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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macintosh-Like%20Virtual%20Window%20Manager
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MLVWM or Macintosh-Like Virtual Window Manager, is an FVWM descendant created by Takashi Hasegawa in 1997 while studying at Nagoya University and was written entirely in the C programming language. As its name implies, it attempts to emulate the pre-Mac OS X Macintosh look and feel in its layout and window design.
Although no longer under active development, MLVWM has spawned a derivative known as HaZe, a Black-and-White (or Monochrome) window manager.
MLVWM is now distributed under the GNU General Public License.
See also
Graphical User Interface
External links
Official Webpage
Linuxplanet Review
Mac & PC, and Data recovery
Tucows (Preview) Page
Free X window managers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xrdb
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xrdb (X resource database manager) is a program used for accessing the X resources of a server. Its main use is to read a set of resources from a file and store them in the server at startup.
This program can access the resources in both read and write mode. In particular, it can read the resources stored in the server and can store a set of resources on the server, replacing or adding to the previous ones. It can operate either on the general display resources or on the ones specific to a screen. The main use of xrdb is however to load the resources when the X display server is started. For example, the instruction xrdb -load $HOME/.Xresources can be placed in scripts that are executed when the server is started to read the user preferences from the file .Xresources in his home directory.
The original version of xrdb was written by Jim Gettys and later rewritten by Bob Scheifler and Phil Karlton.
See also
X resources
X Window System
References
External links
xrdb man page
Using the xrdb Client Program
http://cgit.freedesktop.org/xorg/app/xrdb/
X Window System
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20bridges%20and%20tunnels%20in%20New%20York%20City
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New York City is home to many bridges and tunnels. Several agencies manage this network of crossings. The New York City Department of Transportation owns and operates almost 800. The Metropolitan Transportation Authority, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, New York State Department of Transportation and Amtrak have many others.
Many of the city's major bridges and tunnels have broken or set records. Opened in 1927, the Holland Tunnel was the world's first mechanically ventilated underwater vehicular tunnel. The Brooklyn Bridge, Williamsburg Bridge, George Washington Bridge, and Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge were the world's longest suspension bridges when opened in 1883, 1903, 1931, and 1964 respectively. There are 789 bridges and tunnels in New York.
Bridges
New York City's crossings date back to 1693, when its first bridge, known as the King's Bridge, was constructed over Spuyten Duyvil Creek between Manhattan and the Bronx, located in the present-day Kingsbridge neighborhood. The bridge, composed of stone abutments and a timber deck, was demolished in 1917. The oldest crossing still standing is High Bridge, built 1848 to carry the Croton Aqueduct from Manhattan to the Bronx over the Harlem River. This bridge was built to carry water to the city as part of the Croton Aqueduct system.
Ten bridges and one tunnel serving the city have been awarded some level of landmark status. The Holland Tunnel was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1993 in recognition of its pioneering role as the first mechanically ventilated vehicular underwater tunnel, operating since 1927. The George Washington, High, Hell Gate, Queensboro, Brooklyn, Manhattan, Macombs Dam, Carroll Street, University Heights, and Washington Bridges have all received landmark status, as well.
New York features bridges of many lengths and types, carrying vehicular, bicycle, pedestrian, and subway traffic. The George Washington Bridge, spanning the Hudson River between New York City and Fort Lee, New Jersey, is the world's busiest bridge in terms of vehicular traffic. The George Washington, Verrazzano-Narrows, and Brooklyn Bridges are noted for their architecture, while others are more well known for their functional importance, such as the Williamsburg Bridge with 8 vehicular lanes, 2 subway tracks, a bike lane, and pedestrian walkways.
Bridges by water body
East River
From south to north:
Harlem River
From south to north, east to west:
Hudson River
New York Bay
Newtown Creek
Other
The Bronx
Brooklyn
Queens
Staten Island
Tunnels
Each of the tunnels that run underneath the East and Hudson Rivers were marvels of engineering when first constructed. The Holland Tunnel is the oldest of the vehicular tunnels, opening to great fanfare in 1927 as the first mechanically ventilated underwater tunnel. The Queens Midtown Tunnel was opened in 1940 to relieve the congestion on the city's bridges. Each of its tubes were designed wider than the Holland Tunnel in order to accom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%20of%20Sail%20%28video%20game%29
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Age of Sail is a 1996 naval combat computer wargame developed and published by TalonSoft.
Gameplay
The game covered the naval campaigns of the French Revolutionary Wars, Napoleonic Wars and other more minor conflicts in the period 1775 to 1820. In addition to the campaigns there are more than 100 independent scenarios based on significant naval actions including the battles of Trafalgar and Camperdown. The game includes a scenario editor with over 2,000 historically accurate sailing ships allowing the extension of the game by the user.
Development
TalonSoft announced Age of Sail on July 12, 1996. It was initially scheduled for a fall 1996 release.
Reception
The game received middling scores from Computer Games Strategy Plus and Computer Gaming World. The former publication's Robert Mayer wrote, "It should appeal greatly to fans of naval warfare, but for those gamers not inspired by stories of Trafalgar and St. Vincent, it might just be a bit too austere." Conversely, it received a positive review from William R. Trotter of PC Gamer US, who called it a "sumptuous looking, smooth-playing recreation of a fascinating era."
Legacy
In 2001, Age of Sail was followed by the sequel title Age of Sail II, developed by the Russian studio Akella.
References
External links
Computer wargames
1996 video games
Take-Two Interactive franchises
Windows games
Windows-only games
Naval video games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games about pirates
Video games with historical settings
Multiplayer and single-player video games
TalonSoft games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robertson%20v%20Thomson%20Corp
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Robertson v Thomson Corp, is a 2006 Supreme Court of Canada decision on the ownership of copyright in published text that are stored in databases. The ruling held that though a newspaper held the copyright in the collection and the arrangement of freelance articles and in its newspaper, it could not publish the articles within a database. Publication within the database would remove the articles from the context of the collective work and therefore their publication as such was not within the rights held by the newspaper.
Background
In 1995, Heather Robertson, a freelance writer, wrote two articles that were published in the print edition of The Globe and Mail. Later, the newspaper placed copies of her articles in three databases, including Info Globe Online, an online database of Globe and Mail articles, as well as the Canadian Periodical Index. The databases did not contain many aspects of the print version of the Globe and Mail. They did not contain the advertisements, some tables, photographs, artwork, photo captions, birth and death notices, financial tables, weather forecasts and some design elements.
Heather Robertson objected to the presence of her articles in the databases and sued the Globe and Mail for unauthorized reproduction of her work. The case was granted class action status. Robertson also asserted claims on behalf of salaried writers at the Globe.
The issue before the Court was whether the reproduction of Robertson's articles were part of the Globe's copyright in its newspaper or if the reproduction infringes Robertson's copyright in her work.
Lower court ruling
At trial and on appeal, the courts found in favor of Robertson. It was noted that for the Globe to seek protection under its collective copyright the database must constitute a newspaper or consist of a "substantial part thereof in any material form whatever". A substantial part of a newspaper exists in the arranging and formatting of articles, much of which is lost when the articles are put on a database. Thus, the courts found that the database was not merely a newspaper in a different guise but a new work.
Supreme Court of Canada ruling
Four issues were presented to the Supreme Court to decide:
On the appeal:
Would a license from a freelance author specifically granting a publisher the right to republish his or her article in the electronic databases need to be in writing?
Does Robertson have standing to assert a claim on behalf of employees of the Globe?
On the cross-appeal:
Whether the electronic databases infringed the right of
freelance authors; and
Globe staff writers.
The bulk of the opinion was focused on the first of the cross-appeal issues.
Main Issue
The Court first recognized that the author held the copyright in her articles, and the newspaper held the copyright in the compilation or collection of works that contained them. As a result, the issue became whether the electronic databases were a reproduction of the original article, or o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galloway%20hydro-electric%20power%20scheme
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The Galloway hydro-electric power scheme is a network of dams and hydro-electric power stations in Galloway, south west Scotland. It was built between 1930 and 1936.
The generating stations draw water from the River Ken, River Dee and River Doon through reservoirs at Loch Doon, Kendoon, Carsfad, Clatteringshaws, and Tongland. The unusual modernist stations were designed by Scottish civil engineer, Sir Alexander Gibb.
The scheme, which is today operated by Drax, can produce a total peak power of around 106 megawatts.
History
The scheme was authorized by the Galloway Water Power Act on 10 May 1929, by which the Galloway Water Power Company was incorporated. Chairman of the board was former colonial administrator Lord Meston. Also on the board was Robert Brand, managing director of the project's underwriter, Lazard Brothers and Company.
Design was carried out by civil engineers Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners along with electrical engineer, William McLellan of Merz & McLellan. Construction began three years later in 1932 and was completed in 1936. The scheme was made viable by the recent formation of the National Grid which made generation of electricity in remote areas useful. Hydro power was particularly helpful to this grid because of its ability to be turned on and off very quickly to meet peak demands (in contrast to oil and coal stations), and to meet the natural increase during the more energy demanding winter months.
The total cost of the scheme was around three million pounds. At a cost of £29 per kilowatt of installed capacity, they were some of the least costly stations ever built in the UK.
The scheme was extended in 1984 with the addition of the Drumjohn power station which made use of the existing needle valve where the water from Loch Doon and the Deuch feed into the Dee. This station has a capacity of just 2.3 megawatts, but was constructed largely using existing infrastructure.
In 2018 Drax Group purchased the scheme, alongside a number of other assets, from then owners Scottish Power.
Architecture
The stations are generally white, Modernist structures, highly glazed and with large airy turbine halls. The designs were stylistically advanced for their time and can be viewed as some of Scotland's earliest modern buildings. The credit for the design is given to Sir Alexander Gibb & Partners, however it seems likely that the design received input from Harold Tarbolton, the architectural advisor to the scheme's "Amenities Committee". This committee was set up to "make to the Company such recommendations as they may think are reasonable and proper for the preservation of the beauty of the scenery" (from the 1929 Galloway water power act). Tarbolton was designer of the Pitlochry power station which bears some striking similarities to the Galloway turbine halls. Whilst no direct credit for the design work can be given to him, it is unlikely that he had no influence on the outcome.
In their book Power from water (1960), two partne
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackout%20%28broadcasting%29
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In broadcasting, the term blackout refers to the non-airing of television or radio programming in a certain media market.
It is particularly prevalent in the broadcasting of sports events, although other television or radio programs may be blacked out as well. Most blackout policies serve to protect local broadcasters (primarily regional sports networks) from competition by "out-of-market" networks that carry different teams, by only allowing viewers to watch non-national telecasts of teams within their designated markets (with television providers blacking out regional telecasts of teams that are outside their market; in turn, encouraging viewers to purchase subscription-based out-of-market sports packages), and by allowing teams to black out national telecasts of games that are also being shown by a local broadcaster.
By contrast, some blackout policies, such as those of the U.S. National Football League and English association football (soccer), serve to encourage attendance to games by respectively requiring that a specific percentage of tickets be sold in order for a game to be televised in the home team's market, or by enforcing a blanket prohibition on any telecast of football matches (regardless of where it is being played) during specific windows.
The term is also used in relation to situations where programming is removed or replaced on international feeds of a television service, because the broadcaster does not hold the territorial rights to air the programs outside of their home country.
Canada
Federal elections
Perhaps the most notable non-sports-related blackout in television was the blackout of Canadian federal election coverage. Because there are six time zones across Canada, polls close in different parts of the country at different times. Section 329 of the Canada Elections Act outlawed disseminating election results from other ridings in constituencies where polls were still open, ostensibly to prevent the results from the East from influencing voters in western ridings.
However, in the federal election in 2000, Paul Charles Bryan published results from Atlantic Canada online despite being told not to by the authorities. Bryan was charged before the Provincial Court of British Columbia, but fought the charges as unconstitutional under section 2 of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which protects freedom of expression and freedom of association. Bryan's victory before the British Columbia Supreme Court meant that voters in British Columbia and the rest of Canada legally learned of election results in other ridings during the federal election in 2004. However, Elections Canada appealed, and Bryan lost his case before the British Columbia Court of Appeal. Bryan further appealed to the Supreme Court of Canada, but in a ruling made on March 15, 2007 (R. v. Bryan), in a 5–4 ruling, the Court ruled that Section 329 of the Canada Elections Act is constitutional and justified under section 1 of the Canadian Charter of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvector%20centrality
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In graph theory, eigenvector centrality (also called eigencentrality or prestige score) is a measure of the influence of a node in a network. Relative scores are assigned to all nodes in the network based on the concept that connections to high-scoring nodes contribute more to the score of the node in question than equal connections to low-scoring nodes. A high eigenvector score means that a node is connected to many nodes who themselves have high scores.
Google's PageRank and the Katz centrality are variants of the eigenvector centrality.
Using the adjacency matrix to find eigenvector centrality
For a given graph with vertices let be the adjacency matrix, i.e. if vertex is linked to vertex , and otherwise. The relative centrality score, , of vertex can be defined as:
where is the set of neighbors of and is a constant. With a small rearrangement this can be rewritten in vector notation as the eigenvector equation
In general, there will be many different eigenvalues for which a non-zero eigenvector solution exists. However, the additional requirement that all the entries in the eigenvector be non-negative implies (by the Perron–Frobenius theorem) that only the greatest eigenvalue results in the desired centrality measure. The component of the related eigenvector then gives the relative centrality score of the vertex in the network. The eigenvector is only defined up to a common factor, so only the ratios of the centralities of the vertices are well defined. To define an absolute score, one must normalise the eigenvector e.g. such that the sum over all vertices is 1 or the total number of vertices n. Power iteration is one of many eigenvalue algorithms that may be used to find this dominant eigenvector. Furthermore, this can be generalized so that the entries in A can be real numbers representing connection strengths, as in a stochastic matrix.
Normalized eigenvector centrality scoring
Google's PageRank is based on the normalized eigenvector centrality, or normalized prestige, combined with a random jump assumption. The PageRank of a node has recursive dependence on the PageRank of other nodes that point to it. The normalized adjacency matrix is defined as:where is the out-degree of node , or in vector form:
,
where is the vector of ones, and is the diagonal matrix of vector . is a row-stochastic matrix.
The normalized eigenvector prestige score is defined as:
or in vector form,
Applications
Eigenvector centrality is a measure of the influence a node has on a network. If a node is pointed to by many nodes (which also have high eigenvector centrality) then that node will have high eigenvector centrality.
The earliest use of eigenvector centrality is by Edmund Landau in an 1895 paper on scoring chess tournaments.
More recently, researchers across many fields have analyzed applications, manifestations, and extensions of eigenvector centrality in a variety of domains:
Eigenvector centrality is the unique
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digi-Comp%20I
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The Digi-Comp I was a functioning, mechanical digital computer sold in kit form. It was originally manufactured from polystyrene parts by E.S.R., Inc. starting in 1963 and sold as an educational toy for US$4.99 ().
A successor, the Digi-Comp II, was not programmable, but in effect a visible calculator. A two-level Masonite platform with guides served as the medium for a supply of marbles that rolled down an inclined plane, moving plastic cams as they fell.
Operation
The Digi-Comp I contained three mechanical flip-flops, providing an ability to connect them together in a programmable way using thin vertical wires that were either pushed, or blocked from moving, by a number of cylindrical pegs. The whole arrangement was 'clocked' by moving a lever back and forth. Different configurations of these cylinders caused the Digi-Comp to compute different Boolean logic operations. With a three binary digit (3-bit) readout of the state of the flip-flops, it could be programmed to demonstrate binary logic, to perform various operations such as addition and subtraction, and to play some simple logic games such as Nim.
Reproductions
Starting in 2005, Minds-On Toys has made available the Digi-Comp I version 2.0 as a relatively inexpensive binder's board version of the original Digi-Comp, albeit with a much enhanced instruction manual.
See also
Dr. Nim - game based on the computer
Geniac
WDR paper computer
CARDboard Illustrative Aid to Computation
Turing Tumble, a 2019 mechanical computer inspired by it
Robert C. Martin, who credits playing with this toy at the age of 12 as being what made him decide to become a programmer for the rest of his life.
Little man computer
References
Bibliography
External links
The Old Computer Museum - Collection of old analog, digital and mechanical computers
Friends of Digi-Comp - Discussion of this toy. Images, links, manuals and programming information
Digi-Comp I v2.0 - Online vendor of working replica kit; historical details
Digi-Comp I Emulator - Emulator for the original Digi-Comp I written in JavaScript
Mechanical computers
Educational toys
Products introduced in 1963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MySky
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My Sky was a personal astronomy tool made by Meade Instruments. When pointed at an area of sky, it was supposed to identify objects based on its built-in database of 30000 objects. It also claimed it could guide the user to a particular object from its database. It has an LCD display, unsuccessfully incorporates GPS technology and cannot be linked to a compatible Meade computer-controllable telescope. Note, however, that my Sky is not a telescope or observing instrument.
The later model of this device no longer incorporated the GPS functionality. There were many complaints about that feature not working. Now, latitude and longitude are entered manually or selected from a list of cities.
See also
SkyScout
References
Further reading
Astronomical instruments
Observational astronomy
Amateur astronomy
Meade Instruments
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SolarFlix
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SolarFlix (formerly Entertainment Central, short term as ETC and visually rendered in its current logo in all capital letters) is a Philippine free-to-air television network owned by the Southern Broadcasting Network subsidiary of Solar Entertainment Corporation. Its digital free-to-air broadcast is carried by SBN's flagship station, DWCP-DTV (channel 21) in Metro Manila. The channel's analog broadcast is fed on its lone provincial TV station, DXSS-TV (channel 7) in Davao City (in which the station currently carries DepEd ALS TV programming). The channel is also carried by cable and satellite providers, including Sky Cable, Destiny Cable, Cablelink, Binangonan Cable TV Corporation, Cignal, SatLite, and G Sat along with various provincial cable operators and through online streaming.
SolarFlix operates daily from 8 am to 12 midnight on Solar's digital free TV (under test broadcast), while it operates 24 hours daily on most pay TV and streaming service providers. However, starting Holy Week 2021, it continues to sign off from Maundy Thursday at midnight to Easter Sunday at 8:00 am along with its sister channels Solar Sports and Solar Learning. It formerly operated daily from 5:00 a.m. to 12:00 midnight on free-to-air analog TV broadcast until September 2019, when SBN permanently closed its analog signal.
SolarFlix broadcasts from Solar's master control facility and studios located on the Third Floor of the Worldwide Corporate Center, Epifanio de Los Santos corner Shaw Boulevard, Mandaluyong, while the Solar office is located at Solar Century Tower, 100 Tordesillas St., Corner H.V. Dela Costa St. Salcedo Village, Makati, SBN holds free-to-air broadcasts from its transmitter and tower site located at Nuestra Señora de la Paz Subdivision, Bo. Sta. Cruz, Antipolo, Rizal.
History
As ETC (2004-2022)
On March 1, 2004, ETC was launched as "Entertainment Central". But the test broadcast started on November 24, 2003.
On January 1, 2008, ETC ceased to air over Sky Cable as a separate channel. As part of the Solar network's block time agreements with various terrestrial channels, the channel started airing over SBN 21, a terrestrial UHF TV station in the Philippines.
On March 2, 2011, ETC moved to RPN after the channel is private, while Talk TV, a news-oriented channel airing local and US news shows, launched on SBN 21.
But, ETC returned to SBN on November 30, 2013, as Solar News Channel moved to RPN on December 1 of 2013 to allow SNC's wider coverage. (SNC and RPN, however, were sold to the ALC Group of Companies chair, Ambassador Antonio Cabangon Chua, in August 2014, due to Tieng's loss of revenue after investing in RPN.)
After its sister channel 2nd Avenue ended broadcasting on June 5 after 12 years of broadcasting, many of its programs moved to ETC.
On November 21, 2018, ETC revealed its new station ID and on-air graphics. At the same time, the network also launched its new slogans, In Full Bloom and #IamETC.
As SolarFlix (2022-present)
On Ju
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cray%20Blitz
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Cray Blitz was a computer chess program written by Robert Hyatt, Harry L. Nelson, and Albert Gower to run on the Cray supercomputer. It was derived from "Blitz" a program that Hyatt started to work on as an undergraduate. "Blitz" played its first move in the fall of 1968, and was developed continuously from that time until roughly 1980 when Cray Research chose to sponsor the program. Cray Blitz participated in computer chess events from 1980 through 1994 when the last North American Computer Chess Championship was held in Cape May, New Jersey. Cray Blitz won several ACM computer chess events, and two consecutive World Computer Chess Championships, the first in 1983 in New York City, and the second in 1986 in Cologne, Germany.
The program Crafty is the successor to Cray Blitz and is still active and under development.
References
Chess computers
Blitz
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age%20of%20Sail%20II
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Age of Sail II () is a 2001 computer wargame developed by Akella. It is the sequel to Age of Sail. It has similar historically accurate game play, and is enhanced with 3D graphics and a free-floating camera. Unlike the original Age of Sail, the sequel's maps are embellished with strategic landmasses. Age of Sail II portrays the fighting ships used from 1775 to 1820, and has a realistic combat engine. The game features a campaign which includes a full career ladder, or play one of the 100+ historical scenarios. The game also includes a map editor allowing players to create custom scenarios.
