question
stringlengths 29
100
| answers
list | ctxs
list | nq_annotated_gold
dict |
|---|---|---|---|
when did australia 2 win the america's cup
|
[
"1983"
] |
[
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "Americans by the leeward mark. Conner then engaged \"Australia II\" in a spectacular tacking duel with nearly 50 tacks including a number of faked \"dummy\" tacks trying to break the Australians' cover. \"Australia II\" held on until both boats reached the starboard layline in amongst the spectator fleet and tacked several boat lengths ahead of \"Liberty\" and sailed to the finish to take the race. \"Australia II\" crossed the finish line with a winning margin of 41 seconds, becoming the first successful challenger in the 132 years \"since the schooner \"America\" won it in a race around England's Isle of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10282681",
"score": "1.1511111",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Australia (yacht)",
"text": "boat. \"Australia\" was built by Steve Ward in Perth and launched in February 1977. \"Australia\" then sailed in sea trials against Alan Bond's 1974 challenger, \"Southern Cross\" (KA-4), off Yanchep in Western Australia. The older boat remained a trial horse for \"Australia\" during the 1977 America's Cup series. For the 1977 America's Cup, \"Australia\" went to Newport and raced against the 1970 Australian challenger, \"Gretel II\" (KA-3), the Swedish entrant, \"Sverige\" (S-3), and the French challenger, \"France\" (F-1), led by Baron Bich. Eventually, \"Australia\" won the right to challenge for the Cup by defeating \"Sverige\" 4–0. However \"Australia\" lost to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16852064",
"score": "1.1436692",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "would explain later. \"Liberty\" won the start by eight seconds ahead of \"Australia II\" on paper but the Australians held a controlling position at the favoured end sailing toward the favoured side which gave them the early lead. \"Australia II\" was subsequently overtaken by Conner who built up what seemed to be an unassailable margin. At the start of the penultimate leg (a square run) the America's Cup looked like it would stay in Newport. Conner failed to cover \"Australia II\" which allowed them to run deeper and faster assisted by breeze and windshifts allowing \"Australia II\" to overtake the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10282680",
"score": "1.1434654",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Australia (yacht)",
"text": "Australia (yacht) Australia (KA–5) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup racing yacht that twice challenged unsuccessfully for the America's Cup in 1977 and 1980. Designed by Ben Lexcen in association with the Dutch designer Johan Valentijn for Alan Bond, \"Australia\" failed to win a single race against the 1977 defender, \"Courageous\" (US-26), but won one race against the 1980 defender, \"Freedom\" (US-30). \"Australia\" resides in Sydney, Australia. \"Australia\" was designed during 1976 by Ben Lexcen in association with the Dutch designer Johan Valentijn. Both men spent seven months experimenting with 1/9th scale models in the University of Delft test tank",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16852062",
"score": "1.1302992",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "2000 Louis Vuitton Cup",
"text": "Jamie Gale. Young Australia was Syd Fischer's final America's Cup challenge and currently was the most recent America's Cup entry from Australia. The young crew was led by James Spithill, then just 19, and included Wade Morgan, Joey Newton, and Andy Fethers. The syndicate sailed with two old boats, \"Sydney '95\" (AUS-29) and \"oneAustralia\" (AUS-31) which were not competitive against some of the newer designs sailed by competitive syndicates. Involved in the campaign were experienced sailors and America's Cup campaigners Sir James Hardy and Iain Murray. Three round robin series (RR1-RR3) were held. During RR1 a team scored 1 point",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13017669",
"score": "1.1198107",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "was the founder and tactician of the Courageous/Defender syndicate. Alan Bond arrived at Newport with \"Australia II\", billed as one of the biggest threats to American dominance of the 12 Metre class. The boat was designed by Ben Lexcen and skippered by John Bertrand. The revolutionary \"winged keel\" of the Australian yacht was a subject of controversy from the outset of the challenger series, with the New York Yacht club alleging that the winged keel boat was not a legal 12 Meter, and that the keel design itself was the result of Dutch engineers, and not by Lexcen. This second",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10282677",
"score": "1.1163274",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "America's Cup",
"text": "the NYYC had lost the cup in 132 years and 26 challenges. Alan Bond joked that the cup would be renamed \"The Australia's Cup\". For the first time since its inception the America's Cup was defended outside of the US off the coast of Fremantle. This was a new era for the cup with interest in competing being shown by many countries. Representing the San Diego Yacht Club, Conner returned to win the 1987 America's Cup. His yacht \"Stars & Stripes 87\" earned the right to challenge by winning the 1987 Louis Vuitton Cup against an unprecedented field of 13",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1461699",
"score": "1.1160107",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Jock Sturrock",
"text": "recognised as the first of the events that resurrected the America's Cup as an international sporting competition. He also skippered \"Dame Pattie\", Australia's second America's Cup challenger, in 1967, which was beaten 4–0 by the highly controversial defender \"Intrepid\". He also represented Australia multiple times as an ocean racing skipper in the Admiral's Cup (England) and the Clipper Cup (Hawaii), managed two successful Australian campaigns for the International Catamaran Challenge Trophy (the 'Little America's Cup'), and sailed in the Sydney to Hobart Yacht Race 11 times. Between 1972 and 1980 he was a member of the Olympic Fund Raising Committee.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4021938",
"score": "1.1113136",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Ben Lexcen",
"text": "tacks and a number of faked \"dummy\" tacks trying to break the Australians' cover. Australia II held on till both boats reached the starboard layline in amongst the spectator fleet and tacked several boat lengths ahead of Liberty and sailed to the finish to take the race. Australia II became the first challenger to wrest the Cup from the United States since its inception in 1870. Lexcen was made a Member of the Order of Australia for his contributions to the winning design. Lexcen was commissioned by Bond once again in 1986 to design a defender for the 1987 America's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4135981",
"score": "1.1103729",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"text": "point would have made \"Australia II\" illegal under the requirement that the boat be \"designed and constructed in country\" as the Deed of Gift that governed the competition stipulated. The boat was ruled a legal 12 Meter, and she was allowed to participate in the regatta. The speed of the new contender, along with the controversy and protests intensified international media attention to the series. \"Australia II\" dominated the challenger series and entered the America's Cup finals as the most promising contender to date. The U.S. yacht won the first and second races by margins of more than a minute",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10282678",
"score": "1.1062838",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Ben Lexcen",
"text": "often remarked that Australia II is a whole boat, not just a keel. The New York Yacht Club, holders of the Cup, formally protested both that Australia II was not a legal 12 Metre, and that the design itself was not of Australian origin. The ruling arrived at on the boat confirmed that \"Australia II\" complied with both the 12-metre class and the America's Cup rules. The questions on her design origin were not formally answered at the time, but the controversy re-emerged in 2009 (see Later claims of Dutch Design for details). Claims that Peter van Oossanen was the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4135977",
"score": "1.0962045",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Tom Schnackenberg",
"text": "Tom Schnackenberg Thomas William Schnackenberg (born 11 May 1945) is a New Zealand sailor and yacht designer best known for his involvement with the America's Cup. He was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 2000. Schnackenberg attended Auckland Grammar School before gaining a masters in physics from the University of Auckland and the University of British Columbia. Schnackenberg was first involved with the 1977 America's Cup as a sail designer for \"Enterprise\". He was involved with as a sail designer for \"Australia\" in the 1980 America's Cup before being promoted to sail co-ordinator for \"Australia II\" in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20229898",
"score": "1.0903723",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Australia (yacht)",
"text": "and was acquired, along with \"Steak N Kidney\", by the Australia 12m Historic Trust in 2011. Today, \"Australia\" is located near Drummoyne, in Sydney, alongside Steak N Kidney. Australia (yacht) Australia (KA–5) is an Australian 12-metre-class America's Cup racing yacht that twice challenged unsuccessfully for the America's Cup in 1977 and 1980. Designed by Ben Lexcen in association with the Dutch designer Johan Valentijn for Alan Bond, \"Australia\" failed to win a single race against the 1977 defender, \"Courageous\" (US-26), but won one race against the 1980 defender, \"Freedom\" (US-30). \"Australia\" resides in Sydney, Australia. \"Australia\" was designed during 1976",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16852069",
"score": "1.0875385",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Noel Robins",
"text": "an international Soling Class, was selected by Alan Bond to be the skipper of \"Australia\", the Australian challenger at the 1977 America's Cup, and was part of its crew at the 1980 America's Cup. In 1981 he skippered \"Hitchhiker II\", which won that year's Admiral's Cup in Cowes and the Two Ton World Championship in Porto Cervo, Sardinia. For the 1987 America's Cup, he was the Executive director of the America's Cup Defence Committee of the Royal Perth Yacht Club. He worked in real estate, was a commissioner of the Western Australian Waters and Rivers Commission, and was a board",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15957899",
"score": "1.0855386",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Australia II",
"text": "the official anthem for the crew. In the mid-1980s, \"Australia II\" was sold by Alan Bond to the Australian government. She was lent to the Australian National Maritime Museum in Sydney for display in 1991. In 2000, \"Australia II\" was removed from the National Maritime Museum and transferred to the Western Australian Maritime Museum in Fremantle. For the 150th anniversary celebrations of the America's Cup in 2001, she was removed from the museum and shipped to the Isle of Wight, sailing with the original crew for several days of commemorative regattas. \"Australia II\" was returned to the Western Australian Maritime",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1824912",
"score": "1.0803919",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "New Zealand Challenge",
"text": "on their first attempt. New Zealand Challenge New Zealand Challenge was a sailing team funded by Michael Fay that challenged for the America's Cup three times between 1987 and 1992. New Zealand Challenge was the first team from New Zealand to enter the competition. New Zealand entered the America's Cup competition in 1984, when Marcel Fachler, a Belgian then living in Sydney, entered as a challenger following \"Australia II's\" victory. Later the campaign's director, former government minister Anthony \"Aussie\" Malcolm, brought in Michael Fay to help organize and finance the challenge. The team made use of former US 12 Meter",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13958095",
"score": "1.0764717",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "1983 Louis Vuitton Cup",
"text": "the West of Australia. During the Louis Vuitton Cup, \"Challenge 12\" was skippered by John Savage and the crew included Graeme 'Frizzle' Freeman, Michael Fletcher (later \"Australia II's\" sailing coach) and Damian Fewster (who later sailed with \"Australia II\" in the America's Cup victory as a replacement crew member). \"Challenge 12\" was later used to prepare \"Australia II\" for the America's Cup and was skippered by James Hardy. Managed by Luca Cordero di Montezemolo and funded by Aga Khan IV and Gianni Agnelli, Azzura was formed in 1982. Ambrosini was involved with the construction of the yacht \"Azzurra\" (I-4), and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14481457",
"score": "1.0753067",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Sport in New Zealand",
"text": "and are currently the only country apart from Australia to have won World Champs, (1956,1998) which is respectable considering the comparatively small size of the sport in the country. Auckland hosted consecutive America's Cup regattas in 2000 and 2003. In 2000, Team New Zealand successfully defended the trophy they won in 1995 in San Diego, but in 2003 they lost to a team headed by Ernesto Bertarelli of Switzerland whose \"Alinghi\" was skippered by Russell Coutts, the expatriate Kiwi who helmed the victorious \"Black Magic\" in 1995 and \"New Zealand\" in 2000 as well as many other Kiwis. Coutts and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4957171",
"score": "1.0745944",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "1983 Louis Vuitton Cup",
"text": "a hundred years. Their boat \"Canada\" would be completely revamped and compete again three years later at the 1987 Cup as \"Canada II\". A Sydney challenger owned and run by Australian sailing legend, Syd Fischer. A very radical but ultimately slow design by Alan Payne, the designer of Gretel I and II. Skippered by 18-foot skiff champion, Iain Murray. \"11 August - 24 August\"<br> In the semi-finals the four qualifiers sailed against each other competitor three times. \"Australia II\" and \"Victory '83\" advanced to the finals. \"28 August - 8 September\"<br> \"Australia II\" defeated \"Victory '83\" 4-1 in the final",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14481459",
"score": "1.0742939",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "1987 America's Cup",
"text": "between Alan Bond's \"Australia IV\" and \"Kookaburra III\" of Kevin Parry's Taskforce 87 syndicate, with \"Kookaburra III\" sweeping the finals five races to nil to win the Defender selection process. In doing so she placed Alan Bond's syndicate on the outside of an America's Cup regatta for the first time in thirteen years. The best-of-seven final series were scheduled to be held between 31 January and 15 February 1987. There being a four-nil result, the final race was held on 4 February. 1987 America's Cup The 1987 America's Cup was the twenty-sixth challenge for the America's Cup. The American challenger",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11601576",
"score": "1.0742176",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "2011–13 America's Cup World Series",
"text": "on loan to Ben Ainslie Racing and HS Racing, which withdrew from the competition. After reallocating points, overall winner for 2011/2012 was declared to be Team New Zealand, and for 2012/2013 it was Luna Rossa Piranha. 2011–13 America's Cup World Series The inaugural America's Cup World Series were held between 2011 and 2013 in the lead up to the 2013 America's Cup. They were raced in AC45 catamarans. The competition was rocked by a cheating scandal in which Oracle Team USA had made an unauthorized modification by using additional ballast. The team withdrew from the competition on 8 August 2013.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15717778",
"score": "1.0727723",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Tom Schnackenberg",
"text": "Honours) and the Order of Australia medal. Schnackenberg worked with Artemis Racing in the lead up to the 2013 America's Cup as their head of performance and design. Tom Schnackenberg Thomas William Schnackenberg (born 11 May 1945) is a New Zealand sailor and yacht designer best known for his involvement with the America's Cup. He was inducted into the America's Cup Hall of Fame in 2000. Schnackenberg attended Auckland Grammar School before gaining a masters in physics from the University of Auckland and the University of British Columbia. Schnackenberg was first involved with the 1977 America's Cup as a sail",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20229901",
"score": "1.0661889",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "1987 America's Cup",
