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[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What year did the soho spacecraft first started to operate?\nA. 1987, B. 1996, C. 2012, D. 2006\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Humans have sent spacecraft up to study our star. The SOHO spacecraft has been in operation since 1996. The craft orbits the Sun in step with Earth but closer to it. SOHO has sent back amazing images. Onboard instruments have also sent back mountains of data. The data is mostly about the Sun's outer layers.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What year did the soho spacecraft first started to operate?
A. 1987, B. 1996, C. 2012, D. 2006
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Humans have sent spacecraft up to study our star. The SOHO spacecraft has been in operation since 1996. The craft orbits the Sun in step with Earth but closer to it. SOHO has sent back amazing images. Onboard instruments have also sent back mountains of data. The data is mostly about the Sun's outer layers.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Concentration of what, the substance left behind when ocean water evaporates, is about 3.5 percent?\nA. salts, B. quartz, C. sugar, D. hydrogen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Dissolved mineral salts wash into the ocean. As ocean water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. This makes the water saltier. Ocean water is about 3.5 percent salts. The main salt is sodium chloride.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Concentration of what, the substance left behind when ocean water evaporates, is about 3.5 percent?
A. salts, B. quartz, C. sugar, D. hydrogen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Dissolved mineral salts wash into the ocean. As ocean water evaporates, it leaves the salts behind. This makes the water saltier. Ocean water is about 3.5 percent salts. The main salt is sodium chloride.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What has a distinct front and back end?\nA. imipenem sphere, B. volvox sphere, C. hydro sphere, D. heroclix sphere\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The Volvox sphere has a distinct front and back end. The colony of cells can swim in a coordinated fashion. The cells have eyespots, which are more developed in the cells near the front. This enables the colony to swim towards light.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What has a distinct front and back end?
A. imipenem sphere, B. volvox sphere, C. hydro sphere, D. heroclix sphere
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The Volvox sphere has a distinct front and back end. The colony of cells can swim in a coordinated fashion. The cells have eyespots, which are more developed in the cells near the front. This enables the colony to swim towards light.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In how many basic was can substances cross the plasma membrane?\nA. four, B. one, C. two, D. three\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: If a cell were a house, the plasma membrane would be walls with windows and doors. Moving things in and out of the cell is an important role of the plasma membrane. It controls everything that enters and leaves the cell. There are two basic ways that substances can cross the plasma membrane: passive transport and active transport.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In how many basic was can substances cross the plasma membrane?
A. four, B. one, C. two, D. three
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: If a cell were a house, the plasma membrane would be walls with windows and doors. Moving things in and out of the cell is an important role of the plasma membrane. It controls everything that enters and leaves the cell. There are two basic ways that substances can cross the plasma membrane: passive transport and active transport.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of cells have chloroplasts?\nA. simple cells, B. human cells, C. animal cells, D. plant cells\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. Plant cells also have chloroplasts. In addition, plants have specialized reproductive organs. These are structures that produce reproductive cells. Male reproductive organs produce sperm, and female reproductive organs produce eggs. Male and female reproductive organs may be on the same or different plants.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of cells have chloroplasts?
A. simple cells, B. human cells, C. animal cells, D. plant cells
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Plants are multicellular eukaryotes with cell walls made of cellulose. Plant cells also have chloroplasts. In addition, plants have specialized reproductive organs. These are structures that produce reproductive cells. Male reproductive organs produce sperm, and female reproductive organs produce eggs. Male and female reproductive organs may be on the same or different plants.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses?\nA. vaccines, B. spores, C. parasites, D. pathogens\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The body’s first line of defense consists of different types of barriers that keep most pathogens out of the body. Pathogens are disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses. These and other types of pathogens are described in Figure below . Regardless of the type of pathogen, however, the first line of defense is always the same.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses?
A. vaccines, B. spores, C. parasites, D. pathogens
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The body’s first line of defense consists of different types of barriers that keep most pathogens out of the body. Pathogens are disease-causing agents, such as bacteria and viruses. These and other types of pathogens are described in Figure below . Regardless of the type of pathogen, however, the first line of defense is always the same.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: To figure out the height of a wave you measure the distance between the crest and what?\nA. drift, B. core, C. crater, D. trough\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The figure above also shows how the size of waves is measured ( Figure above ). The highest point of a wave is the crest . The lowest point is the trough . The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is the wave height . Wave height is also called amplitude . The horizontal distance between two crests is the wavelength . Both amplitude and wavelength are measures of wave size.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: To figure out the height of a wave you measure the distance between the crest and what?
A. drift, B. core, C. crater, D. trough
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The figure above also shows how the size of waves is measured ( Figure above ). The highest point of a wave is the crest . The lowest point is the trough . The vertical distance between a crest and a trough is the wave height . Wave height is also called amplitude . The horizontal distance between two crests is the wavelength . Both amplitude and wavelength are measures of wave size.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals?\nA. lifespans, B. pathogens, C. elements, D. genetics\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Humans possess greater diversity of what type, compared to laboratory animals?
A. lifespans, B. pathogens, C. elements, D. genetics
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What system can be used by scientists to express very small numbers?\nA. scientific notation, B. certain diffusion, C. similar notation, D. scientific diffusion\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Very small numbers can also be expressed using scientific notation. The mass of an electron in decimal notation is 0.000000000000000000000000000911 grams. In scientific notation, the mass is expressed as 9.11 × 10 -28 g. Notice that the value of the exponent is chosen so that the coefficient is between 1 and 10.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What system can be used by scientists to express very small numbers?
A. scientific notation, B. certain diffusion, C. similar notation, D. scientific diffusion
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Very small numbers can also be expressed using scientific notation. The mass of an electron in decimal notation is 0.000000000000000000000000000911 grams. In scientific notation, the mass is expressed as 9.11 × 10 -28 g. Notice that the value of the exponent is chosen so that the coefficient is between 1 and 10.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: An unknown genotype can be determined by observing what, the term for characteristics of the resulting offspring?\nA. abnormalities, B. phenotypes, C. clusters, D. chromosonal variations\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Consider the following example: Suppose you have a purple and white flower and purple color ( P ) is dominant to white ( p ). The white flower must be homozygous for the recessive allele, but the genotype of the purple flower is unknown. It could be either PP or Pp . A testcross will determine the organism's genotype. The unknown genotype can be determined by observing the phenotypes of the resulting offspring. If crossing the unknown dominant phenotype ( PP or Pp genotype) individual with the recessive phenotype individual produces only dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant. If any recessive phenotypic individuals result from the cross, then the unknown individual must carry the recessive allele, and have the heterozygous genotype.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: An unknown genotype can be determined by observing what, the term for characteristics of the resulting offspring?
A. abnormalities, B. phenotypes, C. clusters, D. chromosonal variations
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Consider the following example: Suppose you have a purple and white flower and purple color ( P ) is dominant to white ( p ). The white flower must be homozygous for the recessive allele, but the genotype of the purple flower is unknown. It could be either PP or Pp . A testcross will determine the organism's genotype. The unknown genotype can be determined by observing the phenotypes of the resulting offspring. If crossing the unknown dominant phenotype ( PP or Pp genotype) individual with the recessive phenotype individual produces only dominant phenotypes (no recessive), then the unknown individual is homozygous dominant. If any recessive phenotypic individuals result from the cross, then the unknown individual must carry the recessive allele, and have the heterozygous genotype.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power are called renewable sources of energy or what other term?\nA. conservative energy, B. alternative energy, C. specific energy, D. mandatory energy\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power are called renewable sources of energy or what other term?
A. conservative energy, B. alternative energy, C. specific energy, D. mandatory energy
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Alternative energy sources include wind power, solar power, hydropower, and geothermal power.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: How much electricity is generated by an average car battery?\nA. six volts, B. twelve volts, C. eight volts, D. ten volts\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The description given above describes the process that occurs in one cell of a lead-acid battery. Because cars require a battery with a higher voltage than can be obtained with a single cell, car batteries generally consist of several cells connected together to produce the desired voltage output. A typical car battery will generate twelve volts of electricity.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: How much electricity is generated by an average car battery?
A. six volts, B. twelve volts, C. eight volts, D. ten volts
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The description given above describes the process that occurs in one cell of a lead-acid battery. Because cars require a battery with a higher voltage than can be obtained with a single cell, car batteries generally consist of several cells connected together to produce the desired voltage output. A typical car battery will generate twelve volts of electricity.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for a cellular \"scaffolding\" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm?\nA. protoskeleton, B. cytoskeleton, C. collagen, D. cellulose\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The cytoskeleton is a cellular \"scaffolding\" or \"skeleton\" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm. All eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, and recent research has shown that prokaryotic cells also have a cytoskeleton. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers and has many functions. It helps to maintain cell shape. It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement. The cytoskeleton also plays important roles in both the intracellular movement of substances and in cell division. Certain proteins act like a path that vesicles and organelles move along within the cell. The threadlike proteins that make up the cytoskeleton continually rebuild to adapt to the cell's constantly changing needs. Three main kinds of cytoskeleton fibers are microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for a cellular "scaffolding" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm?
A. protoskeleton, B. cytoskeleton, C. collagen, D. cellulose
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" that crisscrosses the cytoplasm. All eukaryotic cells have a cytoskeleton, and recent research has shown that prokaryotic cells also have a cytoskeleton. The eukaryotic cytoskeleton is made up of a network of long, thin protein fibers and has many functions. It helps to maintain cell shape. It holds organelles in place, and for some cells, it enables cell movement. The cytoskeleton also plays important roles in both the intracellular movement of substances and in cell division. Certain proteins act like a path that vesicles and organelles move along within the cell. The threadlike proteins that make up the cytoskeleton continually rebuild to adapt to the cell's constantly changing needs. Three main kinds of cytoskeleton fibers are microtubules, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What common code do all known living organisms use?\nA. code of ethics, B. Morse code, C. genetic, D. biochemical\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The genetic code is universal. All known living organisms use the same genetic code. This shows that all organisms share a common evolutionary history.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What common code do all known living organisms use?
