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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of?\nA. charcoal briquettes, B. trees, C. fossil fuels, D. trash\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of?
A. charcoal briquettes, B. trees, C. fossil fuels, D. trash
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The major cause of outdoor air pollution is the burning of fossil fuels.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the ideal mechanical advantage in the single fixed pulley?\nA. zero, B. 1, C. 4, D. 2\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In the single fixed pulley, only one rope segment pulls up on the load, so the ideal mechanical advantage is 1. In other words, this type of pulley doesn’t increase the force that is applied to it. However, it does change the direction of the force. This allows you to use your weight to pull on one end of the rope and more easily raise the load attached to the other end.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the ideal mechanical advantage in the single fixed pulley?
A. zero, B. 1, C. 4, D. 2
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In the single fixed pulley, only one rope segment pulls up on the load, so the ideal mechanical advantage is 1. In other words, this type of pulley doesn’t increase the force that is applied to it. However, it does change the direction of the force. This allows you to use your weight to pull on one end of the rope and more easily raise the load attached to the other end.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What science is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes?\nA. geology, B. chemistry, C. biology, D. astronomy\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What science is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes?
A. geology, B. chemistry, C. biology, D. astronomy
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is driven by the sun's energy and moves water over the surface of earth?\nA. the water cycle, B. tides, C. weather cycle, D. sun cycle\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The Sun heats some areas more than others, which causes wind. The Sun's energy also drives the water cycle, which moves water over the surface of the Earth. Both wind and water power can be used as renewable resources.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is driven by the sun's energy and moves water over the surface of earth?
A. the water cycle, B. tides, C. weather cycle, D. sun cycle
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The Sun heats some areas more than others, which causes wind. The Sun's energy also drives the water cycle, which moves water over the surface of the Earth. Both wind and water power can be used as renewable resources.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are materials that are poor thermal conductors called?\nA. sunlight insulators, B. pollution insulators, C. warmth insulators, D. thermal insulators\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Particles of gases are farther apart and have fewer collisions, so they are not good at transferring thermal energy. Materials that are poor thermal conductors are called thermal insulators . Figure below shows several examples. Fluffy yellow insulation inside the roof of a home is full of air. The air prevents the transfer of thermal energy into the house on hot days and out of the house on cold days. A puffy down jacket keeps you warm in the winter for the same reason. Its feather filling holds trapped air that prevents energy transfer from your warm body to the cold air outside. Solids like plastic and wood are also good thermal insulators. That’s why pot handles and cooking utensils are often made of these materials.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are materials that are poor thermal conductors called?
A. sunlight insulators, B. pollution insulators, C. warmth insulators, D. thermal insulators
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Particles of gases are farther apart and have fewer collisions, so they are not good at transferring thermal energy. Materials that are poor thermal conductors are called thermal insulators . Figure below shows several examples. Fluffy yellow insulation inside the roof of a home is full of air. The air prevents the transfer of thermal energy into the house on hot days and out of the house on cold days. A puffy down jacket keeps you warm in the winter for the same reason. Its feather filling holds trapped air that prevents energy transfer from your warm body to the cold air outside. Solids like plastic and wood are also good thermal insulators. That’s why pot handles and cooking utensils are often made of these materials.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in what?\nA. atoms, B. molecular bonds, C. terms of moles, D. electrical charge\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in terms of moles.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in what?
A. atoms, B. molecular bonds, C. terms of moles, D. electrical charge
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Balanced chemical reactions are balanced in terms of moles.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between what and the internal organs?\nA. central nervous system, B. hormones, C. somatic system, D. peripheral nervous system\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between the CNS and the internal organs. It controls the lungs, the heart, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands. The autonomic nervous system controls these organs largely without conscious control; it can continuously monitor the conditions of these different systems and implement changes as needed. Signaling to the target tissue usually involves two synapses: a preganglionic neuron (originating in the CNS) synapses to a neuron in a ganglion that, in turn, synapses on the target organ (Figure 16.24). There are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system that often have opposing effects: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the immediate responses an animal makes when it encounters a dangerous situation. One way to remember this is to think of the “fight-or-flight” response a person feels when encountering a snake (“snake” and “sympathetic” both begin with “s”). Examples of functions controlled by the sympathetic nervous system include an accelerated heart rate and inhibited digestion. These functions help prepare an organism’s body for the physical strain required to escape a potentially dangerous situation or to fend off a predator.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between what and the internal organs?
A. central nervous system, B. hormones, C. somatic system, D. peripheral nervous system
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The autonomic nervous system serves as the relay between the CNS and the internal organs. It controls the lungs, the heart, smooth muscle, and exocrine and endocrine glands. The autonomic nervous system controls these organs largely without conscious control; it can continuously monitor the conditions of these different systems and implement changes as needed. Signaling to the target tissue usually involves two synapses: a preganglionic neuron (originating in the CNS) synapses to a neuron in a ganglion that, in turn, synapses on the target organ (Figure 16.24). There are two divisions of the autonomic nervous system that often have opposing effects: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the immediate responses an animal makes when it encounters a dangerous situation. One way to remember this is to think of the “fight-or-flight” response a person feels when encountering a snake (“snake” and “sympathetic” both begin with “s”). Examples of functions controlled by the sympathetic nervous system include an accelerated heart rate and inhibited digestion. These functions help prepare an organism’s body for the physical strain required to escape a potentially dangerous situation or to fend off a predator.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem is also known as what?\nA. market, B. niche, C. unique, D. type\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Niche is the role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem. This role includes all the ways that the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem is also known as what?
A. market, B. niche, C. unique, D. type
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Niche is the role that a particular species plays in its ecosystem. This role includes all the ways that the species interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What element has the atomic number 16?\nA. sulfur, B. neon, C. oxygen, D. helium\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What element has the atomic number 16?
A. sulfur, B. neon, C. oxygen, D. helium
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Name the most famous satellite of the earth?\nA. skylab, B. sputnik, C. demos, D. the moon\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Name the most famous satellite of the earth?
A. skylab, B. sputnik, C. demos, D. the moon
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the minimum number of loops a circuit can have?\nA. 2, B. .1, C. 3, D. 1\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An electric circuit consists of at least one closed loop through which electric current can flow. Every circuit has a voltage source such as a battery and a conductor such as metal wire. A circuit may have other parts as well, such as lights and switches. In addition, a circuit may consist of one loop or two loops.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the minimum number of loops a circuit can have?
A. 2, B. .1, C. 3, D. 1
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An electric circuit consists of at least one closed loop through which electric current can flow. Every circuit has a voltage source such as a battery and a conductor such as metal wire. A circuit may have other parts as well, such as lights and switches. In addition, a circuit may consist of one loop or two loops.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of organism is algae?\nA. amoeba, B. virus, C. yeast, D. bacteria (cyanobacteria)\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Describe why algae is a good source of biofuel.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of organism is algae?
A. amoeba, B. virus, C. yeast, D. bacteria (cyanobacteria)
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Describe why algae is a good source of biofuel.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with which particles first?\nA. finest, B. largest, C. smallest, D. lightest\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with the largest particles first.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with which particles first?
A. finest, B. largest, C. smallest, D. lightest
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: How water transports particles depends on their size. When water slows down, it starts depositing sediment, starting with the largest particles first.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Because they control many cell activities - as well as being controlled by feedback mechanisms - what substances are very important for homeostasis?\nA. proteins, B. hormones, C. acids, D. enzymes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis. But what controls the hormones themselves? Most hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production. Most hormone feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops . Negative feedback keeps the concentration of a hormone within a narrow range.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Because they control many cell activities - as well as being controlled by feedback mechanisms - what substances are very important for homeostasis?
A. proteins, B. hormones, C. acids, D. enzymes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hormones control many cell activities, so they are very important for homeostasis. But what controls the hormones themselves? Most hormones are regulated by feedback mechanisms. A feedback mechanism is a loop in which a product feeds back to control its own production. Most hormone feedback mechanisms involve negative feedback loops . Negative feedback keeps the concentration of a hormone within a narrow range.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Contraction of what large, sheet-like muscle results in inhalation?\nA. diaphragm, B. uterus, C. deltoid, D. pelvic floor\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Inhaling is an active movement that results from the contraction of a muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm is large, sheet-like muscle below the lungs (see Figure below ). When the diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and the contents of the abdomen move downward. This results in a larger chest volume, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs. With lower air pressure inside than outside the lungs, air rushes into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the opposite events occur. The volume of the chest cavity decreases, air pressure inside the lungs increases, and air flows out of the lungs, like air rushing out of a balloon.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Contraction of what large, sheet-like muscle results in inhalation?
A. diaphragm, B. uterus, C. deltoid, D. pelvic floor
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Inhaling is an active movement that results from the contraction of a muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm is large, sheet-like muscle below the lungs (see Figure below ). When the diaphragm contracts, the ribcage expands and the contents of the abdomen move downward. This results in a larger chest volume, which decreases air pressure inside the lungs. With lower air pressure inside than outside the lungs, air rushes into the lungs. When the diaphragm relaxes, the opposite events occur. The volume of the chest cavity decreases, air pressure inside the lungs increases, and air flows out of the lungs, like air rushing out of a balloon.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of ionic compound is formed from acid and bases reacting with each other?\nA. dry, B. isolated, C. salt, D. common\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Acids have some properties in common. They turn litmus, a plant extract, red. They react with some metals to give off H2 gas. They react with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate salts to give off CO2 gas. Acids that are ingested typically have a sour, sharp taste. (The name acid comes from the Latin word acidus, meaning “sour. ”) Bases also have some properties in common. They are slippery to the touch, turn litmus blue, and have a bitter flavor if ingested. Acids and bases have another property: they react with each other to make water and an ionic compound called a salt. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound made by combining an acid with a base. A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction and can be represented as follows: acid + base → H2O + salt The stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation depends on the number of H+ions in the acid and the number of OH− ions in the base.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of ionic compound is formed from acid and bases reacting with each other?
