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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Item
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Digital Item is the basic unit of transaction in the MPEG-21 framework. It is a structured digital object, including a standard representation, identification and metadata.
A Digital Item may be a combination of resources like videos, audio tracks or images; metadata, such as descriptors and identifiers; and structure for describing the relationships between the resources.
It is becoming difficult for users of content to identify and interpret the different intellectual property rights that are associated with the elements of multimedia content. For this reason, new solutions are required for the access, delivery, management and protection of this content.
Digital Item Declaration
MPEG-21 proposes to facilitate a wide range of actions involving Digital Items so there is a need for a very precise description for defining exactly what constitutes such an item.
A Digital Item Declaration (DID) is a document that specifies the makeup, structure and organisation of a Digital Item. The purpose of the Digital Item Declaration is to describe a set of abstract terms and concepts, to form a useful model for defining what a Digital Item is. Following this model, a Digital Item is the digital representation of an object, which is managed, described or exchanged within the model.
Digital Item Identification
Digital Item Identification (DII) specification includes not only how to identify Digital Items uniquely but also to distinguish different types of them. These Identifiers are placed in a specific part of the Digital Item Declaration, which is the statement element, and they are associated with Digital Items.
Digital Items and their parts are identified by encapsulating uniform resource identifiers, which are a compact string of characters for identifying an abstract or physical resource.
The elements of a DID can have zero, one or more descriptors; each descriptor may contain a statement which can contain an identifier relating to the parent element of the statement. Besides the references to the resources, a DID can include information about the item or its parts. On the left, there is a visual example about the metadata that a music album could have in MPEG-21.
It is necessary for DII to allow differentiating between the different schemas that users can use to describe their content. MPEG-21 DII uses the XML mechanism to do this.
Digital Item Adaptation
Mainly, the key element is to achieve transparent access to distributed advanced multimedia content, by avoiding users from doing network and terminal installation, management and implementation. This will enable the provision of network and terminal resources on demand to form user communities where multimedia content can be created and shared, always with the agreed/contracted quality, reliability and flexibility.
Towards this objective the adaptation of Digital Items is required. As shown in the next conceptual schema, a Digital Item is subject to a descriptor adaptation engine, as we
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Dylan%20programming%20language
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Dylan programming language history first introduces the history with a continuous text. The second section gives a timeline overview of the history and present several milestones and watersheds. The third section presents quotations related to the history of the Dylan programming language.
Introduction to the history
Dylan was originally developed by Apple Cambridge, then a part of the Apple Advanced Technology Group (ATG). Its initial goal was to produce a new system programming application development programming language for the Apple Newton PDA, but soon it became clear that this would take too much time. Walter Smith developed NewtonScript for scripting and application development, and systems programming was done in the language C. Development continued on Dylan for the Macintosh. The group produced an early Technology Release of its Apple Dylan product, but the group was dismantled due to internal restructuring before they could finish any real usable products.
According to Apple Confidential by Owen W. Linzmayer, the original code name for the Dylan project was Ralph, for Ralph Ellison, author of the novel Invisible Man, to reflect its status as a secret research project.
The initial killer application for Dylan was the Apple Newton PDA, but the initial implementation came too late for it. Also, the performance and size objectives were missed. So Dylan was retargeted toward a general computer programming audience. To compete in this market, it was decided to switch to infix notation.
Andrew Shalit (along with David A. Moon and Orca Starbuck) wrote the Dylan Reference Manual, which served as a basis for work at Harlequin (software company) and Carnegie Mellon University. When Apple Cambridge was closed, several members went to Harlequin, which produces a working compiler and development environment for Microsoft Windows. When Harlequin got bought and split, some of the developers founded Functional Objects. In 2003, the firm contributed its repository to the Dylan open source community. This repository was the foundation of the free and open-source software Dylan implementation Open Dylan.
In 2003, the Dylan community had already proven its engagement for Dylan. In summer 1998, the community took over the code from the Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) Dylan implementation named for the Gwydion project, and founded the open-source model project Gwydion Dylan. At that time, CMU had already stopped working at their Dylan implementation because Apple in its financial crisis could no longer sponsor the project. CMU thus shifted its research toward the mainstream and toward Java.
Today, Gwydion Dylan and Open Dylan are the only working Dylan compilers. While the first is still a Dylan-to-C compiler, Open Dylan produces native code for Intel processors. Open Dylan was designed to account for the Architecture Neutral Distribution Format (ANDF).
Timeline overview
History by (mostly) quotations
The roots of the programming language Dylan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20%28software%20platform%29
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Java is a set of computer software and specifications that provides a software platform for developing application software and deploying it in a cross-platform computing environment. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms from embedded devices and mobile phones to enterprise servers and supercomputers. Java applets, which are less common than standalone Java applications, were commonly run in secure, sandboxed environments to provide many features of native applications through being embedded in HTML pages.
Writing in the Java programming language is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed as byte code in a Java virtual machine (JVM); byte code compilers are also available for other languages, including Ada, JavaScript, Python, and Ruby. In addition, several languages have been designed to run natively on the JVM, including Clojure, Groovy, and Scala. Java syntax borrows heavily from C and C++, but object-oriented features are modeled after Smalltalk and Objective-C. Java eschews certain low-level constructs such as pointers and has a very simple memory model where objects are allocated on the heap (while some implementations e.g. all currently supported by Oracle, may use escape analysis optimization to allocate on the stack instead) and all variables of object types are references. Memory management is handled through integrated automatic garbage collection performed by the JVM.
Latest version
The latest version is Java 21, a long-term support (LTS) version released in September 2023, while Java 17 released in September 2021 is also supported, one of a few older LTS releases down to Java 8 LTS. As an open source platform, Java has many distributors, including Amazon, IBM, Azul Systems, and AdoptOpenJDK. Distributions include Amazon Corretto, Zulu, AdoptOpenJDK, and Liberica. Regarding Oracle, it distributes Java 8, and also makes available e.g. Java 11, both also currently supported LTS versions. Oracle (and others) "highly recommend that you uninstall older versions of Java" than Java 8, because of serious risks due to unresolved security issues. Since Java 9 (as well as versions 10, and 12–16, and 18–20) are no longer supported, Oracle advises its users to "immediately transition" to a supported version. Oracle released the last free-for-commercial-use public update for the legacy Java 8 LTS in January 2019, and will continue to support Java 8 with public updates for personal use indefinitely. Oracle extended support for Java 6 ended in December 2018.
Platform
The Java platform is a suite of programs that facilitate developing and running programs written in the Java programming language. A Java platform includes an execution engine (called a virtual machine), a compiler and a set of libraries; there may also be additional servers and alternative libraries that depend on the requirements. Java platforms have been implemented for a wide variety of hardware and operating systems with a view to enable Java prog
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM%20%28disambiguation%29
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GSM is the Global System for Mobile communications, a standard for networking mobile devices such as mobile telephones.
GSM may also refer to:
Education
GSM London, a higher education provider in England
Guildhall School of Music and Drama, formerly Guildhall School of Music, England
Graduate Studies in Mathematics, textbooks by the American Mathematical Society
Military
Garrison sergeant major, in the British Army
General Service Medal (disambiguation), several campaign medals
Gas turbine system technician (mechanical), a U.S. Navy rating
Organisations
Glass Sport Motors, a former South African car company
Flyglobespan (ICAO airline code), a former airline based in Scotland
Ginebra San Miguel, a subsidiary of San Miguel Corporation
Green and Smart Mobility Joint Stock Company, a sub company of Vingroup
Places
Church of St Mary the Great, Cambridge or Great St Mary's, England
Qeshm International Airport (IATA code), Qeshm Island, Iran
Għajnsielem (postcode), Gozo, Malta
Other uses
Grams per square metre (non-standard for g/m2), a measure of paper density or grammage
Grams per square metre (g/m2), a measure of thermal insulation for example sleeping bags; see Tog (unit)
Grenache, Syrah, Mourvèdre, blends in Rhône wine and Australian wine
Gender and Sexual Minorities, an alternative term to LGBT
Guatemalan Sign Language (ISO 639 language code: gsm)
See also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Importer%20%28computing%29
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An importer is a software application that reads in a data file or metadata information in one format and converts it to another format via special algorithms (such as filters). An importer often is not an entire program by itself, but an extension to another program, implemented as a plug-in. When implemented in this way, the importer reads the data from the file and converts it into the hosting application's native format.
For example, the data file for a 3D model may be written from a modeler, such as 3D Studio Max. A game developer may then want to use that model in their game's editor. An importer, part of the editor, may read in the 3D Studio Max model and convert it to the game's native format so it can be used in game levels.
Importers are important tools in the video game industry. A plug-in or application that does the converse of an importer is called an exporter.
See also
Data scraping
Web scraping
Report mining
Mashup (web application hybrid)
Metadata
Comparison of feed aggregators
Video game development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oregan%20Networks
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Oregan Networks Ltd is a global software and services company, providing an embedded middleware platform for delivery of multi-network Digital TV services to hybrid broadcast receivers.
The company's software is utilised in devices deployed by leading telecoms and broadcast operators including British Telecom, Telefonica, CAT Telecom, NTT Plala and Batelco.
A derivative of Oregan's software is also used in retail streaming video products, such as media players and Connected TV's that are sold at retail by brands including Sony, Philips, Dixons and Sharp.
Oregan's headquarters and primary R&D centre are located in London UK, with branch offices in Singapore, Mexico, Korea, Taiwan and Argentina.
History
In its early days, Oregan provided web browser and media streaming software to Sony Computer Entertainment Europe for enabling PlayStation 2 to render the Sony games portal, Central Station.
In December 2009 Oregan launched Onyx, an Oregan branded solution for Connected TVs, which was deployed by UK based LCD TV manufacturer Cello Electronics for distribution by UK retailers such as Marks & Spencers and Dixons. These Onyx powered TVs are understood to be the first Connected TVs to deliver BBC iPlayer content as well as YouTube and other OTT video services into UK homes, but were quickly followed by similar products from LCD TV market behemoths Samsung, Sony and LG due to significant market demand for accessing BBC iPlayer on Connected TVs.
In more recent years, Oregan has seemingly focused on providing technology and professional services to telecoms and broadcast operators, for delivery of Pay TV solutions over DVB and IP networks. Aside from providing software for the BT Vision 2.0 STB from British Telecom in the UK, the company is active in emerging market territories including South America, SE Asia and the Middle East.
In May 2018, Oregan launched advanced set-top box SparQ middleware for Linux and Android TV.
See also
Digital Television
Personal Video Recorder
IPTV
Video On Demand
Interactive Television
Smart TV
Set Top Box
References
External links
Oregan Networks website
Digital television
Interactive television
Conditional-access television broadcasting
Companies established in 1997
Software companies of the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameLab%20London
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Gamelab London is an enterprise and action research initiative of London Metropolitan University Department of Computing. Their directors are all senior or principal lecturers in the department's multimedia group, and all three have previous careers and ongoing consultancy roles in industry. In addition, they play an active role in the British Interactive Media Association and BAFTA Interactive.
Gamelab London has developed a collaborative model of engagement with industry, independent practitioners and the education sector, including Student Associates - which drives a two-way flow of knowledge, concepts and best practice through all of its work.
GameLab London is based in Shoreditch, London.
References
External links
GameLab London
Video game organizations
Video game studies
Video gaming in the United Kingdom
Hoxton
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Knowledge%20Base%20Connectivity
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Open Knowledge Base Connectivity (OKBC) is a protocol and an API for accessing knowledge in knowledge representation systems such as ontology repositories and object–relational databases. It is somewhat complementary to the Knowledge Interchange Format that serves as a general representation language for knowledge. It is developed by SRI International's Artificial Intelligence Center for DARPA's High Performance Knowledge Base program (HPKB).
External links
Open Knowledge Base Connectivity Home Page
SRI International software
Knowledge representation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exporter%20%28computing%29
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An exporter is a software application that writes out a data file in a format different from its native format. It does this via special algorithms (such as filters). An exporter often is not an entire program by itself, but an extension to another program, implemented as a plug-in. When implemented in this way, the exporter converts the hosting application's native format into the desired format and writes it to the file.
For example, a 3D model may be written with a modeler, such as 3D Studio Max. A game developer may want to use that model in its game, but uses a custom format that is different from 3D Studio Max's native format. Using the exporter, the model can be saved in the developer's native format and then read into the game (or a tool) without any extra conversion. Using exporters, game tools can also export from their native format into formats for other applications (such as the modeler or a paint program, such as Photoshop).
Exporters are important tools in the video game industry. A plug-in or application that does the converse of an exporter is called an importer. Importers and exporters are often used in conjunction with one another in many software development environments.
Video game development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roadracers%20%281994%20film%29
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Roadracers is a 1994 made-for-television film directed by Robert Rodriguez, his second feature film following the success of his 1992 debut, El Mariachi. The film originally aired on Showtime Network as part of their Rebel Highway series that took the titles of 1950s-era B-movies and applied them to original films starring up-and-coming actors of the 1990s (including the likes of Alicia Silverstone and Shannen Doherty) and directed by established directors such as William Friedkin, Joe Dante, and Ralph Bakshi. Rodriguez was the only young director to participate in the series. The series was produced by the son and daughter of Samuel Z. Arkoff, the co-founder and producer of American International Pictures (AIP), the distributor of the films this series takes its titles from.
Robert Rodriguez's take concerned a rebel named Dude Delaney (David Arquette) who dreams of leaving his dead end small town and becoming a rockabilly star but gets caught up in a nasty feud with the town's local sheriff (William Sadler) and his son (Jason Wiles). Salma Hayek plays Dude's girlfriend, Donna.
Plot
Dude, a 1950s greaser, engages in a high-speed chase with the local cops, Sarge and his unnamed partner. After Dude causes their car to crash in a game of chicken, he joins his girlfriend Donna at a club. Donna does not enjoy the loud rock music preferred by Dude, and she is annoyed that he has made her wait. After they dance, Dude's friend Nixer joins them, much to Donna's annoyance. As they cruise around town and try to decide what to do, they run into Teddy, a rival greaser, and his friends. After exchanging insults, the two groups engage in a drag race. When Dude flicks his cigarette at the other car, it lands in Teddy's girlfriend's hair and sets it on fire. Teddy's car swerves and loses the race as the occupants attempt to put out the fire. Teddy and his friends swear revenge, and Dude drives off.
When he later sees Dude, Sarge threatens to arrest him but says that he is content to wait for a charge that will result in Dude's incarceration. Sarge privately berates his son, Teddy, for letting Dude make a fool of him and says that Teddy must get the situation under control before others begin to question Teddy's authority – and Sarge's own by extension. Teddy later confronts Dude and Nixer at J. T.'s diner, but J. T. defuses the situation. When Teddy challenges Dude to a street fight, one of Teddy's friends reminds him that he has set up a date with his girlfriend, who is his friend's sister. Teddy is forced to delay the fight, and Dude sets a date with Donna at the same roller rink. Annoyed to find Dude there, Teddy attempts to start a fight with him, only to end up embarrassed when Dude uses his hair gel to cause Teddy and his friends to crash.
Dude, Nixer, and Donna go to see Nixer's favorite film, Invasion of the Body Snatchers, and they later discuss the film's themes at J. T.'s diner. J. T. tells them that they must be ready to seize oppor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triglav%20%28computer%29
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Triglav was a computer from Slovenia developed in the 1980s and manufactured by Iskra Delta. It came to the market in 1985. It had options for three different central processing units (DEC J11, Intel 80286 and Motorola 68010) and could therefore run several different operating systems that were popular at the time (such as μDelta/M - based on Micro/RSX, Xenix, OS-9, MS-DOS and RMX). Also supported was a hard drive with a capacity between 40 and 80 MB, 5.25" floppy drive and a microstreamer tape drive.
Triglav/J11 with μDelta/M was configured as a single or multi-processor system (up to four CPUs) with different multiprocessing options. It was designed by engineers Dušan Zalar (CPU and multiprocessing HW and SW architecture) and Vladimir Pečar (μDelta/M and multiprocessing SW architecture).
The computer is named after Triglav, the highest Slovenian mountain. With the name meaning "three-headed" it also symbolises the three CPU architectures supported by its design. On the foreign markets, Triglav is named Trident. Trident, the three-pronged spear, similarly symbolizes the three CPUs.
References
External links
Photo gallery from Kiberpipa computer museum.
Computing by computer model
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bush%20Telegraph
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Bush Telegraph was a radio program on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Radio National network, broadcast weekdays (Monday-Friday) at 11-12am, presenting stories from rural and regional Australia. It ran from 23 April 2001 until 19 December 2014.
"Bush telegraph" is the Australian country term for the informal network which spreads news and gossip through a region of rural or outback Australia.
History
The show began on 23 April 2001 and the last program was aired on Friday, 19 December 2014.
Format
The show presented original stories, Australian music, rural news and reports from ABC rural reporters across Australia. The show's topics of debate included genetically modified food, services in rural Australia, climate change and water policies.
Special series
Bush Telegraph also ran several innovative listener participation series, where listeners were able to vote on aspects of a project through the internet site and phone-in lines, such as:
2002/3: Grow Your Own
In 2002 and early 2003, Bush Telegraph listeners voted on production of a cotton crop. Stu Higgins, a cotton farmer from Jandowae (near Chinchilla) in Queensland, offered of his crop. The show had weekly updates, and votes were taken on matters such as: how the crop should be fertilised, or whether natural or artificial defoliant should be used. The crop was successful, and achieved a premium price. Higgins received an award, the Queensland Primary Industries Achievement Award for media and communication.
2006: Wine on the Wireless
For the 2006 harvest, commencing March 2006, a grape grower and winery owner, Ian Davison of Galens Tor winery near Orange, New South Wales, offered Shiraz grapes for two vintages:
a listener-decided vintage;
a competing vintage made by students from the Orange TAFE's oenology course.
Each group would make a barrel of Shiraz wine with the help of professional winemakers, with professional judges deciding on the outcome. Listeners were able to buy bottles of each wine and decide for themselves.
Presenters
The last presenter was Cameron Wilson. Previous presenters include Helen Brown, Michael Mackenzie (2004-2009) and Michael Cathcart (2009-2012).
References
Australian Broadcasting Corporation radio programs
2014 disestablishments in Australia
Australian talk radio programs
2000s Australian radio programs
2010s Australian radio programs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ran%20Libeskind-Hadas
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Ran Libeskind-Hadas is the founding chair of the Department of Integrated Sciences at Claremont McKenna College. He was previously a professor of computer science at Harvey Mudd College where he served as chair of that department and associate dean of faculty. His research interests lie in the area of algorithms for computational biology.
Libeskind-Hadas graduated from Harvard University with a degree in applied mathematics in 1987. He went on to complete an M.S. and Ph.D. in computer science at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 1993. In August of that year, he was hired into the Department of Mathematics at Harvey Mudd College and, the following year, moved to the Department of Computer Science.
Libeskind-Hadas serves on the Executive Board of the Computing Research Association, the editorial board of the Communications of the ACM, and the National Science Foundation CISE Advisory Council.
Reference line notes
External links
Ran Libeskind-Hadas at the Harvey Mudd College website
Harvey Mudd College faculty
American computer scientists
Theoretical computer scientists
Living people
Harvard University alumni
Grainger College of Engineering alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable%20gauge
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A variable gauge system allows railway vehicles in a train to travel across a break of gauge between two railway networks with different track gauges. For through operation, a train must be equipped with special bogies holding variable gauge wheelsets which contain a variable gauge axle (VGA).
The gauge is altered by driving the train through a gauge changer or gauge changing facility. As the train passes through the gauge changer, the wheels are unlocked, are moved closer together, or further apart, and are then re-locked. Installed variable gauge systems exist within the internal network of Spain, and are installed on international links between Spain/France (Spanish train), Sweden/Finland (Swedish train), Poland/Lithuania (Polish train) and Poland/Ukraine (Polish train).
A system for changing gauge without the need to stop is in widespread use for passenger traffic in Spain, for services run on a mix of dedicated high-speed lines (using Standard gauge) and older lines (using Iberian gauge). Similar systems for freight traffic are still in their infancy, as the higher axle weight increases the technological challenge. Although several alternatives exist, including transferring freight, replacing individual wheels and axles, bogie exchange, transporter flatcars or the simple transshipment of freight or passengers, they are impractical, thus a cheap and fast system for changing gauge would be beneficial for cross-border freight traffic.
Alternative names include Gauge Adjustable Wheelsets (GAW), Automatic Track Gauge Changeover System (ATGCS/TGCS), Rolling Stock Re-Gauging System (RSRS), Rail Gauge Adjustment System (RGAS), Shifting wheelset, Variable Gauge Rolling Truck, track gauge change and track change wheelset.
Overview
Variable gauge axles help solve the problem of a break-of-gauge without having to resort to dual gauge tracks or transshipment. Systems allow the adjustment between two gauges. No gauge changer designs supporting more than two gauges are used.
Systems
There are several variable gauge axle systems:
Talgo-RD (from Talgo).
The Talgo system has been in revenue service in Portbou and Irun, on the Spanish-French border, since 1969
It is used on the Strizh train (swift) between Moscow and Berlin.
From 2014 for freight wagons up to 22.5 tonne axleloads
CAF-BRAVA (from Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles)
The BRAVA system was originally designed in 1968 by the Vevey Company in Switzerland. The system was originally called the "Vevey axle".<ref>{{cite web|work=La Vie du Rail, No. 1415, 4 November 1973|title= ÉCARTEMENTS VARIABLES: L' "ESSIEU MIRACLE" EST-IL NÉ DANS LE CANTON DE VAUD?|url=http://www.laviedurail.com|language=fr}}</ref> The design was subsequently obtained and improved by Construcciones y Auxiliar de Ferrocarriles (CAF).
DB Cargo–Knorr-Bremse. being developed in 2002 for use between Europe and Russia.
DBAG–Rafil Type V for freight (from for Deutsche Bahn).