A. code of ethics, B. Morse code, C. genetic, D. biochemical
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The genetic code is universal. All known living organisms use the same genetic code. This shows that all organisms share a common evolutionary history.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are 2 common growth patterns of population?\nA. exponential and logistic, B. organic and inorganic, C. migratory and logistic, D. exponential and economical\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Populations may show different patterns of growth. The growth pattern depends partly on the conditions under which a population lives. Two common growth patterns are exponential growth and logistic growth. Both are represented in Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are 2 common growth patterns of population?
A. exponential and logistic, B. organic and inorganic, C. migratory and logistic, D. exponential and economical
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Populations may show different patterns of growth. The growth pattern depends partly on the conditions under which a population lives. Two common growth patterns are exponential growth and logistic growth. Both are represented in Figure below .
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Solutions to schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called what?\nA. quantum numbers, B. linear numbers, C. light numbers, D. gravity numbers\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called quantum numbers . (Three of the numbers, , , and , come from Schrödinger’s equation, and the fourth one comes from an extension of the theory). These four numbers completely describe the energy of an electron. Each electron has exactly four quantum numbers, and no two electrons have the same four numbers. The statement that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers is known as the Pauli exclusion principle .\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Solutions to schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called what?
A. quantum numbers, B. linear numbers, C. light numbers, D. gravity numbers
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Solutions to Schrödinger’s equation involve four special numbers called quantum numbers . (Three of the numbers, , , and , come from Schrödinger’s equation, and the fourth one comes from an extension of the theory). These four numbers completely describe the energy of an electron. Each electron has exactly four quantum numbers, and no two electrons have the same four numbers. The statement that no two electrons can have the same four quantum numbers is known as the Pauli exclusion principle .
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the only human cell with flagella?\nA. saliva, B. Feces, C. egg, D. sperm\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sperm cells are the only human cell with flagella . This is because of their need to \"swim\" long distances to reach an egg for fertilization.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the only human cell with flagella?
A. saliva, B. Feces, C. egg, D. sperm
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sperm cells are the only human cell with flagella . This is because of their need to "swim" long distances to reach an egg for fertilization.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What can be described as a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule?\nA. grain of pollen, B. cell, C. seed, D. dna\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A grain of pollen is a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule (see Figure below ). It carries sperm to an ovule while preventing it from drying out. Pollen grains can’t swim, but they are very light, so the wind can carry them. Therefore, they can travel through air instead of water.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What can be described as a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule?
A. grain of pollen, B. cell, C. seed, D. dna
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A grain of pollen is a tiny male gametophyte enclosed in a tough capsule (see Figure below ). It carries sperm to an ovule while preventing it from drying out. Pollen grains can’t swim, but they are very light, so the wind can carry them. Therefore, they can travel through air instead of water.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the largest artery in the body called?\nA. aorta, B. carotid, C. ventricular, D. radial\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Flaps of tissue called valves separate the heart’s chambers. Valves keep blood flowing in just one direction through the heart. For example, a valve at the bottom of the right atrium opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Then the valve closes so the blood can’t flow back into the right atrium.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the largest artery in the body called?
A. aorta, B. carotid, C. ventricular, D. radial
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Flaps of tissue called valves separate the heart’s chambers. Valves keep blood flowing in just one direction through the heart. For example, a valve at the bottom of the right atrium opens to let blood flow from the right atrium to the right ventricle. Then the valve closes so the blood can’t flow back into the right atrium.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through what tube?\nA. ovarian, B. vaginal, C. fallopian, D. anterior\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through the fallopian tube. When this happens, the egg finally completes meiosis. This results in two daughter cells that are different in size. The smaller cell is called a polar body . It contains very little cytoplasm. It soon breaks down and disappears. The larger cell is the egg. It contains most of the cytoplasm. This will develop into a child.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through what tube?
A. ovarian, B. vaginal, C. fallopian, D. anterior
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Fertilization occurs if a sperm enters the egg while it is passing through the fallopian tube. When this happens, the egg finally completes meiosis. This results in two daughter cells that are different in size. The smaller cell is called a polar body . It contains very little cytoplasm. It soon breaks down and disappears. The larger cell is the egg. It contains most of the cytoplasm. This will develop into a child.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When the smooth muscle relaxes, the arterioles dilate, allowing blood to enter the what?\nA. arteries, B. capillaries, C. veins, D. bones\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When the smooth muscle relaxes, the arterioles dilate, allowing blood to enter the what?
A. arteries, B. capillaries, C. veins, D. bones
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What to tadpoles develop into?\nA. toads, B. mosquitos, C. frogs, D. snakes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Frogs typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds, or lakes. Their larvae, or tadpoles , have gills, a tail, but no legs, and need to live in water. If fact, they are quite similar to a fish. Tadpoles develop into adult frogs in water ( Figure below ). During this transformation, they develop lungs, lose their tails and form their four legs.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What to tadpoles develop into?
A. toads, B. mosquitos, C. frogs, D. snakes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Frogs typically lay their eggs in puddles, ponds, or lakes. Their larvae, or tadpoles , have gills, a tail, but no legs, and need to live in water. If fact, they are quite similar to a fish. Tadpoles develop into adult frogs in water ( Figure below ). During this transformation, they develop lungs, lose their tails and form their four legs.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What part of the body do fish use to absorb oxygen?\nA. tail fin, B. under belly, C. dorsal fin, D. gills\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In order to absorb oxygen from the water, fish use gills ( Figure below ). Gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What part of the body do fish use to absorb oxygen?
A. tail fin, B. under belly, C. dorsal fin, D. gills
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In order to absorb oxygen from the water, fish use gills ( Figure below ). Gills take dissolved oxygen from water as the water flows over the surface of the gill.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around this?\nA. hydrogen nuclei, B. peroxide nuclei, C. helium nuclei, D. carbon nuclei\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: We will find in Atomic Physics that the orbits of electrons are more properly viewed as electron clouds with the density of the cloud related to the probability of finding an electron in that location (as opposed to the definite locations and paths of planets in their orbits around the Sun). This cloud is shifted by the Coulomb force so that the atom on average has a separation of charge. Although the atom remains neutral, it can now be the source of a Coulomb force, since a charge brought near the atom will be closer to one type of charge than the other. Some molecules, such as those of water, have an inherent separation of charge and are thus called polar molecules. Figure ⎛ ⎞ 19.19 illustrates the separation of charge in a water molecule, which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom ⎝H 2 O⎠ . The water molecule is not symmetric—the hydrogen atoms are repelled to one side, giving the molecule a boomerang shape. The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around the hydrogen nuclei. This makes the oxygen end of the molecule slightly negative and leaves the hydrogen ends slightly positive. The inherent separation of charge in polar molecules makes it easier to align them with external fields and charges. Polar molecules therefore exhibit greater polarization effects and have greater dielectric constants. Those who study chemistry will find that the polar nature of water has many effects. For example, water molecules gather ions much more effectively because they have an electric field and a separation of charge to attract charges of both signs. Also, as brought out in the previous chapter, polar water provides a shield or screening of the electric fields in the highly charged molecules of interest in biological systems.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around this?
A. hydrogen nuclei, B. peroxide nuclei, C. helium nuclei, D. carbon nuclei
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: We will find in Atomic Physics that the orbits of electrons are more properly viewed as electron clouds with the density of the cloud related to the probability of finding an electron in that location (as opposed to the definite locations and paths of planets in their orbits around the Sun). This cloud is shifted by the Coulomb force so that the atom on average has a separation of charge. Although the atom remains neutral, it can now be the source of a Coulomb force, since a charge brought near the atom will be closer to one type of charge than the other. Some molecules, such as those of water, have an inherent separation of charge and are thus called polar molecules. Figure ⎛ ⎞ 19.19 illustrates the separation of charge in a water molecule, which has two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom ⎝H 2 O⎠ . The water molecule is not symmetric—the hydrogen atoms are repelled to one side, giving the molecule a boomerang shape. The electrons in a water molecule are more concentrated around the more highly charged oxygen nucleus than around the hydrogen nuclei. This makes the oxygen end of the molecule slightly negative and leaves the hydrogen ends slightly positive. The inherent separation of charge in polar molecules makes it easier to align them with external fields and charges. Polar molecules therefore exhibit greater polarization effects and have greater dielectric constants. Those who study chemistry will find that the polar nature of water has many effects. For example, water molecules gather ions much more effectively because they have an electric field and a separation of charge to attract charges of both signs. Also, as brought out in the previous chapter, polar water provides a shield or screening of the electric fields in the highly charged molecules of interest in biological systems.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the layer of ground below the surface that is always frozen, even in the summer?\nA. tundra, B. bedrock, C. permafrost, D. upper crust\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Polar tundra climates occur near the poles. Tundra climates have permafrost. Permafrost is layer of ground below the surface that is always frozen, even in the summer. Only small plants, such as mosses, can grow in this climate.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the layer of ground below the surface that is always frozen, even in the summer?
A. tundra, B. bedrock, C. permafrost, D. upper crust
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Polar tundra climates occur near the poles. Tundra climates have permafrost. Permafrost is layer of ground below the surface that is always frozen, even in the summer. Only small plants, such as mosses, can grow in this climate.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is usually the prey of a protist?\nA. pathogens, B. proteins, C. bacteria, D. algae\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The protist wraps around its prey, which is usually bacteria.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is usually the prey of a protist?
