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of operations and financial condition.
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We are subject to regular review and audit by U.S. federal, state,
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local, and foreign tax authorities. For example, our 2008 to 2022 tax
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years remain subject to examination in the United States and California
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due to tax attributes and statutes of limitations, and our 2018 to 2022
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tax years remain subject to examination in Ireland. We are currently
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under examination for income taxes by the Internal Revenue Service ("RS"
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for the years 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2018. We are continuing to respond
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to inquiries related to these examinations. In December 2020, we
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received a Notice of Proposed Adjustment ("OPA" from the IRS for the
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2013 tax year relating to the valuation of our international
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intellectual property which was sold to a subsidiary in 2013. The notice
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proposed an increase to our U.S. taxable income that could result in
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additional income tax expense and cash tax liability of \$1.3 billion,
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plus penalties and interest, which exceeds our current reserve recorded
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in our consolidated financial statements by more than \$1.0 billion. We
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disagree with the proposed adjustment and intend to vigorously contest
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it. In February 2021, we submitted a protest to the IRS describing our
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disagreement with the proposed adjustment and requesting the case be
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transferred to the IRS Independent Office of Appeals ("RS Appeals". In
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December 2021, we received a rebuttal from the IRS with the same
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proposed adjustments that were in the NOPA. In January 2022, we entered
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into an administrative dispute process with IRS Appeals. We will
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continue to pursue all available remedies to resolve this dispute,
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including petitioning the U.S. Tax Court ("ax Court" for redetermination
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if an acceptable outcome cannot be reached with IRS Appeals, and if
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necessary, appealing the Tax Court' decision to the appropriate
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appellate court. If the IRS prevails in the assessment of additional tax
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due based on its position and such tax and related interest and
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penalties, if any, exceeds our current reserves, such outcome could have
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a material adverse impact on our financial position and results
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32
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of operations, and any assessment of additional tax could require a
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significant cash payment and have a material adverse impact on our cash
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flow.
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The determination of our worldwide provision for (benefit from) income
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taxes and other tax liabilities requires significant judgment by
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management, and there are many transactions where the ultimate tax
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determination is uncertain. Our provision for (benefit from) income
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taxes is also determined by the manner in which we operate our business,
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and any changes to such operations or laws applicable to such operations
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may affect our effective tax rate. Although we believe that our
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provision for (benefit from) income taxes is reasonable, the ultimate
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tax outcome may differ from the amounts recorded in our financial
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statements and could materially affect our financial results in the
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period or periods for which such determination is made. In addition, our
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future tax expense could be adversely affected by earnings being lower
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than anticipated in jurisdictions that have lower statutory tax rates
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and higher than anticipated in jurisdictions that have higher statutory
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tax rates, by changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and
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liabilities, or by changes in tax laws, regulations, or accounting
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principles. For example, we have previously incurred losses in the
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United States and certain international subsidiaries that resulted in an
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effective tax rate that is significantly higher than the statutory tax
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rate in the United States and this could continue to happen in the
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future. We may also be subject to additional tax liabilities relating to
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indirect or other non-income taxes, as described in our risk factor
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titled "---Uncertainty in the application of taxes to our Hosts, guests,
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or platform could increase our tax liabilities and may discourage Hosts
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and guests from conducting business on our platform."Our tax positions
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or tax returns are subject to change, and therefore we cannot accurately
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predict whether we may incur material additional tax liabilities in the
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future, which would materially adversely affect our results of
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operations and financial condition.
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In addition, in connection with any planned or future acquisitions, we
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may acquire businesses that have differing licenses and other
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arrangements that may be challenged by tax authorities for not being at
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arm'-length or that are potentially less tax efficient than our licenses
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and arrangements. Any subsequent integration or continued operation of
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such acquired businesses may result in an increased effective tax rate
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in certain jurisdictions or potential indirect tax costs, which could
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result in us incurring additional tax liabilities or having to establish
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a reserve in our consolidated financial statements, and materially
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adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
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*Changes in tax laws or tax rulings could materially affect our results
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of operations and financial condition.*
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The tax regimes we are subject to or operate under, including income and
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non-income (including indirect) taxes, are unsettled and may be subject
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to significant change. Changes in tax laws or tax rulings, or changes in
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interpretations of existing laws, could materially adversely affect our
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results of operations and financial condition. On August 16, 2022, the
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Inflation Reduction Act (the "RA" was signed into law in the United
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States. Among other changes, the IRA introduced a corporate minimum tax
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on certain corporations with average adjusted financial statement income
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over a three-tax year period in excess of \$1 billion and an excise tax
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on certain stock repurchases by certain covered corporations for taxable
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years beginning after December 31, 2022. The United States government
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may enact further significant changes to the taxation of business
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entities including, among other changes, an increase in the corporate
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income tax rate or significant changes to the
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taxation of income derived from international operations. The likelihood
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of these changes being enacted or implemented is unclear. In addition,
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