp
Tagebuch eines Reporters by Manfred Durniok
Teeth Is Money by Jean Delire & Eddy Ryssack
The Australian Landscape Painters by Richard Mason
The Sound of Speed by Bruce Kessler
Voronet by Ion Bostan
Zambesi by Raymond Hancock
Parallel section
International Critics' Week
The following feature films were selected to be screened for the 1st International Critics' Week (1e Semaine de la Critique):
Adieu Philippine by Jacques Rozier (France)
Alias Big Shot (Alias Gardelito) by Lautaro Murúa (Argentina)
Bad Boys (Furyō shōnen) by Susumu Hani (Japan)
The Living Camera: Mooney vs. Fowle by Claude Fournier, Richard Leacock, James Lipscomb, Abbot Mills, D. A. Pennebaker, William Ray (United States)
Les Inconnus de la terre by Mario Ruspoli (France)
I nuovi angeli by Ugo Gregoretti (Italy)
Les Oliviers de la justice by James Blue (France)
Strangers in the City by Rick Carrier (United States)
All Souls' Day (Zaduszki) by Tadeusz Konwicki (Poland)
Tres veces Ana by David José Kohon (Argentina)
Awards
Official awards
The following films and people received the 1962 Official selection awards:
Palme d'Or: O Pagador de Promessas by Anselmo Duarte
Jury Special Prize:
L'Eclisse by Michelangelo Antonioni
The Trial of Joan of Arc (Procès de Jeanne d'Arc) by Robert Bresson
Best Actress:
Katharine Hepburn for Long Day's Journey Into Night
Rita Tushingham for A Taste of Honey
Best Actor:
Dean Stockwell, Jason Robards and Ralph Richardson for Long Day's Journey Into Night
Murray Melvin for A Taste of Honey
Best Cinematic Transposition: Elektra (Ilektra) by Michael Cacoyannis
Best Comedy: Divorce, Italian Style (Divorzio all'italiana) by Pietro Germi
Short films
Short Film Palme d'Or: An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge (La Rivière du Hibou) by Robert Enrico
Prix spécial du Jury: Oczekiwanie by Witold Giersz & Ludwik Perski
Short film Technical Prize:
Les Dieux du feu by Henri Storck
Oczekiwanie by Witold Giersz & Ludwik Perski
Pan by Herman van der Horst
Independent awards
FIPRESCI
FIPRESCI Prize: The Exterminating Angel (El ángel exterminador) by Luis Buñuel
Commission Supérieure Technique
Technical Grand Prize:
The Lovers of Teruel (Les Amants de Teruel) by Raymond Rouleau
Elektra (Ilektra) by Michael Cacoyannis
The Magnificent Concubine (Yang Kwei Fei) by Li Han Hsiang
OCIC Award
The Trial of Joan of Arc (Procès de Jeanne d'Arc) by Robert Bresson
References
Media
British Pathé: Cannes Film Festival 1962 footage
British Pathé: Cannes Film Festival 1962 Awards
INA: Opening of the 1962 festival (commentary in French)
INA: Atmosphere at the 1962 Cannes Festival (commentary in French)
INA: List of winners of the 1962 Cannes Festival (commentary in French)
External links
1962 Cannes Film Festival (web.archive)
Official website Retrospective 1962
Cannes Film Festival Awards for 1962 at Internet Movie Database
Cannes Film Festival, 1962
Cannes Film Festival, 1962
Cannes Film Festival
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1962%20Cannes%20Film%20Festival
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Top Model, cycle 1 was the first cycle of the Norwegian adaptation of Top Model. It aired on TV3 from September to November 2006. The winner of the competition was 16-year-old Maria Eilertsen from Stavanger.
Contestants
(ages stated are at start of contest)
Summaries
Call-out order
The contestant was eliminated
The contestant won the competition
Bottom two
The contestant was eliminated after their first time in the bottom two
The contestant was eliminated after their second time in the bottom two
The contestant was eliminated after their third time in the bottom two
The contestant was eliminated after their fourth time in the bottom two
The contestant was eliminated and placed as the runner-up
Photo Shoot Guide
Episode 2 Photoshoot: Makeover Shoot
Episode 3 Photoshoot: Bikini BonAqua Shoot
Episode 4 Photoshoot: Beauty Shot with Glasses
Episode 5 Photoshoot: Lingerie Shoot
Episode 6 Photoshoot: Shoot in the Rain
Episode 7 Photoshoot: Shoot on a Boat
Episode 8 Photoshoot: Galla Shot
Episode 9 Photoshoot: Jungle Shoot with Snake
Episode 10 Photoshoot: Brides on the Road
Episode 11 Photoshoot: Ballerinas
Episode 12 Photoshoot: Galla Shot
Judges
Kathrine Sørland
Hervé Bernard
Sunniva Stordal
Mette Mortensen
References
External links
Official site (Norwegian)
Norway's Next Top Model at the Internet Movie Database
Top Model Norge
2000s Norwegian television series
2006 Norwegian television series debuts
2006 Norwegian television seasons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20Model%20%28Norwegian%20season%201%29
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Jacques Favart (30 July 1920 – 27 September 1980) was a French sports official and figure skater.
He won the French Figure Skating Championships in men's singles in 1942. As a pair skater, he competed with his wife Denise Favart from 1946 to 1950. They placed 14th at the 1948 Winter Olympics.
He served as president of the International Skating Union from 1967 to 1980, and of Fédération Française des Sports de Glace from 1968 to 1969.
He was inaugurated in the World Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1993.
Competitive highlights
Single skating
Pair skating
(with Denise Favart)
WD = Withdrawn
References
ISU statistics
various news papers
Magazin Patinage artistique
External links
International Skating Union – Past Presidents at www.isu.org
1920 births
1980 deaths
French referees and umpires
French male single skaters
French male pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for France
Figure skaters at the 1948 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters from Paris
Presidents of the International Skating Union
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques%20Favart
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Lee Sun-fung () (1 June 1909 - 21 May 1985) was a Chinese film director, writer and actor from Hong Kong.
Early life
On 1 June 1909, Lee was born in Guangdong, Qing Empire.
Career
Between 1940 and 1978, Lee has directed over 50 Hong Kong films. Three of his films were included in the Hong Kong Film Awards' list of "Best 100 Chinese Motion Pictures" in 2005: The Orphan (1960), Cold Nights (1955), and Feast of a Rich Family (1959), which he co-directed with Lee Tit, Ng Wui and Lo Ji-Hung.
Lee is credited with over 60 films as director, over 50 films as writer, and over 15 films as actor.
Filmography
Films
This is a partial list of films.
1941 The Metropolis
1955 Cold Nights () - Director, writer.
1960 The Orphan - Director
1972 The Loner - Director
Personal life
Lee's wife is Yuet-ching Lee, an actress. Lee's third son is Sil-hong Lee. On 21 May 1985, Lee died.
References
External links
The Cinema of Lee Sun-fung at the Hong Kong Film Archive via archive.is
Lee Sun Fung at hkcinemagic.com
Film directors from Guangdong
Hong Kong film directors
1909 births
1985 deaths
Chinese film directors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Sun-fung
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Aghibasiin-Lessons on How To Defeat Death is the first compilation album, and fifth album overall, by the black metal band Naer Mataron. It was originally released on Shadowface Releases in 2004 and limited to 1000 hand-numbered copies, but was later re-released on Anti-Xtian Terror Records and limited to 300 hand-numbered copies. The re-released version contains two bonus tracks.
Track listing
Alchemist – 9:12
Zeus (Wrath Of The Gods) – 4:22
Zephyrous – 5:12
Winter War Memorial – 7:03
Iketis – 5:12
A Holocaust In Front Of God's Eyes – 4:54
Steppe – 6:10
Kalki The Avenger – Lightning And The Sun (Death) – 2:32
Iketis (bonus live video)
Diastric Fields Of War (bonus live video)
Faethon (bonus live video)
Skotos Aenaon (bonus live video)
Wolf Of Ions... (bonus live video)
External links
Official homepage
Metal Archives
2004 compilation albums
Naer Mataron albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghibasiin-Lessons%20on%20How%20to%20Defeat%20Death
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SM U-11 or U-XI was a in the Austro-Hungarian Navy ( or ) during World War I. She was originally a German Type UB I submarine commissioned into the German Imperial Navy () as SM UB-15.
SM UB-15 was constructed in Germany and shipped by rail to Pola, where she was assembled and launched. She was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy in April and sank an Italian submarine in June. The boat was handed over to Austria-Hungary and commissioned as SM U-11 on 14 June. In early 1916, U-11 fired on a British submarine, but missed. After the end of the war, U-11 was handed over to Italy as a war reparation and scrapped at Pola by 1920.
Design and construction
U-11 was a small coastal submarine that displaced surfaced and submerged. She featured a single shaft, a single Körting diesel engine for surface running, and a single electric motor for submerged travel. U-11 was capable of up to while surfaced and while submerged at a diving depth of up to . She was designed for a crew of 17 officers and men.
U-11 was equipped with two torpedo tubes located in the front and carried a complement of two torpedoes. German Type UB I submarines were additionally equipped with a machine gun, but it is not clear from sources if U-11a former German boatwas fitted with one, or if it was, retained it in Austro-Hungarian service. In October 1916, U-11s armament was supplemented with a /18 (2.6 in) gun.
UB-15 was laid down on 9 November 1914 at AG Weser in Bremen. The submarine was shipped by rail in sections to Pola Navy Yard, where the sections were riveted together. There is no known surviving record of how long it took for UB-15's sections to be assembled. However, a similar ship () was built in two weeks.