A. pathogens, B. proteins, C. bacteria, D. algae
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The protist wraps around its prey, which is usually bacteria.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What concentrates wave energy or disperses it?\nA. wave diffusion, B. wave refraction, C. a prism, D. wave reflection\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Wave refraction either concentrates wave energy or disperses it. In quiet water areas, such as bays, wave energy is dispersed. This allows sand to be deposited. Land that sticks out into the water is eroded by the strong wave energy. The wave energy concentrates its power on the wave-cut cliff .\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What concentrates wave energy or disperses it?
A. wave diffusion, B. wave refraction, C. a prism, D. wave reflection
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Wave refraction either concentrates wave energy or disperses it. In quiet water areas, such as bays, wave energy is dispersed. This allows sand to be deposited. Land that sticks out into the water is eroded by the strong wave energy. The wave energy concentrates its power on the wave-cut cliff .
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in which organelles?\nA. fibroblasts, B. cells, C. chloroplasts, D. stems\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain stacks of membranes called thylakoids, which contain chlorophyll. Thylakoids are surrounded by a fluid-filled space called stroma.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in which organelles?
A. fibroblasts, B. cells, C. chloroplasts, D. stems
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In plants and algae, photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Chloroplasts contain stacks of membranes called thylakoids, which contain chlorophyll. Thylakoids are surrounded by a fluid-filled space called stroma.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What produces sound waves that travel outward in all directions in water?\nA. amplifiers, B. echo chamber, C. ultrasound machines, D. echo sounders\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: During World War II, battleships and submarines carried echo sounders. Their goal was to locate enemy submarines ( Figure below ). Echo sounders produce sound waves that travel outward in all directions. The sound waves bounce off the nearest object and then return to the ship. Scientists know the speed of sound in seawater. They then can calculate the distance to the object that the sound wave hit. Most of these sound waves did not hit submarines. They instead were used to map the ocean floor.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What produces sound waves that travel outward in all directions in water?
A. amplifiers, B. echo chamber, C. ultrasound machines, D. echo sounders
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: During World War II, battleships and submarines carried echo sounders. Their goal was to locate enemy submarines ( Figure below ). Echo sounders produce sound waves that travel outward in all directions. The sound waves bounce off the nearest object and then return to the ship. Scientists know the speed of sound in seawater. They then can calculate the distance to the object that the sound wave hit. Most of these sound waves did not hit submarines. They instead were used to map the ocean floor.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The roots of a plant take in nutrients and what vital substance?\nA. Ash, B. water, C. air, D. Soil\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The roots of a plant take in nutrients and what vital substance?
A. Ash, B. water, C. air, D. Soil
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Carbon fixation is the first step of what cycle involving light reactions?\nA. calvin cycle, B. life cycle, C. water cycle, D. sun cycle\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: As Melvin Calvin discovered, carbon fixation is the first step of a cycle. Like an electron transport chain, the Calvin Cycle, shown in Figure below , transfers energy in small, controlled steps. Each step pushes molecules uphill in terms of energy content. Recall that in the electron transfer chain, excited electrons lose energy to NADPH and ATP. In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH and ATP formed in the light reactions lose their stored chemical energy to build glucose.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Carbon fixation is the first step of what cycle involving light reactions?
A. calvin cycle, B. life cycle, C. water cycle, D. sun cycle
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: As Melvin Calvin discovered, carbon fixation is the first step of a cycle. Like an electron transport chain, the Calvin Cycle, shown in Figure below , transfers energy in small, controlled steps. Each step pushes molecules uphill in terms of energy content. Recall that in the electron transfer chain, excited electrons lose energy to NADPH and ATP. In the Calvin Cycle, NADPH and ATP formed in the light reactions lose their stored chemical energy to build glucose.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the attractive forces that occur between polar molecules called?\nA. ion-dipole forces, B. induced-dipole forces, C. dipole-dipole forces, D. particle - dipole forces\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Dipole-dipole forces are the attractive forces that occur between polar molecules. A molecule of hydrogen chloride has a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative chlorine atom. In a collection of many hydrogen chloride molecules, they will align themselves so that the oppositely charged regions of neighboring molecules are near each other.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the attractive forces that occur between polar molecules called?
A. ion-dipole forces, B. induced-dipole forces, C. dipole-dipole forces, D. particle - dipole forces
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Dipole-dipole forces are the attractive forces that occur between polar molecules. A molecule of hydrogen chloride has a partially positive hydrogen atom and a partially negative chlorine atom. In a collection of many hydrogen chloride molecules, they will align themselves so that the oppositely charged regions of neighboring molecules are near each other.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The production of multiple copies of a single gene is called?\nA. gene variation, B. gene change, C. gene cloning, D. cell cloning\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The production of multiple copies of a single gene is called?
A. gene variation, B. gene change, C. gene cloning, D. cell cloning
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Fossil fuels are made out of what two objects?\nA. plants and water, B. soil and animals, C. gases and animals, D. plants and animals\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Fossil fuels are made from plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. The plants and animals died. Their remains settled onto the ground and at the bottom of the sea. Layer upon layer of organic material was laid down. Eventually, the layers were buried very deeply. They experienced intense heat and pressure. Over millions of years, the organic material turned into fossil fuels.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Fossil fuels are made out of what two objects?
A. plants and water, B. soil and animals, C. gases and animals, D. plants and animals
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Fossil fuels are made from plants and animals that lived hundreds of millions of years ago. The plants and animals died. Their remains settled onto the ground and at the bottom of the sea. Layer upon layer of organic material was laid down. Eventually, the layers were buried very deeply. They experienced intense heat and pressure. Over millions of years, the organic material turned into fossil fuels.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Amoebas and paramecia are examples of what?\nA. protists, B. protozoa, C. vertebrates, D. bacteria\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Examples of protozoa include amoebas and paramecia.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Amoebas and paramecia are examples of what?
A. protists, B. protozoa, C. vertebrates, D. bacteria
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Examples of protozoa include amoebas and paramecia.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Name the bacteria that make food through photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air?\nA. cyanobacteria, B. algae, C. fusobacteria, D. phytoplankton\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Bacteria called cyanobacteria are very important. They are bluish green in color (see Figure below ) because they contain chlorophyll (but not chloroplasts, of course). They make food through photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air. These bacteria were probably responsible for adding oxygen to the air on early Earth. This changed the planet’s atmosphere. It also changed the direction of evolution. Ancient cyanobacteria also may have evolved into the chloroplasts of plant cells.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Name the bacteria that make food through photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air?
A. cyanobacteria, B. algae, C. fusobacteria, D. phytoplankton
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Bacteria called cyanobacteria are very important. They are bluish green in color (see Figure below ) because they contain chlorophyll (but not chloroplasts, of course). They make food through photosynthesis and release oxygen into the air. These bacteria were probably responsible for adding oxygen to the air on early Earth. This changed the planet’s atmosphere. It also changed the direction of evolution. Ancient cyanobacteria also may have evolved into the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What simple machine consists of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum?\nA. battering ram, B. catapult, C. lever, D. rotor\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A lever is a simple machine that consists of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum. There are three classes of levers. Depending on its class, a lever may have an ideal mechanical advantage that is less than, equal to, or greater than 1. First-class levers also change the direction of the input force.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What simple machine consists of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum?
A. battering ram, B. catapult, C. lever, D. rotor
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A lever is a simple machine that consists of a bar that rotates around a fixed point called the fulcrum. There are three classes of levers. Depending on its class, a lever may have an ideal mechanical advantage that is less than, equal to, or greater than 1. First-class levers also change the direction of the input force.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which carbohydrate is produced by photosynthesis?\nA. sugar, B. protein, C. insulin, D. glucose\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Glucose is the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis. Energy-rich glucose is delivered through your blood to each of your cells.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which carbohydrate is produced by photosynthesis?
A. sugar, B. protein, C. insulin, D. glucose
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Glucose is the carbohydrate produced by photosynthesis. Energy-rich glucose is delivered through your blood to each of your cells.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What term is used to describe the line of latitude right in the middle of the planet?\nA. orbital, B. Prime Meridian, C. pole, D. equator\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Lines of latitude circle around Earth. The equator is a line of latitude right in the middle of the planet. The equator is an equal distance from both the North and South Pole. If you know your latitude, you know how far you are north or south of the equator.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What term is used to describe the line of latitude right in the middle of the planet?
A. orbital, B. Prime Meridian, C. pole, D. equator
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Lines of latitude circle around Earth. The equator is a line of latitude right in the middle of the planet. The equator is an equal distance from both the North and South Pole. If you know your latitude, you know how far you are north or south of the equator.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve called?\nA. intervertebral foramen, B. sympathetic ganglion, C. inferior vertebral notch, D. spinous process\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 7.24 Intervertebral Disc The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and united by an intervertebral disc, which provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vertebrae. The disc consists of a fibrous outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus. The intervertebral foramen is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve called?
A. intervertebral foramen, B. sympathetic ganglion, C. inferior vertebral notch, D. spinous process
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 7.24 Intervertebral Disc The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are separated and united by an intervertebral disc, which provides padding and allows for movements between adjacent vertebrae. The disc consists of a fibrous outer layer called the anulus fibrosus and a gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus. The intervertebral foramen is the opening formed between adjacent vertebrae for the exit of a spinal nerve.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What two planets is the asteroid belt found between?\nA. earth and venus, B. saturn and uranus, C. mars and jupiter, D. mars and venus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Hundreds of thousands of asteroids have been found in our solar system. They are still being discovered at a rate of about 5,000 new asteroids per month! The majority are located in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region is called the asteroid belt , as shown in Figure below . There are many thousands of asteroids in the asteroid belt. Still, their total mass adds up to only about 4 percent of Earth’s Moon.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What two planets is the asteroid belt found between?