A stand-alone expansion, titled Age of Sail II: Privateer's Bounty, was released in 2002.
Gameplay
The gameplay of Age of Sail II features a minimap, helm, and lists of vessels in play. The player controls one or more vessels each with a specified number of cannons, health, and sails. There are also controls for speed of the gameplay.
To achieve victory, the player must either cause the enemy ships to surrender, or simply sink them. Damage inflicted on a vessel is determined by the type of shots fired (round, chain, grape, canister), and the target (hull/sail). Each fire also inflicts damage on the ship's crew. Canister shots are made specifically to inflict damage on crew members. The fewer men aboard a ship, the higher chance for the ship to surrender. Speed of activities such as manoeuvring the sails, repairing damage, and cannon reload speed are also affected.
The game was accused by reviewers of the time of having an overcomplicated and sometimes downright broken interface, with unnecessary complication when directing crews to perform the various actions to keep a vessel in operation. The 3-D game engine also came in for criticism, occasionally running as slowly as four frames per second in large fleet actions.
Reception
The game received "mixed" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. John Lee of NextGen, however, said, "Young and old salts will find their timbers shivered mightily in this seagoing extravaganza, but landlubbers may founder."
Privateer's Bounty
Privateer's Bounty received average reviews, slightly more favorable than the original Age of Sail II, according to Metacritic.
References
External links
2001 video games
Naval video games
Computer wargames
Video game sequels
Video games about pirates
Video games developed in Russia
Video games with historical settings
Windows games
Windows-only games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Action-adventure games
TalonSoft games
Akella games
Global Star Software games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rede%20Manchete
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Rede Manchete (; lit.: Headline Network; also known as TV Manchete or only Manchete) was a Brazilian television network that was founded in Rio de Janeiro on 5 June 1983 by the Ukrainian-Brazilian journalist and businessman Adolpho Bloch. The network remained on the air until 10 May 1999. It was part of Grupo Bloch, which published the magazine Manchete by Bloch Editores, its publishing division; the television network was named after the magazine.
With sophisticated equipment and seeking an upper class schedule, Manchete was known for its programming based on journalism, covering the world and Brazilian sport, with major sporting events. Telenovelas, series and miniseries from Manchete also made history in the Brazilian television dramaturgy. In addition to their own schedule, Manchete is known as airing Japanese programmes like tokusatsu and anime, including some of the Super Sentai series (Choushinsei Flashman, Dengeki Sentai Changeman), Sailor Moon, Kamen Rider Black and Black RX and most notably, MegaBeast Investigator Juspion.
In May 1999, the partners Amilcare Dallevo and Marcelo de Carvalho (known as TeleTV Group) bought the licenses of Manchete, moved the headquarters to Barueri, and changed the network's name to RedeTV!.
History
Early history
The successor network not only to Rede Tupi but to Rede Excelsior, two former Brazilian television networks, it was owned by Adolpho Bloch, the Ukrainian – Brazilian founder of the publishing group called "Bloch Editores", from half of the defunct Rede Tupi (the other half became SBT in 1981). Its slogan in 1983 was the unofficial slogan "A Televisão do ano 2000" (The Television of the year 2000) and the official slogan "A TV de 1ª Classe" (First Class Television). Initially planned to launch between September and November 1982, and then March 1983, Manchete began operations at 7:00 pm on 5 June 1983 with a speech by Bloch, followed by a segment with the network's logo flying over Brazil and then stopping on a building. The network received high ratings in Rio de Janeiro, and as a result, it suddenly moved to second place in viewership in that area.
In the beginning, the network broadcast various shows and operas, like TV Record in 60s, bringing the focus for the A and B Classes. In 1984, model and actress Xuxa presented the Clube da Criança program in 1984, beating sometimes TV Globo's morning show, Balão Magico. This was the year it began a rival coverage of the Brazilian Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, its most successful one.
In 1985, with two years of existence, losses of Manchete were evident. The network entered its first financial crisis. Bloch, in 1988, wanted to sell the network and asked for US$350 million. In the 1990s, congressman Paulo Octávio made a proposal to Adolpho Bloch of the proposed purchase of TV Manchete for US$200 million. The Paulo Octávio partner was the businessman João Carlos Di Genio, but the sale was not made. Editora Abril also showed interest in the network. Th
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid%20Compass
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The Grid Compass (written GRiD by its manufacturer GRiD Systems Corporation) is one of the first laptop computers.
History
Development began in 1979, and the main buyer was the U.S. government. NASA used it on the Space Shuttle during the early 1980s, as it was powerful, lightweight, and compact. The military Special Forces also purchased the machine, as it could be used by paratroopers in combat.
Along with the Gavilan SC and Sharp PC-5000 released the following year, the GRiD Compass established much of the basic design of subsequent laptop computers, although the laptop concept itself owed much to the Dynabook project developed at Xerox PARC from the late 1960s. The Compass company subsequently earned significant returns on its patent rights as its innovations became commonplace.
Competitors
The portable Osborne 1 computer sold at around the same time as the GRiD, was more affordable and more popular, and ran the popular CP/M operating system. But, unlike the Compass, the Osborne was not a laptop and lacked the Compass's refinement and small size.
Models
The Compass ran its own operating system, GRiD-OS. Its specialized software and high price (–) meant that it was limited to specialized applications.
Compass
The initial model, the 1101, was introduced in April 1982; The 1100 model designation were never released commercially, but featured in some pre-release marketing material. The computer was designed by British industrial designer Bill Moggridge.
Design
The design used a clamshell case (where the screen folds flat to the rest of the computer when closed), which was made from a magnesium alloy. The computer featured an Intel 8086 processor, a electroluminescent display, 340-kilobyte magnetic bubble memory, and a modem. Devices such as hard drives and floppy drives could be connected via the IEEE-488 I/O (also known as GPIB or General Purpose Interface Bus). This port made it possible to connect multiple devices to the addressable device bus. It weighed (). The power input is ~ AC, , .
Compass II
The Compass II was released in 1984; known as 1121, 1129, 1131 and 1139 models.
References
External links
InfoWorld Aug 2, 1982
InfoWorld Nov 8, 1982
Early laptops
Products introduced in 1982
Grid Systems laptops
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caustic%20%28optics%29
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In optics, a caustic or caustic network is the envelope of light rays which have been reflected or refracted by a curved surface or object, or the projection of that envelope of rays on another surface. The caustic is a curve or surface to which each of the light rays is tangent, defining a boundary of an envelope of rays as a curve of concentrated light. Therefore, in the photo to the right, caustics can be seen as patches of light or their bright edges. These shapes often have cusp singularities.
Explanation
Concentration of light, especially sunlight, can burn. The word caustic, in fact, comes from the Greek καυστός, burnt, via the Latin causticus, burning.
A common situation where caustics are visible is when light shines on a drinking glass. The glass casts a shadow, but also produces a curved region of bright light. In ideal circumstances (including perfectly parallel rays, as if from a point source at infinity), a nephroid-shaped patch of light can be produced. Rippling caustics are commonly formed when light shines through waves on a body of water.
Another familiar caustic is the rainbow. Scattering of light by raindrops causes different wavelengths of light to be refracted into arcs of differing radius, producing the bow.
Computer graphics
In computer graphics, most modern rendering systems support caustics. Some of them even support volumetric caustics. This is accomplished by raytracing the possible paths of a light beam, accounting for the refraction and reflection. Photon mapping is one implementation of this. Volumetric caustics can also be achieved by volumetric path tracing. Some computer graphic systems work by "forward ray tracing" wherein photons are modeled as coming from a light source and bouncing around the environment according to rules. Caustics are formed in the regions where sufficient photons strike a surface causing it to be brighter than the average area in the scene. “Backward ray tracing” works in the reverse manner beginning at the surface and determining if there is a direct path to the light source. Some examples of 3D ray-traced caustics can be found here.
The focus of most computer graphics systems is aesthetics rather than physical accuracy. This is especially true when it comes to real-time graphics in computer games where generic pre-calculated textures are mostly used instead of physically correct calculations.
Caustic engineering
Caustic engineering describes the process of solving the inverse problem to computer graphics. That is, given a specific image, to determine a surface whose refracted or reflected light forms this image.
In the discrete version of this problem, the surface is divided into several micro-surfaces which are assumed smooth, i.e. the light reflected/refracted by each micro-surface forms a Gaussian caustic. Gaussian caustic means that each micro-surface obey gaussian distribution. The position and orientation of each of the micro-surfaces is then obtained using a combinat
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable%20application
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A portable application (portable app), sometimes also called standalone, is a program designed to read and write its configuration settings into an accessible folder in the computer, usually in the folder where the portable application can be found. This makes it easier to transfer the program with the user's preferences and data between different computers. A program that doesn't have any configuration options can also be a portable application.
Portable applications can be stored on any data storage device, including internal mass storage, a file share, cloud storage or external storage such as USB drives and floppy disks—storing its program files and any configuration information and data on the storage medium alone. If no configuration information is required a portable program can be run from read-only storage such as CD-ROMs and DVD-ROMs. Some applications are available in both installable and portable versions.
Some applications which are not portable by default do support optional portability through other mechanisms, the most common being command-line arguments. Examples might include /portable to simply instruct the program to behave as a portable program, or --cfg=/path/inifile to specify the configuration file location.
Like any application, portable applications must be compatible with the computer system hardware and operating system.
Depending on the operating system, portability is more or less complex to implement; to operating systems such as AmigaOS, all applications are by definition portable.
Portable Windows applications
A portable application does not leave its files or settings on the host computer or modify the existing system and its configuration. The application does not write to the Windows registry nor stores its configuration files (such as an INI file) in the user's profile; instead, it stores its configuration files in the portable directory. Another requirement, since file paths will often differ on changing computers due to variation in drive letter assignments, is the need for applications to store them in a relative format. While some applications have options to support this behavior, many programs are not designed to do this. A common technique for such programs is the use of a launcher program to copy necessary settings and files to the host computer when the application starts and move them back to the application's directory when it closes.
An alternative strategy for achieving application portability within Windows, without requiring application source code changes, is application virtualization: An application is "sequenced" or "packaged" against a runtime layer that transparently intercepts its file system and registry calls, then redirects these to other persistent storage without the application's knowledge. This approach leaves the application itself unchanged, yet portable.
The same approach is used for individual application components: run-time libraries, COM components or ActiveX, not o
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%20vector%20%28navigation%29
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In navigation, a state vector is a set of data describing exactly where an object is located in space, and how it is moving.
Mathematical representation
A state vector typically will contain seven elements: three position coordinates, three velocity terms, and the time at which these values were valid. Mathematically, in order to describe positions in a N-dimensional space () then a state vector belongs to :
or simply
where is the position vector and is the velocity vector.
Since there is freedom to choose coordinate systems for position, a state vector may also be expressed in a variety of coordinate systems (e.g. the North east down coordinate system).
See also
Orbital state vectors
Navigation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Introduction%20to%20Algorithms
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Introduction to Algorithms is a book on computer programming by Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein. The book has been widely used as the textbook for algorithms courses at many universities and is commonly cited as a reference for algorithms in published papers, with over 10,000 citations documented on CiteSeerX. The book sold half a million copies during its first 20 years. Its fame has led to the common use of the abbreviation "CLRS" (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein), or, in the first edition, "CLR" (Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest).
In the preface, the authors write about how the book was written to be comprehensive and useful in both teaching and professional environments. Each chapter focuses on an algorithm, and discusses its design techniques and areas of application. Instead of using a specific programming language, the algorithms are written in pseudocode. The descriptions focus on the aspects of the algorithm itself, its mathematical properties, and emphasize efficiency.
Editions
The first edition of the textbook did not include Stein as an author, and thus the book became known by the initialism CLR. It included two chapters ("Arithmetic Circuits" & "Algorithms for Parallel Computers") that were dropped in the second edition. After the addition of the fourth author in the second edition, many began to refer to the book as "CLRS". This first edition of the book was also known as "The Big White Book (of Algorithms)." With the second edition, the predominant color of the cover changed to green, causing the nickname to be shortened to just "The Big Book (of Algorithms)." The third edition was published in August 2009. The fourth edition was published in April 2022, which has colors added to improve visual presentations.
Cover design
The mobile depicted on the cover, Big Red (1959) by Alexander Calder, can be found at the Whitney Museum of American Art in New York City. An Introduction to Language by Fromkin also uses Calder's mobile on its cover.
Table of contents
Source
Publication history
12 printings up to 2009, errata:
1320 pp., 5 printings up to 2016, errata:
1312 pp., errata:
Reviews
See also
The Art of Computer Programming
References
External links
on MIT Press
1990 non-fiction books
Computer science books
MIT Press books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Eggs
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Space Eggs is a fixed shooter video game for the Apple II computer programmed by Nasir Gebelli and published by Sirius Software in 1981. An Atari 8-bit family port by Dan Thompson was released the same year. Space Eggs is an unofficial version of the arcade video game Moon Cresta.
Gameplay
The player moves a ship from side to side across the bottom of the screen while trying to avoid colliding with or being shot by the aliens attacking above. Each level pits the player against multiple aliens of a particular class, which become more difficult to destroy as the levels progress.
The game begins with a view of the player's three ships docked together. The first ship, which is the smallest and has only one cannon, splits off from the others and gameplay begins. If an alien touches the ship or successfully hits it with a bomb, the ship is destroyed and replaced by the next one in the set. The second and third ships have progressively wider wingspans and two cannons each. The game ends when all ships are lost.
Aliens begin as harmless, multi-colored "eggs" bobbing randomly above the ship, and must be shot to release the creatures within. There are four classes of aliens:
Spiders, insectoid creatures that move randomly around the screen and are worth 15 points.
Lips, which move a bit more aggressively. They are worth 30 points.
Wolves, which move randomly and often descend to the level of the spaceship. They are worth 45 points.
Fuzzballs, which bounce up and down rapidly if they are to the left of the ship, or move to the bottom of the playfield and slide horizontally toward the ship if they are to the right (guaranteeing destruction; this appears to be a bug). They are worth 80 points.
In the first four waves, all eggs hatch to the same creature. In subsequent waves, eggs hatch random creatures. The wave resets to 1 when the player dies.
If the ship is in the second stage (medium width), and the player has scored at least 1,000 points, an opportunity to dock with the first stage will be given. The ship descends from the top of the screen and must be caught by lining up with the ship precisely. If successful, the merged ship will have 3 cannons.
Reception
Space Eggs reached the top spot on Softalk'''s best-selling software list.
The Addison-Wesley Book of Atari Software 1983'' gave it a "B" rating, calling it "cute and challenging."
References
External links
Space Eggs disassembly and analysis
1981 video games
Apple II games
Atari 8-bit family games
Fixed shooters
Single-player video games
Sirius Software games
Video game clones
Video games developed in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20scrapbooking
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Digital scrapbooking is the term for the creation of a new 2D artwork by re-combining various graphic elements. It is a form of scrapbooking that is done using a personal computer, digital or scanned photos and computer graphics software. It is a relatively new form of the traditional print scrapbooking.
Recent advances in technology now enable the craft to be pursued on tablets and smart devices utilising imaging apps as well as hobby specific apps, some of which have been created specifically by brands for use with their own image products.
Digital scrapbooking kits are available to purchase and download at many websites that specialize in the craft. Kits contain graphics and word-art and are usually themed and color-coordinated. They usually consist of a mix of background images and "cut out" [extracted] images containing alpha channels. Once a kit has been downloaded to the computer or device, it can then be used over and over again to make new scrapbook pages (scrapbook layouts) within the software program that one chooses to use, often in combination with the users's own family photographs, scanned keepsakes and other unique personal elements scanned on a flatbed scanner. Scanning is usually done at 300dpi, to make the resulting images suitable for print.
Licensing and Copyright
Kits are sometimes licensed differently from other forms of traditional royalty-free stock images that may be purchased per-item or in sets at online stock photography sites. Some kit packs will be wholly royalty-free, but some kit makers may restrict usage to non-commercial work only. Some may specifically forbid the use of their work in projects for commercial gain, for example greetings cards and gift tags that may be made with their kits. Licensing often varies from kit to kit, even from the same maker. Some kits include derivative works of public domain material.
In contrast to stock, creators of digital scrapbooking kits often require a credit or byline to indicate that their image elements have been used in a new creation.
Uses
Some artistic individuals combine digital scrapbooking with traditional scrapbooking to create what's known as hybrid scrapbooking projects. Hybrid scrapbooking involves creating layouts on the computer using digital supplies that will then be printed and combined with traditional supplies such as buttons, ribbons and other elements. Conversely, a hybrid scrapbook project may also be created using traditional paper supplies and augmented with digital elements that have been printed and cut out specifically for use on the project.
Journaling may be done within the software programs to accompany images and to create digital storybooks, or scrapbooks, which are then published in photo books via various popular print-on-demand services, printed and added to traditional scrapbooks, burned to CDs or posted on the Web.
Digital Scrapbooking may also be done online by uploading photos to a specialist scrapbooking website and utili
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fourth%20Dimension%20%28book%29
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The Fourth Dimension: Toward a Geometry of Higher Reality (1984) is a popular mathematics book by Rudy Rucker, a Silicon Valley professor of mathematics and computer science. It provides a popular presentation of set theory and four dimensional geometry as well as some mystical implications. A foreword is provided by Martin Gardner and the 200+ illustrations are by David Povilaitis.
The Fourth Dimension: Toward a Geometry of Higher Reality was reprinted in 1985 as the paperback The Fourth Dimension: A Guided Tour of the Higher Universes. It was again reprinted in paperback in 2014 by Dover Publications with its original subtitle.
Like other Rucker books, The Fourth Dimension is dedicated to Edwin Abbott Abbott, author of the novella Flatland.
Synopsis
The Fourth Dimension teaches readers about the concept of a fourth spatial dimension. Several analogies are made to Flatland; in particular, Rucker compares how a square in Flatland would react to a cube in Spaceland to how a cube in Spaceland would react to a hypercube from the fourth dimension.
The book also includes multiple puzzles.
Reception
Kirkus Reviews called it "animated, often amusing", and a "rare treat", but noted that the book eventually leaves mathematical topics behind to focus instead on "mysticism of the all-is-one-one-is-all thinking of an Ouspensky." The Quarterly Review of Biology declared it to be "nice", and "at times (...) enchanting", comparing it to The Tao of Physics.
See also
Hiding in the Mirror, a similar book by Lawrence M. Krauss.
References
1984 non-fiction books
Books by Rudy Rucker
Mathematics books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity%20mask
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An affinity mask is a bit mask indicating what processor(s) a thread or process should be run on by the scheduler of an operating system. Setting the affinity mask for certain processes running under Windows can be useful as there are several system processes (especially on domain controllers) that are restricted to the first CPU / Core. So, excluding the first CPU might lead to better application performance.
Windows API
Thread affinity in Microsoft Windows can be specified with the SetThreadAffinityMask function. Forcing of each OpenMP thread to distinctive cores in Windows can be accomplished by means of the following C code:
#include <windows.h>
#include <omp.h>
// Set OpenMP thread affinity
void set_thread_affinity () {
#pragma omp parallel default(shared)
{
DWORD_PTR mask = (DWORD_PTR )1 << omp_get_thread_num();
SetThreadAffinityMask(GetCurrentThread(), mask);
}
}
See also
Processor affinity
References
External links
MSDN article on SetThreadAffinityMask function
Taskset, a tool to set the affinity mask on Linux
CPU Balancer, a free, open-source utility that distributes Windows XP processes uniformly over logical processors using the affinity mask
Job scheduling
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fact%20%28disambiguation%29
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A fact is an occurrence in the real world.
Fact or Facts may also refer to:
Basic uses
Fact (law), a statement which is found to be true after hearing evidence
Fact (data warehouse), a value or measurement, which represents a fact about the managed entity or system
Fact, a verifiable and objective observation in science
Fact, a true proposition or something that makes a proposition true in philosophy; see truthmaker
Literature
Fact (UK magazine), an online music magazine
Fact (US magazine), a former American publication that commented on controversial topics
Fact, a left-wing British magazine edited by Raymond Postgate
"Facts", a poem by Lewis Carroll
Music
Fact (band), a Japanese post-hardcore band
Fact (album), the self-titled album of Japanese post-hardcore band Fact
"Facts" (song), a 2015 song by Kanye West
"Facts", a song by H.E.R. from the album H.E.R.
"Facts", a song by Lecrae from the album All Things Work Together
See also
FACT (disambiguation) (including FACTS)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Rail%20Class%20501
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The British Rail Class 501 electric multiple units were built in 1955/56 for use on the former LNWR/LMS suburban electric network of the London Midland Region. A total of 57 three-car units were built.
Services
The services worked by the Class 501 units consisted of a small self-contained group of lines, which were electrified at 630 V DC on the 3rd and 4th rail principle, linking London Euston to Watford, Broad Street with both Richmond and Watford plus the Croxley Green branch — which was mostly served by shuttle trains from Watford. Some of these services were partially jointly operated with London Underground's Bakerloo and District Lines. In 1970 the trains were converted to 3rd rail only operation, although the 4th rail was retained on sections of line which are shared with London Underground trains.