"text": "1987 America's Cup The 1987 America's Cup was the twenty-sixth challenge for the America's Cup. The American challenger \"Stars & Stripes 87\", sailed by Dennis Conner, beat the Australian defender \"Kookaburra III\", sailed by Iain Murray, four wins to nil in the best of seven series. Conner thus became the first person both to lose the America's Cup and then to win it back. The series was held in Gage Roads off Fremantle, Western Australia during the Australian summer months between October 1986 and February 1987. The Royal Perth Yacht Club was the defending club and the organiser of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11601564",
"score": "1.0623448",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
},
{
"title": "New Zealand Challenge",
"text": "New Zealand Challenge New Zealand Challenge was a sailing team funded by Michael Fay that challenged for the America's Cup three times between 1987 and 1992. New Zealand Challenge was the first team from New Zealand to enter the competition. New Zealand entered the America's Cup competition in 1984, when Marcel Fachler, a Belgian then living in Sydney, entered as a challenger following \"Australia II's\" victory. Later the campaign's director, former government minister Anthony \"Aussie\" Malcolm, brought in Michael Fay to help organize and finance the challenge. The team made use of former US 12 Meter \"Enterprise\" (now registered as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13958086",
"score": "1.0613691",
"original_retrieval_index": 44
},
{
"title": "Australia II",
"text": "all-kevlar running rigging and a lightweight carbon fibre boom. In 2009, Dutch naval architect Peter van Oossanen claimed that the winged keel was actually designed by him and his group of Dutch designers, and not Ben Lexcen. If true, this would have been reason to disqualify \"Australia II\", since the rules state that the yacht is to be designed by citizens of the nation it represents. The controversy arose due to cup rules allowing designers to use model basins for testing that are not located in the challenging country. Model testing was performed in the Netherlands and Peter van Oossanen",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1824907",
"score": "1.0611188",
"original_retrieval_index": 45
},
{
"title": "Louis Vuitton Cup",
"text": "Cup series that led up to the main event. Louis Vuitton offered a trophy to the winner of the challenger selection series; the idea was Paul Madden's, but is generally credited to Bruno Trouble, a French yachtsman. The initial Louis Vuitton Cup was contested off Newport, United States, with \"Australia II\" prevailing, thereby earning the right to meet the NYYC’s defending yacht \"Liberty\" in that year’s America’s Cup. With the exception of the America's Cup races in 1988 and 2010, the winner of the Louis Vuitton Cup has been awarded the right to challenge the current defender for the America's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4215080",
"score": "1.0605699",
"original_retrieval_index": 46
},
{
"title": "America's Cup",
"text": "Robertson and Sons Ltd (Yachtbuilders), for a Royal Yacht Squadron Syndicate, chaired by Hugh Goodson. The first Australian challenge was in 1962, when \"Gretel\" lost to the NYYC's \"Weatherly\", designed by Philip Rhodes. A second Boyd/Robertson challenger, \"Sovereign\", lost to the Olin Stephens–designed \"Constellation\" in 1964. In 1967, another Australian challenger, \"Dame Pattie,\" lost to the innovative Olin Stephens design \"Intrepid\" (which won again in 1970, to become the second yacht, after \"Columbia\" of 1899-1901, to defend the Cup twice). For the 1970 America's Cup, interest in challenging was so high that the NYYC allowed the Challenger of Record (the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1461695",
"score": "1.0591694",
"original_retrieval_index": 48
},
{
"title": "America's Cup",
"text": "4–1. In 1995, the Royal New Zealand Yacht Squadron syndicate Team New Zealand, skippered by Russell Coutts, first won the challenger series in \"NZL 32\", dubbed \"Black Magic\" because of her black hull and uncanny speed. Black Magic then easily defeated Dennis Connor's Stars & Stripes team, 5–0, to win the cup for New Zealand. Although team Young America's cup candidate yacht \"USA-36\" was defeated in defender trials by Stars & Stripes' \"USA-34\", the San Diego Yacht Club elected to defend the cup with \"USA-36\" crewed by Stars & Stripes. The run-up to the 1995 Cup was notable for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1461707",
"score": "1.0554625",
"original_retrieval_index": 51
},
{
"title": "Peter Gilmour",
"text": "complete the comeback. He then went on to be crowned Tour Champion again in 2005 – '06. Australian Peter Gilmour is one of the most respected and feared competitors on World Match Racing Tour. After all, he is a three-time World Champion of Match Race Sailing. But he’s also one of the most knowledgeable skippers on the Tour. That knowledge comes not only from years on the match-race circuit, but also five different syndicates for the America’s Cup. Gilmour’s Cup career began with the 1987 defense in Perth, Western Australia, when he was the starting helmsman for Kevin Parry’s Kookaburra",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14875695",
"score": "1.0545566",
"original_retrieval_index": 53
}
] |
{
"title": "1983 America's Cup",
"long_answer": "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 1983 America's Cup was the occasion of the first winning challenge to the New York Yacht Club, which had successfully defended the cup over a period of 132 years. An Australian syndicate representing the Royal Perth Yacht Club fielded the Australia II, skippered by John Bertrand, against defender Liberty, skippered by Dennis Conner. Australia II won the match races to win the America's Cup, ending the longest winning streak in sporting history and ending U.S. domination of the racing series.",
"short_answers": [
"1983"
]
}
|
where do the maple leafs play hockey in toronto
|
[
"Air Canada Centre",
"the Air Canada Centre"
] |
[
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "Southwestern Ontario. As a result, Leafs’ road games at the Canadian Tire Centre in Ottawa, KeyBank Center in Buffalo, and at the Little Caesars Arena in Detroit host a more neutral attendance. This is due in part to the Leafs fans in those areas, those cities' proximity to the GTA, and the relative ease in getting tickets to those teams' games. The Leafs are also a popular team in Atlantic Canada. In November 2016, a survey was conducted that found 20 percent of respondents from Atlantic Canada viewed the Leafs as their favourite team; second only to the Montreal Canadiens",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "785866",
"score": "1.0641428",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (semi-pro baseball)",
"text": "Toronto Maple Leafs (semi-pro baseball) The Toronto Maple Leafs are an independent, minor league baseball team of the semi-pro Intercounty Baseball League, based in Toronto, Ontario. They play their home games on \"Dominico Field\" at Christie Pits. They are also known colloquially as the Intercounty Maple Leafs or the Intercounty Leafs to disambiguate themselves from the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team. The Maple Leafs baseball team began play in 1969, the second season after the original Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team of the AAA International League moved to Louisville, Kentucky. In their inaugural year, the new Leafs lost 23 games,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5074929",
"score": "1.037499",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "and the North York Hockey League. Toronto is also home to the CWHL's (Canadian Women's Hockey League) Toronto Furies, a professional women's hockey team. Professional baseball has had a presence in the city at the minor league level since 1896 with the Toronto Maple Leafs of the AAA International League. It was in a game against the Leafs on September 4, 1914 at Hanlan's Point Stadium where Babe Ruth hit his first ever professional home run while also pitching a complete game one-hitter for the visiting Providence Grays. Hall of famer Sparky Anderson was also a member of the Leafs",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056577",
"score": "1.030227",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "it played through 1911. The club relocated to Albany, New York for part of the 1896 season, but started and finished the year in Toronto. In 1897, the team began playing its home games on the Toronto Islands at Hanlan's Point Stadium. The stadium and the team were owned by the Toronto Ferry Company. In 1900, a group of 52 Toronto businessmen, spearheaded by Ed Barrow and Ed Mack, a tailor and former ballplayer, bought the team for . The club constructed a new stadium at Liberty Street and Fraser Avenue, called Diamond Park. Led by Barrow, the Leafs won",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024833",
"score": "1.0240607",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "Toronto Maple Leafs The Toronto Maple Leafs (officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club and often simply referred to as the Leafs) are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated value of US $1.45 billion in 2018 according to \"Forbes\", the Maple Leafs are the second most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the New York Rangers. The Maple Leafs'",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "785799",
"score": "1.0221387",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (semi-pro baseball)",
"text": "Toronto Blue Jays pitcher Paul Spoljaric (2002–2007). Toronto Maple Leafs (semi-pro baseball) The Toronto Maple Leafs are an independent, minor league baseball team of the semi-pro Intercounty Baseball League, based in Toronto, Ontario. They play their home games on \"Dominico Field\" at Christie Pits. They are also known colloquially as the Intercounty Maple Leafs or the Intercounty Leafs to disambiguate themselves from the Toronto Maple Leafs hockey team. The Maple Leafs baseball team began play in 1969, the second season after the original Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team of the AAA International League moved to Louisville, Kentucky. In their inaugural",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5074932",
"score": "1.0212224",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "played the next two seasons out of Maple Leaf Gardens. The team played their final game in Toronto in 1976, after which a drop in attendance and onerous lease terms at the Gardens forced them to relocate to Birmingham, Alabama as the Birmingham Bulls. In the early 1980s, Ballard and the owner of the Edmonton Oilers discussed to possibility of the franchise swapping home cities with the Maple Leafs, with Ballard receiving $50 million to compensate him for relocating to the smaller city, but the deal fell through. There have been numerous attempts to establish a second NHL team in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056574",
"score": "1.012946",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "Bear, an anthropomorphic polar bear whose name and number (#60) comes from the location of Maple Leaf Gardens at 60 Carlton Street, where the Leafs played throughout much of their history. Carlton made his first public appearance on July 29, 1995. He later made his regular season appearance on October 10, 1995. The Maple Leafs are presently affiliated with two minor league teams, the Toronto Marlies of the American Hockey League, and the Newfoundland Growlers of the ECHL. The Marlies play from Coca-Cola Coliseum in Toronto. Prior to its move to Coca-Cola Coliseum in 2005, the team was located in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "785894",
"score": "1.0120317",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) The Toronto Maple Leafs were a high-level minor league baseball club located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that played from 1896 to 1967. While the Maple Leafs had working agreements with numerous Major League Baseball clubs after the introduction of farm systems in the 1930s, they achieved great success as an unaffiliated club during the 1950s, when they were the strongest team on the field and in attendance in the Triple-A International League. The 1902, 1918, 1920, 1926, and 1960 teams were recognized as being among the 100 greatest minor league teams of all time. Toronto",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024830",
"score": "1.0079404",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated worth of US $1.1 billion in 2016 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. The team's broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The club moved to their present home, the Air Canada Centre in February 1999.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "Toronto has teams in nearly every major professional sport, including the Toronto Blue Jays (MLB), Toronto Argonauts (CFL), Toronto Raptors (NBA), Toronto Rock (NLL), Toronto FC (MLS), Toronto Arrows (MLR) and the Toronto Maple Leafs (NHL). Throughout the sports world, Toronto is perhaps best known for the Toronto Maple Leafs. Although Toronto has not won a Stanley Cup since 1967, the city is renowned as a hockey town. Scotiabank Arena (home of the Leafs, Raptors, and Rock) and Rogers Centre (home of the Blue Jays) are located in the downtown core and are within walking distance from one another via",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056563",
"score": "1.0073801",
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},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs in popular culture",
"text": "silence prior to their game, as well as lower the banner of Barilko's retired number. College station of the Toronto subway system feature a pair of murals called \"Hockey Knights in Canada\", named after \"Hockey Night in Canada\"; one depicting the Toronto Maple Leafs on the southbound side and facing the Montreal Canadiens on the northbound side, depicting the decades-old rivalry between the two clubs. They were created by Charles Pachter in 1984, when the Toronto Maple Leafs still played at nearby Maple Leaf Gardens. Toronto Maple Leafs in popular culture The National Hockey League (NHL)'s Toronto Maple Leafs has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20603444",
"score": "0.998737",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Toronto",
"text": "the American Hockey League also play in Toronto at Coca-Cola Coliseum and are the farm team for the Maple Leafs. The city is home to the Toronto Blue Jays professional baseball team of Major League Baseball (MLB). The team has won two World Series titles (1992, 1993). The Blue Jays play their home games at the Rogers Centre, in the downtown core. Toronto has a long history of minor-league professional baseball dating back to the 1800s, culminating in the Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team, whose owner first proposed an MLB team for Toronto. The Toronto Raptors entered the National Basketball",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "744876",
"score": "0.9953064",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Mutual Street Arena",
"text": "League (NHL) for Toronto was operated by the Toronto Arena itself. The franchise was operated by the Arena for two years before being sold to become the Toronto St. Patricks. The St. Pats became the Toronto Maple Leafs in 1927, and played at Arena Gardens until the completion of Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. Until 1923, the Arena was the only facility east of Manitoba with artificial ice-making capability. With this in mind, the St. Pats often let other teams use the Arena as a neutral site during the early and late months of the season, when it was usually",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3255719",
"score": "0.994028",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "farm team, the St. John's Maple Leafs, from St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador to Toronto as the Toronto Marlies in 2005. Toronto has also hosted various international hockey tournaments: hosting parts of the 1972 and 1974 Summit Series; parts of the 1976 and 1991 Canada Cups; parts of the 2004 World Cup of Hockey & all of the 2016 edition; and parts of the 2015 & 2017 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships. Participation in minor hockey is very popular. The Greater Toronto Area is home to the Greater Toronto Hockey League (GTHL), the largest minor hockey league in the world,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056576",
"score": "0.9926995",
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},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "lacrosse teams. A team named the Toronto Maple Leafs competed in the first season of the professional International Lacrosse League in 1931 at the Arena Gardens. Following the season, a new franchise was awarded to Conn Smythe on behalf of Maple Leaf Gardens Ltd. (MLGL), which was also named the Toronto Maple Leafs, with the previous season's Maple Leafs being renamed the Tecumsehs. Both teams played at the newly opened Maple Leaf Gardens. Smythe pulled out following the season due to financial losses, and the league didn't play the following year. Toronto also had a team in the American Box",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056624",