A. earth and venus, B. saturn and uranus, C. mars and jupiter, D. mars and venus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Hundreds of thousands of asteroids have been found in our solar system. They are still being discovered at a rate of about 5,000 new asteroids per month! The majority are located in between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter. This region is called the asteroid belt , as shown in Figure below . There are many thousands of asteroids in the asteroid belt. Still, their total mass adds up to only about 4 percent of Earth’s Moon.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Neon is an example of what kind of gas?\nA. inert, B. ideal, C. noble, D. natural\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Once we reach neon, a noble gas, all of the 2p orbitals will be completely full. Neon has a configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 . Any further electrons will need to go in the next highest energy orbital, which would be the 3s orbital.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Neon is an example of what kind of gas?
A. inert, B. ideal, C. noble, D. natural
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Once we reach neon, a noble gas, all of the 2p orbitals will be completely full. Neon has a configuration of 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 . Any further electrons will need to go in the next highest energy orbital, which would be the 3s orbital.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Many organisms look very similar to other organisms because they may be from the same what?\nA. nutrients, B. parasites, C. species, D. area\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Many organisms look very similar to other organisms because they may be from the same what?
A. nutrients, B. parasites, C. species, D. area
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of compound is hydrogen chloride?\nA. polar, B. ionic, C. metal, D. covalent\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The largest, most complex covalent molecules have thousands of atoms. Examples include proteins and carbohydrates, which are compounds in living things. The smallest, simplest covalent compounds have molecules with just two atoms. An example is hydrogen chloride (HCl). It consists of one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom, as you can see in the Figure below . You can watch an animation of hydrogen chloride forming at the following URL.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of compound is hydrogen chloride?
A. polar, B. ionic, C. metal, D. covalent
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The largest, most complex covalent molecules have thousands of atoms. Examples include proteins and carbohydrates, which are compounds in living things. The smallest, simplest covalent compounds have molecules with just two atoms. An example is hydrogen chloride (HCl). It consists of one hydrogen atom and one chlorine atom, as you can see in the Figure below . You can watch an animation of hydrogen chloride forming at the following URL.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of volcanic eruptions are less deadly?\nA. non-explosive, B. explosive, C. non-dormant, D. serial eruptions\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Some volcanic eruptions are non-explosive ( Figure below ). This happens when there is little or no gas. The lava is thin, fluid and runny. It flows over the ground like a river. People generally have a lot of warning before a lava flow like this reaches them, so non-explosive eruptions are much less deadly. They may still be destructive to property, though. Even when we know that a lava flow is approaching, there are few ways of stopping it!.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of volcanic eruptions are less deadly?
A. non-explosive, B. explosive, C. non-dormant, D. serial eruptions
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Some volcanic eruptions are non-explosive ( Figure below ). This happens when there is little or no gas. The lava is thin, fluid and runny. It flows over the ground like a river. People generally have a lot of warning before a lava flow like this reaches them, so non-explosive eruptions are much less deadly. They may still be destructive to property, though. Even when we know that a lava flow is approaching, there are few ways of stopping it!.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where do most ecosystems get their energy from?\nA. heat, B. earth, C. water, D. sun\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Most ecosystems get their energy from the Sun. Only producers can use sunlight to make usable energy. Producers convert the sunlight into chemical energy or food. Consumers get some of that energy when they eat producers. They also pass some of the energy on to other consumers when they are eaten. In this way, energy flows from one living thing to another.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where do most ecosystems get their energy from?
A. heat, B. earth, C. water, D. sun
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Most ecosystems get their energy from the Sun. Only producers can use sunlight to make usable energy. Producers convert the sunlight into chemical energy or food. Consumers get some of that energy when they eat producers. They also pass some of the energy on to other consumers when they are eaten. In this way, energy flows from one living thing to another.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: When a solute dissolves into a solvent what is that called?\nA. viscosity, B. mixing, C. enthalpy, D. solubility\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Enthalpy changes also occur when a solute undergoes the physical process of dissolving into a solvent. Hot packs and cold packs (see Figure below ) use this property. Many hot packs use calcium chloride, which releases heat when it dissolves according to the equation below.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: When a solute dissolves into a solvent what is that called?
A. viscosity, B. mixing, C. enthalpy, D. solubility
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Enthalpy changes also occur when a solute undergoes the physical process of dissolving into a solvent. Hot packs and cold packs (see Figure below ) use this property. Many hot packs use calcium chloride, which releases heat when it dissolves according to the equation below.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called what?\nA. neutron, B. lattice, C. atom, D. nucleus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Note Sometimes the word pure is added to substance, but this is not absolutely necessary. By definition, any single substance is pure. The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Atoms are extremely tiny; to make a line 1 inch long, you would need 217 million iron atoms. The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound is called a molecule. Molecules are composed of atoms that are attached together and behave as a unit. Scientists usually work with millions and millions of atoms and molecules at a time. When a scientist is working with large numbers of atoms or molecules at a time, the scientist is studying the macroscopic view of the universe. However, scientists can also describe chemical events on the level of individual atoms or molecules, which is referred to as the microscopic viewpoint. We will see examples of Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called what?
A. neutron, B. lattice, C. atom, D. nucleus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Note Sometimes the word pure is added to substance, but this is not absolutely necessary. By definition, any single substance is pure. The smallest part of an element that maintains the identity of that element is called an atom. Atoms are extremely tiny; to make a line 1 inch long, you would need 217 million iron atoms. The smallest part of a compound that maintains the identity of that compound is called a molecule. Molecules are composed of atoms that are attached together and behave as a unit. Scientists usually work with millions and millions of atoms and molecules at a time. When a scientist is working with large numbers of atoms or molecules at a time, the scientist is studying the macroscopic view of the universe. However, scientists can also describe chemical events on the level of individual atoms or molecules, which is referred to as the microscopic viewpoint. We will see examples of Saylor URL: http://www. saylor. org/books.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Varves form in lakes covered by what?\nA. ice, B. bridges, C. coral reef, D. soot\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Varves form in lakes covered by ice. Varves are useful to scientists for understanding climate.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Varves form in lakes covered by what?
A. ice, B. bridges, C. coral reef, D. soot
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Varves form in lakes covered by ice. Varves are useful to scientists for understanding climate.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Speed takes distance and what else into account?\nA. time, B. energy, C. gravity, D. matter\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Speed just takes distance and time into account. How might direction be considered as well?.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Speed takes distance and what else into account?
A. time, B. energy, C. gravity, D. matter
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Speed just takes distance and time into account. How might direction be considered as well?.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing?\nA. endocrine, B. parasympathetic, C. dopaminergic, D. synaptic\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing when there is not an emergency.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which division of the autonomic nervous system controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing?
A. endocrine, B. parasympathetic, C. dopaminergic, D. synaptic
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The parasympathetic division controls internal organs and glands during the rest of the time. It controls processes like digestion, heartbeat, and breathing when there is not an emergency.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What does the ovule develop into after fertilization?\nA. seed, B. pollen, C. germ, D. zygote\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants. It contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What does the ovule develop into after fertilization?
A. seed, B. pollen, C. germ, D. zygote
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An ovule is a female reproductive structure in seed plants. It contains a tiny female gametophyte. The gametophyte produces an egg cell. After the egg is fertilized by sperm, the ovule develops into a seed.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a key factor in the growth of populations?\nA. immigration, B. assimilation, C. gentrification, D. legislation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Moving into an area, or immigration, is a key factor in the growth of populations. Shown above is actual vintage luggage left by some of the millions of immigrants who came through Ellis Island and into the United States.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a key factor in the growth of populations?
A. immigration, B. assimilation, C. gentrification, D. legislation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Moving into an area, or immigration, is a key factor in the growth of populations. Shown above is actual vintage luggage left by some of the millions of immigrants who came through Ellis Island and into the United States.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Air is said to reach what point, a term used by meteorologists, when humidity increases or temperature decreases?\nA. its dew point, B. freezing point, C. its dip point, D. bubble point\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Air reaches its dew point when humidity increases or temperature decreases.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Air is said to reach what point, a term used by meteorologists, when humidity increases or temperature decreases?
A. its dew point, B. freezing point, C. its dip point, D. bubble point
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Air reaches its dew point when humidity increases or temperature decreases.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In neurons, what often involves gated sodium channels?\nA. depolarization, B. excitation, C. polarization, D. fermentation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In neurons, what often involves gated sodium channels?
A. depolarization, B. excitation, C. polarization, D. fermentation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over what?\nA. velocity, B. energy, C. time, D. space\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over time. The line graph in Figure below shows how distance from school changed over time when some students went on a class trip.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over what?
A. velocity, B. energy, C. time, D. space
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Line graphs are especially useful for showing changes over time. The line graph in Figure below shows how distance from school changed over time when some students went on a class trip.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: After a massive eruption what will a mountain collapsing above an empty chamber create?\nA. valley, B. crater, C. caldera, D. cavern\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: During a massive eruption all of the material may be ejected from a magma changer. Without support, the mountain above the empty chamber may collapse. This produces a huge caldera . Calderas are generally round, bowl-shaped formations like the picture in Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: After a massive eruption what will a mountain collapsing above an empty chamber create?
A. valley, B. crater, C. caldera, D. cavern
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: During a massive eruption all of the material may be ejected from a magma changer. Without support, the mountain above the empty chamber may collapse. This produces a huge caldera . Calderas are generally round, bowl-shaped formations like the picture in Figure below .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The posterior half of the foot is formed by seven tarsal bones. the most superior of these bones is called?\nA. patella, B. metatarsal, C. calcareous, D. talus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Tarsal Bones The posterior half of the foot is formed by seven tarsal bones (Figure 8.19). The most superior bone is the talus. This has a relatively square-shaped, upper surface that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint. Three areas of articulation form the ankle joint: The superomedial surface of the talus bone articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia, the top of the talus articulates with the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral side of the talus articulates with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. Inferiorly, the talus articulates with the calcaneus (heel bone), the largest bone of the foot, which forms the heel. Body weight is transferred from the tibia to the talus to the calcaneus, which rests on the ground. The medial calcaneus has a prominent bony extension called the sustentaculum tali (“support for the talus”) that supports the medial side of the talus bone.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The posterior half of the foot is formed by seven tarsal bones. the most superior of these bones is called?