Operational history
UB-15
SM UB-15 was commissioned into the German Imperial Navy under the command of Oberleutnant zur See Heino von Heimburg on 11 April. An Austro-Hungarian Navy officer was assigned to the boat for piloting and training purposes. On 10 June, UB-15 sank the Italian submarine Medusa for a loss of 245 tons off Porto di Piave Vecchia in the Northern Adriatic. Like all Type UB I and U-10 class submarines, UB-15 was equipped with compensating tanks designed to flood and offset the loss of one of the C/06 torpedoes. However, they did not always function correctly; when firing from periscope depth the boat could broach after firing or, if too much weight was taken on, plunge to the depths. When UB-15 torpedoed and sank Medusa, the tank failed to properly compensate, forcing all of the crewmen to run to the stern to offset the trim imbalance and prevent the ship from sinking.
U-11
On 18 June, UB-15 was handed over to the Austro-Hungarian Navy and commissioned as U-11 under the command of Linienschiffsleutnant Lüdwig Eberhardt. U-11 retained its German crew until 18 June 1916, when they were replaced by an all Austro-Hungarian one. In early 1916, U-11 unsuccessfully attacked the British submarine in the Gulf of Fiume. U-11 captured one ship in her Austro-Hungarian service, and was handed over to Italy as a war reparation and scrapped at Pola by 1920.
Summary of raiding history
Notes
References
Bibliography
Ships built in Bremen (state)
Ships built in Pola
U-boats commissioned in 1915
World War I submarines of Germany
U-10-class submarines
World War I submarines of Austria-Hungary
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM%20U-11%20%28Austria-Hungary%29
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Sir John Henry Douglas Whitmore, 2nd Baronet (16 October 1937 – 28 April 2017) was a pioneer of the executive coaching industry, an author and British racing driver.
Family life and background
John Whitmore was born on 16 October 1937, the son of Sir Francis Whitmore and Ellis Johnsen. He was educated at Eton College, Royal Military Academy Sandhurst and Cirencester Agricultural College. He inherited The Orsett Estate Company at Orsett, Essex, in 1962, on the death of his father. The inheritance included the family seat of Orsett Hall, from the grounds of which he used to take off and land his plane. In 1968, he sold the house to his friends, Tony and Val Morgan. He married twice, first to Ella Gunilla Hansson, from whom he was divorced in 1969, and later to Diana Becchetti. He had a child from each marriage. He died on 28 April 2017.
Early career (in motor racing)
In his first year in the competition, 1961, Whitmore won the British Saloon Car Championship in his BMC Mini Minor. In 1963 he drove again in the BSCC and came second in the championship in a Mini Cooper, finishing just two points behind Jack Sears. In 1965 he won the European Touring Car Championship in a Lotus Cortina (KPU392C). He won by finishing first in his class in 8 of the 9 1965 ETCC races (and finishing first overall in 6 of the races).
Sir John drove in the 24 Hours of Le Mans for five years between 1959 and 1966. In the first year he finished tenth overall and second in class along with Jim Clark in the Border Reivers Lotus Elite. In 1965 (with Innes Ireland) and 1966 (with Frank Gardner) he raced in a works Ford GT40, but had to retire from the race both years with mechanical problems. At the end of 1966 he retired from racing. He returned later in life to driving in historic car events such as the Goodwood Revival.
Racing record
Complete British Saloon Car Championship results
(key) (Races in bold indicate pole position; races in italics indicate fastest lap.)
† Events with 2 races staged for the different classes.
Complete 24 Hours of Le Mans results
Later career (in business and coaching)
After leaving racing and the world of motor-sports, he became interested in transpersonal psychology and its emphasis on the principle of will, intention, or responsibility. He went on to apply his learning and skills first to the world of sport and then to business. In 1970, he studied at the Esalen Institute in Slates Hot Springs, California, with the likes of William Schutz (creator of team development model FIRO-B), and then trained with Harvard educationalist and tennis expert Timothy Gallwey, who created the Inner Game methodology of performance coaching.
Sir John founded the Inner Game in Britain in 1979 with a small team of Inner Game coaches trained by Gallwey. Initially they coached tennis players and golfers but they soon realized the value for leaders and managers of organizations. At this point Sir John coined the term "performance coaching" - this was the birth of the modern coaching movement as we know it.
In the early 1980s he and partners founded Performance Consultants, a provider of coaching, leadership development and performance improvement. Sir John and his colleagues spent much of the 1980s developing the methodology, concepts, and techniques for performance improvement in organizations and showed it was possible to improve performance, increase learning and enjoyment, and find a sense of purpose in work.
Sir John is regarded as the pioneer in the field of business coaching. Along with Tim Gallwey, Laura Whitworth and Thomas J. Leonard, he is credited with launching modern coaching in the 1970s. For some people, Sir John will always be best known as the co-creator of the GROW model, one of the most established and successful coaching models. He presented at numerous conferences around the world and contributed to many other books such as Challenging Coaching and Coaching at Work.
In the 1990s, Sir John was a co-founder, along with Eric Parsloe, David Clutterbuck, David Megginson and Julie Hay, of the European Mentoring and Coaching Council (EMCC).
Sir John was involved with the Professional and Personal Coaches Association (PPCA), an organization that merged in 1998 with the International Coach Federation (ICF). He served as a Trustee for the ICF Foundation until his death in 2017.
Awards
Whitmore received a number of awards outside his career in motor racing, including:
A Lifetime Achievement Award from the International Association of Coaching ("IAC") in 2013, presented to him by the IAC President, Krishna Kumar; and
Bibliography
Whitmore wrote a book titled Coaching for Performance. published by Nicholas Brealey Publishing. It contains details of his coaching model, known as the GROW model. The first four editions sold a million copies in 23 languages. The fifth edition was published in 2017.
Whitmore also wrote the foreword to and is extensively quoted in a book called Nine: Briefing from Deep Space which was published in 2005. The book is based upon interviews with extraterrestrial beings which a group of people including Whitmore, as well as Phyllis Schlemmer and Uri Geller, claimed to have had over a number of years. The book and Whitmore himself have been quoted and spoken about on a number of websites which explore such claims. During the 1970s, Whitmore commissioned Star Trek creator Gene Roddenberry to write a script for a movie that he was intending to fund called The Nine, but the deal fell through.
Media coverage
Sir John has been interviewed numerous times. Some examples include:
By Coaching at Work magazine
At the European Commission
In Coaching Magazine
In a journal titled Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice
References
Further reading
John Whitmore in Simon Taylor's Lunch with... series in Motor Sport magazine
External links
Daily Telegraph Interview on Le Mans
1937 births
2017 deaths
People from Orsett
English racing drivers
People educated at Eton College
British Touring Car Championship drivers
British Touring Car Championship Champions
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
24 Hours of Le Mans drivers
World Sportscar Championship drivers
European Touring Car Championship drivers
English sports coaches
English male non-fiction writers
English self-help writers
12 Hours of Reims drivers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Whitmore%20%28racing%20driver%29
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Povl Bang-Jensen (6 April 1909 – 25 November 1959) was a Danish diplomat who refused to hand over a list of eighty-one witnesses to the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 to his UN superiors. It is thought that he considered their identities sensitive information, and if they were turned over to the UN Secretariat, they could be leaked to the Soviet Union, and reprisals could possibly be taken against their relatives in Hungary.
Investigators claim he was found dead of a gunshot wound with the gun in his hand and suicide note in his pocket in a park in Queens, New York City, on 26 November 1959 (Thanksgiving Day). Some analysts exclude suicide in spite of the results of the FBI report; for example, the fatal gunshot wound was located on his right temple, but Bang-Jensen was left-handed. Also, cited in W. Cleon Skousen's The Naked Communist, a letter to his wife prior to the incident included the statement, "Under no circumstances whatsoever would I ever commit suicide. This would be contrary to my whole nature and to my religious convictions. If any note was found to the opposite effect in my handwriting, it would be a fake." Also, Bang-Jensen had left his home 72 hours earlier to catch a bus. The coroner found he had been dead only a few hours, which indicated possible abduction.
His body was incinerated and buried in Denmark. A tombstone was placed in Budapest in Plot #301 of the New Cemetery of Rákoskeresztúr, among those for whom he fought.
His story is presented in a book by DeWitt Copp and Marshall Peck, Betrayal at the UN, the story of Povl Bang-Jensen, and in a Hungarian documentary, The Bang-Jensen affair (A Bang-Jensen ügy, 2008), directed by András Surányi.
References
External links
1909 births
1959 deaths
20th-century Danish diplomats
Danish anti-communists
Deaths by firearm in Queens, New York
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Povl%20Bang-Jensen
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Horst Stemke (born March 4, 1942) is a retired U.S. soccer defender who was a member of the U.S. soccer team at the 1972 Summer Olympics.
Youth
Born in Lubin, Germany, Stemke grew up in Green Bay, Wisconsin. He attended the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay, playing on the men’s soccer team from 1970 to 1973. He was a 1972 honorable mention (third team) All American and was inducted into the University of Wisconsin Green Bay Hall of Fame in 1993.
Olympics
In 1967, he joined the U.S. Olympic Soccer Team for its ultimately unsuccessful qualification campaign for the 1968 Summer Olympics. He was called into the Olympic team for the 1972 Summer Olympics. This time around, he and his team mates made the Olympic tournament. He played all three games as the U.S. went 0-2-1. He ended his Olympic team career having played 16 total games with the team.
