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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Professional%20Pilots%20Rumour%20Network
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The Professional Pilots Rumour Network, or PPRuNe, is an Internet forum catering to airline pilots and others in the aviation industry.
The site was originally presented by Danny Fyne (later assisted by Robin Lloyd) as an email list in 1993. It progressed to a bulletin board and then to web-based Internet forum, and acts as a "rumour exchange" for airline pilots.
PPRuNe is known in European and Anglophone pilot circles and is cited by media in reports relating to aviation.
Since the site has more than 250,000 registered members, many of them pilots, the site is sometimes at the center of debates about aviation issues in the news.
Commercial pilots often share insights and perspectives about aviation mishaps, sometimes eyewitness accounts.
The site was acquired in August 2008 by Internet Brands.
On March 22, 2012, a discussion was posted and stickied explaining any and all new discussions about Etihad Airways, its employees and practices, would be deleted; the discussion was closed right after, denying rights to understand why.
See also
List of Internet forums
References
External links
Internet forums
Aviation websites
Internet properties established in 1996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwest%20Pipeline
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Northwest Pipeline is a natural gas pipeline network which takes gas from western Canada and the Rocky Mountains via the Westcoast Pipeline and brings it into California, either through Gas Transmission Northwest or Kern River. A small amount of gas goes through the San Juan Basin to El Paso Natural Gas. It is owned by the Williams Companies. Its FERC code is 37.
Northwest Pipeline gathers from the Rockies and Canada. Its primary market is the Northwestern states. Its biggest market is the greater Seattle area.
References
External links
Pipeline Electronic Bulletin Board
Natural gas pipelines in Canada
Natural gas pipelines in the United States
Canada–United States relations
Natural gas pipelines in Washington (state)
Natural gas pipelines in Oregon
Natural gas pipelines in California
Transportation buildings and structures in Idaho
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicomp
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Unicomp is a manufacturer of computer keyboards and keyboard accessories, based in Lexington, Kentucky, United States.
History
In 1996, Lexmark International was prepared to shut down their Lexington keyboard factory where they produced Model M buckling-spring keyboards. IBM, their principal customer and the Model M's original designer and patent holder, had decided to remove the Model M from its product line in favor of cost-saving rubber-dome keyboards.
Rather than seeing its production come to an end, a group of former Lexmark and IBM employees purchased the license, tooling and design rights for buckling-spring technology, and, in April 1996, reestablished the business as Unicomp.
Since 1996, the tooling and molds that Unicomp had inherited from Lexmark began to wear out, leading to a gradual decline in build quality and finish. However, in 2020 Unicomp replaced its tooling leading to quality improvements. The company also began shipping new designs at this time.
Products
Unicomp's product line consists largely of modified designs based on late Model M keyboards produced by Lexmark.
The Classic 101 (formerly called the Customizer) is similar to one of IBM's late Model M variants and is built on the same tooling. The only changes to the Classic 101 compared to an original Model M are the logo, Windows keys, optional USB connectivity (as an alternative to PS/2), and the option for a black case with light gray or white keys (as an alternative to the classic "pearl" beige).
The Ultra Classic (formerly called the SpaceSaver) is a lighter, more compact version of the Classic. A variant of the Ultra Classic, still sold under its former name of SpaceSaver M, is designed for Macintosh computers.
The New Model M, a full-sized keyboard resembling an up-sized version of the Lexmark Space Saver design.
The Mini-M, a tenkeyless version with the lock lights moved from their traditional location above the now-absent numeric keypad to the top edge of the board above the F9-F12 keys.
The EnduraPro, is an Ultra Classic, except with a TrackPoint nub and 2 mouse buttons at the bottom inspired by the TrackPoints from ThinkPads.
The Classic Trackball, a Classic with a trackball and 2 mouse buttons right above the indicator lights. However, it is not currently being produced due to low demand.
The PC 122, a 122 key keyboard similar to the Classic, however with a rearranged layout and an extra set of function keys, and many keys moved to the left side of the keyboard, and the home key moved in the middle of the arrow keys.
Unicomp also offers a repair service along with replacement and custom parts for virtually all Model M and similar keyboards made by IBM, Lexmark, Maxi Switch, and Unicomp.
Gallery
See also
Keyboard technology
List of mechanical keyboards
References
External links
Review that includes company information
Unicomp featured on NPR
Companies established in 1996
Computer peripheral companies
Companies based in Lexington, Kentuck
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zobel
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Zobel may refer to:
Zobel, a mountain range in the Ethiopian district of Kobo
Zobel (surname), including a list of people with the name
Zobel network constant resistance networks invented by Otto Zobel
Zobel de Ayala family of the Philippines
A nickname of the De La Salle-Santiago Zobel School in Muntinlupa, Philippines, named after a member of the Zobel de Ayala family.
The German name for sable
The German Zobel-class fast attack craft
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Rowe
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Jessica June Rowe (born 22 June 1970) is an Australian former journalist, author and television presenter. She was the co-host of Studio 10 on Network Ten until March 2018, and is Member of the Order of Australia for her mental health advocacy.
Early life
Rowe attended Sydney Girls High School and Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, completing a Bachelor of Arts in 1993. During her studies she was a broadcaster with on-campus community radio station 2MCE-FM. Rowe later graduated from the University of Sydney with a Master of International Studies degree in 2003.
Career
1996–2005: Ten News at Five and The Best of Times, The Worst of Times
Rowe started work at the Nine Network as a receptionist and later as a weather presenter for Prime7. In 1996 she began working as a news presenter for Network Ten. She presented Ten Sydney's Ten News at Five bulletin alongside Ron Wilson. Rowe finished her hosting duties at Network Ten in 2005.
In October 2005, Rowe published her first book; The Best of Times, The Worst of Times (Allen & Unwin), a recollection of her experiences of her mother's battle with bipolar disorder. The book was co-written by Rowe's mother, Penelope Rowe.
2006–2008: Today and move to the Seven Network
In 2006, Rowe joined the Nine Network to host the Today breakfast show, alongside Karl Stefanovic, replacing Tracy Grimshaw. Network Ten pursued legal action over Rowe's defection to the Nine Network, citing a clause within Network Ten's contract that prevented her from working with a competing broadcaster until June 2006. The case was dismissed by the Supreme Court on 30 December 2005, allowing Rowe to debut on Today on 30 January 2006.
Her arrival at Today was met with initial criticism, including "on-air giggling, absence of serious journalistic credentials and lack of chemistry with co-host Karl Stefanovic". Rowe was also criticised over an on-air gaffe involving Brigadier Michael Slater, which revealed during a live cross that the interview from Dili, East Timor, was being stage managed when Rowe tried to use old looting and violence footage, even though Slater told her it was a "couple of days old".
During this time Nine Network CEO Eddie McGuire made a public statement in June 2006 stating that the claims Rowe was to be "sacked" were part of "a malicious and unprecedented vilification campaign" This followed the sworn evidence in an affidavit from Nine Network's former head of news, Mark Llewellyn, that McGuire had threatened to "bone" Rowe during a meeting with executives.
On 6 May 2007, Rowe left the Nine Network due to "payment disputes" after her return from maternity leave.
In 2007, Rowe returned to TV and joined the Seven Network as a news presenter for Seven News in Sydney. She was also announced as a cast member on the seventh series of Dancing with the Stars alongside Patti Newton and Mark Beretta. Rowe finished seventh place on the show.
2009–2012: Weekend Sunrise
In December 2010, Rowe was appointed news present
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20hack
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A life hack (or life hacking) is any trick, shortcut, skill, or novelty method that increases productivity and efficiency, in all walks of life. The term was primarily used by computer experts who suffer from information overload or those with a playful curiosity in the ways they can accelerate their workflow in ways other than programming.
History
The original definition of the term "hack" is "to cut with rough or heavy blows". In the modern vernacular it has often been used to describe an inelegant but effective solution to a specific computing problem, such as quick-and-dirty shell scripts and other command line utilities that filtered, munged and processed data streams like e-mail and RSS feeds. The term was later extended to life hack, in reference to a solution to a problem unrelated to computers that might occur in a programmer's everyday life. Examples of these types of life hacks might include utilities to synchronize files, track tasks, remind oneself of events, or filter e-mail.
Popularization
The term life hack was coined in 2004 during the O'Reilly Emerging Technology Conference in San Diego, California by technology journalist Danny O'Brien to describe the "embarrassing" scripts and shortcuts productive IT professionals use to get their work done.
O'Brien and blogger Merlin Mann later co-presented a session called "Life Hacks Live" at the 2005 O'Reilly Emerging Technology conference. The two also co-author a column entitled "Life Hacks" for O'Reilly's Make magazine which debuted in February 2005.
The American Dialect Society voted lifehack (one word) as the runner-up for "most useful word of 2005" behind podcast. The word was also added to the Oxford Dictionaries Online in June 2011.
See also
Kitchen hack
Jugaad
Kludge
Urawaza
Self-help
MacGyverisms
References
External links
Other examples of anti-technology life-hacks? | Ask MetaFilter
Life Hacks talk from Danny O'Brien's Oblomovka
Hacker culture
Life skills
Do it yourself
Personal life
2000s neologisms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsung%20Display
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Samsung Display (Hangul: 삼성디스플레이) ) is a company selling display devices with OLED and QD-OLED technology. Display markets include smartphones, TVs, laptops, computer monitors, smartwatches, VR, game consoles, and automotive applications.
Headquartered in South Korea, Samsung Display has production plants in China, Vietnam, and India, and operates sales offices in six countries. Samsung Display enabled the first mass-production of OLED and quantum dot display and aims to develop next-generation technology such as slidable, rollable and stretchable panels.
As the LCD business spun off from Samsung Electronics, Samsung Display Corporation was established on April 1, 2012. The company launched on July 1 by merging Samsung Electronics’ LCD business, S-LCD Corporation(manufacturer of amorphous TFT LCD panels) and Samsung Mobile Display(Samsung’s OLED arm). By combining the OLED and LCD businesses, Samsung Display became the world's largest display company.
History
January 1991: Samsung Electronics launched TFT-LCD business
February 1995: Operated TFT-LCD line for the first time domestically
November 2003: Invested for 4.5 generation AMOLED mass-production for the first time in the world
July 2004: A joint venture S-LCD Corporation between Samsung Electronics and Sony Corporation was established.
April 2005: S-LCD begins shipment of seventh-generation TFT LCD panels for LCD TVs.
August 2007: S-LCD begins shipment of eighth-generation TFT LCD panels for LCD TVs.
October 2007: Started to mass produce AMOLED for the first time in the world
March 2009: Exceed production of AMOLED one million monthly
December 2011: The company's partners announce that Samsung will acquire Sony's entire stake in the joint venture, making S-LCD Corporation a wholly owned subsidiary of Samsung Electronics.
July 1, 2012: S-LCD and Samsung Mobile Display merge to create Samsung Display
August 2014: Samsung Display mass-produced the world’s first curved edge display panel, featured in the Galaxy Note Edge
September 2015: Mass-produced circular OLED for smartwatches
July 2016: World’s first mass-production of embedded Y-OCTA
April 2019: Samsung Display mass-produced and commercialized foldable display
April 2021: Samsung Display's LCD factory in Suzhou, China is sold to TCL Technology's China Star Optoelectronics Technology.
November 2021: Samsung Display started to produce QD-OLED display
January 4, 2022: Sony announces its A95K television that uses Samsung Display's QD-OLED panels.
March 17, 2022: Samsung Electronics announces its S95B television that uses Samsung Display's QD-OLED panels.
June 2022: Samsung Display terminates its LCD business. Samsung Display sold its LCD patents to TCL Technology's China Star Optoelectronics Technology.
Company Agent
CEO Joo Sun Choi (최주선)
References
Samsung subsidiaries
Display technology companies
Electronics companies of South Korea
Technology companies of South Korea
South Korean brands
South Korean companies established in 2012
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compaq%20LTE
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The LTE was a line of notebook-sized laptops manufactured by Compaq, introduced in 1989 and discontinued in 1997. The first models, the LTE and LTE/286, were among the first computers to be close to the size of a paper notebook, spurring the use of the term "notebook" to describe a smaller laptop, and earned a notable place in laptop history. They were also among the first notebooks to include both a built-in hard disk drive and a floppy disk drive. Later models—including the LTE/386s, LTE Lite, LTE Elite, and LTE 5000 series—offered optional docking stations, providing performance comparable to then-current desktop machines.
Models
Notes
Docking stations
The LTE range was marketed as a desktop replacement; with its docking options, it allowed peripherals to be permanently connected. The LTE laptop would be simply removed from the docking station to be used on the go and then docked to use in the office.
There were different docking station options for the differing LTE models.
Notes
See also
NEC UltraLite
References
External links
Article describing original LTE/286
Compaq LTE Owners Facebook Enthusiasts Group
X86 Compaq computers
LTE
Computer-related introductions in 1989
Business laptops
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grameen%20Foundation
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Grameen Foundation, founded as Grameen Foundation USA, also known as "GFUSA", is a global 501(c)(3) non-profit organization based in Washington, DC, that uses digital technology and data to understand very poor people, in detail, and offer them—and the entire ecosystem of agencies and actors surrounding them—empowering tools that meet and elevate their everyday realities. Its CEO is Zubaida Bai. Grameen Foundation's mission is, "To enable the poor, especially women, to create a world without poverty and hunger." According to the OECD, Grameen Foundation’s financing for 2019 development increased by 33% to US$45.5 million.
It is separate from organizations called "Grameen Foundation" in different countries, such as Grameen Foundation Australia.
History
The Grameen Foundation was founded by author and independent consultant to nonprofit organizations Alex Counts in 1997. He established the foundation with $6,000 in seed funding from Muhammad Yunus. The mission was to facilitate the expansion of banks modeled after the Grameen Bank beyond the borders of Bangladesh and increase the access of poor people to microfinance by millions worldwide. After 18 years, he resigned from his position as president and CEO in 2015. He was replaced by former executive vice president for global programs David Edelstein.
Nobel-prize winner Professor Muhammad Yunus is founder and managing director of Grameen Bank, sat on the Board of Directors for 12 years and is now a director emeritus. Immediate past chairs of the board are Paul Maritz, formerly CEO of VMWare and formerly a senior executive at Microsoft, and Robert Eichfeld, a retired executive at Citibank. The current chair of the board is Peter Cowhey, the UC San Diego Interim Executive Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs, Qualcomm Endowed Chair in Communications and Technology Policy, and the dean of the School of Global Policy and Strategy.
Programs
Grameen Foundation leverages their expertise in digital technology and data to understand very poor people, especially women and girls, and offer them—and the entire ecosystem of agencies and actors surrounding them—tools that allow them to show up with their full power to end poverty and hunger.
Working with local and global allies, Grameen Foundation also develops and distributes mobile phone-based applications to help the poor to better manage:
Their health, through such programs as the Mobile Technology for Community Health (MOTECH) initiative in Ghana
Their crops, through such programs as the Community Knowledge Worker initiative in Uganda
Their finances, though such programs as the Mobile Money initiative in Uganda
Grameen Foundation forayed into open source core banking systems by launching the website mifosx. The Mifos project was formally launched by Grameen Foundation in 2006.
References
Further reading
Measuring the Impact of Microfinance: Taking Another Look; Kathleen Odell, June 2010.
Measuring the Impact of Microfinance: Taking Stock o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technical
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Technical may refer to:
Technical (vehicle), an improvised fighting vehicle
Technical analysis, a discipline for forecasting the future direction of prices through the study of past market data
Technical drawing, showing how something is constructed or functions (also known as drafting)
Technical file, a set of technical drawings
Technical death metal, a subgenre of death metal that focuses on complex rhythms, riffs, and song structures
Technical foul, an infraction of the rules in basketball usually concerning unsportsmanlike non-contact behavior
Technical geography, one of the main branches of geography
Technical rehearsal for a performance, often simply referred to as a technical
Technical support, a range of services providing assistance with technology products
Vocational education, often known as technical education
Legal technicality, an aspect of law
See also
Lego Technic, a line of Lego toys
Tech (disambiguation)
Technicals (disambiguation)
Technics (disambiguation)
Technique (disambiguation)
Technology (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IML
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IML may refer to:
Computing
Interactive matrix language, a part of SAS (software)
Initial Microprogram Load, reloading Microcode into a Writable Control Store (WCS)
Integrated Management Log, a server technology of Hewlett-Packard
Other uses
In-mould labelling, a plastic production process
Instituti i Mjekësisë Ligjore, an Albanian institute of forensics
Intermediolateral nucleus, a part of the spinal cord
IML Walking Association, promotes non competitive walking events
International Mr. Leather, a fetish convention
International Ms. Leather, a fetish convention
International Monarchist League, a political organisation
One of various Institutes of Modern Languages
Information and media literacy, the skill that helps people form and share informed judgements while working with information and media
Investors Mutual Limited, an Australian asset management limited company
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Click%20%28game%20show%29
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Click is an American television game show based around computers and the then-relatively novel medium of the Internet. The youth-oriented series was created by Merv Griffin and hosted by Ryan Seacrest, with a female co-host who also served as announcer: Amber Bonasso in Season 1, and Amber Willenborg in Season 2.
It aired in syndication from September 6, 1997, to August 1999, and reruns aired for several years thereafter on Game Show Network.
Gameplay
Three teams (green, red, and yellow) of two teenagers played three rounds, referred on air as "Levels", where the aim was to answer questions worth varying amounts of money.
In each level, the contestants stood at podiums facing a large video wall (which acts as a computer), each screen of that wall had an icon with a symbol representing a category on it. A flashing cursor bounces around the board and stops when someone "clicks the mouse" (pushing down a large red button in the center of the podium at the central station) A question is then read, and teams earned cash for correct answers.
Two main categories (called "Stations") were featured in the first season; regular knowledge categories were answered at "The Motherboard", the station where teams played the game. The Hard Drive station was added in Season Two and was where the regular knowledge categories were answered. "The Motherboard" was only used for clicking the mouse on one of the three stations.
Website
Possible topics included:
E-Mail—identifying a famous person who wrote a fictional e-mail. Moved to Chat Room for season two.
Click Pix—A picture clue was given for a question.
Click Video—A video clue was given to the question.
Sound Bytes—Audio clues were used for questions.
Home Page—Identifying a topic from a series of clues, grouped into a "home page" format. Added during the second season.
Word Wizard/Chat Room
Topics included:
Spell Check choosing the correct spelling among a choice of three, during season two this was changed to searching for a misspelled word in a sentence.
Dictionary—Choosing the answer that best fits the definition of a given word, among a choice of three. The Dictionary was moved to the Hard Drive in season 2 and had four choices.
Funetics—Identifying license plate-type puzzles, or a word spelled phonetically. Used in season one only.
Instant Message—Identifying who is online, via a fictional instant message. Also added during the second season.
Hard Drive (Season Two only)
Topics included:
Health
Science
Landmarks
Language
Literature
Food
Nature
Politics
Headlines
College
Music
Math
Animals
History—Could be U.S. History
Dictionary
TV and Film
Religion
Culture
Geography
Note: These general knowledge categories were asked at the motherboard during the first season.
Rounds
Level One
Each team takes turns facing the computer. They each have 60 (originally 90) seconds to answer as many questions as possible. The value of the questions are $25, $50, $75 or $100. One icon on t
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQLObject
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SQLObject is a Python object-relational mapper between a SQL database and Python objects. It is experiencing community popularity, and forms a part of many applications (e.g., TurboGears). It is very similar to Ruby on Rails' ActiveRecord in operation in that it uses class definitions to form table schemas, and utilizes the language's reflection and dynamism to be useful.
SQLObject supports a number of common database backends: included in the distribution are MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, Sybase SQL Server, MaxDB, Microsoft SQL Server and Firebird.
The first version of SQLObject was publicly released in October 2002.
See also
TurboGears
SQLAlchemy
Storm
References
External links
Object–relational mapping
Python (programming language) libraries
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ad%20Age
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Ad Age (known as Advertising Age until 2017) is a global media brand that publishes news, analysis, and data on marketing and media. Its namesake magazine was started as a broadsheet newspaper in Chicago in 1930. Ad Age appears in multiple formats, including its website, daily email newsletters, social channels, events and a bimonthly print magazine.
Ad Age is based in New York City. Its parent company, the Detroit-based Crain Communications, is a privately held publishing company with more than 30 magazines, including Autoweek, Crain's New York Business, Crain's Chicago Business, Crain's Detroit Business, and Automotive News.
History
Advertising Age launched as a broadsheet newspaper in Chicago in 1930. Its first editor was Sid Bernstein.
The site AdCritic.com was acquired by The Ad Age Group in March 2002.
In 2004, Advertising Age acquired American Demographics magazine.
In 2007 Ad Age acquired the Thoddands Power 150, which is a top marketing blogs list.
An industry trade magazine, BtoB, was folded into Advertising Age in January 2014.
In 2017, the magazine shortened its name to Ad Age.
Recognition
Ad Age, which The New York Times in 2014 called "the largest publication in the ad trade field" published in 1999 a list of the top 100 players in advertising history. Among these were Alvin Achenbaum, Bill Backer, Marion Harper Jr., Mary Wells Lawrence, ACNielsen, David Ogilvy, and J. Walter Thompson.
In 1980, Henderson Advertising, founded 1946 by James M. Henderson in Greenville, South Carolina, became the first agency outside New York or Chicago to be named Advertising Age's "Advertising Agency of the Year".
Creativity 50
Since 2016, Ad Age has been running an annual award called Creativity 50 honoring the 50 most creative people in the advertising, marketing, technology and entertainment industries, in addition to top creative campaigns and the most innovative advertising. Past winners have also included entertainers such as Beyonce, David Bowie, Sia, Dwayne Johnson, James Corden, Donald Glover, Stephen Colbert and author Kelly Oxford.
Controversy
Thirty years after Ad Age's "Guns must go!" headline, on an editorial in response to the 1968 assassination of Robert F. Kennedy, the periodical's founder's eldest son wrote "Nothing Ad Age has done before or since has provoked a bigger response." There were "cancel my subscription" responses to what was described as "It is the first time I have ever seen Advertising Age step out of their field. ... What's more, it is not terribly becoming."
See also
Adweek
References
External links
Advertising Age brand page on Crain Communications website
Business magazines published in the United States
Weekly magazines published in the United States
Magazines about advertising
Magazines established in 1930
Magazines published in Detroit
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer%20Literacy%20Bookshops
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Computer Literacy Bookshops was a local chain of bookstores selling primarily technical-oriented books in Northern California. It was founded in 1983 in Sunnyvale, California, where its concentration in technical books fit well with its Silicon Valley customer base.
Computer Literacy was acquired by CBooks Express in 1997, and after going public traded as fatbrain.com, selling books both online and in brick-and-mortar stores. Fatbrain was acquired by Barnes & Noble in 2000, which absorbed the company into its main enterprise, and shut down the physical stores the following year.
History
The first Computer Literacy Bookshop was opened in March 1983 on Lawrence Expressway between Lakeside Drive and Titan Way in Sunnyvale, California, by founders Dan Doernberg and Rachel Unkefer. It was located in the heart of Silicon Valley, not far from where the original Fry's Electronics store opened two years later. In 1987 the company opened two additional stores: one on North First Street in San Jose and another in the TechMart complex near Great America in Santa Clara. The San Jose store was probably the largest computer bookstore in America, with over 14,000 square feet of floorspace dedicated to new computer books. The TechMart store subsequently relocated to the headquarters of Apple Computer, Inc. at One Infinite Loop in Cupertino.
The store not only sold books and periodicals but displayed galley pre-prints for skimming and editing, held author and guest engineer speaking events such as Gene Amdahl or Donald Knuth.