A. patella, B. metatarsal, C. calcareous, D. talus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Tarsal Bones The posterior half of the foot is formed by seven tarsal bones (Figure 8.19). The most superior bone is the talus. This has a relatively square-shaped, upper surface that articulates with the tibia and fibula to form the ankle joint. Three areas of articulation form the ankle joint: The superomedial surface of the talus bone articulates with the medial malleolus of the tibia, the top of the talus articulates with the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral side of the talus articulates with the lateral malleolus of the fibula. Inferiorly, the talus articulates with the calcaneus (heel bone), the largest bone of the foot, which forms the heel. Body weight is transferred from the tibia to the talus to the calcaneus, which rests on the ground. The medial calcaneus has a prominent bony extension called the sustentaculum tali (“support for the talus”) that supports the medial side of the talus bone.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What helps to regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states?\nA. thalamus, B. cerebral cortex, C. hypothalamus, D. hippocampus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Basal Ganglia Interconnected brain areas called the basal ganglia (or basal nuclei), shown in Figure 35.20b, play important roles in movement control and posture. Damage to the basal ganglia, as in Parkinson’s disease, leads to motor impairments like a shuffling gait when walking. The basal ganglia also regulate motivation. For example, when a wasp sting led to bilateral basal ganglia damage in a 25-year-old businessman, he began to spend all his days in bed and showed no interest in anything or anybody. But when he was externally stimulated—as when someone asked to play a card game with him—he was able to function normally. Interestingly, he and other similar patients do not report feeling bored or frustrated by their state. Thalamus The thalamus (Greek for “inner chamber”), illustrated in Figure 35.24, acts as a gateway to and from the cortex. It receives sensory and motor inputs from the body and also receives feedback from the cortex. This feedback mechanism can modulate conscious awareness of sensory and motor inputs depending on the attention and arousal state of the animal. The thalamus helps regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states. A rare genetic disorder called fatal familial insomnia causes the degeneration of thalamic neurons and glia. This disorder prevents affected patients from being able to sleep, among other symptoms, and is eventually fatal.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What helps to regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states?
A. thalamus, B. cerebral cortex, C. hypothalamus, D. hippocampus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Basal Ganglia Interconnected brain areas called the basal ganglia (or basal nuclei), shown in Figure 35.20b, play important roles in movement control and posture. Damage to the basal ganglia, as in Parkinson’s disease, leads to motor impairments like a shuffling gait when walking. The basal ganglia also regulate motivation. For example, when a wasp sting led to bilateral basal ganglia damage in a 25-year-old businessman, he began to spend all his days in bed and showed no interest in anything or anybody. But when he was externally stimulated—as when someone asked to play a card game with him—he was able to function normally. Interestingly, he and other similar patients do not report feeling bored or frustrated by their state. Thalamus The thalamus (Greek for “inner chamber”), illustrated in Figure 35.24, acts as a gateway to and from the cortex. It receives sensory and motor inputs from the body and also receives feedback from the cortex. This feedback mechanism can modulate conscious awareness of sensory and motor inputs depending on the attention and arousal state of the animal. The thalamus helps regulate consciousness, arousal, and sleep states. A rare genetic disorder called fatal familial insomnia causes the degeneration of thalamic neurons and glia. This disorder prevents affected patients from being able to sleep, among other symptoms, and is eventually fatal.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Some fish will be over-fished to the point that their species ceases to exist, which is also known as what?\nA. accumulation, B. abundance, C. extinction, D. endangered\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: will inevitably make it more difficult and costly to grow food. The world’s growing human population faces significant challenges in the increasing costs and other difficulties associated with producing food. Wild Food Sources In addition to growing crops and raising food animals, humans obtain food resources from wild populations, primarily wild fish populations. For about one billion people, aquatic resources provide the main source of animal protein. But since 1990, production from global fisheries has declined. Despite considerable effort, few fisheries on Earth are managed sustainability. Fishery extinctions rarely lead to complete extinction of the harvested species, but rather to a radical restructuring of the marine ecosystem in which a dominant species is so over-harvested that it becomes a minor player, ecologically. In addition to humans losing the food source, these alterations affect many other species in ways that are difficult or impossible to predict. The collapse of fisheries has dramatic and long-lasting effects on local human populations that work in the fishery. In addition, the loss of an inexpensive protein source to populations that cannot afford to replace it will increase the cost of living and limit societies in other ways. In general, the fish taken from fisheries have shifted to smaller species and the larger species are overfished. The ultimate outcome could clearly be the loss of aquatic systems as food sources.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Some fish will be over-fished to the point that their species ceases to exist, which is also known as what?
A. accumulation, B. abundance, C. extinction, D. endangered
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: will inevitably make it more difficult and costly to grow food. The world’s growing human population faces significant challenges in the increasing costs and other difficulties associated with producing food. Wild Food Sources In addition to growing crops and raising food animals, humans obtain food resources from wild populations, primarily wild fish populations. For about one billion people, aquatic resources provide the main source of animal protein. But since 1990, production from global fisheries has declined. Despite considerable effort, few fisheries on Earth are managed sustainability. Fishery extinctions rarely lead to complete extinction of the harvested species, but rather to a radical restructuring of the marine ecosystem in which a dominant species is so over-harvested that it becomes a minor player, ecologically. In addition to humans losing the food source, these alterations affect many other species in ways that are difficult or impossible to predict. The collapse of fisheries has dramatic and long-lasting effects on local human populations that work in the fishery. In addition, the loss of an inexpensive protein source to populations that cannot afford to replace it will increase the cost of living and limit societies in other ways. In general, the fish taken from fisheries have shifted to smaller species and the larger species are overfished. The ultimate outcome could clearly be the loss of aquatic systems as food sources.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Not surprisingly, what is the function of the most developed part of a bird's brain?\nA. controlling flight, B. controlling breeding, C. controlling digestion, D. controlling thought\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Birds have a large brain relative to the size of their body. Not surprisingly, the part of the brain that controls flight is the most developed part. The large brain size of birds is also reflected by their high level of intelligence and complex behavior. In fact, birds such as crows and ravens may be more intelligent than many mammals. They are smart enough to use objects such as twigs for tools. They also demonstrate planning and cooperation. Most birds have a poor sense of smell, but they make up for it with their excellent sense of sight. Predatory birds have especially good eyesight. Hawks, for example, have vision that is eight times sharper than human vision.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Not surprisingly, what is the function of the most developed part of a bird's brain?
A. controlling flight, B. controlling breeding, C. controlling digestion, D. controlling thought
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Birds have a large brain relative to the size of their body. Not surprisingly, the part of the brain that controls flight is the most developed part. The large brain size of birds is also reflected by their high level of intelligence and complex behavior. In fact, birds such as crows and ravens may be more intelligent than many mammals. They are smart enough to use objects such as twigs for tools. They also demonstrate planning and cooperation. Most birds have a poor sense of smell, but they make up for it with their excellent sense of sight. Predatory birds have especially good eyesight. Hawks, for example, have vision that is eight times sharper than human vision.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of roots enable a plant to grow on another plant?\nA. mites, B. endemic, C. epiphytic, D. Sickness\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Epiphytic roots enable a plant to grow on another plant. For example, the epiphytic roots of orchids develop a spongy tissue to absorb moisture. The banyan tree (Ficus sp. ) begins as an epiphyte, germinating in the branches of a host tree; aerial roots develop from the branches and eventually reach the ground, providing additional support (Figure 30.20). In screwpine (Pandanus sp. ), a palm-like tree that grows in sandy tropical soils, aboveground prop roots develop from the nodes to provide additional support.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of roots enable a plant to grow on another plant?
A. mites, B. endemic, C. epiphytic, D. Sickness
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Epiphytic roots enable a plant to grow on another plant. For example, the epiphytic roots of orchids develop a spongy tissue to absorb moisture. The banyan tree (Ficus sp. ) begins as an epiphyte, germinating in the branches of a host tree; aerial roots develop from the branches and eventually reach the ground, providing additional support (Figure 30.20). In screwpine (Pandanus sp. ), a palm-like tree that grows in sandy tropical soils, aboveground prop roots develop from the nodes to provide additional support.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the distance north or south of the equator called?\nA. circumference, B. longitude, C. latitude, D. elevation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator. It is expressed as a number between 0° and 90° north or south.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the distance north or south of the equator called?
A. circumference, B. longitude, C. latitude, D. elevation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Latitude is the distance north or south of the Equator. It is expressed as a number between 0° and 90° north or south.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: In response to a cut, mast cells secrete histamines that cause nearby capillaries to do what?\nA. constrict, B. narrow, C. harden, D. dilate\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Figure 42.5 In response to a cut, mast cells secrete histamines that cause nearby capillaries to dilate. Neutrophils and monocytes leave the capillaries. Monocytes mature into macrophages. Neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages release chemicals to stimulate the inflammatory response. Neutrophils and macrophages also consume invading bacteria by phagocytosis.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: In response to a cut, mast cells secrete histamines that cause nearby capillaries to do what?
A. constrict, B. narrow, C. harden, D. dilate
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Figure 42.5 In response to a cut, mast cells secrete histamines that cause nearby capillaries to dilate. Neutrophils and monocytes leave the capillaries. Monocytes mature into macrophages. Neutrophils, dendritic cells and macrophages release chemicals to stimulate the inflammatory response. Neutrophils and macrophages also consume invading bacteria by phagocytosis.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?\nA. base, B. hydrocarbon, C. acid, D. sulfur\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water?