A. dry, B. isolated, C. salt, D. common
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Acids have some properties in common. They turn litmus, a plant extract, red. They react with some metals to give off H2 gas. They react with carbonate and hydrogen carbonate salts to give off CO2 gas. Acids that are ingested typically have a sour, sharp taste. (The name acid comes from the Latin word acidus, meaning “sour. ”) Bases also have some properties in common. They are slippery to the touch, turn litmus blue, and have a bitter flavor if ingested. Acids and bases have another property: they react with each other to make water and an ionic compound called a salt. A salt, in chemistry, is any ionic compound made by combining an acid with a base. A reaction between an acid and a base is called a neutralization reaction and can be represented as follows: acid + base → H2O + salt The stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation depends on the number of H+ions in the acid and the number of OH− ions in the base.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The iron ion used to bind oxygen is on what type of \"ring\"?\nA. reagent ring, B. petrarchan ring, C. DNA ring, D. porphyrin ring\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The yellow subunits are identical in structure, as are the gray subunits. A smaller organic structure called a porphyrin ring is attached to each protein subunit and contains the iron ion used to bind oxygen.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The iron ion used to bind oxygen is on what type of "ring"?
A. reagent ring, B. petrarchan ring, C. DNA ring, D. porphyrin ring
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The yellow subunits are identical in structure, as are the gray subunits. A smaller organic structure called a porphyrin ring is attached to each protein subunit and contains the iron ion used to bind oxygen.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In police radar, a radar gun sends out short bursts of which waves?\nA. electrodes, B. photons, C. soundwaves, D. microwaves\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Radar stands for ra dio d etection and r anging. In police radar, a radar gun sends out short bursts of microwaves. The microwaves reflect back from oncoming vehicles and are detected by a receiver in the radar gun. The frequency of the reflected waves is used to compute the speed of the vehicles. Radar is also used for tracking storms, detecting air traffic, and other purposes.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In police radar, a radar gun sends out short bursts of which waves?
A. electrodes, B. photons, C. soundwaves, D. microwaves
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Radar stands for ra dio d etection and r anging. In police radar, a radar gun sends out short bursts of microwaves. The microwaves reflect back from oncoming vehicles and are detected by a receiver in the radar gun. The frequency of the reflected waves is used to compute the speed of the vehicles. Radar is also used for tracking storms, detecting air traffic, and other purposes.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Oxides of small, highly charged ions of what type tend to be acidic?\nA. plastic, B. steel, C. liquid, D. metal\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Summary The transition metals are characterized by partially filled d subshells in the free elements and cations. The ns and (n − 1)d subshells have similar energies, so small influences can produce electron configurations that do not conform to the general order in which the subshells are filled. In the secondand third-row transition metals, such irregularities can be difficult to predict, particularly for the third row, which has 4f, 5d, and 6s orbitals that are very close in energy. The increase in atomic radius is greater between the 3d and 4d metals than between the 4d and 5d metals because of the lanthanide contraction. Ionization energies and electronegativities increase slowly across a row, as do densities and electrical and thermal conductivities, whereas enthalpies of hydration decrease. Anomalies can be explained by the increased stabilization of half-filled and filled subshells. Transition-metal cations are formed by the initial loss of ns electrons, and many metals can form cations in several oxidation states. Higher oxidation states become progressively less stable across a row and more stable down a column. Oxides of small, highly charged metal ions tend to be acidic, whereas oxides of metals with a low charge-to-radius ratio are basic.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Oxides of small, highly charged ions of what type tend to be acidic?
A. plastic, B. steel, C. liquid, D. metal
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Summary The transition metals are characterized by partially filled d subshells in the free elements and cations. The ns and (n − 1)d subshells have similar energies, so small influences can produce electron configurations that do not conform to the general order in which the subshells are filled. In the secondand third-row transition metals, such irregularities can be difficult to predict, particularly for the third row, which has 4f, 5d, and 6s orbitals that are very close in energy. The increase in atomic radius is greater between the 3d and 4d metals than between the 4d and 5d metals because of the lanthanide contraction. Ionization energies and electronegativities increase slowly across a row, as do densities and electrical and thermal conductivities, whereas enthalpies of hydration decrease. Anomalies can be explained by the increased stabilization of half-filled and filled subshells. Transition-metal cations are formed by the initial loss of ns electrons, and many metals can form cations in several oxidation states. Higher oxidation states become progressively less stable across a row and more stable down a column. Oxides of small, highly charged metal ions tend to be acidic, whereas oxides of metals with a low charge-to-radius ratio are basic.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A lewis acid is a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form what?\nA. accretion bond, B. ambivalent bond, C. covalent bond, D. functionality bond\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Gilbert Lewis (1875-1946) proposed a third theory of acids and bases that is even more general than either the Arrhenius or Brønsted-Lowry theories. A Lewis acid is a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. A Lewis base is a substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. So, a Lewis acid-base reaction is represented by the transfer of a pair of electrons from a base to an acid. A hydrogen ion, which lacks any electrons, accepts a pair of electrons. It is an acid under both the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions. Ammonia consists of a nitrogen atom as the central atom with a lone pair of electrons. The reaction between ammonia and the hydrogen ion can be depicted as shown in the Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A lewis acid is a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form what?
A. accretion bond, B. ambivalent bond, C. covalent bond, D. functionality bond
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Gilbert Lewis (1875-1946) proposed a third theory of acids and bases that is even more general than either the Arrhenius or Brønsted-Lowry theories. A Lewis acid is a substance that accepts a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. A Lewis base is a substance that donates a pair of electrons to form a covalent bond. So, a Lewis acid-base reaction is represented by the transfer of a pair of electrons from a base to an acid. A hydrogen ion, which lacks any electrons, accepts a pair of electrons. It is an acid under both the Brønsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions. Ammonia consists of a nitrogen atom as the central atom with a lone pair of electrons. The reaction between ammonia and the hydrogen ion can be depicted as shown in the Figure below .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the amount of force pushing against a given area?\nA. inertia, B. energy, C. power, D. pressure\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Pressure is defined as the amount of force pushing against a given area. How much pressure a gas exerts depends on the amount of gas. The more gas particles there are, the greater the pressure.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the amount of force pushing against a given area?
A. inertia, B. energy, C. power, D. pressure
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Pressure is defined as the amount of force pushing against a given area. How much pressure a gas exerts depends on the amount of gas. The more gas particles there are, the greater the pressure.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is another word for seed plants?\nA. echinoderm, B. gymnosperm, C. phyla, D. protosperm\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The most basic division is between nonvascular plants and vascular plants . Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that reproduce with seeds. Seed plants, in turn, are divided into those that produce seeds in cones and those that produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers. Seed plants are called gymnosperms . Seed plants called angiosperms produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is another word for seed plants?
A. echinoderm, B. gymnosperm, C. phyla, D. protosperm
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The most basic division is between nonvascular plants and vascular plants . Vascular plants are further divided into those that reproduce without seeds and those that reproduce with seeds. Seed plants, in turn, are divided into those that produce seeds in cones and those that produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers. Seed plants are called gymnosperms . Seed plants called angiosperms produce seeds in the ovaries of flowers .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What process takes place when echinoderms release their gametes into the water?\nA. stimulation, B. migration, C. isolation, D. fertilization\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The echinoderm nervous system has a nerve ring at the center and five radial nerves extending outward along the arms. There is no centralized nervous control. Echinoderms have separate sexes and release their gametes into the water where fertilization takes place. Echinoderms may also reproduce asexually through regeneration from body parts.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What process takes place when echinoderms release their gametes into the water?
A. stimulation, B. migration, C. isolation, D. fertilization
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The echinoderm nervous system has a nerve ring at the center and five radial nerves extending outward along the arms. There is no centralized nervous control. Echinoderms have separate sexes and release their gametes into the water where fertilization takes place. Echinoderms may also reproduce asexually through regeneration from body parts.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Salt hydrolysis is a reaction in which one of the ions from a salt reacts with what?\nA. fat, B. water, C. proteins, D. air\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The fluoride ion is acting as a weak Brønsted-Lowry base. The hydroxide ion that is produced as a result of the above reaction makes the solution slightly basic. Salt hydrolysis is a reaction in which one of the ions from a salt reacts with water, forming either an acidic or basic solution.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Salt hydrolysis is a reaction in which one of the ions from a salt reacts with what?
A. fat, B. water, C. proteins, D. air
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The fluoride ion is acting as a weak Brønsted-Lowry base. The hydroxide ion that is produced as a result of the above reaction makes the solution slightly basic. Salt hydrolysis is a reaction in which one of the ions from a salt reacts with water, forming either an acidic or basic solution.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Do motile cilia usually occur in small or large numbers on the cell surface?\nA. small, B. neither, C. large, D. mixed\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Do motile cilia usually occur in small or large numbers on the cell surface?
A. small, B. neither, C. large, D. mixed
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Potassium is a soft, silvery metal that ignites explosively in what?\nA. acid, B. cold, C. air, D. water\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Potassium is a soft, silvery metal that ignites explosively in water. It easily loses its one valence electron to form positive potassium ions (K + ), which are needed by all living cells. Potassium is so important for plants that it is found in almost all fertilizers, like the one shown here. Potassium is abundant in Earth’s crust in minerals such as feldspar.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Potassium is a soft, silvery metal that ignites explosively in what?