"score": "0.99103177",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Sports in Toronto",
"text": "the Greater Toronto Area or nearby Hamilton. The latter briefly had the Hamilton Tigers in the NHL from 1920, when local interests purchased and relocated the Quebec Bulldogs, until 1925 when they folded. In 2003, the Toronto Roadrunners of the American Hockey League played their inaugural season out of a renovated Ricoh Coliseum in Exhibition Place. They served as a farm club for the NHL's Edmonton Oilers. After a season of bad attendance, the team relocated to Edmonton, Alberta. However, with the Ricoh Coliseum vacated, a new tenant for the facility was found with the Maple Leafs relocating their AHL",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10056575",
"score": "0.9884583",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "the club's uniform, and their mascot. The Maple Leafs' jersey has a long history and is one of the best-selling NHL jerseys among fans. The club's uniforms have been altered several times. The club's first uniforms were blue and featured the letter T. The first major alteration came in 1919, when the club was renamed the St. Patricks. The uniforms were green with \"Toronto St. Pats\" on the logo, lettered in green either on a white \"pill\" shape or stripes. When the club was renamed the Maple Leafs in the 1927–28 season, the logo was changed, and the team reverted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "785882",
"score": "0.9854797",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Toronto St. Patricks",
"text": "secondly it was the name of the Toronto Maple Leaf Baseball Club 1896-1967. They played from Maple Leaf Stadium since 1926. The St. Pats organization had operated amateur hockey clubs in the Toronto area since the first decade of the 1900s, including the senior amateur St. Patricks team in the Ontario Hockey Association. The Toronto franchise of the National Hockey League (NHL), since the NHL's founding in 1917, had been operated by the Arena Company, operators of the Arena Gardens in Toronto. The Arena Company had been granted a temporary franchise for the 1917-18 season, and leased the players from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1948722",
"score": "0.9852152",
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},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "over its last four seasons in Toronto. The final home game, on September 4, 1967, drew a paid attendance of 802. During their last season, Hunter was in discussions to sell the club, hoping to find an owner to keep the team in Toronto. The asking price was $60,000. Maple Leaf Gardens Limited, owner of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League, held negotiations to purchase the club, but the deal ultimately fell apart due to concerns about the team's stadium, which needed up to $250,000 in repairs and whose owner wanted $4 million to purchase it. Harold",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024848",
"score": "0.9769585",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Maple Leaf Gardens",
"text": "Elvis Presley performed in concert (April 2, 1957). In 1972, Maple Leaf Gardens hosted game 2 of the famous Summit Series between Team Canada and the USSR. Team Canada won the game 4–1. The Toronto Maple Leafs had been playing in the Arena Gardens on Mutual Street. It was built in 1912 and held 7,500 spectators for ice hockey. By 1930, Leafs managing director Conn Smythe decided the Arena was too small and he wanted to build a new arena, larger and more impressive. After considering various sites, the site at the corner of Carlton and Church was purchased from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3328456",
"score": "0.97556865",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs in popular culture",
"text": "song “When I Need You” (1976), he walks on the beach in Brighton, U.K. wearing a Toronto Maple Leafs sweater under his half done-up jacket. In 1990 live videos for the song \"F*!#in' Up\", Neil Young sports a Toronto Maple Leafs jersey. In 1992, Canadian rock band The Tragically Hip released the song \"Fifty Mission Cap\", which memorialized Bill Barilko. Barilko scored the series winning goal for the 1950 Stanley Cup Finals before disappearing months later. On October 17, 2017, several days after the death of The Tragically Hip's lead singer Gord Downie, the Maple Leafs held a moment of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20603443",
"score": "0.97537345",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Diamond Park (Toronto)",
"text": "Diamond Park (Toronto) Diamond Park was a baseball stadium in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was the home of the Toronto Maple Leafs professional baseball club from 1901 until 1907. It was located at the south-east corner of Liberty Street and Fraser Avenue. The stadium was also used for rugby football and lacrosse. The Maple Leafs, who had been playing at Hanlan's Point Stadium on the Toronto Islands were sold in 1900 to a group of 52 Toronto businessmen, spearheaded by Ed Mack, a tailor and former baseball player. The organization decided to construct a new stadium for the team on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19614209",
"score": "0.97112644",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Toronto Marlies",
"text": "John's was the only remaining team in the region. Although the team was extremely popular and had excellent attendance, the parent Maple Leafs wanted to cut back on escalating travel costs; by the time of the team's final season in Newfoundland, their nearest opponent was the Portland Pirates, away. Additionally, Ricoh Coliseum had recently been renovated for hockey use, and the NHL Leafs were looking to place a team there. These factors resulted in the team's relocation to Toronto for the 2005–06 season. The team is named after the former Toronto Marlboros, a junior hockey team that played in Toronto",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4788976",
"score": "0.9711045",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "were counted as hits \"Source: Baseball's Back in Town by Louis Cauz, Controlled Media Corporation Inc., 1977\" The Maple Leafs were affiliated with the following major league teams: Notes Sources Toronto Maple Leafs (International League) The Toronto Maple Leafs were a high-level minor league baseball club located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, that played from 1896 to 1967. While the Maple Leafs had working agreements with numerous Major League Baseball clubs after the introduction of farm systems in the 1930s, they achieved great success as an unaffiliated club during the 1950s, when they were the strongest team on the field and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024852",
"score": "0.96889806",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "was without professional baseball from 1968 to 1976, when the American League added the Toronto Blue Jays via the 1977 Major League Baseball expansion. The first Toronto baseball organization, the Toronto Baseball Club, played in the Canadian League in 1885, playing its home games at William Cawthra's Jarvis Street Lacrosse Grounds (Old Lacrosse Grounds) at the northwest corner of Jarvis and Wellesley Street. It finished the season in third place. The next year, renamed the Toronto Canucks, the team left the Canadian League along with Hamilton to join the original International League (also known as the International Association), where it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024831",
"score": "0.96780735",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs in popular culture",
"text": "Toronto Maple Leafs in popular culture The National Hockey League (NHL)'s Toronto Maple Leafs has been the point of subject for a number of media in Canadian popular culture, including artworks, books, novels, and songs. References to the Toronto Maple Leafs have been made typically in association with the city of Toronto, such as the case in the beginning of the 2010 spy film \"Fair Game\". During the scene, CIA agent Valerie Plame was being questioned by a suspicious weapons trafficker. He asks her if she is an American, and after responding that she is Canadian, he asks her about",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20603436",
"score": "0.9662547",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs (International League)",
"text": "with Howley back as manager. The following year, the National Hockey League team, the Toronto St. Patricks, changed its own nickname to Maple Leafs. The Maple Leafs struggled through the 1930s, both on and off the field. In 1931, ownership of Maple Leaf Stadium passed to the Toronto Harbour Commission after the club was unable to pay taxes and other debts. Shortly after, club president Solman died, with George Oakley succeeding him in May 1931. At the same time, J. P. Bickell joined the team's board of directors. The 1932 Maple Leafs lost 113 games and only attracted 50,000 fans",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6024838",
"score": "0.9635945",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment",
"text": "as the St. John's Maple Leafs (1991–2005), the team moved to Toronto as the Toronto Marlies (named after the company's former junior team) where they have been playing ever since. The Toronto Marlboros served as a junior farm team for the Maple Leafs for 40 years until direct NHL sponsorship of junior clubs ended in 1967 when the NHL made the Entry Draft universal. In October 1988, with the team losing hundreds of thousands of dollars a year, MLGL reached an agreement to sell the Marlboros for a reported $500,000, severing their ties with the Maple Leafs. However, the Leafs",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5415286",
"score": "0.9610032",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "History of the Toronto Maple Leafs",
"text": "Limited (MLGL, later renamed Maple Leafs Sports & Entertainment in 1998), a publicly traded management company to own both the Maple Leafs and the planned arena. The Maple Leafs played their first game at Maple Leaf Gardens in November, 1931. For most of the 1930s, the team was led by The Kid Line. The line led the Maple Leafs to win the 1932 Stanley Cup Finals, as well as four more Stanley Cup appearances in the following six years. As a result of the Great Depression, a number of NHL franchises financially struggled, suspended operations and folded. By the 1942–43",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10621474",
"score": "0.96057516",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Toronto Maple Leafs",
"long_answer": "The Toronto Maple Leafs (officially the Toronto Maple Leaf Hockey Club) are a professional ice hockey team based in Toronto, Ontario. They are members of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League (NHL). The club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated worth of US $1.1 billion in 2016 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. The team's broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The club moved to their present home, the Air Canada Centre in February 1999.",
"chunked_long_answer": "club is owned by Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment, Ltd. and are represented by Chairman Larry Tanenbaum. With an estimated worth of US $1.1 billion in 2016 according to Forbes, the Leafs are the third most valuable franchise in the NHL, after the Montreal Canadiens and the New York Rangers. The team's broadcasting rights are split between BCE Inc. and Rogers Communication. For their first 14 seasons, the club played their home games at the Mutual Street Arena, before moving to Maple Leaf Gardens in 1931. The club moved to their present home, the Air Canada Centre in February 1999.",
"short_answers": [
"Air Canada Centre",
"the Air Canada Centre"
]
}
|
who is hosting e live from the red carpet
|
[
"Ryan Seacrest",
"Giuliana Rancic"
] |
[
{
"title": "Live from the Red Carpet",
"text": "correspond with it: In 2005 TV Guide channel begin airing its own red carpet pre-show. The program got Joan Rivers and her daughter Melissa Rivers to host the program for a reported $8 million for three years. The UK Edition is aired for the British Academy Film Awards and is hosted by Dermot O'Leary and Fearne Cotton. Live from the Red Carpet Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10878257",
"score": "1.2360134",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Debbie Matenopoulos",
"text": "same year, she became one of the three hosts on E!'s weeknight celebrity gossip and pop culture series, \"The Daily 10\", a position she held until August 2009. While at E!, Debbie also hosted \"Fashion Police\", \"Live from the Red Carpet\", and the Style Network's \"Instant Beauty Pageant\". On July 25, 2006, over seven years after her last appearance on \"The View\", she was invited back as a special guest co-host for a day, the first of many subsequent guest appearances she has made on the show over the years. Matenopoulos has also been a frequent contributor to VH1 specials,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5147648",
"score": "1.0273445",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Ryan Seacrest",
"text": "McCarthy, who had co-hosted for eight years. In January 2006, US cable channel E! announced a three-year, $21 million deal for Seacrest to host various programs, including \"E! News\" and its red carpet awards show coverages (E!'s signature piece of original programming). In April 2012, Seacrest signed a deal with NBCUniversal expanding his on-air role beyond E! to NBC. He contributed to the \"Today Show,\" Olympics coverage, entertainment programming, as well as news and other special events. Seacrest will remain managing editor of \"E! News\" and host and produce its red carpet awards show coverage. In September 2012, Seacrest left",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9630563",
"score": "1.0128131",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "On the Red Carpet",
"text": "weekend slotted show with stations scheduling it in the access hour and late-fringe time-slots. The series was sold on an all-barter basis to stations with the ad split, 4 minutes local and three three-and-a-half minutes national per episode. It was hosted by Miss USA 2007 winner Rachel Smith and produced by KABC-TV’s news department. The episodes are shot on location instead of in studio. The show is composed of celebrity news, exclusive set visits, first looks at upcoming film and television projects, and one-on-one interviews with Hollywood talents and celebrities. On the Red Carpet On The Red Carpet (OTRC) is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15677559",
"score": "1.0122799",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Fashion Police",
"text": "to E! with the program running the day after events, rather than airing live from the red carpet. The series became a weekly program on September 10, 2010, where they continue to discuss the dos and don'ts of celebrity fashion. The show started as a half-hour program but expanded to one hour on March 9, 2012. Rivers died on September 4, 2014; two weeks later, it was announced that the series will continue without her. On December 1, 2014, E! announced that comedian Kathy Griffin will replace Rivers as host starting in January 2015. She will be joined by celebrity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "652770",
"score": "0.98650885",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "On the Red Carpet",
"text": "on September 14, 2013 with a return to a single host, mainly on ABC affiliates and usually airing on Saturday or Sunday afternoons against sports on other networks. On June 27, 2014, the OTRC.com website was shut down with the show using social media instead for content releases. The syndicated program ended production with their September 13, 2014 edition, but the \"On the Red Carpet\" banner will remain for KABC's Oscars coverage in the future. In its form, \"On The Red Carpet\" aired for half an hour every Sunday evening at 6:30 p.m. on KABC and is designed as a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15677558",
"score": "0.9771199",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Louise Roe",
"text": "and hosting web segments for Vogue.com, she moved to Los Angeles, California. She appeared in the second season of the MTV show \"The City\". She also hosted The CW TV show \"Plain Jane\". In 2011, she was an on-air correspondent for E! during its royal wedding coverage on Friday 29 April. On 6 November 2011, she hosted the MTV Europe Music Awards Red Carpet Show in 2011 and later again in 2012 and 2013. In 2012, she was chosen to replace Elle Macpherson as host of the second season of NBC's reality competition program \"Fashion Star\". The series premiered on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13861879",
"score": "0.9742267",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Academy Awards pre-show",
"text": "later) began their red carpet pre-shows with focus on fashion. It would pass another decade, in 1999, when the AMPAS eventually produced its own red carpet pre-show to air on ABC. KABC-TV continues to produce its own pre- and post-show editions of its syndicated entertainment program \"On the Red Carpet\", which air on some ABC affiliates and O&Os as a compliment to network coverage. Although other broadcasters (including, , CNN, E!, and Pop) may air their own red carpet coverage, ABC has an exclusive window during the final hour before the ceremony (4:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. PT) during which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13110037",