Japan Railways RTRI (from the Japan Rai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJWD
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WJWD (90.3 MHz) is a non-commercial FM radio station licensed to Marshall, Wisconsin and serving the Madison metropolitan area. It is owned by the Calvary Radio Network, an Indiana nonprofit corporation based in Valparaiso, Indiana. WJWD broadcasts that network's lineup of Christian talk and teaching programs with some Contemporary Christian music, mostly modern praise and worship and Christian rock and pop. Calvary Radio is the radio outreach of several non-denominational churches focused on the "inerrancy of the Bible" and the "expository teaching from Genesis to Revelation".
WJWD has an effective radiated power (ERP) of 9,900 watts (vertical polarization) and 55 watts (horizontal polarization). The transmitter is on Route 60 at Zurbruegg Road in Columbus, Wisconsin. In Madison, WJWD can also be heard on 10 watt FM translator W270AU at 101.1 MHz.
History
This station received its original construction permit from the Federal Communications Commission on February 25, 2000. The new station was assigned the call letters WJWD by the FCC on August 1, 2001. WJWD received its license to cover from the FCC on March 19, 2003.
WJWD first signed on in January 2003. In February 2007, the station applied to the FCC for a "main studio waiver" that would allow the station to be operated remotely from outside the broadcast area of the station itself.
Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa sold the station in 2010 to the Calvary Radio Network.
Programming
Some of the station's programs include The Upward Call and Battleground. For The Upward Call, Pastor Jeff Solwold presents the Gospel with line by line, verse by verse Bible teaching that airs weeknights at 6:00 p.m., noon on Saturdays, and 9:30 a.m. on Sundays. Battleground airs live Mondays through Fridays at 10:30 a.m. Central.
Another popular program is Pastor's Perspective, a live call in show that deals with Christian apologetics and questions about the Bible and Christian living. It airs every week night.
The Word For Today, with Pastor Chuck Smith, is broadcast twice a day at 7:30 a.m. and Noon. The Word For Today is a non-profit organization, and an outreach of Calvary Chapel of Costa Mesa. Pastor Chuck Smith's radio and TV programs can be heard on stations nationwide. The program can be heard in over 350 cities worldwide, and airs more than 300 times daily.
WJWD airs the 10:30 a.m. services, live, from Calvary Chapel Madison starting at 10:40 a.m. until noon.
Translators
References
External links
Calvary Radio Network's website
JWD
JWD
Radio stations established in 2003
2003 establishments in Wisconsin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XSB
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XSB is the name of a dialect of the Prolog programming language and its implementation developed at Stony Brook University in collaboration with the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, the New University of Lisbon, Uppsala University and software vendor XSB, Inc.
XSB extends Prolog with tabled resolution and HiLog.
The open source XSB implementation includes an interface to the Java programming language.
Features
XSB features tabled resolution and supports the HiLog language (a standard extension of Prolog permitting limited higher-order logic programming). Tabling enables XSB to implement the well-founded semantics and makes it suitable as a deductive database engine.
History
XSB was originally developed at Stony Brook University by David S. Warren, Terrance Swift, and Kostis Sagonas and launched in 1993-4. It was based on the SB-Prolog language that was also developed at Stony Brook University in 1986, and it was the first implementation of tabled resolution.
Syntax
XSB supports several standard programming language data types such as Integers, Floating Point numbers, and Atoms.
Integers in XSB can be interpreted in multiple bases. By default integers are interpreted in base 10 but can be interpreted in a range of bases from 2 to 36.
Atoms are similar to Strings. They are a sequence of characters.
External links
XSB
XSB technical summary
Programming in Tabled Prolog: draft of a book about XSB programming by David S. Warren of Stony Brook University
The XSB System Programmer's Manual by Terrance Swift, David S. Warren, and others
Information on Stony Brook Prolog
References
Bibliography
Prolog programming language family
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panzer%20Bandit
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is a video game developed by Fill-in-Cafe and published by Banpresto for the PlayStation in 1997 and for PlayStation Network in 2011, exclusively in Japan.
Gameplay
Panzer Bandit is a side-scrolling beat 'em up game that uses the same engine used in Mad Stalker: Full Metal Forth, also for the PlayStation. There is a total of 12 characters, including the four story characters and the eight unlockable bosses. The game is controlled with two attack buttons (strong and weak) and the directional pad for moving left, right, crouching, and jumping. Shoulder buttons can also be used to change between foreground and background and can be used to activate the character's special attack. An unusual aspect of the game is that if the player stands still during an attack, it is considered a guard. Other features include a combo counter and a guided elemental attack which launches an enemy.
Plot
In the world of Panzer Bandit, sources have since gone scarce with the reduction in energy that is consistently used by humans. For this, an organization called Arc, led by the evil Prof. Fuarado, seek to manipulate the consumption of preserved energy and ultimately conquer the world with that in possession. For the course of the game, four heroes are required to take the preserved energy before Arc and ultimately, destroy whatever is left of Arc.
Development
Panzer Bandit is based on Axion, an unreleased fighting game for the Mega Drive under development by Treasure before being reworked into Yu Yu Hakusho Makyō Tōitsusen. The music was composed by Kenta Watanabe.
Reception
Initial reviews for Panzer Bandit were positive. Consoles + favorably compared its gameplay to Capcom's Final Fight games, enjoying its action-filled gameplay and sense of humor. Though they felt the stages were too short and its multiplayer mode became unnecessarily chaotic, they felt these issues were surpassed by the game's overall quality. These sentiments were mirrored by Superjuegos, which also enjoyed the variety of its characters. The magazine also praised the game for sticking out from Banpresto's other titles, such as its anime licenses and Super Robot Wars series. Multiple critics pointed out similarities between Panzer Bandit and Treasure's Guardian Heroes (1996); GameFan believed Banpresto's offering was different enough to make it stand out, and showed enthusiasm towards its combat and enemy juggling mechanics.
Retrospective reception for Panzer Bandit has also been positive. In 2014, Push Square described it as being "a stunning game that not only serves as a reminder of the PSone’s outstanding two-dimensional capabilities, but also a title that finds a worthy place within what was a pretty crowded genre." They felt the game wasn't as well-designed as Guardian Heroes, but its controls and combat sequences made it an enjoyable game in its own right. Hardcore Gaming 101 in 2019 wrote that Panzer Bandit was a far better follow-up to Guardian Heroes than the official sequel, Guard
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelet%20modulation
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Wavelet modulation, also known as fractal modulation, is a modulation technique that makes use of wavelet transformations to represent the data being transmitted. One of the objectives of this type of modulation is to send data at multiple rates over a channel that is unknown. If the channel is not clear for one specific bit rate, meaning that the signal will not be received, the signal can be sent at a different bit rate where the signal-to-noise ratio is higher.
References
Quantized radio modulation modes
Wavelets
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RadioTux
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RadioTux is a German internet radio show. The topics are mostly around free and open source software, free operating systems like *BSD and Linux, as well as on sociopolitical issues. It was founded in 2001.
There have been made more than 100 transmissions and many interviews with famous people like Mark Shuttleworth, Miguel de Icaza, Hans Reiser, Jon “Maddog” Hall, Richard Stallman and so on.
Since 2005 there are also several podcasts available one is the interview feed in English.
Everybody can participate on RadioTux. All topics are welcome: there are no limits.
The site of the project is based on a wiki, which means that anyone can use his/her web browser to enhance the contents of the pages by editing them. This makes it really easy for everyone to participate.
Internal communication works over a mailing list, which is open for everyone to listen in.
Radio on demand
Shows are produced on a monthly basis. Several volunteers are involved in this process; they include reports, essays, interviews and free music. Depending on the material these shows take 30 to 60 minutes. Users interested in the information only can download a stripped down version without music.
The shows are available in MP3 as well as in the free Ogg/Vorbis format.
Up to now (July 2008) more than 80 shows have been produced. Some of them have been broadcast live at the Berlin radio station.
On the website everyone may leave suggestions for upcoming shows.
Podcasts
When RadioTux started, podcasts were not yet known, so it can be considered being one of the first podcasts which came up and which is still existing.
Single articles and interviews are made available as podcast. So current news are instantly available. Due to categorisation users can subscribe to the newsfeeds of topics they are interested to and load them directly to MP3 player. This compatibility with current mobile playback devices is the reason why the podcast uses the MP3 format.
Live
RadioTux often participates at Linux and similar events and reports live. Live broadcasts as comprehensive programming have been transmitted from LinuxTag, the Linux World Conference & Expo and the Chemnitzer Linux-Tage.
On live events RadioTux is being supported by the free radio station Kanal Ratte which provides studio equipment, streaming servers and airtime. Several shows are presented by Kanal Ratte staff and transmitted live into their programme which is available via FM, cable and livestream.
At the Linux World Conference & Expo 2006 in Cologne RadioTux for the first time has been media partner of an event.
Since November 2006 the weekly show RadioTux@HoRadS is presented at the Hochschulradio Stuttgart on FM and livestream. The common topics on Linux and free software were discussed there with studio guests, articles from the RadioTux archive (podcasts, interviews) provide appropriate background information.
See also
List of technology podcasts
References
External links
: podcast episodes
Internet
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enumerated%20type
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In computer programming, an enumerated type (also called enumeration, enum, or factor in the R programming language, and a categorical variable in statistics) is a data type consisting of a set of named values called elements, members, enumeral, or enumerators of the type. The enumerator names are usually identifiers that behave as constants in the language. An enumerated type can be seen as a degenerate tagged union of unit type. A variable that has been declared as having an enumerated type can be assigned any of the enumerators as a value. In other words, an enumerated type has values that are different from each other, and that can be compared and assigned, but are not specified by the programmer as having any particular concrete representation in the computer's memory; compilers and interpreters can represent them arbitrarily.
For example, the four suits in a deck of playing cards may be four enumerators named Club, Diamond, Heart, and Spade, belonging to an enumerated type named suit. If a variable V is declared having suit as its data type, one can assign any of those four values to it.
Although the enumerators are usually distinct, some languages may allow the same enumerator to be listed twice in the type's declaration. The names of enumerators need not be semantically complete or compatible in any sense. For example, an enumerated type called color may be defined to consist of the enumerators Red, Green, Zebra, Missing, and Bacon. In some languages, the declaration of an enumerated type also intentionally defines an ordering of its members (High, Medium and Low priorities); in others, the enumerators are unordered (English, French, German and Spanish supported languages); in others still, an implicit ordering arises from the compiler concretely representing enumerators as integers.
Some enumerator types may be built into the language. The Boolean type, for example is often a pre-defined enumeration of the values False and True. A unit type consisting of a single value may also be defined to represent null. Many languages allow users to define new enumerated types.
Values and variables of an enumerated type are usually implemented with some integer type as the underlying representation. Some languages, especially system programming languages, allow the user to specify the bit combination to be used for each enumerator, which can be useful to efficiently represent sets of enumerators as fixed-length bit strings. In type theory, enumerated types are often regarded as tagged unions of unit types. Since such types are of the form , they may also be written as natural numbers.
Rationale
Some early programming languages did not originally have enumerated types. If a programmer wanted a variable, for example myColor, to have a value of red, the variable red would be declared and assigned some arbitrary value, usually an integer constant. The variable red would then be assigned to myColor. Other techniques assigned arbitrary values to str
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9BProlog
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λProlog, also written lambda Prolog, is a logic programming language featuring polymorphic typing, modular programming, and higher-order programming. These extensions to Prolog are derived from the higher-order hereditary Harrop formulas used to justify the foundations of λProlog. Higher-order quantification, simply typed λ-terms, and higher-order unification gives λProlog the basic supports needed to capture the λ-tree syntax approach to higher-order abstract syntax, an approach to representing syntax that maps object-level bindings to programming language bindings. Programmers in λProlog need not deal with bound variable names: instead various declarative devices are available to deal with binder scopes and their instantiations.
History
Since 1986, λProlog has received numerous implementations. As of 2023, the language and its implementations are still actively being developed.
The Abella theorem prover has been designed to provide an interactive environment for proving theorems about the declarative core of λProlog.
See also
Curry's paradox#Lambda calculus — about inconsistency problems caused by combining (propositional) logic and untyped lambda calculus
References
Tutorials and texts
Dale Miller and Gopalan Nadathur have written the book Programming with higher-order logic, published by Cambridge University Press in June 2012.
Amy Felty has written in a 1997 tutorial on lambda Prolog and its Applications to Theorem Proving.
John Hannan has written a tutorial on Program Analysis in lambda Prolog for the 1998 PLILP Conference.
Olivier Ridoux has written Lambda-Prolog de A à Z... ou presque (163 pages, French). It is available as PostScript, PDF, and html.
External links
λProlog homepage
Entry at the Software Preservation Group.
Implementations
The Teyjus λProlog compiler is currently the oldest implementation still being maintained. This compiler project is led by Gopalan Nadathur and various of his colleagues and students.
ELPI: an Embeddable λProlog Interpreter has been developed by Enrico Tassi and Claudio Sacerdoti Coen. It is implemented in OCaml and is available online. The system is described in a paper that appeared LPAR 2015. ELPI is also available as a Coq plugin: see Enrico Tassi's tutorial on this plugin.
The Abella prover can be used to prove theorems about λProlog programs and specifications.
Prolog programming language family
Logic in computer science
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical%20points%20of%20the%20elements%20%28data%20page%29
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Critical point
References
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
Estimated accuracy for Tc and Pc is indicated by the number of digits. Above 750 K Tc values may be in error by 10 K or more. Vc values are not assumed accurate more than to a few percent. Parentheses indicate extrapolated values. From these sources:
(a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
(b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4229, (1966).
(c) O. Sifner, J. Klomfar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 63, (1994).
(d) N.B. Vargaftik, Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 467, (1990).
LNG
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6; Table 6.5 Critical Properties
KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; D. Ambrose, M.B. Ewing, M.L. McGlashan, Critical constants and second virial coefficients of gases (retrieved Dec 2005)
SMI
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 259, Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases
See also
Phase transitions
Units of pressure
Temperature
Properties of chemical elements
Chemical element data pages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO%2015926
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The ISO 15926 is a standard for data integration, sharing, exchange, and hand-over between computer systems.
The title, "Industrial automation systems and integration—Integration of life-cycle data for process plants including oil and gas production facilities", is regarded too narrow by the present ISO 15926 developers. Having developed a generic data model and reference data library for process plants, it turned out that this subject is already so wide, that actually any state information may be modelled with it.
History
In 1991 a European Union ESPRIT-, named ProcessBase, started. The focus of this research project was to develop a data model for lifecycle information of a facility that would suit the requirements of the process industries. At the time that the project duration had elapsed, a consortium of companies involved in the process industries had been established: EPISTLE (European Process Industries STEP Technical Liaison Executive). Initially individual companies were members, but later this changed into a situation where three national consortia were the only members: PISTEP (UK), POSC/Caesar (Norway), and USPI-NL (Netherlands). (later PISTEP merged into POSC/Caesar, and USPI-NL was renamed to USPI).
EPISTLE took over the work of the ProcessBase project. Initially this work involved a standard called ISO 10303-221 (referred to as "STEP AP221"). In that AP221 we saw, for the first time, an Annex M with a list of standard instances of the AP221 data model, including types of objects. These standard instances would be for reference and would act as a knowledge base with knowledge about the types of objects.
In the early nineties EPISTLE started an activity to extend Annex M to become a library of such object classes and their relationships: STEPlib. In the STEPlib activities a group of approx. 100 domain experts from all three member consortia, spread over the various expertises (e.g. Electrical, Piping, Rotating equipment, etc.), worked together to define the "core classes".
The development of STEPlib was extended with many additional classes and relationships between classes and published as Open Source data. Furthermore, the concepts and relation types from the AP221 and ISO 15926-2 data models were also added to the STEPlib dictionary. This resulted in the development of Gellish English, whereas STEPlib became the Gellish English dictionary. Gellish English is a structured subset of natural English and is a modeling language suitable for knowledge modeling, product modeling and data exchange. It differs from conventional modeling languages (meta languages) as used in information technology as it not only defines generic concepts, but also includes an English dictionary. The semantic expression capability of Gellish English was significantly increased by extending the number of relation types that can be used to express knowledge and information.
For modelling-technical reasons POSC/Caesar proposed another standard than ISO 1
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N31%20road%20%28Ireland%29
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The N31 road is a national primary road in Ireland. It connects the harbour at Dún Laoghaire southeast of Dublin to the national route network. Both the N11 (Dublin – Wexford) and Dublin's M50 C-ring motorway connect to the N31.
Route
With the completion of the Southeastern Motorway section of the M50 in 2005, the N31 was extended to connect to it. Since 2006, the N31 begins at J14 on the M50. Leopardstown Road and Brewery Road bring the N31 northeast to join the N11 Stillorgan Road southeast of Stillorgan.
The route diverges from the N11 again further north as Mount Merrion Avenue, bringing the N31 east to the sea front. From here, the N31 passes through Blackrock via Frescati Road/Blackrock By Pass; (see thumbnail) alongside Monkstown via Temple Road, Newtown Avenue and Seapoint Avenue; and to Dún Laoghaire via Dunleary Road and Crofton Road.
Upgrades
The route was revised in 2005 to include a new section between the M50 and N11. No further planned amendments to the route have been publicised as of 2015, but the N31 would be affected in the event of an Eastern Bypass of Dublin. The current M50 would connect at the southern end of this via a link on a similar alignment to the first half of the current N31.
A major upgrade of the Blackrock By-pass commenced on 18 August 2014 from its junction with Mount Merrion Avenue to Stradbrook Road which was completed on 31 August 2015. It was undertaken by Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown County Council.
In November 2016, the Dublin Bus route 7 from Loughlinstown Park to Mountjoy Square was split into two routes; the 7 and 7a. The purpose of this was to make the journey time on the 7 quicker by using the Blackrock bypass (N31). The 4 bus route also uses the Blackrock bypass.
Go-Ahead Ireland's route 17 from Blackrock railway station to Rialto (Dublin) also uses the N31. It serves the Blackrock Bypass and Mount Merrion Avenue parts of the N31.
The section from Blackrock to Dun Laoghaire is a one-way system, with the former eastbound lane converted to a segregated cycle lane in 2020.
See also
Roads in Ireland
Motorways in Ireland
National secondary road
Regional road
References
External links
Roads Act 1993 (Classification of National Roads) Order 2006 – Department of Transport
31
Roads in County Dublin
Dún Laoghaire
Blackrock, Dublin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB%20Archiver
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KGB Archiver is a discontinued file archiver and data compression utility that employs the PAQ6 compression algorithm. Written in Visual C++ by Tomasz Pawlak, KGB Archiver is designed to achieve a very high compression ratio. It has ten levels of compression, from very weak to maximum. However, at higher compression levels, the time required to compress a file increases significantly. As a consequence, the program uses memory and CPU intensively.
KGB Archiver is free and open-source, released under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Version 2 beta 2 is available for Microsoft Windows and a command-line version of KGB Archiver 1.0 is available for Unix-like operating systems.
Features
Native .kgb files and .zip files
AES-256 encryption
Creating self-extracting archives
Unicode support in both the user interface and file system interactions
Shell extension for Windows
System requirements
The minimum requirements for running KGB Archiver are:
1.5 GHz processor
256 MB RAM
See also
Comparison of file archivers
RAR (file format)
ZPAQ
References
External links
File archivers
Free data compression software
Free file managers
Free software programmed in C++
Windows compression software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synchronization%20%28computer%20science%29
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In computer science, synchronization is the task of coordinating multiple of processes to join up or handshake at a certain point, in order to reach an agreement or commit to a certain sequence of action.
Motivation
The need for synchronization does not arise merely in multi-processor systems but for any kind of concurrent processes; even in single processor systems. Mentioned below are some of the main needs for synchronization:
Forks and Joins: When a job arrives at a fork point, it is split into N sub-jobs which are then serviced by n tasks. After being serviced, each sub-job waits until all other sub-jobs are done processing. Then, they are joined again and leave the system. Thus, parallel programming requires synchronization as all the parallel processes wait for several other processes to occur.
Producer-Consumer: In a producer-consumer relationship, the consumer process is dependent on the producer process until the necessary data has been produced.
Exclusive use resources: When multiple processes are dependent on a resource and they need to access it at the same time, the operating system needs to ensure that only one processor accesses it at a given point in time. This reduces concurrency.
Requirements
Thread synchronization is defined as a mechanism which ensures that two or more concurrent processes or threads do not simultaneously execute some particular program segment known as critical section. Processes' access to critical section is controlled by using synchronization techniques. When one thread starts executing the critical section (serialized segment of the program) the other thread should wait until the first thread finishes. If proper synchronization techniques are not applied, it may cause a race condition where the values of variables may be unpredictable and vary depending on the timings of context switches of the processes or threads.
For example, suppose that there are three processes, namely 1, 2, and 3. All three of them are concurrently executing, and they need to share a common resource (critical section) as shown in Figure 1. Synchronization should be used here to avoid any conflicts for accessing this shared resource. Hence, when Process 1 and 2 both try to access that resource, it should be assigned to only one process at a time. If it is assigned to Process 1, the other process (Process 2) needs to wait until Process 1 frees that resource (as shown in Figure 2).
Another synchronization requirement which needs to be considered is the order in which particular processes or threads should be executed. For example, one cannot board a plane before buying a ticket. Similarly, one cannot check e-mails before validating the appropriate credentials (for example, user name and password). In the same way, an ATM will not provide any service until it receives a correct PIN.
Other than mutual exclusion, synchronization also deals with the following:
deadlock, which occurs when many processes are waiting for a sha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwen%20Tennyson
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Gwendolyn "Gwen" Tennyson, occasionally known as Lucky Girl, is a fictional character that appears in Cartoon Network's Ben 10 franchise, created by Man of Action. The paternal first cousin and best friend of title protagonist Ben Tennyson, Gwen is a core member of Ben’s team who frequently aids him in his various adventures to defeat villains and criminals and protect and save earth and the universe. A highly intelligent and strong martial artist, Gwen later develops magic abilities that are eventually revealed to be alien in nature, having inherited it from her alien paternal grandmother, Verdona.