Coach
Stemke has spent several decades coaching in the Green Bay area. He was a founding member of the Green Bay Lightning Youth Soccer Club and coached at Preble High School. He was inducted into the Wisconsin Adult Soccer Association (WASA) Hall of Fame in 1989.
His son, Kevin Stemke was an NFL punter for several years.
References
1942 births
People from Lubin
Footballers from Lower Silesian Voivodeship
German emigrants to the United States
American soccer coaches
American men's soccer players
Soccer players from Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Green Bay, Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin–Green Bay alumni
Michigan State Spartans men's soccer players
Olympic soccer players for the United States
Footballers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Living people
Men's association football defenders
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%20Stemke
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Secret admirer may refer to:
Secret admirer, an individual who has feelings of affection towards another person without revealing their identity to the object of their affection
Secret Admirer (film), 1985 film directed by David Greenwalt starring C. Thomas Howell and Lori Loughlin
Secret Admirer (soundtrack) for the 1985 film directed by David Greenwalt
"Secret Admirer" (Frasier), the sixth episode in season six of American situation comedy Frasier
Secret Admirer (song), a song by American rapper Pitbull
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20admirer%20%28disambiguation%29
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The Créole was a three-masted schooner sloop of war of the French Navy.
On 26 April 1809, she left île de France under captain Bouvet, part of Hamelin's squadron. She sailed to Manilla, where she captured a British and a Portuguese prize. She took part in the re-captured of Foulpointe settlement.
In October 1809, she seized and destroyed the British settlement of Tapanoolie, near Sumatra. She took part in the action of 18 November 1809, before returning to Île de France. There, she was converted to a brig.
She sailed to Saint Helena in 1811, and returned to Brest in 1812.
She was wrecked in Senegal on 30 November 1823.
Sources and references
(Group Retozel-Maury Millau)
Age of Sail corvettes of France
1808 ships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20brig%20Cr%C3%A9ole%20%281808%29
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The Tilbury power stations were two thermal power stations on the north bank of the River Thames at Tilbury in Essex. The 360 MW dual coal- and oil-fired Tilbury A Power Station operated from 1956 until 1981 when it was mothballed, prior to demolition in 1999. The 1,428 MW Tilbury B Power Station operated between 1968 and 2013 and was fueled by coal, as well as co-firing with oil and, from 2011, biomass. Tilbury B was demolished in 2016–19. Since 2013 three other power stations have been proposed or constructed in Tilbury.
History
A station
Tilbury A power station was planned from 1947 by the County of London Electricity Supply Company Limited. Following the nationalisation of the electricity industry in 1948 the plans were taken forward successively by the British Electricity Authority, the Central Electricity Authority and from 1958 the Central Electricity Generating Board. Construction of Tilbury A was sanctioned in 1950 and began in 1951 and was initially commissioned in 1956 by the Central Electricity Authority. After operating for 25 years the A station was mothballed by the CEGB in 1981 and eventually demolished in 1999, mostly everything including the turbine hall was demolished. The waste water and a small part of the station remained due to being a listed building The site was entirely cleared in 2019 for the construction of the Tilbury2 port.
B station
The CEGB began construction of the larger 1,428 MW Tilbury B station in 1961. This was commissioned in 1968 and was operating at full capacity by 1969. On privatisation of the electricity industry in 1990 it was assigned to National Power, and was later operated by RWE npower.
Conversion to biomass
In May 2011, RWE began converting the B station to burn biomass only. They hoped the conversion would allow 750 MW of electricity to be generated from burning wood pellets imported from a pelleting plant in Georgia, USA, and other sources from Europe by the winter of 2011. This conversion made the station the biggest biomass generating site in the world.
In July 2013 RWE npower announced they were halting the conversion due to difficulty in converting and financing the plant. It was mothballed after failing to receive a government grant and was decommissioned and subsequently demolished during 2016–9.
C station
In early 2007, npower announced plans to replace the B station with a 1,600 MW 'cleaner' coal-fired power station. The station would have cost £1 billion to build and was hoped to be operational by 2014. The plans were supported by the Port of London Authority. RWE had also planned to build a clean coal power station at Blyth but they have since postponed both schemes.
Design and specification
A station
Sir Alexander Gibb and Partners were the civil consulting engineers and architects of Tilbury A; the main consulting engineers were Merz & McLellan. The A station was built on the 226 acre (91.5 hectare) site and was a steel framed construction with elevations in London stock brick. The integrated boiler house and turbine hall were lit by tall rectangular windows, with ancillary buildings by smaller square windows. The A station had two 100 metre high concrete chimneys.
Tilbury A had six 60 MW steam turbo-alternators three were manufactured by English Electric and three by Parsons giving a total output of 360 MW. It was designed as a coal-fired station with coal delivered to the jetty on the Thames and stored initially to the east and later to the north of the building. Soon after completion in 1958 the station was adapted to also burn oil. The total steam capacity of the John Thompson boilers was 3,240,000 lb/hr (408 kg/s). The steam pressure and temperature at the turbine stop-valve was 900 psi (62 bar) and 482 °C. The alternators generated current at 11.4 kV. Cooling water was drawn from, and returned to, the Thames via caissons in the fueling jetty. The station connected to the National Grid at the nearby 275 kV Tilbury substation. Tilbury A had several railway sidings accessed via a connection to the London, Tilbury and Southend railway between the former Tilbury Riverside and Low Street railway stations.
In 1963 Tilbury A was used in experiments by the CEGB on the behaviour of pollutants (principally sulphur dioxide) in flue gas plumes emitted from the power station chimneys. The results showed that the maximum pollutant concentrations occurred 2.4 km downwind of the station in strong winds and 9.6 – 13 km downwind in light winds.
B station
The B station was built on the site of coal store to the east of the A station; the coal store for both stations was then relocated to the north of the site. The B station was a steel framed construction with unfenestrated elevations of concrete cladding. The taller boiler house block was orientated north–south to the west of the adjoining turbine hall; control rooms and offices were at the south end.
Tilbury B comprised four generating units each of 350 MW. When all four units were available the combined output capacity was 1428 MW, enough power for 1.4 million people, approximately 80% of the population of Essex. The boiler steam pressure was 158.58 bar at a temperature of 566 °C. Discharge from the HP turbine was returned to the boilers for reheat to 566 °C. The boilers had a capacity of 4 × 296 kg/s. The station had two 168 metre high concrete chimneys. One unit was later decommissioned and was used for spare parts for maintenance of the remaining 3 generating units.
In addition to the steam generating sets Tilbury power station had auxiliary gas turbines for peak-shaving. This comprised four 17.5 MW gas turbines, the oldest set was commissioned in February 1965.
Two 800 tonne coal unloaders were installed on the jetty in 1990. The jetty was enlarged in 2004 to accommodate ships carrying up to 65,000 tons of coal.
Electricity output
Electricity output for Tilbury A & B stations over the period 1957-1987 was as follows.
Tilbury A annual electricity output GWh.Tilbury B annual electricity output GWh.The steam turbo-alternators of B station were not commissioned until 1968; the output of B station before this date was from the gas-turbine sets commissioned in February 1965.
The maximum thermal efficiency of the A station was 30.84%; and for the B station was 32.19%.
Incidents
1977 fire
In the early hours of 16 November 1977 a fire broke out at Tilbury B. It spread from the control room along cable ducts and caused severe cracks in the £70 million building. The site was evacuated but three engineers who had stayed behind to shut down the plant were taken to hospital after inhaling fumes. Foam equipment was brought from other power stations and by the evening the fire had been contained.
2008 boiler incident
On 1 July 2008, an engineer servicing an offline boiler at the station fell from scaffolding into the boiler. Crews used an internal staircase in the boiler to rescue him.
2009 fire
A fire broke out at the power station on 29 July 2009 shortly after 3 pm, with the failure of one of the station's high-pressure turbine units. Workers were evacuated immediately and the fire was reported to be under control by 5:30 pm. There were no casualties.
2012 fire
A major fire broke out in a fuel storage area of the station on the morning of 27 February 2012. Essex County Fire and Rescue Service mobilised over 120 firefighters to the fire, which involved some 4,000 to 6,000 tonnes of fuel in storage cells, two of which were described as "well alight".
Essex Chief Fire Officer David Johnson reported that firefighting operations were hindered by the fact that the blaze was high up in the main structure of the station, which was also heavily smoke-logged. In addition to 15 pumping appliances, crews used three aerial ladder platforms, one major rescue tender, three bulk foam tenders and a thermal-imaging camera in a helicopter to help tackle the fire. Support crews were drafted in from the London Fire Brigade.
Despite initial reports, another fire in the adjacent Tilbury docks which started around the same time was not connected to the larger blaze at the power station. It took firefighters several hours to bring the power station fire under control, and relief crews remained at the site for days afterward dousing and removing embers.
Chimneys and power station demolition
The chimneys of the B station were demolished on 28 September 2017.
In March 2019, the 14th and final explosive demolition took place.
Ash disposal site
Ash from the boilers at Tilbury power station was deposited on the low lying marshland to the east of the site. The land at Goshems Farm East Tilbury had also been subject to other landfill activity over the years and the fill comprised a mixture of ash and glass bottles. The site had been poorly restored and had little topsoil cover and was uneven and littered with debris. In 2003 a plan was inaugurated to restore the site. This would entail raising the height of the land using soil from civil engineering works along the River Thames and restore the site to high quality arable farmland. Inert construction material is transported in barges to the wharf at Goshems Farm. The first barge was unloaded in 2011 and the restoration works are ongoing. A public footpath will be created along the riverside. Tilbury Ash Disposal Site is operated by Ingrebourne Valley Ltd.