The original electric scheme on these lines was at 630 V DC, which was actually supplied at +420 V in the outer electric rail and -210 V in the centre one, a total potential difference of 630 V. This was the same system as used at the time (and still employed today) by London Underground, and allowed Underground trains to run over the lines, from Queens Park to Watford (Bakerloo line) and Gunnersbury to Richmond (District line). In 1970 it was decided to convert to the normal arrangement of the full positive current of +630V in the outer rail, and to use the normal running rails for the return current at 0 potential. This required adaptation of the Class 501 trains to return current through the wheels instead of the centre rail. On the sections shared with the Underground trains the centre rail was retained, but was now also at zero potential and just bonded electrically to the running rails. No modifications were required on the Underground trains for this change, but electrical switching units are at the lineside where Underground trains pass from one system to the other.
Description
The Class 501 units were built by British Railways in its own workshops at Eastleigh on short 57 ft frames supplied by Ashford.
Despite British Railways having recently built modern sliding door trains for electric suburban services in Manchester and Liverpool and on the Great Eastern Main Line (classes , and respectively), it was decided that these trains would closely resemble the EPB stock of the Southern Region, which featured individual passenger-operated doors located at each seating bay. To prevent passengers leaning out of the opening windows, they were partially blocked with three bars — this was for passenger safety when travelling through areas with limited clearance, in particular Hampstead Tunnel. This earned them the nickname "jail units". The stock differed from that for the Southern Region in that each vehicle was long instead of , and the vehicles within the units had screw coupling with two buffers instead of the close-coupled single buffer with chain arrangement used on the Southern multiple units.
Formation
The trains were made up in 3
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed%20Ghanbari
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Mohammed Ghanbari () is an emeritus professor in the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering focused in the areas of Video Networking at the University of Essex.
He graduated from Aryamehr University of Technology in Tehran, Iran, with a BSc degree in electrical engineering in 1970, an MSc in telecommunications, and a PhD in electronics from the University of Essex, England in 1976 and 1979 respectively. After ten years of work in radio and television broadcasting, he started his academic career in 1986 as a Research Fellow working on video coding for Packet Networks. He was then appointed as a Lecturer at the Department of Electronic Systems Engineering at Essex in 1988 and promoted to senior lecturer then reader in 1993 and 1995, respectively. He was appointed a personal chair in 1996.
He is best known for his pioneering work on two-layer video coding for ATM networks (which earned him IEEE Fellowship in 2001), now is known as SNR scalability in the standard video codecs. He has registered for eleven international patents on various aspects of video networking. Mohammed was the co-recipient of A.H. Reeves prize for the best paper published in the 1995 proceedings of IEE in the theme of digital coding. He is the co-author of Principles of Performance Engineering, book published by IEE press in 1997, the author of Video coding: an introduction to standard codecs, book also published by IEE press in 1999, which received the year 2000 best book award by IEE, and the author of Standard Codecs: Image Compression to Advanced Video coding book also published by IEE press in 2003.
He has been an organizing member of several international conferences and workshops. He was the general chair of the 1997 international workshop on Packet Video and Guest Editor to 1997 IEEE Transactions on circuits and systems for Video Technology, Special issue on Multimedia technology and applications. He has been an Associate Editor to IEEE Transactions on Multimedia (IEEE-T-MM) and represented University of Essex as one of the six academic partners in the Virtual Centre of Excellence in Digital Broadcasting and Multimedia. He is a Life Fellow of IEEE, Fellow of IEE and Charted Engineer (CEng).
References
Iranian electrical engineers
Fellow Members of the IEEE
Alumni of the University of Essex
Academics of the University of Essex
Sharif University of Technology alumni
Living people
Iranian emigrants to the United Kingdom
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI%20check%20condition
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In computer terminology, a Check Condition occurs when a SCSI device needs to report an error.
SCSI communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target which then responds. SCSI commands are sent in a Command Descriptor Block (CDB). At the end of the command the target returns a Status Code byte which is usually 00h for success, 02h for a Check Condition (error), or 08h for busy.
When the target returns a Check Condition in response to a command, the initiator usually then issues a SCSI Request Sense command in order to obtain more information. During the time between the reporting of a Check Condition and the issuing of a Request Sense command, the target is in a special state called a Contingent Allegiance Condition.
Check Condition
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Federation%20of%20Landscape%20Architects
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The International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) is an organisation which represents the landscape architectural profession globally. It aims to provide leadership and networks to support the development of the profession and its effective participation in the realization of attractive, equitable and sustainable environments. IFLA currently represents 78 member associations from Africa, the Americas, Asia Pacific, the Middle East and Europe. The Federation's mission is to create globally sustainable and balanced living environments for the benefit of humanity worldwide. IFLA APR
Through its Member Associations, IFLA officially represents approximately 50,000 landscape architects across the world – the actual number of landscape architects is estimated to be more than 1 million globally.
IFLA has 11 aims:
To increase respect for the profession through the high esteem in which the Federation is held by international and regional organisations, including various United Nations Agencies.
To provide a platform for the exchange of knowledge and expertise.
To offer powerful institutional support to fight legislative threats to the integrity of the profession.
To provide a global platform for educational and professional opportunities.
To serve as a repository of information concerning landscape architecture, its heritage and capacities.
To grant access to projects which provide value to landscape architects at every stage of their career such as the Global Professional Standards Survey, Student Design Competition, Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe Award.
To raise the profile of the profession worldwide by supporting the development of new member associations and regions.
To provide access to international thought leaders demonstrating the capacity of landscape to meet global challenges such as water and food security, climate change, conflict, migration and depletion of natural resources.
To provide a global platform for engaging landscape architects (and those from related industries) in improving the conditions, aims and context of the profession long-term.
The governing body of IFLA is its World Council which comprises officers of the Executive Committee and the duly appointed delegates of the member associations which have been admitted to IFLA as members.
The IFLA Executive Committee develops and implements an action plan which realises three key strategic pillars of i) raising the profile of the profession; ii) building advocacy and; iii) providing member services that serve anyone connected to landscape architecture. IFLA's work is primarily delivered through projects, a matrix of working groups and collaboration with national, regional and international partners.
History
IFLA was founded at Cambridge, England, in 1948 with Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe as its first president, representing 15 countries from Europe and North America. Later, in 1978, IFLA's Headquarters were established in Versailles. Presently IFLA's Headquarters are in Par
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI%20contingent%20allegiance%20condition
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On a computer SCSI connection, a contingent allegiance condition occurs while a SCSI device reports an error.
SCSI communication takes place between an initiator and a target. The initiator sends a command to the target which then responds. At the end of the command the target returns a Status Code byte which is usually 00h for success, 02h for a Check Condition (error), or 08h for busy.
When the target returns a Check Condition in response to a command, the initiator usually then issues a SCSI Request Sense command in order to obtain more information. During the time between the reporting of a Check Condition and the issuing of the Request Sense command, the target is in the special state called the contingent allegiance condition.
Details
While a target is in a contingent allegiance condition it must retain the sense information that relates to the error that caused it to enter that condition. This can be a complex issue in configurations which contain more than one initiator. A well-designed target may be able to maintain sense data for one initiator while servicing commands from another initiator. If a check condition then needs to be reported to a second or third initiator then this may become prohibitively difficult. The SCSI definition of the contingent allegiance condition allows the target to use the busy response to incoming commands and to suspend servicing of any recent commands that are still in its execution queue.
The events that can cause a target to enter the contingent allegiance condition are
Target responds to a SCSI command with a check condition 02h
Target responds to a SCSI command with command terminated 22h
An unexpected disconnect
The events that can cause a target to exit the contingent allegiance condition are
Target receives a hard reset
Target receives an abort message
Target receives a bus device reset message
Target receives any command from the relevant initiator
Extended contingent allegiance condition
When the target needs to perform a long error-recovery procedure (typically one that lasts more than one second) it can enter the extended contingent allegiance condition. This may be necessary in high performance systems or in cases where there is a danger that initiator may reset the target after a short timeout interval, thereby aborting the error-recovery procedure. As in the contingent allegiance condition, the target is allowed to use the busy response to incoming commands and to suspend servicing of any recent commands that are still in its execution queue.
When a target enters the extended contingent allegiance condition it will send an Initiate Recovery message to the initiator.
The SCSI events that can cause a target to exit the extended contingent allegiance condition are
Target receives a Bus Device Reset
Target receives a hard reset
Target receives a Release Recovery message from the relevant initiator
References
Contingent Allegiance Condition
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%20Window%20System%20core%20protocol
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The X Window System core protocol is the base protocol of the X Window System, which is a networked windowing system for bitmap displays used to build graphical user interfaces on Unix, Unix-like, and other operating systems. The X Window System is based on a client–server model: a single server controls the input/output hardware, such as the screen, the keyboard, and the mouse; all application programs act as clients, interacting with the user and with the other clients via the server. This interaction is regulated by the X Window System core protocol. Other protocols related to the X Window System exist, both built at the top of the X Window System core protocol or as separate protocols.
In the X Window System core protocol, only four kinds of packets are sent, asynchronously, over the network: requests, replies, events, and errors. Requests are sent by a client to the server to ask it to perform some operation (for example, create a new window) and to send back data it holds. Replies are sent by the server to provide such data. Events are sent by the server to notify clients of user activity or other occurrences they are interested in. Errors are packets sent by the server to notify a client of errors occurred during processing of its requests. Requests may generate replies, events, and errors; other than this, the protocol does not mandate a specific order in which packets are sent over the network. Some extensions to the core protocol exist, each one having its own requests, replies, events, and errors.
X originated at MIT in 1984 (its release X11 appeared in September 1987). Its designers Bob Scheifler and Jim Gettys set as an early principle that its core protocol was to "create mechanism, not policy". As a result, the core protocol does not specify the interaction between clients and between a client and the user. These interactions are the subject of separate specifications, such as the ICCCM and the freedesktop.org specifications, and are typically enforced automatically by using a given widget set.
Overview
Communication between server and clients is done by exchanging packets over a channel. The connection is established by the client (how the client is started is not specified in the protocol). The client also sends the first packet, containing the byte order to be used and information about the version of the protocol and the kind of authentication the client expects the server to use. The server answers by sending back a packet stating the acceptance or refusal of the connection, or with a request for a further authentication. If the connection is accepted, the acceptance packet contains data for the client to use in the subsequent interaction with the server.
After connection is established, four types of packets are exchanged between client and server over the channel:
Request: The client requests information from the server or requests it to perform an action.
Reply: The server responds to a request. Not all requests gen
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%2010%20%282005%20TV%20series%29
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Ben 10 (retroactively known as Classic Ben 10) is an American animated series created by Man of Action, produced by Cartoon Network Studios and distributed by Warner Bros. Domestic Television. The series is about a 10-year-old boy named Ben Tennyson who gets a watch-style alien device called the "Omnitrix". Attached to his wrist, it allows him to transform into 10 different alien creatures with different abilities, allowing him to fight evil from Earth and space with his cousin Gwen and grandfather Max. The series first aired on Cartoon Network as a sneak peek on December 27, 2005, as part of "Sneak Peek Week", airing alongside other shows, including My Gym Partner's a Monkey, Robotboy and Zixx. It later became a full series airing from January 13, 2006, to April 15, 2008.
The series gradually became popular and was nominated for two Emmy Awards, winning one for "Outstanding Individual Achievement in Animation". The show spawned a franchise: three continuations were released respectively as Ben 10: Alien Force, Ben 10: Ultimate Alien and Ben 10: Omniverse; as well as a a reboot of the series in 2016.
Premise
The series centers around Ben Tennyson (Tara Strong), a ten-year-old boy on a cross-country summer vacation, with his cousin Gwen (Meagan Smith) and their grandfather Max (Paul Eiding). On their first night camping in their grandfather's RV affectionately named the "Rustbucket," Ben finds an alien pod with a mysterious watch-style device named the Omnitrix. The device then permanently attaches itself to his wrist giving him the ability to transform into a variety of alien life-forms each with its own unique skills and powers. With his newfound superpowers Ben has to learn the responsibilities of being a hero. During their vacation, the Tennysons are attacked by various enemies ranging from space aliens to supernatural entities.
Characters
Benjamin Kirby "Ben" Tennyson (voiced by Tara Strong):
Ben is a cocky, immature boy, who is not above enjoying attention and enjoys making jokes even during fights. Though his immaturity makes a bad impression on some people, Ben is good-hearted, noble and loyal, and his actions are motivated above all by a strong and sincere will to help and save others in need. He will stop at nothing to protect his family or anyone in danger whether human or alien. Ben proves to be resourceful, intelligent (Ben has been known to have an eidetic memory), shrewd and cunning when needed, which saved him from many situations, especially when the Omnitrix cannot activate or doesn't provide him with the alien he originally wanted.
Gwendolyn "Gwen" Tennyson (voiced by Meagan Smith):
Gwen is Ben's cousin and is depicted as a kind and intelligent girl, very skilled with computers and possessing a level of martial arts skills. She is also very independent but is very organized, sometimes to the point of compulsive, but can be a light-hearted schemer and immature as Ben. Overall, her most notable skill is her innate, if latent,
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Transport%20Network
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Open Transport Network (OTN) is a flexible private communication network based on fiber optic technology, manufactured by OTN Systems.
It is a networking technology used in vast, private networks with a great diversity of communication requirements, such as subway systems, pipelines, the mining industry, tunnels and the like (ref). It permits all kinds of applications such as video images, different forms of speech and data traffic, information for process management and the like to be sent flawlessly and transparent over a practically unlimited distance. The system is a mix of Transmission and Access NE, communicating over an optical fiber. The communication protocols include serial protocols (e.g. RS232) as well as telephony (POTS/ISDN), audio, Ethernet, video and video-over-IP (via M-JPEG, MPEG2/4, H.264 or DVB) (ref).
Open Transport Network is a brand name and not to be mistaken with Optical Transport Network.
Concept
The basic building block of OTN is called a node. It is a 19" frame that houses and interconnects the building blocks that produce the OTN functionality. Core building blocks are the power supply and the optical ring adapter (called BORA : Broadband Optical Ring Adapter) (ref). The remaining node space can be configured with up to 8 (different) layer 1 interfaces as required.
OTN nodes are interconnected using pluggable optical fibers in a dual counterrotating ring topology. The primary ring consists of fibers carrying data from node to node in one direction, the secondary ring runs parallel with the primary ring but carries data in the opposite direction. Under normal circumstances, only one ring carries active data. If a failure is detected in this data path, the secondary ring is activated. This hot standby topology results in a 1 + 1 path redundancy. The switchover mechanism is hardware based and results in ultrafast (50ms) switchover without service loss.
Virtual bidirectional point-to-point or point-to-multipoint connections (services) between identical interfaces in different nodes are programmed via a configuration software called OMS (OTN management system). By doing this, OTN mimics a physical wire harness interconnecting electronic data equipment but with the added advantages typical for fiber transmission and with high reliability due to the intrinsic redundant concept.
This concept makes the Open Transport Network the de facto transmission backbone standard for industrial high reliability communication sites that require errorfree communication for a large spectrum of protocols over long distances like pipelines, metros, rail, motorways and industrial sites.
The optical rings transport frames with a bitrate of (approximately) 150 Mbit/s (STM-1/OC-3), 622 Mbit/s (STM-4/OC-12), 2.5 Gbit/s (STM-16/OC-48) or 10Gbit/s (STM-64/OC-192). The frames are divided into 32 kb payload cells that carry the service data from source to destination. Via the OTN management system (OMS), as many cells as required by
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDA%20database
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An EDA database is a database specialized for the purpose of electronic design automation. These application specific databases are required because general purpose databases have historically not provided enough performance for EDA applications.
In examining EDA design databases, it is useful to look at EDA tool architecture, to determine which parts are to be considered part of the design database, and which parts are the application levels. In addition to the database itself, many other components are needed for a useful EDA application. Associated with a database are one or more language systems (which, although not directly part of the database, are used by EDA applications such as parameterized cells and user scripts). On top of the database are built the algorithmic engines within the tool (such as timing, placement, routing, or simulation engines ), and the highest level represents the applications built from these component blocks, such as floorplanning. The scope of the design database includes the actual design, library information, technology information, and the set of translators to and from external formats such as Verilog and GDSII.
Mature design databases
Many instances of mature design databases exist in the EDA industry, both as a basis for commercial EDA tools as well as proprietary EDA tools developed by the CAD groups of major electronics companies.
IBM, Hewlett-Packard, SDA Systems and ECAD (now Cadence Design Systems), High Level Design Systems, and many other companies developed EDA specific databases over the last 20 years, and these continue to be the basis of IC-design systems today. Many of these systems took ideas from university research and successfully productized them. Most of the mature design databases have evolved to the point where they can represent netlist data, layout data, and the ties between the two. They are hierarchical to allow for reuse and smaller designs. They can support styles of layout from digital through pure analog and many styles of mixed-signal design.
Current design databases
The OpenAccess design database
Given the importance of a common design database in the EDA industry, the OpenAccess Coalition has been formed to develop, deploy, and support an open-sourced EDA design database with shared control. The data model presented in the OA DB provides a unified model that currently extends from structural RTL through GDSII-level mask data, and now into the reticle and wafer space. It provides a
rich enough capability to support digital, analog, and mixed-signal design data. It provides technology data that can express foundry process design rules through at least 20 nm, contains the definitions of the layers and purposes used in the design, definitions of VIAs and routing rules, definitions of operating points used for analysis, and so on. OA makes extensive use of IC-specific data compression techniques to reduce the memory footprint, to address the size, capacity, and performance p
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ATVSI
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ATVSI (Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia, Indonesian Private Televisions Association) is an organization that unites the national commercial television networks in Indonesia.
History
1997-2000: The Establishment of TVSNI
The Pioneer of ATVSI at the new Order era, was the National TV Station that existed in this time such as RCTI, SCTV, TPI, ANteve and Indosiar agreed to form Televisi Swasta Nasional Indonesia (English: Indonesian National Private Television) as the place of communicate and coordinate for common interests as the Industry of Television. The Born of TVSNI nursed by Dewi Fajar (TPI), Harry Kuntoro (RCTI), Soeastomo Soepardji (Indosiar), Anton Nangoy (ANteve) and Agus Mulyanto (SCTV)
2000-2018: The Establishment of ATVSI
Post reform era, after several meetings, then matured the formation of an association. On August 4, 2000, it was formed as 'ATVSI (Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia)' (English: Indonesian Private Television Association), by representatives of five National TV Stations, namely RCTI, SCTV, TPI, ANteve and Indosiar. The founders put the agreement in the meeting signed all by participants who attended among others, contended will be made AD/ART and formed by management organization ATVSI such as chairman and general secretary. Therefore, ATVSI it is legal. The chairman was elected for the first time as the Anton Nangoy (ANteve) and General Secretary was Soeastomo Soepardji (Indosiar) For term of office 2000-2003, and the first staff was Wida Wahyu Widyawati.
Along with time, as of year 2002, then the membership of National TV Station was tenth National TV Station such as RCTI, SCTV, TPI (now MNCTV), Indosiar, antv, Metro TV, Trans TV, TV7 (now Trans7), Lativi (now tvOne), and Global TV (now GTV)
As the administrators year 2003-2006 and 2006-2010, was Karni Ilyas (SCTV), and Zsa Zsa Yusharyahya (Metro TV) as general secretary. For 2006-2010 period was Nurhadi Poerwosapoetro (Indosiar) as general secretary. In Karni Ilyas period made some changes, and the name of Televisi Swasta Nasional Indonesia changes into Asosiasi Televisi Swasta Indonesia'. For management, other chairman of commission, also equipped as executive director, such as Uni Lubis (ANTV) and executive secretary Gilang Iskandar (RCTI)
Erick Thohir from tvOne was elected as the chairman ATVSI from year 2010-2013 and 2013-2015 or the third chairman. In the general meeting of ATVSI members on 10 November 2010, Erick Thohir as the chairman with general secretary as Warnedy (Trans TV)
Ishadi SK from Trans Media elected as the ATVSI chairman year 2015-2018, or the fourth chairman. In the general meeting of ATVSI members on 4 June 2015, Ishadi SK elected with representatives, Syafril Nasution (RCTI), Drs. Imam Soedjarwo (Indosiar), and general secretary Suryopratomo (Metro TV).
2019-present: Digital Era
For 2019-2022 period, Chairman of ATVSI was Syafril Nasution from RCTI and the representatives Don Bosco Selamun (Metro TV), and General Secretary Gilan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastbrook%20railway%20station
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Eastbrook railway station is a railway station serving the Eastbrook area of Dinas Powys, a village near Cardiff, South Wales. It is located on Network Rail's Barry Branch south of Cardiff Central towards Barry Island and Bridgend (via Barry and Rhoose).
Passenger services are operated by Transport for Wales as part of the Valley Lines network. It is one of the more recent additions to the route, being opened by British Rail in 1986.
Services
The typical Monday-Saturday off-peak service from Eastbrook is:
2 tph which terminate at Merthyr Tydfil, calling at Cogan, Grangetown, Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street, Cathays, Llandaf, Radyr, Taffs Well, Trefforest Estate, Trefforest, Pontypridd, Abercynon, Quakers Yard, Merthyr Vale, Troed-y-rhiw and Pentre-bach. This journey takes 76 minutes.