Gwen was created for original 2005 series, in which she was voiced as a 10-year-old by Meagan Smith. Smith was replaced by Ashley Johnson, who voiced the teenage Gwen for the sequel series Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien, and Ben 10: Omniverse, while Montserrat Hernandez voiced Gwen for the 2016 reboot. Tara Strong also briefly voices a version of Gwen set in an alternate future from the original series.
An anime spin-off solo series starring Gwen, set in the original continuity as she attends college, is in active development.
Fictional character biography
Ben 10 (2005–2008)
In the series, Gwen Tennyson (Meagan Smith) is sent by her parents on a road trip with her Grandpa Max (Paul Eiding) and her cousin Ben (Tara Strong). She and Ben constantly argue, however they are both shown to deeply care for each other on various occasions throughout the series. Following Ben's acquisition of the Omnitrix, the trio embark in a series of adventures, encountering various extraterrestrial and supernatural entities, including the intergalactic alien warlord overlord and conqueror Vilgax and master magician Hex (Khary Payton) and his niece Charmcaster (Kari Wahlgren), the latter of whom detects a "magical aura" within Gwen, which she begins tapping into, acquiring magic powers of her own and obtaining Charmcaster's spellbook. On two occasions, Gwen uses the magic artifacts known as the Charms of Bezel to become the superhero Lucky Girl while becoming powerful like her cousin Ben with his Omnitrix. Besides magic, Gwen's biggest power is her intelligence: she is a computer expert and revealed to have extensive knowledge of history and science. She is also a skilled martial arts practitioner and adept gymnast.
Ben 10: Alien Force (2008–2010)
Set five years after the end of the original series, Gwen Tennyson (Ashley Johnson) is now a black belt in karate, but tends to favor using her powers. She is capable of creating energy blasts and constructs for nearly any purpose and opening up interdimensional portals, which she uses to assist Ben (Yuri Lowenthal) after Max's disappearance forces him to put the Omnitrix back on. In the episode "Everybody Talks About the Weather", the pair's former enemy Kevin (Greg Cipes) tells Gwen her powers and abilities originate from her "alien bloodline", which she refuses to believe. In "What Are Little Girls Made Of?
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Tennyson
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Benjamin Kirby "Ben" Tennyson, commonly known as Ben 10, is a fictional superhero and the title protagonist of Cartoon Network's Ben 10 franchise, created by Man of Action.
Ben started out as a regular 10-year-old boy until he encounters the Omnitrix during his summer vacation; a watch-shaped alien device which initially allowed him to transform into 10 different aliens, but he unlocks more as the franchise progresses. Supported by his cousin Gwen and grandfather Max, Ben fights criminals, but is quickly drawn into fighting supervillains as well. At some point, for unknown reasons, Ben removes the Omnitrix and briefly retires from being a hero for four years. In Alien Force, Ben returns to active duty after Max's disappearance, and along with Gwen and former enemy and rival Kevin Levin, stops the Highbreed invasion and defeats Vilgax, destroying the Omnitrix in the process.
In Ultimate Alien, Ben starts using the Ultimatrix, which is capable of evolving his aliens. In addition, his identity is revealed and he becomes famous not only on Earth, but also across the universe. Over the course of the series, he thwarts the plans of foes like Aggregor and Dagon, and gains a new Omnitrix. In Omniverse, Gwen and Kevin leave for college and Ben gains a new partner, Rook Blonko. In addition to being hunted down by Khyber, Ben also engages in a Multiversal War against Eon and Vilgax and a Time War against Maltruant.
In the 2016 series, the character underwent a reboot, returning to being a 10-year-old boy who travels across the country during his summer vacation, along with his grandfather Max and cousin Gwen, and uses his powers to fight supervillains. Ultimately, Ben meets his adult future self, helps the young Generator Rex, and fights alongside his alternate versions.
He was created for original 2005 series, voiced by Tara Strong. Yuri Lowenthal voiced Ben as a teenager in the sequel series: Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien and Ben 10: Omniverse. Strong returned to voice young Ben in one episode of Ultimate Alien, and then continued to voice him in Omniverse during flashbacks.
Tara Strong reprises her role as 10-year-old Ben in the 2016 reboot; along with voicing his 2005 counterpart in the series finale. Yuri Lowenthal also returns to voice counterparts of teenage Ben from Alien Force, Ultimate Alien, and Omniverse in the series finale of the 2016 series.
Concept and creation
Ben 10 was created by Man of Action, consisting of comic book creators Duncan Rouleau, Joe Casey, Joe Kelly, and Steven T. Seagle, and was produced by Cartoon Network Studios. The group worked on the concept of Ben 10 and its title character roughly three years before Cartoon Network picked up the series. Dave Johnson also helped with the design development. Early on in development, it was decided that a villain would be within the Omnitrix. After Ghostfreak was created, the creators added dialogue into the first season to hint there is something more to Ghostf
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%201128
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NGC 1128 is a dumbbell galaxy in the Abell 400 galaxy cluster. At the center of the galaxy is 3C 75, a radio source, and contains two orbiting supermassive black holes that may be merging. Computer simulations indicate that these two black holes will gradually spiral in toward each other until they merge. Lewis Swift is credited with the discovery of NGC 1128 in 1886.
References
External links
Black Holes Dance With Incredible Violence (SpaceDaily) 12 April 2006
3C 75 in Abell 400: Black Holes Determined to be Bound (Chandra AXAF)
More Images of 3C 75 in Abell 400 (Chandra AXAF)
NGC 1128 (jpeg, Chandra AXAF)
Interacting galaxies
Radio galaxies
Elliptical galaxies
Abell 400
1128
11188
Cetus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast%20Data%20Systems
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Broadcast Data Systems (also known as BDS or Luminate BDS) is a service that tracks radio, television and internet airplay of songs. The service, which is a unit of MRC Data, is a contributing factor to North American charts published by co-owned magazine Billboard, including the Billboard Hot 100 and Canadian Hot 100, when combined with sales and streaming data from Soundscan.
BDS monitors airplay on more than 2,000 radio stations, satellite radio, and cable music channels across the United States (including Puerto Rico), Canada, and Mexico. Luminate distributes BDS airplay data in their suite of music data products, including Music Connect, BDSRadio, BDS RealTime, ENcore and Musictracking.
From August 2006 to its final June 2009 publication, BDS also provided chart data for R&R after Nielsen acquired the trade. On September 10, 2009, the website Radio-Info.com struck a partnership with Nielsen BDS to provide radio airplay charts and related data for over 20 formats.
History
BDS was founded as Broadcast Recognition Systems by Robert Uhlmann and Hal Oppenheimer, in 1982. Uhlmann developed the idea for automating airplay recognition after his experience working in the music industry in Florida. After returning to Kansas City, Uhlmann partnered with financier Hal Oppenheimer to start the company and develop the technology for tracking airplay data, which was originally developed to detect submarines by military contractors in Washington D.C.
In 1986, BDS debuted their revolutionary audio recognition technology in front of the Recording Industry Association of America as a new method of monitoring radio airplay of songs and commercial advertising. Prior to the debut of their tracking system the music industry relied on self-reported playlists from radio stations.
BDS airplay data was first used on a Billboard chart on January 20, 1990, when Billboard magazine published their newly revised Hot Country Singles chart. On November 30, 1991, Billboard published the first Billboard Hot 100 chart using airplay data from BDS. Since its debut, BDS has become the standard for the radio and music industry because of its accuracy of detecting, tracking and monitoring songs, thus eliminating the use of reporting and call-outs to trades and record labels when it comes to adding and testing tracks. The method has also helped tracks that only received airplay (songs that are not released as singles) become major hits, especially in Billboard'''s Hot 100 chart, where several radio-only tracks have reached the top spot.
In 1994, SESAC became the first Performance Rights Organization to use data from BDS.
BDS was acquired by Billboard parent company BPI Communications. In 1994, BPI Communications along with BDS were sold to Dutch media conglomerate Verenigde Nederlandse Uitgeverijen (VNU). After VNU was reorganized and renamed the Nielsen Company in 2007, BDS became known as Nielsen BDS.
In December 2019, Valence Media, the parent company of Billboard, acquir
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KCVU
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KCVU (channel 20) is a television station licensed to Paradise, California, United States, serving the Chico–Redding market as an affiliate of the Fox network. It is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Redding-licensed ABC affiliate KRCR-TV (channel 7), for the provision of certain services. However, Sinclair effectively owns KCVU as the majority of Cunningham's stock is owned by the family of deceased group founder Julian Smith. KCVU is also sister to five low-power stations owned by Sinclair: Chico-licensed Antenna TV affiliate KXVU-LD (channel 17); MyNetworkTV affiliates Chico-licensed KRVU-LD (channel 22) and Redding-licensed KZVU-LD (channel 21); Chico-licensed Univision affiliate KUCO-LD (channel 27); and Chico-licensed UniMás affiliate KKTF-LD (channel 30). The stations share studios on Auditorium Drive east of downtown Redding and maintain a news bureau and sales office at the former Sainte Television Group facilities on Main Street in downtown Chico (for FCC and other legal purposes, the Chico/Paradise-licensed stations still use the Chico address and Redding-licensed stations use the Redding address). KCVU's transmitter is located along Cohasset Road northeast of Chico.
KBVU (channel 28) in Eureka operates as a semi-satellite of KCVU. As such, it clears all network programming as provided through its parent station but airs a separate offering of syndicated programming; there are also separate local newscasts, commercial inserts and legal station identifications. Although KBVU maintains its own studios (shared with LMA partner KAEF-TV) on Sixth Street in downtown Eureka, master control and some internal operations are based at KCVU's facilities.
History
The station was founded in 1986 by Chester Smith and his company Sainte Partners II, L.P. of Modesto, California, and started broadcasting as KBCP on channel 30 on November 14, 1990. It was the first Sainte station to broadcast in English; its programming consisted of Christian and home shopping programming, though Smith expressed an interest in a potential Fox affiliation at that time. The call letters changed to KCVU on October 16, 1992, and the station returned to air October 6, 1993. On January 1, 1994, the station finally obtained a Fox affiliation. It replaced an affiliation on KRCR-TV seen during non-ABC hours since the network's inception in 1986. KRCR's other two satellites in Eureka and Fort Bragg carried both Fox and ABC programming. Additional Fox coverage was provided by KTXL and KTVU on Chico and Redding cable systems.
Carriage dispute with Northland Cable
On May 6, 2007, KCVU replaced Medford, Oregon Fox affiliate KMVU on Northland Cable Television channel 13 in both Mt. Shasta and Yreka when KMVU and Northland could not come to an agreement for KMVU to remain on the cable system. (Northland also carried sister station MyTV Northern California on cable channel 2, but it was replaced
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Israeli%20Network%20%28Canada%29
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The Israeli Network is a Canadian exempt Category B Hebrew language specialty channel. It is wholly owned by Ethnic Channels Group, with its name used under license from the owners of the Israeli-based TV channel, The Israeli Network.
Programming
The Israeli Network broadcasts a wide variety of programming including news, current affairs, dramas, and sports primarily from The Israeli Network. The Israeli-based Israeli Network itself sources much of its programming from Channel One, Channel 2, Sport 5, and Hop TV.
History
In November 2004, Ethnic Channels Group was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called Israeli TV 1, described as "a national ethnic Category 2 specialty programming undertaking of general interest and devoted to the Hebrew-speaking community."
The channel launched in December 2005 as The Israeli Network initially exclusively on Rogers Cable.
On October 16, 2014, the CRTC approved Ethnic Channels Group's request to convert The Israeli Network from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
References
External links
The Israeli Network Canada
The Israeli Network
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Jews and Judaism in Toronto
Television channels and stations established in 2006
Canada–Israel relations
Israeli Canadian
Middle Eastern television in Canada
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nodes%20of%20Yesod
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Nodes of Yesod is a video game developed and published by Odin Computer Graphics in 1985. The game is similar in style to Underwurlde by Ultimate Play the Game, which was released a year earlier, and Metroid which was released the following year, in 1986.
The game was released for the Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, Elan Enterprise 64 and 128 and ZX Spectrum platforms. Versions were also planned for the BBC Micro and MSX platforms but these were cancelled.
On the ZX Spectrum, the game came in separate 48K and 128K versions. The latter had improved title-screen music, in-game music and additional synthesised speech.
A sequel, The Arc of Yesod, was also published the same year.
A "25th Anniversary Edition" was released in 2010 for the iPhone and iOS (Apple) devices. This version included a "classic mode" (very similar to the original ZX Spectrum version) and an "enhanced mode", which featured new colour graphics, help system, map system, save/resume game feature and remixed music. A "30th Anniversary Edition" was released in 2016.
Plot
Charlemagne "Charlie" Fotheringham-Grunes, the apprentice saviour of the universe, has been asked to find the source of mysterious signals from the Moon which turn out to be a black monolith (a homage to the 1968 film 2001: A Space Odyssey). Charlie promptly volunteers for the task of going to the Moon and finding the monolith.
Gameplay
Nodes of Yesod is a flick-screen platform game. The player controls Charlie Fotheringham-Grunes, an astronaut. Starting on the moon's surface, Charlie must venture into the caverns below and retrieve eight alchiems (which look a little like coloured crystals) in order to find the monolith.
Charlie can perform a rolling jump in order to make his way around the caverns and can jump quite high. However, falling from great heights is still dangerous and will cause him to lose a life.
Before venturing into the caverns, Charlie needs to search for a lunar mole on the moon's surface. Once he has collected one of these creatures, he can release it in the caverns when required and it will chew-through any walls it can, revealing new areas of the maze.
Once Charlie has collected an alchiem, it appears on his status panel at the bottom of the screen. There are "muggers" in the caverns (who look like red astronauts with jet packs). If one of these touches Charlie they will steal alchiems meaning Charlie will have to find them again.
There are two kinds of monster in Nodes of Yesod - harmful and non-harmful. The harmful creatures float around the caverns and will sap Charlie's strength if touched. The non-harmful creatures won't do Charlie any damage but will cause him to bounce around (similarly to the creatures in Underwurlde) and are thus a nuisance.
Trivia
The Spectrum version was voted the 30th best game of all time in a special issue of Your Sinclair magazine in 2004.
The central character's double-barrelled surname is taken from the surnames of two of the artists - Stuart Fotheringha
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VGN%20TV%20%28Canada%29
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VGN TV is a Canadian exempt Category B Vietnamese language specialty channel and is owned by Ethnic Channels Group. It broadcasts programming from Viet Global Network TV (VGN TV) and local Canadian content. Programming includes movies, music, drama, variety shows and more.
History
On September 4, 2003, Ethnic Channels Group was granted approval from the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC) to launch a television channel called Vietnamese TV, described as "The licensee shall provide a national ethnic Category 2 specialty television service providing a programming service primarily in the Vietnamese language. Not less than 90% of all programming broadcast during the broadcast week shall be in the Vietnamese language".
The channel launched in July 2004 as SBTN on Rogers Cable.
On August 30, 2013, the CRTC approved Ethnic Channels Group's request to convert SBTN from a licensed Category B specialty service to an exempted Cat. B third language service.
In March 2020, the channel was re-branded as VGN TV due to a change in the program supplier.
References
External links
Digital cable television networks in Canada
Multicultural and ethnic television in Canada
Television channels and stations established in 2004
Vietnamese Canadian
Vietnamese-language television networks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal%20Printer%20Data%20Stream
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Personal Printer Data Stream is a general name for a family of page description language used by IBM printers, which includes all Proprinter, Quietwriter, Quickwriter, LaserPrinter 4019, and LaserPrinter 4029 commands.
PPDS was introduced to control printers in 1981 with the launch of IBM Graphics Printer 5152. Originally called IBM ASCII, Proprinter, Quickwriter, or Quietwriter data stream, the name was changed to PPDS when the IBM LaserPrinter was introduced in 1989.
PPDS has different levels of functions that are all upward compatible. Although many laser or inkjet printers do not support PPDS, those that support binary printer languages still use the ESC syntax, which include Printer Command Language versions 1 to 5 and the Epson ESC/P command set.
PPDS levels
Level 1
Level 1 is the basic level of PPDS, providing the basic services needed by any printer. This level is represented by the 9- and 24-pin Proprinter family of printers. Within this level, the typical differences among the printers are as follows:
Font Selection: The basic set of 10, 17.1 and 12 CPI is supported
Raster Graphics: Top image resolution was up to 72x240
Level 2
Level 2 incorporates enhancements in the font selection, print quality selection and paper handling. This level is represented by the Quietwriter and Quickwriter family of products. The following commands enable you to use these enhancements:
Select Font Global: Allows the IBM font global identifier to select fonts
Select Code page: Allows the IBM code page identifier to select the code page or character set
Page Presentation Media: Allows cut sheet and envelope feeding from one or more sources
Space Forward and Backward: Allows easier text justification
Level 3
Level 3 provides enhancements to the previous PPDS levels for page type printers, such as the IBM LaserPrinter 4019. The enhancements are:
Cursor positioning: Allows the placement of text and images at any position on the page
Save and Manage Macros: For working with form overlays and repetitive command sequences
Rule and Fill: Allows the filling of drawings with different patterns
Page orientation: Allows changing of the page's orientation
Level 4
Level 4 adds new features of the IBM LaserPrinter 4029 to the previous PPDS levels. These features include compression, scalable fonts, and enhanced orientations.
Raster Image: Allows the compression and decompression of data
Comprehensive Font Selection: Added support for scalable fonts
Set Print Angle: Adds support for different angles
PPDS vs. PCL 1-5
Both languages define different printable areas for a given physical medium. PCL and PPDS use different characteristics or orders when searching for a substitute font. PCL uses ASCII-encoded numerical values as command parameters, while PPDS uses binary encoded parameters.
Modern printer support
Several modern Lexmark printers (for example, the Lexmark MS510/610 series, or the MFP MX511/611 series) support PPDS Level 4 in order to provide a hig
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KKJB
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KKJB (channel 39) is a television station in Boise, Idaho, United States, affiliated with the Spanish-language Telemundo network. It is owned by Cocola Broadcasting alongside six low-power stations. KKJB's transmitter is located north of the city in the Boise National Forest.
History
KKJB signed on the air in July 2005 as an affiliate of America One. In 2009, the station switched its affiliation to Daystar. In 2014, KKJB changed its Daystar affiliation to Telemundo.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
Because it was granted an original construction permit after the FCC finalized the DTV allotment plan on April 21, 1997, the station did not receive a companion channel for a digital television station. KKJB shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 39, instead, on or before June 12, 2009. The station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation UHF channel 39.
On November 30, 2018, KKJB switched from channel 39 to channel 15.
References
Television channels and stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Idaho
Telemundo network affiliates
Cozi TV affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
Buzzr affiliates
KJB
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubly%20linked%20list
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In computer science, a doubly linked list is a linked data structure that consists of a set of sequentially linked records called nodes. Each node contains three fields: two link fields (references to the previous and to the next node in the sequence of nodes) and one data field. The beginning and ending nodes' previous and next links, respectively, point to some kind of terminator, typically a sentinel node or null, to facilitate traversal of the list. If there is only one sentinel node, then the list is circularly linked via the sentinel node. It can be conceptualized as two singly linked lists formed from the same data items, but in opposite sequential orders.
The two node links allow traversal of the list in either direction. While adding or removing a node in a doubly linked list requires changing more links than the same operations on a singly linked list, the operations are simpler and potentially more efficient (for nodes other than first nodes) because there is no need to keep track of the previous node during traversal or no need to traverse the list to find the previous node, so that its link can be modified.
Nomenclature and implementation
The first and last nodes of a doubly linked list for all practical applications are immediately accessible (i.e., accessible without traversal, and usually called head and tail) and therefore allow traversal of the list from the beginning or end of the list, respectively: e.g., traversing the list from beginning to end, or from end to beginning, in a search of the list for a node with specific data value. Any node of a doubly linked list, once obtained, can be used to begin a new traversal of the list, in either direction (towards beginning or end), from the given node.
The link fields of a doubly linked list node are often called next and previous or forward and backward. The references stored in the link fields are usually implemented as pointers, but (as in any linked data structure) they may also be address offsets or indices into an array where the nodes live.
Basic algorithms
Consider the following basic algorithms written in Ada:
Open doubly linked lists
record DoublyLinkedNode {
next // A reference to the next node
prev // A reference to the previous node
data // Data or a reference to data
}
record DoublyLinkedList {
DoublyLinkedNode firstNode // points to first node of list
DoublyLinkedNode lastNode // points to last node of list
}
Traversing the list
Traversal of a doubly linked list can be in either direction. In fact, the direction of traversal can change many times, if desired. Traversal is often called iteration, but that choice of terminology is unfortunate, for iteration has well-defined semantics (e.g., in mathematics) which are not analogous to traversal.
Forwards
node := list.firstNode
while node ≠ null
<do something with node.data>
node := node.next
Backwards
node := list.lastNode
while node ≠ null
<do something
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FRN
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FRN may refer to:
Bryant Army Heliport, Alaska, US, IATA code
Fearn railway station, Scotland, station code
Federal Reserve Note, a United States banknote
Feminist Radio Network, a United States radio distribution network
Feronia Inc., a DR Congo palm oil corporation, TSX stock market code
First Nation Airways, Nigeria, ICAO code
Floating rate note, bonds that have a variable coupon
Food Recovery Network, a US student movement
FoodRoutes Network, a US sustainable agriculture group
National Reconstruction Front (French: ), a political party in Haiti
National Renaissance Front (Romanian: ), a defunct political party in Romania
National Revolutionary Front (French: ), a political party in Vichy France
FCC Registration Number, and entity identifier for the FCC Universal Licensing System (ULS)
Federal Republic of Nigeria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbours
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Neighbours is an Australian television soap opera, which has aired since 18 March 1985. It was created by television executive Reg Watson. The Seven Network commissioned the show following the success of Watson's earlier soap Sons and Daughters. Although successful in Melbourne, Neighbours underperformed in the Sydney market and was cancelled by Seven four months after it began airing. It was immediately commissioned by rival Network Ten for a second production season, which began screening on 20 January 1986. Neighbours became the longest-running drama series in Australian television history. In 2005, it was inducted into the Logie Hall of Fame.