"score": "0.96980643",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Caroline Lesley",
"text": "www.ew.com from 2006-2009. She covered red carpets for EW parties, film festivals (including Sundance and Toronto International Film Festival) and Emmy and Oscar parties. She interviewed many celebrities, including Justin Timberlake, Jennifer Lopez, Brad Pitt, Angelina Jolie and Al Gore. Lesley covered the red carpet for the opening of \"Billy Elliot\" on Broadway and appeared in the \"Finding Billy\" documentary produced by Universal along with Elton John. She also covered the Tony Awards red carpet. She hosted two internet-only shows called \"Simple Do's and Don'ts\" and \"The Captain Humphrey's Project.\" Lesley was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She was raised",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7511451",
"score": "0.96906525",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Live from the Red Carpet",
"text": "Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Kathryn Eisman",
"text": "Bachelor in Communications from the University of Technology Sydney and has worked in different TV shows and media outlets in Australia and the US. She was the lifestyle reporter for WNBC’s TODAY In New York and also reported for Live at 5 news cast and was the host of WNBC's Behind the scenes: Made in NYEisman has supervised all Fashion and Lifestyle content in E! News and hosted television shows, including ‘The Timid Girls Guide To Life’ on The Style Network and “BTS” on NBC and Yahoo’s Secrets To Your Success as well as be the LA Correspondent channel ten’s",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17270573",
"score": "0.96396434",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Ebs Akintade",
"text": "(GUKPT) for Channel 4 (2006) and for Challenge TV (2007). In 2009 and 2010 he was one of the main Red Carpet hosts for the 53rd and 54th BFI London Film Festival in Leicester Square interviewing everyone from Noel Fielding, Gabourey Sidibe, Andy Serkis, London Mayor Boris Johnson and Jane Campion. In October 2012 he was the main red carpet interviewer for the British Urban Film Festival and at the UK Premiere of Whitney Houston’s final movie: Sparkle He joined 107.8 Radio Jackie in July 2010 as traffic reporter and entertainment correspondent interviewing the likes of Alistair McGowan, Frank Bruno",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16944897",
"score": "0.9613348",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Chris Harrison",
"text": "Harrison hosted the American Music Awards pre-show live on ABC. His co-hosts were \"Dancing with the Stars\" judge Carrie Ann Inaba, and Pussycat Dolls member Nicole Scherzinger. The TV Guide Network, now known as \"Pop,\" announced that Harrison was signed to anchor its live red carpet awards coverage, beginning with the 2009 Primetime Emmy Awards in September. In 2011, Harrison and Brooke Burns co-hosted the game show \"You Deserve It\". He has also co-hosted \"Hollywood 411\" on the former TV Guide Network. He has hosted \"Designers' Challenge\" on HGTV and \"Mall Masters\" on the Game Show Network. In April 2015,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9573466",
"score": "0.9578682",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Entertainment Live",
"text": "and handling both ASAP 2012 and Myx. Entertainment Live Entertainment Live (also known as E-Live) is a Philippine showbiz oriented talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN airing every Saturday afternoon after the defunct noontime show \"Happy Yipee Yehey!\". The show premiered August 4, 2007 and was first hosted by the \"Pinoy Big Brother\" hosts, Toni Gonzaga, Mariel Rodriguez, and Bianca Gonzales. In 2008, Luis Manzano was added as a co-host of the show. Due to Kris Aquino's absence in her talk shows In 2010, Gonzaga replaced her in \"The Buzz\" while Gonzalez replaced her in \"\". In 2010, the new co-hosts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10678852",
"score": "0.9572784",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Alesha Dixon",
"text": "Awards\" and presented the \"Live From the Red Carpet\" show at the 62nd British Academy Film Awards for E!. She has also been a guest on BBC One's current affairs programme \"This Week\" on two occasions, in November 2006 and December 2007. In 2008, Dixon presented her own mini-documentary entitled \"Alesha: Look But Don't Touch\", which aired on the BBC and featured a guest appearance from Cheryl Cole. The show explored \"improvement\" by digital technology in order to understand the impact all these \"perfect\" images have on society. In 2009, it was reported that Dixon was in talks with television",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
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},
{
"title": "Golden Globe Award",
"text": "January 13 press conference, announcing the winners at 6:00pm PST. As a result, E!, CNN, the TV Guide Network and KNBC-TV, the network's Los Angeles owned-and-operated affiliate, aired the 31-minute event, emanating from the Grand Ballroom of the Beverly Hilton Hotel live, leaving NBC to fill the hour from 9:00–10:00pm ET with announcements, made after-the-fact by \"Access Hollywood\" hosts Billy Bush and Nancy O'Dell. The remaining hours of programming, set aside for the ceremonies by the network, were filled with a special two-hour edition of \"Dateline\", hosted by Matt Lauer, that included film clips, interviews with some of the nominees",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1275172",
"score": "0.94545776",
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},
{
"title": "Kathryn Eisman",
"text": "breakfast She is currently LA entertainment reporter for The Morning Show. As a reporter and host, she has interviewed actors and pop culture personalities like Oprah, Borat, Beyoncé, Oscar de la Renta, Matt Damon or Cameron Diaz. Recently, she was a Senior Producer for the ABC/Disney’s nationally syndicated talk show FABLife. Eisman is a regular contributor to NBC’s TODAY Show, Good Morning America, Fox News’s The O’Reilly Factor, Channel 7, Channel 10, ABC News Now, MSNBC, KTLA, E! News and The Style Network, and has had different articles published in Marie Claire, Vogue, The New York Times, and has written",
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"isgold": false,
"id": "17270574",
"score": "0.9451359",
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},
{
"title": "Marcellas Reynolds",
"text": "Star\", E! Network's \"Countdown to the Red Carpet: The 2011 Oscars\", \"The Tyra Banks Show\", Style Network's \"How Do I Look\", E! News, MTV's \"From G's To Gents\", Fox News' \"Geraldo: At Large\", CBS \"This Morning\", Style Network's \"Shop Like A Star\" and \"Fashion Rocks: Iconic Style\". He also had a role in the 2009 movie \"\" as an audience member. In 2012, he was a guest judge on an episode of the webshow, \"Beauty Vlogger Boot Camp\", hosted by Elle and Blair Fowler. He appeared as a fashion stylist and helped analyze the contestants' thrift store outfits. Actor Self",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5804014",
"score": "0.9441798",
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},
{
"title": "Joan Rivers",
"text": "1993, she received five additional Emmy nominations for her daytime talk-show \"The Joan Rivers Show\" — two for Outstanding Writing – Special Class and three for Outstanding Talk Show Host. In 1994, Rivers and daughter Melissa first hosted the E! Entertainment Television pre-awards show for the Golden Globe Awards and, beginning in 1995, E!'s annual Academy Awards pre-awards show as well. Rivers and her daughter quickly became credited for revolutionizing the red carpet as a space to showcase designers' work and celebrity interactions. \"Joan and Melissa were the first people who came out and made it more of a true",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1923135",
"score": "0.93906766",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Entertainment Live",
"text": "Entertainment Live Entertainment Live (also known as E-Live) is a Philippine showbiz oriented talk show broadcast by ABS-CBN airing every Saturday afternoon after the defunct noontime show \"Happy Yipee Yehey!\". The show premiered August 4, 2007 and was first hosted by the \"Pinoy Big Brother\" hosts, Toni Gonzaga, Mariel Rodriguez, and Bianca Gonzales. In 2008, Luis Manzano was added as a co-host of the show. Due to Kris Aquino's absence in her talk shows In 2010, Gonzaga replaced her in \"The Buzz\" while Gonzalez replaced her in \"\". In 2010, the new co-hosts were revealed as Cesca Litton and Nikki",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "10678849",
"score": "0.9360269",
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},
{
"title": "Entertainment Live",
"text": "Gil replacing them. After \"SNN\" ended airing, Gonzalez returned hosting E-Live. The show officially ended on January 28, 2012 and it was replaced by \"Showbiz Inside Report\". Hosted by the all host of Entertainment Live, this segment let the hosts of the show give their reactions, opinions and points of view. Hosted by Ogie Diaz for his blind item. Six questions to be asked on a guest by Luis Manzano The hosts reads the comments posted by the fans and televiewers. Nikki Gil with a celebrity goes to a school and have a special and super cool fans day. E-live",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10678850",
"score": "0.9276969",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "KABC-TV",
"text": "Red Carpet at the Oscars\", featuring red carpet interviews and fashion commentary. This show also airs on the network's other O&O stations and is syndicated to several ABC affiliates and other broadcasters outside the country. In the past, KABC-TV featured various locally produced shows such as \"AM Los Angeles\"; a morning talk show which at various times featured personalities Regis Philbin, Sarah Purcell, Ralph Story, Tawny Little, Cristina Ferrare, Cyndy Garvey, and Steve Edwards as hosts. Edwards also hosted a short-lived afternoon show in the mid-1980s called \"330\", which aired after the ABC soap opera \"The Edge of Night\" (\"Live!",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5155736",
"score": "0.92600214",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "On the Red Carpet",
"text": "On the Red Carpet On The Red Carpet (OTRC) is an American syndicated show which carries celebrity news, Hollywood events and features about celebrity style produced by ABC Owned Television Stations for KABC-TV and Disney–ABC Domestic Television. \"On the Red Carpet\" was originally launched in 2002 as an effort by KABC to brand their local coverage of the Academy Awards leading into the national coverage from ABC. They decided to continue the site and build the traffic. On March 14, 2010, the Sunday after the Academy Awards, \"On the Red Carpet\" was launched as a weekly series for KABC. Seven",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15677556",
"score": "0.92573553",
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},
{
"title": "Asha Leo",
"text": "by Warner Brothers to be their host for the Live Red Carpet celebrity studded N.Y. film premieres for \"Man of Steel\" and \"The Great Gatsby\". Hosting a live red carpet was exhilarating, but I particularly enjoyed the social media component of these worldwide premieres. I could interact in real time with fans watching at home through Twitter, Instagram or Facebook and that's what I love most about hosting. Getting to share in people's opinions and have a conversation about what really excites them. Leo has made NBC her new home where she hosts on both Access Hollywood and Access Hollywood",
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"id": "15918752",
"score": "0.9239235",
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},
{
"title": "42nd People's Choice Awards",
"text": "she pointed out she is not a good dancer. Derulo jokingly was disappointed that Tyler didn't crash his performance. 42nd People's Choice Awards The 42nd People's Choice Awards, honoring the best in popular culture for 2015, were held January 6, 2016, at the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles, California, and were broadcast live on CBS. The ceremony was hosted by Jane Lynch. Nominations were announced on November 3, 2015. The full list of nominees was announced on November 3, 2015. Winners are listed first and in boldface. When \"The Talk\" won Favorite Daytime TV Hosting Team, host and creator Sara",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19129028",
"score": "0.9163682",
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},
{
"title": "Ryan Seacrest",
"text": "a first look deal with any network. Seacrest remains managing editor of \"E! News\" and produces its red carpet awards show coverage but no longer hosts (since January 2012) \"E! News\" on a daily basis. An Associated Press profile portrayed Seacrest as using both the deal with E! and \"Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve\" as springboards to a long-lasting career in television production and ownership. Seacrest produces the hit series \"Keeping Up with the Kardashians\", the highest-rated show on the E! network, and the spin-offs \"Khloe and Lamar,\" \"Kourtney and Kim Take New York\" and \"Kourtney and Khloe Take",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9630567",
"score": "0.9107127",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Amy Paffrath",
"text": "U\" and \"In the Mix\", both on Direct-TV (2006-2007). In early 2007, she was given the opportunity to host her own pop culture news show, Broadcaster News on broadcaster.com. There has been an exponential growth in her career since then. She has served as the longtime host of \"E! News Now\", a red carpet correspondent for TV Guide’s \"Hollywood 411\", series regular on MSN's \"The Big Debate\", and guest host on both G4’s Attack of the Show! and Fuel TV’s The Daily Habit. But it was Jersey Shore (TV series) that put her on the map. She held court with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19221704",
"score": "0.91027045",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Academy Awards pre-show",
"text": "no other broadcaster may broadcast live footage from the red carpet. This rule serves to protect ABC's official pre-show; to comply with this rule, most competing red carpet programs either sign off or use footage that was recorded earlier. Interviews by other media outlets may continue, but they may not air on television until the end of the window. The pre-show usually employs the use of recent TV or media personalities as the hosts, who interview the nominees and attendees and sometimes introduce special segments in the moments preceding the ceremony. Below is a listing of the hosts of the",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13110038",
"score": "0.90976965",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "2017 Brit Awards",
"text": "be given to the winners. On 13 January 2017, it was confirmed that YouTube star Caspar Lee would be the BRITs Digital Presenter. Singer Michael Bublé was set to host but later pulled out on 18 January 2017 due to his son battling liver cancer and is \"determined to focus on his son's recovery\". On 31 January 2017, it was confirmed that Dermot O'Leary and Emma Willis would present the ceremony, replacing Bublé. Alice Levine, Clara Amfo and Laura Jackson covered the loss from Red Carpet and Backstage on ITV2. The ceremony included a tribute to the late George Michael,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19862252",
"score": "0.90965116",
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},
{
"title": "Melissa Rivers",
"text": "2003, they left her red carpet pre-show on E! to accept a more lucrative deal with the TV Guide Channel valued at between $6 and 8 million. Also in 2002, she appeared on the ABC Network competitive reality show \"I'm a Celebrity... Get Me Out of Here!\". She has been a regular guest on the webcast show \"Tom Green's House Tonight\". In 2013, she was a co-creator and co-producer of Joan's YouTube web series \"In Bed With Joan\", a 15- to 30-minute show with a new video uploaded weekly in which Joan interviews a celebrity about a wide variety of",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2663079",
"score": "0.90825343",
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}
] |
{
"title": "Live from the Red Carpet",
"long_answer": "Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Live From the Red Carpet is the pre-show to the major award shows that airs on E! Entertainment Television. Live From the Red Carpet covers celebrity arrivals and gets you right up for a first-row seat to see the stars and all the excitement with live coverage of the fashion, flair, glitz and glamour. The show is hosted by Ryan Seacrest and Giuliana Rancic.",
"short_answers": [
"Giuliana Rancic",
"Ryan Seacrest"
]
}
|
when does season 8 for blue bloods start
|
[
"September 29, 2017"
] |
[