2 tph which terminate at Aberdare, calling at Cogan, Grangetown, Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street, Cathays, Llandaf, Radyr, Taffs Well, Trefforest, Pontypridd, Abercynon, Penrhiwceiber, Mountain Ash, Fernhill and Cwmbach. This journey takes 78 minutes.
3 tph which terminate at Barry Island, calling at Dinas Powys, Cadoxton, Barry Docks and Barry. This journey takes 22 minutes.
1 tph which terminates at Bridgend, calling at Dinas Powys, Cadoxton, Barry Docks, Barry, Rhoose for Cardiff International Airport and Llantwit Major. This journey takes 49 minutes.
These services combine to give 4 tph to Cardiff Central, Cardiff Queen Street and stations to Pontypridd (excluding Trefforest Estate) and 4 tph to Barry. In the evening, trains run every 30 minutes each way and on Sundays there are 2 tph to Barry Island, one every 2 hours to Bridgend and either two or three per hour to Cardiff.
References
External links
Railway stations in the Vale of Glamorgan
DfT Category F2 stations
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1986
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord-100
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The Nord-100 was a 16-bit minicomputer series made by Norsk Data, introduced in 1979. It shipped with the Sintran III operating system, and the architecture was based on, and backward compatible with, the Nord-10 line.
The Nord-100 was originally named the Nord-10/M (M for Micro) as a bit sliced OEM processor. The board was laid out, finished, and tested when they realized that the central processing unit (CPU) was far faster than the Nord-10/S. The result was that all the marketing material for the new NORD-10/M was discarded, the board was rechristened the Nord-100, and extensively advertised as the successor of the Nord-10 line. Later, in an effort to internationalize their line, the machine was renamed ND-100.
Performance
CPU
The ND-100 line used a custom processor, and like the PDP-11 line, the CPU decided the name of the computer.
Nord-100/CE, Commercial Extended, with decimal arithmetic instructions (The decimal instruction set was later renamed CX)
ND-110, incrementally improved ND-100
ND-110/CX, an ND-110 with decimal instructions
ND-120/CX, full redesign
The ND-100 line was machine-instruction compatible with the Nord-10 line, except for some extended instructions, all in supervisor mode, mostly used by the operating system. Like most processors of its time, the native bit grouping was octal, despite the 16-bit word length.
The ND-100 series had a microcoded CPU, with downloadable microcode, and was considered a complex instruction set computer (CISC) processor.
===ND-100===
The ND-100 was implemented using medium-scale integration (MSI) logic and bit-slice processors.
The ND-100 was frequently sold together with a memory management unit card, the MMS. The combined power use of these boards was 90 watts. The boards would usually occupy slots 2 and 3, for the CPU and MMS, respectively. Slot 1 was reserved for the Tracer, a hardware debugger system.
ND-100/CE
The CE stood for Commercial Extended. The processor was upgraded by replacing the microcode PROM.
It added instruction for decimal arithmetic and conversion, stack instructions, segment-change instructions used by the OS, a block move, test-and-set, and a read-without-cache instruction.
ND-110
The ND-110 was an incremental improvement over the ND-100.
The ND-110 combined the memory management system and CPU, formerly separate cards, on one board. The single CPU/MMS board was plugged into the memory management board slot, usually numbered 3. Power consumption was reduced from 90 watts to 60.
The ND-110 made extensive use of Programmable Array Logic (PALs) and gate arrays, with semi-custom Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) chips.
The ND-110 had three gate arrays:
The Micro Instruction Controller, the MIC, also known as RMIC, for Rask MIC (Speedy MIC). It replaced three 74S482 sequencers and about 30 other ICs.
The Arithmetical and Logical Unit gate array (ALU, also known as the BUFALU). Replaced four Am2901 bit-slice processors, and some added registers like the d
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ND-500
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The ND-500 was a 32-bit superminicomputer delivered in 1981 by Norsk Data. It relied on a ND-100 to do housekeeping tasks and run the OS, SINTRAN III. A configuration could feature up to four ND-500 CPUs in a shared-memory configuration.
Hardware implementations
The ND-500 architecture lived through four distinct implementations. Each implementation was sold under a variety of different model numbers.
ND also sold multiprocessor configurations, naming them ND-580/n and an ND-590n, where n represented the number of CPUs in a given configuration, 2, 3, or 4.
ND-500/1
Sold as the ND-500, ND-520, ND-540, and ND-560.
ND-500/2
Sold as the ND-570, ND-570/CX, and ND-570/ACX.
ND-505
A 28-bit version of the ND-500 machine. Pins were snipped on the backplane, removing its status as a superminicomputer, allowing it to legally pass through the CoCom embargo.
Samson
Sold as the ND-5200, ND-5400, ND-5500, ND-5700, and ND-5800. The ND-120 CPU line, which constituted the ND-100 side of most ND-5000 computers, was named Delilah. As the 5000 line progressed in speed, the dual-arch ND-100/500 configuration increasingly became bottlenecked by all input/output (I/O) having to go through the ND-100.
Rallar
Sold as the ND-5830 and ND-5850. The Rallar processor consisted of two main VLSI gate arrays, KUSK (En: Jockey) and GAMP (En: Horse).
Software
LED was a programmer's source-code editor by Norsk Data running on the ND-500 computers running Sintran III. It featured automatic indenting, pretty-printing of source code, and integration with the compiler environment. It was sold as an advanced alternative to PED. Several copies exist, and it is installed on the NODAF public access ND-5700.
In 198283, Logica PLC in London undertook a project, on behalf of ND, to port Unix Berkley Software Distribution (BSD) 4.2 to the ND-500. A C compiler from Luleå University College in Northern Sweden was used. The goal was to port Unix BSD to the ND-500 and use the ND-100 running Sintran-III as the front end. Thus, all I/O had to go through the ND-100 which proved very inefficient. For example, running vi on the ND-500 brought the ND-100 to its knees. The purpose of the effort was so that ND could sell the 500 to the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), who were buying VAXes from Digital Equipment Corporation. But the ND-500 was unable to meet CERN's goals. Although the ND-500 processor was very fast for its time, it couldn't compete with the superior VAX I/O architecture.
External links
Norsk Data minicomputers
32-bit computers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous%20pipe
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In computer science, an anonymous pipe is a simplex FIFO communication channel that may be used for one-way interprocess communication (IPC). An implementation is often integrated into the operating system's file IO subsystem. Typically a parent program opens anonymous pipes, and creates a new process that inherits the other ends of the pipes, or creates several new processes and arranges them in a pipeline.
Full-duplex (two-way) communication normally requires two anonymous pipes.
Pipelines are supported in most popular operating systems, from Unix and DOS onwards, and are created using the "|" character in many shells.
Unix
Pipelines are an important part of many traditional Unix applications and support for them is well integrated into most Unix-like operating systems. Pipes are created using the pipe system call, which creates a new pipe and returns a pair of file descriptors referring to the read and write ends of the pipe. Many traditional Unix programs are designed as filters to work with pipes.
Microsoft Windows
Like many other device IO and IPC facilities in the Windows API, anonymous pipes are created and configured with API functions that are specific to the IO facility. In this case CreatePipe is used to create an anonymous pipe with separate handles for the read and write ends of the pipe. Read and write IO operations on the pipe are performed with the standard IO facility API functions ReadFile and WriteFile.
On Microsoft Windows, reads and writes to anonymous pipes are always blocking. In other words, a read from an empty pipe will cause the calling thread to wait until at least one byte becomes available or an end-of-file is received as a result of the write handle of the pipe being closed. Likewise, a write to a full pipe will cause the calling thread to wait until space becomes available to store the data being written. Reads may return with fewer than the number of bytes requested (also called a short read).
New processes can inherit handles to anonymous pipes in the creation process.
See also
Named pipe
Anonymous named pipe
Pipeline (Unix)
References
Hart, Johnson M. Windows System Programming, Third Edition. Addison-Wesley, 2005.
Notes
Inter-process communication
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha%20Microsystems
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Alpha Microsystems, Inc., often shortened to Alpha Micro, was an American computer company founded in California in 1977. The company was founded in 1977 in Costa Mesa, California, by John French, Dick Wilcox and Bob Hitchcock. During the dot-com boom, the company changed its name to AlphaServ, then NQL Inc., reflecting its pivot toward being a provider of Internet software. However, the company soon reverted to its original Alpha Microsystems name after the dot-com bubble burst.
Products
The first Alpha Micro computer was the S-100 AM-100, based upon the WD16 microprocessor chipset from Western Digital. As of 1982, AM-100/L and the AM-1000 were based on the Motorola 68000 and succeeding processors, though Alpha Micro swapped several addressing lines to create byte-ordering compatibility with their earlier processor.
Early peripherals included standard computer terminals (such models as Soroc, Hazeltine 1500, and Wyse WY50), Fortran punch card readers, 100 baud rate acoustic coupler modems (later upgraded to 300 baud modems), and 10 MB CDC Hawk hard drives with removable disk packs.
The company's primary claim to fame was selling inexpensive minicomputers that provided multi-user power using a proprietary operating system called AMOS (Alpha Micro Operating System). The operating system on the 68000 machines was called AMOS/L. The operating system had major similarities to the operating system of the DEC DECsystem-10. This may not be coincidental; legend has it that the founders based their operating system on "borrowed" source code from DEC, and DEC, perceiving the same, unsuccessfully tried to sue Alpha Micro over the similarities in 1984.
As Motorola stopped developing their 68000 product, Alpha Micro started to move to the x86 CPU family, used in common PCs. This was initially done with the Falcon cards, allowing standard DOS and later Windows-based PCs to run AMOS applications on the 68000-series CPU on the Falcon card. The work done on AMPC became the foundation for AMOS 8.x, which runs natively on x86, but includes a 68K emulator to run older software in a method similar to Apple Inc.'s Mac 68k emulator for PowerPC.
For application development, AMOS used a proprietary BASIC-like language called AlphaBASIC (though several other languages, including Assembler, FORTRAN, Pascal, and COBOL, were available). Older versions interpreted a tokenized executable file. Later versions translate the tokenized executable into x86 code for performance.
Other programming languages included AlphaFortran, AlphaLisp and AlphaPascal.
In the past, Alpha Micro bundled their operating system and tools such as BASIC and their ISAM implementation as part of the hardware sale, also providing patches and OS upgrades for free or at minimal cost. Gradually, Alpha Micro has transitioned to charging for their software as hardware becomes more of a commodity item.
The Alpha Microsystems package often included software that allow traditional multi-user systems, l
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%86%90
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← or <- may refer to:
an arrow (symbol), character of Unicode
an arrow key or a backspace on a keyboard
←, <<, <-, representing the assignment operator in various programming languages
a converse implication in logic
the relative direction of left or back
"Caused by" (and other meanings), in medical notation
See also
Arrow (disambiguation)
↑ (disambiguation)
↓ (disambiguation)
→ (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%86%92
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→ or -> may refer to:
one of the arrow symbols, characters of Unicode
one of the arrow keys, on a keyboard
→, >, representing the assignment operator in various programming languages
->, a pointer operator in C and C++ where a->b is synonymous with (*a).b (except when either -> or * has been overridden in C++).
→, goto in the APL programming language
→, representing the direction of a chemical reaction in a chemical equation
→, representing the set of all mathematical functions that map from one set to another in set theory
→, representing a material implication in logic
→, representing morphism in category theory
→, representing a vector in physics and mathematics
the relative direction of right or forward
→, a notation of Conway chained arrow notation for very large integers
"Due to" (and other meanings), in medical notation
the button that starts playback of a recording on a media player
See also
Arrow (disambiguation)
↑ (disambiguation)
↓ (disambiguation)
← (disambiguation)
"Harpoons":
↼
↽
↾
↿
⇀
⇁
⇂
⇃
⇋
⇌
Logic symbols
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBTK-FM
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CBTK-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network in Kelowna, British Columbia. The station broadcasts at 88.9 FM in Kelowna.
History
The station was launched in 1987. Prior to its launch, CBC Radio programming aired in Kelowna on private affiliate CKOV 630 in the AM band, while most of its other transmitters were rebroadcasters of Vancouver's CBU.
Local programming
CBTK produces its own local morning show, Daybreak South with Chris Walker, as well as a local afternoon show, Radio West with Sarah Penton, which airs across the whole interior of British Columbia.
Rebroadcasters
On April 12, 1985, the CRTC approved an application by the CBC to amend the broadcasting licences for CBXH, CBDA and CBKI by changing the frequencies from 1450 to 1540; 1240 to 1560; and 1450 to 1350. These AM transmitters were eventually converted to FM or shutdown.
FM conversions
On October 13, 2011, CBTK applied to convert CBRD 860 to 97.1 MHz. The application was approved on December 15, 2011. CBRD's callsign was replaced by CBTK-FM-1 once the flip occurred.
On August 16, 2013, CBTK-FM applied to relocate CBRJ 860 to 107.3 MHz. This application was approved on October 31, 2013.
On September 23, 2014, the CBC was approved to convert CBUI 740 to 102.5 MHz.
On September 1, 2017, the CBC applied to convert CBUM to 91.3 MHz. The CRTC approved the CBC's application to convert CBUM from 900 AM to 91.3 FM on November 17, 2017. This was later changed to 99.9 MHz after the CRTC approved the CBC's application to move CBUM-FM from 91.3 MHz to 99.9 MHz on September 18, 2019.
Transmitter closures
On October 25, 2013 at the request of the CBC, the CRTC deleted low-power AM transmitter CBKR 740 in Parson. Also, another low-power AM transmitter CBWD 900 in Donald was deleted. Radio One programming in these communities are available from adjacent transmitters CBUQ-FM and CBXE-FM, the closest Radio One transmitters to Parson and Donald.
Split of CBYK-FM into separate network
CBTK-FM was previously repeated on CBYK-FM Kamloops and on 22 CBC radio repeaters in the Thompson and Cariboo regions. On October 28, 2011, the CBC filed an application with the CRTC to convert CBYK-FM to an anchor of a new regional CBC Radio One network. The CRTC approved the new regional network on March 30, 2012, with a start-up date slated for October 9, 2012.
CBUC-FM, which was originally to have been part of the new network, will remain a repeater of CBTK-FM, following interventions from various parties, including the City of Salmon Arm, that the region is more economically-tied with the Okanagan region than with Kamloops.
Shortly after CBYK-FM's launch as a separate station, residents of Revelstoke complained to the CRTC that they were not consulted by the CBC when they switched their local repeater, CBTO-FM 91.3, to CBYK-FM's programming; e-mails made to the city's mayor's office show that 80% of listeners prefer programming from Kelowna, while only
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBCV-FM
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CBCV-FM is a Canadian radio station, which broadcasts the programming of the CBC Radio One network in Victoria, British Columbia, and throughout Vancouver Island, the Southern Gulf Islands, and the Sunshine Coast. It also reaches out to parts of Washington north of Everett, but is harder to listen to because of KSER on 90.7.
It was the most listened to radio station in the Victoria Market in the Fall 2018 Numeris Diary Survey.
History
The station was licensed by the CRTC in 1997, and was launched on September 28, 1998. At the same time, the station was licensed to add a rebroadcaster at Metchosin, and took over 13 existing rebroadcasters of Vancouver's CBU.
Prior to the station's launch, Victoria was the only provincial capital in Canada without its own CBC Radio production centre.
As of January 25, 2013, the station shares its studio facilities with independent television station CHEK-DT.
Local programming
The station's local programs are On the Island (hosted by Gregor Craigie) in the morning and All Points West (hosted by Jason D'Souza, previously hosted by Robyn Burns) in the afternoon. Both programs broadcast exclusively on CBCV and its rebroadcasters on Vancouver Island and the Sunshine Coast.
Transmitters
The only major city on Vancouver Island without its own CBC Radio transmitter is Nanaimo. CBCV's signal on 90.5 MHz from Victoria only reaches as far north as Ladysmith, and its signal on 92.5 MHz from Powell River as received in the Nanaimo area interferes with KQMV from Seattle. Consequently, the only CBC Radio One signals that can be reliably received in the Nanaimo area are from CBU Vancouver, which air weekday morning and afternoon local programs from Vancouver instead of Victoria. The CBC applied to the CRTC to add a rebroadcaster of CBCV at Nanaimo in 2007, contemporaneous with an application to convert the Vancouver station to FM. As few FM frequencies remain available in the Vancouver-Victoria market, however, the applications were denied. CBU was permitted to add a nested low-power rebroadcaster in the urban core of Vancouver, but was required to maintain the AM signal to serve outlying areas, including Nanaimo. HD Radio receivers in Nanaimo can however receive Victoria's local programming over the HD3 channel of Vancouver's 88.1 MHz signal.
On October 20, 2015 the CRTC approved the CBC's application to operate a low-power FM rebroadcasting transmitter in Ucluelet, which will operate at 92.7 MHz with an effective radiated power of 50 watts. The new FM transmitter replaced the old AM transmitter, CBXQ.
On March 9, 2016, the CBC received CRTC approval to change the technical parameters of CBRY by changing the transmitter's class from A1 to A, by increasing the effective radiated power from 77 to 360 watts and by increasing the effective height of antenna above average terrain from -50.5 to -41.5 metres.
On December 22, 2016, the CBC applied to convert CBUX 1170 to 92.3 MHz with the proposed callsign CBCV-FM-2. The CRTC ap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBY%20%28radio%20station%29
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CBY is a clear-channel public radio station in Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador. It is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and it carries the CBC's Radio One network. The transmitter is off the Trans-Canada Highway near Massey Drive in Corner Brook.
CBY is a Class A station, transmitting with 10,000 watts, using a non-directional antenna. By day, the signal covers most of Western Newfoundland. At night, with a good radio, it can be heard around the Maritime Provinces and parts of Quebec and New England. Nine FM rebroadcasters provide additional coverage throughout Western Newfoundland and the Northern Peninsula.
History
Before Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation in 1949, Newfoundland radio stations had call signs beginning with VO. Thus, what is now CBY was launched with the call sign VOWN, standing for the Voice of West Newfoundland, on July 5, 1943 during a public ceremony attended by about two hundred guests in the ballroom of the Glynmill Inn. The broadcast opened with a rendition of Ode to Newfoundland played by the Corner Brook Militia Band, followed by a recorded address from Sir Humphrey Walwyn, Governor of Newfoundland.
The station originally broadcast on a frequency of 840 kHz and was owned by the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland. Following a power increase from 250 watts to 1,000 watts on March 23, 1947, the station began broadcasting on 790 kHz.
On March 31, 1949, the Broadcasting Corporation of Newfoundland was absorbed by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation when Newfoundland joined Canada. Consequently, VOWN adopted its present call sign. In 1963, the station began broadcasting on 990 kHz.
CBNA St. Anthony signed on the air on August 2, 1969 at 600 kHz, but has since moved to 100.3 FM.
On October 19, 2012, CBY made its final broadcast from its longtime studios of 53 years on Premier Drive in Corner Brook after the announcement of budget cuts by the federal government. The station is now located in the Valley Mall, a decision that drew much criticism mostly because of the size of the new studios. The former CBC location was a building, owned and operated by the CBC.
The call sign CBY was previously used by a CBL rebroadcaster in Toronto from 1938 to 1943.
Local programming
Since 2018, CBY has cooperated with CBG in Gander to produce CBC Newfoundland Morning, a local morning show focused on central and western Newfoundland, the Northern Peninsula, and southern Labrador. Prior to this, CBY produced its own morning show called The West Coast Morning Show.
For the remainder of local programming blocks within the CBC Radio One schedule, CBY broadcasts programming from CBN in St. John's.
Transmitters
On May 27, 1986, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to change CBNE from 1370 to 1420 kHz. CBNE was later converted to 91.9 MHz on February 15, 1989.
On February 5, 2018, the CRTC approved the CBC's application to convert CBNA 600 to 100.3 MHz with an effective radiated power of 4,500
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBA%20on%20CBS
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The NBA on CBS is the branding that is used for weekly broadcasts of National Basketball Association (NBA) games produced by CBS Sports, the sports division of the CBS television network in the United States. CBS aired NBA games from the 1973–74 NBA season (when it succeeded ABC Sports as the national broadcaster of the NBA) until the 1989–90 NBA season (when CBS was succeeded by NBC Sports).
History
Early presentation
In the early 1970s, the CBS television network aired American Basketball Association (ABA) games, specifically league's annual All-Star Game/selected playoff games. Pat Summerall served as the CBS analyst on some ABA games alongside Don Criqui on play-by-play. Game 5 of the 1970 ABA Finals (Indiana vs. Los Angeles) was nationally televised by CBS on Saturday, May 23 at 3 p.m. Eastern Time. The broadcast was however, blacked out in Indiana. After that league's 1972–73 season, CBS lost its TV airing rights as they started airing NBA games in its 1973–74 season onward.
During CBS' first few years of covering the NBA, CBS was accused of mishandling their NBA telecasts. Among the criticisms included CBS playing too much loud music, the lack of stability with the announcers, regionalizing telecasts (thus fragmenting the ratings even further), billing games as being between star players instead of teams, and devoting too much attention to the slam dunk in instant replays. Regular features included a pre-game show that consisted of mini-teams of celebrities, and active and former NBA players competing against each other, and a halftime show called Horse.