The storylines concern the lives of the people who live and work in Erinsborough, a fictional suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The series centres on the residents of Ramsay Street, a cul-de-sac, and its neighbouring area, the Lassiters complex, which includes a bar, hotel, café, police station, lawyers' office and park. Neighbours began with a focus on three households created by Watson – including the Ramsay and Robinson families, who have a long history and an ongoing rivalry. Over the serial's early years, three additional houses on the street were introduced as regular settings. Pin Oak Court, in Vermont South, is the real cul-de-sac that has doubled for Ramsay Street. The houses featured are real and the residents allow the production to shoot external scenes in their yards. The interior scenes are filmed at the FremantleMedia studios in Forest Hill.
Until 2022, Neighbours was screened in Australia as a 22-minute episode on weeknights, in an early-evening slot. It moved to Ten's digital channel, Eleven (later rebranded 10 Peach) on 11 January 2011, and was broadcast each weeknight at 6:30 pm. The show was produced by Fremantle Australia and has been sold to over sixty countries around the world, making it one of Australia's most successful media exports. Neighbours had been especially successful in the United Kingdom, where it was first screened on 27 October 1986 on BBC One, and achieved huge popularity among British audiences in the late 1980s and 1990s. In 2008, it moved in the UK to Channel 5; since 2008 it had been largely paid for by the UK broadcaster as it was no longer commercially viable for Ten to fund it alone. In 2018, after a new deal was secured with Channel 5, the show became the first Australian drama to air all year round. In February 2022, Channel 5 announced that it would be dropping Neighbours from its schedule; the cancellation of the show was confirmed the following month. The show's finale was broadcast as a 90-minute episode in Australia on 28 July 2022 on Network 10 and 10 Peach, while the finale in the United Kingdom aired on 29 July 2022 as a normal 30-minute episode in the regular daytime schedule followed by an hour-long prime-time episode. Due to timing, some scenes were cut from the UK showing. The finale was broadcast in Ireland on 3 August 2022 and in New Zealand on
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CATS%20%28trading%20system%29
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CATS (Computer Assisted Trading System) was an automated exchange system developed by the Toronto Stock Exchange. It went live on November 18, 1977, with 90 stocks. The first trader to use the system was Ralph W. Varney of Jones Gable, who also served on the development committee. CATS was introduced, piloted and developed by Harold B. Hofmann, then the Vice President of Operations at the Toronto Stock Exchange. CATS was one of the first technologies allowing for a full automation of the price-setting process in a stock exchange. This technology was implemented in several other stock exchanges in the 1980s. In some cases, it was used as an assistance to open-outcry, but in others it allowed for a full dismantlement of the open-outcry institution. The Paris Bourse purchased this system in the early 1980s and implemented it as CAC (Cotation Assistée en Continu).
CATS handled the process of order matching and price setting through a "double auction" algorithm. It is credited for having been the first system to allow for a full automation of the price setting process in a centralized, order-driven stock market.
Notes
References
Domowitz, I. 1990 "The Mechanics of Automated Trade Execution Systems", Journal of Financial Intermediation 1(2): 167–194.
Domowitz, I. and Wang, J. 1994 "Auctions as Algorithms: Computerized Trade Execution and Price Discovery", Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 18(1): 29–60.
Toronto Stock Exchange, 1982 CATS The First Five Years
Stock exchanges in Canada
Former electronic trading platforms
1977 software
Online auction tools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Bialik
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Carl Bialik is an American journalist and YouGov America's vice president of data science and U.S. politics editor. Earlier, Bialik was known for his work for The Wall Street Journal. In 2013, Bialik was hired by Nate Silver at FiveThirtyEight.com. In 2017 he was named data science editor of Yelp, working on Yelpblog.
Career
At the Wall Street Journal, Bialik was the creator and writer of the weekly Numbers Guy column, about the use and (particularly) misuse of numbers and statistics in the news and advocacy. It launched in 2005.
He was also the co-writer on the Journal's blog-like Daily Fix column, which billed itself as "a daily look at the best sportswriting on the Web."
His regular column at Gelf, which skewed toward a meta-journalism focus, was Blurb Racket, which pulled back the curtains on the critic quotes in movie and book advertisements, mainly by comparing them directly with the reviews they come from.
He is also the host of the tennis podcast "Thirty Love," in which he interviews various figures from the world of professional tennis including players, coaches, executives, and journalists. Bialik is also a recurring guest on the data-driven tennis podcast, "The Tennis Abstract Podcast."
He has also written for The Monitor (Uganda), Media Life Magazine, Yale Alumni Magazine, Arabies Trends, Sports Illustrated, The Yale Herald, Yale Scientific Magazine, CareerBuilder, and Student.com, and has published 5 scientific papers .
At FiveThirtyEight, Bialik wrote on a wide range of subjects, ranging from politics to economics to crime and to sports.
Background
He is a graduate of Yale University and the Bronx High School of Science. He is a New York City native.
References
The Bronx High School of Science alumni
Living people
Yale University alumni
American male journalists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Journalists from New York City
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20%28Venusian%20crater%29
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Ruth is an impact crater on Venus. The crater, based on data provided by the Magellan spacecraft, has an estimated diameter of and an elevation (measured as local planetary radius in kilometers) of .
References
Impact craters on Venus
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20route%20E13
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European route E13 is part of the International E-road network. It runs most of the length of the M1 motorway in the United Kingdom, from South Yorkshire to London. The E13 follows the route Doncaster – Sheffield – Nottingham – Leicester – Northampton – Luton – London, and is long.
Although the United Kingdom government participates fully in the E-road network, E-routes are not signposted within the United Kingdom.
References
External links
UN Economic Commission for Europe: Overall Map of E-road Network (2007)
13
1-0013
1-0013
1-0013
1-0013
1-0013
1-0013
1-0013
13
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnsmasq
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dnsmasq is free software providing Domain Name System (DNS) caching, a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server, router advertisement and network boot features, intended for small computer networks.
dnsmasq has low requirements for system resources, can run on Linux, BSDs, Android and macOS, and is included in most Linux distributions. Consequently, it "is present in a lot of home routers and certain Internet of Things gadgets" and is included in Android.
Details
dnsmasq is a lightweight, easy to configure DNS forwarder, designed to provide DNS (and optionally DHCP and TFTP) services to a small-scale network. It can serve the names of local machines which are not in the global DNS.
dnsmasq's DHCP server supports static and dynamic DHCP leases, multiple networks and IP address ranges. The DHCP server integrates with the DNS server and allows local machines with DHCP-allocated addresses to appear in the DNS. dnsmasq caches DNS records, reducing the load on upstream nameservers and improving performance, and can be configured to automatically pick up the addresses of its upstream servers.
dnsmasq accepts DNS queries and either answers them from a small, local cache or forwards them to a real, recursive DNS server. It loads the contents of /etc/hosts, so that local host names which do not appear in the global DNS can be resolved. This also means that records added to your local /etc/hosts file with the format "0.0.0.0 annoyingsite.com" can be used to prevent references to "annoyingsite.com" from being resolved by your browser. This can quickly evolve to a local ad blocker when combined with adblocking site list providers. If done on a router, one can efficiently remove advertising content for an entire household or company.
dnsmasq supports modern Internet standards such as IPv6 and DNSSEC, network booting with support for BOOTP, PXE and TFTP and also Lua scripting.
Some Internet service-providers rewrite the NXDOMAIN (domain does not exist) responses from DNS servers, which forces web browsers to a search page whenever a user attempts to browse to a domain that does not exist. dnsmasq can filter out these "bogus" NXDOMAIN records, preventing this potentially unwanted behavior.
See also
Comparison of DHCP server software
Comparison of DNS server software
Achieving five nines with dnsmasq
References
External links
Ad blocking using dnsmasq - LinksysInfo.org
DNS server software for Linux
DNS software
Free network-related software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sega%20Swirl
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Sega Swirl is a puzzle game that was created for the Dreamcast, Personal computer and Palm OS. The game was included in various demo discs released for the Dreamcast (through the Official Dreamcast Magazine (UK) and Official Dreamcast Magazine (US) magazines and on newly released consoles), and is free to download and play on the PC.
Sega Swirl was created by Scott Hawkins, while he worked at Sega. Scott Hawkins designed the game and programmed the original PC version of the game. Scott Hawkins worked with Tremor Entertainment to develop the Dreamcast version of the game.
The game presented swirls of different colors stacked upon each other. The player would try to match up as many of the same colored swirls onscreen as possible, then, when satisfied with a combo, they would press the color, making them disappear. The more swirls one can gather together, the more points earned, as well as a reward of seeing the swirls disappear in different ways. The most rewarding way to see the swirls disappear is when they all go into the air and burst with firework-like sounds and cheers. If a swirl of a certain color is alone within a stack of other colored swirls, the player actually loses points.
The Dreamcast version featured a snake in the bottom right corner of the screen, who would act pleased when the player did well and shook his head when they did poorly. If the player did nothing for an extended length of time, the snake would stare at them and then gesture to the left, towards the play field.
On the Dreamcast, it could be played on Versus mode (players compete with one swirl screen) with up to four players, an email mode (if you used the Dreamcast modem), and it also allowed split screen (four players with their own swirl play fields). On the PC, split screen is not available, and versus is up to two players. Both versions allowed one to compete with another human player via email (Dreamcast players may also play against PC players through this).
The Palm version of Sega Swirl includes a two player head-to-head mode that can be played in real-time over the handheld's infrared port.
See also
SameGame
1999 video games
Dreamcast games
Palm OS games
Puzzle video games
Sega video games
Split-screen multiplayer games
Video games developed in the United States
Windows games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrier%20%28computer%20science%29
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In parallel computing, a barrier is a type of synchronization method. A barrier for a group of threads or processes in the source code means any thread/process must stop at this point and cannot proceed until all other threads/processes reach this barrier.
Many collective routines and directive-based parallel languages impose implicit barriers. For example, a parallel do loop in Fortran with OpenMP will not be allowed to continue on any thread until the last iteration is completed. This is in case the program relies on the result of the loop immediately after its completion. In message passing, any global communication (such as reduction or scatter) may imply a barrier.
In concurrent computing, a barrier may be in a raised or lowered state. The term latch is sometimes used to refer to a barrier that starts in the raised state and cannot be re-raised once it is in the lowered state. The term count-down latch is sometimes used to refer to a latch that is automatically lowered once a pre-determined number of threads/processes have arrived.
Implementation
The basic barrier has mainly two variables, one of which records the pass/stop state of the barrier, the other of which keeps the total number of threads that have entered in the barrier. The barrier state was initialized to be "stop" by the first threads coming into the barrier. Whenever a thread enters, based on the number of threads already in the barrier, only if it is the last one, the thread sets the barrier state to be "pass" so that all the threads can get out of the barrier. On the other hand, when the incoming thread is not the last one, it is trapped in the barrier and keeps testing if the barrier state has changed from "stop" to "pass", and it gets out only when the barrier state changes to "pass". The following C++ code demonstrates this procedure.
struct barrier_type
{
// how many processors have entered the barrier
// initialize to 0
int arrive_counter;
// how many processors have exited the barrier
// initialize to p
int leave_counter;
int flag;
std::mutex lock;
};
// barrier for p processors
void barrier(barrier_type* b, int p)
{
b->lock.lock();
if (b->arrive_counter == 0)
{
if (b->leave_counter == p) { // no other threads in barrier
b->flag = 0; // first arriver clears flag
} else {
b->lock.unlock();
while (b->leave_counter != p); // wait for all to leave before clearing
b->lock.lock();
b->flag = 0;
}
}
int arrived = ++(b->arrive_counter);
unlock(b->lock);
if (b->arrive_counter == p) { //last arriver sets flag
b->arrive_counter = 0;
b->leave_counter = 1;
b->flag = 1;
} else {
while (b->flag == 0); // wait for flag
lock(b->lock);
b->leave_counter++;
unlock(b->lock);
}
}
The potential problem is:
Due to all the threads repeatedly accessing the global variable
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAR%201
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NAR 1 or just NAR (Serbian Nastavni Računar, en. Educational Computer) was a theoretical model of a computer created by Faculty of Mathematics of University of Belgrade professor Nedeljko Parezanović (In Serbian:Недељко Парезановић). It was used for Assembly language and Computer architecture courses.
Specifications
NAR 1 processor has a 5-bit address bus (32 bytes of addressable memory) and 8-bit data bus. Machine instructions were single-byte with three most significant bits specifying the opcode and 5 least significant bits the parameter - memory address. A single 8-bit accumulator register was available and there were no flags or flag registers. Only absolute addressing mode was available and all others were achieved by self-modifying code.
Even though this is only a theoretical computer the following physical characteristics were given:
Memory cycle: 1μs
Arithmetic operation (SABF) cycle: 0.9μs (900ns)
Control panel facilitates power on and off, memory data entry and readout, instruction counter entry and selection of either program execution mode or control panel mode.
Instruction coding and set
SABF (001aaaaa, sr. , en. Add Fixed point) loads the content of memory location specified by the address parameter, adds it to the current value of the accumulator and stores the result into the accumulator
PZAF (010xxxxx, sr. , en. Change the sign of the accumulator in fixed point) Negates the fixed point (such as integer) value in the accumulator
AUM (011aaaaa, sr. , en. Accumulator Into Memory) stores the content of the accumulator into memory location specified by the address parameter
MUA (100aaaaa, sr. , en. Memory Into Accumulator) loads the content of memory location specified by the address parameter into the accumulator
NES (101aaaaa, sr. , en. Negative Jump) performs a conditional jump to the address specified by the parameter if the current value of the accumulator is negative
ZAR (110xxxxx, sr. , en. Stop the Computer) stops any further processing.
Two more instructions were not specified but were commonly present in simulators and took instruction codes 000aaaaa and 111aaaaa:
BES (sr. , en. Unconditional Jump) performs an unconditional jump to the address specified by the parameter
NUS (sr. , en. Zero Jump) performs a conditional jump to the address specified by the parameter if the current value of the accumulator is zero
Example programs
A sample program that sums up an array of 8-bit integers:
00: 0 ; input: 0 or value 22, output: result
01..21: 0,0,0... ; input: values 1..21
22: MUA 0 ; Start of program; Load accumulator from address 0
23: SABF 1 ; Add value from address 1 to accumulator
24: AUM 0 ; Store accumulator to address 0
25: MUA 23 ; Load instruction at address 23 (SABF)
26: SABF 31 ; Add value from address 31 (+1) to accumulator
27: AUM 23 ; Store accumulator to address 23 (modifies SABF instruction)
28: SABF 30 ; Add value from address 30 t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universe%20%28Unix%29
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In some versions of the Unix operating system, the term universe was used to denote some variant of the working environment. During the late 1980s, most commercial Unix variants were derived from either System V or BSD. Most versions provided both BSD and System V universes and allowed the user to switch between them. Each universe, typically implemented by separate directory trees or separate filesystems, usually included different versions of commands, libraries, man pages, and header files. While such a facility offered the ability to develop applications portable across both System V and BSD variants, the requirements in disk space and maintenance (separate configuration files, twice the work in patching systems) gave them a problematic reputation. Systems that offered this facility included Harris/Concurrent's CX/UX, Convex's Convex/OS, Apollo's Domain/OS (version 10 only), Pyramid's DC/OSx (dropped in SVR4-based version 2), Concurrent's Masscomp/RTU, MIPS Computer Systems' RISC/os, Sequent's DYNIX/ptx and Siemens' SINIX.
Some versions of System V Release 4 retain a system similar to Dual Universe concept, with BSD commands (which behave differently from classic System V commands) in , BSD header files in and library files in . can also be found in NeXTSTEP and OPENSTEP, as well as Solaris.
External links
Sven Mascheck, DYNIX 3.2.0 and SINIX V5.20 Universes
Unix
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAR%202
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NAR 2 (Serbian Nastavni Računar 2, en. Educational Computer 2) is a theoretical model of a 32-bit word computer created by Faculty of Mathematics of University of Belgrade professor Nedeljko Parezanović as an enhancement to its predecessor, NAR 1. It was used for Assembly language and Computer architecture courses. The word "nar" means Pomegranate in Serbian. Many NAR 2 simulators have been created — for instance, one was named "Šljiva" (en. plum) as that fruit grows in Serbia, while "nar" does not.
Instruction structure
The NAR 2 processor uses 32-bit machine words. Each Machine instruction contains:
opcode in 8 most significant bits (bits 24 to 31)
4 bits (20 to 23) specifying the Index register to use with indexed addressing modes
4 bits (16 to 19) containing address mode flags:
bit 19: P (sr. Posredno, en. mediated) - indexed
bit 18: R (sr. Relativno) - relative to program counter
bit 17: I (sr. Indirektno) - multi-level memory indirect (note: the address is loaded from specified location and, should it also specify "I" flag the indirect address calculation continues)
bit 16: N (sr. Neposredno) - immediate
16 bit signed parameter value
Registers
NAR 2 has four registers:
a Program counter called BN (sr. Brojač Naredbi, en. Counter of Instructions)
Single 32-bit accumulator that can be treated either as integer (fixed point) or real (floating point) number
Up to 16 Index registers are specifiable, X0 to X15. However, X0 was never used, possibly because it was reserved as program counter (BN)
There were no flags or flag registers
Mnemonics
Following opcodes were available (actual codes were not specified, only mnemonics):
Memory/register access
MUA (sr. , en. Memory Into Accumulator) loads the value into accumulator
AUM (sr. , en. Accumulator Into Memory) stores the content of the accumulator
PIR (sr. , en. Load Index Register) Loads the value into the index register
Integer arithmetic
Note: all mnemonics in this group end with letter "F" indicating "Fiksni zarez" (en. Fixed point) arithmetic. However, this is only true for addition, subtraction and negation (sign change). Multiplication and division assume that the "point" is fixed to the right of least significant bit - that is that the numbers are integer.
SABF (sr. , en. Add, Fixed Point) - adds parameter to the accumulator
ODUF (sr. , en. Subtract, Fixed Point) - subtracts the parameter from the accumulator
MNOF (sr. , en. Multiply, Fixed Point) - Multiples the accumulator with the parameter
DELF (sr. , en. Divide, Fixed Point) - Divides the accumulator by the parameter
PZAF (sr. , en. Change the Sign of Accumuator, Fixed Point) - Changes (flips) the sign of the accumulator
Floating point arithmetic
SAB (sr. , en. Add) - adds parameter to the accumulator
ODU (sr. , en. Subtract) - subtracts the parameter from the accumulator
MNO (sr. , en. Multiply) - Multiples the accumulator with the parameter
DEL (sr. , en. Divide) - Divides the accumulator by the param
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeri
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Jeri is a surname and given name. Notable people with the name include:
Given name
Jeri Campbell (born 1970), American figure skater
Jeri Ellsworth (born 1974), American entrepreneur and computer chip designer
Jeri Laber (born 1931), American activist and writer
Jeri Redcorn (born 1939), Oklahoman pottery artist
Jeri Ryan (born 1968), American actress
Jeri Sitzes (born 1979), American boxer, kickboxer and Muay Thai fighter
Jeri Southern (1926–1991), American jazz pianist and singer born Genevieve Hering
Jeri Taylor (born 1938), American television scriptwriter
Jeri Kehn Thompson (born 1966), American radio host
Surname
Vanessa Jeri (born 1980), Peruvian comedic actress
Fictional characters
Jeryn Jeri Hogarth, in the Marvel Netflix series Jessica Jones
Jeri Katou, in the television series Digimon Tamers
'Jeri', the portmanteau given to Hollyoaks characters Juliet Nightingale and Peri Lomax
See also
Jeri or Jheri curl, a hairstyle popular in the 1980s and '90s
Jerry (name)
Jèrri, the name of Jersey in the local Jèrriais language
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom%2C%201952
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This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the United Kingdom in 1952. This listing is the complete, 29 items, "Partial Dataset" as listed on www.legislation.gov.uk (as at March 2014).
Statutory Instruments
The Trading with the Enemy (Authorisation) (Germany) Order 1952 SI 1952/4
The Trading with the Enemy (Transfer of Negotiable Instruments, etc.) (Germany) Order 1952 SI 1952/ 5
The Lands Tribunal (Statutory Undertakers Compensation Jurisdiction) Order 1952 SI 1952/161
The Reserve and Auxiliary Forces (Industrial Assurance and Friendly Societies) (Channel Islands) Order 1952 SI 1952/165
The Reserve and Auxiliary Forces (Industrial Assurance and Friendly Societies) (Isle of Man) Order 1952 SI 1952/166
The Distribution of German Enemy Property (No. 2) (Consolidated Amendment) Order 1952 SI 1952/633
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Burma) Order 1952 SI 1952/751
The Japanese Treaty of Peace Order 1952 SI 1952/862
The Trading with the Enemy (Enemy Territory Cessation) (Belgium) Order 1952 SI 1952/880
The Superannuation (Fire Brigade and other Local Government Service) Interchange Rules 1952 SI 1952/936
The Superannuation (English Local Government and Northern Ireland) Interchange Rules 1952 SI 1952/937
The Veterinary Surgeons (University Degrees) (London) Order of Council 1952 SI 1952/959
The Official Secrets (Jersey) Order in Council 1952 SI 1952/1034
The Transferred Undertakings (Pensions of Employees) (No. 1) Regulations 1952 SI 1952/1159
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Guernsey) Order 1952 SI 1952/1215
The Double Taxation Relief (Taxes on Income) (Jersey) Order 1952 SI 1952/1216
The Consular Conventions (Kingdom of Sweden) Order 1952 SI 1952/1218
The Coal Industry Nationalisation (Superannuation) Regulations 1952 SI 1952/1233
The Trading with the Enemy (Enemy Territory Cessation) (Indonesia) Order 1952 SI 1952/1246
The Cremation Regulations, 1952 SI 1952/1568
The Veterinary Surgeons (University Degrees) (Edinburgh) Order of Council 1952 SI 1952/1602
The Transferred Undertakings (Pensions of Employees) (No. 2) Regulations 1952 SI 1952/1612
British Transport Commission (Executives) Order 1952 SI 1952/1726
The Marriage (Authorised Persons) Regulations, 1952 SI 1952/1869
The Trading with the Enemy (Enemy Territory Cessation) (Denmark) Order 1952 SI 1952/2012
The Coal Industry (Superannuation Scheme) (Winding Up, No. 4) Regulations 1952 SI 1952/2018
The Wireless Telegraphy (Control of Interference from Ignition Apparatus) Regulations 1952 SI 1952/2023
The Trading with the Enemy (Enemy Territory Cessation) (Luxembourg) Order 1952 SI 1952/2067
The Carriage of Goods Coastwise Regulations 1952 SI 1952/2225
Unreferenced Listings
The following 4 items were previously listed on this article, however are unreferenced on the authorities site, included here for a "no loss" approach.