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "13, 2011, Region 2 on September 19, 2011 and Region 4 on September 15, 2011. The first season of \"Blue Bloods\" was produced by Panda Productions, Paw In Your Face Productions and CBS Productions. The series aired in the United States on CBS Friday nights at 10:00 P.M. EST and Canada on CTV via simulcast. Internationally, season one aired in New Zealand on TV3 Saturday nights at 9:30 P.M., in Australia on Network Ten for the first twelve episodes (Wednesday nights at 8:30 P.M. for the first six and Friday nights at 9:30 P.M.) and on One for the rest",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "16559295",
"score": "1.1379397",
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},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "on TV3 on July 13, 2013. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, Sky Atlantic premiered the series on February 1, 2011, with season two returning on October 4, 2011, season three on December 13, 2012, and season four on November 28, 2013. Season five premiered on January 21, 2015. Reruns of \"Blue Bloods\" air nationally in the United States on Ion Television and WGN America, the latter of which airs the show daily. CBS Television Distribution currently distributes the series to local outlets on weekends, with two episodes being offered. Repeats of \"Blue Bloods\" air on Pick in the UK.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572879",
"score": "1.1243331",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "to TV by the Numbers, by committing itself to a third season of \"Blue Bloods\", CBS all but guaranteed a fourth season, because, as a CBS Television Studios production, CBS had a financial incentive to produce at least the minimum number of episodes needed for stripped syndication. On March 27, 2013, CBS made it official by renewing \"Blue Bloods\" for a fourth season to begin in the fall of 2013. \"Blue Bloods\" was renewed for a fifth season on March 13, 2014, and has since been renewed for seasons 6, 7, 8, and 9. A house in Bay Ridge in",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "14572877",
"score": "1.0948322",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 9)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 9) The ninth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 28, 2018. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fifth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20907798",
"score": "1.0819023",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (TV series) Blue Bloods is an American police procedural fictional drama series that airs on CBS. The series is filmed on location in New York City with occasional references to nearby suburbs. The series debuted on September 24, 2010, with episodes airing on Fridays following \"\" before being moved to Wednesdays at 10:00 p.m. Eastern and Pacific time and 9:00 p.m. Central and Mountain time for a four-week tryout. After four weeks, it returned to its original Friday 10:00 p.m. Eastern time slot, where it has remained since. On April 18, 2018, CBS renewed the series for a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572868",
"score": "1.0753585",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "the season. The season ranked number five in the 18-49 and 25-54 age demographics. In the United Kingdom, the series was among the weekly top five most viewed program on Sky Atlantic, amassing an audience between 450,000 and 630,000 viewers. In Australia, the series premiered with a strong 1.11 million viewers, but viewership fell to 288,000 viewers by April, prompting Network Ten to move the series to its HD channel One, which premiered the second half of the season on October 31, 2011. Upon the premiere of the pilot episode, the series received positive reviews from television critics. At Metacritic,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559304",
"score": "1.0597435",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "concerned about becoming involved in an ongoing series because he did not want to compromise his commitment to the Jesse Stone television movies. Beginning January 19, 2011, \"Blue Bloods\" was moved to Wednesdays at 10 p.m. for a four-week tryout. In February 2011, the series returned to its Friday night time slot due to the series premiere of \"\". In the UK, the show helped launch Sky Atlantic by premiering on Tuesday, February 1, 2011, at 10:30 p.m. In Australia, the show premiered in February 2011 in a primetime Wednesday slot on \"Network TEN\", then from February 2013 for season",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572874",
"score": "1.0541859",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 5)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 5) The fifth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 26, 2014 and concluded on May 1, 2015. Leonard Goldberg serves as executive producer. CBS had renewed the series for a fifth season on March 13, 2014, with a 22-episode order. The series aired its 100th episode (\"Baggage\") during the fifth season. On May 11, 2015, CBS renewed \"Blue Bloods\" for a sixth season. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan) and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18137890",
"score": "1.0531425",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "of the season. In a deal with CBS Studios International, the series was acquired by the UK channel Sky Atlantic on January 5, 2011 and was one of the first series to air on the new channel, which launched on February 1, 2011. The series was created by Mitchell Burgess and Robin Green and executive produced by Burgess, Green, producer Leonard Goldberg and director Michael Cuesta. The show was initially run by director Ken Sanzel, but Sanzel left in August 2010 amid alleged creative tension with series star Tom Selleck. Staff directors for the season include Cuesta, Félix Alcalá, Jan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559296",
"score": "1.0506783",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 8)",
"text": "The eighth season of Blue Bloods, a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season is set to contain 22 episodes.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 4)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 4) The fourth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 27, 2013. Leonard Goldberg serves as executive producer. According to TV by the Numbers, CBS was all but guaranteed to commit to a fourth season. This is because as a CBS Television Studios production, CBS has a financial incentive to produce at least the minimum number of episodes needed for stripped syndication. On March 27, 2013, CBS made it official by renewing \"Blue Bloods\" for a fourth season. Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17439749",
"score": "1.0499368",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "+ 7 days after with viewings from DVRs. Without the DVR adding to the live viewing the show's debut episode garnered a total of 13.02 million viewers. Overall, the ratings have been steady for the series, after the pilot episode. The lowest viewer total of 8.88 million occurred in episode eight of season seven (which ran against Game 3 of the 2016 World Series), and is to date the only episode that had fewer than 9 million initial-broadcast viewers. The second-season finale on May 11, 2012, was watched by 10.73 million viewers and received a 1.2/4 ratings/share among adults ages",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572881",
"score": "1.0423853",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 6)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 6) The sixth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 25, 2015. Leonard Goldberg serves as executive producer. The season contained 22 episodes. On May 11, 2015, CBS renewed \"Blue Bloods\" for a sixth season. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) and Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) are credited next, marking the second season they have been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19128158",
"score": "1.0306057",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "two was moved from the network's primary SD channel to its HD channel \"one\" alongside \"White Collar\", then on August 26, 2013, the show moved back to the primary SD channel on Mondays for season three. In New Zealand, the show premieres on July 13, 2013 on \"TV3\"\" \"replacing in a primetime Saturday slot after \"\". On October 20, 2012, CBS announced that Jennifer Esposito was being dropped from the series, with her character, Detective Curatola, being placed on indefinite leave of absence. Esposito and CBS had been at odds over her limited availability for work after the actress was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572875",
"score": "1.0220344",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 2)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 2) The second season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2011 and ended May 11, 2012. Ed Zuckerman served as executive producer and showrunner for the season after Green and Burgess departed the show at the end of the first season. Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou are first credited, with Tom Selleck receiving an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Jennifer Esposito retains her \"also starring\" credit from the first season, whilst Amy Carlson and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559310",
"score": "1.0219183",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "Jamie is unmarried, though romantic feelings develop between him and his current partner, Eddie Janko; they acknowledge their mutual attraction during season 7 and get engaged at the end of season 8. A running plot feature of the show entails Sunday dinner around the table in Frank Reagan's Bay Ridge home at 8070 Harbor View Terrace. Four generations gather here to eat and discuss their week, and the rule is that no one can take a first bite before every last family member is present and seated, and grace is said. Discussion of the week's events then ensues, often including",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572872",
"score": "1.0209091",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 7)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 7) The seventh season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2016. The season concluded on May 5, 2017. Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) and Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) are credited next, marking the third season they have been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19411895",
"score": "1.0162851",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "main cast as the Reagan family—Danny, Erin, Jamie, Henry and Frank. \"Blue Bloods\" first season aired during the 2010–11 television season on Fridays at 10:00 p.m. EST. The series debuted with the pilot episode, which was viewed by 13.01 million viewers. The season ended with the finale \"The Blue Templar\", which was watched by 11.79 million viewers. The season averaged 12.58 million viewers per 22 episodes. Internationally, the first season was very successful in Canada, United Kingdom and New Zealand, ranking among the top 30 most watched programs on the respective channels. The first season also garnered positive reviews from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559292",
"score": "1.0147265",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 1) The first season of \"Blue Bloods\", an American police procedural–family drama television series, aired in the United States on CBS between September 24, 2010 to May 13, 2011. The series was created and, along with Leonard Goldberg and Michael Cuesta, executively produced by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess. The show revolves around the Reagan family, consisting of the retired police commissioner, current police commissioner, police officers, and an assistant district attorney, all working with the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Actors Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou and Tom Selleck make up the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559291",
"score": "1.0141001",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 5)",
"text": "Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Baker, Frank's primary aide. The season airs simultaneously on CTV in Canada. In Africa, it began airing on Dstv on October 23, 2014. In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it began on Sky Atlantic on November 5, 2014. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 5) The fifth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 26, 2014 and concluded on May 1, 2015. Leonard Goldberg serves as executive producer. CBS had renewed the series",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18137892",
"score": "1.0138023",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 3)",
"text": "Blue Bloods (season 3) The third season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 28, 2012. Leonard Goldberg serves as executive producer. According to TV by the Numbers, committing to a third season of \"Blue Bloods\" meant that CBS was all but guaranteed to commit to a fourth season. This was because as a CBS Television Studios production, CBS has a financial incentive to produce at least the minimum number of episodes needed for stripped syndication. On March 27, 2013, CBS made it official by renewing \"Blue",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16862067",
"score": "1.0111408",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "Brooklyn is used for exterior shots of the Reagan house. The series received $79 million in tax breaks from the state of New York for its seasons four through seven. In Australia, the series premiered on Network Ten's primary channel on February 2, 2011. Due to poor ratings of the first season, Ten moved the series to its HD channel One, which premiered the second season on October 31, 2011. Due to decreased viewership of Ten's primary channel, season three moved back from August 26, 2013, and season four returned on March 17, 2014. In New Zealand, the series premiered",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572878",
"score": "1.0088081",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "in three episodes as Charles Rosselini, Erin's boss who becomes romantically involved with her. Robert John Burke portrayed Jyle Hogan in three episodes. \"Blue Bloods\" premiered with the pilot episode, which attracted 13.01 million viewers. After four episodes, the season received a full order of 22 episodes. The series was the most watched program on Friday nights during its duration and was the second most watched program during its short move to the Wednesday timeslot. Apart from the pilot episode, the most-watched episode of the season was \"Little Fish\", which accrued a viewership of 12.30 million viewers. The series finale",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559302",
"score": "1.0052155",
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},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 3)",
"text": "Bloods\" for a fourth season to begin in the fall of 2013. Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes and Len Cariou are first credited, with Tom Selleck receiving an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson and Sami Gayle are once again credited as \"also starring\" within the episodes they appear, whilst Jennifer Esposito entered a dispute with CBS regarding doctor's orders for her to cut back working hours due to her Coeliac disease. Rather than work around her limited schedule, CBS chose to replace her character this season. As such, Esposito only appears in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16862068",
"score": "0.99558944",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 2)",
"text": "Sami Gayle are also credited as \"also starring\" during the episodes that they appear. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 2) The second season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 23, 2011 and ended May 11, 2012. Ed Zuckerman served as executive producer and showrunner for the season after Green and Burgess departed the show at the end of the first season. Donnie Wahlberg, Bridget Moynahan, Will Estes, Len Cariou are first credited, with Tom Selleck receiving an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559311",
"score": "0.99542713",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 6)",
"text": "receives an \"and\" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko, continue to receive \"also starring\" billing for season 6. Appearing regularly and receiving \"special guest star\" billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Baker, Frank's primary aide. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Blue Bloods (season 6) The sixth season of \"Blue Bloods\", a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 25,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19128159",