Other power stations in Tilbury
In addition to Tilbury A and B there are three other power stations in Tilbury that are planned or are now operational.
Tilbury Energy Centre
The Tilbury Energy Centre is a planned natural gas Combined Cycle Gas Turbine (CCGT) power station which also includes a peaking plant and a battery energy storage unit. The centre is owned and will be operated by RWE Generation UK plc. It is located on the site of the demolished Tilbury B power station.
The Tilbury Energy Centre will comprise three gas-fired CCGT generating units with a total output capacity of 2500 MW; a 300 MW peaking plant comprising open cycle gas turbines (OCGT); and batteries with a capacity of 100 MW. The centre will also have the capability to act as a combined heat and power facility and will be provided with carbon capture readiness capability.
The flue stacks of the CCGT will be 95 metres in height and the OCGT stack(s) will 45 metres high.
In November 2018 RWE evaluated its UK energy options and decided to freeze the Tilbury Energy Centre development.
Thurrock Flexible Generation Plant
The Thurrock Flexible Generation Plant is a planned natural gas engine and battery energy electricity supply facility. The plant will be developed, owned and operated by Thurrock Power Limited, a subsidiary of Statera Energy. It is located immediately north of the former Tilbury A & B power station site and south of the London, Tilbury and Southend Railway. The main site occupies an area of 18.5 hectares.
The plant will comprise up to 60 fast-starting gas engines fuelled by natural gas connected to electricity generators which will generate a total of 600 MW of electricity. In addition, batteries will store up to 600 MWh and export up to 150 MW of electricity. The engines will not run continuously but will start up for short periods several times a day as the National Grid requires, it is envisaged that they will run for up to 4000 hours per year, i.e. less than half the year. Electrical transformers and switchgear step-up the voltage from the batteries and generators to match the 275 kV National Grid voltage at Tilbury substation.
The flue stacks from the engines may be grouped together; the stacks will be 40 metres tall. The engine building will be 20 metres high and the battery building up to 10 metres high.
It is envisaged that advance works will start in 2020; main construction work will start in 2021 and take 18 months to six years in total over several phases. The plant will have a design operational life of 35 years.
Tilbury Green Power
The Tilbury Green Power plant is an operational electricity generating facility which uses wood as a fuel source. The plant is owned and operated by Tilbury Green Power Limited. The plant is located within the Port of Tilbury, Essex. There are two phases of development: Phase 1 is a 40 MW waste wood power plant; and Phase 2 is a 20 MW Solid Recovered Fuel power plant. Only Phase 1 has currently been developed; construction started in August 2015 and the plant was commissioned in early 2019.
The plant utilises about 270,000 tonnes of waste wood to produce up to 319,000 MWh of renewable electricity each year. Wood is processed onsite to produce wood-chip which is burned in a single travelling grate boiler to produce high pressure steam. This steam passes through a single steam turbine to generate electricity. Electricity (at 132 kV) is supplied to the National Grid via a 4.5 km underground cable to the existing 132 kV substation at Tilbury.
Flue gases from the boiler are treated by emissions control technology including Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction (SNCR), fabric filters, and dry lime and activated carbon injection. Exhaust gases are discharged via a 100 metre high stack.
References
External links
YouTube - fire at the power station
YouTube - Bill Oddie opens an environmental centre at the power station.
Coal-fired power stations in England
Power stations in the East of England
Power stations on the River Thames
RWE
Port of London
1956 establishments in England
Buildings and structures in Essex
Oil-fired power stations in England
Demolished power stations in the United Kingdom
Former power stations in England
Biofuel power stations in England
1981 disestablishments in England
Tilbury
Buildings and structures in Thurrock
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilbury%20power%20stations
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The Pont des Marchands () is a historic bridge in Narbonne, southern France. It serves as a foundation for a row of houses and shops underneath which the Canal de la Robine runs through the old town. Its segmental arch has a span of ca. 15 m. In Roman times the structure featured as many as six arches.
It is one of only a handful of bridges worldwide that are lined with shops.
See also
Roman bridge
List of Roman bridges
List of medieval bridges in France
Alte Nahebrücke
High Bridge, Lincoln
References
Sources
External links
Roman bridges in France
Roman segmental arch bridges
Deck arch bridges
Stone bridges in France
Bridges with buildings
Pont Marchands
Narbonne
Transport in Occitania (administrative region)
History of Narbonne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pont%20des%20Marchands
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WLMA (1350 AM) was a radio station located in Greenwood, South Carolina, United States, which broadcast from 1953 to 2012. It was last owned by Morradio, Inc., and ran a news/talk format. A series of legal and technical issues that had accumulated over a 15-year period led to the Federal Communications Commission ordering the station closed in March 2012.
History
WGSW: Early years
Radio Greenwood, a group composed of investors from the state of Georgia, applied to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for a new radio station to serve Greenwood on October 5, 1951, with the FCC approving their application on September 3, 1952. From studios in the Edwards Arms apartment building, WGSW began broadcasting on April 15, 1953, as a 1,000-watt, daytime-only outlet with programming from the Mutual Broadcasting System. The station aired generally a format mixing pop and country music, with 20 percent of the station's air time being devoted to programs for Black listeners. It also maintained for a time a satellite studio in nearby Abbeville.
While Greenwood had two radio stations, in the late 1960s, an application was filed to build a third station in town by United Community Broadcasters. This led to another group filing a mutually exclusive proposal to use the same frequency in the nearby town of Saluda. The Saluda proposal was connected to WGSW, as one of the principals in that firm was WGSW's chief engineer. In 1971, the licenses of WGSW and WCRS were designated for hearing by the FCC. The commission's review board, in adjudicating the Saluda case, had found evidence that WGSW and WCRS had encouraged the Saluda proposal as a so-called "strike" application, one filed to block another application rather than for the purpose of building the specified facility. A year later, FCC chief hearing examiner Arthur A. Gladstone issued an initial decision in which he recommended that WCRS's license renewal be approved and WGSW's denied. He found that WGSW station manager George B. Cook, Jr., had "seriously and substantially perjured himself" in the proceeding, recommending the FCC refer the matter to the United States Department of Justice. Per Gladstone, Cook had allegedly used the Saluda application without the principals' knowledge, determining "to capitalize on the situation" to discourage United. The FCC, however, overturned the examiner's decision and granted WGSW a renewal in February 1973, diverging from his conclusion that Cook had perjured himself in recalling conversations from several years prior and noted that WGSW itself had taken no overt action to impede the United proposal.
The launch of WMTY (1090 AM) prompted WGSW to switch to a full-time Top 40 format in 1972. In 1975, the studios moved from Edwards Arms to a new building at the transmitter site on Kateway in Greenwood.
Changes in the 1980s and silence
On February 1, 1985, WGSW switched from country music back to adult contemporary under new WQXJ call letters. Gilbert D. "Darroll" Evans, who became leader of the station with the call sign switch and who had been a newsman for WCRS, then bought the station for $170,000. WQXJ flipped to a gospel format in October 1986 but was taken out of commission by a June 1987 lightning strike. The station already owed money, and the insurance check for the lost transmitter went to its creditors. Radio Greenwood reassumed the license, changed the call letters back to WGSW, and sold the station to Alex Kinlaw, an attorney from Greenville, and local investor Charles Watt.
WGSW continued to broadcast a gospel format until the morning of May 6, 1991, when a lightning strike sparked a blaze that destroyed the station's studio facility and caused more than $125,000 in damage.
WLMA: Moore ownership and closure
In 1992, Ron Moore, through his company Morradio, filed to purchase WGSW from Kinlaw and Watt for $99,000 and requested a new call sign of WLMA; the other owner of Morradio was Ron's mother, Wilma Moore. The station went back on the air on October 11, 1992, from new offices in Greenwood, with a talk and sports format. Moore also unsuccessfully ran for the South Carolina state legislature in 1994.
Several years after Moore's purchase, WLMA began a long-running dispute with the FCC that would ultimately force the station's closure. On December 3, 1996, an agent of the Atlanta district office of the FCC's Enforcement Bureau inspected the station and determined that WLMA was transmitting from unauthorized facilities; while the station claimed it would correct this omission and file applications to use the site, it did not do so. In June 1997, the FCC determined that the license had expired on December 1, 1995, and that Morradio lacked authority to operate WLMA. Several forfeiture orders were issued, ordering Moore to pay fines, while the station continued to use the unauthorized site until 2012, doing so for more than 15 years.
In 2004, Moore again failed to file for renewal. On March 2, the FCC deleted the WLMA call sign and ordered the station off the air. Moore told the local Index-Journal newspaper that the paperwork had already been filed by that point, and the FCC granted special temporary authority to allow WLMA to continue broadcasting. One man objected to the proposed renewal, citing "poor engineering practices". Further, Moore was diagnosed with lung cancer and died on April 5, 2008, being remembered as the "Morning Mayor of the Lakelands". Days before, an application was filed to transfer the license to Jill Anne B. Eller, who assumed operational control the year before with her husband Jeff and also purchased WCRS as an insurance policy if the license for WLMA were to be canceled. The Ellers hoped to be able to clear the legal issues around WLMA.
On March 26, 2012, the FCC issued a letter affirming its finding that the station's license had expired in December 1997—a year after the 1996 finding of the use of unauthorized facilities, per Section 312(g) of the Telecommunications Act of 1996—and ordering it to cease operations. The station was turned off for good two days later on March 28.