Barnsley Water Order 1952 SI 1952/531
Factories (Testing of Aircraft Engines and Accessories) Special Regulations 1952 SI 1952/1689
Wireless
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MTR%20%28software%29
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My traceroute, originally named Matt's traceroute (MTR), is a computer program that combines the functions of the traceroute and ping programs in one network diagnostic tool.
MTR probes routers on the route path by limiting the number of hops individual packets may traverse, and listening to responses of their expiry. It will regularly repeat this process, usually once per second, and keep track of the response times of the hops along the path.
History
The original Matt's traceroute program was written by Matt Kimball in 1997. Roger Wolff took over maintaining MTR (renamed My traceroute) in October 1998.
Fundamentals
MTR is licensed under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL) and works under modern Unix-like operating systems. It normally works under the text console, but it also has an optional GTK+-based graphical user interface (GUI).
MTR relies on Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Time Exceeded (type 11, code 0) packets coming back from routers, or ICMP Echo Reply packets when the packets have hit their destination host. MTR also has a User Datagram Protocol (UDP) mode (invoked with "-u" on the command line or pressing the "u" key in the curses interface) that sends UDP packets, with the time to live (TTL) field in the IP header increasing by one for each probe sent, toward the destination host. When the UDP mode is used, MTR relies on ICMP port unreachable packets (type 3, code 3) when the destination is reached.
MTR also supports IPv6 and works in a similar manner but instead relies on ICMPv6 messages.
The tool is often used for network troubleshooting. By showing a list of routers traversed, and the average round-trip time as well as packet loss to each router, it allows users to identify links between two given routers responsible for certain fractions of the overall latency or packet loss through the network. This can help identify network overuse problems.
Examples
This example shows MTR running on Linux tracing a route from the host machine (example.lan) to a web server at Yahoo! (p25.www.re2.yahoo.com) across the Level 3 Communications network.
My traceroute [v0.71]
example.lan Sun Mar 25 00:07:50 2007
Packets Pings
Hostname %Loss Rcv Snt Last Best Avg Worst
1. example.lan 0% 11 11 1 1 1 2
2. ae-31-51.ebr1.Chicago1.Level3.n 19% 9 11 3 1 7 14
3. ae-1.ebr2.Chicago1.Level3.net 0% 11 11 7 1 7 14
4. ae-2.ebr2.Washington1.Level3.ne 19% 9 11 19 18 23 31
5. ae-1.ebr1.Washington1.Level3.ne 28% 8 11 22 18 24 30
6. ge-3-0-0-53.gar1.Washington1.Le 0% 11 11 18 18 20 36
7. 63.210.29.230 0% 10 10 19 19 19 19
8. t-3-1.bas1.re2.yahoo.com 0% 10 10 19 18 32 106
9. p25.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampo%20Karjalainen
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Sampo Karjalainen (born May 2, 1977) is one of the original founders of Sulake and Habbo Hotel, an online social networking video game aimed at teenagers. Sampo has also been in other projects, including Bobba Bar for iPhone. Karjalainen is now the designer, chief executive officer, and co-founder of ProtoGeo Inc., the creators of the Moves fitness tracker app for iOS.
Projects
1994: To the Point
1998: Satama Interactive
2000: Ego Taivas media lab
2000: Sulake
References
1977 births
Finnish computer programmers
Finnish businesspeople
Living people
Habbo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globovisi%C3%B3n
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Globovisión is a 24-hour television news network. It broadcasts over-the-air in Caracas, Aragua, Carabobo and Zulia on UHF channel 33. Globovisión is seen in the rest of Venezuela on cable or satellite (Globovisión has an alliance with DirecTV, where it can be seen on channel 110) and worldwide from their website. Some of Globovisión's programs can be seen in the United States on cable network Canal Sur and TV Venezuela, a channel offered in DirecTV's Para Todos package. In Latin America, Globovision can be seen in Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Uruguay and other territories as Aruba, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Curaçao in DirecTV's package (channels 293 and 724).
History
On December 1, 1994, Luis Teófilo Núñez Arismendi, Guillermo Zuloaga Núñez, Nelson Mezerhane Gosen, and Alberto Federico Ravell Arreaza, inaugurated Globovisión, channel 33, the first 24-hour news network in Venezuela to broadcast over-the-air. Currently, Globovisión is broadcast over the air in Caracas, Aragua, Carabobo and Zulia. Globovisión's programming is also carried by 95 percent of the nation's cable systems. On February 17, 2010, Ravell, general director of the channel, was dismissed from his post by board of directors of Globovision due to "differences with its partners". Ravell said he had to " sacrifice himself leaving office for the channel wasn't sold and falls into the hands of Government of Hugo Chavez".
In 2009, pro-government leader Lina Ron led an armed attack on Globovisión, where she and attackers threw tear gas into the headquarters of the news organization that left injured multiple individuals inside and threatened its security with firearms.
In 2013, Globovisión was sold to an economist and businessman with connections to the Venezuelan government, Juan Domingo Cordero, who also runs the insurance company La Vitalicia. Raúl Gorrín, one of the owners, maintained close connections with both the government and the opposition according to The New York Times.
On 8 January 2019, the Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) of the United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions against Gorrín and six other Venezuelans, accusing them of being part of "a significant plot of corruption" through the use of the foreign currency exchange system. Following the announcement, Globovisión and 23 other companies were added to the Specially Designated Nationals list of OFAC. All the assets subject to the jurisdiction of the United States are frozen and American citizens are prohibited from conducting economic transactions with them.
International
Overseas, Globovisión has affiliations with CNN en Español, RCN, Canal N, Panamericana Televisión, Canal Sur, Canal 13, Todo Noticias, Monte Carlo Televisión, Canal 4, Canal 8, and Ecuavisa.
Shows
Most of the shows seen on Globovisión are national productions. They include:
Aló Ciudadano – A call-in show hosted by Leopoldo Castillo. This program was simulcasted on the Radio Caracas Radio after
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20b%20%28programming%20language%29
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Little b is a domain-specific programming language, more specifically, a modeling language, designed to build modular mathematical models of biological systems. It was designed and authored by Aneil Mallavarapu. Little b is being developed in the Virtual Cell Program at Harvard Medical School, headed by mathematician Jeremy Gunawardena.
This language is based on Lisp and is meant to allow modular programming to model biological systems. It will allow more flexibility to facilitate rapid change that is required to accurately capture complex biological systems.
The language draws on techniques from artificial intelligence and symbolic mathematics, and provides syntactic conveniences derived from object-oriented languages. The language was originally denoted with a lowercase b (distinguishing it from B, the predecessor to the widely used C programming language), but the name was eventually changed to "little b" to avoid confusion and to pay homage to Smalltalk.
References
Krieger K. "Life in Silico: A Different Kind of Intelligent Design". Science. 312(5771):189–190.
https://arstechnica.com/uncategorized/2008/07/little-b-project-creates-biology-specific-programming-system/
https://www.computerworld.com/article/2551598/big-things-from-little-b.html
External links
Biology enters 'The Matrix' through new computer language EurekAlert article
Programming languages
Dynamic programming languages
Dynamically typed programming languages
Object-oriented programming languages
Lisp (programming language)
Specification languages
Cross-platform free software
Programming languages created in 2004
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KBVU%20%28TV%29
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KBVU (channel 28) is a television station in Eureka, California, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. It is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with the Sinclair Broadcast Group, owner of Arcata-licensed ABC affiliate KAEF-TV (channel 23), for the provision of certain services. However, Sinclair effectively owns KBVU as the majority of Cunningham's stock is owned by the family of deceased group founder Julian Smith. KBVU is also sister to two low-power stations owned by Sinclair: dual CW/MyNetworkTV affiliate KECA-LD (channel 29) and Univision affiliate KEUV-LD (channel 35). The stations share studios on Sixth Street in downtown Eureka, while KBVU's transmitter is located along Barry Road southeast of Eureka.
Although it identifies as a station in its own right, KBVU is considered a semi-satellite of KCVU (channel 20) in Paradise–Chico–Redding. As such, it clears all network programming as provided through its parent station but airs a separate offering of syndicated programming; there are also separate local newscasts, commercial inserts and legal station identifications. Master control and most internal operations are based at the shared studios of KCVU and LMA partner KRCR-TV on Auditorium Drive in Redding.
History
The station signed on the air as a Fox affiliate on July 20, 1994. Prior to KBVU's launch, Fox's programming was only available via a secondary affiliation with ABC affiliates KAEF and KFWU (both satellites of KRCR-TV), while out-of-market affiliates KTVU and KTXL were imported by some cable providers.
On April 21, 2017, Sinclair Broadcast Group purchased KAEF and the LMA with KBVU as part of a four-station deal. The sale was completed on September 1.
Newscasts
KBVU currently airs hours of newscasts each week, all on weeknights at 10 p.m., as North Coast News on KBVU Fox 28 at 10. The newscasts are produced by sister station KAEF.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KBVU shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 29, on December 22, 2008, along with KCVU, due to financial hardship. The station's digital signal broadcasts on its pre-transition UHF channel 28.
References
External links
Fox network affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Charge! (TV network) affiliates
Stadium (sports network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in California
BVU (TV)
Sinclair Broadcast Group
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windowpane
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Windowpane or paned window may refer to:
Paned window (architecture), an architectural element
Paned window (computing), a graphical user interface divided into discrete areas
Windowpane (song), a 1991 song by Coil from Love's Secret Domain
"Windowpane", a 2003 song by Opeth from Damnation
Windowpane, the structure of [4,4,4,4]Fenestrane
Windowpane, a piece of gelatin containing LSD
See also
Windowpane coconut or Beccariophoenix madagascariensis, a flowering plant in the family Arecaceae
Windowpane flounder (Scophthalmus aquosus), a fish from the family Scophthalmidae
Windowpane oyster, a bivalve marine mollusk in the family Placunidae
Windowpane plaid, a way of crossing warp and weft to create a pattern
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trams%20in%20Saint%20Petersburg
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Trams in Saint Petersburg are a major mode of public transit in the city of Saint Petersburg, Russia. Saint Petersburg once had the second-largest tram network in the world, consisting of about of unduplicated track in the late 1980s. However, since 1995 the tramway network has declined sharply in size as major portions of track were removed, particularly in the city centre. Saint Petersburg lost its record to Melbourne, Australia. While it still had of length in 2002, by early 2007 the tram network's had declined to just over , and by the 2010s operated on just of network.
The system is operated by Gorelektrotrans (), a municipal organization that operates St. Petersburg's 40 tram routes, as well as the city's trolleybus network, and also by the private company TKK that runs the network in the eastern part of the city (green on the map).
History
Early days
Saint Petersburg saw the arrival of street rail transport during the 1860s in form of horse-drawn rail carriages. The first, freight-only street railway track was opened in 1854 to serve one of the industrial city suburbs. In 1863, three passenger lines in the city centre came into operation. Several private companies were formed, and the horsecar network eventually expanded to 25 routes covering over 100 kilometres of track. Carrying over two million passengers a year, the street rail network in Saint Petersburg proved a successful commercial venture.
The first demonstration of an electric tram in Saint Petersburg occurred on August 22, 1880. Fyodor Pirotsky, an engineer who demonstrated the tram to the public, hoped that the Horsecar Stock Company, which possessed a monopoly on all rail transportation in the city, would consider replacing traditional horse-drawn rail carriages with electric-powered ones. Despite the fact that all tests were successful, Pirotsky's proposal was dismissed on the grounds that equipping existing tram tracks for electric traction and purchasing or building compatible tram vehicles would be too expensive.
In the winter of 1894, electric tramways came back to Saint Petersburg. This time, however, they ran on tracks over ice (during winter season) covering the Neva river. An electric public transit company was formed, and several routes crossing the river in various places began regular operation. Even though the Horsecar Stock Company still possessed absolute rights on city street railways, and hence filed a lawsuit against the electric tram operators, it eventually lost the case because the judge claimed that the horsecar company's monopolizing agreement with the city did not cover laying tracks on ice.
Beginning of service
On September 3, 1902, the contract between the city administration and the horsecar company expired and the entire horsecar street rail system, including track, carriages, horses, maintenance buildings and other equipment, became property of the city of Saint Petersburg - on the condition that the city would pay for the takeover over th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20iPod%20file%20managers
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This is a list of iPod file managers. i.e. software that permits the transferring of media files content between an iPod and a computer or vice versa.
iTunes is the official iPod managing software, but 3rd parties have created alternatives to work around restrictions in iTunes. e.g. transferring content from an iPod to a computer is restricted by iTunes.
General
Media organization and transfer features
iPod syncing and maintenance features
iPhone & iPod Touch compatibility
See also
iPod
iTunes
iPhone
References
iPod Managers
ITunes
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravetz%20computers
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Pravetz computers (in Bulgarian shortly: Правец) are the Bulgarian personal computers produced from 1979 that were widely used in scientific organizations and schools until the 1990s.
Pravets are actually the first personal computers in Bulgaria, although before that, various types of large computer-computing systems were used, the size of rooms (60-70), as well as even lamp computers before that. The name of the Pravet computers specifies that these are personal computers "made" (in Bulgarian language: правя, pravja) in Bulgaria.
They were manufactured in the town of Pravetz, with some components and software being produced in other towns as Sofia, Plovdiv, Stara Zagora and other Bulgarian cities.
Pravetz computers are still in use in some schools for beginner students in computing because they are adapted in manufacturing for educational purposes.
Bulgaria was the leading manufacturer, with its leading trademark Pravetz, of computer and periferals electronics for the socialist economic union COMECON in 20th century.
History
An early Bulgarian-made personal computer was IMKO-1 (its name resembles Bulgarian name ELKA (short name for ELektronen KAlkulator, cirillic ЕЛКА ЕЛектронен КАлкулатор) or calculator, yet the name of the first state manufactured Personal computers points to its production as a PC or Pravetz Computers (правя, pravja - make, manufacture). The prototype of the Pravetz computers that were developed by engineer Ivan Vassilev Marangozov, who was rightfully accused of cloning the Apple II. In fact, IMKO-1 was a nearly identical clone of the original Apple II with a few minor exceptions - case, keyboard, character table (the lower case Latin alphabet was replaced with Cyrillic upper case) and power supply (early models used bulky and heavy linear power supplies). A few early models were produced at the ITKR (pronounced ee-teh-kah-reh, Institute of Technical Cybernetics and Robotics), a section of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. Industrial production in Pravetz started shortly after.
The line of Bulgarian personal computers at the time of release was prohibitively expensive for individuals and in addition were only sold to different government institutions - educational sector, military and administrative sector.
Pravetz computers were of major importance in the economy of the Comecon.
Model line
8-bit architecture
Except for the Oric-derived 8D (and possibly the IMKO-1), all the Pravetz 8-bit systems are largely compatible with the popular Apple II and its successors, with the exception that they offer Cyrillic fonts and some other improvements compared to Apple.
Before Pravetz were IMKO-1 (IMKO-2) — According to some computer users, IMKO was the very First Bulgarian personal computer, its name resembles the ELKA name for calculator. It used a clone of the MOS Technology 6502 CPU running at 1 MHz and 16/4 KB of RAM/ROM. The storage media is a cassette recorder. It had a metal case and very large and heavy linear powe
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here%20TV
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Here TV is an American premium television network targeting LGBT audiences. Launched in 2002, Here TV is available nationwide on all major cable systems, fiber optics systems, and Internet TV providers as either a 24/7 premium subscription channel, a video on demand (VOD) service, and/or a subscription video on demand (SVOD) service. Here TV is actively involved in the LGBT community and offers sponsorship to yearly events such as gay pride events and film festivals as well as supporting a number of community organizations. In 2013, Here TV programming became available on the YouTube paid channels.
Programming
Here TV offers a variety of programming targeted toward the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. Here TV both produces original programming and acquires programming to air on the network. The channel airs original series, movies, documentaries, talk shows, reality series, and comedy specials.
Notable Shows
Dante's Cove
Created by Michael Costanza and directed by Sam Irvin, Dante's Cove combined elements of the horror and soap opera genres in telling the story of Kevin (Gregory Michael) and Toby (Charlie David), a young couple seeking to be together and overcome the dark mystical forces that conspire to separate them. The show debuted in 2005 to a mixed critical reception. The third season ended on December 21, 2007.
Conframa
Conframa is a dramedy series that takes a candid look at what happens when you bring together a loving couple & someone else into the relationship.
Created by Anthony Bawn, directed by Robert Adams. Season 1 episodes begin airing in September 2018 to mostly favorable reviews & is also available on the streaming platform Amazon Prime. BroadwayWorld announced on August 15, 2019 that the series was renewed for a second season with new cast members and executive produced by Shaun Cairo (Pitchfork (film).
The Lair
The Lair is an American gay-themed vampire television series produced by Here. The first season, consisting of six episodes, wrapped production in January 2007. The first two episodes premiered on June 1, 2007. Season 2, consisting of nine episodes, debuted on September 5, 2008. A third season of 13 episodes was announced in September 2008 and Colton Ford confirmed that filming took place in October and November 2008. Season 3 premiered September 4, 2009.
Just Josh
Just Josh is an American talk show hosted by television personality, writer, and director Josh Rosenzweig. Filmed on location throughout New York City, Rosenzweig conducts celebrity interviews, visits VIP events, and discusses all things pop culture. The show premiered on January 28, 2011.
For & Against
For & Against is an American talk show hosted by Jim Morrison. Each episode features Morrison discussing issues that affect the LGBT community. Morrison also interviews policymakers and pundits spanning the political landscape. The show provides news and headlines from an LGBT perspective. For & Against premiered on January 6
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WQWQ-LD
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WQWQ-LD (channel 9) is a low-power television station broadcasting from Cape Girardeau, Missouri, United States, as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Telemundo. It is owned by Gray Television alongside KFVS-TV (channel 12), a dual affiliate of CBS and The CW. The two stations share studios in the Hirsch Tower on Broadway Avenue in downtown Cape Girardeau; WQWQ-LD's transmitter is located northwest of Egypt Mills, in unincorporated Cape Girardeau County. Though WQWQ-LD is licensed to serve Paducah, Kentucky, its signal does not cover that city.
WQWQ-LD began as a Paducah-area translator of WQTV-LP (channel 24) in Murray, Kentucky, which broadcast to the Jackson Purchase from 1990 to 2019. The station started as W46BE on channel 46 and was a low-power TV adjunct to a group of local radio stations in Murray. It was off the air beginning in December 1991. In 1995, it affiliated with The WB and was later gifted to Murray State University. Though owned by a public university, Murray State ran WQTV as a commercial enterprise, drawing criticism from Kentucky's commercial broadcasters. During this time, the station also aired a local newscast. In 2000, WQTV lost its WB affiliation to full-power WDKA and in exchange picked up programming from UPN.
Engles Broadcasting started WQWQ-LP in 2001. It served to rebroadcast WQTV into the Paducah area and vastly increased its coverage area. Engles then acquired WQTV-LP before selling the pair to Raycom Media, owner of KFVS-TV, in 2003. A new local newscast produced by KFVS debuted on the station after the sale. WQWQ–WQTV, paired with a digital subchannel of KFVS-TV, became the market's affiliate for The CW when The WB and UPN merged in 2006. Between 2011 and 2019, the station offered MeTV programming outside of CW network hours. WQTV-LP never converted from analog to digital television and was closed in 2019; WQWQ-LP was converted in 2021.
In 2023, Gray moved the transmitter from Paducah to near Cape Girardeau and relaunched the station as a Telemundo affiliate.
History
W46BE
In May 1990, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) granted Murray Broadcasting Company a construction permit for a new low-power TV station.
WQTV-LP launched on July 1, 1990, as W46BE and was known on-air as "TV-46". It was designed to be a sister outlet for radio station WNBS (1340 AM), owned by Murray Broadcasting, and was carried on Murray's local cable system. The station aired local news and events as well as content from the FamilyNet, Hit Video USA, and All News Channel services.
In October 1991, WNBS owner Chuck Shuffett sold WNBS and W46BE for $1.2 million to Troy Cory, a Hollywood singer who announced his real name was Keith Stubblefield and that he was a descendant of Nathan Beverly Stubblefield, whose 1892 experiments with "wireless telephony" predated Guglielmo Marconi's invention of radio. Major changes followed. The evening newscast was eliminated, and during the day, the TV station (referred to as "WNBS-
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecaribe
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Telecaribe is a regional television network for the Caribbean region of Colombia.
History
The station was set up in the early 1980s in Valledupar, Colombia and was created by a local entrepreneur named Jose Jorge Dangond. It started as an unlicensed TV station and as a personal hobby with aficionado equipment brought from the United States, transmitting American movies and local vallenato musical groups, including first versions of the Vallenato Legend Festival. Dangond's family and friends in Valledupar nicknamed it Televallenato or Rope TV, because all the antennae and equipment were attached with ropes onto one of the highest buildings in the city.
By 1986 the Colombian Ministry of Communications detected the channel's signal and seized all the equipment. Dangond then started a legal battle to legalize the channel, which developed into a congressional proposal to create regional TV channels for every region of Colombia. Thus were born Telecaribe, Teleantioquia, Telepacífico, and other regional TV stations.