A. acid, B. cold, C. air, D. water
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Potassium is a soft, silvery metal that ignites explosively in water. It easily loses its one valence electron to form positive potassium ions (K + ), which are needed by all living cells. Potassium is so important for plants that it is found in almost all fertilizers, like the one shown here. Potassium is abundant in Earth’s crust in minerals such as feldspar.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter from which part of the solid is exposed to other reactants?\nA. the surface, B. the interior, C. the top, D. the base\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react. Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate. For example, crushing a solid into a powder exposes more of the substance to other reactants. This may greatly speed up the reaction. You can see another example in Figure below . Iron rusts when it combines with oxygen in the air. The iron hammer head and iron nails will both rust eventually. Which will rust faster?.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter from which part of the solid is exposed to other reactants?
A. the surface, B. the interior, C. the top, D. the base
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: When a solid substance is involved in a chemical reaction, only the matter at the surface of the solid is exposed to other reactants. If a solid has more surface area, more of it is exposed and able to react. Therefore, increasing the surface area of solid reactants increases the reaction rate. For example, crushing a solid into a powder exposes more of the substance to other reactants. This may greatly speed up the reaction. You can see another example in Figure below . Iron rusts when it combines with oxygen in the air. The iron hammer head and iron nails will both rust eventually. Which will rust faster?.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which word describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis?\nA. instability, B. trichina, C. tonicity, D. velocity\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Tonicity Tonicity describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis. A solution's tonicity often directly correlates with the osmolarity of the solution. Osmolarity describes the total solute concentration of the solution. A solution with low osmolarity has a greater number of water molecules relative to the number of solute particles; a solution with high osmolarity has fewer water molecules with respect to solute particles. In a situation in which solutions of two different osmolarities are separated by a membrane permeable to water, though not to the solute, water will move from the side of the membrane with lower osmolarity (and more water) to the side with higher osmolarity (and less water). This effect makes sense if you remember that the solute cannot move across the membrane, and thus the only component in the system that can move—the water—moves along its own concentration gradient. An important distinction that concerns living systems is that osmolarity measures the number of particles (which may be molecules) in a solution. Therefore, a solution that is cloudy with cells may have a lower osmolarity than a solution that is clear, if the second solution contains more dissolved molecules than there are cells. Hypotonic Solutions Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic situation, the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell. (In living systems, the point of reference is always the cytoplasm, so the prefix hypo- means that the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes, or a lower osmolarity, than the cell cytoplasm. ) It also means that the extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of water in the solution than does the cell. In this situation, water will follow its concentration gradient and enter the cell. Hypertonic Solutions As for a hypertonic solution, the prefix hyper- refers to the extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm; therefore, the fluid contains less water than the cell does. Because the cell has a relatively higher concentration of water, water will leave the cell. Isotonic Solutions In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell. If the osmolarity of the cell matches that of the extracellular fluid, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell, although water will still move in and out. Blood cells and plant cells in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions take on characteristic appearances (Figure 5.12).\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which word describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis?
A. instability, B. trichina, C. tonicity, D. velocity
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Tonicity Tonicity describes how an extracellular solution can change the volume of a cell by affecting osmosis. A solution's tonicity often directly correlates with the osmolarity of the solution. Osmolarity describes the total solute concentration of the solution. A solution with low osmolarity has a greater number of water molecules relative to the number of solute particles; a solution with high osmolarity has fewer water molecules with respect to solute particles. In a situation in which solutions of two different osmolarities are separated by a membrane permeable to water, though not to the solute, water will move from the side of the membrane with lower osmolarity (and more water) to the side with higher osmolarity (and less water). This effect makes sense if you remember that the solute cannot move across the membrane, and thus the only component in the system that can move—the water—moves along its own concentration gradient. An important distinction that concerns living systems is that osmolarity measures the number of particles (which may be molecules) in a solution. Therefore, a solution that is cloudy with cells may have a lower osmolarity than a solution that is clear, if the second solution contains more dissolved molecules than there are cells. Hypotonic Solutions Three terms—hypotonic, isotonic, and hypertonic—are used to relate the osmolarity of a cell to the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid that contains the cells. In a hypotonic situation, the extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell, and water enters the cell. (In living systems, the point of reference is always the cytoplasm, so the prefix hypo- means that the extracellular fluid has a lower concentration of solutes, or a lower osmolarity, than the cell cytoplasm. ) It also means that the extracellular fluid has a higher concentration of water in the solution than does the cell. In this situation, water will follow its concentration gradient and enter the cell. Hypertonic Solutions As for a hypertonic solution, the prefix hyper- refers to the extracellular fluid having a higher osmolarity than the cell’s cytoplasm; therefore, the fluid contains less water than the cell does. Because the cell has a relatively higher concentration of water, water will leave the cell. Isotonic Solutions In an isotonic solution, the extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell. If the osmolarity of the cell matches that of the extracellular fluid, there will be no net movement of water into or out of the cell, although water will still move in and out. Blood cells and plant cells in hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions take on characteristic appearances (Figure 5.12).
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The process where eroded material is dropped somewhere is called?\nA. diffusion, B. deposition, C. maturation, D. diffusion\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Erosion and deposition are responsible for many landforms. Erosion is the transport of sediments. Agents of erosion include flowing water, waves, wind, ice, or gravity. Eroded material is eventually dropped somewhere else. This is called deposition .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The process where eroded material is dropped somewhere is called?
A. diffusion, B. deposition, C. maturation, D. diffusion
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Erosion and deposition are responsible for many landforms. Erosion is the transport of sediments. Agents of erosion include flowing water, waves, wind, ice, or gravity. Eroded material is eventually dropped somewhere else. This is called deposition .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What was the first amino acid to be isolated?\nA. histamine, B. asparagine, C. glutathione, D. histon\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The first amino acid to be isolated was asparagine in 1806. It was obtained from protein found in asparagus juice (hence the name). Glycine, the major amino acid found in gelatin, was named for its sweet taste (Greek glykys, meaning “sweet”). In some cases an amino acid found in a protein is actually a derivative of one of the common 20 amino acids (one such derivative is hydroxyproline). The modification occurs after the amino acid has been assembled into a protein.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What was the first amino acid to be isolated?
A. histamine, B. asparagine, C. glutathione, D. histon
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The first amino acid to be isolated was asparagine in 1806. It was obtained from protein found in asparagus juice (hence the name). Glycine, the major amino acid found in gelatin, was named for its sweet taste (Greek glykys, meaning “sweet”). In some cases an amino acid found in a protein is actually a derivative of one of the common 20 amino acids (one such derivative is hydroxyproline). The modification occurs after the amino acid has been assembled into a protein.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where is the food stored before being mixed with the chyme?\nA. fundus of the stomach, B. top of the stomach, C. hemispherical of the stomach, D. histopathology of the stomach\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Chemical Digestion The fundus plays an important role, because it stores both undigested food and gases that are released during the process of chemical digestion. Food may sit in the fundus of the stomach for a while before being mixed with the chyme. While the food is in the fundus, the digestive activities of salivary amylase continue until the food begins mixing with the acidic chyme. Ultimately, mixing waves incorporate this food with the chyme, the acidity of which inactivates salivary amylase and activates lingual lipase. Lingual lipase then begins breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids, and mono- and diglycerides. The breakdown of protein begins in the stomach through the actions of HCl and the enzyme pepsin. During infancy, gastric glands also produce rennin, an enzyme that helps digest milk protein. Its numerous digestive functions notwithstanding, there is only one stomach function necessary to life: the production of intrinsic factor. The intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for both the production of mature red blood cells and normal neurological functioning, cannot occur without intrinsic factor. People who undergo total gastrectomy (stomach removal)—for life-threatening stomach cancer, for example—can survive with minimal digestive dysfunction if they receive vitamin B12 injections. The contents of the stomach are completely emptied into the duodenum within 2 to 4 hours after you eat a meal. Different types of food take different amounts of time to process. Foods heavy in carbohydrates empty fastest, followed by highprotein foods. Meals with a high triglyceride content remain in the stomach the longest. Since enzymes in the small intestine digest fats slowly, food can stay in the stomach for 6 hours or longer when the duodenum is processing fatty chyme. However, note that this is still a fraction of the 24 to 72 hours that full digestion typically takes from start to finish.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where is the food stored before being mixed with the chyme?
A. fundus of the stomach, B. top of the stomach, C. hemispherical of the stomach, D. histopathology of the stomach
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Chemical Digestion The fundus plays an important role, because it stores both undigested food and gases that are released during the process of chemical digestion. Food may sit in the fundus of the stomach for a while before being mixed with the chyme. While the food is in the fundus, the digestive activities of salivary amylase continue until the food begins mixing with the acidic chyme. Ultimately, mixing waves incorporate this food with the chyme, the acidity of which inactivates salivary amylase and activates lingual lipase. Lingual lipase then begins breaking down triglycerides into free fatty acids, and mono- and diglycerides. The breakdown of protein begins in the stomach through the actions of HCl and the enzyme pepsin. During infancy, gastric glands also produce rennin, an enzyme that helps digest milk protein. Its numerous digestive functions notwithstanding, there is only one stomach function necessary to life: the production of intrinsic factor. The intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, which is necessary for both the production of mature red blood cells and normal neurological functioning, cannot occur without intrinsic factor. People who undergo total gastrectomy (stomach removal)—for life-threatening stomach cancer, for example—can survive with minimal digestive dysfunction if they receive vitamin B12 injections. The contents of the stomach are completely emptied into the duodenum within 2 to 4 hours after you eat a meal. Different types of food take different amounts of time to process. Foods heavy in carbohydrates empty fastest, followed by highprotein foods. Meals with a high triglyceride content remain in the stomach the longest. Since enzymes in the small intestine digest fats slowly, food can stay in the stomach for 6 hours or longer when the duodenum is processing fatty chyme. However, note that this is still a fraction of the 24 to 72 hours that full digestion typically takes from start to finish.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of biome or climate might you find very close to the earth's poles, as well as up on high mountains?\nA. desert, B. tropical, C. taiga, D. tundra\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Tundra is found near the poles and up on high mountains.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of biome or climate might you find very close to the earth's poles, as well as up on high mountains?