References
LMA
Defunct radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1953
Radio stations disestablished in 2012
1953 establishments in South Carolina
2012 disestablishments in South Carolina
LMA
Greenwood, South Carolina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WLMA%20%28South%20Carolina%29
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Jim Saric is an American professional angler, best known as the editor of Musky Hunter Magazine, and Musky Hunter Television Show. He has many large sponsors, including Ranger Boats and Mercury Marine.
Musky Hunter
Saric is the publisher, editor, and owner of Musky Hunter Magazine, the largest Musky fishing publication in North America. In January 2007, Saric aired the first season of his television show, the Musky Hunter, the first television show dedicated to Musky fishing.
References
American fishers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Saric
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Diocese of Tiraspol may refer to:
Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari, a diocese of the Moldovan Orthodox Church
Roman Catholic Diocese of Tiraspol (Russia), a former diocese of the Roman Catholic Church
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese%20of%20Tiraspol
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Herbert Hamilton Kelly (18 July 1860 – 31 October 1950), a priest of the Church of England, was the founder of the Society of the Sacred Mission (SSM), an Anglican religious order.
Early life and education
Kelly was born at St James's Vicarage, George Street, Manchester, the son of the Rev. James Davenport Kelly and his wife, Margaret Alice Eccles. He was educated at Manchester Grammar School. After army training at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, Kelly studied history at Queen's College, Oxford and was ordained in 1884.
As a theologian Kelly was influenced initially by Charles Kingsley, but to more lasting effect by the writing of Frederick Denison Maurice, especially in his two volumes entitled The Moral and Metaphysical Philosophy and The Kingdom of Christ. Kelly sought to explore the way in which a society and culture created "propositions" about God and then a church "system" that follows from such propositions. Although identified by others as Anglo-Catholic in his outlook, Kelly often stated that God and religion were not the same, challenging his own students to focus on issues of Faith and practical evangelism rather than the technicalities of church doctrine and administration.
Kelly's interest in the ecumenical movement involved him in the Student Christian Movement.
SSM founder
While training people for missionary service in Korea and Africa, Kelly founded an Anglican religious order, the Society of the Sacred Mission, in Kennington, London in 1893. As the number of students increased, the order relocated to Mildenhall, Suffolk, and then in 1903 to Kelham Hall, Nottinghamshire. Kelly was succeeded as Director of the Society by Fr David Jenks in 1910.
Academic role in Japan
Between 1913 and 1919 Kelly served at the invitation of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel and the Bishops of the Nippon Sei Ko Kai as Professor of Apologetics at the Anglican Central Theological College, Tokyo, Japan.
After a lengthy journey via Canada and Beijing, Kelly arrived in Kobe on the 19th of February 1913. He was to reside in Ikebukuro, close to the campus of Rikkyo University until his final departure from Japan on 28 March 1919. During Kelly's years in Japan he returned to England in 1915 for meetings at Kelham and also travelled to visit church communities in Brisbane, Manila and Korea.
Kelly's influence on the development of the church in Japan was significant; a number of his students went on to leadership roles and helped to maintain the Nippon Sei Ko Kai's unique Anglican identification and independence through the political turmoil of the 1930s and Second World War. Michael Yashiro, one of Kelly's most loyal students, was elected Presiding Bishop of the Nippon Sei Ko Kai in August 1947.
Works
An Idea In the Working: An Account of the Society of the Sacred Mission, its History and Aims; Mowbray, 1908
A History of the Church of Christ; Longmans, Green, 1901
The Church and Religious Unity; Longmans, Green, 1913
The Gospel of God; Student Christian Movement Press, 1928 (also 1959 by the same publisher)
Catholicity; Student Christian Movement Press, 1932
"No Pious Person: Autobiographical Recollections By Herbert Kelly", in: Herbert Hamilton Kelly, George Every; The Faith Press, 1960
References
Source materials
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
Heroes of the Faith: Herbert Kelly 1860-1950, The Church Observer, Easter 2006
Notes on the Dedicated Life. Herbert Kelly by Michael Maasdorp SSM
1860 births
1950 deaths
Anglican Church in Japan
Alumni of The Queen's College, Oxford
People educated at Manchester Grammar School
Members of Anglican religious orders
English Anglo-Catholics
19th-century English Anglican priests
20th-century English Anglican priests
Anglo-Catholic missionaries
Anglo-Catholic clergy
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Kelly
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Twelve ships of the French Navy have borne the name Hermione, in honour of Hermione, daughter of King Menelaus of Sparta and his wife, Helen of Troy.
Ships
, a 30-gun frigate, lead ship of her class
, a 34-gun frigate
, a 24-gun frigate
, a 22-gun frigate
, a 32-gun
, a frigate that bore the name Hermione during her career
, a 40-gun
, a 46-gun frigate
(1860), a 28-gun frigate converted to steam on keel
, a
an broken up incomplete on slip in 1940
See also
, a replica of the Hermione of 1779, currently in service.
Notes and references
Notes
References
Bibliography
French Navy ship names
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20ship%20Hermione
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New Man may refer to:
"New Man" (All Things New song), 2013.
"New Man" (Ed Sheeran song), 2017.
New Man (Christian magazine), American Christian men's magazine.
New Man (utopian concept).
New Man (gender stereotype), archetype of male behaviour, typically narcissistic and/or pro-feminist, widely discussed in UK mass media in the late 1980s and 1990s.
New Soviet man, imagined archetype of Communist ideologists.
Hombre nuevo socialista, Che Guevara's idealised "New Man" concept.
Novus homo, Latin term for a man who was first in his family to serve in the Roman Senate.
"New Man", the pilot episode of the British sitcom PhoneShop.
, French clothing retailer.
See also
"A New Man", an episode of Buffy the Vampire Slayer.
The New Man (disambiguation).
Superman (disambiguation).
Newman (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20man
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Michael Merritt may refer to:
Mike Merritt (musician) (born 1955), American bassist
Michael Merritt (American football) (born 1984), American football tight end
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Merritt
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The Rio Grande Scenic Railroad of Colorado was a heritage railway that operated from 2006 to 2019 in and around the San Luis Valley as a subsidiary of the San Luis and Rio Grande Railroad. The heritage railroad ceased operating excursions following a wildfire that damaged some of their facilities, as well as the parent company SLRG entering Chapter 11 bankruptcy in late 2019.
History
The Denver and Rio Grande Railroad was chartered in 1870. The line over La Veta Pass to Alamosa and Antonito was originally envisioned as part of an ambitious and never-realized narrow gauge line linking Denver with Mexico City. The narrow gauge tracks crossed the pass in 1877 and reached Alamosa on July 6, 1878. The railroad was pushed on to Antonito by 1880 and ultimately to Santa Fe and Silverton. The D&RG built west from Alamosa, completing the line to South Fork and its terminus at Creede in 1881. The D&RG converted the La Veta Pass and the Creede lines to standard gauge around 1900. The line to Antonito was also converted to standard gauge, but a third rail, laid to three-foot gauge, remained to Alamosa until the end of regular narrow gauge operation in 1968. Coincident with the conversion to standard gauge, the D&RG realigned the route over La Veta Pass to lower the summit, straighten curves, and reduce grades.
In 1908, the D&RG was consolidated with the Rio Grande Western to form the Denver and Rio Grande Western. In 1988, the DRGW merged with the Southern Pacific Railroad; the Union Pacific Railroad purchased and merged the SP in 1996. In June 2003, the UP sold the Walsenburg – Alamosa line and its other lines in the San Luis Valley to shortline railroad conglomerate RailAmerica. RailAmerica sold the SLRG to Iowa Pacific Holdings in December 2005.
Iowa Pacific established the Rio Grande Scenic Railroad in 2006. Trains operated over the Sangre de Cristo Mountains via Veta Pass and from Alamosa to Antonito, where passengers could connect with the narrow gauge Cumbres and Toltec.
Between 2007 and 2013, the fan trips would often be pulled by a steam locomotive. First, there was Ex-Southern Pacific 2-6-0 “Mogul” type No. 1744, but it was taken out of service quickly due to firebox issues. The only other steam locomotive that operated on the SLRG was Ex-Lake Superior and Ishpeming 2-8-0 “consolidation” type No. 18.
The San Luis and Rio Grande Railroad discontinued the passenger excursions in 2019 following a wildfire that damaged the Fir Concert Grounds, and then later when the railroad entered bankruptcy and began liquidating unnecessary assets. This liquidation involved the sale of locomotives and rolling stock to the Colebrookdale Railroad and the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad in Pennsylvania.
Locomotives
The Rio Grande Scenic Railroad collection included both vintage steam locomotives and diesel locomotives. Notably, they operated former Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railroad locomotive #18, built by the American Locomotive Company at its Pittsburgh works in 1910. This locomotive previously operated on the Grand Canyon Railway and the Mount Hood Railroad, and following the Rio Grande Scenic Railroad's dissolution, it is now owned by the Colebrookdale Railroad in Pennsylvania. They also owned former Southern Pacific locomotive #1744, which was sold to the Pacific Locomotive Association and moved to the Niles Canyon Railway.