On this same year (on April 28), the station formally became Telecaribe, and the main equipment and studios were then moved to Barranquilla where it continued to develop and cover the entirety of Colombia's Caribbean region by setting up franchises or TV stations in the seven major cities of this region. Dangond was its founder and first director for almost 6 years before he was appointed consul general in Venezuela.
TELECARIBE is the third national TV channel most watched in northern Colombia.
Since 2018, Telecaribe took over the broadcast rights to the Miss Colombia pageant from former broadcaster RCN Television. While being a nationally owned regional broadcaster, its cable and digital coverage nationwide enables it to broadcast the event on all platforms (including online).
References
External links
Official Site
Spanish-language television stations
Television networks in Colombia
Mass media in Valledupar
Mass media in Barranquilla
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerds%20FC
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Nerds FC is an Australian television documentary featuring football. The first series of the show was aired as a lead-in for the 2006 FIFA World Cup on the Special Broadcasting Service network that featured coverage of the Australian national soccer team.
The show follows a football team of 14 nerds who were trained over 3 months, climaxing with a match against a professional team. Nerds FC is produced by SBS independent and Grundy Television (which has now merged with Crackerjack to become FremantleMedia Australia).
Nerds FC's format, FC Nerds, is based on the Danish reality TV hit FC Zulu.
The first series aired on Australian TV from 14 April 2006, encored from 8 June 2006, and encored again from 21 April 2007.
The DVD for the first series was released on 6 June 2007.
The second series aired from 9 June 2007.
The DVD for the second series was released on 16 August 2007.
Episodes
Cast
The team was specifically selected to have little to no knowledge of football, and also little physical ability or aptitude for the game. To find such individuals, ads were placed in local university newspapers and internet chat rooms seeking 18- to 25-year-old men, Could you be described as an intelligent geek? Do you bore your friends with technical, scientific or obsessional details? Grundy Television wants you!
The aim of the program is to build a group of nerds into a side, able to play with reasonable ability against (semi) professional teams, give some nerds a physical challenge, and to make a TV program.
Unlike other reality television series, the team was meant to bond and produce a cohesive group that was capable of excellent results. There is no 'voting off' or winner, or strategic plotting against fellow participants, the team participates as a whole.
Vodcasts
Released shortly after each episode is aired the vodcasts include commentary and extra information from some of the nerds. They can be downloaded from the Australian iTunes Music Store.
Series 1
Squad
Strip
The Nerds FC Season 1 strip was Royal Blue with white piping at the sleeves and neck, with matching shorts and socks.
Training Ground
The Nerds FC training ground is Wentworth Playing Grounds between Glebe and Pyrmont in Sydney, New South Wales.
Song and Video
The third episode saw the Nerds FC team in the 301 recording studio to make its team song, led by professional vocal trainer Erana Clark of Australian Idol fame.
The chorus of the song (and promotional video) is (in rhyme):
"We will enter history,
Failure to victory,
This team is proud to be
Nerds FC."
Watch the Promotional Video.
Games
The first game played by Nerds FC was against the "Young Matildas", the Australia women's national football (soccer) team under 21s football team. The score was 11:0 to the Young Matildas.
The fourth episode had the Nerds FC playing a game against a team of inmates in a prison. The score was 8:0.
The seventh episode featured a rematch against the Young Matildas. The score was 5:0.
Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DB1
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DB1 may refer to:
Aston Martin 2-Litre Sports, an English sports car.
Dark Beginning 1, a Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game booster pack.
db1.mdb is the default file name for databases created in Microsoft Access versions up to 2003.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-Netz
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B-Netz was an analog, commercial mobile radio telephone network that was operated by the Deutsche Bundespost in Germany (at first only West Germany) from 1972 until 1994. The system was also implemented in neighboring countries Austria, The Netherlands and Luxembourg. The B refers to the fact that it was the country's second public mobile telephone network, following the A-Netz.
As opposed to its predecessor, it featured direct-dialing (so that human operators were not required to connect calls). The frequency plan originally included only 38 channels (with one call possible per frequency channel), but it was upgraded to incorporate the A-Netz frequencies when that network was retired in 1980. The upgraded network had 78 channels and is sometimes referred to as the B2-Netz.
A major limitation of system was that, in order to reach a subscriber, one had to know his location since the handset would assume the local area code of the base station serving it. Handoff was not possible and calls were dropped when cells were switched. Roaming was possible between the implementing countries.
At its height in 1986, the network had 158 base stations and about 27,000 subscribers in Germany and 1,770 in Austria. At the end of 1988, there were 1,078 participants in West Berlin alone. The network was vastly oversubscribed and finding an available channel could prove difficult.
The connection between base station and handset was unencrypted, so eavesdropping was easy and common. In rare cases, additional devices were added by both participants to encrypt conversations (such as discussions of important politicians).
The B-Netz would eventually be superseded by the technically superior C-Netz, which was put into operation on May 1, 1985.
Technical details
Multiplexing: Frequency division multiplexing
Bandwidth per channel: 14 kHz
Channel spacing: 20 kHz
Duplexing: Frequency division duplexing
Duplex distance: 4.6 MHz
Transmitting power
20 watts for stationary stations
10 watts for mobile stations
Frequency ranges
See also
C-Netz
References
Mobile radio telephone systems
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mail%20%28Unix%29
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mail is a command-line email client for Unix and Unix-like operating systems.
History
"Electronic mail was there from the start", Douglas McIlroy writes in his article "A Research UNIX Reader: Annotated Excerpts from the Programmer’s Manual, 1971-1986", and so a command was included in the first released version of research Unix, First Edition Unix.
This version of mail was capable to send (append) messages to the mailboxes of other users on the Unix system, and it helped managing (reading) the mailbox of the current user.
In 1978 Kurt Shoens wrote a completely new version of mail for BSD2, referred to as Berkeley Mail. Although initially installed at , (with the earlier Unix mail still available at ), on most modern Unix and Linux systems the commands , and/or all invoke a descendant of this Berkeley Mail, which much later was the base for the standardization of a mail program by the OpenGroup, the POSIX standardized variant mailx.
See also
Cleancode email
mailx
References
External links
at GNU Mailutils manual
S-nail manual
Unix Internet software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Bunnell
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David Hugh Bunnell (July 25, 1947 – October 18, 2016) was a pioneer of the personal computing industry who founded some of the most successful computer magazines including PC Magazine, PC World, and Macworld. In 1975, he was working at MITS in Albuquerque, N.M., when the company made the first personal computer, the Altair 8800. His coworkers included Microsoft founders Bill Gates and Paul Allen, who created the first programming language for the Altair, Altair BASIC.
Early life
David Bunnell grew up in the small town of Alliance, Nebraska, the son of Hugh Bunnell and Elois (Goodwin) Bunnell. He had one sibling, Roger Bunnell, three years his junior. In high school, he was on the state champion cross-country team. He worked with his father, the editor of the Alliance Daily Times-Herald newspaper. During his senior year in high school, Bunnell served as the sports editor of the newspaper.
Bunnell attended the University of Nebraska from 1965 to 1969, where he graduated with a B.A. majoring in history. While at the university, he was active in the anti-Vietnam war movement and was elected president of the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS).
Family
He married Linda Essay, also of Alliance, in 1969. They had two children, Mara Rebecca (1971) and Aaron John Hassan (1974). The couple was divorced in 1978, but remained friends. In 1981, he married photographer, Jaqueline Dowds Poitier. They raised her daughter, Jennifer Poitier and subsequently her two daughters, Jamaica Poitier and Xaire Poitier in Berkeley, California. Jaqueline (Jackie) was a driving force behind his career in the publishing industry; the couple pioneered PC Magazine (with Jim Edlin and Cheryl Woodard) in the bedroom of their rental house in San Francisco's Sunset Neighborhood.
Career
Bunnell worked as a public school teacher in Southside Chicago from 1969 to 1971, with wife, Linda, who was also a teacher. They transferred to the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota as teachers. He delivered food to the Native Americans who occupied Wounded Knee for 71 days beginning on February 27, 1973. The couple moved to Albuquerque, NM with their baby, Mara in 1973.
In 1991, Bunnell founded BioWorld, the online business newspaper and print magazine for the Biotechnology Industry, which he sold to Thompson Media Group in 1994. From 1996 to 2002, he was CEO and Editor-in-Chief of Upside (magazine) which became very successful during the dot-com bubble.
In 2007, Bunnell co-founded ELDR magazine with Chad Lewis. The magazine, which covers the boomer market, was named Best New Consumer Magazine by Folio Magazine in 2008. He died on October 18, 2016, at the age of 69 in Berkeley, California.
Publications
Publications by Bunnell
Personal Computing: A Beginner's Guide. Hawthorne, 1978.
Making the Cisco Connection. Wiley, 2000.
Good Friday on The Rez. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2017. .
Publications with others
An Introduction to Microcomputers. With Adam Osborne. McGraw-Hill
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globule%20%28CDN%29
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Globule was an open-source collaborative content delivery network developed at the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam since 2006. It is implemented as a third-party module for the Apache HTTP Server that allows any given server to replicate its documents to other Globule servers. This can improve the site's performance, maintain the site available to its clients even if some servers are down, and to a certain extent help to resist to flash crowds and the Slashdot effect. the project is discontinued and is no longer maintained.
Globule takes care of maintaining consistency between the replicas, monitoring the servers, and automatically redirecting clients to one of the available replicas. Globule also supports the replication of PHP documents accessing MySQL databases. It runs on Unix and Windows systems.
See also
Codeen
References
External links
A paper describing Globule's architecture as a collaborative content delivery network
Distributed data storage
Apache httpd modules
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question%20%28short%20story%29
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"Question" is a science fiction short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. The story first appeared in the March 1955 issue of Computers and Automation (thought to be the first computer magazine), and was reprinted in the April 30, 1957, issue of Science World. It is the first of a loosely connected series of stories concerning a fictional supercomputer called Multivac.
The story concerns two technicians who are servicing Multivac, and their argument over whether or not the machine is truly intelligent and able to think. Multivac, however, supplies the answer on its own.
After the reprint, another author, Robert Sherman Townes, noticed the climax in the last sentence was very similar to one of his own stories, "Problem for Emmy" (Startling Stories, June 1952), and wrote to Asimov about it. After searching in his library, Asimov did find the original story and, although he did not recall having read it, admitted that the endings were pretty similar. He then replied to Townes, apologizing and promising the story would never again be published, and it never was. Asimov mentioned "Question" in an editorial called "Plagiarism" which appeared in the August 1985 issue of Asimov's Science Fiction (although he did not mention Townes' name or the title of either story). "Plagiarism" was reprinted in Asimov's collection Gold (1995).
Sources
"Question" at AsimovReviews.net
External links
"Question" at the Internet Archive
Multivac short stories by Isaac Asimov
1955 short stories
Works originally published in American magazines
Works originally published in science and technology magazines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File%20menu
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The File menu is a graphical control element formerly common to most file-handling computer programs, but more recently often replaced by a toolbar or ribbon. It often appears as the first item in the menu bar, and contains commands relating to the handling of files, such as open, save, print, etc. It may also contain a list of recently edited files.
In some operating systems, the file menu also offers commands for closing windows and exiting the current program.
References
Graphical control elements
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh%20Quadra%20800
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The Macintosh Quadra 800 (also sold with bundled server software as the Apple Workgroup Server 80) is a personal computer that is a part of Apple Computer's Quadra series of Macintosh computers.
Introduced in February 1993 alongside the first Macintosh Centris models, it was the first totally new Quadra model since the original Quadras, the 700 and the 900 / 950. It was positioned below the 950 (and the previous midrange Quadra, the 700, was discontinued shortly after the 800's introduction). Debuting at half the price of the 950, the 800 featured the same Motorola 68040 33 MHz processor as the 950 but its additional interleaved RAM running at 70 ns, as well as an enhanced video system and SCSI bus, enabled it to outperform the 950. However, its tower case was smaller and much less accessible, giving it the reputation of being one of Apple's worst cases of all time. The Quadra 800 was later joined by the multimedia-focused Quadra 840AV.
The Quadra 800 was discontinued in March 1994 in favor of the PowerPC-based Power Macintosh 8100. Both the 8100 and its successor, the Power Macintosh 8500, used the Quadra 800 case, as did the 8200, a model only available in Europe which used the Power Macintosh 7200 logic board (marketed as the Power Macintosh 8200). A taller, highly modified variant of the case was also used for the Power Macintosh 9500.
Hardware
Case: Apple introduced a new mini-tower case design for the Quadra 800, which was subsequently used for the Quadra 840AV, Power Macintosh 8100, 8200 and 8500. Infoworld's review of the Quadra 800 described the case's design as follows: "Apple recommends that you take your machine into an authorized dealer to install additional memory. It’s no wonder — the procedure is fraught with difficulties (although not as bad as previous compact models such as the SE). In order to access the SIMM slots, you need to detach the logic board from its plastic holders (which are easily broken). You then flip the board over to access the slots. If you have any boards in the machine, you need to remove them. And when you try to put it all back together, you may find some of your internal SCSI connections have come loose."
Video: The logic board has 512 KB of on-board VRAM; this is sufficient to provide 256-color (8-bit) support on monitors up to 16 inches in size. Two VRAM SIMM slots provide the ability to upgrade to 1 MB of VRAM, which allows for 32,768 color (16-bit) resolutions. On-board video provided by the Quadra 800 is not capable of operating at 24-bit color, regardless of how much VRAM is installed. However, installing a 24bit video card enables the user to use the Quadra 800 in 24bit mode.
CD-ROM: Some configurations included an AppleCD 300i 2x CD-ROM. The Quadra 800 was one of the first Macintoshes shipped with a bootable CD-ROM.
Models
All configurations include an external SCSI port, two ADB and two serial ports, 3 NuBus slots, a Processor Direct Slot, mono audio in, and stereo audio out. The inc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edit%20menu
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The Edit menu is a menu-type graphical control element found in most computer programs that handle files, text or images. It is often the second menu in the menu bar, next to the file menu.
Whereas the file menu commonly contains commands about handling of files, such as open, save, and print, the edit menu commonly contains commands relating to the handling of information within a file, e.g. cut and paste and selection commands. In addition, it may also be home to the undo and redo commands, especially in word processors. It may also contain commands for locating information, e.g. find commands. In graphics-oriented programs, it often contains commands relating to the manipulation of images, for example the crop command.
Graphical control elements
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Match%20Day%20%28video%20game%29
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Match Day is a football computer game, published by Ocean Software in 1984 for the ZX Spectrum. It is the first game in the Match Day series, and was the creation of programmer Jon Ritman and Chris Clarke. Versions were later released for the Amstrad CPC and PCW, BBC Micro, Commodore 64 and MSX systems.
Background
Jon Ritman met Chris Clarke, formerly of Crystal Computing, at Artic Computing in 1983 where Clarke was marketing Bear Bovver, Ritman's latest game for the company. They decided on going freelance to produce a football game after discovering that distributors wanted to see a ZX Spectrum game comparable to International Soccer on the Commodore 64. By chance Ritman met David Ward, co-founder of Ocean Software, at a computer show and told him what he was working on. Several months later Ward called Ritman and offered him a £20,000 advance for the game which he accepted immediately. Ocean licensed the theme tune from Match of the Day from the BBC but not the title, naming it Match Day instead.
Gameplay
This was the first soccer game for the ZX Spectrum where large moving footballers characters could dribble, throw-in, take corners, etc. The game uses modified sprites from a Ritman's previous title Bear Bovver to create an almost isometric, but still ultimately side-on football title.
The game had 8 teams that the player could choose, such as Ritman Rovers, Clarke PR and Ocean United. Players could rename the teams and redefine the team colours.
Reception
Match Day was released in late 1984 and became a best-seller over the Christmas period reaching number 2 in the charts behind Ghostbusters. The BBC micro version ported by Chris Roberts reached the top of the BBC charts in September 1985. Match Day sold over 50,000 copies
Legacy
The sequel, Match Day II was much the same but incorporated two features still used today in most football titles - a deflection system, the ball could bounce off players, which meant headers were possible, and a shot power system, although it was as easy to accidentally backheel the ball with this system, as it was to hit a powerful shot. The game is also similar to a previously, not published game by Jon Ritman, Soccerama.
Later, in 1995, Jon Ritman tried to release Match Day III, but the name of the game was changed to Super Match Soccer to avoid any potential legal issues.
References
External links
It Really Is All Over at Eurogamer
History of Computer Soccer at members.lycos.co.uk/Crispin_S
1984 video games
ZX Spectrum games
BBC Micro and Acorn Electron games
Amstrad CPC games
Commodore 64 games
Association football video games
Video games scored by Martin Galway
Ocean Software games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Multiplayer and single-player video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiharu%20Tezuka
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is a Japanese voice actress who works for Arts Vision.
Notable voice roles
Anime
1997
Yukari Kashima, Staff in Vampire Princess Miyu
Children in Cyber Marionette J
Battle Athletes
1998
Maki Rowel in Ginga Hyōryū Vifam
Girl Student in Nazca
Reika Yamamoto in Serial Experiments Lain
Fumiko Makuragi in St. Luminous Mission High School
Chibi, George in Bakusō Kyōdai Let's & Go!! MAX
Willy in Marvelous Melmo
1999
Mi in Cyborg Kuro-chan
Karen Jordan in AD Police
Misaki in Devil Lady
Yoshiharu in Let's Dance With Papa
2000
Kaga in Steel Angel Kurumi
2001
Kenta in X
Marimo Marino in Crush Gear Turbo
Johnny McGregor, Boy (D) in Beyblade
Mabel in Kirby: Right Back at Ya!
Lasagna, Hole in Groove Adventure Rave
2002
Eiko Yano, Receptionist in Witch Hunter Robin
2004
Kanako Kinoshita in Detective Conan
2005
Oosumi in Onmyou Taisenki
2006
Cellaria Markelight in Soul Link
2008
Mother Striker in Battle Spirits: Shounen Toppa Bashin
OVA
1993
Lovers Student (B) in Here Is Greenwood
1999
Jun Kamishiro in Melty Lancer
2001
Viola Gyunee in ZOE: 2167 IDOLO
Video games
1994
Jun Kubota in Advanced V.G.
1996
Orange in Fire Woman Matoi-gumi
Fairies (G) in Walküre no Densetsu Gaiden: Rosa no Bōken
1997
Akira Kazama in Rival Schools: United by Fate
1998
Jun Kubota in Advanced V.G. 2
2000
Annette in RPG Maker 2000 Sample Game
Akira Kazama in Project Justice
2001
Julia Douglas in Growlanser
Viola Gune in Zone of the Enders
2003
Viola A.I. in Anubis: Zone of the Enders
2006
Mai Misugi in Green Green 3 ~Hello, Good-bye~
Unknown date
Jun Kamishiro in Melty Lancer
Yuki Yamashiro in Kojin Kyouju: La Lecon Particuliere
Dubbing
Cordelia Chase in Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Angel
External links
Official profile
1974 births
Living people
Voice actresses from Tokyo
Japanese video game actresses
Japanese voice actresses
20th-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese actresses
Arts Vision voice actors
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Macintosh%208100
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The Power Macintosh 8100 (also sold in Japan as the Power Macintosh 8115 and with bundled server software as the Workgroup Server 8150) is a personal computer that is a part of Apple Computer's Power Macintosh series of Macintosh computers. It was introduced in March 1994 alongside the Power Macintosh 6100 and the 7100 as the high end model of the first generation of the Power Macintosh family, and is a direct replacement of the prior Macintosh Quadra 800. It retains the Quadra 800's enclosure.
The 8100 originally featured a PowerPC 601 at 80 MHz, and was speed-bumped to 100 MHz in January 1995. The main variant of the 8100 are the 8100AV models, which came with an analog video in/out card in its Processor Direct Slot. A faster 110 MHz model was released in November 1994 without an AV variant.
The case has received criticism for being difficult to work with. Dan Knight, writing for Low End Mac, noted that "except for replacing the CPU card in the 8500, changing anything on the motherboard required completely removing it. That included removing the reset button, removing a screw, disconnecting several cables, then sliding the motherboard assembly forward about an inch, then pulling it away from its mounts."
In August 1995, the 8100 was discontinued, with the Power Macintosh 8500 taking its place.
Models
Introduced March 14, 1994:
Power Macintosh 8100/80:
Power Macintosh 8100/80AV:
Introduced April 25, 1994:
Workgroup Server 8150:
Introduced November 3, 1994:
Power Macintosh 8100/110:
Introduced January 3, 1995:
Power Macintosh 8100/100:
Power Macintosh 8100/100AV:
Introduced February 23, 1995:
Power Macintosh 8115/110:
Introduced April 3, 1995:
Workgroup Server 8150/110:
In popular culture
Sandra Bullock, starring as systems analyst Angela Bennett, uses a Power Macintosh 8100 as her primary workstation in the movie The Net (1995).
Timeline
References
External links
Power Macintosh 8100 at apple-history.com
Power Macintosh 8100 at Low End Mac
Power Macintosh 8100/80, 8100/80AV, 8100/100, 8100/100AV, 8100/110, and 8115/110 at EveryMac.com
8100
8100
Macintosh towers
Computer-related introductions in 1994
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BFM%20TV
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BFM TV (, stylized as BFMTV) is a French news broadcast television and radio network, wholly owned by Altice Média. The flagship property of the Altice Média division of Altice France, its headquarters are located in Paris.
As the country's most-watched news channel with 10 million daily viewers, BFM TV "boasts a market share in France that is greater than any equivalent news channel around the world". A BBC News commentator considered its economic coverage "clearly pro-business, pro-reform, and anti the old consensus", which is noteworthy because in France, "economic coverage tends to come from the opposite perspective—the state sector and workers taking precedence over private enterprise".
History
BFMTV was launched by the NextRadioTV group (now Altice Média) as an offshoot of BFM Business, which exclusively focused on business and the economy, on 14 December 2004. BFM is an abbreviation of "Business FM", the original name of BFM Business. Approved by the Conseil supérieur de l'audiovisuel (CSA) on 5 May 2005, it began broadcasting on 28 November 2005. Alain Weill became Chairman and CEO in 2005.