"score": "0.98780257",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "one of the best cop shows on television. As it stands, it rarely transcends average.\" David Brown from \"Radio Times\" gave the season release three stars (out of five), writing \"Imagine something that mixes the best elements of Law & Order and Brothers & Sisters and you get the idea.\" \"The Guardian\" writer Michael Hann wrote negatively of the series, noting that \"one can know what is happening without even watching the show, since each episode follows the same template.\" <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> All viewing figures and ranks are sourced from BARB. Blue Bloods (season 1) The first season of \"Blue Bloods\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559309",
"score": "0.9877205",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (TV series)",
"text": "ninth season, which premiered on September 28, 2018. The series follows the Reagan family of police officers with the New York City Police Department (NYPD). Francis Xavier \"Frank\" Reagan is the Police Commissioner. Frank's oldest son Danny is an NYPD detective, his youngest son Jamie is an NYPD police officer (later sergeant), and his daughter Erin is an assistant district attorney. Frank's second-oldest son Joe was murdered by a crooked cop in the line of duty in events that pre-date the series, when he was involved with the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) investigating a group of corrupt NYPD cops",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14572869",
"score": "0.9869504",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 1)",
"text": "was watched by 11.78 million viewers. The season averaged over 12.58 million viewers and a 7.8/14 household rating, becoming the 19th most-watched series of the 2010-2011 primetime television season. In the 18-49 adult demographic, the season averaged a 2.2 Nielsen rating, equating to 2.88 million viewers and ranking number 85th for the 2010-2011 primetime television season. In Canada, \"Blue Bloods\" stood as a solid performer on CTV, landing within the top twenty of the top programs in Canada. The show ended its first season as the most watched new drama series as well as second most watched new series of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16559303",
"score": "0.98322475",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Vampire Diaries",
"text": "and returned for season 8. On March 11, 2016, The CW renewed the series for an eighth season, but on July 23, 2016, announced that the eighth season, which would have 16 episodes, would be the show's last. The final season began airing on October 21, 2016 and ended March 10, 2017. The series is set in the fictional town of Mystic Falls, Virginia, a town charged with supernatural history since its settlement of migrants from New England in the late 19th century. It follows the life of Elena Gilbert (Nina Dobrev), a teenage girl who has just lost both",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13372653",
"score": "0.98198116",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Blue Bloods (season 8)",
"long_answer": "The eighth season of Blue Bloods, a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season is set to contain 22 episodes.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The eighth season of Blue Bloods, a police procedural drama series created by Robin Green and Mitchell Burgess, premiered on CBS on September 29, 2017. The season is set to contain 22 episodes.",
"short_answers": [
"September 29, 2017"
]
}
|
mainland greece is a body of land with water on three sides called
|
[
"peninsula",
"peninsular"
] |
[
{
"title": "Mesaoria",
"text": "the Mediterranean Sea, on the south by the Troodos mountains and on the north by the Kyrenia mountains (Pentadaktylos). It has an area of approximately 1000 km² (390 mi²). It rises to an altitude of 325 m (1066 ft), with an average elevation of perhaps 100 m (330 ft). There are a number of rivers and other water courses crossing this plain, but none of them have water year round. The Alluvial Plains of the centre of the island are for the most part the product of successive rain-storms and floods which have brought down from the mountains immense quantities",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3233207",
"score": "1.0691681",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Lesvos, Rhodes, Chios, Kefalonia, and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the \"CIA World Factbook\", Greece has of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin. Greece's latitude ranges from 35°N to 42°N and its longitude from 19°E to 28°E. As a result of this and its physical geography, the country has considerable climatic variation. Greece's climate is divided into three main classes: Greece's largest island, Crete straddles two climatic zones, due to its geographical position and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13337457",
"score": "1.067632",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "second largest. Other large Greek islands include Rhodes and Lesbos in the Aegean Sea, and Corfu and Cephalonia in the Ionian Sea. Many of the smaller Greek islands form groups or chains, often called archipelagos, with notable examples being the Cyclades and the Sporades in the south and central Aegean Sea respectively. The islands of the Aegean Sea are situated between mainland Greece to the west and north, Anatolia to the east and the island of Crete to the south. Traditionally, the islands are classified into seven groups, from north to south: Geographical features The Ionian Islands are a group",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13337465",
"score": "1.0675766",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Santorini",
"text": "Nea Kameni, Palaia Kameni, Aspronisi, and Christiana. The total land area is 90.623 km (34.990 sq mi). Santorini is part of the Thira regional unit. Santorini is essentially what remains after an enormous volcanic eruption that destroyed the earliest settlements on a formerly single island, and created the current geological caldera. A giant central, rectangular lagoon, which measures about , is surrounded by high, steep cliffs on three sides. The main island slopes downward to the Aegean Sea. On the fourth side, the lagoon is separated from the sea by another much smaller island called Therasia; the lagoon is connected",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "385389",
"score": "1.0507144",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Aegean Sea",
"text": "Aegean Islands are found within its waters, with the following islands delimiting the sea on the south (generally from west to east): Kythera, Antikythera, Crete, Kasos, Karpathos and Rhodes. The Aegean Islands, which almost all belong to Greece, can be divided into seven groups: The word \"archipelago\" was originally applied specifically to the Aegean Sea and its islands. Many of the Aegean Islands, or chains of islands, are actually extensions of the mountains on the mainland. One chain extends across the sea to Chios, another extends across Euboea to Samos, and a third extends across the Peloponnese and Crete to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3837",
"score": "1.0499215",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Greece",
"text": "places in the country. Rare marine species such as the pinniped seals and the loggerhead sea turtle live in the seas surrounding mainland Greece, while its dense forests are home to the endangered brown bear, the Eurasian lynx, the roe deer and the wild goat. Greece features a vast number of islands, between 1,200 and 6,000, depending on the definition, 227 of which are inhabited. Crete is the largest and most populous island; Euboea, separated from the mainland by the 60m-wide Euripus Strait, is the second largest, followed by Lesbos and Rhodes. The Greek islands are traditionally grouped into the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "154895",
"score": "1.0485559",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "The island narrows in the region close to Ierapetra, where it is only 12 km wide. Crete covers an area of , with a coastline of 1046 km. It is surrounded to the north by the Sea of Crete; to the south by the Libyan Sea; to the west by the Myrtoan Sea; and to the east by the Karpathion Sea. It lies about 160 km south of the Greek mainland. Crete is characterized by a mountain range crossing from west to east, formed by three different subranges: These encompass fertile plateaus, such as Lasithi, Omalos and Nidha; caves such",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13337467",
"score": "1.0464017",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Aegean Sea",
"text": "the two countries, there are political disputes over several aspects of political control over the Aegean space, including the size of territorial waters, air control and the delimitation of economic rights to the continental shelf. Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ( or ; \"Aigaío Pélagos\" ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3845",
"score": "1.0438198",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "of seven islands. The six northern islands lie off the western coast of Greece, in the Ionian Sea. The other island, Kythira, lies off the southern tip of the Peloponnese. Kythira is part of the modern administrative region of Attica, not the Ionian Islands (\"Ionioi Nisoi\"). The Ionian Islands are distinct from the historical region of Ionia, which is today part of western Turkey. Crete is the largest island of Greece and the second largest in the Eastern Mediterranean, after Cyprus. The island spans 260 km from east to west and 60 km from north to south at its widest.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13337466",
"score": "1.0398173",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidice and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Rhodes and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi) of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Farmakonisi",
"text": "Farmakonisi Farmakonisi or Pharmakonisi () is a small Greek island and community of the Dodecanese, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies in the middle between the chain of the Dodecanese islands in the west, and the coast of Asia Minor (Turkey) in the east. To the north of it are the island of Agathonisi, to the west the islands of Leipsoi, Patmos and Leros, and to the south the islands of Kalymnos and Pserimos. It forms part of the municipality of Leros, and had a 2001 census population of 74 inhabitants, while in the 2011 census the population dropped",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6646849",
"score": "1.0392141",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Elafonisi",
"text": "troops. On the mainland the 17th century Chrysoskalitissa Monastery is approximately from the island. See Chania Region for maps Elafonisi Elafonisi ( \"deer island\") is an island located close to the southwestern corner of the Mediterranean island of Crete, of which it is administratively a part, in the regional unit of Chania. When the weather is fine it is possible to walk to the island through the shallow water. The island is a protected nature reserve. It is known for its pink sand beaches, created by tidal and wave-induced deposits of pigmented microorganisms living in a symbiotic relationship with native",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15176333",
"score": "1.0391216",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Farmakonisi",
"text": "Aegean, was ceded from Italy to Greece in 1947. Since 2011, as part of the Kallikratis Plan, the island is part of the municipality of Leros. Farmakonisi was notable since the ancient times for its very rich flora with several species of herbs growing on the island's surface. The flora is dominated by cedar, while cereals were growing in the small plateau of the island in past times. Farmakonisi Farmakonisi or Pharmakonisi () is a small Greek island and community of the Dodecanese, in the Aegean Sea, Greece. It lies in the middle between the chain of the Dodecanese islands",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6646852",
"score": "1.038791",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Crete",
"text": "from which were derived French \"Candie\" and English \"Candy\" or \"Candia\". Under Ottoman rule, in Ottoman Turkish, Crete was called \"Girit\" (). Crete is the largest island in Greece and the fifth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located in the southern part of the Aegean Sea separating the Aegean from the Libyan Sea. The island has an elongated shape: it spans from east to west, is at its widest point, and narrows to as little as (close to Ierapetra). Crete covers an area of , with a coastline of ; to the north, it broaches the Sea",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "79586",
"score": "1.0360086",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Greece",
"text": "with ; its land boundary is . The country lies approximately between latitudes 34° and 42° N, and longitudes 19° and 30° E, with the extreme points being: Eighty percent of Greece consists of mountains or hills, making the country one of the most mountainous in Europe. Mount Olympus, the mythical abode of the Greek Gods, culminates at Mytikas peak , the highest in the country. Western Greece contains a number of lakes and wetlands and is dominated by the Pindus mountain range. The Pindus, a continuation of the Dinaric Alps, reaches a maximum elevation of at Mt. Smolikas (the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "154892",
"score": "1.0350341",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Aegean Islands",
"text": "Aegean Islands The Aegean Islands (; ) are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast. The ancient Greek name of the Aegean Sea, \"Archipelago\" (, \"archipelagos\") was later applied to the islands it contains and is now used more generally, to refer to any island group. The vast majority of the Aegean Islands belong to Greece, being split among nine administrative regions. The only sizable possessions of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2515622",
"score": "1.0335367",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Makronisos",
"text": "Makronisos Makronisos (, lit. \"Long Island\"), or Makronisi, is an island in the Aegean sea, in Greece, notorious as the site of a political prison from the 1940s to the 1970s. It is located close to the coast of Attica, facing the port of Lavrio. The island has an elongated shape, north to south, around east to west, and its terrain is arid and rocky. It is the largest uninhabited Greek island. It is part of the Kea-Kythnos regional unit and in the municipality of Kea. In ancient times the island was called Helena (), and was situated so as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4446465",
"score": "1.0324728",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Sea of Crete",
"text": "Sea of Crete The Sea of Crete (, \"Kritiko Pelagos\") or Cretan Sea, is a sea, part of the Aegean Sea, located in its Southern extremity. The sea stretches to the North of the island of Crete, East of the islands of Kythera and Antikythera, South of the Cyclades, and West of the Dodecanese islands of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kassos. The bounding sea to the West is the Ionian Sea. To the Northwest is the Myrtoan Sea, a subdivision of the Mediterranean Sea that lies between the Cyclades and Peloponnese. To the East-SE is the rest of the Mediterranean Sea,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4447875",
"score": "1.0269053",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Aegean Sea",
"text": "Aegean Sea The Aegean Sea ( or ; \"Aigaío Pélagos\" ; ) is an elongated embayment of the Mediterranean Sea located between the Greek and Anatolian peninsulas, i.e., between the mainlands of Greece and Turkey. In the north, the Aegean is connected to the Marmara Sea and Black Sea by the Dardanelles and Bosphorus. The Aegean Islands are within the sea and some bound it on its southern periphery, including Crete and Rhodes. The sea was traditionally known as \"the Archipelago\" (in Ancient Greek, , meaning \"chief sea\"), but in English the meaning of Archipelago has changed to refer to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3834",
"score": "1.0222918",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Euboea",
"text": "Euboea Euboea or Evia; , \"Evvoia\", ; , \"Eúboia\", ) is the second-largest Greek island in area and population, after Crete. The narrow (only at its narrowest point) Euripus Strait separates it from Boeotia in mainland Greece. In general outline it is a long and narrow island; it is about long, and varies in breadth from to . Its geographic orientation is from northwest to southeast, and it is traversed throughout its length by a mountain range, which forms part of the chain that bounds Thessaly on the east, and is continued south of Euboea in the lofty islands of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "841211",
"score": "1.0217972",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Astypalaia",
"text": "Astypalaia Astypalaia (Greek: Αστυπάλαια, ), is a Greek island with 1,334 residents (2011 census). It belongs to the Dodecanese, an archipelago of twelve major islands in the southeastern Aegean Sea. The island is long, wide at the most, and covers an area of 97 km. Along with numerous smaller uninhabited offshore islets (the largest of which are Sýrna and Ofidoussa), it forms the Municipality of Astypalaia, which is part of the Kalymnos regional unit. The municipality has an area of 114.077 km. The capital and the previous main harbour of the island is Astypalaia or Chora, as it is called",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7332619",