In 1993, the only East Coast location was opened in the Tysons Corner area of suburban Washington, DC to make a total of four bricks-and-mortar locations. On August 25, 1991, the company registered the domain name clbooks.com and began taking book orders from customers worldwide via email. Their UUCP hostname was clb_books.
Acquisition by CBooks Express
In 1995, Chris MacAskill and Kim Orumchian started an online bookstore called CBooks Express, specializing in computer-related books. The domain for CBooks Express was cbooks.com. Computer Literacy Bookstores moved to sue CBooks Express for trademark infringement. Instead, the young company acquired Computer Literacy Bookshops in 1997. The combined company became ComputerLiteracy.com, and it went public in 1998.
Fatbrain
Soon after going public the company was renamed Fatbrain.com (NASDAQ FATB) after a six-month process to come up with a new name. Company executives worked with branding specialists Interbrand Group; but eventually a name suggested by the company's editorial director, Deborah Bohn, was chosen. Along with the new name, a new logo (an emoticon: {*}) and slogan were introduced.
and MightyWords
In the summer of 1999 Fatbrain started selling electronic documents under the brand. This was eventually spun off as a new company called MightyWords.
Acquisition by Barnes & Noble
Fatbrain.com was acquired and absorbed by Barnes & Noble, the large bookstore chain, in Nove
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20user
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A power user is a user of computers, software and other electronic devices, who uses advanced features of computer hardware, operating systems, programs, or websites which are not used by the average user. A power user might not have extensive technical knowledge of the systems they use but is rather characterized by competence or desire to make the most intensive use of computer programs or systems.
In enterprise software systems, "Power User" may be a formal role given to an individual who is not a programmer, but who is a specialist in business software. Often these are people who retain their normal user job role but also function in testing, training, and first-tier support of the enterprise software.
Some software applications are regarded as particularly suited for power users and may be designed as such. Examples include VLC media player, a multimedia framework, player, and server, which includes complex features not found in other media player suites.
Interface design issues
Usage intensity
User testing for software often focuses on inexperienced or regular users. Power users can require different user interface elements compared to regular and minimal users, as they may need less help and fewer cues. A power user might use a program full-time, compared to a casual or occasional user, and thus a program which caters to power users will typically include features that make the interface easier for experts to use, even if these features might be mystifying to beginners.
Shortcuts
A typical example is extensive keybindings, like Ctrl+F or Alt+Enter; having keyboard bindings and shortcuts for many functions is a hallmark of power-user centric software design, as it enables users who put forth more effort to learn the shortcuts to operate the program quickly without removing their hands from the keyboard. Power users typically want to operate the software with few interactions, or as fast as possible, and also be able to perform tasks in a precise, exactly-reproducible way, where casual users may be happy if the program can be intuitively made to do approximately what they wanted. To aid in the automation of repetitive tasks during heavy usage, power-user centric interfaces often provide the ability to compose macros, and program functions may be pre-conceived to with the intention that they will be used programmatically in scripting.
Power users vs. minimalists
Interface design may have to make trade-offs between confusing beginners and minimalists versus annoying experts or power users. These concerns may overlap partially with the blinking twelve problem, in which a complex user interface causes users to avoid certain features. It may be extremely difficult to both appeal to new users, who want user interfaces to be intuitive, and experts, who want power and flexibility.
However, there are solutions for these problems, such as:
Product variations
Operation modes
More advanced features, options and settings logically separated
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End%20of%20interrupt
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An end of interrupt (EOI) is a computing signal sent to a programmable interrupt controller (PIC) to indicate the completion of interrupt processing for a given interrupt. Interrupts are used to facilitate hardware signals sent to the processor that temporarily stop a running program and allow a special program, an interrupt handler, to run instead. An EOI is used to cause a PIC to clear the corresponding bit in the in-service register (ISR), and thus allow more interrupt requests (IRQs) of equal or lower priority to be generated by the PIC.
EOIs may indicate the interrupt vector implicitly or explicitly. An explicit EOI vector is indicated with the EOI, whereas an implicit EOI vector will typically use a vector as indicated by the PICs priority schema, for example the highest vector in the ISR. Also, EOIs may be sent at the end of interrupt processing by an interrupt handler, or the operation of a PIC may be set to auto-EOI at the start of the interrupt handler.
See also
Intel 8259 – notable PIC from Intel
Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)
OpenPIC and IBM MPIC
Inter-processor interrupt (IPI)
Interrupt latency
Non-maskable interrupt (NMI)
IRQL (Windows)
References
Interrupts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Nomads
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Project Nomads is a 2002 computer game by Radon Labs released for Windows and macOS. It is set on the fictional planet Aeres, a world of floating islands which are the remnants of the planet from before it exploded. Few surviving inhabitants settle on drifting fragments of Aeres following its explosion. The player character is a nomad tasked with wandering across these islands, discovering mysterious artifacts and exploring the ruins of the long-dead race of Master Builders, a group of highly skilled and influential characters within the game's world. These characters possess exceptional knowledge and expertise in constructing and manipulating the floating islands that make up the game's environment. The only place to fall to is the Sea of Flames, the utmost depth of this new world.
Gameplay
The majority of the game is spent on the player's floating island. At the beginning of the game the island sports only a single control tower, which is used to navigate. Throughout the course of the game, players can upgrade their island by building various structures ranging from defensive cannons to power plants that supply energy.
Structures are created with the help of Artifacts, magical remnants of an ancient era. Artifacts can be found throughout the game. While often hidden to a varying degree, these may also be granted through interaction with NPCs. When activated, an artifact quickly deploys into a building.
Artifacts may be either red or blue. Both are used to create buildings; red artifacts are lost on a building's destruction, but blue artifacts will reappear in place of the destroyed structure. Multiple artifacts of the same type can be combined to create an upgraded, more powerful version. For instance, two defensive turret artifacts, when combined, will unfurl into a level two defensive turret, which, unlike a level one turret, will engage with enemies automatically. Combining artifacts of level two will yield a level three defensive turret, sporting dual cannons with increased damage output.
To build, the player selects an artifact and then selects the part of the island where the structure will be placed (certain structures, such as hangars, are limited to certain spots on the island). Also, a building cannot be created if the player's character is standing in the way. The island has energy which is used for things like construction, or operating buildings on the island such as the gun towers, or repairs. The island also has health, which is represented by the state of a player's lighthouse. If the island's health is low, and the player cannot repair the lighthouse in time, the island will collapse and plummet.
The island structures will be different depending on the character chosen by the player. The structures used by the character Susie, for example, look similar to plants (e.g. gun tower resembles a mushroom). Goliath's buildings, however, have a more futuristic or high-tech (this gun tower has the aesthetic of a more traditional
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi%20Republic%20Railways
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Iraqi Republic Railways Company (IRR; ) is the national railway operator in Iraq.
Network
IRR comprises of . IRR has one international interchange, with Chemins de Fer Syriens (CFS) at Rabiya. The system runs from Rabiya southward through Mosul, Baiji, and Baghdad to Basra, with a branch line from Shouaiba Junction (near Basra) to the ports of Khor Az Zubair and Umm Qasr, westward from Baghdad through Ramadi and Haqlaniya to Al Qaim and Husayba, with a branch line from Al Qaim to Akashat, and east-west from Haqlaniya through Bayji to Kirkuk.
History
The first section of railway in what was then the Ottoman Empire province of Mesopotamia was a length of the Baghdad Railway between that city & Samarra opened in 1914. Work had started northwards from Baghdad with the aim of meeting the section being constructed across Turkey and Syria to Tel Kotchek and an extension northwards from Samarra to Baiji was opened in December 1918.
From 1916 onwards an invading British Military force brought narrow gauge equipment, firstly gauge and later gauge from India to Southern Mesopotamia to construct various sections of line to support its offensive against the Turks. Britain defeated the Ottomans and Mesopotamia became a League of Nations mandate under British administration. In April 1920 the British military authorities transferred all railways to a British civilian administration, Mesopotamian Railways.
The metre gauge line from Basra to Nasiriyah was the most important section constructed during the war in terms of its significance as part of later efforts to construct a national railway network. Soon after the end of World War I this was extended northwards from Ur Junction outside Nasiriyah up the Euphrates valley with the complete Basra to Baghdad route being opened on 16 January 1920.
The other section of metre gauge line built during World War I that had ongoing significance was that from Baghdad East north eastwards to the Persian border. After the war the eastern end of this line was diverted to Khanaqin and the wartime built line north west from Jalula Junction was extended from Kingerban to Kirkuk in 1925.
In 1932 Iraq became independent from the UK. In March 1936 the UK sold Mesopotamian Railways to Iraq, which renamed the company Iraqi State Railways. Work resumed on the extension of the Baghdad Railway between Tel Kotchek on the Syrian frontier and Baiji. The through route was opened and completed on 15 July 1940. In 1941 the Iraqi State Railways PC class 4-6-2 steam locomotives were introduced to haul the Baghdad — Istanbul Taurus Express on the Baghdad Railway between Baghdad and Tel Kotchek. From 1941 onwards the UK War Department supplemented ISR's locomotive fleets: the metre gauge with HG class 4-6-0s requisitioned from India and new USATC S118 Class 2-8-2's from the US, and the standard gauge with new LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0s and USATC S100 Class 0-6-0T's.
In 1947 the Iraq Petroleum Company opened a branch at Kirkuk, which i
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D-Calc
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3D-Calc is a 3-dimensional spreadsheet program for the Atari ST computer. The first version of the program was released in April 1989 and was distributed by ISTARI bvba, Ghent, Belgium.
History
Starting May 1991, the English version was distributed by MichTron/Microdeal, Cornwall, UK.
In January 1992, version 2.3 of the program was licensed to Atari Corp., who released Dutch and French translations.
In 1994, version 3 of 3D-Calc (renamed 3D-Calc+) was licensed to the UK magazine ST Applications.
Today, 3D-Calc software is Freeware ("Public domain without source code") and can be downloaded freely.
In 1992–1993, it was ported to MS-DOS to serve as the basis of a new statistics software package MedCalc.
Features and reception
The spreadsheet contains 13 pages of 2048 rows and 256 columns. Cells of different pages could be cross-referenced. 3D Calc offers GEM based user interface with icons, menus and function keys and users can work on three spreadsheets at the same time with up to three GEM windows for each. The application supports on-screen help via the "?" menu and can import data from Lotus 1-2-3 (with some limitations).
The program includes an integrated scripting language, and an integrated text module with a data import feature from the spreadsheet, allowing formatted data output, mailmerge, label printing etc.
Peter Crush writing for the ST Format and ST Applications magazines commended 3D Calc for rich features including easy to use graph generation, but criticized no support for colours.
References
1989 software
Spreadsheet software
Atari ST software
Freeware
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBC%201012
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The DBC/1012 Data Base Computer was a database machine introduced by Teradata Corporation in 1984, as a back-end data base management system for mainframe computers.
The DBC/1012 harnessed multiple Intel microprocessors, each with its own dedicated disk drive, by interconnecting them with the Ynet switching network in a massively parallel processing system.
The DBC/1012 was designed to manage databases up to one terabyte (1,000,000,000,000 characters) in size; "1012" in the name refers to "10 to the power of 12".
Major components included:
Mainframe-resident software to manage users and transfer data
Interface processor (IFP) - the hardware connection between the mainframe and the DBC/1012
Ynet - a custom-built system interconnect that supported broadcast and sorting
Access module processor (AMP) - the unit of parallelism: includes microprocessor, disk drive, file system, and database software
System console and printer
TEQUEL (TEradata QUEry Language) - an extension of SQL
The DBC/1012 was designed to scale up to 1024 Ynet interconnected processor-disk units. Rows of a relation (table) were distributed by hashing on the primary database index.
The DBC/1012 used a 474 megabyte Winchester disk drive with an average seek time of 18 milliseconds. The disk drive was capable of transferring data at 1.9 MB/s although in practice the sustainable data rate was lower because the IO pattern tended towards random access and transfer lengths of 8 to 12 kilobytes.
The processor cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 450 pounds, and held up to 8 microprocessor units.
The storage cabinet was 60 inches high and 27 inches wide, weighed 625 pounds, and held up to 4 disk storage units.
The DBC/1012 preceded the advent of redundant array of independent disks (RAID) technology, so data protection was provided by the "fallback" feature, which kept a logical copy of rows of a relation on different AMPs. The collection of AMPs that provided this protection for each other was called a cluster. A cluster could have from 2 to 16 AMPs.
The product could be integrated with optical disc drives. There were at least four models, marketed through about 1993.
References
Mainframe computers
Teradata
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-D%20Ultra%20Pinball
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3-D Ultra Pinball is a series of pinball computer games developed by Sierra Entertainment's Dynamix.
The games try to escape from the traditional, arcade pinball and feature animation, more than one table at once,
and "temporary targets" (such as spaceships, goblins and dinosaurs appearing throughout the table).
3-D Ultra Pinball
The original 3-D Ultra Pinball game was released in 1995. This game is based on the space simulation game, Outpost. There are three tables named Colony, Command Post, and Mine. Each table holds a set of five challenges. Smaller "mini-tables" are featured with their own set of flippers. The goal is to build and launch a Starship completing the game's entire course.
3-D Ultra Pinball: Creep Night
The second game, Creep Night (1996) had a horror film set, and 3 different tables (and after finishing all challenges in a table, the player could travel to the other ones):
Castle, fragmented in town, castle area and graveyard. Its challenges are Zombies, Goblins, Runaway (a goblin riding an ATV runs through the table), Vortex (multi-ball, in which the player must shoot in the vortex) and Wraith (a female magnetic ghost tries to capture the ball).
Tower, a mad scientist lab. The challenges are: Rat, Energy Gate (similar to Vortex, but "single-balled"), Beast, Goblin, and Dynamo. After finishing all 5 challenges, the "Frankenstein monster" revives and is needed to hit him 5 times.
Dungeon. The Challenges are: Gobbler (a ghost chases the ball to eat it), Spiders, Dimension Door (if hit, activates a "Simon"-like game), Trapdoor (similar to "Vortex") and Skeleton Escape (six skeletons come out of the cells for you to hit). Like in Tower, after beating them a Catapult appears, and the player must have to hit it some times.
After finishing all the 3 tables, comes a changed Castle table, with 5 new challenges.
This was also released with several demos of other software titles also by Sierra Online.
3-D Ultra Pinball: Creep Night received a score of 3 out of 5 from MacUser.
3-D Ultra Pinball: The Lost Continent
Lost Continent (1997) had a Jurassic Park-like set. It followed a storyline, in which a plane falls on an island where an evil genius, Heckla, has created dinosaurs of other animals and the cavemen who live there. Professor Spector, his assistant Mary, and adventurer Rex Hunter try to escape back to the modern world, rescue Neeka (a tribal woman) and stop Heckla and his army of robots.
It has no challenges but features 16 tables, divided in 3 "sectors": Jungle, Temple and Chambers (Heckla's Lab).
3-D Ultra NASCAR Pinball
As the title reads, it is a NASCAR-themed pinball, released in 1998.
The game only has 3 fields: garage, track and pitstop.
It features several famous NASCAR drivers like Dale Earnhart and Bobby Labonte as playable characters, but the choice affects only audio commentaries and field decorations.
3-D Ultra Pinball Power
Power (1999) was a compilation released in 1999, featuring the first game, Creep
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Universe
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Digital Universe was a free online information service founded in 2006. The project aimed to create a "network of portals designed to provide high-quality information and services to the public". Subject matter experts were to have been responsible for reviewing and approving content; contributors were to have been both experts (researchers, scholars, educators) and the public.
The project was founded in 2005 by Joe Firmage, CEO of ManyOne, with Bernard Haisch as the president. It launched in early 2006. Larry Sanger was a director, and helped with the launch of the project's Encyclopedia of Earth. Sanger left in late 2006 to launch Citizendium. As of 2019, the website was nonfunctional.
Characteristics
Goals
In December 2005, when the project was announced, the founders' goal was to create a worldwide network of researchers, scholars, and educators, to become "the PBS of the Web."
While the public will be invited to contribute to some articles in the Digital Universe encyclopedia, they will be supervised by "stewards" whose role is to guarantee quality and accuracy of the articles. In addition, parts of the Digital Universe will be editable only by credentialed experts.
Multi-tiered system
The expert wiki, is expected to be written and managed by experts.
The public wiki, will be editable by members of the educated public. However, according to Sanger, only registered users who have provided their real names will be permitted to edit this wiki. According to Sanger, an article rating system will be used for articles in the public wiki.
Some of the 3-D graphical interface features will require the use of a Mozilla-based browser developed by ManyOne Networks, which they say will be made available free of charge.
Some content will be available only to ManyOne subscribers.
Content
Around 2000 content pages existed as of August 2007. The Digital Universe claims the following featured portals: Earth, Energy, The Arctic, Texas Environment, U.S. Government, and Salton Sea. The Salton Sea portal for example contains the following pages: Hydrology, Biology, Limnology, Ecological Issues, Values, Geography, Alternatives, and Cultural History.
The Earth portal is working on an Encyclopedia of Earth (EoE), which will focus on the natural environment and its interaction with society. It will limit editing privileges to experts, by attributing all edits to their authors, by changes being published publicly only after approval and by using an expert-developed taxonomy for articles.
EoE will use two parallel wikis, one "Stewarded", one "Public". The Stewarded wiki will be open only to "recognized scientific authorities" after their credentials have been reviewed. The EoE runs MediaWiki wiki software. EoE is to use the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 2.5 for its license. Over 400 articles had been written by experts by January 2006.
In May 2006 it was reported that the EoE was due to be launched in June 2006. A July 2006 article reported that
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MochiKit
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MochiKit is a light-weight JavaScript library written and maintained by Bob Ippolito.
Inspired by the Python networking framework, Twisted, it uses the concept of deferred execution to allow asynchronous behaviour. This has made it useful in the development of interactive web pages which maintain a dialog with the web server, sometimes called Ajax applications.
Of particular note is its ability to load and manipulate JSON-encoded data sets, and MochiKit.DOM, a set of functions to easily create dynamic page components.
MochiKit forms the foundation of the client-side functionality of the TurboGears Python web-application stack. Perhaps as a result of the author's involvement in the Python community, MochiKit exhibits many idioms familiar to Python programmers, and is commonly used in Python-based web applications.
See also
Comparison of JavaScript frameworks
TurboGears
References
External links
MochiKit homepage
JavaScript libraries
Software using the Academic Free License
Software using the MIT license
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20Markup%20Language
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Classification Markup Language (ClaML) is an XML data format specification meant for the exchange of medical classifications, which are code numbers for of medical diagnoses and procedures.
The ClaML specification has first been published as Technical Specification CEN/TS 14463:2003, a 2007 revision of ClaML has been accepted as European Norm EN 14463:2007, which was replaced by ISO 13120:2013.
The ClaML standard has been prepared by Working Group 3 (Semantic Content) of the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) on health informatics, known as ISO/TC 215 WG3.
ClaML has been adopted by the WHO to distribute their family of international classifications.
Specifications availability
As a CEN standard, the ClaML specification is available from the various European national standardisation bodies, and can be found via the CEN website. The specification document includes the Document Type Definition (DTD). The DTD can be separately downloaded here DTD ClaML. An unofficial specification with example can be found here ClaML.
External links
ISO 13120:2019 Health informatics -- Syntax to represent the content of healthcare classification systems -- Classification Markup Language (ClaML)
ISO/TC 215 Health informatics
CEN Published Health Informatics Standards
ClaML example
Markup languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20the%20Beauty%20Queen
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"Lisa the Beauty Queen" is the fourth episode of the fourth season of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It first aired on the Fox network in the United States on October 15, 1992. In the episode, Homer enters Lisa into a beauty pageant to boost her confidence. Lisa is runner-up, but gains the title of Little Miss Springfield after the original winner is injured. Little Miss Springfield's duties include being a spokesperson for Laramie Cigarettes, which causes Lisa to speak out against smoking. As a result of her anti-smoking protests, her title is taken away on a technicality.
The episode and its accompanying songs and music was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Mark Kirkland where Bob Hope made a guest appearance. The episode references various films, music, and historical events and was well received by critics.
Plot
At a carnival held at Springfield Elementary School, Lisa gets a caricature of herself drawn, but the caricature is unflattering and causes the other carnival patrons to laugh, leading Lisa to assume she is ugly. Meanwhile, Homer wins a ticket to ride in the Duff Blimp at a raffle the carnival is holding.
When the family gets home, Lisa cries over her perceived ugliness, and Homer tries to cheer her up, to no avail. Homer goes to Moe's Tavern and sees a commercial for the "Little Miss Springfield" beauty pageant. Homer decides to enter Lisa in the pageant to boost her self-esteem. Lisa is reluctant to compete in the pageant until Marge tells her that Homer sold his ticket to ride in the Duff Blimp so he would have enough money to pay the pageant's entry fee. Realizing her father's sacrifice, Lisa enters the pageant.
At the pageant's registration, Lisa meets a formidable competitor named Amber Dempsey, who has won more beauty pageants than any other girl at the registration. In preparation for the pageant, Lisa receives makeovers at the beauty parlor and encouragement from her family. The day of the pageant arrives, and onstage Lisa explains her aim to make Springfield a better place, and her talent is a jazzy medley of "America the Beautiful" and "Proud Mary", while Amber wins the crowd's adoration by batting her large eyelashes. After Krusty the Clown's interview segment, Amber is announced as the winner with Lisa the runner-up. At Amber's first public appearance as Little Miss Springfield, a thunderstorm creates a lightning bolt which strikes her metal scepter. She is hospitalized for her injuries, and Lisa is crowned Little Miss Springfield.
One of Little Miss Springfield's duties as spokesperson for pageant sponsor Laramie Cigarettes is to lure a younger demographic into smoking. Instead, Lisa protests against the dangers of cigarettes at her public appearances, and also vows to target the corruption of Mayor Quimby. Quimby and the Laramie executives look for a way to dethrone and silence Lisa. They find a technical error on her entry form: Homer wrote "OK" underneath the instruction "Do not write
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jisc
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Jisc is a United Kingdom not-for-profit company that provides network and IT services and digital resources in support of further and higher education institutions and research as well as not-for-profits and the public sector.
History
The Joint Information Systems Committee (JISC) was established on 1 April 1993 under the terms of letters of guidance from the Secretaries of State to the newly established Higher Education Funding Councils for England, Scotland and Wales, inviting them to establish a Joint Committee to deal with networking and specialist information services. JISC was to provide national vision and leadership for the benefit of the entire Higher Education sector. The organisation inherited the functions of the Information Systems Committee (ISC) and the Computer Board, both of which had served universities. An initial challenge was to support a much larger community of institutions, including ex-polytechnics and higher education colleges. The new committee was initially supported by four sub-committees, covering Networking; Awareness, Liaison and Training; Electronic Information; and Technology Applications.
In 1995, the Northern Ireland Department of Education became a full partner in JISC. The organisation expanded again in 1999 when the further education funding bodies became funding partners. This expansion prompted a restructuring and a new set of committees:
JISC Committee for Authentication and Security (JCAS) November 1999 – January 2002. The work of this committee was taken over by JCN2 and JCIE3.
JISC Committee for Electronic Information (JCEI) November 1999 – January 2002. The work of this committee was taken over by JCIE3 and JCCS4.
JISC Committee for Integrated Environments for Learners (JCIEL) November 1999 – January 2002. The work of this committee was taken over by JCLT5.
JISC Committee for Awareness, Liaison and Training (JCALT) The work of this committee was taken over by JOS6.