Rolling Stock
The Rio Grande Scenic operated a collection of historic passenger cars in their excursion service, including:
Five remodeled dome cars for railroad sightseeing, with a glass roof on top of the car where passengers can ride and see in all directions around the train;
1920s-era Pullman built modernised Heavyweight archroof “open-window” cars with bench-style seating for passengers and the option of opening windows. These cars were built for the Southern Railway between 1924 and 1926 and came to the Rio Grande Scenic from Mount Hood;
1920s-era Pullman built Heavyweight Open Air Observation No 1056 “Lookout Mountain”. This open air observation car was built for the Southern Railway as coach 1595 and later rebuilt into an open air observation (eventually 2 other open air coaches (without rear platforms) followed No 1069 “Missionary Ridge” and 1070 “W. Graham Claytor”) and was heavily used on the Southern Railway Steam Specials between 1966 and 1987, finally coming to the Rio Grande Scenic from Mount Hood.;
1950s-era restored Pullman Coaches with large sealed windows, heating, air conditioning, and concessions;
Lounge Car ‘Mardi Gras’ restored first-class lounge car with floor-to-ceiling observation windows in a rounded end observation lounge. This car was rebuilt from a coach by the Illinois Central for use on the ‘City of New Orleans’. Legend has it this was the car that the song of the same name was written in. After a stint in service behind N&W 611 the car returned to Illinois Central livery around 2010.;
Lounge Car ‘Calumet Club’ restored first-class lounge car with flat (or “blind end”) observation windows in a flat end observation lounge.
Dining Car 448 Former New York Central stainless steel fluted side lightweight dining car, restored and used in food service.
Special events
The Rio Grande Scenic operated a variety of special events, including Mother's Day Brunch in the dome cars, Rails & Ales Brewfest, Jazz on the Tracks mountain concerts, Oktoberfest, fall foliage and pumpkin patch rides; and the Train to Christmas Town.
See also
List of Colorado historic railroads
List of heritage railroads in Colorado
References
External links
Rio Grande Scenic Railroad Home Page
Tourist attractions in Alamosa County, Colorado
Heritage railroads in Colorado
Tourist attractions in Huerfano County, Colorado
Tourist attractions in Rio Grande County, Colorado
San Luis Valley of Colorado
Transportation in Alamosa County, Colorado
Transportation in Huerfano County, Colorado
Transportation in Rio Grande County, Colorado
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio%20Grande%20Scenic%20Railroad
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This is a list of the National Register of Historic Places listings in Cecil County, Maryland.
This is intended to be a complete list of the properties and districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Cecil County, Maryland, United States. Latitude and longitude coordinates are provided for many National Register properties and districts; these locations may be seen together in a map.
There are 52 properties and districts listed on the National Register in the county.
Current listings
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See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Maryland
National Register of Historic Places listings in Maryland
References
Cecil
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Register%20of%20Historic%20Places%20listings%20in%20Cecil%20County%2C%20Maryland
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Lenta () is a Russian super- and hypermarket chain. With 149 locations across the country, it is one of Russia's largest retail chains in addition to being the country's second largest hypermarket chain.
Founded by Oleg Zherebtsov, Lenta opened its first cash and carry store in St. Petersburg, Russia, in October 1993. Lenta then registered its trademark in 1994. And, by 1999, it opened its first big-box hypermarket format and has expanded ever since. Now Lenta operates 122 hypermarkets in 63 cities across Russia and 27 supermarkets in the Moscow region with a total of approximately . of selling space. The average Lenta hypermarket store has selling space of . The company operates five distribution centres for hypermarkets. The company's stores base themselves on price-led hypermarkets and supermarket scheme. Lenta employs around 35,100 people.
Lenta’s largest shareholders include TPG Capital, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and VTB Capital. Global Depository Receipts (GDRs) of Lenta Ltd. are listed on the London Stock Exchange and on the Moscow Exchange.
The parent company of the chain – Lenta LLC – 100% belongs to Lenta Ltd., that is registered in the British Virgin Islands. 41,3% of shares belong to investment – TPG Capital and «VTB Capital» (35,5% and 4% respectively), 15,3% belongs to EBRD, minor shareholders share the rest.
CEO of the chain is Herman Tinga.
On 18 May 2021, Lenta announced the purchase of 161 supermarkets of the Austrian Billa supermarket chain. The transaction amount was 215 million euros. In 2021, the company's revenue amounted to 496 billion rubles.
In February 2022, Lenta acquired Utkonos online-retailer from its shareholder, "Severgroup" of Alexey Mordashov, for 20 billion roubles.
References
External links
Lenta Homepage
Retail companies of Russia
Companies based in Saint Petersburg
Retail companies established in 1993
Russian brands
Companies listed on the Moscow Exchange
Companies listed on the London Stock Exchange
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenta%20%28retail%29
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The Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari (, Tiraspolskaya i Dubossarskaya yeparkhiya, , , Tyraspolska i Dubossarska yeparkhiya) is a diocese of the Metropolis of Chișinău and All Moldova which covers the exact territory of Transnistria, Moldova. The newly built (1999) Christmas Church in the region's capital, Tiraspol, is the Mother Church of this diocese.
It is headed by Bishop Savva and supported by the Moscow Patriarchate.
The diocese was established on October 6, 1998, by the Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church to organize the Orthodox Church in the breakaway Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic.
As of 2010 the diocese consisted of 104 parishes and 2 monasteries served by 104 full-time priests and 14 deacons.
External links
Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari official website
Diocese of Tiraspol and Dubăsari info
Russian Orthodox website
Eparchies of the Russian Orthodox Church
Christianity in Transnistria
Eastern Orthodox dioceses in Moldova
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diocese%20of%20Tiraspol%20and%20Dub%C4%83sari
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Farewell to America (w/o op.) is the name of a waltz composed by Johann Strauss II. In the immediate wake of the composer's visit to the United States in the summer of 1872, when he conducted several times in Boston and New York, no less than seven publishers issued waltzes supposedly composed by Strauss. Only two from the total of nine compositions that were published are known to have been performed by Strauss during his tour of the United States: the Jubilee Waltz and the Manhattan Waltzes. It is unknown whether or not the other compositions that were published were written by Strauss while he was in America, completed by him after his return to Vienna and sent through the mail, or that some of the publications had nothing to do with Strauss himself, but were compiled by publishers anxious to benefit from Strauss' American tour and the clamour for new Strauss music.
Unlike its companion waltz, the Greeting to America, Farewell to America is a potpourri of melodies previously written by Johann Strauss, including:
Introduction—Introduction to Karnevalsbotschafter op. 270
Waltz 1A — theme 1A from Wiener Punschlieder op. 131
Waltz 1B — theme 1B from Spiralen op. 209
Waltz 2A — theme 2B from Gedankenflug op. 215
Waltz 2B — theme 2B from Gedankenflug op. 215
Waltz 3A — theme 1A from Controversen op. 191
Waltz 3B — theme 4B from Controversen op. 191
Waltz 4A — theme 5A from Promotionen op. 221
Waltz 4B — theme 2B from Petitionen op. 153 (composed by Josef Strauss)
Coda — 15 bars from Coda of Feuilleton op. 293
(The waltz also has a quotation from "The Star-Spangled Banner".)
The presence of a melody by Josef Strauss, found in Waltz 4B, suggests that Farewell to America was perhaps compiled not by Strauss himself, but by a house arranger for the publisher, Oliver Ditson.
References
Waltzes by Johann Strauss II
1872 compositions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farewell%20to%20America
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Ninjas vs. Zombies is a 2008 American independent film written and directed by Justin Timpane. It parodies the science-fiction, horror, zombie and ninja genres. The rough cut of the film premiered as a "bootleg screening" on October 31, 2008, and later screened on November 1, 2008 in Leesburg, Virginia at the historic Tally Ho Theatre.
Story
The film revolves around seven friends, three of whom are magically granted the use of ninja powers to fight back against hordes of zombies, and their evil leader Eric. The press kit for the film describes the premise as follows:"Seven friends, struggling with late 20s, early 30s life, find themselves in terrifying danger when a long dead loved one is magically resurrected and starts devouring souls. To make matters worse, three of them have been granted the power of the ninja, and now must lead the fight against a power they cannot hope to vanquish. If they fail, the undead will overrun their little town, and maybe the world."
The closing credits thank "Joss Whedon (Who Doesn't Know We Exist)".
Soundtrack
The film features an eponymous theme song written and performed by Nick Bognar and Michael Roth. The song is also included on Bognar's 2009 album Our Mouths Are Open.
Critical reception
The production was anticipated within the horror film community, due in part to its combination of two popular genres—zombies and ninjas. In a comment typifying the appeal of the hybrid, BD Horror News noted, "There are ninjas, and there are zombies, what more do you need?"
In February 2009, the film garnered an "Award of Merit: Feature Film" at "The Indie Fest".
Another horror genre publication, "Fatally Yours," urged its readers to see the film, asking: "What? Do we need to send the zombie army to drag you there?" The same publication described the film as "a homegrown indy filmed right here in Northern VA. Part Evil Dead, part Clerks, part Buffy, part Bourne Identity, with some Harry Potter, a twist of vermouth and a lime chaser - uh, wait ... Funny, Violent, a Rollercoaster; with GOBS of local talent - and international appeal."
On the other hand, the film has been criticized for its thematic similarity to earlier works. One critic, for example, joked that it should not be confused with 1987's singular Ninja vs. Zombie, 1997's Zombie Ninja Gangbangers, or 2004's Vampires vs. Zombies, noting, "This is, er, zombieS versus ninjaS. You know, plural?"
Before its release, the film's third trailer received the following comments from movie reviewer Chris Beaumont. "Seriously, how can you go wrong? It has zombies and ninjas, not to mention magic and blood. This super low-budget outing looks terrible. Terribly good that is. No, the production values are not good and the acting looks even worse, but what they lack in quality and polish, they more than appear to make up for with energy and love for the genre. Looking forward to this!"
Sequels
A sequel to the film, titled Ninjas vs Vampires was released in early 2011. A third film Ninjas vs Monsters released in 2013.