The NBA eventually took notice of the criticisms and managed to persuade CBS to eliminate its original halftime show. In its place, came human-interest shows about the players (similar to the ones seen on the network's NFL pre-game The NFL Today). There also was a possibility that CBS would start televising a single national game on Sunday afternoons.
Other adjustments that CBS made in hopes of improving its coverage included hiring reporter Sonny Hill to cover the league on a full-time basis. CBS also put microphones and cameras on team huddles to allow viewers to see and hear coaches at work. Finally, CBS introduced a halftime segment called Red Auerbach on Roundball, featuring the Hall of Fame Boston Celtics coach. The segment intended to not only educate CBS' viewers about the complexities of the pro game, but also to teach young players how to improve their skills. They also subtly introduced audiences to an all-star team based on Auerbach's criteria such as screening and passing. In a Red on Roundball halftime segment which appeared on CBS' NBA telecasts in the 1973–74 season, Auerbach and referee Mendy Rudolph discussed and demonstrated the practice of flopping with obvious disapproval.
Sandy Grossman was the chief director of broadcasting NBA games on CBS during the early 1970s. Grossmann innovated using music at the break of basketball games, and after he played "The Hustle"
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampton%20Court%20%28TV%20series%29
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Hampton Court is a 1991 Australian situation comedy series, produced by Gary Reilly Productions for the Seven Network.
The series was a spin-off of Hey Dad...! with the link being the inclusion here of actress Julie McGregor reprising her role of Betty Wilson. She continued to play that role in Hey Dad while this series was in production.
There are occasional cameo appearances by Hey Dad..! cast members.
Synopsis
Four young tenants share a flat in a building named Hampton Court. Betty, who has left her old flat, moves in next door.
The various tenants struggle with domestic chores, coming up with the rent, and hectic social lives. They team up to keep the baby secret from their meddling landlord, Mr. Colloudos (Roy Billing), a Greek immigrant. Colloudos lives upstairs with his off-screen wife and their pet rottweilers, and enforces a strict no-babies rule in the building.
The tenants are single mother Lisa and her baby; chronic job-hopper Richard who is often behind on his rent; naïve but sassy Sophie; and fun-loving pub musician Trevor.
Cast
Danielle Spencer as Lisa Barrett
Adam Willits as Richard Granville
Maxine Klibingaitis as Sophie Verstak
Rod Zuanic as Trevor
Roy Billing as Mr. Colloudos
Julie McGregor as Betty Wilson
Production
With the original working title of Hampton House, this series was recorded when Hey Dad..! went into hiatus at the end of its fifth season.
Seven Network executives had suggested the inclusion of Hey Dad..! character Nudge, but due to Christopher Truswell wanting to move on to other projects, he was not involved.
Rachael Beck screen-tested for the role of Lisa. She impressed the creators so much, they decided to cast her as Samantha Kelly on Hampton Court'''s parent show, Hey Dad..!.
The Hampton Court set was the same one used in another Gary Reilly sitcom, My Two Wives, with a different colour of paint, among other minor changes.
Only a moderate ratings success in its Thursday night time-slot against rival powerhouses The Flying Doctors and E Street'', the program was not renewed beyond its initial series of thirteen half-hour episodes.
Episodes
See also
List of Australian television series
External links
Hampton Court at the National Film and Sound Archive
TV Week blurb on Hampton Court
Australian television sitcoms
Seven Network original programming
Television shows set in New South Wales
1991 Australian television series debuts
1991 Australian television series endings
Australian television spin-offs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game%20server
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A game server (also sometimes referred to as a host) is a server which is the authoritative source of events in a multiplayer video game. The server transmits enough data about its internal state to allow its connected clients to maintain their own accurate version of the game world for display to players. They also receive and process each player's input.
Types
Dedicated server
Dedicated servers simulate game worlds without supporting direct input or output, except that required for their administration. Players must connect to the server with separate client programs in order to see and interact with the game.
The foremost advantage of dedicated servers is their suitability for hosting in professional data centers, with all of the reliability and performance benefits that entails. Remote hosting also eliminates the low-latency advantage that would otherwise be held by any player who hosts and connects to a server from the same machine or local network.
Dedicated servers cost money to run, however. Cost is sometimes met by a game's developers (particularly on consoles) and sometimes by clan groups, but in either case, the public is reliant on third parties providing servers to connect to. For this reason, most games which use dedicated servers also provide listen server support. Players of these games will oftentimes host servers for the public and their clans, either by hosting a server instance from their own hardware, or by renting from a game server hosting provider.
Listen server
Listen servers run in the same process as a game client. They otherwise function like dedicated servers, but typically have the disadvantage of having to communicate with remote players over the residential internet connection of the hosting player. Performance is also reduced by the simple fact that the machine running the server is also generating an output image. Furthermore, listen servers grant anyone playing on them directly a large latency advantage over other players and cease to exist when that player leaves the game.
However, listen servers have the advantage of being essentially free and not requiring any special infrastructure or forward planning to set up, which makes them common at LAN parties where latency and bandwidth issues are not a concern. They are also common in console games.
Host migration
In a listen server arrangement, "host migration" is a useful feature. Without host migration, if the player that is currently hosting disconnects for any reason (quitting, crashing, lost network connection, etc.), the current server stops functioning and gameplay ends. A host migration feature allows one of the other players to become designated as the new host, so that the game can continue.
Peer-to-Peer
In the client/server model outlined elsewhere in this article, clients receive processed data from the server and display it without much thought. In the alternative "peer-to-peer" model there is no server: each "peer" instead receives the raw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost%20efficiency
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Cost efficiency (or cost optimality), in the context of parallel computer algorithms, refers to a measure of how effectively parallel computing can be used to solve a particular problem. A parallel algorithm is considered cost efficient if its asymptotic running time multiplied by the number of processing units involved in the computation is comparable to the running time of the best sequential algorithm.
For example, an algorithm that can be solved in time using the best known sequential algorithm and in a parallel computer with processors will be considered cost efficient.
Cost efficiency also has applications to human services.
References
Advanced Computer Architectures: A Design Space Approach, D. Sima, T. Fountain and P. Kacsuk, Addison-Wesley, 1997.
Parallel computing
es:análisis de coste-beneficio
sv:Kostnads-effekt-analys
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video%20Encoded%20Invisible%20Light
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Video Encoded Invisible Light (VEIL) is a technology for encoding low-bandwidth digital data bitstream in video signal, developed by VEIL Interactive Technologies. VEIL is compatible with multiple formats of video signals, including PAL, SECAM, and NTSC. The technology is based on a steganographically encoded data stream in the luminance of the videosignal.
A recent application of VEIL, the VEIL Rights Assertion Mark (VRAM or V-RAM) is a copy-restriction signal that can be used to ask devices to apply DRM technology. This has been seen as analogous to the broadcast flag. It is also known as "CGMS-A plus VEIL" and "broadcast flag on steroids."
There are two versions of VEIL on the market:
VEIL-I, or VEIL 1, has raw speed of 120 bits per second. It is used for unidirectional communication (TV→devices) with simple devices or toys, and to deliver coupons with TV advertising. It manipulates the luminance of the video signal in ways difficult to perceive to human eye.
VEIL-II, or VEIL 2, has speed of 7200-bit/s and is one of the technologies of choice for interactive television, as it allows communication with VEIL servers through devices equipped with backchannels. VEIL-II-capable set-top boxes can communicate with other devices via WiFi, Bluetooth, or other short-range wireless technologies. VEIL 2 manipulates the average luminance of the alternate lines of the signal, where one is slightly raised and the other one is slightly lowered (or vice versa), encoding a bit in every pair of lines.
The symbols (groups of 4 data bits) transmitted by VEIL-II system are encoded as "PN sequences", sequences of 16 "chips". Groups of 4 chips are encoded in pairs of lines. Each line pair is split to 4 parts, where the luminance is raised or lowered (correspondingly vice versa in the other line). In NTSC, 4-bit symbols are encoded in groups of 8 scan lines. With 224 lines per field this equals 112 bits per field, or 7200 bits per second of broadcast. VEIL-II uses scan lines 34 to 258. The PN stands for "pseudo noise" and signifies the 0.5/0.5 relative frequencies of ones and zeroes. In practice, 20 chips per line are preferred, increasing redundancy and allowing for better error detection. The PN encoding is a form of spread spectrum modulation.
Stripping the VEIL signal from the video is supposed to be more difficult than tampering with the VBI, therefore VEIL-I is proposed as a DRM tool. The signal can survive recording to video, and various sorts of digital compression. The detection devices are low-cost and can be used in a range of devices, from toys to cellphones.
Use in toys
The technology was developed for The Batman TV series, for transmitting data from the video on-screen to a line of Batman toys based on the series, supplying them with information about the series and unlocking their hidden capabilities.
For example:
The Batwave Communicator Handheld Device, when within 10 feet in the line of sight from the TV, will show engine graphics, diagnos
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open%20Platform%20Management%20Architecture
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Open Platform Management Architecture (OPMA) is an open, royalty free standard for connecting a modular, platform hardware management subsystem (an "mCard") to a computer motherboard. Platform hardware management generally refers to the remote monitoring of platform hardware variables such as fan speed, voltages, CPU and enclosure temperatures along with a wide range of other sensors. It also implies the ability to remotely control the power state of the platform and to reset the system back into an operational state should it "hang". A significant advantage of OPMA over previous generation management subsystem attachment methods is that OPMA does not consume a PCI socket. OPMA cards are also smaller and lower cost than their PCI predecessors.
The OPMA specification, which can be freely downloaded from the web, specifies a signal list, connector and pin out, power requirements, mechanical form factor, BIOS and management controller firmware interfaces, and a detailed division of management subsystem resources between the motherboard and the mCard. OPMA enables a wide variety of mCards to individually interface to a given motherboard. It also enables a single mCard to individually interface to multiple motherboard models.
OPMA is mainly targeted at server platforms where the cost of a card based management subsystem is more easily borne, but high end workstations may also leverage the specification to handle cases where remote workstation platform management is required. The OPMA interface is flexible enough to handle multiple mCard price points and capabilities ranging from basic IPMI based management to those that support KVMoIP, remote virtual media, and newer external interface standards that require a larger on-card resource footprint such as WS-Management.
OPMA supports two basic management subsystem connection paradigms. The first is where virtually the entire management subsystem resides on the mCard. Using this paradigm, the platform contains no basic management controller of any sort and relies on the presence of an OPMA card for all remote hardware management capabilities. In the second paradigm, the basic management module is soldered to the motherboard and the OPMA connector is used as an upgrade path for advanced platform management features. In this case, which is known as "upgrade kit mode", the OPMA card is able to access all sensors supported by the soldered down management controller using an SMBus link over which the Intelligent Platform Management Bus (IPMB) protocol is employed.
OPMA also leverages the Intelligent Platform Management Interface (IPMI) specification in order to provide a basic plug and play capability. Using IPMI-defined OEM command extensions, the system and the mCard exchange basic information during system boot such as mCard/motherboard make and model, specification version compliance, and optional capabilities defined by the OPMA specification.
History
OPMA was created as a joint technol
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Players%20%282002%20TV%20program%29
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Players (styled Player$ for logos) is an American television program focused on video games that aired on G4 (formerly G4techTV) starting in 2002. It was one of the launch programs for the G4 network. The main premise of the show was to interview famous celebrities and see if they played video games or not, what their favorite ones were, etc. The show was cancelled in December 2004, but still aired occasionally until January 6, 2006.
Celebrities featured included Vin Diesel, Robin Williams, Asia Carrera, David Arquette, David Hoffman, Alec Baldwin, Chris Carmack and the Barenaked Ladies.
References
2002 American television series debuts
2004 American television series endings
G4 (American TV network) original programming
American non-fiction television series
Television shows about video games
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Howard
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Sean Martin Howard is an Australian entrepreneur, founder of OzEmail, at one time Australia's largest Internet company.
In the 1980s Howard founded Australian Personal Computer, Australia's top-selling computer magazine. He also developed the Microtex 666 service that ran on the Viatel system. In 1988 he became an original investor in ISYS Search Software, one of the pioneer search engine products. In 1992 he sold his Computer Publications business, including Microtex, to Australian Consolidated Press. Howard founded the pioneering public email service Oz-E-Mail. In 1994 businessmen Malcolm Turnbull and Trevor Kennedy invested and the business was relaunched as internet service provider OzEmail. In 1996 OzEmail was listed on the Nasdaq stock exchange. In 1997 OzEmail Phone was launched and in 1998 the company was listed on the Australian Stock Exchange.
In December 1998 American telco WorldCom took a 14.9% stake in OzEmail and in March 1999 WorldCom completed the acquisition for a total of $520 million. In July 2002 WorldCom declared bankruptcy and sold the Australian ISP business to iiNet in 2005 for $110 million.
In 2000 Howard joined the board of the telco Optus as a non-executive director. He was a director of the WebCentral Group, a web and application hosting company when it was taken over by Melbourne IT in 2006.
At the 2015 Australia Day Honours, Howard was appointed an Officer of the Order of Australia for distinguished service to a range of charitable organisations, particularly youth welfare and medical research, as a major benefactor and supporter, and to business.
References
Living people
Australian company founders
Officers of the Order of Australia
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CF%20Cable%20TV
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CF Cable TV was a Canadian cable company in the 1980s and 1990s. Owned by Jean Pouliot, a businessman in Montreal, Quebec whose holdings also included CFCF-TV and the TQS television network, CF Cable TV served parts of Montreal, Laval and western suburbs on the Island of Montreal.
History
The company was established in 1982, when Pouliot acquired Cable TV Inc. from Starlaw Investments for a purchase price of $11.4 million.
The company expanded significantly in 1993, acquiring Télécâble Laurentien in the Outaouais region of Quebec and the Ottawa suburb of Clarence-Rockland in Ontario, and Northern Cable in Northern Ontario. The deals made CF Cable TV the fifth-largest cable operator in Canada. Both Laurentien and Northern continued to operate as separate divisions of the company rather than being folded into the CF Cable TV branding.
In 1997, Pouliot sold CF Cable TV's parent company, CFCF Inc., to Vidéotron. Videotron sold the Northern Cable division to Regional Cablesystems in 1998, but still retained ownership of the Montreal and Outaouais divisions.
References
Defunct cable and DBS companies of Canada
Telecommunications companies established in 1982
Mass media companies established in 1982
Mass media companies disestablished in 1997
1982 establishments in Quebec
1997 disestablishments in Quebec
Companies based in Montreal
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wedge%20%28Australian%20TV%20series%29
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The Wedge was an Australian sketch show created by Ian McFadyen and produced by Cornerbox for Network Ten. The show stars Dailan Evans, from the ABC sketch show Eagle & Evans; Adam Zwar, best known for his roles in Wilfred, Rebel Wilson, who at the time was best known as 'Toula' on the comedy show Pizza; Jason Gann, two-time winner of best actor at Tropfest for his roles in Wilfred, as well as regulars Kate Jenkinson, Anthony Ahern, Katrina Mathers, Julie Eckersley and Ross Daniels. Marney McQueen, Aidan Fennessy and Cori Hooper were also regulars in Series 1, and Damian Callinan and Cal Wilson were regulars in Series 2.
It ran for two seasons, airing 2006 and 2007. A spin-off mockumentary of one of the show's characters, Mark Wary, was produced by Network Ten in 2008. The show, titled Mark Loves Sharon premiered at 9:30pm on 30 June 2008.
History and premise
The program was first advertised by Network Ten in December 2005, with promos depicting Wedgedale, a stereotypical Australian urban sprawl suburb. The show’s pilot debuted on Network Ten on 30 May 2006. It is a sketch based format similar to Fast Forward or The Comedy Company. The difference is that nearly all the sketches take place in the same town, so the transition from sketch to sketch often involves a reference to the previous one. Most transitions involve a timelapse shot that takes the audience from one location to another, but sometimes the reference is more direct and seamless. This is used so often, that a sketch based on it was made. In one episode, the character, Sandra Sultry said "Next up, I'll turn my head to the TV behind me; it's a clever transitional device which will put you through to the next item..."The first season finale was broadcast on 21 November 2006. "Sounds Funny" is the show's theme. Hunter Kaine was recommended as the singer by a production team member's friend.
A second series was commissioned by Network Ten; production began in September, and was filmed in South Melbourne. The second season's status was updated by a news bulletin posted on its official website, which was advertising for a live taping with an audience. The second season was broadcast on Network Ten in 2007.
The second season was first hinted on Network Ten in 2007 promoting a Mother Energy drink, featuring the character, Sandra Sultry (played by Katrina Mathers) and unknown voice actor as a frog. Along the bottom of the screen scrolled a web address for the Mother energy drink.
The official website was relaunched with new information on the second series on 10 August.
The second season began on 12 August 2007, with two episodes screened back to back with the new rating of 'M' at 9:40 PM. However, from 19 August onwards, the timeslot was inconsistent from week to week. The season took a break for almost a month and was continued at the later time of 10.25 PM on 16 September with a single episode airing. It was dropped from the timeslot was once again due to the Rugby World Cup. Despi
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport%20in%20Cairo
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Transport in Cairo comprises an extensive road network, rail system, subway system and maritime services for the more than 15.2 million inhabitants of the city. Cairo is the hub of almost the entire Egyptian transport network.
Transport today
Road system
An extensive road network connects Cairo with other Egyptian cities and villages. There is a ring road that surrounds the outskirts of the city, with exits that reach to almost every Cairo district. There are flyovers and bridges such as the Sixth of October Bridge, designed to allow fast and efficient means of transport from one side of the city to the other; in practice, however, Cairo traffic is known to be overwhelming and overcrowded, with traffic jams frequently increasing travel time far beyond the theoretical speed.
During the period between 2014 and 2020, many roads were expanded and upgraded, such as the El Moshir Tantawy Axis which connects New Cairo to other neighborhoods in Eastern and Central Cairo, and the Cairo-Suez Road which connects Cairo to El Rehab, Madinaty, El Shorouk, Badr and the New Administrative Capital. The ring road is also undergoing an expansion as of September 2020, which aims to increase the number of lanes to seven or eight, instead of three or four.
Many neighborhoods in Cairo have unplanned buildings, which resulted in an increasing population density in these areas, so neighborhoods such as Heliopolis and Nasr City had congested streets almost daily and at all times. In late 2019, the government decided to tackle this problem by constructing a large number of overpasses inside these neighborhoods in order to remove intersections and u-turns that resulted in congestion, more than 8 overpasses were constructed in Heliopolis, and over 12 overpasses were built in Nasr City, with Mostafa El Nahas Street alone (a major axis in Nasr City) having four of them. These structures did fulfill their intended purpose, which was to eliminate traffic congestion in these areas, but they received criticism due to many reasons, one of which was the removal of many green spaces in Heliopolis, and the danger they posed for pedestrians crossing the streets (also known as jaywalking).
Bus system
There are two types of buses in Cairo, those run by the Cairo Transport Authority, and those run by private companies, with the latter using smaller minibuses. Bus lines are spread all over the Greater Cairo area, and are considered the main mean of transport for many Cairenes. The tickets for the CTA buses cost anywhere from to , depending on the type of bus itself, and whether it's air conditioned or not, while tickets for buses run by private companies cost . The ticket costs were considerably lower, but due to the devaluation of the Egyptian pound back in 2016, and the government's decision to gradually remove subsidies (which affected gas prices), the prices were increased. In recent years, other bus services such as Uber Bus, Careem bus and Swvl increased in popularity.
Air
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiji%20Television
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Fiji Television Limited is one of Fiji's main television network. It was founded on 15 June 1994 as the first permanent commercial television broadcasting network in the country, although television had previously been introduced temporarily in October 1991 to broadcast the Rugby World Cup as well as Cricket World Cup. This was reviewed and reissued in 2000 for a term of 12 years. Fiji TV was listed as a public company in 1996 on the Suva Stock Exchange, now known as the South Pacific Stock Exchange.
Fiji TV owns Fiji's premier free-to-view channel (FTA) Fiji One, and formerly the pay TV service, Sky Pacific, which was acquired by Digicel in 2016. Fiji TV also owned subsidiary company Media Niugini Limited, which operates Papua New Guinea's only commercial free-to-view channel, EM TV, but later sold it off to the Papua New Guinea Government-owned Telikom PNG Limited in 2016.
Fiji TV's main shareholders are Fijian Holding Limited (FHL) Media Limited, Hari Punja and Sons Limited, FHL Trustees Limited, FHL Holdings Unit Trust, ITaukei Affairs Board, Capital Insurance Limited, and Fiji National Provident Fund.
Following the passage of the Media Industry Development Decree 2010 by the military regime, Hari Punja resigned from the board of Fiji Television.
References
External links
Fiji TV Online
EMTV Online
SKY Pacific
Television stations in Fiji
Television channels and stations established in 1994
1994 establishments in Fiji
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLACC
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FLACC is an implementation of the ALGOL 68 programming language.