A. desert, B. tropical, C. taiga, D. tundra
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Tundra is found near the poles and up on high mountains.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of waves travel through the body of a planet?\nA. energy waves, B. vacuum waves, C. gas waves, D. body waves\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Body waves travel through the body of a planet. Surface waves travel along the surface.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of waves travel through the body of a planet?
A. energy waves, B. vacuum waves, C. gas waves, D. body waves
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Body waves travel through the body of a planet. Surface waves travel along the surface.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of energy occurs by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium?\nA. atomic, B. nuclear, C. kinetic, D. microwave\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium. This doesn’t release air pollution or carbon dioxide, but it does produce dangerous radioactive wastes.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of energy occurs by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium?
A. atomic, B. nuclear, C. kinetic, D. microwave
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Nuclear energy is produced by splitting the nuclei of radioactive uranium. This doesn’t release air pollution or carbon dioxide, but it does produce dangerous radioactive wastes.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is what?\nA. atrophied, B. striated, C. tissue, D. cylindrical\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Like skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle is what?
A. atrophied, B. striated, C. tissue, D. cylindrical
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Rising and falling levels of what will result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles?\nA. hormones, B. blood pressure, C. red blood cells, D. oxygen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 43.17 Rising and falling hormone levels result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. (credit: modification of work by Mikael Häggström).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Rising and falling levels of what will result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles?
A. hormones, B. blood pressure, C. red blood cells, D. oxygen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 43.17 Rising and falling hormone levels result in progression of the ovarian and menstrual cycles. (credit: modification of work by Mikael Häggström).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for how much matter is packed into a given space?\nA. mass, B. opacity, C. volume, D. density\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Density is a quantity that expresses how much matter is packed into a given space. The amount of matter is its mass, and the space it takes up is its volume. To calculate the density of an object, then, you would use this formula:.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for how much matter is packed into a given space?
A. mass, B. opacity, C. volume, D. density
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Density is a quantity that expresses how much matter is packed into a given space. The amount of matter is its mass, and the space it takes up is its volume. To calculate the density of an object, then, you would use this formula:.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into what type of energy inside their cells?\nA. chemical energy, B. solar power, C. mechanical energy, D. radiation energy\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy inside their cells.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into what type of energy inside their cells?
A. chemical energy, B. solar power, C. mechanical energy, D. radiation energy
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Phototrophic organisms capture light energy from the sun and convert it into chemical energy inside their cells.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is an animal that picks up pollen on its body and carries it to another flower called?\nA. lizard, B. pollinator, C. rodent, D. fungi\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The showy petals of flowers evolved to help attract pollinators. Wind-blown pollen might land just anywhere and be wasted. A pollinator is an animal that picks up pollen on its body and carries it directly to another flower of the same species. This helps ensure that pollination occurs. Pollinators are usually small animals such as bees, butterflies, and bats. You can see an example in Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is an animal that picks up pollen on its body and carries it to another flower called?
A. lizard, B. pollinator, C. rodent, D. fungi
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The showy petals of flowers evolved to help attract pollinators. Wind-blown pollen might land just anywhere and be wasted. A pollinator is an animal that picks up pollen on its body and carries it directly to another flower of the same species. This helps ensure that pollination occurs. Pollinators are usually small animals such as bees, butterflies, and bats. You can see an example in Figure below .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How many bones make up an adult human skeleton?\nA. 244, B. 186, C. 206, D. 130\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The adult human skeleton includes 206 bones and other tissues. It supports the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and maintains mineral homeostasis.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How many bones make up an adult human skeleton?
A. 244, B. 186, C. 206, D. 130
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The adult human skeleton includes 206 bones and other tissues. It supports the body, protects internal organs, produces blood cells, and maintains mineral homeostasis.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The process in which a sperm unites with an egg is called?\nA. absorption, B. infection, C. migration, D. fertilization\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: This image depicts a true wonder of nature. This tiny human sperm is penetrating a much larger egg. These two cells will unite to become a brand new human being. The process in which they unite is called fertilization.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The process in which a sperm unites with an egg is called?
A. absorption, B. infection, C. migration, D. fertilization
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: This image depicts a true wonder of nature. This tiny human sperm is penetrating a much larger egg. These two cells will unite to become a brand new human being. The process in which they unite is called fertilization.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for the height of the wave?\nA. magnitude, B. frequency, C. amplitude, D. vibration\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: (A) A wave consists of alternation crests and troughs. The wavelength (λ) is defined as the distance between any two consecutive identical points on the waveform. The amplitude is the height of the wave. (B) A wave with a short wavelength (top) has a high frequency because more waves pass a given point in a certain amount of time. A wave with a longer wavelength (bottom) has a lower frequency.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for the height of the wave?
A. magnitude, B. frequency, C. amplitude, D. vibration
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: (A) A wave consists of alternation crests and troughs. The wavelength (λ) is defined as the distance between any two consecutive identical points on the waveform. The amplitude is the height of the wave. (B) A wave with a short wavelength (top) has a high frequency because more waves pass a given point in a certain amount of time. A wave with a longer wavelength (bottom) has a lower frequency.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When a plant has what deficiency, guard cells may lose turgor and close stomata?\nA. air, B. cold, C. light, D. water\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When a plant has what deficiency, guard cells may lose turgor and close stomata?
A. air, B. cold, C. light, D. water
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions called?\nA. Combination, B. mixture, C. mix, D. structure\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions. The substances in a mixture do not combine chemically, so they retain their physical properties.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions called?
A. Combination, B. mixture, C. mix, D. structure
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A mixture is a combination of two or more substances in any proportions. The substances in a mixture do not combine chemically, so they retain their physical properties.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What does subduction of a plate lead to?\nA. bending and volcanism, B. swell and volcanism, C. melting and volcanism, D. pressure and volcanism\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Subduction of a plate leads to melting and volcanism.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What does subduction of a plate lead to?
A. bending and volcanism, B. swell and volcanism, C. melting and volcanism, D. pressure and volcanism
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Subduction of a plate leads to melting and volcanism.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The mixture of gases that surrounds the planet and makes up the atmosphere is known as ________.\nA. energy, B. air, C. fuel, D. vaccum\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the planet. We also call it air. The gases in the atmosphere include nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Along with water vapor, the atmosphere allows life to survive. Without it, Earth would be a harsh, barren world.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The mixture of gases that surrounds the planet and makes up the atmosphere is known as ________.
A. energy, B. air, C. fuel, D. vaccum
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The atmosphere is a mixture of gases that surrounds the planet. We also call it air. The gases in the atmosphere include nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Along with water vapor, the atmosphere allows life to survive. Without it, Earth would be a harsh, barren world.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What system protects the soft organs of the body?\nA. digestive system, B. Cardiovascular system, C. skeletal system, D. nervous system\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The skeletal system protects the soft organs of the body. For example, the skull surrounds and protects the brain. The ribs protect the heart and lungs.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What system protects the soft organs of the body?
A. digestive system, B. Cardiovascular system, C. skeletal system, D. nervous system
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The skeletal system protects the soft organs of the body. For example, the skull surrounds and protects the brain. The ribs protect the heart and lungs.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Before the atmosphere became oxygenated, the planet was subjected to what harmful energy source, meaning the first organisms would have flourished where they were more protected?\nA. conduction, B. evaporation, C. radiation, D. convection\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Before the atmosphere became oxygenated, the planet was subjected to strong radiation; thus, the first organisms would have flourished where they were more protected, such as in ocean depths or beneath the surface of Earth. At this time, too, strong volcanic activity was common on Earth, so it is likely that these first organisms—the first prokaryotes—were adapted to very high temperatures. These are not the typical temperate environments in which most life flourishes today; thus, we can conclude that the first organisms that appeared on Earth likely were able to withstand harsh conditions. Microbial mats may represent the earliest forms of life on Earth, and there is fossil evidence of their presence, starting about 3.5 billion years ago. A microbial mat is a large biofilm, a multi-layered sheet of prokaryotes (Figure 13.3a), including mostly bacteria, but also archaea. Microbial mats are a few centimeters thick, and they typically grow on moist surfaces. Their various types of prokaryotes carry out different metabolic pathways, and for this reason, they reflect various colors. Prokaryotes in a microbial mat are held together by a gummy-like substance that they secrete. The first microbial mats likely obtained their energy from hydrothermal vents. A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in Earth’s surface that releases geothermally heated water. With the evolution of photosynthesis about 3 billion years ago, some prokaryotes in microbial mats came to use a more widely available energy source—sunlight—whereas others were still dependent on chemicals from hydrothermal vents for food.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Before the atmosphere became oxygenated, the planet was subjected to what harmful energy source, meaning the first organisms would have flourished where they were more protected?