"score": "1.0197301",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Antikythera",
"text": "Antikythera Antikythera or Anticythera (, ; , , literally \"opposite Kythera\") is a Greek island lying on the edge of the Aegean Sea, between Crete and Peloponnese. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality of Kythera island. Antikythera may also refer to the Antikythera Strait, through which modified Mediterranean water enters the Sea of Crete. Its land area is , and it lies south-east of Kythira. It is the most distant part of the Attica region from its heart in the Athens metropolitan area. It is lozenge-shaped, NNW to SSE by ENE to WSW. It",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5572141",
"score": "1.0179082",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Lesbos",
"text": "Lesbos Lesbos (, ; , ) is an island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It is separated from Turkey by the narrow Mytilini Strait and in late Palaeolithic/Mesolithic times was joined to the Anatolian mainland before the end of the last glacial period. Lesbos is also the name of a regional unit of the North Aegean region, within which Lesbos island is one of five governing islands. The others are Chios, Ikaria, Lemnos, and Samos. The North Aegean region governs nine inhabited islands:",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5982785",
"score": "1.0178881",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Santorini caldera",
"text": "Santorini caldera Santorini caldera is a large, mostly submerged caldera, located in the southern Aegean Sea, 120 kilometers north of Crete in Greece. Visible above water is the circular Santorini island group, consisting of Santorini (aka Thera), the main island, Therasia and Aspronisi at the periphery, and the Kameni islands at the center. The caldera measures about , with high steep cliffs on three sides. There are two small volcanic islands at the center of the caldera, Nea (\"New\") Kameni and Palea (\"Old\") Kameni. The main island, Santorini has an area of km2, Therasia , and the uninhabited islands of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15537673",
"score": "1.0176657",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Greece",
"text": "Ionian Sea to the west, the Cretan Sea and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. Greece has the longest coastline on the Mediterranean Basin and the 11th longest coastline in the world at in length, featuring a large number of islands, of which 227 are inhabited. Eighty percent of Greece is mountainous, with Mount Olympus being the highest peak at . The country consists of nine geographic regions: Macedonia, Central Greece, the Peloponnese, Thessaly, Epirus, the Aegean Islands (including the Dodecanese and Cyclades), Thrace, Crete, and the Ionian Islands. Greece is considered the cradle of Western civilisation, being the birthplace",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "154831",
"score": "1.0175976",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"text": "the country's total territory, 83.33% or is mainland territory and the rest 16.67% or is island territory. Greece's coastline measures . 80% of Greece is mountainous. The Pindus mountain range lies across the center of the country in a northwest-to-southeast direction, with a maximum elevation of 2,637 m. Extensions of the same mountain range stretch across the Peloponnese and underwater across the Aegean, forming many of the Aegean Islands including Crete, and joining with the Taurus Mountains of southern Turkey. Central and western Greece contain high and steep peaks intersected by many canyons and other karstic landscapes, including the Meteora",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13337460",
"score": "1.0163674",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Greece",
"text": "following clusters: the Argo-Saronic Islands in the Saronic gulf near Athens, the Cyclades, a large but dense collection occupying the central part of the Aegean Sea, the North Aegean islands, a loose grouping off the west coast of Turkey, the Dodecanese, another loose collection in the southeast between Crete and Turkey, the Sporades, a small tight group off the coast of northeast Euboea, and the Ionian Islands, located to the west of the mainland in the Ionian Sea. The climate of Greece is primarily Mediterranean, featuring mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. This climate occurs at all coastal locations,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "154896",
"score": "1.0136073",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Icarian Sea",
"text": "from the island of Icaria. Icarian Sea The Icarian Sea (, \"Ikario Pelagos\") is a subdivision of the Mediterranean Sea that lies between the Cyclades and Asia Minor. It is described as the part of the Aegean Sea to the south of Chios, to the east of the Eastern Cyclades and west of Anatolia. It contains the islands of Samos, Cos, Patmos, Leros, Fournoi Korseon and Icaria. It is the place, in myth, into which Icarus made his fatal fall from the sky during his flight from Crete with his father Daedalus. It is either directly from this legend that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14661608",
"score": "1.0124537",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Lesbos",
"text": "considered offensive to many Lesbos islanders to such a degree that, in 2008, a group of Lesbos islanders litigated unsuccessfully a court case against the LGBT community of Greece. The islander group had requested a legal injunction to ban groups from using the word \"lesbian\" in their names, which the petitioners claim violated their human rights as it is \"insulting\" and disgraces them around the world. Local specialities: Lesbos Lesbos (, ; , ) is an island located in the northeastern Aegean Sea. It has an area of with of coastline, making it the third largest island in Greece. It",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5982803",
"score": "1.0076811",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Poros",
"text": "Poros Poros () is a small Greek island-pair in the southern part of the Saronic Gulf, about (31 nautical miles) south from Piraeus and separated from the Peloponnese by a wide sea channel, with the town of Galatas on the mainland across the strait. Its surface area is about and it has 3,780 inhabitants. The ancient name of Poros was Pogon. Like other ports in the Saronic, it is a popular weekend destination for Athenian travellers. Poros consists of two islands: Sphairia (, ), the southern part, which is of volcanic origin, where today's city is located, and Kalaureia (,",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2003707",
"score": "1.0034113",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
}
] |
{
"title": "Geography of Greece",
"long_answer": "The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidice and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Rhodes and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi) of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The country consists of a mountainous, peninsular mainland jutting out into the Mediterranean Sea at the southernmost tip of the Balkans, and two smaller peninsulas projecting from it: the Chalkidice and the Peloponnese, which is joined to the mainland by the Isthmus of Corinth. Greece also has many islands, of various sizes, the largest being Crete, Euboea, Rhodes and Corfu; groups of smaller islands include the Dodecanese and the Cyclades. According to the CIA World Factbook, Greece has 13,676 kilometres (8,498 mi) of coastline, the largest in the Mediterranean Basin.",
"short_answers": [
"peninsular"
]
}
|
where did the jungle book story come from
|
[
"English author Rudyard Kipling"
] |
[
{
"title": "Jungle Book (1942 film)",
"text": "downriver, but refuses to leave the jungle, turning back to help animals trapped by the fire. The scene returns to the present day, with the elderly Buldeo telling his story and admitting that the jungle defeated his youthful dreams, and because of his actions his reputation was destroyed. When asked what became of Mowgli and his daughter, as well as how he escaped from the fire himself, he looks into the camera and says that is another story. In 1940, the three Korda brothers left London for Hollywood, where two of their films that had begun production in the UK",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6054124",
"score": "1.0346146",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Jungle Book (1942 film)",
"text": "Jungle Book (1942 film) Jungle Book is a 1942 independent Technicolor action-adventure film by the Hungarian Korda brothers, based on a screenplay adaptation by Laurence Stallings of Rudyard Kipling's \"The Jungle Book\", about a wild boy who is kidnapped by villagers who are cruel to animals as they attempt to steal a dead king's cursed treasure. The film was directed by Zoltán Korda, produced by his brother Alexander and art directed by their younger brother Vincent. The cinematography was by Lee Garmes and W. Howard Greene and the music was by Miklós Rózsa. The film starred Sabu as Mowgli. Because",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6054117",
"score": "1.0214573",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story",
"text": "The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story is a 1998 live-action direct-to-video film directed by Nick Marck, produced by Mark H. Orvitz and written by José Rivera and Jim Herzfeld. It is the third film adaptation by The Walt Disney Company of the Mowgli stories from \"The Jungle Book\" by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Brandon Baker, and features the voices of Brian Doyle-Murray, Eartha Kitt, Clancy Brown, Peri Gilpin, and Sherman Howard. The film chronicles the life of a boy named Mowgli (Baker) from the time he lived with humans as an infant to the time when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10914086",
"score": "1.0083871",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "The Jungle Book (1967 film) The Jungle Book is a 1967 American animated musical comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions. Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same name, it is the 19th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Wolfgang Reitherman, it was the last film to be produced by Walt Disney, who died during its production. The plot follows Mowgli, a feral child raised in the Indian jungle by wolves, as his friends Bagheera the panther and Baloo the bear try to convince him to leave the jungle before the evil tiger Shere Khan arrives. The early",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185624",
"score": "1.0034807",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story",
"text": "of the pack is offered to Mowgli, but he turns it down and gives it to Little Raksha. The next day, Bagheera and Baloo give Mowgli a book featuring jungle animals. He thanks them and then runs off. The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story is a 1998 live-action direct-to-video film directed by Nick Marck, produced by Mark H. Orvitz and written by José Rivera and Jim Herzfeld. It is the third film adaptation by The Walt Disney Company of the Mowgli stories from \"The Jungle Book\" by Rudyard Kipling. It stars Brandon Baker, and features the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10914094",
"score": "0.9917899",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "make fire. The orangutan would also show a plot point borrowed from \"The Second Jungle Book\", gold and jewels under his ruins — after Mowgli got to the man village, a poacher would drag the boy back to the ruins in search for the treasure. Disney was not pleased with how the story was turning out, as he felt it was too dark for family viewing and insisted on script changes. Peet refused, and after a long argument, Peet left the Disney studio in January 1964. Disney then assigned Larry Clemmons as his new writer and one of the four",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185635",
"score": "0.9909049",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (video game)",
"text": "The Jungle Book (video game) The Jungle Book is a series of platform video games based on the 1967 Disney animated film \"The Jungle Book\", primarily released in 1994. The game was released by Virgin Interactive Entertainment in 1993 for the Sega Master System. Conversions for the Game Boy, NES, Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Sega Game Gear, Super NES, and PC followed in 1994, and a remake for the Game Boy Advance was released in 2003 to celebrate the film's sequel, \"The Jungle Book 2\". While gameplay is the same on all versions, technological differences between the systems forced changes –",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6442146",
"score": "0.9898833",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1994 film)",
"text": "Louie's crown and the player must recover it to prevent the jungle from losing its magic. The player is aided by a Scotsman named Ilgwom (\"Mowgli\" spelled backwards) and his chimpanzee, Lahtee, while also guided by a spirit made from Mowgli's memories. The Jungle Book (1994 film) Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book is a 1994 live-action American adventure film co-written and directed by Stephen Sommers, produced by Edward S. Feldman and Raju Patel, from a story by Ronald Yanover and Mark Geldman. It is the second film adaptation by The Walt Disney Company of the Mowgli stories from \"The Jungle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3273409",
"score": "0.9885882",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1994 film)",
"text": "The Jungle Book (1994 film) Rudyard Kipling's The Jungle Book is a 1994 live-action American adventure film co-written and directed by Stephen Sommers, produced by Edward S. Feldman and Raju Patel, from a story by Ronald Yanover and Mark Geldman. It is the second film adaptation by The Walt Disney Company of the Mowgli stories from \"The Jungle Book\" and \"The Second Jungle Book\" by Rudyard Kipling. The film stars Jason Scott Lee and Lena Headey, and co-stars Cary Elwes, Sam Neill, John Cleese and Jason Flemyng. In this version, the animals do not speak. Released on December 25, 1994,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3273394",
"score": "0.9872905",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book",
"text": "The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling. The stories are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. A principal character is the boy or \"man-cub\" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear. The book has been adapted many times for film and other media.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "Disney released a direct to video film entitled \"\". A new live-action version of \"The Jungle Book\" was released by Disney in 2016, which even reused most of the songs of the animated movie, with some lyrical reworking by original composer Richard M. Sherman. There are two video games based on the film: \"The Jungle Book\" was a platformer released in 1993 for Master System, Mega Drive, Game Gear, Super NES, Game Boy and PC. A version for the Game Boy Advance was later released in 2003. \"The Jungle Book Groove Party\" was a dance mat game released in 2000",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185660",
"score": "0.98420054",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (franchise)",
"text": "animated series produced by Disney for ABC in 1996. It was based on their 1967 animated film \"The Jungle Book\", but set in the youth of the animal characters. The show was a hit, running for two seasons in syndication before moving its re-runs to the Disney Channel. The show was broadcast on Toon Disney, but was taken off the schedule in 2001. The show did air in the United Kingdom on Disney Cinemagic and in Latin America until it was removed. The show's theme song is a hip-hop version of \"The Bare Necessities\" performed by Lou Rawls. Animal children",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18208775",
"score": "0.98048776",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (video game)",
"text": "of a total of fifteen gems spread throughout the level. The game was remade for Game Boy Advance in 2003 by Ubisoft. It follows the plot of the 1967 movie. It is largely puzzle-based, rather than a platform game. It was used to promote the film's sequel, \"The Jungle Book 2\". Development of the Genesis/Mega Drive version started in 1993 at Virgin Games USA and with programming duties taken by David Perry, but the game, which was intended to be released within that year along with the Master System version, wasn't finished at time because of David Perry and most",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6442150",
"score": "0.9794489",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (2016 film)",