Chris Thomson and Colin Broughton founded Chion Corporation which developed and marketed FLACC (Full Language Algol 68 Checkout Compiler). This compiler and run-time system conformed exactly to the Revised Report, ran on IBM 370 and compatible mainframes, and included debugging features derived from WATFIV. It was released in 1977.
Chris was a student of Barry J. Mailloux. Barry studied at Amsterdam's Mathematisch Centrum from 1966 under Adriaan van Wijngaarden. Barry's work on the Algol 68 language established the University of Alberta as a center for Algol 68-related activity.
According to Thomson decade later:
You know, we only ever got 22 copies installed, and less than 5 of those in North America. Even though it ran on 370's under MVS, CMS and MTS, and was cheap and reliable. Talk about a marketing disaster.
References
External links
Barry J. Mailloux @ Everything.com
Scanned documentation at softwarepreservation.org
Christopher Mark Thomson. The Run-Time structure of an ALGOL 68 Student Checkout Compiler. Master's thesis, Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, 1976.
FLACC User Guide. FLACC Version 1.6, November 1981, Chion Corporation, 1981.
Procedural programming languages
Systems programming languages
ALGOL 68 implementation
Programming languages created in 1977
IBM mainframe software
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backup%20rotation%20scheme
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A backup rotation scheme is a system of backing up data to computer media (such as tapes) that minimizes, by re-use, the number of media used. The scheme determines how and when each piece of removable storage is used for a backup job and how long it is retained once it has backup data stored on it. Different techniques have evolved over time to balance data retention and restoration needs with the cost of extra data storage media. Such a scheme can be quite complicated if it takes incremental backups, multiple retention periods, and off-site storage into consideration.
Schemes
First in, first out
A first in, first out (FIFO) backup scheme saves new or modified files onto the "oldest" media in the set, i.e. the media that contain the oldest and thus least useful previously backed up data. Performing a daily backup onto a set of 14 media, the backup depth would be 14 days. Each day, the oldest media would be inserted when performing the backup. This is the simplest rotation scheme and is usually the first to come to mind.
This scheme has the advantage that it retains the longest possible tail of daily backups. It can be used when archived data is unimportant (or is retained separately from the short-term backup data) and data before the rotation period is irrelevant.
However, this scheme suffers from the possibility of data loss: suppose, an error is introduced into the data, but the problem is not identified until several generations of backups and revisions have taken place. Thus when the error is detected, all the backup files contain the error. It would then be useful to have at least one older version of the data, as it would not have the error.
Grandfather-father-son
Grandfather-father-son backup (GFS) is a common rotation scheme for backup media, in which there are three or more backup cycles, such as daily, weekly and monthly. The daily backups are rotated on a 3-months basis using a FIFO system as above. The weekly backups are similarly rotated on a bi-yearly basis, and the monthly backup on a yearly basis. In addition, quarterly, half-yearly, and/or annual backups could also be separately retained. Often some of these backups are removed from the site for safekeeping and disaster recovery purposes.
Tower of Hanoi
The Tower of Hanoi rotation method is more complex. It is based on the mathematics of the Tower of Hanoi puzzle, using a recursive method to optimize the back-up cycle. Every tape corresponds to a disk in the puzzle, and every disk movement to a different peg corresponds with a backup to that tape. So the first tape is used every other day (1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ...), the second tape is used every fourth day (2, 6, 10, ...), the third tape is used every eighth day (4, 12, 20, ...).
A set of n tapes (or other media) will allow backups for 2n−1 days before the last set is recycled. So, 3 tapes will give 4 days' worth of backups, and on the 4th day Set C will be overwritten; 4 tapes will give 8 days, and Set D is overwritten
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector%20graphics%20%28disambiguation%29
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Vector graphics are a form of computer graphics.
Vector graphic may also refer to:
Vector Graphic, a computer company
Vektor Grafix, UK based computer game development company
See also
Raster graphics
Vector (disambiguation)
Vectorization (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Street%20Fighter%20II%20%28manga%29
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, simply titled Street Fighter II in its English editions, is a manga series written and drawn by Masaomi Kanzaki that was serialized in the monthly Family Computer Magazine in 1993 and 1994. It is based on the fighting game of the same name and its subsequent iterations. The manga was produced prior to the release of Super Street Fighter II and only features the original twelve "World Warriors".
While far from being the only Street Fighter manga, it was one of the earliest and the first of few that was translated in English. It is notable for featuring the first illustrated appearance of Ryu and Ken's sensei, Gouken.
Plot summary
Ryu and Ken have begun training with the reluctant and mysterious legend Gouken. One night, Ken's friend Cho appears at the dojo in a panic, revealing that he has learned of M. Bison's organization, Shadaloo, and its current agenda—vicious human experiments revolving around a drug called Doll which effectively brainwashes people, usually for acts of violence. Cho has been followed and falls victim to an attack by Bison and two of his lords of Shadaloo, Vega and Sagat. Naturally, a fight ensues, during which the groups of combatants become separated. After making his way back to the dojo, Ryu finds that Gouken has been left for dead by Bison, and hears his master's final words. Assuming the missing Ken to be dead also, Ryu becomes a lonesome vagabond.
Years later, Doll has had an effect on the lives of a soldier named Guile and an Interpol officer named Chun-Li who have arrived on Shad and entered its martial-arts tournament in respective efforts to investigate Shadaloo and reach Bison, who has become the tournament's champion. Ryu, now a more capable fighter, has also emerged on Shad and entered the tournament, while befriending Cho's old girlfriend Po-Lin and her little brother Wong-Mei, who have been recently orphaned and manage their family's Chinese restaurant.
As the fighting progresses over the course of a few days, Ryu, Guile, and Chun-Li advance, facing opponents such as Blanka, E. Honda, Dhalsim, and Zangief some of whom have personal goals of their own. Ryu and Chun-Li form a loose affinity, and following a moment in which Chun-Li suddenly comes across Po-Lin with Ryu and appears jealous, Ryu sees a picture in the paper of an upcoming participant in the tournament and from there realizes that Ken is indeed alive. At the tournament, Chun-Li and Guile begin losing to Vega and Sagat, with Guile still not fully recovered from his match with Zangief, and Chun-Li partly hindered by rage. During the battles, an emotionally conflicted Ken starts to snap out of Doll's influence. Eventually, a weary Chun-Li begins to recall the advice she's received from her father and Ryu respectively, regains control of herself, and surprises Vega with a powerful Kikoken a moment before he can land the finishing strike.
Guile, meanwhile, is still faring poorly against Sagat, before being saved by intervention from none other than
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20Hot%20100%20number%20ones%20of%202006
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The Billboard Hot 100 is a chart that ranks the best-performing singles of the United States. Published by Billboard magazine, the data are compiled by Nielsen SoundScan based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales, and airplay. In 2006, 18 singles reached the top of the chart, the most number-ones in a chart year since 1991. A 19th single, Mariah Carey's "Don't Forget About Us", started its run at number one in 2005.
In 2006, 20 acts achieved their first U.S. number-one single, either as a lead artist or featured guest, including D4L, Paul Wall, Ali & Gipp, Slim Thug, James Blunt, Ne-Yo, Daniel Powter, Rihanna, Chamillionaire, Shakira, Wyclef Jean, Taylor Hicks, Nelly Furtado, Timbaland, Fergie, T.I., and Akon. Krayzie Bone and Justin Timberlake, despite having hit number one with Bone Thugs-n-Harmony and NSYNC respectively, earns their first number one songs as solo acts. Justin Timberlake and Beyoncé each had two number-one singles in this year. During the year, eight collaboration singles topped the chart, breaking the record set in 2003 and 2004, both of which had seven.
Beyoncé's "Irreplaceable" is the longest-running single of 2006, beginning its run atop the chart for 10 consecutive weeks in late December to late February 2007. "Irreplaceable" became the 20th single to score at least 10 weeks at number one since the era of longer-running singles began in 1992. Other singles with extended chart runs include Timberlake's "SexyBack", which stayed at number one for seven straight weeks, and Nelly Furtado's "Promiscuous" for six weeks. Knowles' "Check on It" and pop singer Daniel Powter's "Bad Day" both topped the chart for five weeks.
Powter's "Bad Day" is the best-performing single this year, topping the Billboard Top Hot 100 Hits of 2006. "Hips Don't Lie" gave Shakira a number-one single credit, her first since she began her recording career in 1996. The feat made her the first Colombian recording artist to have topped the Billboard Hot 100. In 2006, Powter and Furtado were the only Canadian recording acts to have reached the summit of the chart.
Chart history
Number-one artists
See also
2006 in music
List of Billboard number-one singles
Top Hot 100 Hits of 2006
Notes
[a] Longer-running singles refer to number-one singles that spent at least 10, either consecutive or non-consecutive, weeks atop the Billboard Hot 100.
References
Additional sources
Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition ()
Joel Whitburn's Top Pop Singles 1955-2008, 12 Edition ()
Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The 2000s ()
Additional information obtained can be verified within Billboard's online archive services and print editions of the magazine.
United States Hot 100
2006
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachial
|
Brachial means "pertaining to the arm", and may refer to:
Brachial artery, in anatomy
Brachial fascia
Brachial lymph nodes
Brachial veins
Brachial plexus, a network of nerves
Brachial valve, the upper valve in Brachiopods
Brachialis muscle
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20Object%20System
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The Virtual Object System (VOS) is a computer software technology for creating distributed object systems. The sites hosting Vobjects are typically linked by a computer network, such as a local area network or the Internet. Vobjects may send messages to other Vobjects over these network links (remotely) or within the same host site (locally) to perform actions and synchronize state. In this way, VOS may also be called an object-oriented remote procedure call system. In addition, Vobjects may have a number of directed relations to other Vobjects, which allows them to form directed graph data structures.
VOS is patent free, and its implementation is Free Software. The primary application focus of VOS is general purpose, multiuser, collaborative 3D virtual environments or virtual reality. The primary designer and author of VOS is Peter Amstutz.
External links
Interreality.org official site
Groupware
Distributed computing architecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To%20Outrun%20Doomsday
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To Outrun Doomsday is a science fiction novel by English writer Kenneth Bulmer. It was first published in 1967.
Plot summary
The novel concerns "Lucky" Jack Waley, a computer salesman and conman unfortunate enough to be aboard the starship Bucentaure when the engine blows. He crashlands on the planet Kerim, a planet where anything you ask for from the mysterious Pe'Ichen is instantly manufactured before your eyes. Anything trivial. No food, no houses. And for the current generation, no children.
Jack connects up with a variety of rogues to try to save the day, only to discover that Pe'Ichen is an ancient computer with miraculous powers, designed to keep order in the lives of the Kerimites, providing them with their every need. Pe'Ichen, however, has determined that a) the sun will explode in 56 years, and b) that there is no such thing as life on other planets.
References
1967 British novels
1967 science fiction novels
British science fiction novels
Novels by Kenneth Bulmer
Ace Books books
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christos%20Papadimitriou
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Christos Charilaos Papadimitriou (; born August 16, 1949) is a Greek theoretical computer scientist and the Donovan Family Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University.
Education
Papadimitriou studied at the National Technical University of Athens, where in 1972 he received his Bachelor of Arts degree in electrical engineering. He then pursued graduate studies at Princeton University, where he received his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science in 1976 after completing a doctoral dissertation titled "The complexity of combinatorial optimization problems."
Career
Papadimitriou has taught at Harvard, MIT, the National Technical University of Athens, Stanford, UCSD, University of California, Berkeley and is currently the Donovan Family Professor of Computer Science at Columbia University.
Papadimitriou co-authored a paper on pancake sorting with Bill Gates, then a Harvard undergraduate. Papadimitriou recalled "Two years later, I called to tell him our paper had been accepted to a fine math journal. He sounded eminently disinterested. He had moved to Albuquerque, New Mexico to run a small company writing code for microprocessors, of all things. I remember thinking: 'Such a brilliant kid. What a waste.'" The company was Microsoft.
Papadimitriou co-authored "The Complexity of Computing a Nash Equilibrium" with his students Constantinos Daskalakis and Paul W. Goldberg, for which they received the 2008 Kalai Game Theory and Computer Science Prize from the Game Theory Society for "the best paper at the interface of game theory and computer science", in particular "for its key conceptual and technical contributions"; and the Outstanding Paper Prize from the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
In 2001, Papadimitriou was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery and in 2002 he was awarded the Knuth Prize. Also in 2002, he became a member of the U.S. National Academy of Engineering for contributions to complexity theory, database theory, and combinatorial optimization. In 2009 he was elected to the US National Academy of Sciences. During the 36th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming (ICALP 2009), there was a special event honoring Papadimitriou's contributions to computer science. In 2012, he, along with Elias Koutsoupias, was awarded the Gödel Prize for their joint work on the concept of the price of anarchy.
Papadimitriou is the author of the textbook Computational Complexity, one of the most widely used textbooks in the field of computational complexity theory. He has also co-authored the textbook Algorithms (2008) with Sanjoy Dasgupta and Umesh Vazirani, and the graphic novel Logicomix (2009) with Apostolos Doxiadis.
His name was listed in the 19th position on the CiteSeer search engine academic database and digital library.
Honors and awards
In 1997, Papadimitriou received a doctorate honoris causa from the ETH Zurich.
In 2011, Papadimitriou received a doctorate h
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PQI
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PQI may refer to:
Presque Isle International Airport, IATA airport code
Print Quality Improvement, data exchange format of Advanced Photo System
Predictive Quantities Indicator, used for College and university rankings
Pittsburgh Quantum Institute
See also
PQ1 (disambiguation)
PQL (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequential%20analysis
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In statistics, sequential analysis or sequential hypothesis testing is statistical analysis where the sample size is not fixed in advance. Instead data are evaluated as they are collected, and further sampling is stopped in accordance with a pre-defined stopping rule as soon as significant results are observed. Thus a conclusion may sometimes be reached at a much earlier stage than would be possible with more classical hypothesis testing or estimation, at consequently lower financial and/or human cost.
History
The method of sequential analysis is first attributed to Abraham Wald with Jacob Wolfowitz, W. Allen Wallis, and Milton Friedman while at Columbia University's Statistical Research Group as a tool for more efficient industrial quality control during World War II. Its value to the war effort was immediately recognised, and led to its receiving a "restricted" classification. At the same time, George Barnard led a group working on optimal stopping in Great Britain. Another early contribution to the method was made by K.J. Arrow with D. Blackwell and M.A. Girshick.
A similar approach was independently developed from first principles at about the same time by Alan Turing, as part of the Banburismus technique used at Bletchley Park, to test hypotheses about whether different messages coded by German Enigma machines should be connected and analysed together. This work remained secret until the early 1980s.
Peter Armitage introduced the use of sequential analysis in medical research, especially in the area of clinical trials. Sequential methods became increasingly popular in medicine following Stuart Pocock's work that provided clear recommendations on how to control Type 1 error rates in sequential designs.
Alpha spending functions
When researchers repeatedly analyze data as more observations are added, the probability of a Type 1 error increases. Therefore, it is important to adjust the alpha level at each interim analysis, such that the overall Type 1 error rate remains at the desired level. This is conceptually similar to using the Bonferroni correction, but because the repeated looks at the data are dependent, more efficient corrections for the alpha level can be used. Among the earliest proposals is the Pocock boundary. Alternative ways to control the Type 1 error rate exist, such as the Haybittle-Peto bounds, and additional work on determining the boundaries for interim analyses has been done by O’Brien & Fleming and Wang & Tsiatis.
A limitation of corrections such as the Pocock boundary is that the number of looks at the data must be determined before the data is collected, and that the looks at the data should be equally spaced (e.g., after 50, 100, 150, and 200 patients). The alpha spending function approach developed by Demets & Lan does not have these restrictions, and depending on the parameters chosen for the spending function, can be very similar to Pocock boundaries or the corrections proposed by O'Brien and Fleming.
Ap
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBN%20LISP
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BBN LISP (also stylized BBN-Lisp) was a dialect of the Lisp programming language by Bolt, Beranek and Newman Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It was based on L. Peter Deutsch's implementation of Lisp for the PDP-1 (called Basic PDP-1 LISP), which was developed from 1960 to 1964. Over time the language was expanded until it became its own separate dialect in 1966.
BBN LISP is most notable for being the predecessor of Interlisp.
Sources
External links
Manual
Lisp programming language family
Lisp (programming language)
Dynamically typed programming languages
Functional languages
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20network
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A home network or home area network (HAN) is a type of computer network that facilitates communication among devices within the close vicinity of a home. Devices capable of participating in this network, for example, smart devices such as network printers and handheld mobile computers, often gain enhanced emergent capabilities through their ability to interact. These additional capabilities can be used to increase the quality of life inside the home in a variety of ways, such as automation of repetitive tasks, increased personal productivity, enhanced home security, and easier access to entertainment.
Origin
IPv4 address exhaustion has forced most Internet service providers to grant only a single WAN-facing IP address for each residential account. Multiple devices within a residence or small office are provisioned with internet access by establishing a local area network (LAN) for the local devices with IP addresses reservied for private networks. A network router is configured with the provider's IP address on the WAN interface, which is shared among all devices in the LAN by network address translation.
Infrastructure devices
Certain devices on a home network are primarily concerned with enabling or supporting the communications of the kinds of end devices home-dwellers more directly interact with. Unlike their data center counterparts, these "networking" devices are compact and passively cooled, aiming to be as hands-off and non-obtrusive as possible:
A gateway establishes physical and data link layer connectivity to a WAN over a service provider's native telecommunications infrastructure. Such devices typically contain a cable, DSL, or optical modem bound to a network interface controller for Ethernet. Routers are often incorporated into these devices for additional convenience.
A router establishes network layer connectivity between a WAN and the home network. It also performs the key function of network address translation that allows independently addressed devices within the same home network to establish transport layer connections across the WAN from a single, outward-facing WAN IP address. These devices often come with an integrated wireless access point and 4-port Ethernet switch.
A network switch is used to allow devices on the home network to talk to one another via Ethernet. While the needs of most home networks are satisfied with the built-in wireless and/or switching capabilities of their router, some situations require the addition of a separate switch with advanced capabilities. For example:
A typical home router has 4 to 6 Ethernet LAN ports, so a router's switching capacity could be exceeded.
A network device might require a non-standard port feature such as power over Ethernet (PoE). (IP cameras and IP phones)
A wireless access point is required for connecting wireless devices to a network. When a router includes this device, it is referred to as a wireless router.
A home automation or smart home controller acts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduced%20gradient%20bubble%20model
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The reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) is an algorithm developed by Bruce Wienke for calculating decompression stops needed for a particular dive profile. It is related to the Varying Permeability Model. but is conceptually different in that it rejects the gel-bubble model of the varying permeability model.
It is used in several dive computers, particularly those made by Suunto, Aqwary, Mares, HydroSpace Engineering, and Underwater Technologies Center. It is characterised by the following assumptions: blood flow (perfusion) provides a limit for tissue gas penetration by diffusion; an exponential distribution of sizes of bubble seeds is always present, with many more small seeds than large ones; bubbles are permeable to gas transfer across surface boundaries under all pressures; the haldanean tissue compartments range in half time from 1 to 720 minutes, depending on gas mixture.
Some manufacturers such as Suunto have devised approximations of Wienke's model. Suunto uses a modified haldanean nine-compartment model with the assumption of reduced off-gassing caused by bubbles. This implementation offers both a depth ceiling and a depth floor for the decompression stops. The former maximises tissue off-gassing and the latter minimises bubble growth. The model has been correlated and validated in a number of published articles using collected dive profile data.
Description
The model is based on the assumption that phase separation during decompression is random, yet highly probable, in body tissue, and that a bubble will continue to grow by acquiring gas from adjacent saturated tissue, at a rate depending on the local free/dissolved concentration gradient. Gas exchange mechanisms are fairly well understood in comparison with nucleation and stabilization mechanisms, which are computationally uncertainly defined. Nevertheless there is an opinion among some decompression researchers that the existing practices and studies on bubbles and nuclei provide useful information on bubble growth and elimination processes and the time scales involved. Wienke considers that the consistency between these practices and the underlying physical principles suggest directions for decompression modelling for algorithms beyond parameter fitting and extrapolation. He considers that the RGBM implements the theoretical model in these aspects and also supports the efficacy of recently developed safe diving practice due to its dual phase mechanics. These include:
reduced no-stop time limits;
safety stops in the 10-20 fsw depth zone;
ascent rates not exceeding 30 fsw per minute;
restricted repetitive exposures, particularly beyond 100 fsw,
restricted reverse profile and deep spike diving;
restricted multi day activity;
smooth coalescence of bounce and saturation limit points;
consistent diving protocols for altitude;
deep stops for decompression, extended range, and mixed gas diving with overall shorter decompression times, particularly in the shallow zone;
us
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WTVQ-DT
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WTVQ-DT (channel 36) is a television station in Lexington, Kentucky, United States, affiliated with ABC and MyNetworkTV. Owned by Morris Multimedia, the station maintains studios and transmitter facilities on the outer loop of Man o' War Boulevard (KY 1425) in the Brighton section of Fayette County, across Winchester Road from the studios of unrelated station WKYT-TV.