JISC Committee on Networking (JCN2).
The expansion also raised wider concerns about JISC's governance, and Sir Brian Follett was appointed to carry out an independent enquiry. His report, published in November 2000, concluded that "JISC is perceived as a UK success story, providing a network of world-class standard and a range of excellent services. Importantly, it evolves continuously and is an excellent example of collaboration between the community and the funding bodies". However, Follett made various recommendations for reform, most of which were accepted by the funding bodies.
A new structure was therefore put in place from December 2001, consisting of a JISC Board, advised by a steering committee made up of senior officers from each funding body. Six sub-committees fell under two main heads: strategy and policy committees, which aimed to ensure that the needs of specific communities were met (in the fields of research, learning and teaching, and management); and functional committees, concentrating on specific areas of wor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Tale%20of%20Two%20Santas
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"A Tale of Two Santas" is the third episode in the third season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 35th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on December 23, 2001.
Plot
It is Xmas again, and everyone is locking down for the arrival of Robot Santa. The Professor sends the crew to deliver children's letters directly to Santa at his fortress on Neptune. After reading some of the letters, begging Santa not to wreak havoc on the writers, Fry decides to bring Christmas back to the way it was in the past. They land at Jolly Junction, Neptune, and enlist the aid of a pair of Neptunians in sneaking into the fortress.
The crew confront Santa, and Leela presents him with what she believes to be a logical paradox intended to destroy him. Unfortunately, Santa proves immune to paradox, and he takes off after them with a missile launcher. The crew escapes the fortress, and is about to leave in the ship, but Santa grabs the engine and prevents the ship from taking off. The heat from the engine melts the ice under Santa's feet, and he sinks in the ice, which refreezes around him.
With Santa frozen in ice, Bender takes over, and toy-making resumes in Jolly Junction. Bender heads to New New York, where he gets an unwelcome reception from citizens expecting Santa. While taking a beer break, Bender is arrested and put on trial for Santa's crimes against humanity. Bender is found guilty and sentenced to execution by magnetic dismemberment.
Fry and Leela rush back to Neptune to bring in the real Santa to prove Bender's innocence. They carve Santa out in a large block of ice, but the ice melts due to pollution from the toy factory, and Santa is freed. Fry and Leela escape in the ship, but Santa rides on the ship back to Earth. The Planet Express crew tries one last attempt to save Bender, with all of them pretending to be Santa and Zoidberg pretending to be Jesus. Their effort fails, and the execution device is activated.
Moments later, the real Robot Santa bursts through the wall. He rescues Bender and the two go on a proper Xmas rampage. As the Planet Express crew huddle in fear of their lives, Fry concludes he has somewhat succeeded in bringing back the old spirit of Christmas, even if it is fear that is bringing people together instead of love. At the end of the spree of destruction, Santa tells Bender that if he tries a stunt like that again, he will kill him, and pushes Bender off the sleigh amid the burning buildings.
Production
John Goodman, who voiced Robot Santa in the previous episode "Xmas Story", was unavailable to reprise his voice role for this episode; the voice was provided by John DiMaggio. Dan Castellaneta, who voiced the Robot Devil in "Hell Is Other Robots" and "The Devil's Hands Are Idle Playthings", was busy with The Simpsons; his voice was provided by Maurice LaMarche.
Broadcast and reception
Futurama executive producer David X. Cohen referred to this episode a
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urge%20%28digital%20music%20service%29
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Urge was an discontinued online music distribution service run by MTV Networks (now Paramount Media Networks). Urge was integrated into Windows Media Player 11.
Urge was first launched on May 17, 2006. Downloaded files came with restrictions on their use, enforced by Windows Media DRM, Microsoft's digital rights management. Urge featured the music programming of MTV, CMT (country), and VH1 and provided editorial content for the online music service. Urge charged 99¢ a track, or $9.95/month for a subscription. An optional $14.95/month to-go subscription was available for those with PlaysForSure devices. As of May 2008, Urge was not compatible with Microsoft's Zune or Apple's iPod, although the first-generation Zune Marketplace was based on Urge, and had many similarities.
In Spring 2007, MTV Networks launched the digital audio radio service Urge Radio, available through cable operators. Urge Radio offered cable systems digital audio channels with non-stop music, commercial-free, 24 hours a day. Similar to Music Choice, song and artist info is displayed on the TV screen.
In August 2007, MTV Networks announced plans to end its partnership with Microsoft and joined by RealNetworks on its Rhapsody digital music store.
In September 2010, Verizon and Frontier informed their customers that they would be removing Urge channels due to the provider's commitment to shut down the service.
Features
Music downloads
At close, Urge had about 2.4 million songs available for download. Fans could download music for 99¢ a song or via one of the two subscription tiers. Subscription downloads allowed playback on three computers (also two PlaysForSure devices with the premium Urge To Go subscription). Devices and computers could be de-authorized through the account settings in Windows Media Player, allowing subscribers to change devices or computers. Subscribers may only de-authorize one PC and one device every 30 days.
There were several differences between songs downloaded through the subscription program and songs purchased though Urge. Purchased songs could be played repeatedly, regardless of whether the purchaser was still an Urge subscriber. Subscription music, on the other hand, became unplayable if the subscription lapsed. Subscription music also could not be burned to a CD while purchased music could. Additionally, purchased music could be copied to any WMA-enabled portable media player, not just those that are compatible with subscription services.
Urge To Go
Urge To Go was Urge's premium subscription service, allowing customers to sync all music downloaded from Urge to two PlaysForSure compatible devices. This is not compatible with Microsoft's Zune.
Internet radio
There were 36 free radio stations that can be accessed by anyone with Urge configured in Windows Media Player 11. With a subscription to Urge, 102 additional radio stations were available, providing a total of 138 radio stations as of July 2007.
Music videos
Streaming music videos were pr
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bendless%20Love
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"Bendless Love" is the sixth episode in the third season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 38th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on February 11, 2001.
Plot
After crashing onto the streets of New New York, the crew discovers that the Planet Express ship's essential L-unit has been straightened. The crew plays a security tape from the night before, which shows Bender "sleep-bending". Professor Farnsworth, whom Bender bent backward, sends Bender away to satisfy his psychological need for bending. The Professor annoys the rest of the crew with his uplifting personality and fascination of looking up at the sky now that he is bent backwards.
Bender gets hired at a bending plant as a scab worker during a strike, and discovers that Flexo, who was sent to prison in Bender's place in a previous episode, is also employed as a scab. Also working at the factory is a buxom blue-collar beauty of a fembot named Angleyne. Bender quickly develops an affection for Angleyne, and they begin dating. Their relationship goes well, until Bender discovers that Angleyne and Flexo are a divorced couple on friendly terms, and that they may still be affectionate.
In an attempt to discover Angleyne's true feelings, Bender disguises himself as Flexo, and meets her at an orbital nightclub. While there, Bender flashes the wad of cash he has made as a strikebreaker, which angers the members of the Robot Mafia who are present. Bender (as Flexo) succeeds in seducing Angleyne, but when she discovers his identity, Bender rushes off to kill Flexo.
Bender arrives at the bending plant where Flexo is working the night shift, and starts a fight. Meanwhile, in the crane control booth, the Robot Mafia moves an unbendable girder into position above Bender and Flexo. Because they do not know that Bender was disguised as Flexo, the Robot Mafia wants Flexo dead for Bender's monetary indiscretions. The girder is dropped on top of Flexo, crushing him. Angleyne confesses that she still loves Flexo, and Bender decides that her happiness is more important than his, and resolves to save Flexo by bending the unbendable girder. After a mighty struggle, he frees Flexo, earning Angleyne's appreciation, but not her love.
Having satisfied his need for bending, Bender returns to his job at Planet Express.
Broadcast and reception
In its initial airing, the episode received a Nielsen rating of 4.6/8, placing it 79th among primetime shows for the week of February 5–11, 2001.
Awards
Actor John DiMaggio (Bender, Flexo, Sal, Joey Mousepad, Elzar, others) won an Annie Award for "Outstanding individual achievement for voice acting by a male performer in an animated television production" for his performance as Bender in this episode.
Legacy
A pickaxe based on the Unbendable Girder seen in the episode was added to Fortnite Battle Royale on July 26, 2023.
References
External links
Bendless Love at The Infosphere.
Futuram
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Cyber%20House%20Rules
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"The Cyber House Rules" is the ninth episode in the third season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 41st episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on April 1, 2001. The title comes from the John Irving novel The Cider House Rules.
Plot
Leela is invited to a reunion at her old orphanarium. She initially dreads seeing the people who made fun of her eye as a kid, but she decides rubbing her success in their faces would be very satisfying. Leela attempts to wave her impressive lifestyle in the other orphans' faces, but they quickly resume making fun of her eye. But Adlai Atkins (voiced by guest star Tom Kenny), the only other success story from the orphanarium, shoos them away. Adlai, now a phaser eye surgeon, offers to rework Leela's face to make her look normal, and she jumps at the chance, in spite of Fry's objections. Meanwhile, Bender adopts twelve orphans for the $100-a-week-per-child government stipend.
The operation is a success, and Leela adapts to her new, normal-looking life. Adlai asks the two-eyed Leela out, which causes Fry to exhibit signs of jealousy. In short order, Adlai tells Leela that he is ready to settle down and have kids. A receptive Leela suggests that they should adopt, and Adlai agrees. They go to Bender, who is now selling the twelve children because the government stipends are not a good get-rich-quick scheme. Leela wants to adopt Sally (voiced by guest star Nicole St. John), a girl with an ear on her forehead and a tail. Adlai objects, and then suggests that the child have an operation to remove the ear and make her "acceptable". Leela, horribly offended, finally realizes that she was better off abnormal and physically threatens Adlai into removing her prosthetic eye.
Bender, having been arrested by child services for "child cruelty, child endangerment, depriving children of food, selling children as food and misrepresenting the weight of livestock", returns the orphans to the orphanarium (which is subsequently named after him, though later episodes do not reflect this). After the children give Bender a drawing of him and the orphans, Bender expresses distaste for it and crumples it up and throws it in his chest as the orphans sadly walk off. Bender then sneakily pulls the drawing back out, smooths it out, and places it on the inside of his chest door with a magnet. The children notice this and mob him with hugs.
Cultural references
The bandages wrapped fully around Leela's head, and the gradual removal of them as seen through her perspective is a reference to The Twilight Zone episode "Eye of the Beholder".
The title of the episode comes from the John Irving novel The Cider House Rules.
Bender paraphrases a line from Irving's novel when he says to the children: "Goodnight, you princes of Maine, you kings of New New England."
Broadcast and reception
In its initial airing, the episode received a Nielsen rating of 3.9, placing it 79th amon
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain%20analysis
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In software engineering, domain analysis, or product line analysis, is the process of analyzing related software systems in a domain to find their common and variable parts. It is a model of wider business context for the system. The term was coined in the early 1980s by James Neighbors. Domain analysis is the first phase of domain engineering. It is a key method for realizing systematic software reuse.
Domain analysis produces domain models using methodologies such as domain specific languages, feature tables, facet tables, facet templates, and generic architectures, which describe all of the systems in a domain. Several methodologies for domain analysis have been proposed.
The products, or "artifacts", of a domain analysis are sometimes object-oriented models (e.g. represented with the Unified Modeling Language (UML)) or data models represented with entity-relationship diagrams (ERD). Software developers can use these models as a basis for the implementation of software architectures and applications. This approach to domain analysis is sometimes called model-driven engineering.
In information science, the term "domain analysis" was suggested in 1995 by Birger Hjørland and H. Albrechtsen.
Domain analysis techniques
Several domain analysis techniques have been identified, proposed and developed due to the diversity of goals, domains, and involved processes.
DARE: Domain Analysis and Reuse Environment ,
Feature-Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA)
IDEF0 for Domain Analysis
Model Oriented Domain Analysis and Engineering
References
See also
Domain engineering
Feature Model
Product Family Engineering
Domain-specific language
Model-driven engineering
Software design
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexterity%20%28programming%20language%29
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The Dexterity programming language was designed in the late 1980s for the implementation of platform independent graphical accounting software. Dexterity itself is written in the C programming language. It was used in the development of Great Plains accounting software.
Microsoft Dynamics GP, formerly Great Plains Dynamics and eEnterprise, is a Dexterity-written application. Microsoft's small business line, Microsoft Small Business Manager and Small Business Financials, were also written in Dexterity and use the same code base as Great Plains.
History of Dexterity
Great Plains Dexterity is a proprietary programming language and technology, designed in the late 1980s with the goal to build a platform-independent graphical accounting package - Great Plains Dynamics. Dexterity itself is written in C (with the hope that C would provide platform independence). The user can install Dexterity from the Dynamics GP CD #2 and it allows custom pieces to be seamlessly integrated with the Dynamics GP interface.
Features
Native Dexterity Cursors
Dexterity was designed as a platform-independent programming language. If you want code to be operable on all currently supported Dynamics GP databases, use Dexterity ranges and loops to manipulate the records
Dexterity with SQL Stored Procs
Currently, most Dynamics GP installations have been moved to MS SQL Server - so you can use Dexterity for custom forms drawing only and make the buttons run SQL stored procedures.
COM Object calls
Beginning with version 7.0, Dexterity supports COM objects - register them as libraries in Dexterity. Refer to the manual as to how to do this. This technique allows you to call such things as web services across the internet.
Dynamics GP Alternate Forms
These are modifications to existing forms – the ones found in DYNAMICS.DIC. The most popular customizations are made on the SOP Entry form. Alternate forms are not recommended by Microsoft as they make version upgrades more difficult. Customization usually has to be redone.
Some restrictions
Dynamics GP is actually an integration of multiple dictionaries: DYNAMICS.DIC, ADVSECUR.DIC, EXP1493.DIC, etc. In your Dexterity customization you can generally deal with only one dictionary - DYNAMICS.DIC. Integration with other dictionaries is supported but is difficult.
Dynamics GP macros can also be recorded in Dexterity. The ability to handle branches does not appear to exist in these macros.
References
Further reading
External links
Dexterity Development System Releases for Microsoft Dynamics GP
Microsoft development tools
Microsoft programming languages
Procedural programming languages
Programming languages created in the 1980s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Brown%20of%20the%20Rocket%20Rangers
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Rod Brown of the Rocket Rangers was a 30-minute, weekly CBS-TV network outer space adventure series, broadcast live Saturdays from April 18, 1953 to May 29, 1954.
Synopsis
Set in 2153 and inspired by Tom Corbett, Space Cadet (1950 - 1955), the series depicted the adventures of fearless Rocket Rangers, who operated from Omega Base, piloting their nuclear-powered space ship Beta throughout the solar system, to battle crime and the weird menace of extraterrestrial life-forms. The three Rangers were curly-haired Rod Brown (Cliff Robertson), his prickly partner Frank Boyd (Bruce Hall), and chubby, bespectacled comic relief Wilbur "Wormsey" Wormser (Jack Weston). Their immediate superior was Commander Swift (John Boruff). Each episode was a self-contained story, as opposed to the other serialized space shows then appearing on TV.
Director George Gould had also been the director of ABC's Tom Corbett from 1950 to 1952, and when he was hired to direct Rod Brown, he carried with him to CBS several of the writers for that pioneering series, plus its basic concepts, as well as the major special effect, an amplifier producing travelling mattes. The very close similarity between Rod Brown and Tom Corbett generated at least one lawsuit, which was settled out of court, and at the time, did not affect the broadcasting of new weekly Rod Brown episodes in any way. The Rod Brown kinescopes however were never rebroadcast. The series ran a total of 58 episodes.
Rod Brown's adventures had a sponsor, Jell-O Instant Pudding. However, there are very few premiums or toys associated with the series, as compared to its rival live space adventure series such as Captain Video, Space Patrol, and Tom Corbett, Space Cadet. A Rocket Ranger membership card and a Rocket Ranger Squadron Charter have been observed. In addition, plaid flannel shirts for young boys, featuring a solid-color flannel placket silkscreened with the Rocket Ranger title, space ship, and spaceman, were also available.
The program began each week with an introduction: "Surging with the power of the atom, gleaming like great silver bullets, the mighty Rocket Ranger space ships stand by for blast-off. Up, up, rockets blazing with white-hot fury, the man-made meteors ride through the atmosphere, breaking the gravity barrier, pushing up and out, faster and faster, and then...outer space and high adventure for the Rocket Rangers."
A verse from Robert Allen's TV theme song went: "From the sands of Mars, out to the distant stars, we're the Rocket Ranger Corps..."
The Rocket Ranger Code
The membership card offered as a premium displayed the "Rocket Ranger Code" as follows:
ON MY HONOR AS A ROCKET RANGER, I PLEDGE THAT:
I SHALL always chart my course according to the Constitution of the United States of America.
I SHALL never cross orbits with the Rights and Beliefs of others.
I SHALL blast at full space-speed to protect the Weak and Innocent.
I SHALL stay out of collision orbit with the laws of my State and C
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Dated%20a%20Robot
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"I Dated a Robot" is the fifteenth episode in the third season of the American animated television series Futurama, and the 47th episode of the series overall. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 13, 2001.
Plot
After the crew sees an episode of The Scary Door, Fry decides to do all the things he always wanted to do, and the Planet Express crew obliges. After demolishing a planet, visiting the edge of the universe, and riding a dinosaur, one of his few remaining fantasies is to date a celebrity. Fry and Leela venture into the Internet to visit nappster.com and download a celebrity's personality. Fry downloads the personality of Lucy Liu into a blank robot, which begins projecting an image of her.
Fry and the Liu-bot begin dating, aided by her being programmed to like Fry. The other Planet Express employees, concerned about his relationship, show him the standard middle-school film that predicts the destruction of civilization if humans date robots. Unfortunately, Fry ignores the movie, and keeps making out with his Liu-bot.
Bender, offended by the concept of competing with humans for the attention of female robots, sets off with Leela and Zoidberg to shut down Nappster. In the Nappster building, a broken sign eventually reveals that the company is actually "Kidnappster". Breaking into the back room, Bender discovers that Nappster has been kidnapping the heads of celebrities and making illegal copies of them. Leela grabs the real Lucy Liu's head, and the four take off. The Nappster CFO loads a backup disk of Liu, and creates a horde of Liu-bots ordered to kill.
Leela and the others, running from the robot horde, duck into a movie theater, where Fry is seeing a movie with his Liu-bot. Everyone ducks into the projection room. Zoidberg discovers a five-ton bag of popping corn, and sends it pouring onto the robots on the theater floor. The robots eat their way out from under the corn and start shooting popcorn kernels from their mouths at the room. Fry's Liu-bot points the projector at the other robots, and the heat causes the popcorn to pop, bursting the robots. At the request of the real Lucy Liu, Fry blanks his now-damaged robot in order to protect her image. A hypocritical Bender begins dating Liu's head much to Fry's anger.
Cultural References
The "I Dated a Robot!" movie is a parody of school propaganda films such as Reefer Madness, Duck and Cover and other after-school specials.
Bender also references the 70s show All in the Family immediately following the propaganda film, he both adopts the character Archie Bunker's manner of speaking and makes a play on his "Meat head" line, quite similar to Bender's own "Meatbag".
The internet website Kidnappster is a direct parody of Napster.
Broadcast and reception
In its initial airing, the episode received a Nielsen rating of 3.8/8, placing it 76th among primetime shows for the week of May 7–13, 2001. Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club gave the episode a B+.
References
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloured%20Books
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Coloured Books may refer to:
Rainbow Books, a set of standards defining the formats for compact discs
Rainbow Series, is a series of computer security standards and guidelines. Largely superseded by the Common Criteria.
Coloured Book protocols, a set of network protocols used primarily on the UK academic network before the widespread adoption of TCP/IP
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resorcerer
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Resorcerer is a resource editing program by Mathemaesthetics for the Macintosh operating systems. The most recent release was in 2001, when separate versions of Resorcerer 2.4.1 were released for Classic Mac OS and Carbon. Developed more recently than the traditional ResEdit, it supports far more resource types. Although no longer updated, it is still available for purchase.
External links
Official website
MacTech Fan Review
Macintosh operating systems development
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadium%20College%20Sports
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Stadium College Sports (formerly Fox College Sports) is a group of three American sports networks. Owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group and Entertainment Studios (under the joint venture Diamond Sports Group), the three channels air college and high school sporting events and programming. The channel is divided into three feeds—Atlantic, Central, and Pacific. Despite their names, the feeds no longer correspond to specific regions. Programming is drawn from the Bally Sports regional sports networks and Stadium.
History
The three networks were originally launched in June 2001 as Fox Sports Digital Networks as a complement to Fox Sports Net for digital cable subscribers, since they did not have access to out-of-market regional sports networks that were available on satellite. The majority of the programming presented on the networks originated from the various Fox Sports regional networks and affiliates. The networks focused on college sports, but also had out-of-market baseball games (which would be phased out after the first few years). In 2004, the networks were relaunched as Fox College Sports to emphasize their college sports programming.
On June 18, 2021, more than a year after the networks sold to Sinclair after having been sold to Disney as part of the 21st Century Fox purchase, and the rebranding of the FSN networks as Bally Sports in late-March of that year, the channels were quietly rebranded as Stadium College Sports, taking their name from Sinclair and Silver Chalice's national sports channel Stadium. In August 2021, Verizon Fios became the first major provider to provide the networks in high-definition.
On December 31, 2021, YouTubeTV announced that the three channels would be removed from their Sports Plus tier on January 1, 2022.
Programming
The channels are divided into three geographical areas, which are Stadium College Sports Atlantic (formerly FCS Atlantic), Stadium College Sports Central (formerly FCS Central), and Stadium College Sports Pacific (formerly FCS Pacific). In addition to the events, the network features weekly coach's shows for various universities, programs from the various conferences and schools that highlight their athletes, and the regional sports reports from Bally Sports and other regional sports channels not within the Bally Sports system. Also featured are high school basketball and football games, and some state championships for these sports.
Major events include:
Football
Basketball
Baseball
Wrestling
Hockey
Men's & women's soccer
Women's volleyball
Lacrosse
Track and field
Gymnastics
Swimming and diving
Tennis
Paintball
Softball
The three Stadium College Sports channels generally air simulcast and live games produced by the Bally Sports networks or by Stadium through the digital only WCC Network and Mountain West Network.
Former Programming
Previously, each network sourced its programming from the various Fox Sports Networks as follows:
FCS Atlantic: Shows Atlantic Coast Conference,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Incredible%20Crash%20Dummies%20%28TV%20special%29
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The Incredible Crash Dummies is a 1993 computer-animated television special. It was produced in 1993. In the United States, it originally aired on Fox Kids. It was later repacked as a video to be sold with two of the Crash Dummy action figures (Ted and a "purple/gold" repainted Junkman) as well as a mail-in offer to order. Like the TV ad the series was based on the "You Could Learn a Lot from a Dummy" PSAs, episodes would have the characters announcing at the end "Don't you be a dummy, buckle your safety belts...and leave the crashing to us!" It was the first full-length television cartoon created using computer graphics.
Plot
Dummyland is a fictional world inhabited only by living crash dummies. Many make a living testing cars, just like the real ones.
The story begins with crash dummy professor Dr. Zub has creating a new "uncrashable" prototype armor called the Torso 9000 and is testing it with the help of crash dummy Ted. Unfortunately the initial trial run goes awry and Ted's head is severed from his body. The following night however, Ted is accidentally replaced with the head of the evil Junkman, who can now harness the power of the Torso 9000 and manages to break free from the Crash Test facility.