A. base, B. hydrocarbon, C. acid, D. sulfur
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: An acid is an ionic compound that produces positive hydrogen ions when dissolved in water. Acids taste sour and turn blue litmus paper red.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The stems of all vascular plants get longer through primary growth. this occurs in primary meristem at the tips and ______ of the stems.\nA. nodes, B. bottoms, C. layers, D. edges\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The stems of all vascular plants get longer through primary growth. This occurs in primary meristem at the tips and nodes of the stems. Most stems also grow in thickness through secondary growth. This occurs in secondary meristem, which is located in and around the vascular tissues. Secondary growth forms secondary vascular tissues and bark. In many trees, the yearly growth of new vascular tissues results in an annual growth ring like the one in Figure below . When a tree is cut down, the rings in the trunk can be counted to estimate the tree’s age.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The stems of all vascular plants get longer through primary growth. this occurs in primary meristem at the tips and ______ of the stems.
A. nodes, B. bottoms, C. layers, D. edges
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The stems of all vascular plants get longer through primary growth. This occurs in primary meristem at the tips and nodes of the stems. Most stems also grow in thickness through secondary growth. This occurs in secondary meristem, which is located in and around the vascular tissues. Secondary growth forms secondary vascular tissues and bark. In many trees, the yearly growth of new vascular tissues results in an annual growth ring like the one in Figure below . When a tree is cut down, the rings in the trunk can be counted to estimate the tree’s age.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What kind of waves are electromagnetic waves?\nA. amplitude, B. curved, C. transverse, D. inverse\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: In this lesson, you learned that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Like other transverse waves, electromagnetic waves have certain properties.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What kind of waves are electromagnetic waves?
A. amplitude, B. curved, C. transverse, D. inverse
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: In this lesson, you learned that electromagnetic waves are transverse waves. Like other transverse waves, electromagnetic waves have certain properties.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What process is involved in the formation of a waterfall, when a stream flows from an area of harder to softer rock?\nA. migration, B. erosion, C. calcification, D. evaporation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Mountain streams may erode waterfalls. A waterfall forms where a stream flows from an area of harder to softer rock ( Figure below ). The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock. This causes the stream bed to drop down, like a step. This creates a waterfall. As erosion continues, the waterfall gradually moves upstream.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What process is involved in the formation of a waterfall, when a stream flows from an area of harder to softer rock?
A. migration, B. erosion, C. calcification, D. evaporation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Mountain streams may erode waterfalls. A waterfall forms where a stream flows from an area of harder to softer rock ( Figure below ). The water erodes the softer rock faster than the harder rock. This causes the stream bed to drop down, like a step. This creates a waterfall. As erosion continues, the waterfall gradually moves upstream.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Meissner’s corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the what other part of the hand?\nA. bones, B. cuticles, C. fingertips, D. fingernails\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Which of the following statements about mechanoreceptors is false? a. Pacini corpuscles are found in both glabrous and hairy skin. Merkel’s disks are abundant on the fingertips and lips. Ruffini endings are encapsulated mechanoreceptors. Meissner’s corpuscles extend into the lower dermis. Meissner’s corpuscles, (shown in Figure 36.6) also known as tactile corpuscles, are found in the upper dermis, but they project into the epidermis. They, too, are found primarily in the glabrous skin on the fingertips and eyelids. They respond to fine touch and pressure, but they also respond to low-frequency vibration or flutter. They are rapidly adapting, fluid-filled, encapsulated neurons with small, well-defined borders and are responsive to fine details. Like Merkel’s disks, Meissner’s corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the fingertips.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Meissner’s corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the what other part of the hand?
A. bones, B. cuticles, C. fingertips, D. fingernails
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Which of the following statements about mechanoreceptors is false? a. Pacini corpuscles are found in both glabrous and hairy skin. Merkel’s disks are abundant on the fingertips and lips. Ruffini endings are encapsulated mechanoreceptors. Meissner’s corpuscles extend into the lower dermis. Meissner’s corpuscles, (shown in Figure 36.6) also known as tactile corpuscles, are found in the upper dermis, but they project into the epidermis. They, too, are found primarily in the glabrous skin on the fingertips and eyelids. They respond to fine touch and pressure, but they also respond to low-frequency vibration or flutter. They are rapidly adapting, fluid-filled, encapsulated neurons with small, well-defined borders and are responsive to fine details. Like Merkel’s disks, Meissner’s corpuscles are not as plentiful in the palms as they are in the fingertips.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the two types of earth crust?\nA. reflective and continental, B. amorphous and continental, C. micro and continental, D. oceanic and continental\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The crust is less than 1% of Earth by mass. The two types are oceanic crust and continental crust.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the two types of earth crust?
A. reflective and continental, B. amorphous and continental, C. micro and continental, D. oceanic and continental
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The crust is less than 1% of Earth by mass. The two types are oceanic crust and continental crust.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave?\nA. frequency, B. wave amplitude, C. Ohm, D. wavelength\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Wave amplitude is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave. A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave?
A. frequency, B. wave amplitude, C. Ohm, D. wavelength
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Wave amplitude is determined by the energy of the disturbance that causes the wave. A wave caused by a disturbance with more energy has greater amplitude.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite?\nA. aluminum, B. titanium, C. coins, D. glass\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Aluminum is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite?
A. aluminum, B. titanium, C. coins, D. glass
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Aluminum is made from the minerals in rocks known as bauxite.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks?\nA. not solid, B. not magnetic, C. only horizontal, D. not horizontal\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal have been deformed.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a defining feature of deformed sedimentary rocks?
A. not solid, B. not magnetic, C. only horizontal, D. not horizontal
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Sedimentary rocks that are not horizontal have been deformed.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Resemblance to other species can serve as protection to what category of species?\nA. predator, B. prey, C. consumer, D. producer\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Resemblance to other species can serve as protection to what category of species?
A. predator, B. prey, C. consumer, D. producer
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of cells make up the epidermis of a leaf?\nA. dermal cells, B. endothermic cells, C. chloroplasts, D. mesophyll\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The epidermis of the leaf consists of a single layer of tightly-packed dermal cells. They secrete waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf. The epidermis has tiny pores called stomata (singular, stoma) that control transpiration and gas exchange with the air. For photosynthesis, stomata must control the transpiration of water vapor and the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stomata are flanked by guard cells that swell or shrink by taking in or losing water through osmosis . When they do, they open or close the stomata (see Figure below ).\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of cells make up the epidermis of a leaf?
A. dermal cells, B. endothermic cells, C. chloroplasts, D. mesophyll
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The epidermis of the leaf consists of a single layer of tightly-packed dermal cells. They secrete waxy cuticle to prevent evaporation of water from the leaf. The epidermis has tiny pores called stomata (singular, stoma) that control transpiration and gas exchange with the air. For photosynthesis, stomata must control the transpiration of water vapor and the exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen. Stomata are flanked by guard cells that swell or shrink by taking in or losing water through osmosis . When they do, they open or close the stomata (see Figure below ).
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What carries warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans?\nA. pipes, B. gravity, C. ocean currents, D. earth rotation\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Ocean currents carry warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans. They help to even out the temperatures in the oceans. This also affects the temperature of the atmosphere and the climate around the world. Currents that are near shore have a direct impact on climate. They may make the climate much colder or warmer. You can see examples of this in Figure below .\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What carries warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans?
A. pipes, B. gravity, C. ocean currents, D. earth rotation
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Ocean currents carry warm or cold water throughout the world’s oceans. They help to even out the temperatures in the oceans. This also affects the temperature of the atmosphere and the climate around the world. Currents that are near shore have a direct impact on climate. They may make the climate much colder or warmer. You can see examples of this in Figure below .
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of resource cannot be replaced as easily as it is consumed?\nA. untapped, B. biological, C. renewable, D. nonrenewable\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be replaced as easily as it is consumed. Fossil fuels are an example of nonrenewable resources. They take millions of years to form naturally, and so they cannot be replaced as fast as they are consumed. To take the place of fossil fuel use, alternative energy resources are being developed. These alternative energy sources often utilize renewable resources. The following are examples of sustainable alternative energy resources:.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of resource cannot be replaced as easily as it is consumed?
A. untapped, B. biological, C. renewable, D. nonrenewable
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: A nonrenewable resource is one that cannot be replaced as easily as it is consumed. Fossil fuels are an example of nonrenewable resources. They take millions of years to form naturally, and so they cannot be replaced as fast as they are consumed. To take the place of fossil fuel use, alternative energy resources are being developed. These alternative energy sources often utilize renewable resources. The following are examples of sustainable alternative energy resources:.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What substances are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms, including digestion?\nA. proteins, B. vitamins, C. hormones, D. enzymes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Enzymes are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms. About 4,000 such reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes, but the number may be even higher. In animals, an important function of enzymes is to help digest food. Digestive enzymes speed up reactions that break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules the body can use. Without digestive enzymes, animals would not be able to break down food molecules quickly enough to provide the energy and nutrients they need to survive.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What substances are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms, including digestion?
A. proteins, B. vitamins, C. hormones, D. enzymes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Enzymes are involved in most of the chemical reactions that take place in organisms. About 4,000 such reactions are known to be catalyzed by enzymes, but the number may be even higher. In animals, an important function of enzymes is to help digest food. Digestive enzymes speed up reactions that break down large molecules of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats into smaller molecules the body can use. Without digestive enzymes, animals would not be able to break down food molecules quickly enough to provide the energy and nutrients they need to survive.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What occurs when the immune system is not working properly?\nA. anemia, B. cancer, C. allergy, D. immunodeficiency\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is not working properly. As a result, it cannot fight off pathogens that a normal immune system would be able to resist. Rarely, the problem is caused by a defective gene. More often, it is acquired during a person’s lifetime. Immunodeficiency may occur for a variety of reasons:.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What occurs when the immune system is not working properly?