References
External links
2008 comedy horror films
2008 independent films
2000s parody films
Ninja films
American zombie comedy films
American comedy horror films
2008 films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films
Resurrection in film
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninjas%20vs.%20Zombies
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George Howard Wilkinson (1 May 1833 – 11 December 1907) was Bishop of Truro 1883-1891 and then of St Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane 1893–1907. He was Primus of the Scottish Episcopal Church from 1904, until his death.
Life
Wilkinson was born on 1 May 1833 and educated at Durham School and Oriel College, Oxford. He embarked on an ecclesiastical career with a curacy at Kensington after which he held incumbencies at Seaham Harbour, Auckland, Soho and Eaton Square, a parish in a wealthy part of London, before elevation to the episcopate in 1883.
The founder of the Community of the Epiphany (1883), he died on 11 December 1907.
Family
Wilkinson married, on 14 July 1857, Caroline Charlotte Des Vœux, daughter of lieutenant-colonel Benfield Des Vœux, fourth son of Sir Charles Des Vœux, 1st Baronet; she died on 6 September 1877. They had three sons and five daughters, including Reverend G. G. Wilkinson, and eldest daughter Constance Charlotte Mary Wilkinson, who married in 1902 Reverend Arthur Edward Davies, Chaplain to her father.
Notes
External links
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
1833 births
People educated at Durham School
Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford
Bishops of Truro
Bishops of Saint Andrews, Dunkeld and Dunblane
19th-century Church of England bishops
19th-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops
1907 deaths
20th-century Scottish Episcopalian bishops
Primuses of the Scottish Episcopal Church
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Wilkinson%20%28bishop%29
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Awaken in Oblivion is the second compilation album, and sixth album overall, by the black metal band Naer Mataron. It was released in 2004 on Black Lotus Records. It was limited to 2000 copies.
Track listing
Disc 1
The Chosen Son - 2:35
Faethon - 6:17
Zephyrous - 5:33
Ta en Eleusini Mysteria - 4:07
Zeus (Wrath of the Gods) - 4:05
The Silent Kingdom of Hades - 6:40
The Great God Pan - 6:16
Equimanthorn (Bathory Cover) (bonus track) - 3:38
Disc 2
... And Bloodshed Must Be Done - 2:55
Diastric Fields of War - 6:42
Iketis - 5:39
Skotos Aenaon - 4:59
Astro-Thetis-Kosmos - 8:39
Hyperion - 6:14
Wolf of Ions - 7:53
In Honour of the Wolf - 6:43
Winter War Memorial - 6:02
External links
Official homepage
Metal Archives
2004 compilation albums
Naer Mataron albums
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awaken%20in%20Oblivion
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Nathan Robert Raduns (born May 17, 1984) is an American former professional ice hockey player. He played in one National Hockey League (NHL) game with the Philadelphia Flyers during the season. During his professional career he also played two seasons in the American Hockey League (AHL) with the Worcester Sharks and Philadelphia Phantoms, and one season in Italy with SG Pontebba.
Playing career
Undrafted, Raduns was a standout high school player with Sauk Rapids-Rice High School until his sophomore season, when he left to play with the USA Hockey National Team Development Program. As a high school senior, Raduns then opted to move to the River City Lancers of the USHL in 2002-03 before being recruited to play collegiate hockey with St. Cloud State University of the Western Collegiate Hockey Association. After his four-year career with the Huskies he was invited to the San Jose Sharks rookie training camp for the 2007–08 season. He was then reassigned to AHL affiliate, the Worcester Sharks, where he remained for the duration of the year.
On July 1, 2008, Raduns signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Flyers prior to the 2008–09 season. He was then assigned to AHL affiliate, the Philadelphia Phantoms and fulfilled a checking-line role, scoring 14 points in 70 games. On November 6, 2008, he made his NHL debut appearing in 1 game with the Flyers in a 4-1 defeat to the Ottawa Senators.
Raduns signed a contract with SG Pontebba of the Italian Serie A on July 7, 2009, for the 2009–10 season.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
See also
List of players who played only one game in the NHL
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
American men's ice hockey right wingers
Ice hockey players from Minnesota
People from Sauk Rapids, Minnesota
Philadelphia Flyers players
Philadelphia Phantoms players
River City Lancers players
SG Pontebba players
St. Cloud State Huskies men's ice hockey players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Worcester Sharks players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate%20Raduns
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The Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a peer-reviewed medical journal that publishes original research in oral and maxillofacial surgery, oral pathology, and other related topics. It is published monthly by Elsevier on behalf of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. The current editor-in-chief is James R. Hupp and associate editor is Thomas Dodson.
Another journal is Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery published by Springer, started at 1997.
References
External links
Dentistry journals
Surgery journals
Monthly journals
Elsevier academic journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1943
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Oral%20and%20Maxillofacial%20Surgery
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Alex Edwards (born 14 February 1946) is a Scottish former association football player, who played as a midfielder for Dunfermline, Hibernian and Arbroath.
Jock Stein gave Edwards his league debut just five days after his 16th birthday in February 1962, which made him the second youngest outfield player, after Andy Penman of Dundee, to ever play in a Scottish Football League match. He then featured as a 16-year-old in Dunfermline's famous 6-2 home victory against Valencia in 1962. He then went on to play for Dunfermline in the Scottish Cup Finals of 1965 and 1968, winning the latter.
Hibernian manager Eddie Turnbull signed Edwards for £13,000 in 1971. He combined well on the right side of the Hibs side with John Brownlie. He played in another Scottish Cup Final in 1972, before winning the Scottish League Cup in the following season. Hibs challenged for the league title that season as well, but fell away after Edwards was banned for eight weeks having been booked four times.
Edwards moved on to Arbroath in 1978, before retiring from professional football in 1980.
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
Footballers from Dunfermline
Men's association football wingers
Scottish men's footballers
Dunfermline Athletic F.C. players
Hibernian F.C. players
Arbroath F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Scotland men's under-23 international footballers
Scottish Football League representative players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Edwards%20%28footballer%29
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Jonathan Lucas (born October 29, 1975) is an American film director and screenwriter. He is best known for his collaborative work with Scott Moore, which includes The Hangover, 21 & Over and Bad Moms.
Life and career
He is a graduate of Yale University as well as an alumnus of Pingry School. He started working as an assistant for screenwriter Daniel Petrie, Jr. in the '90s along with Scott Moore, who would become his longtime writing partner.
The first script Lucas and Moore ever wrote together was Flypaper, although the movie didn't get made until 2011. In addition, they both worked on providing uncredited rewrites on Wedding Crashers, 27 Dresses, Chicken Little, Monster-in-Law, and Mr. Woodcock.
In 2005 and 2007, they were hired to write the screenplays for the family comedies Rebound and Full of It. They also participated on the screenplay for the holiday comedy Four Christmases in 2008. The following year, they wrote the successful romantic comedy Ghosts of Girlfriends Past. However, their breakthrough success came with The Hangover, which became the highest-grossing R-rated comedy in the United States at the time. The movie spawned two sequels but did not include involvement by Lucas and Moore. Due to the success of The Hangover, the duo penned another R-rated comedy: the 2011 film, The Change-Up.
In 2013, Lucas and Moore made their co-directorial debuts with the comedy film, 21 & Over. In October 2012, they sold to ABC a pilot for a new comedy show named Mixology, which follows five guys and five girls "trying to find love at a trendy Manhattan bar," all over the course of a single night. The show was picked up to series in May 2013 and premiered on ABC on February 26, 2014, but was cancelled after only one season.
Film credits
Television credits
2014: Mixology (co-creator)
References
External links
Living people
American male screenwriters
Writers from Summit, New Jersey
Yale University alumni
1976 births
Screenwriters from New Jersey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Lucas
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Netherthorpe is a suburban area adjoining the town of Staveley, Derbyshire, to the east, lying just west of the River Doe Lea.
The village is best known for Staveley's oldest (1572) secondary school, Netherthorpe School.
References
Villages in Derbyshire
Chesterfield, Derbyshire
nl:Staveley (Derbyshire)
ro:Staveley
vo:Staveley
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherthorpe%2C%20Derbyshire
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David Douglas is an American professional mixed martial artist and boxer. A professional MMA competitor since 2004, he has competed for Strikeforce, EliteXC, and ShoXC.
Background
Douglas was born and raised in the heart of a rough neighborhood in Antioch, California, along with his twin brother Damion, by their parents who worked for steel mills. The Douglas brothers got into many fights while growing up, beating up schoolyard bullies that were bigger and older than themselves. Both of them began learning the martial arts from a young age and were taught at home by their father, Danny, who was a black belt in Tae Kwon Do.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
After a 3-1 start to his professional career, Douglas was signed by EliteXC in 2008.
Strikeforce
Douglas made his debut for Strikeforce in August 2009 on the preliminary card of Strikeforce: Carano vs. Cyborg, losing to Justin Wilcox via submission.
He returned to the organization in 2010 on their ShoMMA Strikeforce Challengers series. He defeated Dominic Clark via TKO in October 2010 and Nick Gonzalez via submission in February 2011.
He next fought Caros Fodor at Strikeforce Challengers: Wilcox vs. Damm and lost in the third round by TKO.
Professional boxing
Douglas made his professional boxing debut in 2016 against Jasper McCargo, losing via third round knockout.
Douglas returned to the ring in 2019 against 3-0 Chris Washington. He was defeated via first-round knockout.
Personal life
Douglas got his nickname "Tarzan" from Cesar Gracie while training together, due to his long hair and lanky build. David's twin brother, Damion Douglas, is also a mixed martial artist who competed for Strikeforce. David has two children, while Damion has three.