Plotting to destroy the crash dummies, the Junkman sets up his base near an abandoned scrap heap and creates an army of killing machines out of spare car parts. When a valuable disc of information on the Torso 9000 is stolen, and finally Dr. Zub himself is kidnapped, heroes Slick & Spin step in to save the day.
Cast
John Stocker as Dr. Zub/Horst
Dan Hennessey as Junkman
James Rankin as Slick/Jackhammer
Michael Caruana as Spin
Lee MacDougall as Ted
Richard Binsley as Spare Tire/Pistonhead
Paul Haddad as Bull/Daryl
Susan Roman as Computer Voice
Production
Computer Hardware & Software
Silicon Graphics workstations were used in production utilizing Wavefront Technologie's modeling and animation software
References
External links
1990s children's animated films
1993 television specials
1990s animated television specials
1993 in American television
Fox Kids
Television shows written by Savage Steve Holland
Works based on advertisements
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal%20noise
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Neuronal noise or neural noise refers to the random intrinsic electrical fluctuations within neuronal networks. These fluctuations are not associated with encoding a response to internal or external stimuli and can be from one to two orders of magnitude. Most noise commonly occurs below a voltage-threshold that is needed for an action potential to occur, but sometimes it can be present in the form of an action potential; for example, stochastic oscillations in pacemaker neurons in suprachiasmatic nucleus are partially responsible for the organization of circadian rhythms.
Background
Neuronal activity at the microscopic level has a stochastic character, with atomic collisions and agitation, that may be termed "noise." While it isn't clear on what theoretical basis neuronal responses involved in perceptual processes can be segregated into a "neuronal noise" versus a "signal" component, and how such a proposed dichotomy could be corroborated empirically, a number of computational models incorporating a "noise" term have been constructed.
Single neurons demonstrate different responses to specific neuronal input signals. This is commonly referred to as neural response variability. If a specific input signal is initiated in the dendrites of a neuron, then a hypervariability exists in the number of vesicles released from the axon terminal fiber into the synapse. This characteristic is true for fibers without neural input signals, such as pacemaker neurons, as mentioned previously, and cortical pyramidal neurons that have highly-irregular firing pattern. Noise generally hinders neural performance, but recent studies show, in dynamical non-linear neural networks, this statement does not always hold true. Non-linear neural networks are a network of complex neurons that have many connections with one another such as the neuronal systems found within our brains. Comparatively, linear networks are an experimental view of analyzing a neural system by placing neurons in series with each other.
Initially, noise in complex computer circuit or neural circuits is thought to slow down and negatively affect the processing power. However, current research suggests that neuronal noise is beneficial to non-linear or complex neural networks up until optimal value. A theory by Anderson and colleagues supports that neural noise is beneficial. Their theory suggests that noise produced in the visual cortex helps linearize or smooth the threshold of action potentials.
Another theory suggests that stochastic noise in a non-linear network shows a positive relationship between the interconnectivity and noise-like activity. Thus based on this theory, Patrick Wilken and colleagues suggest that neuronal noise is the principal factor that limits the capacity of visual short-term memory. Investigators of neural ensembles and those who especially support the theory of distributed processing, propose that large neuronal populations effectively decrease noise by averaging out the no
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloom%20%28shader%20effect%29
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Bloom (sometimes referred to as light bloom or glow) is a computer graphics effect used in video games, demos, and high-dynamic-range rendering (HDRR) to reproduce an imaging artifact of real-world cameras. The effect produces fringes (or feathers) of light extending from the borders of bright areas in an image, contributing to the illusion of an extremely bright light overwhelming the camera or eye capturing the scene. It became widely used in video games after an article on the technique was published by the authors of Tron 2.0 in 2004.
Theory
There are two recognized potential causes of bloom.
Imperfect Focus
One physical basis of bloom is that, in the real world, lenses can never focus perfectly. Even a perfect lens will convolve the incoming image with an Airy disk (the diffraction pattern produced by passing a point light source through a circular aperture). Under normal circumstances, these imperfections are not noticeable, but an intensely bright light source will cause the imperfections to become visible. As a result, the image of the bright light appears to bleed beyond its natural borders.
The Airy disc function falls off very quickly but has very wide tails (actually, infinitely wide tails). As long as the brightness of adjacent parts of the image are roughly in the same range, the effect of the blurring caused by the Airy disc is not particularly noticeable; but in parts of the image where very bright parts are adjacent to relatively darker parts, the tails of the Airy disc become visible and can extend far beyond the extent of the bright part of the image.
In HDRR images, the effect can be reproduced by convolving the image with a windowed kernel of an Airy disc (for very good lenses), or by applying Gaussian blur (to simulate the effect of a less perfect lens), before converting the image to fixed-range pixels. The effect cannot be fully reproduced in non-HDRR imaging systems, because the amount of bleed depends on how bright the bright part of the image is.
As an example, when a picture is taken indoors, the brightness of outdoor objects seen through a window may be 70 or 80 times brighter than objects inside the room. If exposure levels are set for objects inside the room, the bright image of the windows will bleed past the window frames when convolved with the Airy disc of the camera being used to produce the image.
CCD Sensor Saturation
Bloom in digital cameras is caused by an overflow of charge in the photodiodes, which are the light-sensitive elements in the camera's image sensor. When a photodiode is exposed to a very bright light source, the accumulated charge can spill over into adjacent pixels, creating a halo effect. This is known as "charge bleeding."
The bloom effect is more pronounced in cameras with smaller pixels, as there is less room for the charge to dissipate. It can also be exacerbated by high ISO settings, which increase the camera's sensitivity to light and can result in more charge accumulation.
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For
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For or FOR may refer to:
English language
For, a preposition
For, a complementizer
For, a grammatical conjunction
Science and technology
Fornax, a constellation
for loop, a programming language statement
Frame of reference, in physics
Field of regard, in optoelectronics
Forced outage rate, in reliability engineering
Other uses
Fellowship of Reconciliation, a number of religious nonviolent organizations
Pinto Martins International Airport (IATA airport code), an airport in Brazil
Revolutionary Workers Ferment (Fomento Obrero Revolucionario), a small left communist international
Fast oil recovery, systems to remove an oil spill from a wrecked ship
Field of Research, a component of the Australian and New Zealand Standard Research Classification
FOR, free on rail, an historic form of international commercial term or Incoterm
See also
Four (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice%20%28software%29
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Alice is an object-based educational programming language with an integrated development environment (IDE). Alice uses a drag and drop environment to create computer animations using 3D models. The software was developed first at University of Virginia in 1994, then Carnegie Mellon (from 1997), by a research group led by Randy Pausch.
Origin of name
According to Randy Pausch, the name “Alice” comes from author Lewis Carroll, who wrote Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.
"Carroll was a mathematician, novelist, and photographer. Most important, he could do intellectually difficult things but also realized the most powerful thing was to be able to communicate clearly and in an entertaining way. This inspires our efforts to make something as complex as computer programming easy and fun."
Purpose
Alice was developed to address four core problems in educational programming:
Alice is designed solely to teach programming theory without the complex semantics of production languages such as C++. Users can place objects from Alice's gallery into the virtual world that they have imagined, and then they can program by dragging and dropping tiles that represent logical structures. Additionally, the user can manipulate Alice's camera and lighting to make further enhancements. Alice can be used for 3D user interfaces.
Alice is conjoined with its IDE. There is no syntax to remember. However, it supports the full object-based programming, event driven model of programming.
Alice is designed to appeal to specific subpopulations not normally exposed to computer programming, such as students of middle school age, by encouraging storytelling. Alice is also used at many colleges and universities in Introduction to Programming courses.
Alice can be used with Netbeans to convert the Alice file into Java.
Alice 3 is released under an open-source license allowing redistribution of the source code, with or without modification.
Research
In controlled studies at Ithaca College and Saint Joseph's University looking at students with no prior programming experience taking their first computer science course, the average grade rose from C to B, and retention rose from 47% to 88%, exceeding even the 75% retention rate of students with prior programming experience.
In a second study at Carnegie Mellon University, students taking their first computer science course with a mediated transfer approach that transitioned from Alice 3 to Java scored an average of 84.96% and 81.52% in two semesters of testing this approach, compared to an average of 60.8% before the mediated transfer approach.
Variant
A variant of Alice 2.0 called Storytelling Alice was created by Caitlin Kelleher for her PhD dissertation. It includes three main differences:
High-level animations that enable users to program social interactions between characters.
A story-based tutorial that introduces users to programming through building a story.
A gallery of 3D characters and scenery with custom animations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist%20%28programming%20language%29
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Nyquist is a programming language for sound synthesis and analysis based on the Lisp programming language. It is an extension of the XLISP dialect of Lisp, and is named after Harry Nyquist.
With Nyquist, the programmer designs musical instruments by combining functions, and can call upon these instruments and generate a sound just by typing a simple expression. The programmer can combine simple expressions into complex ones to create a whole composition, and can also generate various other kinds of musical and non-musical sounds.
The Nyquist interpreter can read and write sound files, MIDI files, and Adagio text-based music score files. On many platforms, it can also produce direct audio output in real time.
The Nyquist programming language can also be used to write plug-in effects for the Audacity digital audio editor.
One notable difference between Nyquist and more traditional MUSIC-N languages is that Nyquist does not segregate synthesis functions (see unit generator) from "scoring" functions. For example Csound is actually two languages, one for creating "orchestras" the other for writing "scores". With Nyquist these two domains are combined.
Nyquist runs under Linux and other Unix environments, Mac OS, and Microsoft Windows.
The Nyquist programming language and interpreter were written by Roger Dannenberg at Carnegie Mellon University, with support from Yamaha Corporation and IBM.
References
External links
Computer Music Project at Carnegie Mellon, home of the Nyquist interpreter
Audio programming languages
Software synthesizers
Carnegie Mellon University
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20information%20theory
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A timeline of events related to information theory, quantum information theory and statistical physics, data compression, error correcting codes and related subjects.
1872 – Ludwig Boltzmann presents his H-theorem, and with it the formula Σpi log pi for the entropy of a single gas particle
1878 – J. Willard Gibbs defines the Gibbs entropy: the probabilities in the entropy formula are now taken as probabilities of the state of the whole system
1924 – Harry Nyquist discusses quantifying "intelligence" and the speed at which it can be transmitted by a communication system
1927 – John von Neumann defines the von Neumann entropy, extending the Gibbs entropy to quantum mechanics
1928 – Ralph Hartley introduces Hartley information as the logarithm of the number of possible messages, with information being communicated when the receiver can distinguish one sequence of symbols from any other (regardless of any associated meaning)
1929 – Leó Szilárd analyses Maxwell's Demon, showing how a Szilard engine can sometimes transform information into the extraction of useful work
1940 – Alan Turing introduces the deciban as a measure of information inferred about the German Enigma machine cypher settings by the Banburismus process
1944 – Claude Shannon's theory of information is substantially complete
1947 – Richard W. Hamming invents Hamming codes for error detection and correction (to protect patent rights, the result is not published until 1950)
1948 – Claude E. Shannon publishes A Mathematical Theory of Communication
1949 – Claude E. Shannon publishes Communication in the Presence of Noise – Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem and Shannon–Hartley law
1949 – Claude E. Shannon's Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems is declassified
1949 – Robert M. Fano publishes Transmission of Information. M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts – Shannon–Fano coding
1949 – Leon G. Kraft discovers Kraft's inequality, which shows the limits of prefix codes
1949 – Marcel J. E. Golay introduces Golay codes for forward error correction
1951 – Solomon Kullback and Richard Leibler introduce the Kullback–Leibler divergence
1951 – David A. Huffman invents Huffman encoding, a method of finding optimal prefix codes for lossless data compression
1953 – August Albert Sardinas and George W. Patterson devise the Sardinas–Patterson algorithm, a procedure to decide whether a given variable-length code is uniquely decodable
1954 – Irving S. Reed and David E. Muller propose Reed–Muller codes
1955 – Peter Elias introduces convolutional codes
1957 – Eugene Prange first discusses cyclic codes
1959 – Alexis Hocquenghem, and independently the next year Raj Chandra Bose and Dwijendra Kumar Ray-Chaudhuri, discover BCH codes
1960 – Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon propose Reed–Solomon codes
1962 – Robert G. Gallager proposes low-density parity-check codes; they are unused for 30 years due to technical limitations
1965 – Dave Forney discusses conc
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Definition%20Audio-Video%20Network%20Alliance
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The High-Definition Audio-Video Network Alliance (HANA) was a cross-industry collaboration of members addressing the end-to-end needs of connected, HD, home entertainment products and services. Leading companies formed the organization from the four industries most affected by the HD revolution: content providers, consumer electronics, service providers, and information technology. HANA created design guidelines for secure high-definition audio-video networks that would speed the creation of new, high-quality, easy-to-use HD products. HANA membership was open to all companies involved in the digital entertainment industry. HANA was dissolved in September 2009, and the 1394 Trade Association assumed control of all HANA-generated intellectual property.
Overview
HANA was incorporated in October 2005 and formally launched in December 2005. HANA's mission was to provide consumers with a simple way to connect and enjoy HD entertainment anywhere in the home. The organisation's goal was to create standards-based solutions to facilitate the commercial deployment of connected products and services that would enhance the consumer HD entertainment experience.
Benefits of HANA
Consumers
HANA’s focus was to deliver products that would simplify consumers’ lives by eliminating the difficulties associated with connecting and controlling their entertainment devices. Consumers should be able to:
View, pause, and record more than five HD channels simultaneously with full quality of service (QoS)
Share personal content between the IT and AV networks while protecting commercial HD content from piracy
Control all AV devices and access content with just a single remote per room
Use just a single cable to connect devices rather than multiple cables between all devices
Content providers
By creating a secure home network environment that respects the rights of content owners, multichannel video service providers, and broadcasters, HANA can give consumers flexible and convenient access to more high-value HD content. In particular, the incorporation of digital rights management (DRM) and watermark verification of copyrighted content in the HANA architecture is key to ensuring that HD content can flow seamlessly across a wide range of consumer devices.
Service providers
HANA enables new market opportunities for service providers. By providing a secure content protection zone for HD content, HANA would allow service providers to take advantage of the retail channel sooner while reducing capital expenditures and providing simple and reliable access to AV entertainment for their customers.
Consumer electronics manufacturers
CE manufacturers would be able to deliver new and exciting products and features to their consumers while simultaneously simplifying the user experience. Just as importantly, a product that rolls out today would not become obsolete every time something new is introduced. New products are required to adhere to the baseline standard guaranteeing interoperabi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifestyle%20%28Philippine%20TV%20channel%29
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Lifestyle Network (known in the Philippines from 2015 to 2018 as simply Lifestyle), was a global Filipino pay TV channel based in Quezon City. It was owned and operated by Creative Programs, a subsidiary of the media conglomerate ABS-CBN. Its programming was composed primarily of lifestyle and entertainment shows targeted to upscale Filipino women in the Filipino diaspora.
On April 2, 2018, the domestic Lifestyle was relaunched as Metro Channel. The North American version of the network continued to be distributed in the United States and Canada until November 30, 2020. After which, programs that formerly aired on the international channel were transferred to ANC Global.
Programs
References
External links
Television networks in the Philippines
Television channels and stations established in 1999
2018 disestablishments in the Philippines
English-language television stations in the Philippines
Women's interest channels
Creative Programs
1999 establishments in the Philippines
ABS-CBN Corporation channels
Defunct television networks in the Philippines
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2020
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rybka
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Rybka is a computer chess engine designed by International Master Vasik Rajlich. Around 2011, Rybka was one of the top-rated engines on chess engine rating lists and won many computer chess tournaments.
After Rybka won four consecutive World Computer Chess Championships from 2007 to 2010, it was stripped of these titles after the International Computer Games Association concluded in June 2011 that Rybka was plagiarized from both the Crafty and the Fruit chess engines and so failed to meet their originality requirements. In 2015, FIDE Ethics Commission, following a complaint put forward by Vasik Rajlich and chess engine developer and games publisher Chris Whittington regarding ethical breaches during internal disciplinary proceedings, ruled the ICGA guilty and sanctioned ICGA with a warning. Case 2/2012.
ChessBase published a challenging two-part interview-article about the process and verdict with ICGA spokesperson David Levy. Subsequently, ChessBase has published Rybka to produce Fritz 15 released in late 2015 and Fritz 16 released in late 2017.
Name
The word rybka, pronounced in Czech, means little fish in Czech, Polish, and in many other Slavic languages. Vasik Rajlich was once asked in an interview by Alexander Schmidt, "Did you choose the name Rybka because your program always slipped out of your hands like a little fish?" He replied, "As for the name Rybka – I am sorry but this will remain my private secret."
Internals
Rybka is a closed-source program, but still some details have been revealed: Rybka uses a bitboard representation, and is an alpha-beta searcher with a relatively large aspiration window. It uses very aggressive pruning, leading to imbalanced search trees. The details of the evaluation function are unknown, but since version 2.3.1 it has included work by GM Larry Kaufman on material imbalances, much of which was worked out in a series of papers in the 1990s.
Team
Several members of the Rybka team are strong chess players: Vasik Rajlich, the main author of Rybka is an International Master (IM). GM Larry Kaufman is the 2008 Senior Chess World Champion, and from version 2.3 through version 3 was in primary charge of the evaluation function. Iweta Rajlich, Vasik Rajlich's wife and the main Rybka tester is a Women's GM (WGM) and IM. Jeroen Noomen (who used to work on Rebel) and Dagh Nielsen were the authors of its opening book – the latter is one of the world's top freestyle chess players. Both are now less active, and Jiri Dufek is in charge of the book.
History
Vasik Rajlich started working on his chess program at the beginning of 2003. The first Rybka beta was released on December 2, 2005.
The appearance of the free Rybka 1 beta and the first commercial version, Rybka 1 end of 2005 was a sensation, and Rybka soon became the dominating program leading rating lists by a huge margin.
Tournament participations
In January 2004, Rybka participated in the 6th Programmers Computer Chess Tournament (CCT6) event, placing 53rd
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis%20Trillo
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Abelardo Dennis Florencio Ho (born May 12, 1981), known professionally as Dennis Trillo (), is a Filipino actor, model and recording artist. He is currently an exclusive contract talent of GMA Network. He was known for his role as Eric del Mundo in the first ever gay-themed series on Philippine TV, My Husband's Lover aired on GMA Network in 2013.
Trillo received his first acting award in 2004 for his role as a cross-dressing spy in the 2004 war film Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita. In May 2016, he appeared in another primetime television series, Juan Happy Love Story, opposite his Dwarfina leading lady Heart Evangelista.
Now being recognized both locally and internationally, he still continues to work as GMA Network's "Drama King."
Personal life
Dennis Trillo was born as Abelardo Dennis Florencio Ho on May 12, 1981 in Quezon City to Abelardo Leslie Ho, a Chinese Filipino from Dumaguete, Negros Oriental and Florita Florencio, a Filipino. He finished high school at Jose Abad Santos Memorial School, Quezon City and spent his grade school years (grades 1–7) at the Ateneo De Manila University. He pursued a college education at Miriam College and received a B.A. in International Studies.
He has a son with his ex-girlfriend Carlene Aguilar, born in 2007.
On November 15, 2021, he married his longtime girlfriend Jennylyn Mercado. They have a daughter named Dylan who was born on April 25, 2022.
Career
Early years
Prior to starting his career in show business, Trillo was once a member of a band called Moyg. For a short period, he played the drums for the DIY band in Baguio. His career in entertainment started in ABS-CBN in 2001 when he was introduced as part of ABS-CBN's Star Circle (now known as Star Magic) batch 10 along with Bea Alonzo, Alfred Vargas and TJ Trinidad. He took part in ABS-CBN's hit television soap operas Pangako Sa 'Yo as Ruel and Sa Dulo ng Walang Hanggan as Jojo; both were minor characters.
2003–2005: Breakthrough as Kapuso
After transferring to GMA Network and becoming a contract star, he landed his first role for the network in the youth-oriented drama Kahit Kailan where he played a supporting character named David. He was also cast in several outings like Twin Hearts and Love to Love.
In 2004, he had his first main character role in the fantasy show Mulawin. He played Gabriel, a half-human and half-Ravena who became the third wheel in Alwina (Angel Locsin) and Agiluz (Richard Gutierrez) romance. The same year, he had his breakthrough performance when he starred in the Metro Manila Film Festival official entry Aishite Imasu 1941: Mahal Kita as a transgender woman during World War II. In this film he received his first acting award as Best Supporting Actor in the 30th Metro Manila Film Festival.
Following this recognition, he received five more Best Actor trophies from the Film Academy of the Philippines, the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS), the PMPC Star Awards for Movies, Golden Screen Awards and the Young
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen%E2%80%93Sutherland%20algorithm
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In computer graphics, the Cohen–Sutherland algorithm is an algorithm used for line clipping. The algorithm divides a two-dimensional space into 9 regions and then efficiently determines the lines and portions of lines that are visible in the central region of interest (the viewport).
The algorithm was developed in 1967 during flight simulator work by Danny Cohen and Ivan Sutherland.
The algorithm
The algorithm includes, excludes or partially includes the line based on whether:
Both endpoints are in the viewport region (bitwise OR of endpoints = 0000): trivial accept.
Both endpoints share at least one non-visible region, which implies that the line does not cross the visible region. (bitwise AND of endpoints ≠ 0000): trivial reject.
Both endpoints are in different regions: in case of this nontrivial situation the algorithm finds one of the two points that is outside the viewport region (there will be at least one point outside). The intersection of the outpoint and extended viewport border is then calculated (i.e. with the parametric equation for the line), and this new point replaces the outpoint. The algorithm repeats until a trivial accept or reject occurs.
The numbers in the figure below are called outcodes. An outcode is computed for each of the two points in the line. The outcode will have 4 bits for two-dimensional clipping, or 6 bits in the three-dimensional case. The first bit is set to 1 if the point is above the viewport. The bits in the 2D outcode represent: top, bottom, right, left. For example, the outcode 1010 represents a point that is top-right of the viewport.
{| class="wikitable"
! !! left || central || right
|-
! top
| 1001
| 1000
| 1010
|-
! central
| 0001
| 0000
| 0010
|-
! bottom
| 0101
| 0100
| 0110
|}
Note that the outcodes for endpoints must be recalculated on each iteration after the clipping occurs.
The Cohen–Sutherland algorithm can be used only on a rectangular clip window.
Example C/C++ implementation
typedef int OutCode;
const int INSIDE = 0; // 0000
const int LEFT = 1; // 0001
const int RIGHT = 2; // 0010
const int BOTTOM = 4; // 0100
const int TOP = 8; // 1000
// Compute the bit code for a point (x, y) using the clip rectangle
// bounded diagonally by (xmin, ymin), and (xmax, ymax)
// ASSUME THAT xmax, xmin, ymax and ymin are global constants.
OutCode ComputeOutCode(double x, double y)
{
OutCode code = INSIDE; // initialised as being inside of clip window
if (x < xmin) // to the left of clip window
code |= LEFT;
else if (x > xmax) // to the right of clip window
code |= RIGHT;
if (y < ymin) // below the clip window
code |= BOTTOM;
else if (y > ymax) // above the clip window
code |= TOP;
return code;
}
// Cohen–Sutherland clipping algorithm clips a line from
// P0 = (x0, y0) to P1 = (x1, y1) against a rectangle with
// diagonal from (xmin, ymin) to (xmax, ymax).
bool CohenSutherlandLineClip(double& x0, double& y0, double& x1, double& y1)
{
// com
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholl%E2%80%93Lee%E2%80%93Nicholl%20algorithm
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In computer graphics, the Nicholl–Lee–Nicholl algorithm is a fast algorithm for line clipping that reduces the chances of clipping a single line segment multiple times, as may happen in the Cohen–Sutherland algorithm.