A. anemia, B. cancer, C. allergy, D. immunodeficiency
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is not working properly. As a result, it cannot fight off pathogens that a normal immune system would be able to resist. Rarely, the problem is caused by a defective gene. More often, it is acquired during a person’s lifetime. Immunodeficiency may occur for a variety of reasons:.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The force that a magnet exerts on certain materials is called what?\nA. centripetal force, B. velocity force, C. magnetic force, D. stellar force\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The force that a magnet exerts on certain materials, including other magnets, is called magnetic force . The force is exerted over a distance and includes forces of attraction and repulsion. North and south poles of two magnets attract each other, while two north poles or two south poles repel each other. A magnet can exert force over a distance because the magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field . In the Figure below , you can see the magnetic field surrounding a bar magnet. Tiny bits of iron, called iron filings, were placed under a sheet of glass. When the magnet was placed on the glass, it attracted the iron filings. The pattern of the iron filings shows the lines of force that make up the magnetic field of the magnet. The concentration of iron filings near the poles indicates that these areas exert the strongest force. You can also see how the magnetic field affects the compasses placed above the magnet. To see an animated magnetic field of a bar magnet, go to this URL: http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/magneticlines/.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The force that a magnet exerts on certain materials is called what?
A. centripetal force, B. velocity force, C. magnetic force, D. stellar force
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The force that a magnet exerts on certain materials, including other magnets, is called magnetic force . The force is exerted over a distance and includes forces of attraction and repulsion. North and south poles of two magnets attract each other, while two north poles or two south poles repel each other. A magnet can exert force over a distance because the magnet is surrounded by a magnetic field . In the Figure below , you can see the magnetic field surrounding a bar magnet. Tiny bits of iron, called iron filings, were placed under a sheet of glass. When the magnet was placed on the glass, it attracted the iron filings. The pattern of the iron filings shows the lines of force that make up the magnetic field of the magnet. The concentration of iron filings near the poles indicates that these areas exert the strongest force. You can also see how the magnetic field affects the compasses placed above the magnet. To see an animated magnetic field of a bar magnet, go to this URL: http://micro. magnet. fsu. edu/electromag/java/magneticlines/.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is applied to a rock to make it bend and flow?\nA. weathering, B. stress, C. acid, D. phosphorus\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The amount of stress on a rock may be greater than the rock’s strength. In that case, the rock will change and deform ( Figure below ). Deep within the Earth, the pressure is very great. A rock behaves like a stretched rubber band. When the stress stops, the rock goes back to its original shape. If more stress is applied to the rock, it bends and flows. It does not return to its original shape. Near the surface, if the stress continues, the rock will fracture and break.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is applied to a rock to make it bend and flow?
A. weathering, B. stress, C. acid, D. phosphorus
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The amount of stress on a rock may be greater than the rock’s strength. In that case, the rock will change and deform ( Figure below ). Deep within the Earth, the pressure is very great. A rock behaves like a stretched rubber band. When the stress stops, the rock goes back to its original shape. If more stress is applied to the rock, it bends and flows. It does not return to its original shape. Near the surface, if the stress continues, the rock will fracture and break.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the function of chloroplasts that are found in plant and algal cells?\nA. mitosis, B. spermatogenesis, C. glycolysis, D. photosynthesis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Actually, almost all organisms obtain their energy from photosynthetic organisms. For example, if a bird eats a caterpillar, then the bird gets the energy that the caterpillar gets from the plants it eats. So the bird indirectly gets energy that began with the glucose formed through photosynthesis. Therefore, the process of photosynthesis is central to sustaining life on Earth. In eukaryotic organisms, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts . Only cells with chloroplasts—plant cells and algal (protist) cells—can perform photosynthesis. Animal cells and fungal cells do not have chloroplasts and, therefore, cannot photosynthesize. That is why these organisms, as well as the non-photosynthetic protists, rely on other organisms to obtain their energy. These organisms are heterotrophs.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the function of chloroplasts that are found in plant and algal cells?
A. mitosis, B. spermatogenesis, C. glycolysis, D. photosynthesis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Actually, almost all organisms obtain their energy from photosynthetic organisms. For example, if a bird eats a caterpillar, then the bird gets the energy that the caterpillar gets from the plants it eats. So the bird indirectly gets energy that began with the glucose formed through photosynthesis. Therefore, the process of photosynthesis is central to sustaining life on Earth. In eukaryotic organisms, photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts . Only cells with chloroplasts—plant cells and algal (protist) cells—can perform photosynthesis. Animal cells and fungal cells do not have chloroplasts and, therefore, cannot photosynthesize. That is why these organisms, as well as the non-photosynthetic protists, rely on other organisms to obtain their energy. These organisms are heterotrophs.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What passes through the prostate gland immediately inferior to the bladder before passing below the pubic symphysis?\nA. vagina, B. urethra, C. cerebellum, D. rectum\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Male Urethra The male urethra passes through the prostate gland immediately inferior to the bladder before passing below the pubic symphysis (see Figure 25.3b). The length of the male urethra varies between men but averages 20 cm in length. It is divided into four regions: the preprostatic urethra, the prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra, and the spongy or penile urethra. The preprostatic urethra is very short and incorporated into the bladder wall. The prostatic urethra passes through the prostate gland. During sexual intercourse, it receives sperm via the ejaculatory ducts and secretions from the seminal vesicles. Paired Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands) produce and secrete mucus into the urethra to buffer urethral pH during sexual stimulation. The mucus neutralizes the usually acidic environment and lubricates the urethra, decreasing the resistance to ejaculation. The membranous urethra passes through the deep muscles of the perineum, where it is invested by the overlying urethral sphincters. The spongy urethra exits at the tip (external urethral orifice) of the penis after passing through the corpus spongiosum. Mucous glands are found along much of the length of the urethra and protect the urethra from extremes of urine pH. Innervation is the same in both males and females.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What passes through the prostate gland immediately inferior to the bladder before passing below the pubic symphysis?
A. vagina, B. urethra, C. cerebellum, D. rectum
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Male Urethra The male urethra passes through the prostate gland immediately inferior to the bladder before passing below the pubic symphysis (see Figure 25.3b). The length of the male urethra varies between men but averages 20 cm in length. It is divided into four regions: the preprostatic urethra, the prostatic urethra, the membranous urethra, and the spongy or penile urethra. The preprostatic urethra is very short and incorporated into the bladder wall. The prostatic urethra passes through the prostate gland. During sexual intercourse, it receives sperm via the ejaculatory ducts and secretions from the seminal vesicles. Paired Cowper’s glands (bulbourethral glands) produce and secrete mucus into the urethra to buffer urethral pH during sexual stimulation. The mucus neutralizes the usually acidic environment and lubricates the urethra, decreasing the resistance to ejaculation. The membranous urethra passes through the deep muscles of the perineum, where it is invested by the overlying urethral sphincters. The spongy urethra exits at the tip (external urethral orifice) of the penis after passing through the corpus spongiosum. Mucous glands are found along much of the length of the urethra and protect the urethra from extremes of urine pH. Innervation is the same in both males and females.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Terrestrial animals lose water by evaporation from their skin and which surfaces?\nA. respiratory, B. anaerobic, C. digestive, D. pulmonary\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Terrestrial animals lose water by evaporation from their skin and which surfaces?
A. respiratory, B. anaerobic, C. digestive, D. pulmonary
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What color are leukocytes blood cells?\nA. red, B. white, C. black, D. blue\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response attract leukocytes to the site of injury or infection. Leukocytes are white blood cells. Their role is to fight infections and get rid of debris. Leukocytes may respond with either a nonspecific or a specific defense.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What color are leukocytes blood cells?
A. red, B. white, C. black, D. blue
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The chemicals that trigger an inflammatory response attract leukocytes to the site of injury or infection. Leukocytes are white blood cells. Their role is to fight infections and get rid of debris. Leukocytes may respond with either a nonspecific or a specific defense.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is something that all machines must overcome?\nA. stress, B. temperature, C. work, D. friction\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The mechanical advantage of a simple machine such as a pulley is the factor by which the machine changes the force applied to it. The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine is its mechanical advantage in the absence of friction. All machines must overcome friction, so the ideal mechanical advantage is always somewhat greater than the actual mechanical advantage of the machine as it is used in the real world.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is something that all machines must overcome?
A. stress, B. temperature, C. work, D. friction
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The mechanical advantage of a simple machine such as a pulley is the factor by which the machine changes the force applied to it. The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine is its mechanical advantage in the absence of friction. All machines must overcome friction, so the ideal mechanical advantage is always somewhat greater than the actual mechanical advantage of the machine as it is used in the real world.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: The conservation of momentum principle can be applied to systems as different as a comet striking earth and a gas containing huge numbers of atoms and these?\nA. protons, B. particles, C. ions, D. molecules\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The conservation of momentum principle can be applied to systems as different as a comet striking Earth and a gas containing huge numbers of atoms and molecules. Conservation of momentum is violated only when the net external force is not zero. But another larger system can always be considered in which momentum is conserved by simply including the source of the external force. For example, in the collision of two cars considered above, the two-car system conserves momentum while each one-car system does not. Making Connections: Take-Home Investigation—Drop of Tennis Ball and a Basketball Hold a tennis ball side by side and in contact with a basketball. Drop the balls together. (Be careful!) What happens? Explain your observations. Now hold the tennis ball above and in contact with the basketball. What happened? Explain your observations. What do you think will happen if the basketball ball is held above and in contact with the tennis ball?.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: The conservation of momentum principle can be applied to systems as different as a comet striking earth and a gas containing huge numbers of atoms and these?