A. conduction, B. evaporation, C. radiation, D. convection
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Before the atmosphere became oxygenated, the planet was subjected to strong radiation; thus, the first organisms would have flourished where they were more protected, such as in ocean depths or beneath the surface of Earth. At this time, too, strong volcanic activity was common on Earth, so it is likely that these first organisms—the first prokaryotes—were adapted to very high temperatures. These are not the typical temperate environments in which most life flourishes today; thus, we can conclude that the first organisms that appeared on Earth likely were able to withstand harsh conditions. Microbial mats may represent the earliest forms of life on Earth, and there is fossil evidence of their presence, starting about 3.5 billion years ago. A microbial mat is a large biofilm, a multi-layered sheet of prokaryotes (Figure 13.3a), including mostly bacteria, but also archaea. Microbial mats are a few centimeters thick, and they typically grow on moist surfaces. Their various types of prokaryotes carry out different metabolic pathways, and for this reason, they reflect various colors. Prokaryotes in a microbial mat are held together by a gummy-like substance that they secrete. The first microbial mats likely obtained their energy from hydrothermal vents. A hydrothermal vent is a fissure in Earth’s surface that releases geothermally heated water. With the evolution of photosynthesis about 3 billion years ago, some prokaryotes in microbial mats came to use a more widely available energy source—sunlight—whereas others were still dependent on chemicals from hydrothermal vents for food.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Turbulent sounds, at the onset of blood flow when the cuff pressure becomes sufficiently small are called?\nA. pinworm sounds, B. choanocyte sounds, C. whooping sounds, D. korotkoff sounds\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence Sometimes we can predict if flow will be laminar or turbulent. We know that flow in a very smooth tube or around a smooth, streamlined object will be laminar at low velocity. We also know that at high velocity, even flow in a smooth tube or around a smooth object will experience turbulence. In between, it is more difficult to predict. In fact, at intermediate velocities, flow may oscillate back and forth indefinitely between laminar and turbulent. An occlusion, or narrowing, of an artery, such as shown in Figure 12.17, is likely to cause turbulence because of the irregularity of the blockage, as well as the complexity of blood as a fluid. Turbulence in the circulatory system is noisy and can sometimes be detected with a stethoscope, such as when measuring diastolic pressure in the upper arm’s partially collapsed brachial artery. These turbulent sounds, at the onset of blood flow when the cuff pressure becomes sufficiently small, are called Korotkoff sounds. Aneurysms, or ballooning of arteries, create significant turbulence and can sometimes be detected with a stethoscope. Heart murmurs, consistent with their name, are sounds produced by turbulent flow around damaged and insufficiently closed heart valves. Ultrasound can also be used to detect turbulence as a medical indicator in a process analogous to Doppler-shift radar used to detect storms.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Turbulent sounds, at the onset of blood flow when the cuff pressure becomes sufficiently small are called?
A. pinworm sounds, B. choanocyte sounds, C. whooping sounds, D. korotkoff sounds
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 12.5 The Onset of Turbulence Sometimes we can predict if flow will be laminar or turbulent. We know that flow in a very smooth tube or around a smooth, streamlined object will be laminar at low velocity. We also know that at high velocity, even flow in a smooth tube or around a smooth object will experience turbulence. In between, it is more difficult to predict. In fact, at intermediate velocities, flow may oscillate back and forth indefinitely between laminar and turbulent. An occlusion, or narrowing, of an artery, such as shown in Figure 12.17, is likely to cause turbulence because of the irregularity of the blockage, as well as the complexity of blood as a fluid. Turbulence in the circulatory system is noisy and can sometimes be detected with a stethoscope, such as when measuring diastolic pressure in the upper arm’s partially collapsed brachial artery. These turbulent sounds, at the onset of blood flow when the cuff pressure becomes sufficiently small, are called Korotkoff sounds. Aneurysms, or ballooning of arteries, create significant turbulence and can sometimes be detected with a stethoscope. Heart murmurs, consistent with their name, are sounds produced by turbulent flow around damaged and insufficiently closed heart valves. Ultrasound can also be used to detect turbulence as a medical indicator in a process analogous to Doppler-shift radar used to detect storms.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the simple sugar that living things us to store energy?\nA. chloride, B. brown, C. nicotine, D. glucose\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the simple sugar that living things us to store energy?
A. chloride, B. brown, C. nicotine, D. glucose
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: simple sugar that all living things use to store and transport energy.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment is called what?\nA. occurrences, B. inversions, C. spontaneous mutation, D. volatiles\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Inversions are reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment is called what?
A. occurrences, B. inversions, C. spontaneous mutation, D. volatiles
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Inversions are reversing the orientation of a chromosomal segment.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What does the clitellum secrete, while the sperm received are stored temporarily?\nA. amoeba of mucus, B. pathogen of mucus, C. discharge of mucus, D. cocoon of mucus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What does the clitellum secrete, while the sperm received are stored temporarily?
A. amoeba of mucus, B. pathogen of mucus, C. discharge of mucus, D. cocoon of mucus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What forms when water vapor condenses around particles in the air?\nA. wind, B. clouds, C. storms, D. humididty\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Clouds form when water vapor condenses around particles in the air. The particles are specks of matter, such as dust or smoke. Billions of these tiny water droplets come together to make up a cloud. If the air is very cold, ice crystals form instead of liquid water.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What forms when water vapor condenses around particles in the air?
A. wind, B. clouds, C. storms, D. humididty
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Clouds form when water vapor condenses around particles in the air. The particles are specks of matter, such as dust or smoke. Billions of these tiny water droplets come together to make up a cloud. If the air is very cold, ice crystals form instead of liquid water.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The cycle of copper reacting is a good example of what principle?\nA. conservation of momentum, B. conservation of mass, C. conservation of energy, D. law of inertia\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A series of chemical reactions where an initial amount of copper reacts with nitric acid, goes into solution, and disappears. Then a series of reactions proceed, only to have the copper metal recovered. The copper cycle is a good illustration of how mass is conserved in a given chemical reaction.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The cycle of copper reacting is a good example of what principle?
A. conservation of momentum, B. conservation of mass, C. conservation of energy, D. law of inertia
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A series of chemical reactions where an initial amount of copper reacts with nitric acid, goes into solution, and disappears. Then a series of reactions proceed, only to have the copper metal recovered. The copper cycle is a good illustration of how mass is conserved in a given chemical reaction.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: A ramp is an example of what?\nA. level plane, B. inclined plane, C. change plane, D. move plane\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A ramp like the one in the Figure below is another example of an inclined plane. Inclined planes make it easier to move objects to a higher elevation. The sloping surface of the inclined plane supports part of the weight of the object as it moves up the slope. As a result, it takes less force to move the object uphill. The trade-off is that the object must be moved over a greater distance than if it were moved straight up to the higher elevation. You can see several other examples of inclined planes at this URL:.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: A ramp is an example of what?
A. level plane, B. inclined plane, C. change plane, D. move plane
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A ramp like the one in the Figure below is another example of an inclined plane. Inclined planes make it easier to move objects to a higher elevation. The sloping surface of the inclined plane supports part of the weight of the object as it moves up the slope. As a result, it takes less force to move the object uphill. The trade-off is that the object must be moved over a greater distance than if it were moved straight up to the higher elevation. You can see several other examples of inclined planes at this URL:.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of muscle is responsible for hollow organs contracting?\nA. tough muscle, B. rough muscle, C. micro muscle, D. smooth muscle\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Smooth muscles and cardiac muscles are not attached to bone. Recall that these types of muscles are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, or the uterus. Like skeletal muscles, smooth muscle fibers do contract together, causing the muscle to shorten. Smooth muscles have numerous functions, including the following.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of muscle is responsible for hollow organs contracting?
A. tough muscle, B. rough muscle, C. micro muscle, D. smooth muscle
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Smooth muscles and cardiac muscles are not attached to bone. Recall that these types of muscles are under involuntary control. Smooth muscle is responsible for the contractility of hollow organs, such as blood vessels, the gastrointestinal tract, the bladder, or the uterus. Like skeletal muscles, smooth muscle fibers do contract together, causing the muscle to shorten. Smooth muscles have numerous functions, including the following.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In vascular plants, do primary roots grow downward or to the side?\nA. it depends, B. neither, C. downward, D. to the side\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Roots are important organs in all vascular plants. Most vascular plants have two types of roots: primary roots that grow downward and secondary roots that branch out to the side. Together, all the roots of a plant make up a root system .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In vascular plants, do primary roots grow downward or to the side?
A. it depends, B. neither, C. downward, D. to the side
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Roots are important organs in all vascular plants. Most vascular plants have two types of roots: primary roots that grow downward and secondary roots that branch out to the side. Together, all the roots of a plant make up a root system .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of light has shorter wavelengths than visible light and has enough energy to kill bacteria?\nA. reflected light, B. ultraviolet, C. infrared, D. luminescence\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Mid-wavelength electromagnetic waves are called light. Light consists of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light. Humans can see only visible light. Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light and is perceived as warmth. Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths than visible light and has enough energy to kill bacteria. It can also harm the skin.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of light has shorter wavelengths than visible light and has enough energy to kill bacteria?
A. reflected light, B. ultraviolet, C. infrared, D. luminescence
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Mid-wavelength electromagnetic waves are called light. Light consists of visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light. Humans can see only visible light. Infrared light has longer wavelengths than visible light and is perceived as warmth. Ultraviolet light has shorter wavelengths than visible light and has enough energy to kill bacteria. It can also harm the skin.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What characteristic of the endothelium structure minimizes resistance to the flow of blood?\nA. smooth surface, B. transition surface, C. uneven surface, D. liquid surface\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What characteristic of the endothelium structure minimizes resistance to the flow of blood?
A. smooth surface, B. transition surface, C. uneven surface, D. liquid surface
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge?\nA. hot bonds, B. polar bonds, C. geologic bonds, D. ionic bonds\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Polar bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge?