Description
Using the Nicholl–Lee–Nicholl algorithm, the area around the clipping window is divided into a number of different areas, depending on the position of the initial point of the line to be clipped. This initial point should be in three predetermined areas; thus the line may have to be translated and/or rotated to bring it into the desired region. The line segment may then be re-translated and/or re-rotated to bring it to the original position. After that, straight line segments are drawn from the line end point, passing through the corners of the clipping window. These areas are then designated as L, LT, LB, or TR, depending on the location of the initial point. Then the other end point of the line is checked against these areas. If a line starts in the L area and finishes in the LT area then the algorithm concludes that the line should be clipped at xw (max). Thus the number of clipping points is reduced to one, compared to other algorithms that may require two or more clipping
See also
Algorithms used for the same purpose:
Liang–Barsky algorithm
Cyrus–Beck algorithm
Fast clipping
References
Line clipping algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parodius%3A%20The%20Octopus%20Saves%20the%20Earth
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, also known as Parodius, is a scrolling shooter video game developed by Konami for the MSX computer and was released in Japan. The game is notable for being the first title in the Parodius series, although it is often confused with its sequel Parodius! From Myth to Laughter. The name itself is a portmanteau of "Gradius" and "Parody" and, eponymously, the game is a parody of the Gradius series of space-based horizontally scrolling shooters. Many of the characters and enemies are derived from that famous shooter series, while other elements are extracted from other Konami titles, such as Antarctic Adventure and TwinBee. This game is of particular note in the series as being heavily infused with Japanese culture and folklore.
Gameplay
The gameplay is very similar to the Gradius games, with other aspects from games such as TwinBee. However, the characters are replaced with silly characters taken from either these or other Konami games, as well as Japanese culture. The music is mostly taken from classical music pieces.
The player can play as either Tako, an octopus, the Penguin (father of Pentarou) from Antarctic Adventure and the exclusive MSX game Penguin Adventure, Goemon from the Ganbare Goemon series, the Popolon knight from the MSX game Knightmare or the Vic Viper spaceship from Gradius. The game is composed of six stages consisting of various obstacles and enemies such as penguins and bees, as well as more traditional Gradius enemies such as moai. As with Gradius, the game utilizes a similar selection-bar based power-up system.
Reception
Parodius was awarded Best Game that Never Came out in the U.S. in 1992 by Electronic Gaming Monthly.
Ports
Parodius was later included in Konami Antiques MSX Collection Vol.3 for PlayStation, Konami Antiques MSX Collection Ultra Pack for Sega Saturn and Parodius Portable for PlayStation Portable with enhanced graphics.
In addition, it was released for mobile phones in December 2006 and for Wii Virtual Console on January 12, 2010, and Wii U on December 25, 2013, in Japan. Also, the MSX version was re-released for Windows PC on Online Store Project EGG on April 11, 2014, in Japan.
Notes
References
External links
Official Konami Mobile Minisite
Official Konami Virtual Console Minisite
Official Nintendo Wii U eshop Minisite
Parodius: The Octopus Saves the Earth at IGN
Parodius: The Octopus Saves the Earth at GameFAQs
Parodius: The Octopus Saves the Earth at Hardcore Gaming 101
Parodius: The Octopus Saves the Earth at Sakura (in Japanese)
1988 video games
D4 Enterprise games
Japan-exclusive video games
Mobile games
MSX games
Parodius
Horizontally scrolling shooters
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Kinuyo Yamashita
Video games set on fictional planets
Video games set in outer space
Virtual Console games
Virtual Console games for Wii U
Windows games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Donikian
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George Jack Donikian (born 15 December 1951) is an Australian former radio and television news presenter/personality. He has worked at the SBS as well as the Nine Network and Ten Network.
Early life
Donikian was born and raised in Kingsford, Sydney. His father was a Greek Armenian who had emigrated to Australia from Athens in 1949, with his fiancée following a year later. He grew up speaking Greek, Armenian and Turkish, and did not speak English until the age of 7. Despite his father's wish for him to become a doctor or barrister, Donikian found his calling in sports, in particular soccer. At the age of 16, his soccer skills brought him to the notice of Jozef Vengloš, the manager of the national team, however his sporting hopes ended when he dislocated his shoulder whilst lifting weights in training.
Radio career
Donikian commenced his media career as an announcer with radio station 4AM in far North Queensland in the mid-1970s, then went to 2WL in Wollongong. According to Donikian, he was asked to go by the surname "Donekan" during his radio career—his bosses claiming that his real name was too difficult to pronounce and remember, and that the pseudonym sounded like the more "acceptable" Irish surname "Donegan". Then he went to 2WS in 1979. Then he did talk back on Radio FIVEaa in Adelaide. Then he covered the Athens Olympics for Melbourne commercial radio in 2004.
Television career
George's television career began in 1980, when during a chance meeting he impressed Bruce Gyngell, who saw him as the ideal presenter for his multi cultural I.M.B.C television Network which launched in Melbourne and Sydney in 1980. Then he was a presenter for SBS World News, then as a newsreader for the Nine Network, and later Ten News
In 1988, Donikian hosted the first Ethnic Business Awards, which is a national business award highlighting migrant and Indigenous excellence in business.
When George first presented Ten News in 1991, he presented the weeknight bulletin solo before being joined by Nikki Dwyer the following year. He left Network Ten in September 2011, and became a "free agent" after a restructuring of Ten's newsroom saw him shifted to the weekend national evening bulletin.
Due to his popularity, he was parodied by comedian Steve Vizard in various skits on the comedy sketch program Fast Forward.
References
External links
Profile at Network Ten
10 News First presenters
Australian sports broadcasters
Australian people of Armenian descent
Australian people of Greek descent
Australian soccer chairmen and investors
Living people
1951 births
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnocomputing
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Ethnocomputing is the study of the interactions between computing and culture. It is carried out through theoretical analysis, empirical investigation, and design implementation. It includes research on the impact of computing on society, as well as the reverse: how cultural, historical, personal, and societal origins and surroundings cause and affect the innovation, development, diffusion, maintenance, and appropriation of computational artifacts or ideas. From the ethnocomputing perspective, no computational technology is culturally "neutral," and no cultural practice is a computational void. Instead of considering culture to be a hindrance for software engineering, culture should be seen as a resource for innovation and design.
Subject matter
Social categories for ethnocomputing include:
Indigenous computing: In some cases, ethnocomputing "translates" from indigenous culture to high tech frameworks: for example, analyzing the African board game Owari as a one-dimensional cellular automaton.
Social/historical studies of computing: In other cases ethnocomputing seeks to identify the social, cultural, historical, or personal dimensions of high tech computational ideas and artifacts: for example, the relationship between the Turing Test and Alan Turing's closeted gay identity.
Appropriation in computing: lay persons who did not participate in the original design of a computing system can still affect it by modifying its interpretation, use, or structure. Such "modding" may be as subtle as the key board character "emoticons" created through lay use of email, or as blatant as the stylized customization of computer cases.
Equity tools: a software "Applications Quest" has been developed for generating a "diversity index" that allows consideration of multiple identity characteristics in college admissions.
Technical categories in ethnocomputing include:
Organized structures and models used to represent information (data structures)
Ways of manipulating the organized information (algorithms)
Linguistic realizations of computation (theories of computation)
Mechanical realizations of computation (computational tools)
User interfaces
Internationalization and localization
Cultural HCI
Uses of computational tools (uses)
Ethnotechnology
Origins
Ethnocomputing has its origins in ethnomathematics. There are a large number of studies in ethnomathematics that could be considered ethnocomputing as well (e.g., Eglash (1999) and Ascher & Ascher (1981)). The idea of a separate field was introduced in 1992 by Anthony Petrillo in Responsive Evaluation of Mathematics Education in a Community of Jos, Nigeria, Dissertation (Ph.D.): State University of New York at Buffalo, which Petrillo elaborated a bit more on in March 1994, Ethnocomputers in Nigerian Computer Education, paper presented at the 31st Annual Conference of the Mathematical Association of Nigeria. Just like computer science is nowadays considered to be a field of research distinct from mat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefly%20%28website%29
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Firefly.com (1995–1999) was a community website featuring collaborative filtering.
History
The Firefly website was created by Firefly Network, Inc.(originally known as Agents Inc.) The company was founded in March 1995 by a group of engineers from MIT Media Lab and some business people from Harvard Business School, including Pattie Maes (Media Lab professor), Upendra Shardanand, Nick Grouf, Max Metral, David Waxman and Yezdi Lashkari. At the Media Lab, under the supervision of Maes, some of the engineers built a music recommendation system called HOMR (Helpful Online Music Recommendation Service; preceded by RINGO, an email-based system) which used collaborative filtering to help navigate the music domain to find other artists and albums that a user might like. With Matt Bruck and Khinlei Myint-U, the team wrote a business plan and Agents Inc took second place in the 1995 MIT 10K student business plan competition. Firefly's core technology was based on the work done on HOMR.
The Firefly website was launched in October 1995. It went through several iterations but remained a community throughout. It was initially created as a community for users to navigate and discover new musical artists and albums. Later it was changed to allow users to discover movies, websites, and communities as well.
Firefly technology was adopted by a number of well-known businesses, including the recommendation engine for barnesandnoble.com, ZDnet, launch.com (later purchased by Yahoo) and MyYahoo.
Since Firefly was amassing large amounts of profile data from its users, privacy became a big concern of the company. They worked with the Federal Government to help define consumer privacy protection in the digital age. They also were key contributors to OPS (Open Profiling Standard), a recommendation to the W3C (along with Netscape and VeriSign) to what eventually became known as the P3P (Platform for Privacy Preferences).
In April 1998, Microsoft purchased Firefly, presumably because of their innovations in privacy, and their long-term goal of creating a safe marketplace for consumers' profile data which the consumer controlled. The Firefly team at Microsoft was largely responsible for the first versions of Microsoft Passport.
Microsoft shut down the website in August 1999.
Homepages
The Firefly website had distinctive design and graphics. Early designs featured bright colors and a fun and eclectic look. Later redesigns reflected the company's push towards corporate customers and desire to de-emphasize the Firefly community website.
See also
Collaborative filtering
References
External links
Spanish Firefly - a Suck.com parody
HBS bulletin on Firefly
American social networking websites
Social information processing
Social software
Internet properties established in 1995
Defunct websites
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Situated
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In artificial intelligence and cognitive science, the term situated refers to an agent which is embedded in an environment. The term situated is commonly used to refer to robots, but some researchers argue that software agents can also be situated if:
they exist in a dynamic (rapidly changing) environment, which
they can manipulate or change through their actions, and which
they can sense or perceive.
Examples might include web-based agents, which can alter data or trigger processes (such as purchases) over the internet, or virtual-reality bots which inhabit and change virtual worlds, such as Second Life.
Being situated is generally considered to be part of being embodied, but it is useful to consider each perspective individually. The situated perspective emphasizes that intelligent behaviour derives from the environment and the agent's interactions with it. The nature of these interactions are defined by an agent's embodiment.
References
Hendriks-Jansen, Horst (1996) Catching Ourselves in the Act: Situated Activity, Interactive Emergence, Evolution, and Human Thought. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Artificial intelligence
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%E2%80%93Darling%20test
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The Anderson–Darling test is a statistical test of whether a given sample of data is drawn from a given probability distribution. In its basic form, the test assumes that there are no parameters to be estimated in the distribution being tested, in which case the test and its set of critical values is distribution-free. However, the test is most often used in contexts where a family of distributions is being tested, in which case the parameters of that family need to be estimated and account must be taken of this in adjusting either the test-statistic or its critical values. When applied to testing whether a normal distribution adequately describes a set of data, it is one of the most powerful statistical tools for detecting most departures from normality.
K-sample Anderson–Darling tests are available for testing whether several collections of observations can be modelled as coming from a single population, where the distribution function does not have to be specified.
In addition to its use as a test of fit for distributions, it can be used in parameter estimation as the basis for a form of minimum distance estimation procedure.
The test is named after Theodore Wilbur Anderson (1918–2016) and Donald A. Darling (1915–2014), who invented it in 1952.
The single-sample test
The Anderson–Darling and Cramér–von Mises statistics belong to the class of
quadratic EDF statistics (tests based on the empirical distribution function). If the hypothesized distribution is , and empirical (sample) cumulative distribution function is , then the quadratic EDF statistics measure the distance between and by
where is the number of elements in the sample, and is a weighting function. When the weighting function is , the statistic
is the Cramér–von Mises statistic. The Anderson–Darling (1954) test is based on the distance
which is obtained when the weight function is . Thus, compared with the Cramér–von Mises distance, the Anderson–Darling distance places more weight on observations in the tails of the distribution.
Basic test statistic
The Anderson–Darling test assesses whether a sample comes from a specified distribution. It makes use of the fact that, when given a hypothesized underlying distribution and assuming the data does arise from this distribution, the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the data can be assumed to follow a uniform distribution. The data can be then tested for uniformity with a distance test (Shapiro 1980). The formula for the test statistic to assess if data (note that the data must be put in order) comes from a CDF is
where
The test statistic can then be compared against the critical values of the theoretical distribution. In this case, no parameters are estimated in relation to the cumulative distribution function .
Tests for families of distributions
Essentially the same test statistic can be used in the test of fit of a family of distributions, but then it must be compared against the critical values ap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom%20Squad
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Atom Squad was an American science-fiction TV series that was broadcast live five times a week by the NBC network (out of their Philadelphia studios), Monday July 6, 1953, to January 22, 1954, running Monday through Friday, 5:00 to 5:15 pm EST. Each episode was only 15 minutes long, with a total of 142 black and white episodes.
Synopsis
The Atom Squad is a secret government agency that dealt with Cold War threats to US security involving radiation and nuclear weapons. The Atom Squad scientists, Steve Elliot and Dave Fielding, were respectively played by Robert Courtleigh and Bob Hastings, their chief by Bram Nossem.
The Atom Squad's secret New York City headquarters laboratory looked very much like Captain Video's secret mountain headquarters control room. The program's opening sequence showed a man in a "radiation suit" lumbering very slowly toward the camera.
Production notes
Storylines were usually completed in five, or sometimes 10 broadcasts. Paul Monash was the chief writer for the series and possibly its creator. The foes of the Atom Squad were usually mad scientists and evil Communist spies and saboteurs. However, the Squad ran into aliens from outer space in at least three different storylines.
Atom Squad originated from the studios of WPTZ in Philadelphia. The director was Joe Behar, and producers were Larry White and later Adrian Samish.
The theme music for the series was "Tumult and Commotion", an excerpt from Miklos Rozsa's orchestral work "Theme, Variations and Finale, Op. 13". The opening theme music (man in "radiation suit") was taken from original music by Serge Prokofiev for the Sergei Eisenstein film Alexander Nevsky.
Episode status
While Atom Squad kinescopes were probably made for West Coast rebroadcast, none are known to survive today. The series did not appear to have a sponsor and no tie-in toys or premiums are known to exist.
References
External links
Atom Squad Episode Guide
Atom Squad on Space Hero Files
1953 American television series debuts
1954 American television series endings
1950s American science fiction television series
American children's adventure television series
NBC original programming
American live television series
Space adventure television series
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
Lost television shows
Television series about nuclear war and weapons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Query%20optimization
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Query optimization is a feature of many relational database management systems and other databases such as NoSQL and graph databases. The query optimizer attempts to determine the most efficient way to execute a given query by considering the possible query plans.
Generally, the query optimizer cannot be accessed directly by users: once queries are submitted to the database server, and parsed by the parser, they are then passed to the query optimizer where optimization occurs. However, some database engines allow guiding the query optimizer with hints.
A query is a request for information from a database. It can be as simple as "find the address of a person with Social Security number 123-45-6789," or more complex like "find the average salary of all the employed married men in California between the ages 30 to 39 who earn less than their spouses." The result of a query is generated by processing the rows in a database in a way that yields the requested information. Since database structures are complex, in most cases, and especially for not-very-simple queries, the needed data for a query can be collected from a database by accessing it in different ways, through different data-structures, and in different orders. Each different way typically requires different processing time. Processing times of the same query may have large variance, from a fraction of a second to hours, depending on the chosen method. The purpose of query optimization, which is an automated process, is to find the way to process a given query in minimum time. The large possible variance in time justifies performing query optimization, though finding the exact optimal query plan, among all possibilities, is typically very complex, time-consuming by itself, may be too costly, and often practically impossible. Thus query optimization typically tries to approximate the optimum by comparing several common-sense alternatives to provide in a reasonable time a "good enough" plan which typically does not deviate much from the best possible result.
General considerations
There is a trade-off between the amount of time spent figuring out the best query plan and the quality of the choice; the optimizer may not choose the best answer on its own. Different qualities of database management systems have different ways of balancing these two. Cost-based query optimizers evaluate the resource footprint of various query plans and use this as the basis for plan selection. These assign an estimated "cost" to each possible query plan, and choose the plan with the smallest cost. Costs are used to estimate the runtime cost of evaluating the query, in terms of the number of I/O operations required, CPU path length, amount of disk buffer space, disk storage service time, and interconnect usage between units of parallelism, and other factors determined from the data dictionary. The set of query plans examined is formed by examining the possible access paths (e.g., primary index access, secondary in
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarization-division%20multiple%20access
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Polarization-division multiple access (PDMA) is a channel access method used in some cellular networks and broadcast satellite services. Separate antennas are used in this type, each with different polarization and followed by separate receivers, allowing simultaneous regional access of satellites.
Each corresponding ground station antenna needs to be polarized in the same way as its counterpart in the satellite. This is generally accomplished by providing each participating ground station with an antenna that has dual polarization. The frequency band allocated to each antenna beam can be identical because the uplink signals are orthogonal in polarization. This technique allows frequency reuse.
See also
Frequency-division multiple access
Code-division multiple access
Time-division multiple access
Channel access methods
Polarization (waves)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware%20security%20module
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A hardware security module (HSM) is a physical computing device that safeguards and manages secrets (most importantly digital keys), performs encryption and decryption functions for digital signatures, strong authentication and other cryptographic functions. These modules traditionally come in the form of a plug-in card or an external device that attaches directly to a computer or network server. A hardware security module contains one or more secure cryptoprocessor chips.
Design
HSMs may have features that provide tamper evidence such as visible signs of tampering or logging and alerting, or tamper resistance which makes tampering difficult without making the HSM inoperable, or tamper responsiveness such as deleting keys upon tamper detection. Each module contains one or more secure cryptoprocessor chips to prevent tampering and bus probing, or a combination of chips in a module that is protected by the tamper evident, tamper resistant, or tamper responsive packaging.
A vast majority of existing HSMs are designed mainly to manage secret keys. Many HSM systems have means to securely back up the keys they handle outside of the HSM. Keys may be backed up in wrapped form and stored on a computer disk or other media, or externally using a secure portable device like a smartcard or some other security token.
HSMs are used for real time authorization and authentication in critical infrastructure thus are typically engineered to support standard high availability models including clustering, automated failover, and redundant field-replaceable components.
A few of the HSMs available in the market have the capability to execute specially developed modules within the HSM's secure enclosure. Such an ability is useful, for example, in cases where special algorithms or business logic has to be executed in a secured and controlled environment. The modules can be developed in native C language, .NET, Java, or other programming languages. Further, upcoming next-generation HSMs can handle more complex tasks such as loading and running full operating systems and COTS software without requiring customization and reprogramming. Such unconventional designs overcome existing design and performance limitations of traditional HSMs while providing the benefit of securing application-specific code. These execution engines protect the status of an HSM's FIPS or Common Criteria validation.
Certification
Due to the critical role they play in securing applications and infrastructure, general purpose HSMs and/or the cryptographic modules are typically certified according to internationally recognized standards such as Common Criteria (e.g. using Protection Profile EN 419 221-5, "Cryptographic Module for Trust Services") or FIPS 140 (currently the 3rd version, often referred to as FIPS 140-3). Although the highest level of FIPS 140 security certification attainable is Security Level 4, most of the HSMs have Level 3 certification. In the Common Criteria system the highest
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter%20Trans%20Air
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Inter Trans Air was a cargo airline based in Sofia, Bulgaria. The airline ceased all operations in 2002.
Code data
ICAO Code: ITT
Fleet
The Inter Trans Air fleet consisted of 2 Antonov An-12BP aircraft (at January 2005).
References
Flight International, 5–11 April 2005
Defunct airlines of Bulgaria
Airlines established in 1996
Airlines disestablished in 2005
Bulgarian companies established in 1996
2005 disestablishments in Bulgaria
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Book%20of%20Daniel%20%28TV%20series%29
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The Book of Daniel is an American drama television series that was broadcast on NBC. The network promoted it as a serious drama about Christians and the Christian faith, but it was controversial with some Christians. The show had been proposed for NBC's 2005 fall line-up, but was rescheduled as a 2006 mid-season replacement. The program premiered on January 6, 2006, in the US and was scheduled to air in thirteen episodes on Friday nights. The series ended on January 20, 2006. NBC called the show "edgy", "challenging", and "courageous" in its promotional material. On January 24, 2006, a spokeswoman for NBC announced the show had been dropped.
Synopsis
Set in the fictional town of Newbury in Westchester County, New York, the main character is the Reverend Daniel Webster (Aidan Quinn), an unconventional Episcopal priest who is addicted to narcotic painkillers while his wife Judith (Susanna Thompson) fights her dependence on mid-day martinis.
Struggling to be a good husband, father, and priest, Webster regularly sees and talks with a traditional Western-world, white-skinned, white-robed and bearded Jesus (Garret Dillahunt) who nonetheless is rather unconventional. Daniel's Jesus appears only to him and openly questions modern interpretations of Church teachings, reminding Daniel of his own strengths and weaknesses.
The Webster family includes 23-year-old gay son Peter (Christian Campbell), 16-year-old daughter Grace (Alison Pill) (arrested for drug possession in the pilot episode), and 16-year-old adopted Chinese son Adam (Ivan Shaw), who is dating Caroline Paxton (Leven Rambin), the daughter of one of Daniel's parishioners who harbors anti-Asian prejudices. Another son, Peter's twin brother Jimmy, died of leukemia two years prior to the beginning of the series; Christian Campbell also played the role of Jimmy in flashback scenes in an unaired episode (which was included in the DVD release).
When Daniel's brother-in-law Charlie absconds with church funds and abandons his family, Daniel's sister-in-law (Cheryl White) enters a lesbian relationship with Charlie's bisexual secretary. Bishop Beatrice Congreve (Ellen Burstyn) is involved with Daniel's married father (James Rebhorn), a retired bishop who, despite his gruff exterior, is troubled by dealing with his wife's Alzheimer's disease.
Cast
Aidan Quinn as Daniel Webster
Susanna Thompson as Judith Webster
Ivan Shaw as Adam Webster
Garret Dillahunt as Jesus
Alison Pill as Grace Webster
Christian Campbell as Peter Webster
Ellen Burstyn as Beatrice Congreve
James Rebhorn as Bertram Webster
Dylan Baker as Roger Northrup
Episodes
Controversy
The New York Times reported NBC had difficulty selling advertising during the program, even after offering significant rate discounts, because of controversial content.
Stations refuse to air
Eight of NBC's 232 affiliates refused to carry the program due to viewer complaints: WSMV in Nashville, Tennessee (owned at the time by Meredith Corporation); WGBC in Meri
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediaci%C3%B3n%20A%C3%A9rea
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Intermediación Aérea was an airline based in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. It was established in 1997 and operated domestic passenger and cargo services. It ceased operations in 2005.