Mixed martial arts record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|10-12
|Serob Minasyan
|TKO (punches)
|UNF 4
|
|align=center|2
|align=center|4:55
|Commerce, California, United States
|
|-
|Loss
|align=center|10–11
|Eugene Correa
|Submission (heel hook)
|Urijah Faber's A1 Combat 6
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|0:18
|Commerce, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–10
| Migran Arutyunyan
| TKO (punches)
| UNF 2
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:54
|Commerce, California, United States
|Return to Lightweight.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–9
| Richard LeRoy
| TKO (punches)
| Celtic Gladiator 21
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:45
| Burbank, California, United States
|Catchweight (165 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–8
| D.J. Roberson
| TKO (punches)
| Gladiator Challenge: Holiday Beatings
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:22
| Lincoln, California, United States
|Welterweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 10–7
| Eldon Sproat
| TKO (punches)
| X-1 World Events 48.5
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:04
| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States
|For the X-1 Middleweight Championship.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 9–7
| Chris Hofmann
| TKO (punches)
| URCC 29: Conquest
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| N/A
| San Francisco, California, United States
|For the URCC Middleweight Championship.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–6
| DeMarco Villalona
| TKO (punches)
| Dragon House 22
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:00
| San Francisco, California, United States
|Middleweight debut.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–6
| Ray Cooper III
| TKO (punches)
| Star Elite Cage Fighting
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:27
| Waipahu, Hawaii, United States
|Welterweight bout.
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–5
| Ousmane Thomas Diagne
| KO (punch)
| Red Canvas: Art of Submission 3
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:03
| Stockton, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–4
| Felipe Olivieri
| TKO (knee and punches)
| Wreck MMA: Road to Glory
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:54
| Gatineau, Quebec, Canada
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–3
| Caros Fodor
| TKO (strikes)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Wilcox vs. Damm
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:12
| Stockton, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–2
| Nick Gonzalez
| Technical Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Beerbohm vs. Healy
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:05
| Cedar Park, Texas, United States
|Catchweight (150 lbs) bout.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–2
| Dominic Clark
| TKO (punches)
| Strikeforce Challengers: Bowling vs. Voelker
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 2:33
| Fresno, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 6–2
| Justin Wilcox
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| Strikeforce: Carano vs. Cyborg
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 3:16
| San Jose, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–1
| Malaipet
| TKO (punches)
| ShoXC: Elite Challenger Series
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 2:51
| Santa Ynez, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–1
| William Jacobson
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| ShoXC: Hamman vs. Suganuma II
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:12
| Friant, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–1
| Marlon Mathias
| TKO (punches)
| EliteXC: Unfinished Business
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:12
| Stockton, California, United States
|Lightweight debut.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–1
| Yusuke Ikenishi
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| CCFC: Total Elimination
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| N/A
| Santa Rosa, California, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 2–1
| Jeff Curran
| Submission (rear-naked choke)
| IFC: Eve Of Destruction
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:39
| Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
|Featherweight debut.
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Joe Martin
| TKO (corner stoppage)
| IFC: Night of the Warriors 5
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:46
| Susanville, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Richard Savala
| TKO (punches)
| IFC: Night of the Warriors 5
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:08
| Susanville, California, United States
|
External links
mma-core.com
References
Living people
American male mixed martial artists
African-American mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists from California
Lightweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo
American male taekwondo practitioners
Sportspeople from Antioch, California
1982 births
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Douglas%20%28fighter%29
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Major Brinley Lewis (4 January 1891 – 2 April 1917), known as Bryn Lewis, was a Welsh international rugby union wing who played club rugby for Newport and Cambridge University. He is one of twelve Welsh internationals to have died in active duty during World War I.
Rugby career
Lewis was born in Pontardawe, Wales but was educated at Swansea Grammar School and represented the Wales Schoolboy team. He later attended Cambridge University and while at university gained three 'Blues' when he was selected for three consecutive Varsity games from 1909 to 1911. Lewis gained his first cap for Wales against Ireland as part of the 1912 Five Nations Championship.
The Welsh team was inexperienced and lost the game 12–5, not helped when Lewis's teammate Tom Williams broke his arm and continued playing in the second half of the game. Lewis was back the next year in the 1913 Championship, for his second and last cap, again against Ireland. Lewis scored two tries in the game which saw Wales win narrowly. A scorer of one of the Irish tries in that game, Albert Stewart, would like Lewis, die in action in World War I.
International matches played
Wales
1912, 1913
Military career
During the First World War, Lewis was a Major in 'B Battery' of the 122nd Brigade of the 38th (Welsh) Infantry Division, and was mentioned in Despatches. He was killed in action at Ypres on 2 April 1917, after the enemy shelled the rear of B Battery, hitting the mess where Lewis was situated, killing him instantly. He is buried at Ferme-Oliver Cemetery.
Bibliography
References
1891 births
1917 deaths
Barbarian F.C. players
British military personnel killed in World War I
Cambridge University R.U.F.C. players
London Welsh RFC players
People educated at Bishop Gore School
Rugby union players from Pontardawe
Rugby union wings
Swansea RFC players
Wales international rugby union players
Welsh rugby union players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryn%20Lewis
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Kurija () is a village in the municipality of Negotino, North Macedonia. It is located on the banks of the Luda Mara river, nine kilometres from the municipal centre of Negotino.
The bulk of agricultural produce from the village consists of grapes, tomatoes and peppers.[www.skurija.webs.com]
Demographics
On the 1927 ethnic map of Leonhard Schulze-Jena, the village is shown as two settlements of the "Koru Çiftlik". One being a Muslim Bulgarian village with the name "Koru Çiftlik Islam" and the other being a Christian Bulgarian village with the name "Koru Çiftlik Hristiyan". According to the 2002 census, the village had a total of 214 inhabitants. Ethnic groups in the village include:
Macedonians 210
Serbs 1
Aromanians 3
References
Villages in Negotino Municipality
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurija
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The Redskins Rule is a spurious relationship in which the results of National Football League (NFL) games correlated strongly with the results of subsequent United States presidential elections. Briefly stated, there was a strong correlation between the outcome of the last home game for the Washington Commanders (known as the Washington Redskins from 1933 to 2020) prior to the U.S. presidential election and the outcome of the election: when Washington won, the party of the incumbent president retained the presidency; when Washington lost, the opposition party won. This coincidence was noted by many sports and political commentators, used as a bellwether to predict the results of elections, and held true in every election from 1940 through 2000.
Since 2004, the rule appears to have become inverted, with the performance of Washington now forecasting the fate of the challenging party rather than the incumbent. For example, the 2016 and 2020 victories heralded the elections of Donald Trump, and Joe Biden, respectively, while the 2004 and 2012 losses were followed up by the incumbents, George W. Bush and Barack Obama, respectively, winning a second term. However, Obama's election in 2008 followed a Washington loss, in accordance with the original rule.
History
The Redskins relocated from Boston to Washington, D.C. in . Since then, there have been 19 presidential elections. In 17 of those, the following rule applied:
The Redskins Rule was first noticed prior to the 2000 election by Steve Hirdt, executive vice president of the Elias Sports Bureau. That year, the Redskins would begin what would become a four-game losing streak with retrospect to the rule when they lost to the Tennessee Titans. George W. Bush defeated Al Gore in the Electoral College, but lost the popular vote. This would cause problems for the original version of the rule after the 2004 election.
In 2004 election, the Redskins lost their last home game before the presidential election, indicating that the incumbent should have lost. However, President George W. Bush (the incumbent) went on to defeat John Kerry. Steve Hirdt modified the rule, establishing Redskins Rule 2.0:
In the election in 2000, Al Gore won the popular vote while Bush won the electoral vote, and thereby the revised Redskins Rule was upheld for the 2004 election.
In the 2008 election, the Redskins lost to the Pittsburgh Steelers, predicting a win for U.S. Senator from Illinois Barack Obama over U.S. Senator from Arizona John McCain, because George W. Bush won the popular vote in the previous election.
Prior to the 2012 election, the Redskins lost against the Carolina Panthers on November 4. The Redskins Rule predicted an outright loss for incumbent Barack Obama against challenger Mitt Romney, or that Obama would win the popular vote but lose via the Electoral College. However, incumbent Barack Obama won the election with 332 electoral votes to Romney's 206, held the advantage in the popular vote by more than 4.7 million votes, and the Redskins Rule did not hold in 2012.
In 2016, the Redskins played their last designated home game prior to the election on October 16, defeating the Philadelphia Eagles 27–20. This outcome predicted a victory for Hillary Clinton of the Democratic Party, which was in power. Clinton's loss to Republican challenger Donald Trump in the election meant that the Redskins Rule did not hold in 2016 despite Clinton winning the popular vote.
The rule typically does not count the team's time playing in Boston (1932–1936). The team competed as the Boston Braves in 1932 when they won 19–6 over the Staten Island Stapletons. This game does not conform to the rule, as Franklin D. Roosevelt defeated incumbent Herbert Hoover in that election. However, in 1936, the first election year the team competed under its longtime nickname, they defeated the Chicago Cardinals and the incumbent Democratic president, Roosevelt, went on to win re-election.
It is unknown as to what the status of the rule would be if the final game ended in a tie, since the rule does not account for the last home game ending in a tie. However, as a tied game would end without a winner, it could be that the rule would be upheld if the election has no winner (meaning neither candidate gets the needed 270 electoral votes).
Results
See also
Curse of Tippecanoe
Mierscheid law
Notes
References
Redskins Rule
Presidential elections in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redskins%20Rule
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