A. hot bonds, B. polar bonds, C. geologic bonds, D. ionic bonds
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Polar bonds contain atoms that possess either a partial positive or a partial negative charge.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The body contains how many types of muscle tissue?\nA. two, B. three, C. seven, D. four\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: 38.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeleton muscle tissue is composed of sarcomeres, the functional units of muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs when sarcomeres shorten, as thick and thin filaments slide past each other, which is called the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. ATP provides the energy for cross-bridge formation and filament sliding. Regulatory proteins, such as troponin and tropomyosin, control cross-bridge formation. Excitation–contraction coupling transduces the electrical signal of the neuron, via acetylcholine, to an electrical signal on the muscle membrane, which initiates force production. The number of muscle fibers contracting determines how much force the whole muscle produces.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The body contains how many types of muscle tissue?
A. two, B. three, C. seven, D. four
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: 38.4 Muscle Contraction and Locomotion The body contains three types of muscle tissue: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeleton muscle tissue is composed of sarcomeres, the functional units of muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs when sarcomeres shorten, as thick and thin filaments slide past each other, which is called the sliding filament model of muscle contraction. ATP provides the energy for cross-bridge formation and filament sliding. Regulatory proteins, such as troponin and tropomyosin, control cross-bridge formation. Excitation–contraction coupling transduces the electrical signal of the neuron, via acetylcholine, to an electrical signal on the muscle membrane, which initiates force production. The number of muscle fibers contracting determines how much force the whole muscle produces.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The eyes of all vertebrates possess a single one of these structures?\nA. stalk, B. sty, C. vessel, D. lens\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The eyes of all vertebrates possess a single one of these structures?
A. stalk, B. sty, C. vessel, D. lens
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The final stage of labor is delivery of the what?\nA. umbilical cord, B. uterus, C. placenta, D. embryo\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The final stage of labor is delivery of the what?
A. umbilical cord, B. uterus, C. placenta, D. embryo
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: All proteins are made of monomers called what?\nA. aminotides, B. peptides, C. amino acids, D. monotides\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Proteins are molecules that have many different functions in living things. All proteins are made of monomers called amino acids ( Figure below ) that connect together like beads on a necklace ( Figure below ). There are only 20 common amino acids needed to build proteins. These amino acids form in thousands of different combinations, making about 100,000 or more unique proteins in humans. Proteins can differ in both the number and order of amino acids. It is the number and order of amino acids that determines the shape of the protein, and it is the shape (structure) of the protein that determines the unique function of the protein. Small proteins have just a few hundred amino acids. The largest proteins have more than 25,000 amino acids.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: All proteins are made of monomers called what?
A. aminotides, B. peptides, C. amino acids, D. monotides
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Proteins are molecules that have many different functions in living things. All proteins are made of monomers called amino acids ( Figure below ) that connect together like beads on a necklace ( Figure below ). There are only 20 common amino acids needed to build proteins. These amino acids form in thousands of different combinations, making about 100,000 or more unique proteins in humans. Proteins can differ in both the number and order of amino acids. It is the number and order of amino acids that determines the shape of the protein, and it is the shape (structure) of the protein that determines the unique function of the protein. Small proteins have just a few hundred amino acids. The largest proteins have more than 25,000 amino acids.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What system consists of all the muscles of the body?\nA. digestive, B. vascular, C. endocrine, D. muscular\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The muscular system consists of all the muscles of the body. Does the word muscle make you think of the bulging biceps of a weightlifter, like the man in Figure below ? Muscles such as biceps that move the body are easy to feel and see, but they aren’t the only muscles in the human body. Many muscles are deep within the body. They form the walls of internal organs such as the heart and stomach. You can flex your biceps like a body builder but you cannot control the muscles inside you. It’s a good thing that they work on their own without any conscious effort your part, because movement of these muscles is essential for survival.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What system consists of all the muscles of the body?
A. digestive, B. vascular, C. endocrine, D. muscular
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The muscular system consists of all the muscles of the body. Does the word muscle make you think of the bulging biceps of a weightlifter, like the man in Figure below ? Muscles such as biceps that move the body are easy to feel and see, but they aren’t the only muscles in the human body. Many muscles are deep within the body. They form the walls of internal organs such as the heart and stomach. You can flex your biceps like a body builder but you cannot control the muscles inside you. It’s a good thing that they work on their own without any conscious effort your part, because movement of these muscles is essential for survival.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs are two basic types of what?\nA. consumers, B. plants, C. decomposers, D. autotrophs\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Producers are organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms. They use energy and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds. The stability of producers is vital to ecosystems because all organisms need organic molecules. Producers are also called autotrophs . There are two basic types of autotrophs: photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs are two basic types of what?
A. consumers, B. plants, C. decomposers, D. autotrophs
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Producers are organisms that produce food for themselves and other organisms. They use energy and simple inorganic molecules to make organic compounds. The stability of producers is vital to ecosystems because all organisms need organic molecules. Producers are also called autotrophs . There are two basic types of autotrophs: photoautotrophs and chemoautotrophs.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few of?\nA. genes, B. blood cells, C. lesions, D. organs\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few of?
A. genes, B. blood cells, C. lesions, D. organs
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Many genetic disorders are caused by mutations in one or a few genes.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as what?\nA. functional stimuli, B. neural stimuli, C. brain stimuli, D. active stimuli\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Neural Stimuli In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as neural stimuli. Recall that in a short-term stress response, the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are important for.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as what?
A. functional stimuli, B. neural stimuli, C. brain stimuli, D. active stimuli
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Neural Stimuli In some cases, the nervous system directly stimulates endocrine glands to release hormones, which is referred to as neural stimuli. Recall that in a short-term stress response, the hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine are important for.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of reproduction results in offspring that are generally all genetically different?\nA. perceptual, B. sexual, C. asexual, D. individual\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sexual reproduction is typically slower. However, it also has an advantage. Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are all genetically different. This can be a big plus for a species. The variation may help it adapt to changes in the environment.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of reproduction results in offspring that are generally all genetically different?
A. perceptual, B. sexual, C. asexual, D. individual
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sexual reproduction is typically slower. However, it also has an advantage. Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are all genetically different. This can be a big plus for a species. The variation may help it adapt to changes in the environment.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose?\nA. Speed, B. Force, C. energy, D. Mass\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave that can travel across space as well as through matter. When it travels through space, it doesn’t lose energy to a medium as a mechanical wave does.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When traveling through space what do mechanical waves lose?
A. Speed, B. Force, C. energy, D. Mass
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An electromagnetic wave is a transverse wave that can travel across space as well as through matter. When it travels through space, it doesn’t lose energy to a medium as a mechanical wave does.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How many types of major tissues do modern plants have?\nA. seven, B. four, C. two, D. three\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A tissue is a group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function. Modern plants have three major types of tissues. They're called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How many types of major tissues do modern plants have?
A. seven, B. four, C. two, D. three
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A tissue is a group of specialized cells of the same kind that perform the same function. Modern plants have three major types of tissues. They're called dermal, ground, and vascular tissues.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How does a reduced sweating ability affect elderly people?\nA. less energy, B. extreme heat intolerance, C. extreme tiredness, D. loss of mental ability\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The accessory structures also have lowered activity, generating thinner hair and nails, and reduced amounts of sebum and sweat. A reduced sweating ability can cause some elderly to be intolerant to extreme heat. Other cells in the skin, such as melanocytes and dendritic cells, also become less active, leading to a paler skin tone and lowered immunity. Wrinkling of the skin occurs due to breakdown of its structure, which results from decreased collagen and elastin production in the dermis, weakening of muscles lying under the skin, and the inability of the skin to retain adequate moisture. Many anti-aging products can be found in stores today. In general, these products try to rehydrate the skin and thereby fill out the wrinkles, and some stimulate skin growth using hormones and growth factors. Additionally, invasive techniques include collagen injections to plump the tissue and injections of BOTOX® (the name brand of the botulinum neurotoxin) that paralyze the muscles that crease the skin and cause wrinkling.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How does a reduced sweating ability affect elderly people?
A. less energy, B. extreme heat intolerance, C. extreme tiredness, D. loss of mental ability
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The accessory structures also have lowered activity, generating thinner hair and nails, and reduced amounts of sebum and sweat. A reduced sweating ability can cause some elderly to be intolerant to extreme heat. Other cells in the skin, such as melanocytes and dendritic cells, also become less active, leading to a paler skin tone and lowered immunity. Wrinkling of the skin occurs due to breakdown of its structure, which results from decreased collagen and elastin production in the dermis, weakening of muscles lying under the skin, and the inability of the skin to retain adequate moisture. Many anti-aging products can be found in stores today. In general, these products try to rehydrate the skin and thereby fill out the wrinkles, and some stimulate skin growth using hormones and growth factors. Additionally, invasive techniques include collagen injections to plump the tissue and injections of BOTOX® (the name brand of the botulinum neurotoxin) that paralyze the muscles that crease the skin and cause wrinkling.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What substance do developing seeds produce which promotes fruit growth?\nA. auxin, B. pepsin, C. xenon, D. interferon\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What substance do developing seeds produce which promotes fruit growth?
A. auxin, B. pepsin, C. xenon, D. interferon
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Different clouds are associated with different types of what?\nA. magnetic fields, B. weather conditions, C. biomes, D. zodiac signs\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Different clouds are associated with different types of what?
A. magnetic fields, B. weather conditions, C. biomes, D. zodiac signs
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The testes produce sperm and secrete what?\nA. testosterone, B. thyroxine, C. estrogen, D. melanin\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The testes produce sperm and secrete testosterone.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The testes produce sperm and secrete what?