Code data
ICAO Code: IEA (not current)
Fleet
Intermediación Aérea used different aircraft along its history.
2 ATR 42/300
1 Swearingen Merlin II
1 Learjet 35A
References
External links
Intermediación Aérea aircraft Pictures
Airlines established in 1997
Airlines disestablished in 2005
Defunct airlines of Spain
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebraska%20Public%20Media
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Nebraska Public Media, formerly Nebraska Educational Telecommunications (NET), is a state network of public radio and television stations in the U.S. state of Nebraska. It is operated by the Nebraska Educational Telecommunications Commission (NETC). The television stations are all members of the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS), while the radio stations are members of National Public Radio (NPR).
The network is headquartered in the Terry M. Carpenter & Jack G. McBride Nebraska Public Media Center which is located at 1800 North 33rd Street on the East campus of the University of Nebraska in Lincoln, and has a satellite studio in Omaha.
History
Television
Nebraska was one of the first states in the nation to begin the groundwork for educational broadcasting. The University of Nebraska successfully applied to have channel 18 in Lincoln allocated for educational use in 1951.
Meanwhile, broadcasting pioneer John Fetzer purchased Lincoln's two commercial TV stations, KOLN-TV (channel 12) in August 1953 and KFOR-TV (channel 10) in February 1954. In order to avoid running afoul of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ownership regulations and to create a commercial broadcast monopoly for himself in the Lincoln market, Fetzer moved KOLN from its sign-on channel 12 to KFOR's channel 10 and offered to donate the channel 12 license to UNL. Since this would allow UNL to use more signal at less cost, the school quickly jumped at this proposal. KUON-TV went on the air on November 1, 1954, from KOLN-TV's studios, where the stations had to take turns using studio space; when KOLN was live, KUON had to broadcast a film, and vice versa. The station joined the nascent National Educational Television network (which had begun operations in May) upon its sign-on. It was operated in trust for UNL until 1956, when the FCC granted the channel 12 license to the school's Board of Regents. In 1957, KUON moved to its own studios in the Temple Building on the UNL campus. In 1960, the Nebraska Council for Educational Television was created by six school districts in Nebraska. By 1961, five VHF and three UHF channels were allocated for educational use in Nebraska—the largest set ever approved for educational use in a single state. In 1963, the state legislature, per a committee's recommendation, approved plans for a statewide educational television network under the control of the Nebraska Educational Television Commission. A deal was quickly reached in which Lincoln's KUON-TV would remain under UNL's ownership, but serve as the new state network's flagship.
In 1965, KLNE-TV in Lexington became the first station in the new state network, followed a month later (October 1965) by KYNE-TV at channel 26 in Omaha. The state network grew quickly; six stations signed on from 1966 to 1968 to complete the state network. It began a full seven-day schedule in 1969. The Nebraska Educational Telecommunications Center opened in 1972; it is named for Carpenter, a state senator who int
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hierarchical%20classification
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Hierarchical classification is a system of grouping things according to a hierarchy.
In the field of machine learning, hierarchical classification is sometimes referred to as instance space decomposition, which splits a complete multi-class problem into a set of smaller classification problems.
See also
Deductive classifier
Cascading classifiers
Faceted classification
References
External links
Hierarchical Classification – a useful approach for predicting thousands of possible categories
Classification algorithms
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20resources
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In the X Window System, the X resources are parameters of computer programs such as the name of the font used in the buttons, the background color of menus, etc. They are used in conjunction with or as an alternative to command line parameters and configuration files.
Format
At the X protocol level, resources are strings that are stored in the server and have no special meaning. The syntax and meaning of these strings is given by client libraries and applications.
Every X resource specifies a parameter for a program or one of its components. A fully specified resource has the following format:
application.component.subcomponent.subcomponent.attribute: value
This resource specifies the value of attribute for the component named component.subcomponent.subcomponent of the program application. Resources are often used for specifying the parameters of widgets created by the application. Since these widgets are arranged in a tree, the sequence of component/subcomponent names is used to identify a widget by giving its path within the tree. The value of the resource is the value of an attribute for this widget, such as its background color, etc.
X resources are also used to specify parameters for the program that are not directly related to its widgets, using the same syntax.
X resources are designed to allow the same parameter to be specified for more than one program or component. This is realized by allowing wildcard characters in a resource specification. In particular, the ? character is used to match the application name or a single component. The * character is used to match any number of components. These two characters can be used anywhere but at the end of the resource name. In other words, an attribute cannot be replaced by a wildcard character.
While the resources can be loosely specified via the wildcard characters, queries for the value of a resource must specify that resource exactly. For example, a resource can specify that the background of every component of the xmail program must be red:
xmail*background: red
However, when a program (e.g., the xmail program itself, when it wants to find out which background color to use) accesses the resource database via Xlib functions, it can only request the value of a specific resource. Contrary to most databases, the stored data can be specified loosely (via wildcard characters), but the interrogation cannot. For example, a program can query for the value of xmail.main.background or of xmail.toc.buttons.background, but cannot use ? or * to check the background color of several components at once.
Resources can also be specified for classes of elements: for example, application.widget.widget.attribute: value can be generalized by replacing the application name with its class (e.g., Mail instead of xmh), each widget with its type (Pane, Button, etc.), and the attribute with its type.
Location and use
During X display server execution, the X resources are stored in two standard locations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20NBA%20Finals%20broadcasters
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The following is a list of the television and radio networks and announcers that have broadcast NBA Finals games in the United States and Canada over the years.
In addition to the English-language broadcasts, the NBA Finals also have Spanish-language broadcasts since 2002.
Television
2020s
Notes
2020: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the NBA postponed its regular season from March 11 to July 29, resuming with the seeding games for the 22 contending teams. Consequently, the 2020 Finals were played inside a bubble at the ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex in Bay Lake, Florida from September 30 to October 11, the latest date to end an NBA season. The Finals between the Los Angeles Lakers and the Miami Heat was the lowest-rated NBA Finals ever (4.0 rating over six games).
2021: Rachel Nichols was originally assigned to work as a sideline reporter, but was replaced by Malika Andrews after a private video leaked of Nichols uttering insensitive racial comments towards African American ESPN personality Maria Taylor. Both Nichols and Taylor eventually left ESPN, with Taylor heading to NBC Sports after a contract dispute, and Nichols agreeing to a buyout after she was taken off of ESPN programming and had her show, The Jump, canceled due to this incident.
2022: ESPN2 will televise NBA Finals: Celebrating 75, a special alternate presentation for Game 1 which air Thursday at 9 PM ET from Seaport District studios in New York. Several guests will included Magic Johnson and Julius Erving. Mike Breen and Jeff Van Gundy missed Game 1 due to COVID-19 protocols, and Mark Jones filled in for Breen. Jones, Mark Jackson and Lisa Salters made history in Game 1 as the first all-African American broadcast team to cover an NBA Finals game. Breen also missed Game 2, whereas Van Gundy returned.
2023: NBA in Stephen A's World, an alternate broadcast of ESPN's NBA games with Stephen A. Smith as host along with various guests, aired on ESPN2 during Game 1 of the Finals.
2010s
Notes
Per the current broadcast agreements, the Finals will be broadcast by ABC through 2025.
For the 2019 Finals (the first to feature the Toronto Raptors), TSN and Sportsnet, the main Canadian rightsholders of both the NBA and the Raptors, were permitted to broadcast distinct Canadian telecasts, in addition to the ABC telecast being simulcast on their co-owned broadcast networks. Telecasts on both TSN and Sportsnet use a common technical crew employed by Raptors team owner Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment.
2000s
Notes
Although the 2007 NBA Finals aired on ABC (as had been the case since 2003), they were the first to carry the "ESPN on ABC" branding instead of the ABC Sports branding.
2007: The Finals between the San Antonio Spurs and the Cleveland Cavaliers was the lowest rated NBA Finals until 2020 (6.2 percent rating over four games).
Since 2007, NBA ratings have steadily risen, thanks to the resurgence of nationally recognized NBA teams, their star power, and their annual presence in the NBA Fin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scratch%20space
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Scratch space is space on the hard disk drive that is dedicated for storage of temporary user data. It is unreliable by intention and has no back up. Scratch disks may occasionally be set to erase all data at regular intervals so that the disk space is left free for future use. The management of scratch disk space is typically dynamic, occurring when needed. Its advantage is that it is faster than e.g. network filesystems.
Scratch space is commonly used in scientific computing workstations, and in graphic design programs such as Adobe Photoshop. It is used when programs need to use more data than can be stored in system RAM. A common error in that program is "scratch disks full", which occurs when one has the scratch disks configured to be on the boot drive. Many computer users gradually fill up their primary hard drive with permanent data, slowly reducing the amount of space the scratch disk may take up.
Partitioning off a significant fraction of the boot hard drive and leaving that space empty will ensure a reliable scratch disk. Hard drive space, on a per-gigabyte basis, is far cheaper than RAM, though performs far slower. Though dedicating a separate physical drive from the main operating system and software can improve performance, a scratch disk will not match RAM for speed.
See also
Scratch tape
Swap partition
Temporary folder
TMPDIR
References
Computing terminology
Computer files
Rotating disc computer storage media
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20and%20Marty
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Spin and Marty is a series of television shorts that aired as part of The Mickey Mouse Club show of the mid-1950s, produced by Walt Disney and broadcast on the ABC network in the United States. There were three serials in all, set at the Triple R Ranch, a boys' western-style summer camp. The first series of 25 eleven-minute episodes, The Adventures of Spin and Marty, was filmed in 1955. Its popularity led to two sequels — The Further Adventures of Spin and Marty in 1956 and The New Adventures of Spin and Marty in 1957.
The serials were based on the 1942 novel Marty Markham by Lawrence Edward Watkin. The shows' success led to a reprinting of Watkin's novel in 1956 and the Spin and Marty comic books of the late 1950s. Spin and Marty aired as reruns on the Disney Channel until September 9, 2002. The first season's 25 episodes with bonus material were released on DVD by Disney in 2005.
Premise and major characters
The serialized Disney television adaptation of the novel starred David Stollery as the rich, orphaned Martin "Marty" Markham and Tim Considine as the poorer Spin Evans, the most athletic and popular boy at the Triple R Ranch. When the pampered Marty first arrives at the ranch in a chauffeur-driven limousine, his contemptuous dismissal of the dude ranch as a "dirty old farm" and evident fear of horses result in his ostracism by the other boys, led by Spin. By the end of the first season, however, Marty overcomes his fears and wins acceptance, becoming close friends with his erstwhile foe, Spin. Supporting roles include Sammy Ogg as their jokester sidekick Joe Simpson, and B. G. Norman as Ambitious, Marty's first friend at the Triple R.
The cast of the second season added popular Mouseketeer Annette Funicello as Annette from the Circle H, and Kevin Corcoran as Moochie. The third season added another Mouseketeer, Darlene Gillespie, and the program evolved into a showcase for song and dance sketches as part of a "Let's put on a show!" storyline reminiscent of Mickey Rooney–Judy Garland movies.
All three serials also had Roy Barcroft as Triple R owner Col. Logan, Harry Carey Jr. as popular counselor Bill Burnett, and J. Pat O'Malley as Perkins, Marty's butler and the Triple R's assistant cook. In the first two serials, Leonard Geer played Ollie, the wisecracking (and wise) stablehand in charge of the horses.
Production
Disney's producer was Bill Walsh and the screenplay was written by Jackson Gillis. The director was William Beaudine. Budgeted at $600,000 (equivalent to more than $5 million in ), filming for the inaugural season's episodes began at the Golden Oak Ranch in June 1955 and wrapped in September, while the juvenile cast members were on summer vacation from school. The shows' success led to Disney reprinting Watkin's novel in 1956, which is available for online viewing.
Music
The series featured a couple of songs, the "Triple R Ranch" song ("Yippee Yay, Yippee Yi, Yippee Yo"), as well as a song about "Slue-Foot Sue" ("Buckaroo"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis%20Channel
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Tennis Channel is an American sports-oriented digital cable and satellite television network owned by the Sinclair Television Group subsidiary of the Sinclair Broadcast Group. It is devoted to events and other programming related to the game of tennis, along with other racquet sports such as badminton, pickleball, and racquetball. Launched on May 15, 2003, the channel is headquartered in Santa Monica, California, and produces its programming out of an HD-capable broadcast center in the Los Angeles suburb of Culver City. Ken Solomon serves as the network's Chief Executive Officer.
Tennis Channel is available across the United States from most cable providers and on satellite providers DirecTV and Dish Network. As of January 2019, the channel has 61.2 million households as subscribers (66.4% of those with cable).
History
In 2001, Tennis Channel was founded by Steve Bellamy in the shed in his backyard, who soon hired Bruce Rider to head up programming and marketing. A group known as the "Viacom Mafia"—a group that includes Viacom's former CEOs, Philippe Dauman and Frank Biondi, and current CEO, Thomas E. Dooley—became involved in the founding of the channel. This group invested and rounded up additional investors, Bain Capital Ventures, J.P. Morgan Partners, Battery Ventures, Columbia Capital, Pete Sampras and Andre Agassi, who as a group invested about $100 million. These founders felt with other single sports channel like the Golf Channel succeeding with a mostly male demographic and tennis having viewer of both sexes and of a desirable high-end demographic that a tennis channel would draw in advertisers. The channel was launched in early-2003, with its first live event being a Fed Cup tie in Lowell, Massachusetts in April. Barry MacKay was one of the original Commentators.
In 2005, Tennis Channel acquired the ATP Tour's Franklin Templeton Tennis Classic in Scottsdale (which it had held the television rights to) from IMG, and moved it to Las Vegas as the Tennis Channel Open in 2006. Tennis Channel announced plans to hold women's and junior events alongside it.
In 2005, after struggling viewership (having only reached a subscriber base of 5 million by 2006), attributed to a lack of coverage of high-profile tournaments (such as the Grand Slam), the channel's David Meister was replaced by Ken Solomon. On February 1, 2006, Tennis Channel became a charter member of the new Association of Independent Programming Networks. Tennis Channel's senior vice president of distribution Randy Brown was a co-founder of the group, alongside The American Channel's Doron Gorshein.
Outbidding ESPN by double, Tennis Channel acquired cable rights to the French Open in 2006. The network sub-licensed approximately half of the package to ESPN, at a lower cost than ESPN would have paid for the entire tournament. In 2008, Tennis Channel sold the Tennis Channel Open event back to the ATP, citing growth of its core businesses tied to its rapid acquisitions of Grand Slam
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT%26T%20Information%20Systems
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AT&T Information Systems (ATTIS), originally known as American Bell, was the fully separate subsidiary of American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T) which focused on computer technology ventures and telephone sales, and other unregulated business. It was one of the three core units of AT&T formed after the breakup of the Bell System. As a twenty-five percent owner, AT&T Information Systems utilized production of Olivetti to manufacture their AT&T PC 6300 series of computers. Along with the 3B series computers and the AT&T UNIX PC the PC 6300 series of computers represented a multi-faceted strategy of competing with IBM, who was the leading computer manufacturer of the time.
History
After the breakup of the Bell System, which became effective in January 1984, AT&T Corporation—the world's largest company—was allowed to enter the computer market. In 1979 and 1980, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) conducted Computer Inquiry I and II, which restricted Western Electric from selling "enhanced services", such as telephone equipment and other unregulated business, except through a fully separated AT&T subsidiary. As a result, American Bell, Inc. was formed, and began operations in 1982.
Observers expected American Bell, with Bell Labs and Western Electric, to challenge market leader IBM, and saw its first 3B series computers in March 1984 as the most important products in the industry since the IBM PC in 1981. AT&T, they thought, had the technology to become an important computer company, while its large size would reassure customers that its products would not become orphaned technology. Employees at American Bell who worked in AT&T facilities that housed Bell Labs and Western Electric offices often encountered bureaucratic red tape, such as restrictions on using the one library in the same building because it was owned by Bell Labs.
American Bell contained two core units:
American Bell Consumer Products - sold residential telephones/terminal equipment
American Bell Advanced Information Systems - sold business telephone/terminal equipment, such as the American Bell Merlin system, PCs, and mid-sized computers running on the company's proprietary Unix operating system.
On January 1, 1983, a year prior to the final breakup of the Bell System in 1984, American Bell Advanced Information Systems (AIS) was launched as an unregulated AT&T subsidiary with a mission to directly challenge IBM in the communications/computer space. Led by Mr. Archie J. McGill, who joined AT&T in 1973 after a rapid rise at the International Business Machines Corporation. McGill was charged with transitioning and positioning the telephone company for the era of deregulated head-to-head competition in the high-tech market. The new enterprise was introduced to the world with a splash on New Year's Eve 1983 at New York Times Square when the traditional New Year's Eve crystal countdown ball was replaced with a crystal version of the new American Bell Advanced Information
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libcwd
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Libcwd is a C++ library, written by Carlo Wood, to add run-time debugging support for C++ applications, particularly for code developed with the GNU Compiler Collection. The functionality that the library adds to an application can be divided into three categories:
Ostream-based debug output.
Run-time access to debug information.
Run-time access to memory allocation administration.
Supported platforms
Although the library code itself attempts to be strictly ISO C++, and conform to POSIX as much as possible, in order to achieve points 2 and 3, rather specialized code is needed, specific to the architecture the application runs on. Libcwd restricts itself to a narrow architecture for this reason: It has to be compiled with the GNU compiler, and demands the object code to be 32 or 64 bits ELF and the compiler generated debug information to be DWARF-2.
Compiling libcwd results in two libraries: one that is thread-safe (libcwd_r) and a version (libcwd) without thread support. The thread-safe version depends on even more architecture specific details (namely, the GNU C library). As a result, a full featured libcwd is basically only suitable for development on Linux platforms.
However, libcwd may be configured to drop thread support, memory allocation debugging and/or reading the ELF and DWARF-2 debugging information—until only the ostream debug output support is left. This way one can use it to develop an application on linux until it is robust, and still have the debug output on other (POSIX) platforms, even though a full-fledged libcwd isn't available there—provided no thread-safety is needed for the debug output on those platforms: two or more threads writing debug output to the same ostream might cause a rather messy output where the output of one line starts in the middle of another, without thread-support.
Ostream based debug output
Libcwd provides several macros that are easily extensible, allowing the user to basically do anything that one can normally do with ostreams. However, if one just wants to write debug output, two macros will suffice: Dout and DoutFatal. The latter is to be used for fatal debug output, after which the application needs to be terminated. For example:
if (error)
DoutFatal(dc::fatal, "An unrecoverable error occurred.");
The difference with Dout is that when the application is compiled without debug code, the macro Dout() is replaced with nothing, while DoutFatal() is replaced with code that prints its output and terminates (in a way that the user can define).
Simple debug output is written by using Dout, as follows:
Dout(dc::notice, "called from " << location_ct(CALL_ADDR));
where the second parameter is allowed to contain '<<' to write any type or object to the debug output stream (a location_ct in this case).
The 'dc::fatal' and 'dc::notice' are debug 'channels', which can be turned on or off. The user can create and use any number of custom debug channels, in addition to the default ones. It is also
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newell%27s%20algorithm
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Newell's Algorithm is a 3D computer graphics procedure for elimination of polygon cycles in the depth sorting required in hidden surface removal. It was proposed in 1972 by brothers Martin Newell and Dick Newell, and Tom Sancha, while all three were working at CADCentre.
In the depth sorting phase of hidden surface removal, if two polygons have no overlapping extents or extreme minimum and maximum values in the x, y, and z directions, then they can be easily sorted. If two polygons, and , do have overlapping extents in the Z direction, then it is possible that cutting is necessary.
In that case, Newell's algorithm tests the following:
Test for Z overlap; implied in the selection of the face from the sort list
The extreme coordinate values in X of the two faces do not overlap (minimax test in X)
The extreme coordinate values in Y of the two faces do not overlap (minimax test in Y)
All vertices of P lie deeper than the plane of
All vertices of Q lie closer to the viewpoint than the plane of
The rasterisation of and do not overlap
The tests are given in order of increasing computational difficulty.
The polygons must be planar.
If the tests are all false, then switch the order of and in the sort, record having done so, and try again. If there is an attempt to switch the order of a polygon a second time, there is a visibility cycle, and the polygons must be split. Splitting is accomplished by selecting one polygon and cutting it along the line of intersection with the other polygon. The above tests are again performed, and the algorithm continues until all polygons pass the above tests.
References
.
.
See also
Painter's algorithm
Boolean operations on polygons
3D computer graphics
Computer graphics algorithms
History of computing in the United Kingdom
Science and technology in Cambridgeshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenomics
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Phylogenomics is the intersection of the fields of evolution and genomics. The term has been used in multiple ways to refer to analysis that involves genome data and evolutionary reconstructions. It is a group of techniques within the larger fields of phylogenetics and genomics. Phylogenomics draws information by comparing entire genomes, or at least large portions of genomes. Phylogenetics compares and analyzes the sequences of single genes, or a small number of genes, as well as many other types of data. Four major areas fall under phylogenomics:
Prediction of gene function
Establishment and clarification of evolutionary relationships
Gene family evolution
Prediction and retracing lateral gene transfer.
The ultimate goal of phylogenomics is to reconstruct the evolutionary history of species through their genomes. This history is usually inferred from a series of genomes by using a genome evolution model and standard statistical inference methods (e.g. Bayesian inference or maximum likelihood estimation).
Prediction of gene function
When Jonathan Eisen originally coined phylogenomics, it applied to prediction of gene function. Before the use of phylogenomic techniques, predicting gene function was done primarily by comparing the gene sequence with the sequences of genes with known functions. When several genes with similar sequences but differing functions are involved, this method alone is ineffective in determining function. A specific example is presented in the paper "Gastronomic Delights: A movable feast". Gene predictions based on sequence similarity alone had been used to predict that Helicobacter pylori can repair mismatched DNA. This prediction was based on the fact that this organism has a gene for which the sequence is highly similar to genes from other species in the "MutS" gene family which included many known to be involved in mismatch repair. However, Eisen noted that H. pylori lacks other genes thought to be essential for this function (specifically, members of the MutL family). Eisen suggested a solution to this apparent discrepancy – phylogenetic trees of genes in the MutS family revealed that the gene found in H. pylori was not in the same subfamily as those known to be involved in mismatch repair. Furthermore, he suggested that this "phylogenomic" approach could be used as a general method for prediction functions of genes. This approach was formally described in 1998. For reviews of this aspect of phylogenomics see Brown D, Sjölander K. Functional classification using phylogenomic inference.
Prediction and retracing lateral gene transfer
Traditional phylogenetic techniques have difficulty establishing differences between genes that are similar because of lateral gene transfer and those that are similar because the organisms shared an ancestor. By comparing large numbers of genes or entire genomes among many species, it is possible to identify transferred genes, since these sequences behave differently from what is e
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20One%20with%20the%20Embryos
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"The One with the Embryos" is the twelfth episode of Friends fourth season. It first aired on the NBC network in the United States on January 15, 1998. In the episode, Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) agrees to be the surrogate mother for her brother Frank Jr. (Giovanni Ribisi) and his older wife Alice Knight (Debra Jo Rupp). Meanwhile, a display by Chandler (Matthew Perry) and Joey (Matt LeBlanc) of how well they know Monica (Courteney Cox) and Rachel (Jennifer Aniston) by guessing the items in their shopping bag leads to a large-scale bet on a quiz, for which Ross (David Schwimmer) acts as the gamemaster.