The "small independent news channel" became "one of the most influential voices in French media and politics" by distinguishing itself with "a reactive, live format—and dumping the French habit of endless pre-recorded talk". Ratings continuously increased, and it became the most-watched French news channel in June 2008. With a 1.8 national share (as of mid-2012), it greatly exceeds its first competitor, I-Télé (0.7 national share). As the ratings and the advertising revenues increased, the budget of the network peaked at €50 million in 2011, compared to €15 million in 2006.
Spin-off networks
BFM Sport
Launched on 7 June 2016, BFM Sport was the second all-news and sports TV channel in France after Infosport+, sister channel of Canal+. The channel features an 8-minute update every 30 minutes (with the loop all night long). It also carries 3 magazines: After Foot (daily 10pmmidnight), Le Grand Week-end Sport (weekends 9amnoon) and 60 Minutes Sport (SundayFriday 78pm).
BFM Paris
Launched on 7 November 2016, BFM Paris is mainly inspired by New York's News 12. The main programming consists of local news updates, traffic, weather, sports, and cultural information. There's a live morning show seven days a week and an evening show on weeknights.
Programming history
1st version (28 November 20058 May 2006)
The channel's first schedule version focused on the morning and evening dayparts.
Weekdays, from 6am to 9:30am, during BFM Matin, the channel ran a 30-minute block with Stéphanie de Muru on the 15-minute general news and Thomas Misrachi on the 15-minute financial news. This block kept running throughout the day with images-only newscasts (French: JT tout en image). Between 6pm and 11:30pm, during BFM Soir, BFMTV carried a newscast every half-hour with Ruth Elkrief (6pm/7pm), Olivier Mazerolle (8pm), Florence Duprat (7:30pm/9pm/11pm) and Jean-Alexa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voodoo3
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Voodoo3 was a series of computer gaming video cards manufactured and designed by 3dfx Interactive. It was the successor to the company's high-end Voodoo2 line and was based heavily upon the older Voodoo Banshee product. Voodoo3 was announced at COMDEX '98 and arrived on store shelves in early 1999. The Voodoo3 line was the first product manufactured by the combined STB Systems and 3dfx.
History
The 'Avenger' graphics core was originally conceived immediately after Banshee. Due to mis-management by 3dfx, this caused the next-generation 'Rampage' project to suffer delays which would prove to be fatal to the entire company.
Avenger was pushed to the forefront as it offered a quicker time to market than the already delayed Rampage. Avenger was no more than the Banshee core with a second texture mapping unit (TMU) added - the same TMU which Banshee lost compared to Voodoo2. Avenger was thus merely a Voodoo2 with an integrated 128-bit 2D video accelerator and twice the clock speed.
Architecture and performance
Much was made of Voodoo3 (christened 'Avenger') and its 16-bit color rendering limitation. This was in fact quite complex, as Voodoo3 operated to full 32-bit precision (8 bits per channel, 16.7M colours) in its texture mappers and pixel pipeline as opposed to previous products from 3dfx and other vendors, which had only worked in 16-bit precision.
To save framebuffer space, the Voodoo3's rendering output was dithered to 16 bit. This offered better quality than running in pure 16-bit mode. However, a controversy arose over what happened next.
The Voodoo3's RAMDAC, which took the rendered frame from the framebuffer and generated the display image, performed a 2x2 box or 4x1 line filter on the dithered image to almost reconstruct the original 24-bit color render. 3dfx claimed this to be '22-bit' equivalent quality. As such, Voodoo3's framebuffer was not representative of the final output, and therefore, screenshots did not accurately portray Voodoo3's display quality which was actually much closer to the 24-bit outputs of Nvidia's RIVA TNT2 and ATI's Rage 128.
The internal organisation of Avenger was not complex. Pre-setup notably featured a guardband clipper (eventually part of hardware transformation and lighting) but the pixel pipeline was a conventional single-issue, dual-texture design almost identical to that featured on Voodoo2, but capable of working on 32-bit image data as opposed to Voodoo2's pure 16-bit output. Avenger's other remarkable features included the 128-bit GDI accelerator debuted in Banshee. This 2D engine led the Voodoo3 to be considered one of the more high-performance video cards of its generation.
The Voodoo3 2000, 3000 and 3500 differed mainly in clock frequencies (memory and core were synchronous). The clock rates were 143 MHz, 166 MHz and 183 MHz respectively. While this gave the 3000 and 3500 a notable theoretical advantage in multi-textured fillrate over its main rival, the TNT2 clocked at 125 MHz, the TNT2
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyLINUX
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MyLINUX was a Romanian computer magazine published monthly, specialized on the Linux operating system. Each release contained a small Linux distribution on a CD. It was started in August 2005. The magazine ceased to publish in January 2007, and the final issue was made available for free over the internet in PDF format.
Profile
Each issue of MyLINUX was structured in 10 segments:
News - latest news from the Linux world.
Software - Linux software reviews.
Distributions - Linux distros pinned.
Interview - interview with famous open source software developers.
Beginner - articles for newbies.
Internet - sites of the month
LinuxMobil - articles about Linux on mobile devices.
LinuxGame - Linux game reviews.
LinuxTips - tips 'n' tricks over Linux.
/dev/null - humor page.
The editing team consisted of:
Rãzvan T. Coloja - Editor in chief
Darius Martin - Executive editor
Emanuel Gliţia - Editor
Mircea Buzlea - Project coordinator, mobile solutions
Cristian Mada - Graphics design and DTP
Tamas Kiraly - Webmaster
MyLINUX, along with MyHARDWARE, was one of the satellite magazines of MyCOMPUTER, another Romanian IT&C magazine.
Community site
Although the magazine ceased publication, another project is still being kept alive.
The main language of the site is Romanian, however the vast majority of the forum users understand English as well.
Over the time an active community has formed around the forum, made up mostly of Unix users.
References
2005 establishments in Romania
2007 disestablishments in Romania
Defunct magazines published in Romania
Defunct computer magazines
Downloadable magazines
Linux magazines
Magazines established in 2005
Magazines disestablished in 2007
Romanian-language magazines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/You%20Wish%20%28TV%20series%29
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You Wish is an American fantasy sitcom television series created by Michael Jacobs, that ran from September 26, 1997, to June 19, 1998. It started as part of ABC's TGIF programming on Friday nights for the fall of 1997, along with Sabrina, the Teenage Witch, Boy Meets World, and Teen Angel.
Synopsis
In the show's pilot episode (in which the proposed series was still known under a working title of Genie), Gillian Apple (Harley Jane Kozak) and her two children, Mickey Apple (Alex McKenna) and Travis Apple (Nathan Lawrence) visit a rug shop where they meet the owner, Madman Mustafa (John Rhys-Davies). There they buy a rug, where they unexpectedly release a genie (John Ales), who has been imprisoned for 2,000 years. The genie's name is simply "Genie", although in the first episode Gillian refers to him as "Steve from Canoga Park", an alias he later uses. Jerry Van Dyke was introduced to the show in the third episode as Genie's Grandpa Max (thus, Van Dyke was simultaneously appearing on two TGIF series, You Wish and Teen Angel at the same time as different characters).
Cast
John Ales as Genie
Harley Jane Kozak as Gillian Apple
Jerry Van Dyke as Grandpa Max
Alex McKenna as Mickey Apple
Nathan Lawrence as Travis Apple
Production
Crossovers
Although the series made a total of 13 episodes, it was taken off after the seventh episode, "Genie Without a Cause." This episode, which aired on November 7, 1997, was part of a night-long TGIF retro crossover, which started with Sabrina. Sabrina made a time ball, which Salem swallowed and caused the time period to be the 1960s. Salem then crossed over to Boy Meets World, turning it into the 1940s, then this series to the 1950s and then to Teen Angel to the 1970s.
Cancellation
You Wish was a ratings failure, ranking 92nd for the season and was cancelled after seven episodes. Reruns from the first season of Sabrina the Teenage Witch were added to the TGIF lineup to fill the empty slot for the remainder of the season. The remaining six unaired episodes of the series were burned off in May and June 1998, filling the slot of its fellow new TGIF series, Teen Angel, after that show was canceled.
Episodes
Reception
TV Guide called the series "Hammy, artificial, and altogether excruciating".
References
External links
https://archive.org/details/YouWish
1990s American sitcoms
1997 American television series debuts
1998 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
English-language television shows
American fantasy comedy television series
Television series by ABC Studios
TGIF (TV programming block)
Television series about families
Television series created by Michael Jacobs
Genies in television
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20State%20Oil
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Pakistan State Oil (); reporting name: PSO) is a Karachi-based Pakistani state-owned petroleum corporation involved in marketing and distribution of petroleum products. It has a network of 3,689 petroleum filling stations, out of which 3500 outlets serve the public retail sector and 189 outlets serve wholesale bulk customers. Pakistan State Oil is Pakistan's largest fuel marketing company.
History
The creation of Pakistan State Oil (PSO) can be traced back to the year 1974, when on January 1; the government took over and merged National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited (DPL) as Premiere Oil Company Limited (POCL).
Soon after that, on 3 June 1974, Petroleum Storage Development Corporation (PSDC) came into existence. PSDC was then renamed as State Oil Company Limited (SOCL) on August 23, 1976. Following that, the Esso undertakings were purchased on 15 September 1976 and control was vested in SOCL. The end of that year (30 December 1976) saw the merger of the Premier Oil Company Limited and State Oil Company Limited, giving way to Pakistan state Oil (PSO).
After PSO's inception, the corporate culture underwent a comprehensive renewal program which was fully implemented in 2004. This program over the years included the revamping of the organizational architecture, rationalization of staff, employee empowerment and transparency in decision making through cross functional teams. This new corporate renewal program has divided the company's major operations into independent activities supported by legal, financial, informative and other services. In order to reinforce and monitor this structural change, related check and balances have been established by incorporating monitoring and control systems. Due to this effective implementation of corporate reform and consistent application of the best industrial practices and business development strategies, PSO has been able to maintain its market leadership in a highly competitive business environment. Pakistan State Oil delivers kerosene, light diesel oil and lubricants to consumers through over 500 distributors all over Pakistan.
Company overview
PSO controls a market share of over 60% of the total oil market with customer portfolio including dealers, government agencies, autonomous bodies, independent power projects and other corporate customers. It is involved in import, storage, distribution and marketing of a range of petroleum products including gasoline, diesel, fuel oil, jet fuel, LPG, CNG and petrochemicals.
It was founded on December 30, 1976, after Pakistan's government took over the management of Pakistan National Oil (PNO) and Dawood Petroleum Limited, Esso Eastern and renamed into POCL (Premier Oil Company Limited) for marketing of Petroleum Products. PSO is the first public company in Pakistan to pass the PKR 1 trillion revenue mark. Pakistan State Oil has been a member of the World Economic Forum since 2003. Its primary listing is on the Pakistan Stock Exchange.
The State-owned
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooting
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Rooting may refer to:
Gaining superuser access to a computer system
Rooting (Android), attaining root access on Android devices
Jailbreaking (iOS), overriding iOS software restrictions
Cutting (plant), a plant propagation technique
the rooting reflex
the Australian slang for having sexual intercourse
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flesh%20Feast%20%28video%20game%29
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Flesh Feast is a 3D action horror game released on May 20, 1998 by SegaSoft. Flesh Feast was designed primarily for multiplayer gameplay on SegaSoft's Heat.net network.
Gameplay
Flesh Feast is a third-person action game with the in-game camera showing a top-down perspective in most instances. The game's plot concerns a secret ingredient invented by the food company Nutrition Applied Science and Technology Inc. (NASAT), which has been released and has infected the entire island's water supply. The citizens are dying and rising as flesh-hungry zombies, buried dead, break through the ground to attack the living. The player proceeds through fourteen levels controlling three teams of characters, each team consisting of one main character and two sub-characters. Throughout play, hordes of zombies attack the player and must be repelled with weapons which are found throughout levels. A radar display shows the location of items relative to the characters. The objective is to unlock the final showdown at NASAT headquarters by completing each of the game's levels, containing the disaster.
Each level is split into three sectors representing difficulty levels, with one of the player's teams of characters assigned to each. Completing sectors in order is not required. Levels take place over several locales such as a dock, a graveyard and a shopping mall. Characters are controlled directly or indirectly; players can manoeuvre their characters via the keyboard or click the mouse on enemies or items to command their teams to attack or collect items. Completing each sector involves locating the exit; typically this also entails obtaining keycards and other items to remove barriers.
Multiplayer games can be played via a local area network and online via the heat.net service. Both cooperative and competitive game modes are available for two to eight players.
Reception
The game received unfavorable reviews according to the review aggregation website GameRankings. GamePro called it "an overblown puzzler trying to cash in on the trend, and it's a terribly frustrating one at that." Next Generation, however, said, "even though much of Flesh Feasts appeal comes from the bloodshed – imparted from 30 plus weapons ranging from human limbs to uzis – it's the puzzle-solving that keeps it interesting."
Notes
References
External links
Official Website (ARCHIVED)
Press Release on the release of Flesh Feast
1998 video games
North America-exclusive video games
Sega video games
Video games about zombies
Video games developed in Norway
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games scored by Peter Connelly
Windows games
Windows-only games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skai
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SKAI is a Ukrainian pop-rock band.
Skai may refer to:
Skai Group, Greek media group, contains :
Skai TV, a Greek television network.
Skai 100.3, a Greek radio station.
Skai.io, a marketing technology company based in Israel
a fictional river located near the town of Ulthar in the Dreamlands stories of H. P. Lovecraft.
Leatherette, artificial leather made by German company Konrad Hornschuch
Skai Moore (born 1995), American football linebacker (NFL, Indianapolis Colts)
Skai Jackson (born 2002), American actress, YouTuber and author
See also
Skay (disambiguation)
Sky (disambiguation)
Skei (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASICODE
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BASICODE was a computer project intended to create a unified standard for the BASIC programming language. BASIC was available on many popular home computers, but there were countless variants that were mostly incompatible with each other. The project was initiated in 1980 by Hobbyscoop, a radio program of the Dutch broadcasting organisation Nederlandse Omroep Stichting (NOS).
The language implementations were architecture-specific utility applications that executed calls of subroutines for text and audio defined in the BASICODE language standard, adapted according to the abilities of the host computer system. These applications, called Bascoders, also enabled the sharing of data and programs across different computer platforms by defining a data format for the cassette tapes that were regularly used as storage media in the 1980s. A BASICODE program stored on cassette could be loaded and run on any computer supporting the language. BASICODE was often called "Esperanto for computers" for that reason.
BASICODE
The situation at the beginning of the 1980s
From the late 1970s to the late 1980s home computers based on 8-bit processors were very popular. Amongst some of the most well-known models in the USA were the TRS-80 by Tandy, the PET 2001, VIC-20, C64, C128 and the Plus/4 by Commodore, the Atari 400/800 (XL/XE), whilst in Europe there were also the Sinclair Research computers (ZX80, ZX81, ZX Spectrum), Acorn/BBC micros, several Amstrad systems, Dragon 32/64 from Dragon Data and the KC85 family popular in the German Democratic Republic. All these computers had a CPU of the MOS Technology 6502 or Zilog Z80, or a variant thereof. Most were supplied with (or could be upgraded to) at least 16 kilobyte of RAM although many were supplied with much more. Most would provide connectors for a cassette drive or have one built-in for data storage, and a BASIC interpreter that was generally stored in ROM. The flat learning curve of BASIC, which had been designed with newcomers to programming in mind, and the instant availability of the language on all these computers led to many users writing and sharing their own programs.
A problem was that sharing programs and data across computers by different manufacturers was difficult, because the various BASIC dialects were often incompatible in some areas. Many used different BASIC commands to achieve the same result (such as clearing the screen, drawing a pixel or playing a sound), meaning that for example, a BASIC program written for the C64 was unlikely to work on an Atari XL without modification and vice versa. Another difficulty was the fact that while these computers were similar, they still differed in key hardware aspects like screen resolution, available color palette or audio abilities. Finally, the data formats used for storing data on cassette were incompatible as well.
The first standard
In 1979 the Dutch broadcaster NOS began transmitting computer programs by radio. Because programs and data were s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS-FM
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KISS-FM (99.5 MHz) is a commercial radio station in San Antonio, Texas. It airs a mainstream rock format and is owned by Cox Media Group. The studios and offices are located on Datapoint Drive in Northwest San Antonio near the South Texas Medical Center complex. The transmitter site is in Elmendorf, amid the towers for several San Antonio TV and FM stations.
History
Early years
In December 1946, the station first signed on the air. It was owned by The Walmac Company, along with sister station KMAC (now KSLR). KMAC and KISS-FM simulcast their programming, mostly from the Mutual Broadcasting System. The schedule included dramas, comedies, news, sports and big band broadcasts, during the "Golden Age of Radio."
The simulcast ended in the late 1960s, as the Federal Communications Commission encouraged AM-FM combos to offer separate programming. KISS-FM began carrying a beautiful music format, including instrumental cover versions of popular songs as well as Broadway and Hollywood show tunes.
Switch to rock
KISS-FM's format changed to free form progressive rock in the mid 1970s. In the 1980s, the playlist stressed hit albums as the station segued to album-oriented rock. During the early years, KISS-FM DJs were mostly given a free rein; many brought in their own vinyl albums, producing their own shows within a looser rock ballad and heavy metal format. The most notable past KISS/KMAC DJs/personalities were Joe "The Godfather" Anthony and Lou Roney, who worked together for many years.
With KISS-FM's hard-edged rock format, San Antonio became known as the "Heavy Metal Capital Of The World." Scores of bands can attribute their first and subsequent successes to airplay at KISS-FM.
Co-owned KMAC broadcast show tunes, opera, as well as religious programs such as the Mormon Tabernacle Choir until noon, when the AM station would simulcast the rock format heard on KISS-FM. At 6 p.m., KMAC would switch away from the simulcast and broadcast rock and progressive country till signing off at midnight. In those earlier years, KISS-FM signed off at midnight each night. "Spread The Word" was the popular window sticker slogan & on-air moniker during the 1970s and 1980s.
On August 1, 1979, longtime station owner Howard W. Davis died, and eight months later, KMAC and KISS-FM were sold by his estate to Raleigh, NC-based Capitol Broadcasting Company for $4.65 million. Capitol president James F. Goodmon, upon announcing the sale, said that they were "excited about entering the dynamic San Antonio market and becoming a part of the community".
In 1987, Adams Radio bought KISS-FM for $13 million after a previous sale to Noble Broadcast Group the year before failed to close.
Brief tenure with oldies
The rock format was set aside for a year and a half. On the morning of July 19, 1990, KISS-FM abruptly flipped to oldies as "99.5 KISS Oldies." Adams corporate programming director B.J. Hunter stated that "very simply, this was a financial decision that we had to m
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shatter%20attack
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In computing, a shatter attack is a programming technique employed by hackers on Microsoft Windows operating systems to bypass security restrictions between processes in a session. A shatter attack takes advantage of a design flaw in Windows's message-passing system whereby arbitrary code could be injected into any other running application or service in the same session, that makes use of a message loop. This could result in a privilege escalation exploit.
Overview
Shatter attacks became a topic of intense conversation in the security community in August 2002 after the publication of Chris Paget's paper "Exploiting design flaws in the Win32 API for privilege escalation". The paper, which coined the term "shatter attack", explained the process by which an application could execute arbitrary code in another application. This could occur because Windows allows unprivileged applications to send messages to message loops of higher-privileged application—and some messages can have the address of a callback function in the application's address space as their parameters. If an attacker manages to put their own string into the memory of the higher-privileged application (say by pasting shellcode to an edit box) at a known location, they could then send WM_TIMER messages with callback function parameters set to point to the attacker's string.
A few weeks after the publication of this paper, Microsoft responded, noting that: "The paper is correct that this situation exists, and it does correctly describe its effect. ... Where the paper errs is in claiming that this is a flaw in Windows. In reality, the flaw lies in the specific, highly privileged service. By design, all services within the interactive desktop are peers, and can levy requests upon each other. As a result, all services in the interactive desktop effectively have privileges commensurate with the most highly privileged service there."
Solutions
In December 2002, Microsoft issued a patch for Windows NT 4.0, Windows 2000, and Windows XP that closed off some avenues of exploitation. This was only a partial solution, however, as the fix was limited to services included with Windows that could be exploited using this technique; the underlying design flaw still existed and could still be used to target other applications or third-party services. With Windows Vista, Microsoft aimed to solve the problem in two ways: First, local users no longer log into Session 0, thus separating the message loop of a logged-in user's session from high-privilege system services, which are loaded into Session 0. Second, a new feature called User Interface Privilege Isolation (UIPI) was introduced, whereby processes can be further protected against shatter attacks by assigning an Integrity Level to each process. Attempts to send messages to a process with a higher Integrity Level will fail, even if both processes are owned by the same user. However, not all interactions between processes at different Integrit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform-independent%20GUI%20library
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A PIGUI (Platform Independent Graphical User Interface) package is a software library that a programmer uses to produce GUI code for multiple computer platforms. The package presents subroutines and/or objects (along with a programming approach) which are independent of the GUIs that the programmer is targeting. For software to qualify as PIGUI it must support several GUIs under at least two different operating systems (e.g. just supporting OPEN LOOK and X11 on two Unix boxes doesn't count). The package does not necessarily provide any additional portability features. Native look and feel is a desirable feature, but is not essential for PIGUIs.
Considerations
Using a PIGUI has limitations, such as the PIGUI only deals with the GUI aspects of the program so the programmer responsible for other portability issues, most PIGUIs slow the execution of the resulting code, and programmers are largely limited to the feature set provided by the PIGUI.
Dependence on a PIGUI can lead to project difficulties since fewer people know how to code any specific PIGUI than do a platform-specific GUI, limiting the number of people who can give advanced help, and if the vendor goes out of business there may be no further support, including future OS enhancements, though availability of source code can ease but not eliminate this problem. Also, bugs in any package, including the PIGUI, filter down to production code.