A. testosterone, B. thyroxine, C. estrogen, D. melanin
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The testes produce sperm and secrete testosterone.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to which kind of energy?\nA. evaporation, B. erosion, C. thermal, D. hydro\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Discussion for (a) This value is the net work done on the package. The person actually does more work than this, because friction opposes the motion. Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to thermal energy. The net work equals the sum of the work done by each individual force. Strategy and Concept for (b) The forces acting on the package are gravity, the normal force, the force of friction, and the applied force. The normal force and force of gravity are each perpendicular to the displacement, and therefore do no work. Solution for (b) The applied force does work.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to which kind of energy?
A. evaporation, B. erosion, C. thermal, D. hydro
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Discussion for (a) This value is the net work done on the package. The person actually does more work than this, because friction opposes the motion. Friction does negative work and removes some of the energy the person expends and converts it to thermal energy. The net work equals the sum of the work done by each individual force. Strategy and Concept for (b) The forces acting on the package are gravity, the normal force, the force of friction, and the applied force. The normal force and force of gravity are each perpendicular to the displacement, and therefore do no work. Solution for (b) The applied force does work.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time?\nA. substantial evolution, B. macroevolution, C. Microevolution, D. developmental evolution\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time? The answer is macroevolution. An example is the evolution of a new species.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time?
A. substantial evolution, B. macroevolution, C. Microevolution, D. developmental evolution
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: What happens when forces of evolution work over a long period of time? The answer is macroevolution. An example is the evolution of a new species.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What measurement is used to describe the amount of water vapor in the air?\nA. precipitation, B. heat, C. barometric pressure, D. humidity\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor in the air relative to the total amount the air can hold. The total amount depends on temperature.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What measurement is used to describe the amount of water vapor in the air?
A. precipitation, B. heat, C. barometric pressure, D. humidity
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air. Relative humidity is the percent of water vapor in the air relative to the total amount the air can hold. The total amount depends on temperature.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called what?\nA. pus, B. synovial fluid, C. ear wax, D. sebum\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum . Sebum is secreted into hair follicles and makes its way to the skin surface. It waterproofs the hair and skin and helps prevent them from drying out. Sebum also has antibacterial properties, so it inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called what?
A. pus, B. synovial fluid, C. ear wax, D. sebum
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sebaceous glands produce an oily substance called sebum . Sebum is secreted into hair follicles and makes its way to the skin surface. It waterproofs the hair and skin and helps prevent them from drying out. Sebum also has antibacterial properties, so it inhibits the growth of microorganisms on the skin.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In what kind of a series does the genetic code work?\nA. four-letter codes, B. three-letter codes, C. universal codes, D. nine letter-codes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The genetic code works as a series of three-letter codes. Each sequence of three letters, called a triplet, corresponds to one of the twenty common amino acids. The triplets are read by the cell, one after the other, in the process of protein synthesis. The Table below shows all of the possible triplets and the amino acids that result from each three-letter code.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In what kind of a series does the genetic code work?
A. four-letter codes, B. three-letter codes, C. universal codes, D. nine letter-codes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The genetic code works as a series of three-letter codes. Each sequence of three letters, called a triplet, corresponds to one of the twenty common amino acids. The triplets are read by the cell, one after the other, in the process of protein synthesis. The Table below shows all of the possible triplets and the amino acids that result from each three-letter code.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Free-flowing electrons enable what materials to conduct electricity and heat very well?\nA. acids, B. metals, C. noble gases, D. alloys\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: This model for metallic bonding explains some of the physical properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity and heat very well because of their free-flowing electrons. As electrons enter one end of a piece of metal, an equal number of electrons flow outward from the other end, allowing an electrical current to pass through the material with minimal resistance. Additionally, because the electron \"glue\" that holds the metal atoms together is very easy to deform and reshape, bulk metals can be easily hammered, bent, and pulled without breaking apart.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Free-flowing electrons enable what materials to conduct electricity and heat very well?
A. acids, B. metals, C. noble gases, D. alloys
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: This model for metallic bonding explains some of the physical properties of metals. Metals conduct electricity and heat very well because of their free-flowing electrons. As electrons enter one end of a piece of metal, an equal number of electrons flow outward from the other end, allowing an electrical current to pass through the material with minimal resistance. Additionally, because the electron "glue" that holds the metal atoms together is very easy to deform and reshape, bulk metals can be easily hammered, bent, and pulled without breaking apart.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the difference in voltage across a resistor or other electrical devices called?\nA. volt effect, B. voltage drop, C. falling voltage, D. power drop\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The name electric current is the name given to the phenomenon that occurs when an electric field moves down a wire at close to the speed of light. Voltage is the electrical energy density that causes the electric current. Resistance is the amount a device in the wire resists the flow of current by converting electrical energy into other forms of energy. A device, the resistor, could be a light bulb, transferring electrical energy into heat and light or an electric motor that converts electric energy into mechanical energy. The difference in Voltage across a resistor or other electrical device is called the voltage drop.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the difference in voltage across a resistor or other electrical devices called?
A. volt effect, B. voltage drop, C. falling voltage, D. power drop
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The name electric current is the name given to the phenomenon that occurs when an electric field moves down a wire at close to the speed of light. Voltage is the electrical energy density that causes the electric current. Resistance is the amount a device in the wire resists the flow of current by converting electrical energy into other forms of energy. A device, the resistor, could be a light bulb, transferring electrical energy into heat and light or an electric motor that converts electric energy into mechanical energy. The difference in Voltage across a resistor or other electrical device is called the voltage drop.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the science that describes the ancestral and descendant connections between organisms?\nA. polygamy, B. experimentally, C. phylogeny, D. organic science\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Building Phylogenetic Trees with Analysis of DNA Sequence Alignments All living organisms display patterns of relationships derived from their evolutionary history. Phylogeny is the science that describes the relative connections between organisms, in terms of ancestral and descendant species. Phylogenetic trees, such as the plant evolutionary history shown in Figure 26.7, are tree-like branching diagrams that depict these relationships. Species are found at the tips of the branches. Each branching point, called a node, is the point at which a single taxonomic group (taxon), such as a species, separates into two or more species.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the science that describes the ancestral and descendant connections between organisms?
A. polygamy, B. experimentally, C. phylogeny, D. organic science
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Building Phylogenetic Trees with Analysis of DNA Sequence Alignments All living organisms display patterns of relationships derived from their evolutionary history. Phylogeny is the science that describes the relative connections between organisms, in terms of ancestral and descendant species. Phylogenetic trees, such as the plant evolutionary history shown in Figure 26.7, are tree-like branching diagrams that depict these relationships. Species are found at the tips of the branches. Each branching point, called a node, is the point at which a single taxonomic group (taxon), such as a species, separates into two or more species.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: According to collision theory, particles that lack what kind of energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged?\nA. elastic energy, B. viscosity energy, C. kinetic energy, D. residual energy\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The behavior of the atoms, molecules, or ions that comprise the reactants is responsible for the rates of a given chemical reaction. Collision theory is a set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation. Particles that lack the necessary kinetic energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged. The figure below illustrates the difference. In the first collision, the particles bounce off one another and no rearrangement of atoms has occurred. The second collision occurs with greater kinetic energy, and so the bond between the two red atoms breaks. One red atom bonds with the other molecule as one product, while the single red atom is the other product. The first collision is called an ineffective collision , while the second collision is called an effective collision .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: According to collision theory, particles that lack what kind of energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged?
A. elastic energy, B. viscosity energy, C. kinetic energy, D. residual energy
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The behavior of the atoms, molecules, or ions that comprise the reactants is responsible for the rates of a given chemical reaction. Collision theory is a set of principles that states that the reacting particles can form products when they collide with one another provided those collisions have enough kinetic energy and the correct orientation. Particles that lack the necessary kinetic energy may collide, but the particles will simply bounce off one another unchanged. The figure below illustrates the difference. In the first collision, the particles bounce off one another and no rearrangement of atoms has occurred. The second collision occurs with greater kinetic energy, and so the bond between the two red atoms breaks. One red atom bonds with the other molecule as one product, while the single red atom is the other product. The first collision is called an ineffective collision , while the second collision is called an effective collision .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Muscles that move what long bone originate on the pelvic girdle?\nA. femur, B. sacrum, C. patella, D. tibia\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Femur Most muscles that insert on the femur (the thigh bone) and move it, originate on the pelvic girdle. The psoas major and iliacus make up the iliopsoas group. Some of the largest and most powerful muscles in the body are the gluteal muscles or gluteal group. The gluteus maximus is the largest; deep to the gluteus maximus is the gluteus medius, and deep to the gluteus medius is the gluteus minimus, the smallest of the trio (Figure 11.29 and Figure 11.30).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Muscles that move what long bone originate on the pelvic girdle?
A. femur, B. sacrum, C. patella, D. tibia
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Gluteal Region Muscles That Move the Femur Most muscles that insert on the femur (the thigh bone) and move it, originate on the pelvic girdle. The psoas major and iliacus make up the iliopsoas group. Some of the largest and most powerful muscles in the body are the gluteal muscles or gluteal group. The gluteus maximus is the largest; deep to the gluteus maximus is the gluteus medius, and deep to the gluteus medius is the gluteus minimus, the smallest of the trio (Figure 11.29 and Figure 11.30).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In an atom, what is determined by electron distribution in shells?\nA. ionic bonds, B. covalence, C. chemical behavior, D. electromagnetism\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In an atom, what is determined by electron distribution in shells?