The station began broadcasting on channel 62 as WBLG-TV in 1968 and has been an ABC affiliate for its entire history. It changed its call letters to WTVQ in 1973 and moved to channel 36 in 1980. With the exception of most of the 1990s, the station's local newscasts have generally rated third out of the four main TV newsrooms in Lexington.
History
WBLG-TV
Construction
On October 8, 1965, WBLG-TV, Inc. filed an application with the Federal Communications Commission to build a new television station on channel 62, the last commercial frequency available in the Lexington market. WBLG-TV, Inc. was a 50-50 partnership between Lexington-area businessman Roy White and Reeves Broadcasting Corporation. White already owned local radio station WBLG (1300 AM) and would act as the entity's new president and general manager. Reeves chairman J. Drayton Hastie served as the chairman of WBLG-TV, Inc. Reeves owned existing television stations in Huntington, West Virginia, and Charleston, South Carolina, as well as radio stations in Baltimore. The owners estimated the cost of constructing the station would be in excess of $1 million, and the station would be equipped to broadcast in color from the start.
On June 24, 1966, WBLG-TV's application was designated for hearing alongside a competing application from Kentucky Central Life Insurance Company (owners of WVLK radio). However, on January 27, 1967, Kentucky Central Life announced that it would purchase existing station WKYT-TV (channel 27) from Taft Broadcasting for $2.5 million, signaling its exit from the channel 62 hearing. With no other applicants for the channel 62 allocation, the FCC granted initial approval of the station's application on July 28, 1967.
Meanwhile, the WBLG-TV partnership acquired land at the intersection of Winchester Pike and Bryant Road (now Man o' War Boulevard), which would serve as the new studio and transmitting facilities for the station. As the area surrounding the proposed site was primarily agricultural in nature, having previously been used as a farm, the land needed to be rezoned before construction could begin. Approval for the rezoning came on November 10, 1967, despite objection from two local residents who lived near the proposed location. Central to their complaints was the proposed tower, which they felt was "unsightly"; they were also concerned that the tower might fall. Approval was granted on the condition that the entrance/exit to the station be on Bryant Road only and that screening devices be provided between the station and adjacent residences. The building permit for the actual building then c
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Kent
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William James Kent (born February 10, 1960) is an American research scientist and computer programmer. He has been a contributor to genome database projects and the 2003 winner of the Benjamin Franklin Award.
Early life
Kent was born in Hawaii and grew up in San Francisco, California, United States.
Computer animation
Kent began his programming career in 1983 with Island Graphics Inc. where he wrote the Aegis Animator program for the Amiga home computer. This program combined polygon tweening in 3D with simple 2D cel-based animation. In 1985 he founded and ran a software company, Dancing Flame, which adapted the Aegis Animator to the Atari ST, and created Cyber Paint for that machine. Cyber Paint was a 2D animation program that brought together a wide variety of animation and paint functionality and the delta-compressed animation format developed for CAD-3D. The user could move freely between animation frames and paint arbitrarily, or utilize various animation tools for automatic tweening movement across frames. Cyber Paint was one of the first, if not the first, consumer program that enabled the user to paint across time in a compressed digital video format. Later he developed a similar program, the Autodesk Animator for PC compatibles, where the image compression improved to the point it could play off of hard disk, and one could paint using "inks" that performed algorithmic transformations such as smoothing, transparency, and tiled patterns. The Autodesk Animator was used to create artwork for a wide variety of video games.
Involvement with the Human Genome Project
In 2000, he wrote a program, GigAssembler, that allowed the publicly funded Human Genome Project to assemble and publish the first human genome sequence. His efforts were motivated by the research needs of himself and his colleagues, but also out of concern that the data might be made proprietary via patents by Celera Genomics. In their close race with Celera, Kent and the UCSC Professor David Haussler quickly built a modest cluster of 50 commodity personal computers running a Linux-based operating system to run the software. In contrast, Celera was using what was thought then to be one of the most powerful civilian supercomputers in the world. Kent's first assembly on the human genome was released on June 22. Celera finished its assembly three days later on June 25, and the dual results were announced at the White House on June 26. On July 7, 2000, the Santa Cruz data was made publicly available on the World Wide Web while the research paper describing this publicly funded genome was published in February 2001 special issue of Nature, in parallel with Celera's results in the journal Science. In 2002 Tim O'Reilly described Kent's work as "the most significant work of open source development in the past year". While all of Kent's genomics software is open source in the sense that the source code can be downloaded and read for free, and all of the software can be freely used
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20Cadena%20Nacional
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Radio Cadena Nacional may refer to:
RCN Radio, a Colombian radio network
RCN TV, a Colombian television network
See also
Cadena nacional, a national network in several Latin American countries
RCN (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCN%20Televisi%C3%B3n
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RCN Televisión, branded as Canal RCN (Radio Cadena Nacional) is a Colombian free-to-air television network. It is a Colombian open television channel, belonging to the Ardila Lülle Organization. It was founded as a television content production company on March 23, 1967, and found its broadcasts as an independent channel on July 10, 1998. Its main shareholder is Carlos Ardila Lülle. It produced Yo soy Betty, la fea, one of the most successful Colombian telenovelas.
History
RCN Television was created as a television arm of the RCN Radio network. In 1967 RCN Radio took part in the bidding for spaces in the official television network, getting one hour a day which was split into two series: one made in Colombia named El Hogar (The Home) and the American television series Bewitched. In 1973 RCN Radio and its subsidiary RCN Television were purchased by Carlos Ardila Lülle, who three years later relaunched RCN as a television production company (or programadora) with several spaces into the official channels' schedule. RCN was the first company that broadcast a television program both live and in color, the 1980 Miss Colombia beauty contest; since that year RCN has held the rights to broadcast this event.
The 1980s
RCN produced television series with high remembrance among viewers like Cusumbo and El Taita in 1984, which was the first Colombian telenovela filmed in exterior locations. In August 1988, RCN became part of OTI Colombia, gaining the rights to broadcast the Olympic Games and the FIFA World Cup. Other members included Caracol, RTI, Producciones PUNCH, Producciones JES and Datos y Mensajes.
The 1990s
Along with Caracol TV and R.T.I. RCN became one of the major television production companies in Colombia, producing not only telenovelas and game shows, but also sports events and news. Nevertheless, the telenovelas gave to RCN an outstanding recognition, first in Latin America and in places as distant as Vietnam and Hungary. Among this productions were La Potra Zaina, Las Juanas and the international hit Café, con aroma de mujer, which not only have been broadcast in several countries across the globe but have been remade several times, with Destilando Amor being the newest version. Within the telenovelas they produced in the 1990s, there were productions like La Otra Raya del Tigre, La Vorágine, La Casa de las dos Palmas, Azucar, Momposina and Hombres, all of them raising parts of the Colombian culture and showing it to the world.
Terrestrial TV Channel
1990s
On July 10, 1998, RCN went on the air as an independent signal with disastrous results compared to Caracol Televisión, a situation that stabilized when Carlos Ardila Lülle took over the direction of the channel.
Its first broadcast of the channel began at 9:00 pm with the first broadcast of RCN News.
The first telenovela that the channel RCN Televisión premiered was La madre in 1998, starring Margarita Rosa de Francisco and Héctor de Malba and directed by Pepe Sánchez.
2000s
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1000
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A1000 may refer to:
Amiga 1000, a personal computer manufactured by Commodore International
A1000 road, a main road in the United Kingdom
Sony NW-A1000, a Walkman digital audio player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2000
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A2000 may refer to:
A2000 road, a road in Great Britain connecting Crayford and Slade Green
Amiga 2000, a computer released in 1986
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A3000
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A3000 may refer to:
A3000 road (Great Britain), a road connecting Turnham Green and Chiswick
Acorn Archimedes 3000, a 1989 computer
Commodore Amiga 3000, a 1990 computer
Shizuoka Railway A3000 series EMU train
Sony NW-A3000, a Walkman digital audio player
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A600
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A600 may refer to:
Amiga 600, home computer released in 1992
A600, the contact rating of smaller NEMA contactors and relays
RotorWay A600 Talon, an American Helicopter design
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A4000
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A4000 may refer to:
Yamaha A4000, a Yamaha sampler
Acorn Archimedes 4000, a 1992 computer
Adelaide Metro A-City 4000 Class
Amiga 4000, a 1992 Commodore computer
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOGNet
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U.S. Army Logistics Network (LOGNet) a Community of Practice (CoP) for logisticians maintained by the Combined Arms Support Command, Fort Lee, Virginia.
LOGNet is a U.S. Army-wide Logistics Network and enterprise level knowledge system that supports knowledge flow throughout the logistics community. LOGNet is part of the Battle Command Knowledge System (BCKS) program.
The LOGNet Community of Practice promotes and enhances collaboration, communication and knowledge sharing among logisticians and combat troops. LOGNet is a networked system of Structured Professional Forums, knowledge centers and supporting toolkits that combine to provide an enterprise system for generation, management and application of knowledge products.
LOGNet's ultimate goal is to transform the Army Logistics Community into a learning and teaching organization more highly skilled in the practice of providing superior Combat Service Support to the Army.
Military logistics of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A1500
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A1500 may refer to:
Amiga 1500 computer
A1500 road, a road in England
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connecticut%20Public%20Television
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Connecticut Public Television (CPTV) is the PBS member network for the U.S. state of Connecticut. It is owned by Connecticut Public Broadcasting, a community-based non-profit organization that holds the licenses for all PBS member stations licensed in the state, and also owns the state's NPR member, Connecticut Public Radio (WNPR). Together, the television and radio stations make up the Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network (CPBN). CPBN is the state's only locally owned media organization producing TV, radio, print and Internet content for distribution across the state. As of 2019, Mark Contreras was announced as the new President / CEO. The organizational structure of CPTV also includes a Board of Trustees. The network co-produced the long-running children's television series, Barney & Friends until the show (alongside other HIT Entertainment programs) were transferred to WNET.
History
The network's first station, WEDH in Hartford, signed on with a black and white signal in 1962, operating from a Trinity College library basement. It was the fourth educational television station in New England, following WGBH-TV in Boston, WENH-TV in Durham, New Hampshire (now part of New Hampshire Public Television), and WCBB in Augusta, Maine (now part of the Maine Public Broadcasting Network). Originally a member of National Educational Television (NET), it joined PBS upon its launch on October 4, 1970. Originally known as Connecticut Educational Television, it became Connecticut Public Television in 1967.
CPTV remained based in rented space at Trinity College until selling its headquarters back to the school for $10 million in 2002. In 2004, CPTV moved to a facility in the Asylum Hill neighborhood of Hartford. The infrastructure of CPTV was eventually upgraded through a partnership with Sony Systems Integration Center (SIC), which enabled the delivery of HD quality telecommunications to subscribers.
In late 2019, CPTV requested to have WEDW's city of license changed from Bridgeport to Stamford.
Awards
Since 1985, CPTV has received the following awards:
CPTV
69 Regional Emmy Awards
6 Golden Eagle Awards
WNPR
7 Mark Twain Awards from the Associated Press
2 George Foster Peabody Awards
2 Gracie Allen Awards
2 Ohio State Awards for Broadcast Excellence
Shows produced by CPTV
CPTV was the broadcast and web streaming home of UConn women's basketball from 1994 to 2012. The game broadcasts were the highest-rated locally produced programs in the PBS network.
CPTV is a major producer of children's programming for the PBS network. Its best-known offering was Barney & Friends. The character was discovered in 1991 when CPTV executive Larry Rifkin bought a Barney and the Backyard Gang home video for his daughter and was mesmerized by it. CPTV continued to distribute the show until 2007; it is now distributed by WNET in New York. Other children's shows originated and/or distributed by CPTV are Thomas & Friends, Bob The Builder, Make Way for Noddy, Angelina
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Networks
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United Networks is an Internet service provider (ISP) and media distributor that was established in Kuwait on 1 October, 2005. The company is a member of KIPCO and has several subsidiary companies.
External links
Official website of United Networks (Kuwait)
Official website of United Networks UK
Telecommunications companies established in 2005
Companies of Kuwait
Telecommunications companies of Kuwait
Kuwaiti companies established in 2005
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulfsat
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Gulfsat provides satellite communications solutions in the state of Kuwait. It was established in 1995 with the partnership of the Kuwait Ministry of Communications and Hughes Network Systems. Gulfsat is a member of KIPCO Group, the region's leading investment group.
Company history
Gulfsat started in 1995 by leasing ministry of communication uplink facility in Um Al-Hayman. In 2002 Gulfsat started expanding its operations by investing in building two worldwide hubs in the United States and Germany currently not operationally. Gulfsat owns and operates its own communications infrastructure through leasing satellite capacity from AM-44 satellite Russian satellite owned by RISCC, thus maintaining long-term partnerships with its customers. Gulfsat is not the only licensed satellite service provider in the State of Kuwait.
External links
Gulfsat official webpage
Telecommunications companies established in 1995
Telecommunications companies of Kuwait
Companies based in Kuwait City
Kuwaiti brands
Kuwaiti companies established in 1995
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhymney%20railway%20station
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Rhymney railway station serves the town of Rhymney in Wales. Situated on the Valley Lines network north of Cardiff Central, it is the terminus of the Rhymney Line. The station has sidings to the west of its single platform which are used for the overnight stabling of the diesel multiple unit trains
History
The railway south from here was opened by the Rhymney Railway in 1858 as far as Hengoed and Walnut Tree Junction (giving access to via the Taff Vale Railway by 1864), with a link northwards to Rhymney Bridge (on the Merthyr to Abergavenny 'Heads of the Valley' line) following in 1871. This was operated jointly with the London and North Western Railway. In the same year the current route through was opened by the Rhymney company, removing the need for its trains to use TVR metals to reach Cardiff. Services to the north ended in 1953 with the closure of the joint line to Rhymney Bridge to passenger traffic (with complete closure following in November 1954). The section down to was also subsequently singled and the station reduced in size, with the decommissioning of the old island platform. This remained intact but disused for many years, but was demolished in 2007 when the stabling sidings were relaid and re-aligned.
Services
On Mondays to Saturdays there is an hourly service from Rhymney to Penarth at xx29 every hour calling at Pontlottyn, Tir-Phil, Brithdir, Bargoed, Pengam, Hengoed, Ystrad Mynach, Llanbradach, Energlyn & Churchill Park, Aber, Caerphilly, Lisvane and Thornhill, Llanishen, Heath High Level, Cardiff Queen Street, Cardiff Central, Grangetown, Dingle Road and Penarth. Journeys to Cardiff take (on average) 55–60 minutes and 75 minutes to Penarth.
From December 2013 the train service frequency was due to be upgraded to every 30 minutes off-peak each weekday due to the construction & commissioning of a loop at , the extra service being a continuation of one of the 3 trains per hour that currently terminate at Bargoed. However a lack of rolling stock has prevented this taking placed as originally planned and the frequency will remain hourly (with additional weekday peak departures) for the immediate future.
On Sundays, services run to on a two-hourly frequency.
Notes
External links
RAILSCOT - Photographs of Rhymney
Railway stations in Caerphilly County Borough
DfT Category F1 stations
Former Rhymney Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1858
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bargoed%20railway%20station
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Bargoed railway station serves the town of Bargoed in the county borough of Caerphilly, South Wales. It is a stop on the Rhymney branch of the Valley Lines network. It is located close to the Bargoed Interchange bus station.
History
The station was opened on 31 March 1858 by the Rhymney Railway and was once a busy junction, serving lines to (via Bedwas) and Brecon (the Brecon and Merthyr Tydfil Junction Railway) as well as the current route, but the latter pair were both closed to passengers on 31 December 1962 and completely in 1963–5. The junction site and trackbed of the old Brecon line is still visible north of the station.
In 1905 it was renamed Bargoed and Aber Bargoed reverting to its original name in 1924 There was another similarly name station, Aber Bargoed, opened by the Brecon & Merthyr Junction Railway & located on the now defunct Newport line north of Bargoed South Junction.
Services
On Mondays to Saturdays there are departures every 15 minutes southbound to Cardiff Central and Penarth, with an hourly service in the evenings. Sunday trains run every two hours and serve rather than Penarth.
Northbound there is an hourly service to Rhymney on Mondays to Saturdays with a two-hourly Sunday service. The ongoing re-signalling scheme on the Valley Lines network has seen the signal box here closed and a new passing loop constructed at . The plan for a half-hourly service through to/from Rhymney was due to be implemented at the December 2013 timetable change, but this has been postponed due to there being insufficient rolling stock available.
The station, which is the northernmost on the double-track section of the branch, has recently seen the reinstatement of a second platform (although it did at one time have three).
Bus station
Bargoed Interchange, opened in 2011, is a three-minute walk from the railway station.
The redeveloped bus station building was funded through the European Union Regional Development Fund, and through the Welsh Government's Targeted Match Funding, Transport Grant programme, and the Heads of the Valleys Programme.
Bus services run to Newport, Merthyr Tydfil, Blackwood, Caerphilly, Pontypridd, and Ystrad Mynach
References
External links
Railway stations in Caerphilly County Borough
DfT Category E stations
Former Rhymney Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1858
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTRUSign
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NTRUSign, also known as the NTRU Signature Algorithm, is an NTRU public-key cryptography digital signature algorithm based on the GGH signature scheme. The original version of NTRUSign was Polynomial Authentication and Signature Scheme (PASS), and was published at CrypTEC'99. The improved version of PASS was named as NTRUSign, and was presented at the rump session of Asiacrypt 2001 and published in peer-reviewed form at the RSA Conference 2003. The 2003 publication included parameter recommendations for 80-bit security. A subsequent 2005 publication revised the parameter recommendations for 80-bit security, presented parameters that gave claimed security levels of 112, 128, 160, 192 and 256 bits, and described an algorithm to derive parameter sets at any desired security level. NTRU Cryptosystems, Inc. have applied for a patent on the algorithm.
NTRUSign involves mapping a message to a random point in 2N-dimensional space, where N is one of the NTRUSign parameters, and solving the closest vector problem in a lattice closely related to the NTRUEncrypt lattice. NTRUSign is claimed to be faster than those algorithms at low security levels, and considerably faster at high security levels. However, analysis had shown that original scheme is insecure and would leak knowledge of private key.
A redesigned pqNTRUSign had been submitted to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization competition. It is based on "hash-and-sign" (contrasting Fiat–Shamir transformation) methodology, and claims to achieve smaller signature size.
NTRUSign is under consideration for standardization by the IEEE P1363 working group.
Security
It was demonstrated in 2000 by Wu, Bao, Ye and Deng that the signature of PASS, the original version of NTRUSign, can be forged easily without knowing the private key. NTRUSign is not a zero-knowledge signature scheme and a transcript of signatures leaks information about the private key, as first observed by Gentry and Szydlo. Nguyen and Regev demonstrated in 2006 that for the original unperturbed NTRUSign parameter sets an attacker can recover the private key with as few as 400 signatures.
The current proposals use perturbations to increase the transcript length required to recover the private key: the signer displaces the point representing the message by a small secret amount before the signature itself is calculated. NTRU claimed that at least 230 signatures are needed, and probably considerably more, before a transcript of perturbed signatures enabled any useful attack. In 2012 an attack on the scheme with perturbations was presented that required a few thousand signatures for standard security parameters.
The pqNTRUSign claims a 128-bit classical and quantum security for their given parameter set.
References
External links
Most recent NTRUSign paper, including parameter sets for multiple security levels
A Java implementation of NTRUSign
Digital signature schemes
Post-quantum cryptography
Lattice-based cryptography
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KQDS-TV
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KQDS-TV (channel 21) is a television station in Duluth, Minnesota, United States, affiliated with the Fox network. Owned by Red River Broadcasting, the station has studios on London Road in Duluth (along I-35), and its transmitter is located west of downtown in Hilltop Park. Master control and some internal operations are based out of the studio facilities of sister station, fellow Fox affiliate and Red River flagship KVRR on South 40th Street and South 9th Avenue in Fargo, North Dakota.
History
The station first signed on the air on September 20, 1994, as KNLD, the Duluth–Superior market's first independent station. Very few people knew it was actually on the air at this time, as it transmitted at low power with an extremely limited schedule of programming, usually airing for only four hours per day each morning—the minimum required by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) to cover the license. While the Northland had grown large enough to support an independent station at least a decade earlier, it is a very large market geographically. UHF stations do not cover large areas very well. Additionally, the major stations in the market need sizable networks of translators to adequately cover the market, and the cost of building a translator network scared off perspective owners. By the 1990s, cable television—a must for acceptable television in much of this market—had gained enough penetration to make an independent station viable. In addition, two independent stations from the Minneapolis–Saint Paul market—KMSP-TV and WFTC—were present on some of the area's cable providers.
Although its lineup once included syndicated Big Ten college football (since returned as network coverage), most of the station's schedule was filled with programming from the Shop at Home Network by the late 1990s.
In 1998, Red River Broadcasting (via sister company KQDS Acquisition Corporation) purchased KNLD and several area radio stations including KQDS (1490 AM), KQDS-FM (94.9 FM), WWAX (92.1 FM) and KZIO (94.1 and 104.3 FM), and later changed the television station's call sign to KQDS-TV. The new owners immediately set about giving the station a technical overhaul, but not without controversy. They had won a construction permit for a new tower to replace its old transmitter facility located adjacent to Duluth Central High School, which would give it a coverage area comparable to the other Duluth stations. However, some school and city officials expressed concern about the danger of ice falling from the tower onto the school's parking lot. Eventually, Red River agreed to build the tower further from the parking lot than initially planned.