The episode was directed by Kevin S. Bright and co-written by Jill Condon and Amy Toomin. The idea for Kudrow's character Phoebe becoming a surrogate mother coincided with the actress' real-time pregnancy. The producers wanted to find a way to use the pregnancy in a narrative for the fourth season and designated the task to the writers. Ribisi and Rupp reprised their recurring roles of Frank Jr. and Alice respectively which was initially difficult as both had filming commitments.
In its original broadcast on NBC, "The One with the Embryos" acquired a 17.3 Nielsen rating, finishing the week ranked fourth. The episode received critical acclaim, is generally considered one of the best of the entire series, and is a favorite amongst the cast members and producers. In 2009, "The One with the Embryos" was ranked #21 on TV Guide'''s list of "TV's Top 100 Episodes of All Time."
Plot
Rachel (Jennifer Aniston) and Monica (Courteney Cox) are woken up too early in the morning by Joey (Matt LeBlanc) and Chandler's (Matthew Perry) chick and duck, as the maturing chick has just begun crowing. Later, as Rachel returns with her shopping and complains to the others about the situation, Phoebe (Lisa Kudrow) urges the boys to get rid of their birds as they should not be living in an apartment.
As Phoebe leaves for her doctor's appointment to get her brother Frank (Giovanni Ribisi) and his older wife Alice's (Debra Jo Rupp) embryo transferred into her uterus, Monica and Joey have an argument after Joey boasts that he and Chandler know more about Rachel and her than vice versa. Chandler backs Joey up, and the two correctly identify the contents of Rachel's shopping bag. Monica suggests a trivia contest to see who knows more about whom: the men or the women. They place a $100 bet on the outcome and Ross (David Schwimmer) puts together some questions and plays as host.
Meanwhile, Phoebe learns that the doctor will implant five of Frank and Alice's embryos into her uterus, which only has a 25% chance of success. She offers to do this as many times as possible for them, but is concerned when the two reveal that they are paying $16,000, which is all of their savings, for the single IVF procedure, and is helpless to influence the results.
The trivia game begins, with various facts about the characters being revealed such as Joey's space-cowboy imaginary friend (Maurice) and Ra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inet%20%28disambiguation%29
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Inet or INET may refer to:
The internet, global system of interconnected computer networks
Inet, electronic trading platform from the 1970s until its acquisition in 2002
INET or Institute for New Economic Thinking, New York City think tank
Inet TV, South Korean television channel
INET, company in Denji Sentai Megaranger, Japanese television serial of 1997–1998
the INET Framework, open-source model library for an OMNeT++ simulation environment
See also
iiNet, an Australian Internet service provider
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KSIX%20%28AM%29
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KSIX (1230 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a local sports format featuring 2 local shows as well as Dan Patrick, Jim Rome and nights and weekends from SportsMap, with additional programming from Westwood One. Licensed to Corpus Christi, Texas, the station is owned by Gregory Herrman, through licensee Dynamic Media, LLC. The station is also simulcast on 95.1 FM and 96.1 FM in Corpus Christi.
Programming
KSIX has two local talk shows: The Halftime Report with Pudge and the weekly Quick 60 Racing Show.
KSIX Sales Manager Terry Shannon.
KSIX live sports programing includes the Houston Texans, the Houston Rockets, and the Houston Astros. KSIX is the only station in the Astros Radio Network to broadcast every season since the team came into the league as the Houston Colt .45s and is about to begin its 50th year as an affiliate.
In addition to the team broadcast rights, KSIX also carries Sunday and Monday and Thursday Night Football, the NFL on Westwood One, the NCAA Basketball Tourney, BCS bowls, and Westwood One College Football and basketball.
References
External links
SIX
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabulator
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Tabulator may refer to:
Tabulating machine, a punched card data processing machine that preceded the computer
Tab key (↹), a standard keyboard key originally called the "tabulator key"
Tabulator, a data browser and editor originally developed by Tim Berners-Lee
A vote-counting machine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20system
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In Canada, a television system is a group of television stations which share common ownership, branding and programming, but which for some reason does not satisfy the criteria necessary for it to be classified as a television network under Canadian law. As the term "television system" has no legal definition, and as most audiences and broadcasters usually refer to groups of stations with common branding and programming as "networks" regardless of their structure, the distinction between the two entities is often not entirely clear; indeed, the term is rarely discussed outside the Canadian broadcasting enthusiast community. In the latter regard, however, a group of Canadian stations is currently considered a "network" if it satisfies at least one of the following requirements:
it operates under a network licence (either national or, in the case of Quebec where the majority of Canada's francophones reside, provincial) issued by the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC). Four such networks currently operate: CBC Television, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, TVA, and the Quebec provincial network V. (The Aboriginal Peoples Television Network, APTN, was reclassified as a specialty channel by the CRTC in 2013, although it continues to operate broadcast transmitters in certain rural areas.)
it has at least near-complete national over-the-air coverage (or equivalent mandatory cable carriage) in Canada's major population centres. Three additional station groups meet this criterion: CTV, the Global Television Network and Citytv.
If the group of stations does not match at least one of these criteria, it would then be classified as a "system".
In current practice, a television system may be either:
a small group of stations with common branding, such as CTV 2 or Omni Television, or
a regional group of stations within a larger network, such as CTV Atlantic, CTV Northern Ontario or CBC North, which are legally licensed as multiple stations but effectively act as a single station for programming, branding and advertising sales purposes.
Systems are differentiated from networks primarily by their less extensive service area – while a network will serve most Canadian broadcast markets in some form, a system will typically serve only a few markets. As well, a system may or may not offer some classes of programming, such as a national newscast, which are typically provided by a network.
Finally, with regards to "primary" systems, the amount of common programming on participating stations may be variable. While CTV Two (and previously City, the Baton Broadcast System (BBS) and Global) generally maintains programming and scheduling practices similar to networks (with variations required for specific stations licensed under educational or ethnic formats), the programming and scheduling of stations part of Omni and the Crossroads Television System often differs greatly between stations, with the system sometimes serving mainly as a common
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero%20differential%20overlap
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Zero differential overlap is an approximation in computational molecular orbital theory that is the central technique of semi-empirical methods in quantum chemistry. When computers were first used to calculate bonding in molecules, it was only possible to calculate diatomic molecules. As computers advanced, it became possible to study larger molecules, but the use of this approximation has always allowed the study of even larger molecules. Currently semi-empirical methods can be applied to molecules as large as whole proteins. The approximation involves ignoring certain integrals, usually two-electron repulsion integrals. If the number of orbitals used in the calculation is N, the number of two-electron repulsion integrals scales as N4. After the approximation is applied the number of such integrals scales as N2, a much smaller number, simplifying the calculation.
Details of approximation
If the molecular orbitals are expanded in terms of N basis functions, as:
where A is the atom the basis function is centred on, and are coefficients, the two-electron repulsion integrals are then defined as:
The zero differential overlap approximation ignores integrals that contain the product where μ is not equal to ν. This leads to:
where
The total number of such integrals is reduced to N(N + 1) / 2 (approximately N2 / 2) from [N(N + 1) / 2][N(N + 1) / 2 + 1] / 2 (approximately N4 / 8), all of which are included in ab initio Hartree–Fock and post-Hartree–Fock calculations.
Scope of approximation in semi-empirical methods
Methods such as the Pariser–Parr–Pople method (PPP) and CNDO/2 use the zero differential overlap approximation completely. Methods based on the intermediate neglect of differential overlap, such as INDO, MINDO, ZINDO and SINDO do not apply it when A = B = C = D, i.e. when all four basis functions are on the same atom. Methods that use the neglect of diatomic differential overlap, such as MNDO, PM3 and AM1, also do not apply it when A = B and C = D, i.e. when the basis functions for the first electron are on the same atom and the basis functions for the second electron are the same atom.
It is possible to partly justify this approximation, but generally it is used because it works reasonably well when the integrals that remain – – are parameterised.
References
Computational chemistry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory%20bandwidth
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Memory bandwidth is the rate at which data can be read from or stored into a semiconductor memory by a processor. Memory bandwidth is usually expressed in units of bytes/second, though this can vary for systems with natural data sizes that are not a multiple of the commonly used 8-bit bytes.
Memory bandwidth that is advertised for a given memory or system is usually the maximum theoretical bandwidth. In practice the observed memory bandwidth will be less than (and is guaranteed not to exceed) the advertised bandwidth. A variety of computer benchmarks exist to measure sustained memory bandwidth using a variety of access patterns. These are intended to provide insight into the memory bandwidth that a system should sustain on various classes of real applications.
Measurement conventions
There are three different conventions for defining the quantity of data transferred in the numerator of "bytes/second":
The bcopy convention: counts the amount of data copied from one location in memory to another location per unit time. For example, copying 1 million bytes from one location in memory to another location in memory in one second would be counted as 1 million bytes per second. The bcopy convention is self-consistent, but is not easily extended to cover cases with more complex access patterns, for example three reads and one write.
The Stream convention: sums the amount of data that the application code explicitly reads plus the amount of data that the application code explicitly writes. Using the previous 1 million byte copy example, the STREAM bandwidth would be counted as 1 million bytes read plus 1 million bytes written in one second, for a total of 2 million bytes per second. The STREAM convention is most directly tied to the user code, but may not count all the data traffic that the hardware is actually required to perform.
The hardware convention: counts the actual amount of data read or written by the hardware, whether the data motion was explicitly requested by the user code or not. Using the same 1 million byte copy example, the hardware bandwidth on computer systems with a write allocate cache policy would include an additional 1 million bytes of traffic because the hardware reads the target array from memory into cache before performing the stores. This gives a total of 3 million bytes per second actually transferred by the hardware. The hardware convention is most directly tied to the hardware, but may not represent the minimum amount of data traffic required to implement the user's code.
For example, some computer systems have the ability to avoid write allocate traffic using special instructions, leading to the possibility of misleading comparisons of bandwidth based on different amounts of data traffic performed.
Bandwidth computation and nomenclature
The nomenclature differs across memory technologies, but for commodity DDR SDRAM, DDR2 SDRAM, and DDR3 SDRAM memory, the total bandwidth is the product of:
Base DRAM clock
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloo
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Cloo (stylized as cloo), formerly known as Sleuth, was an American pay television channel owned and operated by NBCUniversal which aired programming originally dedicated to the crime and mystery genres, though it often fell out of this format in its later years with a more generic selection of series and films, and was used as an example of channel drift and superfluous channel bundling, presenting series easily found through other venues. The channel launched on January 1, 2006, replacing Trio. It ceased broadcasting on February 1, 2017.
, approximately 25,495,000 American households (21.9% of households with television) received Cloo, though this declined with later removals by several cable services as carriage agreements expired.
History
Cloo focused on mystery entertainment, with the majority of the channel's programming sourced from fellow Comcast networks such as NBC and USA Network. the network's schedule was made up mostly of repeats of current USA Network series, and marathons of acquired series from the Law and Order, NCIS, and CSI franchises, along with the original MacGyver and House. Films from the NBCUniversal library or acquired as part of USA Network's film rights purchases were also part of the schedule, meaning films having nothing to do with crimes or mysteries, such as Enchanted, The 40 Year-Old Virgin and Bee Movie aired on the network.
On August 15, 2011 Cloo was rebranded from its former name of Sleuth, in order for NBCU to be able to trademark and own the name, as the word "clue" itself is too common a name to be trademark-able and the commonness of both "sleuth" and "clue" would not work for search engine optimization. In addition, the different spelling averted any confusion with Hasbro's board game Clue.
Carriage decline and closure
On August 10, 2013, Cloo was dropped by Dish Network, which cited that most of the network's rerun-centric programming was duplicative of that available on other networks and streaming services. A year later on August 18, 2014, it was removed from Verizon FIOS for the same reason.
Charter Communications (Spectrum, Bright House Networks and Time Warner Cable) effectively ended the channel's life in January 2017, as with Esquire Network (another Comcast/NBCU network which was discontinued on June 28, 2017), when it refused to continue their carriage of Cloo within their new carriage agreements with NBCUniversal, removing around 2/3rds of the network's homes (bringing it down to 8.5 million households), and NBCU already had been looking to remove extraneous channels without original programming since the summer of 2016, criteria which Cloo, Chiller, and Esquire fell into. In the end, however, industry media had little to no notice of the closure, and only cable providers learned of its demise in advance on January 31 as of 5:59 a.m. ET from Comcast, due to the small amount of time which passed between Charter's settlement of their new NBCUniversal carriage agreement and the channel's cl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mask%20data%20preparation
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Mask data preparation (MDP), also known as layout post processing, is the procedure of translating a file containing the intended set of polygons from an integrated circuit layout into set of instructions that a photomask writer can use to generate a physical mask. Typically, amendments and additions to the chip layout are performed in order to convert the physical layout into data for mask production.
Mask data preparation requires an input file which is in a GDSII or OASIS format, and produces a file that is in a proprietary format specific to the mask writer.
MDP procedures
Although historically converting the physical layout into data for mask production was relatively simple, more recent MDP procedures require various procedures:
Chip finishing which includes custom designations and structures to improve manufacturability of the layout. Examples of the latter are a seal ring and filler structures.
Producing a reticle layout with test patterns and alignment marks.
Layout-to-mask preparation that enhances layout data with graphics operations and adjusts the data to mask production devices. This step includes resolution enhancement technologies (RET), such as optical proximity correction (OPC) or inverse lithography technology (ILT).
Special considerations in each of these steps must also be made to mitigate the negative affects associated with the enormous amounts of data they can produce; too much data can sometimes become a problem for the mask writer to be able to create a mask in a reasonable amount of time.
Mask Fracturing
MDP usually involves mask fracturing where complex polygons are translated into simpler shapes, often rectangles and trapezoids, that can be handled by the mask writing hardware. Because mask fracturing is such a common procedure within the whole MDP, the term fracture, used as a noun, is sometimes used inappropriately in place of the term mask data preparation. The term fracture does however accurately describe that sub-procedure of MDP.
Final Reticle
When a chip is to be manufactured, the individual die typically is repeated several times in the form of a matrix on the final reticle, This reticle layout includes horizontal and vertical scribe lines that enable later separation of individual dies after chip fabrication. The size of this matrix depends on the maximum reticle size for the wafer fab photolithographic tool.
References
Further reading
A survey of the field, from which this summary was partly derived, with permission.
Chapter 3.3 covers mask data generation in detail.
Electronic design automation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasant%20Honavar
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Vasant G. Honavar is an Indian born American computer scientist, and artificial intelligence, machine learning, big data, data science, causal inference, knowledge representation, bioinformatics and health informatics researcher and professor.
Early life and education
Vasant Honavar was born at Poona, India to Bhavani G. and Gajanan N. Honavar. He received his early education at the Vidya Vardhaka Sangha High School and M.E.S. College in Bangalore, India. He received a B.E. in Electronics & Communications Engineering from the B.M.S. College of Engineering in Bangalore, India in 1982, when it was affiliated with Bangalore University, an M.S. in electrical and computer engineering in 1984 from Drexel University, and an M.S. in computer science in 1989, and a Ph.D. in 1990, respectively, from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he studied Artificial Intelligence and worked with Leonard Uhr.
Career
Honavar is on the faculty of Penn State College of Information Sciences and Technology at Pennsylvania State University where he currently holds the Dorothy Foehr Huck and J. Lloyd Huck Chair in Biomedical Data Sciences and Artificial Intelligence and previously held the Edward Frymoyer Endowed Chair in Information Sciences and Technology. He serves on the faculties of the graduate programs in Computer Science, Informatics, Bioinformatics and Genomics, Neuroscience, Operations Research, Public Health Sciences, and of an undergraduate program in Data Science. Honavar serves as the Director of the Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory, Associate Director of the Institute for Computational and Data Sciences and the Director of the Center for Artificial Intelligence Foundations and Scientific Applications at Pennsylvania State University. Honavar serves on the Leadership Team of the Northeast Big Data Innovation Hub. Honavar served on the Computing Research Association's Computing Community Consortium Council during 2014-2017, where he chaired the task force on Convergence of Data and Computing, and was a member of the task force on Artificial Intelligence.
Honavar was the first Sudha Murty Distinguished Visiting Chair of Neurocomputing and Data Science by the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India. Honavar was named a Distinguished Member of the Association for Computing Machinery for "outstanding scientific contributions to computing"; and elected a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science for his "distinguished research contributions and leadership in data science".
As a Program Director in the Information Integration and Informatics program in the Information and Intelligent Systems Division of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the US National Science Foundation during 2010-13, Honavar led the Big Data Program.
Honavar was a professor of computer science at Iowa State University where he led the Artificial Intelligence Research Laboratory which he founded in 1990 and wa
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Uhr
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Leonard Uhr (1927 – October 5, 2000) was an American computer scientist and a pioneer in computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning and cognitive science. He was an expert in many aspects of human neurophysiology and perception, and a central theme of his research was to design artificial intelligence systems based on his understanding of how the human brain works. He was one of the early proponents of incorporation into artificial intelligence algorithms of methods for dealing with uncertainty.
Uhr published eight books (as author and/or editor) and nearly 150 journal and conference papers. His seminal work was an article written in 1963 with Charles Vossler, "A Pattern Recognition Program That Generates, Evaluates, and Adjusts Its Own Operators", reprinted in Computers and Thought — edited by Edward Feigenbaum and J. Feldman — which showcases the work of the scientists who defined the field of artificial intelligence. He was a Ph.D. major professor for 20 students, many of whom have gone on to become in their own right important contributors to artificial intelligence.
Uhr graduated from Princeton University in 1949 with a B.A. in psychology. He received master's degrees in philosophy from the University of Brussels and Johns Hopkins University in 1951 before obtaining his Ph.D. in psychology in 1957 from the University of Michigan. As a child, Uhr attended Oak Lane Country Day School outside Philadelphia.
Uhr was a professor of computer science and of neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Prior to that, he was also on the faculty of psychology at the University of Michigan.
Major works
Vasant Honavar and Leonard Uhr. (Ed.) Artificial Intelligence and Neural Networks: Steps Toward Principled Integration. New York: Academic Press. 1994.
Leonard Uhr. Multi-Computer Architectures for Artificial Intelligence: Toward Fast, Robust, Parallel Systems. New York: Wiley. 1987.
Leonard Uhr (Ed.) Parallel Computer Vision. Boston: Academic Press. 1987.
Leonard Uhr. Algorithm Structured Computer Arrays and Networks: Architectures for Images, Percepts, Models, Information. Boston: Academic Press. 1984.
Leonard Uhr. Pattern Recognition, Learning, and Thought. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. 1973.
Leonard Uhr (Ed.) Pattern Recognition. New York: Wiley. 1966.
Leonard Uhr and James Miller (Ed.) Drugs and Behavior. New York: Wiley. 1960.
John C. Pollard, Leonard Uhr, Elizabeth Stern. Drugs and Phantasy Boston: Little Brown and Company. 1965
External links
Unofficial home page
Obituary in the Wisconsin State Journal
References
1927 births
2000 deaths
American computer scientists
Artificial intelligence researchers
American cognitive scientists
Princeton University alumni
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty
University of Michigan faculty
Academic journal editors
University of Michigan alumni
20th-century American scientists
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank%20Foot%20Metro%20station
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Bank Foot is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the suburb of Kenton Bank Foot, Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network as a terminus station on 10 May 1981, following the opening of the second phase of the network, between South Gosforth and Bank Foot. The station was used by 0.11 million passengers in 2017–18, making it the third-least-used station on the network, after St Peter's and Pallion.
History
The station is located at the site of the former Kenton Bank station, which opened on 1 June 1905 as part of the Gosforth and Ponteland Light Railway. The line closed to passengers on 17 June 1929, with goods services operating from the station until January 1966.
Following the opening of the Tyne and Wear Metro station as a terminus in May 1981, the approach to Bank Foot was single track, with one platform on the south side (now used by trains towards Airport). For the first few years of operation, the Tyne and Wear Metro shared the line with freight services running to ICI Callerton, where explosives were transferred from rail to road for onward transport to quarries in Northumberland. This traffic ceased following the closure of ICI Callerton, in March 1989.
There were originally three tracks here. On the south side was the platform line, on the north side a siding for use by the Tyne and Wear Metro, and in the middle the non-electrified through line for freight services. The ownership boundary between the Tyne and Wear Metro and British Rail was the level crossing on Station Road, to the west of the station.
When the line was extended to Airport, the bridge to the east was re-built as double track, with Bank Foot station re-modelled as a double track station. A second platform was built on the north side (now used for trains towards South Hylton). The level crossing was also re-built in the same style as the other open level crossings on the system.
Following the opening of the line between Bank Foot and Airport on 17 November 1991, the station opened to through services. During the construction of the line, a dedicated bus service operated between Bank Foot and Newcastle International Airport.
In October 2012, traffic enforcement cameras were installed at the level crossings at Bank Foot and Kingston Park. Similar cameras were installed at Callerton Parkway in 2008.
In 2018, the station, along with others on the Airport branch, were refurbished as part of the Metro: All Change programme. The project saw improvements to accessibility, security and energy efficiency, as well as the re-branding of the station to the new black and white corporate colour scheme.
Facilities
Step-free access is available at all stations across the Tyne and Wear Metro network, with ramped access to both platforms at Bank Foot. The station is equipped with ticket machines, waiting shelter, seating, next train information displays, timetable posters, and an emergency help point on both platforms. Ticket machines are able to ac
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFFB%20%28AM%29
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CFFB is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 1230 AM. It operates a nested FM rebroadcasting transmitter, CFFB-FM-3 at 91.1 MHz in Iqaluit, Nunavut. The station broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network, and serves as the regional network centre for Nunavut for the CBC North service.
The local station began broadcasting on February 6, 1961. According to the Canadian Communications Foundation, the station was operating on 1200 kHz by 1966, until the station was approved to move to 1210 in 1971 but was moved to its current frequency at 1230 instead. The FB in the callsign stands for Frobisher Bay, which was renamed Iqaluit in 1987. The station operates from the CBC Building at the Astro Hill Complex in the centre of Iqaluit.
With the advent of the Anik A series of communications satellites in the 1970s, CFFB was transformed from a local station to the regional production centre for northern CBC stations serving Canada's Eastern Arctic. Satellite distribution and the installation of local radio transmitters in most Eastern Arctic communities in the mid-1970s brought Inuktitut and English radio programs produced in Iqaluit, along with network CBC Radio to most communities in what is now Nunavut.
CBC Music service is also provided in Iqaluit, broadcast at 88.3 FM with an effective radiated power of 800 watts. It provides a regular Eastern Time feed of the CBC Music network, with no local program origination. The CBC Music transmitter in Iqaluit is licensed as a rebroadcaster of CBM-FM in Montreal.
Local programming
The Iqaluit station produces most of CBC Radio's regional programs in Nunavut, including Qulliq on weekday morning, the noon-hour program Nipivut, Tausunni in the afternoon, and Saturday AM and Sunday AM on weekend mornings. Other afternoon Inuktitut programs Tuttavik and Tusaajaksat originate in Kuujjuaq, Quebec and Rankin Inlet, Nunavut, respectively. Some of the network's local programs air in English and Inuktitut, while others air in Inuktitut only.
The station also differs significantly from the main CBC Radio One schedule. Qulliq airs from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. Eastern Time, and is followed by abbreviated broadcasts of The Current and Q. In the afternoons, programming in Inuktitut, including Tausunni and Tuttavik, airs in place of the national network programs.
In the evenings, the Inuktitut cultural magazines Ullumi Tusaqsauqaujut and Sinnaksautit originate at the Iqaluit station, airing at 10 and 10:30 p.m. Eastern Time respectively; the Radio One schedule follows at 11 p.m.