A. ionic bonds, B. covalence, C. chemical behavior, D. electromagnetism
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term is defined as a way of writing very large or small numbers that uses exponents?\nA. scientific notation, B. quadratic notation, C. exponential notation, D. certain notation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Quantities in science may be very large or very small. This usually requires many zeroes to the left or right of the decimal point. Such numbers can be hard to read and write accurately. That’s where scientific notation comes in. Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in this format:.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term is defined as a way of writing very large or small numbers that uses exponents?
A. scientific notation, B. quadratic notation, C. exponential notation, D. certain notation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Quantities in science may be very large or very small. This usually requires many zeroes to the left or right of the decimal point. Such numbers can be hard to read and write accurately. That’s where scientific notation comes in. Scientific notation is a way of writing very large or small numbers that uses exponents. Numbers are written in this format:.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Electrons are always added to which energy level first?\nA. the major, B. the highest, C. the second, D. the lowest\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Electrons are always added to the lowest energy level first until it has the maximum number of electrons possible, and then electrons are added to the next higher energy level until that level is full, and so on. The maximum number of electrons at a given energy level depends on its number of orbitals. There are at most two electrons per orbital.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Electrons are always added to which energy level first?
A. the major, B. the highest, C. the second, D. the lowest
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Electrons are always added to the lowest energy level first until it has the maximum number of electrons possible, and then electrons are added to the next higher energy level until that level is full, and so on. The maximum number of electrons at a given energy level depends on its number of orbitals. There are at most two electrons per orbital.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of symmetry do echinoderms show?\nA. parallel, B. mirrored, C. lateral, D. radial\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: As mentioned earlier, echinoderms show radial symmetry. Other key echinoderm features include an internal skeleton and spines, as well as a few organs and organ systems. Although echinoderms look like they have a hard exterior, they do not have an external skeleton. Instead, a thin outer skin covers an internal skeleton made of tiny plates and spines. This provides rigid support. Some groups of echinoderms, such as sea urchins ( Figure below ), have spines that protect the organism. Sea cucumbers use these spines to help them move.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of symmetry do echinoderms show?
A. parallel, B. mirrored, C. lateral, D. radial
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: As mentioned earlier, echinoderms show radial symmetry. Other key echinoderm features include an internal skeleton and spines, as well as a few organs and organ systems. Although echinoderms look like they have a hard exterior, they do not have an external skeleton. Instead, a thin outer skin covers an internal skeleton made of tiny plates and spines. This provides rigid support. Some groups of echinoderms, such as sea urchins ( Figure below ), have spines that protect the organism. Sea cucumbers use these spines to help them move.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Nails cover the tips of what?\nA. fingers and toes, B. ribs and nerves, C. fingers and lips, D. lips and teeth\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Nails are similar to claws in other animals. They cover the tips of fingers and toes. Fingernails and toenails both grow from nail beds. As the nail grows, more cells are added at the nail bed. Older cells get pushed away from the nail bed and the nail grows longer. There are no nerve endings in the nail. Otherwise cutting your nails would hurt a lot!.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Nails cover the tips of what?
A. fingers and toes, B. ribs and nerves, C. fingers and lips, D. lips and teeth
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Nails are similar to claws in other animals. They cover the tips of fingers and toes. Fingernails and toenails both grow from nail beds. As the nail grows, more cells are added at the nail bed. Older cells get pushed away from the nail bed and the nail grows longer. There are no nerve endings in the nail. Otherwise cutting your nails would hurt a lot!.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which carrier molecule becomes less effective at binding oxygen as temperature increases?\nA. hydrogen, B. helium, C. water, D. hemoglobin\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which carrier molecule becomes less effective at binding oxygen as temperature increases?
A. hydrogen, B. helium, C. water, D. hemoglobin
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is found at the top of the stamen?\nA. pistil, B. petals, C. pollen, D. fungi\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The next structure is the stamen , consisting of the stalk-like filament that holds up the anther , or pollen sac. The pollen, which is found at the top of the stamen, is the male gametophyte.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is found at the top of the stamen?
A. pistil, B. petals, C. pollen, D. fungi
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The next structure is the stamen , consisting of the stalk-like filament that holds up the anther , or pollen sac. The pollen, which is found at the top of the stamen, is the male gametophyte.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What field of study is called the language of science?\nA. logic, B. mathematics, C. physics, D. linguistics\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interactions between matter and energy. Chemistry, as defined previously, is the study of the interactions of matter with other matter and with energy. Biology is the study of living organisms, while geology is the study of the earth. Other sciences can be named as well. Understand that these fields are not always completely separate; the boundaries between scientific fields are not always readily apparent. Therefore, a scientist may be labeled a biochemist if he or she studies the chemistry of biological organisms. Finally, understand that science can be either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative implies a description of the quality of an object. For example, physical properties are generally qualitative descriptions: sulfur is yellow, your math book is heavy, or that statue is pretty. A quantitative description represents the specific amount of something; it means knowing how much of something is present, usually by counting or measuring it. As such, some quantitative descriptions would include 25 students in a class, 650 pages in a book, or a velocity of 66 miles per hour. Quantitative expressions are very important in science; they are also very important in chemistry.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What field of study is called the language of science?
A. logic, B. mathematics, C. physics, D. linguistics
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The field of science has gotten so big that it is common to separate it into more specific fields. First, there is mathematics, the language of science. All scientific fields use mathematics to express themselves—some more than others. Physics and astronomy are scientific fields concerned with the fundamental interactions between matter and energy. Chemistry, as defined previously, is the study of the interactions of matter with other matter and with energy. Biology is the study of living organisms, while geology is the study of the earth. Other sciences can be named as well. Understand that these fields are not always completely separate; the boundaries between scientific fields are not always readily apparent. Therefore, a scientist may be labeled a biochemist if he or she studies the chemistry of biological organisms. Finally, understand that science can be either qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative implies a description of the quality of an object. For example, physical properties are generally qualitative descriptions: sulfur is yellow, your math book is heavy, or that statue is pretty. A quantitative description represents the specific amount of something; it means knowing how much of something is present, usually by counting or measuring it. As such, some quantitative descriptions would include 25 students in a class, 650 pages in a book, or a velocity of 66 miles per hour. Quantitative expressions are very important in science; they are also very important in chemistry.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen?\nA. cuticle, B. membrane, C. cartilage, D. muscle\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen. It covers the ends of bones where they meet. The gray tissue in Figure below is cartilage.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen?
A. cuticle, B. membrane, C. cartilage, D. muscle
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Cartilage is a tough, flexible connective tissue that contains the protein collagen. It covers the ends of bones where they meet. The gray tissue in Figure below is cartilage.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Liquid water changing to water vapor is called?\nA. evaporation, B. oxidation, C. transpiration, D. respiration\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Liquid water changing to water vapor is called?
A. evaporation, B. oxidation, C. transpiration, D. respiration
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is used to prevent some infectious diseases?\nA. pathogens, B. vaccines, C. radiation, D. pesticides\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Vaccines are available for some infectious diseases. For example, there are vaccines to prevent measles, mumps, whooping cough, and chicken pox. These vaccines are recommended for infants and young children.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is used to prevent some infectious diseases?
A. pathogens, B. vaccines, C. radiation, D. pesticides
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Vaccines are available for some infectious diseases. For example, there are vaccines to prevent measles, mumps, whooping cough, and chicken pox. These vaccines are recommended for infants and young children.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The change in the characteristics of living things over time is known as _________\nA. evolution, B. spontaneous mutation, C. variation, D. generation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Evolution is a change in the characteristics of living things over time. Evolution occurs by a process called natural selection. In natural selection, some living things produce more offspring than others, so they pass more genes to the next generation than others do. Over many generations, this can lead to major changes in the characteristics of living things. Evolution explains how living things are changing today and how modern living things have descended from ancient life forms that no longer exist on Earth.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The change in the characteristics of living things over time is known as _________
A. evolution, B. spontaneous mutation, C. variation, D. generation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Evolution is a change in the characteristics of living things over time. Evolution occurs by a process called natural selection. In natural selection, some living things produce more offspring than others, so they pass more genes to the next generation than others do. Over many generations, this can lead to major changes in the characteristics of living things. Evolution explains how living things are changing today and how modern living things have descended from ancient life forms that no longer exist on Earth.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What provides building materials for the body?\nA. food, B. energy, C. heat, D. water\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Food provides building materials for the body. The body needs building materials for growth and repair.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What provides building materials for the body?
A. food, B. energy, C. heat, D. water
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Food provides building materials for the body. The body needs building materials for growth and repair.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for animals that eat producers to get energy?\nA. carnivores, B. predators, C. secondary consumers, D. herbivores\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Herbivores are animals that eat producers to get energy. For example, rabbits and deer are herbivores that eat plants. The caterpillar pictured below ( Figure below ) is a herbivore. Animals that eat phytoplankton in aquatic environments are also herbivores.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for animals that eat producers to get energy?
A. carnivores, B. predators, C. secondary consumers, D. herbivores
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Herbivores are animals that eat producers to get energy. For example, rabbits and deer are herbivores that eat plants. The caterpillar pictured below ( Figure below ) is a herbivore. Animals that eat phytoplankton in aquatic environments are also herbivores.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are?\nA. blurry, B. invisible, C. darker, D. inverted\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal. This causes images to be focused in back of the retina. Hyperopia can be corrected with convex lenses. The lenses focus images farther forward in the eye, so they are on the retina instead of behind it.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are?
A. blurry, B. invisible, C. darker, D. inverted
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Farsightedness, or hyperopia, is the condition in which distant objects are seen clearly, but nearby objects are blurry. It occurs when the eyeball is shorter than normal. This causes images to be focused in back of the retina. Hyperopia can be corrected with convex lenses. The lenses focus images farther forward in the eye, so they are on the retina instead of behind it.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
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