On September 1, 1999, KQDS-TV activated its new transmitter tower, along with the sign-on of eight translators. That same day, the station became the Duluth–Superior market's first Fox affiliate. Prior to affiliating with the network, Fox programming was available in the market only through cable systems that had carried the netw
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%20FM
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Port FM was a local radio station based in Timaru, New Zealand that broadcast throughout South Canterbury and the MacKenzie Country. It also operated as a network with sister-stations in Ashburton and Oamaru known as 'Port FM Local'. Port FM's music genre was contemporary rock and pop, with the bulk of the weekday playlist made up of music from the mid eighties through the early nineties. The main (Timaru based) station was used as a network feed for Port FM Local in Ashburton and Oamaru during breakfast, nights and weekends.
Port FM ceased trading as an independent radio station on 30 April 2018, and is now under the Mediaworks branch of stations. The Port FM frequency is now broadcasting a South Canterbury version of More FM, with local content between 10am and 3pm weekdays.
The Port FM network was based in Timaru and was heard throughout South Canterbury and the MacKenzie Country. In 2006, two other stations owned by Port FM in Ashburton and Oamaru were renamed Port FM Regional. They were originally known as Fox FM (Ashburton) and Whitestone 100FM (Oamaru), broadcasting locally during the day and at nights relaying the Port FM feed programme from Timaru. The network used a tagline of 'Live, Local and Loving It'.
Sale to MediaWorks
Port FM was privately owned by businessman and radio entrepreneur Brent Birchfield since 1995. The network operated in Ashburton, Timaru, Oamaru and Greymouth on the West Coast. From the early 2000s Port FM had close ties with MediaWorks: sourcing their news bulletins from Newshub and providing advertising sales and services to other MediaWorks stations in the region (The Edge, The Rock, The Sound and Magic). These stations were operated locally by Port FM under a franchise arrangement with MediaWorks. In January 2018 the sale of Port FM to MediaWorks was announced, with a takeover date of 1 April 2018. In April 2018 an announcement was made that Port FM would be rebranded as More FM on 28 April 2018 and The Breeze would also begin broadcasting in South Canterbury with Port FM breakfast announcer OJ Jackson moving to The Breeze to present local breakfast. More FM would be reduced to local content for a few hours during the weekends and 10am to 3pm weekdays.
Six Port FM staff were made redundant within eight months of Mediaworks purchasing Port FM.
The West Coast operation was sold to NZME, who used the frequencies to bring Mix and Radio Hauraki to the Coast.
Programmes
The final station lineup consisted of The Region's Big Breakfast With OJ Jackson. This was followed by a daytime show with Eve O'Brien, and drive show with James Valentine. The night line-up included a three-hour rock music segment from 9-midnight. Saturday programming included a sports breakfast show, the syndicated United States show Retro Pop Reunion with Joe Cortez, and the Automated Party Mix. The Sunday line-up included a Breakfast/daytime show with James Valentine. Molly Callanan was also part of the on air announcer line up.
On Sund
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NepaLinux
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NepaLinux was a Debian and Morphix-based Linux distribution focused on desktop usage in Nepali language computing.
It contains applications for desktop users, such as OpenOffice.org, Nepali GNOME and KDE desktops, Nepali input method editor.
The development and distribution of NepaLinux was done by Madan Puraskar Pustakalaya. Version 1.0 was produced as part of the PAN Localization Project, with the support of the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) of Canada. NepaLinux is an effort of promoting free and open-source software in Nepal.
In October 2007, NepaLinux was the joint recipient of the Association for Progressive Communications' annual APC FOSS prize.
References
Knoppix
Language-specific Linux distributions
Linux distributions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Movies
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Star Movies is an Asian pay television network owned by Disney Entertainment. Star Movies was originally launched as a single channel broadcast across Asia, but it was regionalised into different localised channels since then. Fox Networks Group Asia Pacific have since rebranded some of the network's international feeds in Hong Kong, Taiwan (SD feed only) and Southeast Asia as Fox Movies, but retains the Star Movies brand in Middle East & South Asia (except Maldives).
Disney Star continues to operate the Indian feed of the network as a channel specialized in Western films, while the Middle Eastern feed, operated by Fox Networks Group Middle East, co-exists with Fox Movies where as Balkan version replaced Fox Movies. Star Movies HD in Taiwan was operated by Disney Networks Group Taiwan which was the advertisement-free offering of Fox Movies Taiwan. However, from March 2021 Star Movies Taiwan started doing short advertisement breaks in between movies. Star Movies in Middle East is operated by Fox Network Group Middle East while Star Movies in the Balkans is operated by The Walt Disney Company Serbia.
History
Star Movies was split up from Star Plus on 1 May 1994, which usually aired movies in the early years of Star TV from 1991 to 1994. At launch, its programming lineup was consisted of both Hollywood and Chinese films and catered to pan-Asian audiences.
As Star TV planned to remove BBC World Service Television from its channel lineup for Northeast Asia by mid-April 1994, the company planned to replace it with a Chinese-language film channel. Star Movies would focus on Western world films from then on. Star TV has since regionalized the channel's operation.
The channel was noticeably absent from Singapore Cable Vision upon the launch of its cable service in 1995 due to censorship problems in the country.
A localised feed intended for the Philippines was launched on 1 January 2010. Four months later, a high-definition channel, Star Movies HD, was launched. A video on demand channel was also launched on 16 September of that same year.
On 1 January 2012, Star Movies was rebranded as Fox Movies Premium and available in Hong Kong, the Maldives and most of Southeast Asia.
On 10 June 2017, the Philippine feed of the channel was rebranded as Fox Movies Philippines.
On 1 November 2017, the Vietnamese feed of Star Movies was rebranded as Fox Movies Vietnam.
On 1 October 2021, Star Movies China officially ceased broadcasting and transmission.
On New Year's Day 2022 at stroke of midnight, Fox Movies Taiwan officially launching new name to Star Movies Gold was officially formal launching ceremony took place in held at Taiwan so Star Movies HD will remain active and it kept its own programming and its own logo.
Star Movies Taiwan officially ceased transmission and broadcasting for very final and last time after officially formal ceasing ceremony took place in held at Taiwan on Sunday, 31 December 2023 at 11:59:59pm Taiwan Time in Taiwan was officially
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetCDF%20Operators
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NCO (netCDF Operators) is a suite of programs designed to facilitate manipulation and analysis of self-describing data stored in the netCDF format.
Program Suite
ncap2 netCDF arithmetic processor
ncatted netCDF attribute editor
ncbo netCDF binary operator (includes addition, multiplication and others)
ncclimo netCDF climatology generator
nces netCDF ensemble statistics
ncecat netCDF ensemble concatenator
ncflint netCDF file interpolator
ncks netCDF kitchen sink
ncpdq netCDF permute dimensions quickly, pack data quietly
ncra netCDF record averager
ncrcat netCDF record concatenator
ncremap netCDF remaper
ncrename netCDF renamer
ncwa netCDF weighted averager
References
External links
Meteorological data and networks
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kai%27s%20Power%20Tools
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Kai's Power Tools are a set of API plugins created by the German computer scientist Kai Krause in 1992 that were designed for use with Adobe Photoshop and Corel Photo-Paint. Kai's Power Tools were sold to Corel in 2000 when MetaCreations was closed.
The phrase Kai's Power Tools is often abbreviated to KPT.
There are various versions of Kai's Power Tools. KPT 3, 5, 6, and X sets are compilations of different filters.
The program interface features a reward-based function in which a bonus function is revealed as the user moves towards more complex aspects of the tool.
Filters
The KPT Convolver is a mathematics based filter; the level of precision and varying effects can be achieved by using numerical values of colour, tint, hue, saturation, contrast, brightness, luminosity, and posterize.
The KPT Projector takes the current image or selection and offers a number of interactive perspective warp effects. To a large extent, with its draggable distortion handles and its moving, scaling and rotating options, this simply duplicates Adobe Photoshop's Free Transform capabilities. What is completely different is the ability to rotate the bitmap image in 3D space and to tile the results if desired. It can also animate the distortions by dragging keyframes from the preview window into an animation palette. KPT 6 will then preview the animation and output it to various sizes in avi or mov format. This animation capability is even more useful with the KPT Turbulence filter. This is another distortion filter, but one that treats the image as if it was completely liquid. The preview panel shows the animation in real time.
The KPT Goo filter is used to produce a single frame freeform liquid distortion. This filter is available both with KPT 6 and the standalone version. It works by effectively turning a bitmap image into a liquid that can be interactively smeared, smudged, twirled, and pinched with the range of tools on offer. The obvious use is to distort photographic portraits into caricatures.
KPT Materializer can create advanced surface textures based on bump maps that define troughs and peaks. It can use any external image for the basis of the bump map or alternatively the user can pick out the hue, saturation, luminance or red, green, or blue channel of the current image. It can then offset, scale and rotate the texture map, control its lighting, and even blend in a reflection map. The filter can be used for anything from providing an oil-painting feel to an entire image, to giving the illusion of depth to a selection.
Also producing the impression of depth is the KPT Gel filter which uses various paint tools to synthesize photo-realistic 3D materials such as metals, liquids, or plastics. Gel painting is very different from traditional 2D painting as the brush strokes pool together when they touch and refract the underlying image. It can also manipulate 3D paint—once it has been added—by twirling, pinching, and carving it.
The opposite is true of
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snowden
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Snowden may refer to:
People
Snowden (surname), a given name and a family name
Edward Snowden, former computer intelligence consultant who leaked highly classified information from the National Security Agency (NSA) in 2013
Fictional characters
Snowden (character), a character from the novel Catch-22 by Joseph Heller
Snowden, a Christmas character in Snowden on Ice
Places
Snowden, West Virginia, US
Snowden Mountain, a summit in Alaska, US
Snowden Crags and Snowden Carr, a prehistoric archaeological site in North Yorkshire, England, UK
Snowden International School, a public high school in Boston, Massachusetts, US
Music
Snowden (band), an indie rock band from Atlanta, Georgia, US
Snowden (EP)
Snowden Family Band, a 19th-century singing group from Knox County, Ohio, US
Snowden (song), a 2005 song by Doves from Some Cities
Other uses
Snowden (film), a 2016 biographical political thriller by Oliver Stone
Snowden (physics), a unit of X-ray emissivity
See also
Cherax snowden (C. snowden), a crayfish from West Papua, Indonesia
Snowdon, the highest mountain in Wales
Snowdon (disambiguation)
"Snowdin", a song on the Undertale Soundtrack
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targus%20%28company%29
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Targus is a privately owned multinational mobile computing accessories company that designs, manufactures, and sells laptop and tablet cases, computer accessories such as mice, keyboards, and privacy screens, as well as universal docking stations. Targus released the world’s first laptop case in 1983.
Targus employs approximately 500 people globally. Mikel H. Williams is CEO and Chairman.
Overview
Targus was founded by 1983 Neil Bruce-Copp in Barnes, London, after he invented the world’s first personal computer carrying case and secured orders from IBM and ICL to fund Targus Group. In 1986, Targus launched its first laptop case, the T3100L, with a 250-unit order from Toshiba.
In 1995, Targus became known as Targus Group International and had offices in the US, Canada, Hong Kong, Taipei, Australia, and several more throughout Europe.
Targus opened its new headquarters in Anaheim, California in 2000. In 2004, Targus launched its first docking station, joined the Bluetooth marketplace, and developed the SafePort Air Protection System.
Early in 2005, Targus joined the mobile device market with a range of iPod accessories. Since 2015 Targus has been a Samsung and Google partner.
References
External links
Targus UK
Computer companies of the United States
Privately held companies based in California
Computer companies established in 1983
1983 establishments in California
Companies based in Anaheim, California
The Carlyle Group
2005 mergers and acquisitions
2016 mergers and acquisitions
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roller%20Coaster%20DataBase
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Roller Coaster DataBase (RCDB) is a roller coaster and amusement park database begun in 1996 by Duane Marden. It has grown to feature statistics and pictures of over 10,000 roller coasters from around the world.
Publications that have mentioned RCDB include The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Toledo Blade, Orlando Sentinel, Time, Forbes, Mail & Guardian, and Chicago Sun-Times.
History
RCDB was started in 1996 by Duane Marden, a computer programmer from Brookfield, Wisconsin. The website is run off web servers in Marden's basement and a location in St. Louis.
Content
Each roller coaster entry includes any of the following information for the ride: current amusement park location, type, status (existing, standing but not operating (SBNO), defunct), opening date, make/model, cost, capacity, length, height, drop, number of inversions, speed, duration, maximum vertical angle, trains, and special notes. Entries may also feature reader-contributed photos and/or press releases.
The site also categorizes the rides into special orders, including a list of the tallest coasters, a list of the fastest coasters, a list of the most inversions on a coaster, a list of the parks with the most inversions, etc., each sortable by steel, wooden, or both. Each roller coaster entry links back to a page which lists all of that park's roller coasters, past and present, and includes a brief history and any links to fan web pages saluting the park.
Languages
The site is available in ten languages: English, German, French, Spanish, Dutch, Portuguese, Italian, Swedish, Japanese and Simplified Chinese.
References
External links
Internet properties established in 1996
1996 establishments in Wisconsin
Online databases
Roller coasters
Entertainment databases
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge%20collection%20from%20volunteer%20contributors
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Knowledge collection from volunteer vontributors (KCVC) is a subfield of knowledge acquisition within artificial intelligence which attempts to drive down the cost of acquiring the knowledge required to support automated reasoning by having the public enter knowledge in computer processable form over the internet. KCVC might be regarded as similar in spirit to Wikipedia, although the intended audience, artificial Intelligence systems, differs.
History
The 2005 AAAI Spring Symposium on Knowledge Collection from Volunteer Contributors (KCVC05) may have been the first research meeting on this topic.
The first large-scale KCVC project was probably the Open Mind Common Sense (OMCS) project, initiated by Push Singh and Marvin Minsky at the MIT Media Lab. In this project, volunteers entered words or simple sentences in English in response to prompts or images. Although the resulting knowledge is not formally represented, it is provided to researchers with parses and other meta-information intended to increase its utility. Later, this group released ConceptNet, which embedded the knowledge contained in the OpenMind Common Sense database as a semantic network.
In late 2005, Cycorp released a KCVC system called FACTory that attempts to acquire knowledge in a form directly usable for automated reasoning. It automatically generates questions in English from an underlying predicate calculus representation of candidate assertions produced by automated reading of web pages, by reviewing information previously entered directly in logical form, and by analogy and abduction.
References
External links
Open Mind Project
Open Mind Common Sense
ISI's Learner
Cycorp's FACTory
Knowledge engineering
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Rudish
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Paul Bernard Rudish (born September 27, 1968) is an American animator, storyboard artist, writer, and voice actor, originally known for his art, writing, and design work at Cartoon Network Studios on series created by Genndy Tartakovsky. He went on to co-create the series Sym-Bionic Titan and, in 2013, developed, wrote, storyboarded, executively produced, and directed a revival of Mickey Mouse short cartoons.
Career
Paul's father, Rich Rudish, created the character Rainbow Brite for Hallmark and was art director for the 1985 animated film Rainbow Brite and the Star Stealer. Paul went into animation, too, studying in the Character Animation program at California Institute of the Arts. Rudish did character design and storyboard work early in his career, most notably for Batman: The Animated Series. When Cartoon Network started producing new shows as Cartoon Network Studios, he quickly expanded into new roles on series created by Genndy Tartakovsky and Craig McCracken. He wrote, designed characters, or directed art for episodes of series including Dexter's Laboratory, The Powerpuff Girls, and Samurai Jack.
He moved up to directing art for the entire production of the 2003 Star Wars: Clone Wars miniseries.
In 2010, Rudish earned his first co-creator credit for the series Sym-Bionic Titan, which he co-created with Tartakovsky and Samurai Jack writer Bryan Andrews. He wrote the series and also designed the characters and Sym-Bionic Units. Around the same time, he provided development art for the first season and second season opener of My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic.
Mickey Mouse
Rudish's next project saw him work with characters not created by either him, Tartakovsky or McCracken: Mickey Mouse and friends. Rudish created, executive-produced and directed a new series of 3.5-minute episodes titled simply Mickey Mouse. The series uses the character designs and personalities from the earliest Mickey, Donald Duck, and Goofy shorts, even using lesser known characters such as Clarabelle Cow.
Many of the shorts use a classic story structure in which Mickey must overcome a series of obstacles to achieve a seemingly simple goal, though some highlight the more playful aspects of animation, such as Mickey's cartoony evasive moves in "No Service" or the ability of characters to detach and reattach their ears (complete with temporary deafness) in "Bad Ear Day". Despite the retro feel, the developers used modern animation techniques and tools.
Further, they did update some elements, most notably the vivid, detailed backgrounds and super-smooth animation in fast-paced scenes. They also took stylistic risks, basing some episodes entirely in foreign countries. In most of these, the characters speak sparingly, if at all, while in "Croissant de Triomphe", set in Paris, the characters speak entirely in French. The first episode, "No Service", was released on June 28, 2013 on Disney Channel, Disney.com and WATCH Disney Channel.
A sequel series The Wonderful
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean%20Broadcasting%20Network
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The Caribbean Broadcasting Network (formerly LKK Group) is a broadcasting company, headquartered in the Hollywood Center Studios (HCS) in Hollywood, California. The company owns and operates four television stations, two in Puerto Rico and two in the U.S. Virgin Islands. The stations are affiliates of Cozi TV, FOX, LATV, & NBC.
History
The company (as LKK Group) became involved in Caribbean broadcasting in 2003 when it learned that Puerto Rico lacked a National Public Radio (NPR) station, according to Keith Bass, the company’s President. It quickly established a radio station, WVGN, on the island, which was set up to receive NPR’s national feed; the company eventually sold WVGN to R.J. Watkins & his Virgin Islands Radio Entertainment Detroit, LLC on February 17, 2015, after which the station's call sign was changed to its current call sign.
Present
Today, the company takes network television feeds from New York and sends them via satellite to receiving sites on the two islands. Syndicated and local programming is also inserted in Hollywood. On the islands themselves, the company maintains relatively small operations with sales and service staffs. Everything else is done from Hollywood.
The company has ambitious plans for its continued growth. There are many other islands in the Caribbean that are under-served by broadcast television, Bass has observed.
It also plans to increase the amount of local programming that it produces. That “local” programming will likely be produced at HCS, explains Bass, where gear, crew and all the other production necessities are readily available.
Caribbean Broadcasting Network-owned TV stations
Puerto Rico
WSJP-LD 30 (Cozi TV/FOX/Comet/This TV) - Aguadilla, Puerto Rico
U.S. Virgin Islands
WVXF 17 (This TV/FOX) - Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
WVGN-LD 19 (NBC) - Saint Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands
Former stations
WPRU-LP 20 (ABC) - Aguadilla, Puerto Rico (silent/call sign deleted from Federal Communications Commission (FCC) website)
WEON-LP 60 (FOX) - Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands (silent/license cancelled by FCC)
Caribbean Broadcasting Network-owned radio stations
Former stations
WVGN 107.3 (National Public Radio) - U.S. Virgin Islands (sold to R.J. Watkins in 2015; now WVIE)
WSJX-LP 24 (LATV) - Aguadilla, Puerto Rico (license surrendered January 14, 2021)
References
External links
Caribbean Broadcasting Network website
Archived version of LKK Group website
Companies based in Los Angeles
Broadcasting companies of the United States
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Hollywood, Los Angeles
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KFPX-TV
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KFPX-TV (channel 39) is a television station licensed to Newton, Iowa, United States, broadcasting the Ion Television network to the Des Moines area. Owned and operated by the Ion Media subsidiary of the E. W. Scripps Company, the station maintains offices on 114th Street in Urbandale, and its transmitter is located in Alleman, Iowa.
Newscasts
For a short time in 2001, KFPX ran a prime time newscast produced by NBC affiliate WHO-TV (channel 13) to compete with Fox affiliate KDSM-TV (channel 17)'s Fox News at Nine (which WHO eventually took over from CBS affiliate KGAN in Cedar Rapids). After that newscast was canceled, KFPX reran WHO-TV's 10:00 p.m. newscasts on a 30-minute delay until early 2005.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KFPX-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 39, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation UHF channel 39.
Former transmitter site
KFPX previously maintained transmitter facilities in Baxter, Iowa. Due to its short tower height, the station's broadcasting radius was largely confined to the immediate Des Moines area, although some southern and western suburbs may have had difficulty picking up the station's signal. Therefore, KFPX relied on cable and satellite carriage to reach the entire market. With the move to Alleman, KFPX now provides over-the-air coverage comparable to the market's other stations.
References
External links
Ion Television website
Ion Television affiliates
Court TV affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
Ion Mystery affiliates
Defy TV affiliates
Scripps News affiliates
E. W. Scripps Company television stations
Television channels and stations established in 1998
1998 establishments in Iowa
Television stations in Des Moines, Iowa
Newton, Iowa
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