The station airs a more extensive schedule of local programming than most CBC Radio stations. It does not produce a Saturday afternoon regional arts magazine series for the territory. Instead, it airs The True North Concert Series, a CBC North program featuring live music recorded across the three northern territories. It also carries a weekly music request program for youth on Sunday afternoons at 3pm Eastern Time.
Rebroadcasters
CFFB is
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WUFT-FM
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WUFT-FM (89.1 MHz) is an NPR member radio station owned by the University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida, broadcasting news and public media programming from NPR along with other distributors including APM, PRX, WNYC Studios and the BBC. The station also operates a full-time satellite, WJUF in Inverness at 90.1 FM.
History
UF has been involved in broadcasting for almost nine decades. It owns WRUF (850 AM and 103.7 FM), one of the oldest radio stations in the state. Sister television station WUFT-TV is Florida's third oldest public television station. Despite this pioneering role, UF was a relative latecomer to public radio. WUFT-FM did not sign on until September 27, 1981, bringing NPR programming to one of the few areas of the state still without any public radio at all. For most of its history, WUFT-FM aired a mix of classical music and NPR news programming. On August 3, 2009, WUFT-FM's programming was switched to mostly news and public affairs, while classical music was moved to WUFT-FM's HD2 digital subchannel.
WJUF signed on in 1995 as a full-time repeater of WUFT-FM. For years, it was known as Nature Coast 90, but in 2010 re-branded as Florida's 89.1 along with its parent station. In August 2018, the station was rebranded once again to WUFT 89.1/90.1 to reflect the WJUF frequency.
WUFT-FM broadcasts with 100,000 watts of effective radiated power and reaches the following counties in north-central Florida: Alachua, Union, Bradford, Gilchrist, Levy, Marion, Putnam, Clay, Columbia, Lafayette and Dixie. WJUF broadcasts with 20,000 watts of effective radiated power and reaches Sumter, Hernando, Citrus and Pasco counties. WUFT-FM can also be received in nearby St. Johns County and even as far north as Duval County.
WUFT-FM broadcasts one live weekly call-in show: Animal Airwaves - Live, hosted by Dana Hill, who interviews veterinarians from the University of Florida College of Veterinary Medicine. Previous talk programs include Connor Calling with Hank Connor (who retired) and Sikorski's Attic, hosted by antique expert John Sikorski, who answered listeners' questions about antiques and vintage collectibles. WUFT formerly had locally produced weekly programs, as well:
The Night Bridge - a 5-night-a-week overnight (11PM to 2AM) jazz show produced by professional WUFT staff member Ben Wilson and hosted by a nightly-rotation of UF and Santa Fe students. The show served as a "learning lab" for students. Its final show aired in August 2/3, 2009, hosted by Frank C. Bracco, making him the final on-air host for WUFT-FM under the old all-music format.
Soul Circuit - a soul/R&B-focused show on Saturdays helmed by long-time host Margi Hatch (last aired in 2020)
Nothin' But the Blues - a blues-theme show that played local and national artists. Under its final producer and host, Frank C. Bracco, the show also featured live performances from regional bands, interviews with national artists such as Mike Zito, coverage of the Bo Diddley celebration of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBYG-FM
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CBYG-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network in Prince George, British Columbia. The station airs at 91.5 FM, with an Effective Radiated Power of 100,000 watts and an antenna Height Above Average Terrain of 331.5 meters.
History
The station was launched in 1987 as a rebroadcaster of CBU Vancouver. Prior to its launch, CBC Radio programming aired on private affiliate CKPG. Local programming was introduced in 1988 when CBYG was issued a separate licence.
Local programming
CBYG and CFPR Prince Rupert jointly produce the local morning program Daybreak North. Carolina de Ryk conducts interviews and introduces segments from the studio in Prince Rupert while Bill Fee presents news, roads and weather from the studio in Prince George. Both stations air CBTK-FM's Radio West in the afternoons.
Rebroadcasters
On August 24, 2015, the CBC submitted an application to convert CBXU 940 to 103.1 MHz. The CRTC approved the CBC's application on November 16, 2015.
References
External links
CBC British Columbia
Decision CRTC 88-486
BYG
BYG
Radio stations established in 1987
1987 establishments in British Columbia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society%20%28disambiguation%29
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Society is a grouping of individuals who are united by a network of social relations and traditions, and may have distinctive culture and institutions.
Society may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media
Society (film), a 1989 Brian Yuzna film
Society (journal), an academic journal founded in 1962
Society (magazine), an Indian magazine
Society (play), an 1865 comedy drama by Thomas William Robertson
"Society" (song), a 1996 song by Pennywise
Society (video game), an online computer game by Stardock
The Society (TV series), a 2019 teen mystery drama series on Netflix
Other uses
Learned society, an organisation that promotes an academic discipline, profession, or a group of related disciplines
"[Polite] society", colloquially "mixed company"; a social context where etiquette is expected
High society or simply Society, the social events associated with the upper class
Society, a group of Christians similar to a church (congregation)
Society ball, a type of formal dance party
Society Islands, a group of islands in French Polynesia
Society of apostolic life, a group within the Catholic Church
Student society, a student club
The Vegan Society, a charity dedicated to veganism
Society (horse), an American thoroughbred horse
See also
High society (disambiguation)
Secret society (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service%20Data%20Objects
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Service Data Objects is a technology that allows heterogeneous data to be accessed in a uniform way. The SDO specification was originally developed in 2004 as a joint collaboration between Oracle (BEA) and IBM and approved by the Java Community Process in JSR 235. Version 2.0 of the specification was introduced in November 2005 as a key part of the Service Component Architecture.
Relation to other technologies
Originally, the technology was known as Web Data Objects, or WDO, and was shipped in IBM WebSphere Application Server 5.1 and IBM WebSphere Studio Application Developer 5.1.2. Other similar technologies are JDO, EMF, JAXB and ADO.NET.
Design
Service Data Objects denote the use of language-agnostic data structures that facilitate communication between structural tiers and various service-providing entities. They require the use of a tree structure with a root node and provide traversal mechanisms (breadth/depth-first) that allow client programs to navigate the elements. Objects can be static (fixed number of fields) or dynamic with a map-like structure allowing for unlimited fields. The specification defines meta-data for all fields and each object graph can also be provided with change summaries that can allow receiving programs to act more efficiently on them.
Developers
The specification is now being developed by IBM, Rogue Wave, Oracle, SAP, Siebel, Sybase, Xcalia, Software AG within the OASIS Member Section Open CSA since April 2007. Collaborative work and materials remain on the collaboration platform of Open SOA, an informal group of actors of the industry.
Implementations
The following SDO products are available:
Rogue Wave Software HydraSDO
Xcalia (for Java and .Net)
Oracle (Data Service Integrator)
IBM (Virtual XML Garden)
IBM (WebSphere Process Server)
There are open source implementations of SDO from:
The Eclipse Persistence Services Project (EclipseLink)
The Apache Tuscany project for Java and C++
The fcl-sdo library included with FreePascal
References
External links
Specification versions and history can be found on
Latest materials at OASIS Open CSA
Service Data Objects
SDO Specifications at OpenSOA
Introducing Service Data Objects for PHP
Using PHP's SDO and SCA extensions
Computer networking
Java specification requests
Persistence
Service-oriented (business computing)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin%20Hsin%20Hsin%20Art%20Museum
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The Lin Hsin Hsin Art Museum is notable as the first virtual museum completely modeled after a real-world museum. It has a live cyber graffiti wall and a search engine.
This online art museum website was originally established by the IT Inventor, digital artist, poet and composer Lin Hsin Hsin from Singapore in 1994 during the initial expansion of the World Wide Web. The site presents Lin Hsin Hsin's real-world contemporary art, digital art -- created by several breakthrough technologies, and the latest -- digitally created, displayed and performed in real-time on Android smartphone through online exhibits and has won several awards. Using advanced technology, the website was the first of its kind in Asia.
References
External links
Lin Hsin Hsin Art Museum website
Virtual art museums and galleries
Art museums and galleries in Singapore
Biographical museums in Singapore
Digital art
Women's museums
Internet properties established in 1994
1994 establishments in Singapore
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight%20Tyme
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Knight Tyme is a computer game released for the ZX Spectrum, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64 and MSX compatibles in 1986. It was published by Mastertronic as part of their Mastertronic Added Dimension label. Two versions of the ZX Spectrum release were published: a full version for the 128K Spectrum (which was published first) and a cut-down version for the 48K Spectrum that removed the music, some graphics and some locations (which was published later).
It was programmed by David Jones and is the third game in the Magic Knight series. The in-game music was written by David Whittaker on the C64 version and Rob Hubbard on the Spectrum and Amstrad versions. Graphics were by Ray Owen.
Plot
Having rescued his friend Gimbal the wizard from a self-inflicted white-out spell, the Magic Knight finds himself transported into the far future aboard the starship USS Pisces. Magic Knight must find a way back to his own time, with the help of the Tyme Guardians, before he is apprehended by the Paradox Police. On board the USS Pisces, the Magic Knight is first not recognized at all by the crew of the ship, and must create an ID Card, which he receives a template of from Derby IV, the ship's main computer. After getting his ID completed, he then takes command of the ship, first arriving at Starbase 1 to refuel the ship. After refueling, the Magic Knight collects the pieces of the Golden Sundial from Monopole, Retreat and Outpost. Returning to the ship with all the pieces of the sundial, he discovers that a time machine has appeared inside the USS Pisces to take him back to his own time.
Gameplay
Gameplay is very similar to Knight Tyme'''s predecessor, Spellbound. Once again, the game's wide range of commands are carried out using "Windimation", a system whereby text commands are carried out through choosing options in command windows.
The importance of watching Magic Knight's energy level and keeping him from harm is rather different this time around. Whilst Spellbound required the player to be vigilant about his health and needed the player to occasionally avoid flying objects that could sap his strength, Knight Tyme is much more focused on the puzzle-solving aspect (although there are still some "death rooms" as in Spellbound). For this reason, it should be regarded as a true graphic adventure.
As before, the gameworld features a large number of characters that the player can interact with. This time around, however, he is not so responsible for their welfare and they are more there to help him on his quest. They do, after all, belong to the time Magic Knight has found himself in. He is the only displaced person this time around.Knight Tyme also involves some space travel, with Magic Knight commandeering the USS Pisces and using it to journey to various planets and star systems. All of these planets can be communicated with and some can be beamed down to via the USS Pisces transporter system. Magic Knight also needs to keep note of the ship's fuel as if it runs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20Stein
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Clifford Seth Stein (born December 14, 1965), a computer scientist, is a professor of industrial engineering and operations research at Columbia University in New York, NY, where he also holds an appointment in the Department of Computer Science. Stein is chair of the Industrial Engineering and Operations Research Department at Columbia University. Prior to joining Columbia, Stein was a professor at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire.
Stein's research interests include the design and analysis of algorithms, combinatorial optimization, operations research, network algorithms, scheduling, algorithm engineering and computational biology.
Stein has published many influential papers in the leading conferences and journals in his fields of research, and has occupied a variety of editorial positions including in the journals ACM Transactions on Algorithms, Mathematical Programming, Journal of Algorithms, SIAM Journal on Discrete Mathematics and Operations Research Letters. His work has been funded by the National Science Foundation and the Sloan Foundation. As of November 1, 2015, his publications have been cited over 46,000 times, and he has an h-index of 42.
Stein is the winner of several prestigious awards including an NSF Career Award, an Alfred Sloan Research Fellowship and the Karen Wetterhahn Award for Distinguished Creative or Scholarly Achievement. He is also the co-author of two textbooks:
Introduction to Algorithms, with T. Cormen, C. Leiserson and R. Rivest, which is currently the best-selling textbook in algorithms and has been translated into 8 languages. About 39,500 of Stein's 46,000 citations are made to this book.
Discrete Mathematics for Computer Science, with Ken Bogart and Scot Drysdale, which is a new textbook that covers discrete math at an undergraduate level.
Stein earned his B.S.E. from Princeton University in 1987, a Master of Science from The Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1989, and a PhD also from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1992.
In recent years, Stein has built up close ties with the Norwegian research community which earned him an honorary doctorate from the University of Oslo (May 2010).
Bibliography
References
External links
Home page
1965 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Columbia University faculty
Columbia School of Engineering and Applied Science faculty
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Princeton University alumni
Computer science educators
People from Tenafly, New Jersey
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20feed
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A product feed or product data feed is a file made up of a list of products and attributes of those products organized so that each product can be displayed, advertised or compared in a unique way. A product feed typically contains a product image, title, product identifier, marketing copy, and product attributes. But, can also contain links to rich media assets such as videos, 3D animations, brochures, product stories, product relations, and reviews, as in the case of Open Icecat, the multilingual open content catalogue.
Product feeds supply the content that is presented on many kinds of e-commerce websites such as webshops, search engines, price comparison websites, affiliate networks, and other similar aggregators of e-commerce information. Product data feeds are generated by manufacturers, online retailers and, in some cases, product information is extracted using web scraping or harvested web harvesting from the online shops website.
Applications
While product feeds differ in content and structure, the goal remains the same – deliver high-quality (fresh, relevant, accurate, comprehensive) information so that shoppers can make a buying decision.
Product data feeds are often delivered between manufacturers, distributors and retailers, and are also used within a variety of online marketing channels that help shoppers locate and understand the product they wish to purchase and drive the traffic to the retailers' website. These marketing channels include:
Price comparison websites – Feeds are the product descriptive content needed to run sites that compare pricing (price comparison websites), attributes (mostly in vertical search portals) and availability.
Paid search affiliates – PPC campaigns use API's that receive a range of attributes within product feeds to determine campaign keywords and bidding.
Affiliate networks – affiliate networks funnel products though their platforms from merchants to affiliates.
Marketplaces – receive product feeds from their merchants (eBay and Amazon for example).
Social Networks - can accept product feeds from merchants to list products (Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest for example).
Feed formats
After announcing the importance of quality product data feeds, Google has updated its feed requirements.
Other product listing sites use proprietary formats that are either plain text or XML format.
Emerging RDF format: Semantic web standards such as RDF are taking root. It is expected product feed will soon adopt this new web standard.
References
Web syndication
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simtel
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Simtel (sometimes called Simtelnet, originally SIMTEL20) was an important long-running archive of freeware and shareware for various operating systems.
The Simtel archive had significant ties to the history of several operating systems: it was in turn a major repository for CP/M, MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows and FreeBSD. The archive was hosted initially on the MIT-MC PDP-10 running the Incompatible Timesharing System, then TOPS-20, then FreeBSD servers, with archive distributor Walnut Creek CDROM helping fund FreeBSD development. It began as an early mailing list, then was hosted on the ARPANET, and finally the fully open Internet.
The service was shut down on March 15, 2013.
History
Simtel originated as SIMTEL20, a software archive started by Keith Petersen in 1979 while living in Royal Oak, Michigan. The original archive consisted of CP/M software for early 8080-based microcomputers. The software was hosted on a PDP-10 at MIT that also ran a CP/M mailing list to which Petersen subscribed.
When access to the particular MIT computer was removed in 1983, fellow CP/M enthusiast Frank Wancho, then an employee at the White Sands Missile Range, arranged for the archive to be hosted on a DECSYSTEM-20 computer with ARPANET access, accessible via FTP at simtel20.arpa, later known as wsmr-simtel20.army.mil. At this time, Simtel began archiving MS-DOS software in addition to its archive of CP/M software. Over time, the SIMTEL20 archive added software for other operating systems, user groups and various programming languages, including the Ada Software Repository, the CP/M User's Group, PC/Blue, SIG/M(icros), and the Unix/C collections. In 1991, Walnut Creek CDROM was founded by Robert A. Bruce, which helped distribute the Simtel archive on CD-ROM discs for those not wishing, or unable, to access the archive online.
In 1993, the SIMTEL20 archive at White Sands Missile Range was shut down due to budget constraints. From 1993 on, the Walnut Creek CDROM FTP server and (later on) Web site became the focal point for online Simtel access. For much of its life the Web site and primary mirrors were located at www.cdrom.com, www.simtel.net, and oak.oakland.edu at Oakland University.
In July 1998, the Simtel FTP server set a record for overall traffic with a total transfer amount of 417 GB of data in one day. In May 1999, the Simtel FTP server surpassed its own record by transferring, in one day, a total of 873 GB. In the same year it served 10,000 clients at a time, showing that the C10k problem was tractable on contemporary systems.
Due to a mirror licensing dispute situation with Coast to Coast Telecommunications in 1995 (now Allegiance Telecom, part of XO Communications), archive maintainer Keith Petersen left his employment with CCT and moved on to Walnut Creek CDROM.
In October 1999, Digital River purchased Simtel from Walnut Creek CDROM for US$1.0 million and 143,885 shares of common stock. Mr. Petersen contracted with Digital River, along with small bu
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20information%20exchange
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Health information exchange (HIE) is the mobilization of health care information electronically across organizations within a region, community or hospital system. Participants in data exchange are called in the aggregate Health Information Networks (HIN). In practice, the term HIE may also refer to the health information organization (HIO) that facilitates the exchange.
HIE provides the capability to electronically move clinical information among different health care information systems. The goal of HIE is to facilitate access to and retrieval of clinical data to provide safer and more timely, efficient, effective, and equitable patient-centered care which may also be useful to public health authorities in analyses of the health of the population.
HIE systems facilitate the efforts of physicians and clinicians to meet high standards of patient care through electronic participation in a patient's continuity of care with multiple providers. Secondary health care provider benefits include reduced expenses associated with:
The manual printing, scanning and faxing of documents, including paper and ink costs, as well as the maintenance of associated office machinery
The physical mailing of patient charts and records, and phone communication to verify delivery of traditional communications, referrals, and test results
The time and effort involved in recovering missing patient information, including any duplicate tests required to recover such information
According to an internal study at Sushoo Health Information Exchange, the current method of exchanging patients' health information accounts for approximately $ of expenses annually for a single-clinician practice.
Formal organizations are now emerging to provide both form and function for health information exchange efforts, both on independent and governmental or regional levels. These organizations are, in many cases, enabled and supported financially by statewide health information exchange grants from the Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology. These grants were legislated into the HITECH components of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. The latter organizations (often called Regional Health Information Organizations, or RHIOs) are ordinarily geographically defined entities which develop and manage a set of contractual conventions and terms, arrange for the means of electronic exchange of information, and develop and maintain HIE standards.
In the United States, federal and state regulations regarding HIEs and HIT (health information technology) are still being defined. Federal regulations and incentive programs such as "Meaningful Use", which is formally known as the EHR Incentive Program, are rapidly changing the face of this relatively new industry. In addition to changes driven by federal activities. The lessons learned in the ongoing implementation of some state-sponsored HIEs (such as the North Carolina HIE) and the fluctuating nature of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portpatrick%20and%20Wigtownshire%20Joint%20Railway
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The Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Railways was a network of railway lines serving sparsely populated areas of south-west Scotland. The title appeared in 1885 when the previously independent Portpatrick Railway (PPR) and Wigtownshire Railway (WR) companies were amalgamated by Act of Parliament into a new company jointly owned by the Caledonian Railway, Glasgow & South Western Railway, Midland Railway and the London & North Western Railway and managed by a committee called the Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Committee.
The Portpatrick Railway connected and , opened in 1861 and 1862 and was intended to revive the transit to the north of Ireland through Portpatrick, although Stranraer actually became the dominant port. The line became known as the Paddy because of its connection to Ireland.
The Wigtownshire Railway, which ran from a connection with the PPR at to , opened from 1875.
The PPR route often known as the Port Road, linked , via Castle Douglas, with the port towns of Portpatrick and Stranraer. It also formed part of a route by rail and sea from England and Scotland to the north of Ireland.
The line was single track throughout, serving a region of very low population density, but it achieved significance by carrying heavy traffic, both passenger and goods, to and from northern Irish destinations through Portpatrick and Stranraer. The line closed in 1965 apart from the short section from to Challoch Junction, which continues in use as part of the Glasgow - Ayr - Stranraer route.
History: beginnings
As early as 1620 Portpatrick had been established as the port for the short sea route between south-west Scotland and the north of Ireland, at Donaghadee in County Down. Irish cattle and horses were a dominant traffic early on, and Post Office mails developed later: by 1838 8,000 to 10,000 letters passed through the port daily, brought by road coach from Dumfries, and from Glasgow. A barracks was erected in the town to facilitate troop movements. However, the limitations of the little harbour became serious disadvantages as other more efficient rail-connected routes, via Liverpool, and later Holyhead became dominant. Portpatrick's nearest railhead was Ayr, 60 miles (96 km) away, and the Post Office discontinued use of Portpatrick for mails from 30 September 1849; much of the livestock traffic had already moved to other routes.
The Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway
The Glasgow and South Western Railway (G&SWR) was formed by amalgamation in 1850, on the opening of the main line which ran from Glasgow via Kilmarnock and Dumfries to Carlisle. When local interests promoted a railway branching from it at Dumfries and running to Castle Douglas, the G&SWR actively supported it, in fact subscribing £60,000 towards the little Company's capital. The G&SWR motives appear to have been a desire to secure the territory from their rival, the Caledonian Railway, as well as the formation of a first section of a route to Portpatrick. The Castle Dou
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiber%20to%20the%20x
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Fiber to the x (FTTX; also spelled "fibre") or fiber in the loop is a generic term for any broadband network architecture using optical fiber to provide all or part of the local loop used for last mile telecommunications. As fiber optic cables are able to carry much more data than copper cables, especially over long distances, copper telephone networks built in the 20th century are being replaced by fiber.
FTTX is a generalization for several configurations of fiber deployment, arranged into two groups: FTTP/FTTH/FTTB (Fiber laid all the way to the premises/home/building) and FTTC/N (fiber laid to the cabinet/node, with copper wires completing the connection).
Residential areas already served by balanced pair distribution plant call for a trade-off between cost and capacity. The closer the fiber head, the higher the cost of construction and the higher the channel capacity. In places not served by metallic facilities, little cost is saved by not running fiber to the home.
Fiber to the x is the key method used to drive next-generation access (NGA), which describes a significant upgrade to the broadband available by making a step change in speed and quality of the service. This is typically thought of as asymmetrical with a download speed of 24 Mbit/s plus and a fast upload speed.
Ofcom have defined super-fast broadband as "broadband products that provide a maximum download speed that is greater than 24 Mbit/s - this threshold is commonly considered to be the maximum speed that can be supported on current generation (copper-based) networks."
A similar network called a hybrid fiber-coaxial (HFC) network is used by cable television operators but is usually not synonymous with "fiber In the loop", although similar advanced services are provided by the HFC networks. Fixed wireless and mobile wireless technologies such as Wi-Fi, WiMAX and 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) are an alternative for providing Internet access.
Definitions
The telecommunications industry differentiates between several distinct FTTX configurations. The terms in most widespread use today are:
FTTE (fiber-to-the-edge) is a networking approach used in the enterprise building (hotels, convention centers, office buildings, hospitals, senior living communities, Multi-Dwelling Units, stadiums, etc.). Fiber reaches directly from the main distribution frame of a building out to the edge devices, eliminating the need for intermediate distribution frames.
FTTP (fiber-to-the-premises): This term is used either as a blanket term for both FTTH and FTTB, or where the fiber network includes both homes and small businesses
FTTH (fiber-to-the-home): Fiber reaches the boundary of the living space, such as a box on the outside wall of a home. Passive optical networks and point-to-point Ethernet are architectures that are capable of delivering triple-play services over FTTH networks directly from an operator's central office. Typically providing between 1 and 10 Gbit/s
FTTB (fiber-to-the-building,
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