A. protons, B. particles, C. ions, D. molecules
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The conservation of momentum principle can be applied to systems as different as a comet striking Earth and a gas containing huge numbers of atoms and molecules. Conservation of momentum is violated only when the net external force is not zero. But another larger system can always be considered in which momentum is conserved by simply including the source of the external force. For example, in the collision of two cars considered above, the two-car system conserves momentum while each one-car system does not. Making Connections: Take-Home Investigation—Drop of Tennis Ball and a Basketball Hold a tennis ball side by side and in contact with a basketball. Drop the balls together. (Be careful!) What happens? Explain your observations. Now hold the tennis ball above and in contact with the basketball. What happened? Explain your observations. What do you think will happen if the basketball ball is held above and in contact with the tennis ball?.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What are the small units that comprise nucleic acids?\nA. nucleotides, B. chromosomes, C. genes, D. filaments\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are built of small units called nucleotides.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What are the small units that comprise nucleic acids?
A. nucleotides, B. chromosomes, C. genes, D. filaments
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. Nucleic acids are built of small units called nucleotides.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Minerals that are not pure elements are made of what?\nA. noble gases, B. chemical compounds, C. metalloids, D. isotopes\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Minerals that are not pure elements are made of chemical compounds. For example, the mineral quartz is made of the compound silicon dioxide, or SiO 2 . This compound has one atom of the element silicon for every two atoms of the element oxygen.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Minerals that are not pure elements are made of what?
A. noble gases, B. chemical compounds, C. metalloids, D. isotopes
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Minerals that are not pure elements are made of chemical compounds. For example, the mineral quartz is made of the compound silicon dioxide, or SiO 2 . This compound has one atom of the element silicon for every two atoms of the element oxygen.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain?\nA. acids, B. ions, C. salts, D. cations\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Acids can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain?
A. acids, B. ions, C. salts, D. cations
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Acids can be classified as monoprotic or polyprotic based on the number of acidic hydrogens they contain.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the top part of water able to receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis called?\nA. thymic zone, B. fantasmic zone, C. photic zone, D. synthesis zone\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Only the top 200 meters or so of water receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis. This part of the water is called the photic zone. Below 200 meters, there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis to take place. This part of the water is called the aphotic zone. In this zone, food must come from other sources. It may be made by chemosynthesis, in which microorganisms use energy in chemicals instead of sunlight to make food. Or, food may drift down from the water above.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the top part of water able to receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis called?
A. thymic zone, B. fantasmic zone, C. photic zone, D. synthesis zone
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Only the top 200 meters or so of water receive enough sunlight for photosynthesis. This part of the water is called the photic zone. Below 200 meters, there is too little sunlight for photosynthesis to take place. This part of the water is called the aphotic zone. In this zone, food must come from other sources. It may be made by chemosynthesis, in which microorganisms use energy in chemicals instead of sunlight to make food. Or, food may drift down from the water above.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Different media affect what property of light?\nA. temperature, B. density, C. color, D. speed\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The speed of light is different in different media.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Different media affect what property of light?
A. temperature, B. density, C. color, D. speed
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The speed of light is different in different media.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Signals from rods and cones can follow several different pathways in what structure of the eye?\nA. retina, B. aperture, C. aqueous humor, D. lens\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: \nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Signals from rods and cones can follow several different pathways in what structure of the eye?
A. retina, B. aperture, C. aqueous humor, D. lens
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think:
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is the term for getting used to something after being consistently exposed to it?\nA. habituation, B. modification, C. dissociation, D. acceptance\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: One of the simplest ways of learning that occurs in just about all animals is habituation. Habituation means learning to get used to something after being exposed to it repeatedly. It usually involves getting used to something that is frightening or annoying but not dangerous.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is the term for getting used to something after being consistently exposed to it?
A. habituation, B. modification, C. dissociation, D. acceptance
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: One of the simplest ways of learning that occurs in just about all animals is habituation. Habituation means learning to get used to something after being exposed to it repeatedly. It usually involves getting used to something that is frightening or annoying but not dangerous.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What element do nuclear power plants use in fuel rods?\nA. plutonium, B. boron, C. uranium, D. magnesium\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Nuclear power plants use uranium in fuel rods. The fuel rods become nuclear waste. Nuclear waste can be dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years.\nAnswer: [answer] C [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What element do nuclear power plants use in fuel rods?
A. plutonium, B. boron, C. uranium, D. magnesium
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Nuclear power plants use uranium in fuel rods. The fuel rods become nuclear waste. Nuclear waste can be dangerous for hundreds of thousands of years.
Answer: [answer] C [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Where on earth do bacteria live?\nA. all environments, B. water, C. skin, D. blood\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. An individual prokaryote consists of a single cell without a nucleus. Bacteria live in virtually all environments on Earth. Archaea live everywhere on Earth, including extreme environments.\nAnswer: [answer] A [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Where on earth do bacteria live?
A. all environments, B. water, C. skin, D. blood
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Prokaryotes include Bacteria and Archaea. An individual prokaryote consists of a single cell without a nucleus. Bacteria live in virtually all environments on Earth. Archaea live everywhere on Earth, including extreme environments.
Answer: [answer] A [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What type of waves radiate energy out from an earthquake's focus?\nA. Microwaves, B. volcanic, C. abnormal, D. seismic\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Geologists study earthquake waves to “see” Earth's interior. Waves of energy radiate out from an earthquake’s focus. These are called seismic waves ( Figure below ). Seismic waves change speed as they move through different materials. This causes them to bend. Some seismic waves do not travel through liquids or gases. Scientists use all of this information to understand what makes up the Earth’s interior.\nAnswer: [answer] D [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What type of waves radiate energy out from an earthquake's focus?
A. Microwaves, B. volcanic, C. abnormal, D. seismic
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Geologists study earthquake waves to “see” Earth's interior. Waves of energy radiate out from an earthquake’s focus. These are called seismic waves ( Figure below ). Seismic waves change speed as they move through different materials. This causes them to bend. Some seismic waves do not travel through liquids or gases. Scientists use all of this information to understand what makes up the Earth’s interior.
Answer: [answer] D [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is a popular treatment for kidney failure?\nA. psychotherapy, B. dialysis, C. electrolysis, D. metastasis\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Uncontrolled diabetes may damage capillaries of nephrons. As a result, the kidneys lose much of their ability to filter blood. This is called kidney failure . The only cure for kidney failure is a kidney transplant, but it can be treated with dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure in which blood is filtered through a machine (see Figure below ).\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is a popular treatment for kidney failure?
A. psychotherapy, B. dialysis, C. electrolysis, D. metastasis
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Uncontrolled diabetes may damage capillaries of nephrons. As a result, the kidneys lose much of their ability to filter blood. This is called kidney failure . The only cure for kidney failure is a kidney transplant, but it can be treated with dialysis. Dialysis is a medical procedure in which blood is filtered through a machine (see Figure below ).
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: What is critical for the formation of hemoglobin?\nA. proteins, B. iron ions, C. platelets, D. salts\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: Minerals Minerals in food are inorganic compounds that work with other nutrients to ensure the body functions properly. Minerals cannot be made in the body; they come from the diet. The amount of minerals in the body is small—only 4 percent of the total body mass—and most of that consists of the minerals that the body requires in moderate quantities: potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and chloride. The most common minerals in the body are calcium and phosphorous, both of which are stored in the skeleton and necessary for the hardening of bones. Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Sodium and chloride ions are electrolytes in the blood and extracellular tissues, and iron ions are critical to the formation of hemoglobin. There are additional trace minerals that are still important to the body’s functions, but their required quantities are much lower. Like vitamins, minerals can be consumed in toxic quantities (although it is rare). A healthy diet includes most of the minerals your body requires, so supplements and processed foods can add potentially toxic levels of minerals. Table 24.5 and Table 24.6 provide a summary of minerals and their function in the body.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: What is critical for the formation of hemoglobin?
A. proteins, B. iron ions, C. platelets, D. salts
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: Minerals Minerals in food are inorganic compounds that work with other nutrients to ensure the body functions properly. Minerals cannot be made in the body; they come from the diet. The amount of minerals in the body is small—only 4 percent of the total body mass—and most of that consists of the minerals that the body requires in moderate quantities: potassium, sodium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and chloride. The most common minerals in the body are calcium and phosphorous, both of which are stored in the skeleton and necessary for the hardening of bones. Most minerals are ionized, and their ionic forms are used in physiological processes throughout the body. Sodium and chloride ions are electrolytes in the blood and extracellular tissues, and iron ions are critical to the formation of hemoglobin. There are additional trace minerals that are still important to the body’s functions, but their required quantities are much lower. Like vitamins, minerals can be consumed in toxic quantities (although it is rare). A healthy diet includes most of the minerals your body requires, so supplements and processed foods can add potentially toxic levels of minerals. Table 24.5 and Table 24.6 provide a summary of minerals and their function in the body.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
[
{
"from": "human",
"value": "Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.\nQuestion: Which hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood?\nA. serotonin and glucagon, B. insulin and glucagon, C. testosterone and insulin, D. insulin and estrogen\nWrite your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]\nOnly include your solution inside the tokens."
},
{
"from": "gpt",
"value": "Think: The pancreas is located near the stomach. Its hormones include insulin and glucagon. These two hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin causes excess blood glucose to be taken up by the liver, which stores the glucose as glycogen. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it back into the blood. The pancreas also secretes digestive enzymes into the digestive tract.\nAnswer: [answer] B [/answer]"
}
] |
<s>[INST] Given the following question and candidate answers, choose the best answer.
Question: Which hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood?
A. serotonin and glucagon, B. insulin and glucagon, C. testosterone and insulin, D. insulin and estrogen
Write your final solution clearly between the following special tokens:[answer] your_answer_here [/answer]
Only include your solution inside the tokens. [/INST]Think: The pancreas is located near the stomach. Its hormones include insulin and glucagon. These two hormones work together to control the level of glucose in the blood. Insulin causes excess blood glucose to be taken up by the liver, which stores the glucose as glycogen. Glucagon stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it back into the blood. The pancreas also secretes digestive enzymes into the digestive tract.
Answer: [answer] B [/answer]</s>
|
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