Alternative approaches
Web browsers offer a convenient alternative for many applications. Web browsers utilize HTML as a presentation layer for applications hosted on a central server, and web browsers are available for pretty much every platform. However, some applications do not lend themselves well to the web paradigm, requiring a local application with GUI capabilities. Where such applications must support multiple platforms, PIGUI can be more appropriate.
Instead of using a PIGUI, developers could partition their applications into GUI and non-GUI objects, and implement the GUI objects in the native API. Then, when porting, only the GUI objects need to be rewritten for the new platform. There are some software developers who recommend this course of action, as it produces a better fit on each platform and eliminates the overhead often associated with PIGUI toolkits. Obviously, this may require more effort in both the initial development and in ongoing maintenance (no single base of source code). It also means learning how to code for every target platform, which is not (usually) a trivial task, hence the market for PIGUI packages.
User interface approaches
Most, if not all, PIGUI packages take one of three approaches to providing platform independence. The two most common approaches are the `layered' and the `emulated' user interface but an up-and-coming approach is `API emulated' interface.
Packages using a layered interface access native, third party, GUI-building toolkits to provide the look-and-feel compliance for each particular GUI. L
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20Locked%20Pre-installation
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System Locked Pre-installation, often abbreviated as SLP, also referred to as OEM Activation, is a procedure used by major OEM computer-manufacturers in order to pre-activate Microsoft Windows before mass distribution.
Details
SLP comes in eight different version which roughly coincide with versions of Windows NT.
Operating systems that use SLP 1.0 check for a particular text-string in a computer's BIOS upon booting. If the text string does not match the information stored in the particular installation's OEM BIOS files, the system prompts the user to activate their copy as normal. SLP 2.0 to SLP 2.5 work in a similar manner. This effectively "locks" the operating system to the qualified motherboard. In addition, if an end-user feels the need to perform a "clean install" of Windows and if the manufacturer supplies the user with an installation disc (not a "System Recovery" disc that is a hard-drive image), the user will not be prompted to activate the copy, given that the installation is performed on the same motherboard. Furthermore, because the check only involves the BIOS and not hardware, a user is allowed to change virtually all hardware components within the machine except motherboard, a procedure that would normally trigger re-activation in retail copies of Windows. If the replacement board is the same brand and of the same broad vintage as the original, it will often be accepted by the OEM software. Manufacturers are generally only given a few SLP keys by Microsoft. A royalty has been paid by the manufacturer if the board has an SLP key. Each manufacturer is issued with their own modified copy of Windows XP or Windows 7 that recognizes their own unique keys. Windows 8 will install on any UEFI motherboard containing a valid encrypted Microsoft product key since a royalty has been prepaid. It is most probable that an individual OEM royalty is much less than the retail price of the same version of Windows.
The product key sticker attached to OEM computers, prior to Windows 8, will not activate the copy of windows supplied with the machine. Only the SLP key can do that and the product key is never requested during activation. The purpose of the external sticker with a key is not known with certainty, but it is most likely a way for Microsoft to check that items for retail sale have had a full royalty paid by the OEM.
SLP installations require a master product key issued by each OEM maker, which is unique to the specific edition of Windows, such as Home (XP), Home Basic, Home Premium, Professional, Ultimate, etc. This SLP key is different from the product key printed on the Certificate of Authenticity affixed to an OEM assembled PC; COA product key is used in cases when Windows license stored is invalidated for some reason and re-activation is required. On February 28, 2005, Microsoft attempted to reduce software piracy by invalidating COA keys for normal online activation and requiring phone activation, but this does not apply to SLP key
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harrison%20White
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Harrison Colyar White (born March 21, 1930) is the emeritus Giddings Professor of Sociology at Columbia University. White played an influential role in the “Harvard Revolution” in social networks and the New York School of relational sociology. He is credited with the development of a number of mathematical models of social structure including vacancy chains and blockmodels. He has been a leader of a revolution in sociology that is still in process, using models of social structure that are based on patterns of relations instead of the attributes and attitudes of individuals.
Among social network researchers, White is widely respected. For instance, at the 1997 International Network of Social Network Analysis conference, the organizer held a special “White Tie” event, dedicated to White. Social network researcher Emmanuel Lazega refers to him as both “Copernicus and Galileo” because he invented both the vision and the tools.
The most comprehensive documentation of his theories can be found in the book Identity and Control, first published in 1992. A major rewrite of the book appeared in June 2008. In 2011, White received the W.E.B. DuBois Career of Distinguished Scholarship Award from the American Sociological Association, which honors "scholars who have shown outstanding commitment to the profession of sociology and whose cumulative work has contributed in important ways to the advancement of the discipline." Before his retirement to live in Tucson, Arizona, White was interested in sociolinguistics and business strategy as well as sociology.
History
Early years
White was born on March 21, 1930, in Washington, D.C. He had three siblings and his father was a doctor in the US Navy. Although moving around to different Naval bases throughout his adolescence, he considered himself Southern, and Nashville, TN to be his home. At the age of 15, he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), receiving his undergraduate degree at 20 years of age; five years later, in 1955, he received a doctorate in theoretical physics, also from MIT with John C. Slater as his advisor. His dissertation was titled A quantum-mechanical calculation of inter-atomic force constants in copper. This was published in the Physical Review as "Atomic Force Constants of Copper from Feynman's Theorem" (1958). While at MIT he also took a course with the political scientist Karl Deutsch, who White credits with encouraging him to move toward the social sciences.
Princeton University
After receiving his PhD in theoretical physics, he received a Fellowship from the Ford Foundation to begin his second doctorate in sociology at Princeton University. His dissertation advisor was Marion J. Levy. White also worked with Wilbert Moore, Fred Stephan, and Frank W. Notestein while at Princeton. His cohort was very small, with only four or five other graduate students including David Matza, and Stanley Udy.
At the same time, he took up a position as an operations analyst at the O
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spacecraft%20Tracking%20and%20Data%20Acquisition%20Network
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The Spacecraft Tracking and Data (Acquisition) Network (STADAN or STDN) was established by NASA in the early 1960s to satisfy the requirement for long-duration, highly available space-to-ground communications. The network was the “follow-on” to the earlier Minitrack, which tracked the flights of Sputnik, Vanguard, Explorer, and other early space efforts (1957–1962). Real-time operational control and scheduling of the network was provided by the Network Operations Control Center (NOCC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in
Greenbelt, Maryland.
Consisting of parabolic dish antennas and telephone switching equipment deployed around the world, the STADAN provided space-to-ground communications for approximately 15 minutes of a 90-minute orbit period. This limited contact period sufficed for uncrewed spacecraft, but crewed spacecraft require a much higher data collection time. In May 1971 STADAN was consolidated with the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN) to form the Spaceflight Tracking and Data Network (STDN).
Stations
STADAN stations were located in the following areas around the world:
Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, US (ETC) - Network Operations Control Center
Orroral Valley Tracking Station in Canberra, Australia (ORR)
Carnarvon, Australia (CRO)
Cooby Creek Tracking Station in Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
Johannesburg, South Africa (BUR)
Tananarive, Madagascar (TAN)
East Grand Forks, Minnesota, US
Shoe Cove, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada (NFL)
Fort Myers, Florida, US
Quito, Ecuador (QUI)
Lima, Peru
Santiago, Chile (AGO)
Antofagasta, Chile
Fairbanks, Alaska, US (ULA)
Winkfield, England (WNK)
Rosman, North Carolina, US (ROS)
Goldstone Deep Space Communications Complex in Goldstone, California, US (GDS)
Barstow, California, US
Brown Field, California near Chula Vista, US
Pakistan
Crete, Greece
Ascension Island, (South Atlantic Ocean)
Cooper's Island, Bermuda (BDA)
Later developments
Most of the STADAN stations were phased out in the early 1980s, as the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System (TDRS), took over most of the work of tracking satellites in low Earth orbit. Another network, the Deep Space Network (DSN), interacted with crewed craft higher than 10,000 miles from Earth, such as the Apollo missions, in addition to its primary mission of data collection from deep space probes.
See also
NASCOM
External links
"STDN User's Manual" - Goddard Space Flight Center, (NASA-TM-X-72932) STDN User's Manual N75-78163, Baseline Document (NASA) 124 pages, UNCLAS 00/98 03939
GSFC X-202067-26 William R. Corliss (1967). Evolution of the Satellite Tracking And Data Acquisition Network (STADAN).
NASA CR-140390 - William R. Corliss (June 1974). Histories of the Space Tracking and Data Acquisition Network (STADAN), the Manned Space Flight Network (MSFN), and the NASA Communications Network (NASCOM).
NASA SP-2007-4233 - Sunny Tsiao (2007). "Read You Loud and Clear!" The Story of NASA's Spa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pradeep%20Sindhu
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Pradeep Sindhu is an Indian-American business executive. He is the chairman, chief development officer (CDO) and co-founder of data center technology company Fungible. Previously, he co-founded Juniper Networks, where he was the chief scientist and served as CEO until 1996.
Biography
Sindhu holds a B.Tech. in electrical engineering (1974) from the Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, M.S. in electrical engineering (1976) from the University of Hawaiʻi, and a PhD (1982) in computer science from Carnegie Mellon University where he studied under Bob Sproull.
Work
Sindhu had worked at the Computer Science Lab of Xerox PARC for 11 years. Sindhu worked on design tools for very-large-scale integration (VLSI) of integrated circuits and high-speed interconnects for shared memory architecture multiprocessors.
Sindhu founded Juniper Networks along with Dennis Ferguson and Bjorn Liencres in February 1996 in California. The company was subsequently reincorporated in Delaware in March 1998 and went public on 25 June 1999.
Sindhu worked on the architecture, design, and development of the Juniper M40 data router.
Sindhu's earlier work subsequently influenced the architecture, design, and development of Sun Microsystems' first high-performance multiprocessor system family, which included systems such as the SS1000 and SC2000.
Sindhu is the founder and CEO of data center technology company Fungible.
References
External links
Pradeep Sindhu's entry on the Juniper Networks Website
Interview with Pradeep Sindhu
1953 births
Living people
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American businesspeople
American technology chief executives
American manufacturing businesspeople
Carnegie Mellon University alumni
Indian emigrants to the United States
IIT Kanpur alumni
Juniper Networks
Computer networking people
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
American chief technology officers
American people of Indian descent
American computer businesspeople
American chief executives
American chief executives of Fortune 500 companies
Chief executives in the technology industry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SuperPaint
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SuperPaint was a pioneering graphics program and framebuffer computer system developed by Richard Shoup at Xerox PARC. The system was first conceptualized in late 1972 and produced its first stable image in April 1973. SuperPaint was among the earliest uses of computer technology for creative artworks, video editing, and computer animation, all of which would become major areas within the entertainment industry and major components of industrial design.
SuperPaint had the ability to capture images from standard video input or combine them with preexisting digital data. SuperPaint was also the first program to use now-ubiquitous features in common computer graphics programs such as changing hue, saturation and value of graphical data, choosing from a preset color palette, custom polygons and lines, virtual paintbrushes and pencils, and auto-filling of images. SuperPaint was also one of the first graphics programs to use a graphical user interface and was one of the earliest to feature anti-aliasing.
SuperPaint was used in the mid-1970s to make custom television graphics for KQED-TV in San Francisco, and later to make technical graphics and animations for the NASA Pioneer Venus project mission in 1978. Due to differences with management at PARC, Shoup left Xerox in 1979 to found graphics company Aurora Systems, while colleague Alvy Ray Smith went to work at New York Institute of Technology. In 1980, Smith and others joined Industrial Light & Magic, George Lucas's movie special effects firm, and this group later founded Pixar. Shoup won an Emmy Award in 1983, and an Academy Scientific Engineering Award shared with Smith and Thomas Porter in 1998, for his development of SuperPaint.
Hardware
The SuperPaint system was a custom computer system built around a Data General Nova 800 minicomputer CPU and a hand-wired shift register framebuffer. This system had 311,040 bytes of memory and was capable of storing 640 by 480 pixels of data with 8 bits of color depth. The memory was scattered across 16 circuit boards, each loaded with multiple 2-kilobit shift register chips. While workable, this design required that the total framebuffer be implemented as a 307,200 byte shift register that shifted in synchronization with the television output signal. The primary drawback to this scheme was that memory was not random access. Rather, a given position could be accessed only when the desired scan-line and pixel time rolled around. This gave the system a maximum latency of 33 ms for writing to the framebuffer.
Also included in the SuperPaint configuration was an 8-bit video digitizer, and direct conversion to standard NTSC video.
The system is now in the permanent collection of the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California.
References
See also
Line Drawing System-1
External links
Richard Shoup personal website - The SuperPaint System (1973-1979)
Lowendmac.com - The Pixar Story: Dick Shoup, Alex Schure, George Lucas, Steve Jobs, and Disney
Annals
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quick%20Response%20Engine
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Quick Response Engine was a planning and scheduling program developed for the OS/400 platform. The program was developed by the Acacia Technologies division of Computer Associates in 1996. In 2002 the group was sold to SSA Global Technologies.
References
AS/400
Automated planning and scheduling
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QuickC
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Microsoft QuickC is a discontinued commercial integrated development environment (IDE) product engineered by Microsoft for the C programming language, superseded by Visual C++ Standard Edition. Its main competitor was Borland Turbo C.
QuickC is one of three Microsoft programming languages with IDEs of this type marketed in the same period, the other two being QuickBasic and QuickPascal. QuickBasic later gave rise to Visual Basic as well as being included without a linker as QBasic in later versions of MS-DOS, replacing GW-BASIC. QuickC is a lineal ancestor of Visual C++. The three Quick language implementations were designed for power users (as opposed to professional developers, whom Microsoft supplied with programming languages in the form of expensive and more comprehensive implementations for the three languages in question as well as C++, Fortran, and Cobol) and educational use; in all three cases their major competitor was Borland with its Turbo compiler series. Microsoft Macro Assembler also competes with Borland's Turbo Assembler
QuickC was a real mode target only compiler, with the exception of QuickC for Windows 1.0 which also allowed to compile protected mode programs, but only for Windows.
Version history
QuickC 1.0, released in October 1987. It implements the ANSI C standard and is Microsoft C 5.0 compatible. CodeView is also supported. The release had known compatibility issues with WD HDD controllers.
QuickC 1.01
QuickC 2.0, released in January 1989. New features included: incremental compiling and linking, improved compilation speed, built-in assembler and support for all memory models. It was Microsoft C 5.1 compatible.
QuickC 2.01, released in June 1989. Quick Assembler was included in this release. It was Microsoft Source Profiler compatible.
QuickC 2.50, released in May 1990.
QuickC 2.51, released in December 1990 (Only available with the bundled Assembler)
QuickC for Windows 1.0, released in September 1991. It was the first Windows based IDE for C and was also available in a bundle with Microsoft C 6.0 and Windows SDK. The IDE made use of some undocumented Windows API calls. It was still possible to target DOS with this version, but these DOS programs were limited to real mode programs.
See also
QuickBASIC - similar development environment for BASIC programming
References
1987 software
Integrated development environments
C (programming language) compilers
DOS software
Discontinued Microsoft development tools
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendlyware
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FriendlyWare was a set of 30 computer programs that were written in BASIC. There were several releases of FriendlyWare. A review of some its software appeared in the April 1983 issue of PC World magazine.
Reception and distribution
These programs, which were bundled with some IBM personal computers sold by hardware vendors, included computer games, business software and personal data analysis programs.
The original copy, titled FriendlyWare I, was distributed on a 5.25" floppy disk with a green label. It had one arcade game (Brick Out) and other family software, including strategy games like Reversi. The FriendlyWare PC Introductory Set was among the first games available for the PC. It was a best seller for three months with little competition. The FriendlyWare Arcade pack came on a floppy disk with a red label and contained eight additional arcade-style games. The BusinessWare release came with a blue label and contained simple business software.
FriendlyWare was published in 1983 by a company named Friendlysoft. Over 29,000 copies of the original FriendlyWare were eventually sold.
FriendlySoft
FriendlySoft was started by Michael Yaw, an investor who also owned several Domino's Pizza stores. The software was written by a team of four programmers; who were paid royalties on the sales. Development was completed on some of the earlier IBM PCs. One of these computers was a PC with an innovative CGA card (Color Graphics Adapter).
Cultural impact
FriendlyWare was briefly referenced in Homestar Runner's "Strong Bad Email #65", with a subsequent playthrough of a number of the games in "Disk 4 of 12 - FriendlyWare".
FriendlyWare was one of the first pieces of software to implement a boss key, a shortcut to obscure the nature of the software from superiors in the workplace, Enhancements to this feature were still noteworthy in 2014.
References
External links
FriendlyWare profile (provided by GameSpy)
DOS software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor%20of%20Software%20Engineering
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A Bachelor of Software Engineering Honours BSEHons is an undergraduate academic degree (Bachelor's Degree) awarded for completing a program of study in the field of software development for computers in information technology.
"Software Engineering is the systematic development and application of techniques which lead to the creation of correct and reliable computer software."
Topics covered
In following years a software engineering student will often have a much stronger focus on Software systems and data management. The inclusion of human factors in a software engineering degree has been heavily debated, arguing that products of software engineers often are too difficult to use by consumers.
Sample B.S. in Software Engineering Degree Information from the University of Virginia - Wise
Core SWE Requirements:
Introduction to Software Engineering
Software Requirements & Modeling
Software Design & Construction
Software Testing, Verification, and Validation
Software Quality Assurance
Software Project Management
Software Configuration Management
CS Requirements:
Fundamentals of Programming
Data Structures
Introduction to Algorithms
Operating Systems
Computer Architecture
Programming Languages
Human - Computer Interaction
Discrete Mathematics
Database Designing
Math Requirements:
Probability & Statistics
Calculus I
Calculus II
Calculus III
Linear Algebra
Boolean Algebra
General skills acquired through a Bachelor's degree course in Software Engineering
Employers generally seek applicants with strong programming, systems analysis and business skills.
"A large difference exists between the software engineering skills taught at a typical
university or college and the skills that are desired of a software engineer by a typical
software development organization. At the heart of this difference seems to be the way
software engineering is typically introduced to students: general theory is presented in a
series of lectures and put into (limited) practice in an associated class project."
Graduate prospects
Graduate prospects are projected to be excellent with the amount of software engineers in the industry estimated to rise by roughly 38% from 2006 to 2016, with total real wage in the industry increasing by an estimated 38.2%. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Job Outlook for Software engineers and Developers 2019-29 predicts only a 22% growth. After the crash of the dot-com bubble (1999–2001) and the Great Recession (2008), many U.S. software professions were left without work or with lower wages. In addition, enrollment in computer-related degrees and other STEM degrees (STEM attrition) in the US has been dropping for years, especially for women, which, according to Beaubouef and Mason could be attributed to a lack of general interest in science and mathematics and also out of an apparent fear that software will be subject to the same pressures as manufacturing and agriculture careers. The U.S. Bureau
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy%20Collins%20%28TV%20presenter%29
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Andrew 'Andy' Collins (born 4 July 1970) is a British television and radio personality.
Career
During the 1990s, Collins presented Game Over, a show on BSkyB's short-lived computer and technology channel .tv. In 1993, he won a Golden Joystick and a date with emcee Monie Love by winning a SNES Cool Spot challenge on Channel 4's GamesMaster.
In 2000, he co-presented "Lost in the Woods" as Novice to the survival Guru John "Brummie" Stokes, a 15 episodes show that aired on Discovery Travel & Living.
From September to December 2002, he presented the British daytime version of Family Fortunes taking over from Les Dennis, a show based on the United States TV show Family Feud. In 2005, he appeared on the chat show Heads Up with Richard Herring to discuss his life and career.
He also presents the breakfast show on BBC Three Counties Radio.
He also has been the compere and warm up man for shows such as
Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway and the award show on ITV National Television Awards
He is a regular star of Aylesbury Waterside Theatre's Christmas pantomime, usually playing the comedic sidekick character.
References
External links
The Paul O'Grady Show
Beck Theatre
British game show hosts
1970 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN%20opera
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A CNN opera is a contemporary opera taking news events as a theme or a classical opera transposed to a contemporary setting. The somewhat deprecatory term CNN opera alludes to Cable News Network, CNN.
Operas that have been referred to as a CNN opera include:
Nixon in China by John Adams
The Death of Klinghoffer, also by John Adams
X, The Life and Times of Malcolm X by Anthony Davis
Harvey Milk, composed by Stewart Wallace, libretto by Michael Korie
Perhaps because of his association with Adams and a record of modern transpositions, some of the output of director Peter Sellars has also been referred to as CNN opera.
References
Opera genres
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ephemeral%20Fantasia
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Ephemeral Fantasia, known in Japan as , is a 2000 role-playing video game developed by Konami Computer Entertainment Japan and published by Konami for the PlayStation 2. The game was released in Japan on August 10, 2000, in North America on July 9, 2001 and in Europe on September 7, 2001.
Gameplay
Ephemeral Fantasia features traditional role-playing video game turn-based battles, with a variety of playable characters and skills. Additionally, there is a guitar mini-game that can be played several times throughout the course of the story.
Plot
Ephemeral Fantasia is similar to The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask in that the story transpires over a constantly looping period of five days. This is caused by a time loop created by the main antagonist, Xelpherpolis. In order for the time loop to be halted, Mouse must travel through the same five days multiple times.
This game follows Mouse, who has been summoned by a powerful figure on a remote island to compose a song. Xelpherpolis invites Mouse to play at his wedding, no doubt because of his fame as an excellent musician. Of course, Xelpherpolis doesn't expect him to solve the mystery of the island and free its inhabitants.
Development
Ephemeral Fantasia was originally to be released on the Sega Dreamcast. An interview with development team member Makoto "M2" Moribe of Famitsu revealed that additional content planned for the Dreamcast version was cut when the game was moved to PS2.
Reception
The game received "generally unfavorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Francesca Reyes of NextGen said of the game, "Don't be fooled by the cute characters on the box promising console RPG goodness. You'll find none of that here. Keep moving."
References
External links
2000 video games
Cancelled Dreamcast games
Konami games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Role-playing video games
Video games about time loops
Video games developed in Japan
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