"text": "The Jungle Book (2016 film) The Jungle Book is a 2016 American fantasy adventure film directed and produced by Jon Favreau, produced by Walt Disney Pictures, and written by Justin Marks. Based on Rudyard Kipling's eponymous collective works and inspired by Walt Disney's 1967 animated film of the same name, \"The Jungle Book\" is a live-action/CGI film that tells the story of Mowgli, an orphaned human boy who, guided by his animal guardians, sets out on a journey of self-discovery while evading the threatening Shere Khan. The film introduces Neel Sethi as Mowgli and also features the voices of Bill",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18235687",
"score": "0.97321165",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "the King of Thieves\". In December 2010, a piece of artwork by British artist Banksy featuring \"The Jungle Book\" characters which had been commissioned by Greenpeace to help raise awareness of deforestation went on sale for the sum of £80,000. The Jungle Book (1967 film) The Jungle Book is a 1967 American animated musical comedy adventure film produced by Walt Disney Productions. Based on Rudyard Kipling's book of the same name, it is the 19th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Wolfgang Reitherman, it was the last film to be produced by Walt Disney, who died during its production. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185662",
"score": "0.9723998",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "(Harris) is missing Mowgli (Ginny Tyler), so he teams up with King Louie (Prima) and Bagheera (Dal McKennon) to take him from the man village. On February 14, 2003, DisneyToon Studios in Australia released a film sequel, \"The Jungle Book 2\", in which Mowgli runs away from the man village to see his animal friends, unaware that Shere Khan is more determined to kill him than ever. In 2005, screenwriter Robert Reece pitched \"Jungle Book 3\" to Disney execs. However, the project never materialized. Elements of \"The Jungle Book\" were recycled in the later Disney feature film \"Robin Hood\" due",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185657",
"score": "0.9699062",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (franchise)",
"text": "announced a new nighttime show based on the 2016 live-action film, set to take place at Disney's Animal Kingdom. The limited-engagement show will fill the space of the delayed Rivers of Light night-time show, presumably until Rivers of Light is ready. The Jungle Book (franchise) The Jungle Book is a Disney media franchise that commenced in 1967 with the theatrical release of \"The Jungle Book\". It is based on Rudyard Kipling's works of the same name. The franchise includes a 2003 sequel to the animated film and three live-action films produced by Walt Disney Pictures. \"The Jungle Book\" is a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18208782",
"score": "0.967078",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "The Jungle King",
"text": "The Jungle King The Jungle King (also known as: Enchanted Tales: The Jungle King) is a 1994 American animated musical film that was made by Golden Books' film studio, Golden Films and distributed by Sony Wonder. Diane Eskenazi, who is the founder of Golden Films, was the producer, director and storywriter for the film as she did the same for other animated films made by this studio. It was originally released on VHS in 1994, but it later did see a DVD release in 2003. This animated feature was released in Golden Films' Enchanted Tales collection of films. Taking place",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11459521",
"score": "0.9662703",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "with \"One Hundred and One Dalmatians\" and \"The Sword in the Stone\". However, after the disappointing reaction to \"The Sword in the Stone\", Walt Disney decided to become more involved in the story than he had been with the past two films, with his nephew Roy E. Disney saying that \"[he] certainly influenced everything about it. (...) With \"Jungle Book\", he obviously got hooked on the jungle and the characters that lived there.\" Peet decided to follow closely the dramatic, dark, and sinister tone of Kipling's book, which is about the struggles between animals and man. However, the film's writers",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185633",
"score": "0.96460915",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (video game)",
"text": "1994 \"Megawards\". \"Mega\" placed the game at number 21 in their Top Mega Drive Games of All Time. The Jungle Book (video game) The Jungle Book is a series of platform video games based on the 1967 Disney animated film \"The Jungle Book\", primarily released in 1994. The game was released by Virgin Interactive Entertainment in 1993 for the Sega Master System. Conversions for the Game Boy, NES, Sega Genesis/Mega Drive, Sega Game Gear, Super NES, and PC followed in 1994, and a remake for the Game Boy Advance was released in 2003 to celebrate the film's sequel, \"The Jungle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6442155",
"score": "0.96216553",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "the Sherman Brothers and one by Gilkyson, \"The Bare Necessities\". The film initially became Disney's second highest-grossing animated film in the United States and Canada, and was also successful during its re-releases. The film was also successful throughout the world, becoming Germany's highest-grossing film by number of admissions. Disney released a live-action remake in 1994 and an animated sequel, \"The Jungle Book 2\", in 2003; another live-action adaptation directed by Jon Favreau was released in 2016. Mowgli, a young orphan boy, is found in a basket in the deep jungles of India by Bagheera, a black panther who promptly takes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185626",
"score": "0.9596067",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book: Mowgli's Story",
"text": "he was raised by wild animals and rediscovered humans again as a teenager. It was distributed by Walt Disney Pictures on September 29, 1998. In the jungle of India, a group of villagers are sightseeing. Later that night, Shere Khan the tiger (Sherman Howard), and his sidekick Tabaqui the hyena (Stephen Tobolowsky) attack the villagers. A young boy named Mowgli (Brandon Baker) runs off in search of his parents, only to get lost. He is eventually taken into a wolf pack by wolf parents, Akela (Clancy Brown) and Raksha (Peri Gilpin). Mowgli befriends Baloo the bear, Bagheera the panther, Chil",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10914087",
"score": "0.9594154",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1994 film)",
"text": "befriends a bear cub named Baloo. Twenty years later, Mowgli, now a young man, discovers Monkey City, a legendary ancient city filled with treasure belonging to King Louie the Orangutan, who has his treasure guarded by Kaa the python. Forced to fight for his life, Mowgli succeeds in wounding the snake with a golden dagger that he retrieves from the treasure horde. Winning King Louie's respect, Mowgli keeps the dagger as a trophy. Elsewhere, Katherine and her father are still stationed in India. She and Mowgli meet again, but neither recognize the other. Katherine is also in a relationship with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3273397",
"score": "0.95927453",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book 2",
"text": "The Jungle Book 2 The Jungle Book 2 is a 2003 animated film produced by the Australian office at DisneyToon Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures and Buena Vista Distribution. The theatrical version of the film was released in France on February 5, 2003, and released in the United States on February 14, 2003. The film is a sequel to Walt Disney's 1967 film \"The Jungle Book\", and stars Haley Joel Osment as the voice of Mowgli and John Goodman as the voice of Baloo. The film was originally produced as a direct-to-video film, but was released theatrically first,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3272496",
"score": "0.9591698",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1994 film)",
"text": "\"Variety\" said that, \"Technically, \"Jungle Book\" is an encyclopedia of wonders, from the dazzling scenery (shot largely in Jodhpur, India), cinematography, costumes and sets, to the animals, who frequently out-emote their two-legged counterparts. Even so, \"Book\" may have been more effective had its story stayed on one page.\" Rita Kempley from \"The Washington Post\" was more favorable, stating that \"the narrative shifts from romance to adventure the way Cheetah used to hop from foot to foot, but Sommers nevertheless delivers a bully family picture.\" On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film received an approval rating of 79% based on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3273407",
"score": "0.9568553",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (2016 film)",
"text": "Murray, Ben Kingsley, Idris Elba, Lupita Nyong'o, Scarlett Johansson, Giancarlo Esposito, and Christopher Walken. Favreau, Marks, and producer Brigham Taylor developed the film's story as a balance between Disney's animated adaptation and Kipling's original works, borrowing elements from both into the film. Principal photography commenced in 2014, with filming taking place entirely in Los Angeles. The film required extensive use of computer-generated imagery to portray the animals and settings. \"The Jungle Book\" was released in North America in Disney Digital 3-D, RealD 3D, IMAX 3D, D-Box, and premium large formats, on April 15, 2016. It became a critical and commercial",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18235688",
"score": "0.9548421",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "to that film's limited budget, such as Baloo being inspiration for Little John (who not only was a bear, but also voiced by Phil Harris). In particular, the dance sequence between Baloo and King Louie was simply rotoscoped for Little John and Lady Cluck's dance. It has been widely acclaimed by animators, with Eric Goldberg declaring \"The Jungle Book\" \"boasts possibly the best character animation a studio has ever done\". The animators of \"Aladdin\", \"The Lion King\" and \"Lilo & Stitch\" took inspiration from the design and animation of the film, and four people involved with Disney's animations, director Brad",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185658",
"score": "0.95461464",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "a hungry Indian python, tries to devour Mowgli, but Bagheera intervenes. The next morning, Mowgli tries to join the elephant patrol led by Colonel Hathi and his wife Winifred. Bagheera finds Mowgli, but after a fight decides to leave Mowgli on his own. Mowgli soon meets up with the laid-back, fun-loving sloth bear Baloo, who promises to raise Mowgli himself and never take him back to the Man-Village. Shortly afterwards, a group of monkeys kidnap Mowgli and take him to their leader, King Louie the orangutan. King Louie offers to help Mowgli stay in the jungle if he will tell",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185628",
"score": "0.95326924",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (franchise)",
"text": "The Jungle Book (franchise) The Jungle Book is a Disney media franchise that commenced in 1967 with the theatrical release of \"The Jungle Book\". It is based on Rudyard Kipling's works of the same name. The franchise includes a 2003 sequel to the animated film and three live-action films produced by Walt Disney Pictures. \"The Jungle Book\" is a 1967 animated musical comedy film produced by Walt Disney Productions. Inspired by Rudyard Kipling's classic book of the same name, it is the 19th Disney animated feature film. Directed by Wolfgang Reitherman, it was the last film to be produced by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18208767",
"score": "0.9506653",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Jungle Book (1967 film)",
"text": "decided to make the story more straightforward, as the novel is very episodic, with Mowgli going back and forth from the jungle to the Man-Village, and Peet felt that Mowgli returning to the Man-Village should be the ending for the film. Following suggestions, Peet also created two original characters: The human girl for which Mowgli falls in love, as the animators considered that falling in love would be the best excuse for Mowgli to leave the jungle; and Louie, king of the monkeys. Louie was a less comical character, enslaving Mowgli trying to get the boy to teach him to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3185634",
"score": "0.9501406",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "The Jungle Book",
"long_answer": "The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling. The stories are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. A principal character is the boy or \"man-cub\" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear. The book has been adapted many times for film and other media.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Jungle Book (1894) is a collection of stories by English author Rudyard Kipling. The stories are fables, using animals in an anthropomorphic manner to give moral lessons. A principal character is the boy or \"man-cub\" Mowgli, who is raised in the jungle by wolves. Other characters include Shere Khan the tiger and Baloo the bear. The book has been adapted many times for film and other media.",
"short_answers": [
"English author Rudyard Kipling"
]
}
|
when does middle-earth shadow of mordor come out
|
[
"September 2014"
] |
[
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "edition with DLC was announced on April 29, 2015 and released on May 5 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. A special edition, with in-game items and a steelbook, was introduced on August 1. The review aggregator website Metacritic gave the Microsoft Windows version a score of 84 out of 100 (based on 17 reviews), the PlayStation 4 version scored 84 out of 100 (based on 85 reviews), and the Xbox One version scored 87 out of 100 (based on 12 reviews). The game's core feature, its Nemesis system, was praised. According to Lucas Sullivan of GamesRadar, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17668357",
"score": "1.0225899",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings Online",
"text": "Mordor: Where the Shadows Lie and talks about what happened soon after the fall of Sauron in the Dark Land and beyond. It is divided in chapters: the first four were released with the Mordor expansion in 2017 and the other two chapters were released in March 2018 with Update 22: Legacy of the Necromancer; others are work-in-progress for next updates. Sierra On-Line first announced the development of a licensed Middle-earth MMORPG in 1998. Sierra had financial troubles in 1999 and replaced the staff working on the game. Sierra continued to confirm development of the MMORPG but did not release",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4547292",
"score": "1.0069159",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "photograph a volcano; to create other parts of the game environment, they studied photos of Iceland and New Zealand and yellow stone found worldwide. Since \"Shadow of Mordor\" is set before \"The Lord of the Rings\", its landscape is less post-apocalyptic; environments also vary by weather, lighting and atmosphere. The game has a standalone plot. Early in development the team consulted Peter Jackson, director of \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" film trilogies, who advised them against a film tie-in. According to de Plater, the story is character-driven to be \"authentic\" relative to Tolkien's themes. The game was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17668350",
"score": "0.99647796",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "set out to avenge the deaths of their loved ones. Players can engage in melee combat, and use wraith abilities to fight and manipulate enemies. The game introduces the Nemesis System, which allows the artificial intelligence of non-playable characters to remember their prior actions against the game's protagonist and react accordingly. The game's development began in 2011. In order to create an accurate environment and be consistent with Tolkien's books, the developers consulted many people from Warner Brothers, as well as Peter Jackson, director of the \"Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" film trilogies. They also received assistance from",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "16, 2014, the downloadable content (DLC) \"Lord of the Hunt\" was released. Its storyline revolved around Torvin, and it included new runes, skins and bosses. \"Lord of the Hunt\" received mixed reviews from critics. The final DLC for \"Shadow of Mordor\" (\"The Bright Lord\") is set 3,000 years before the main campaign and allows players to control Talion's companion, Celebrimbor. It adds a chapter to \"Shadow of Mordor\" in which players can complete ten more missions and fight Sauron. The content was released on February 24, 2015 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. A Game of the Year",
"hasanswer": false,
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "to depart for Valinor. Talion instead convinces him to stay and attempt to overthrow Sauron. Gazing at Mount Doom, Talion declares his intention to forge a new Ring of Power. Development of \"Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor\", which took about three years, began in late 2011. The game's lead developer was Monolith Productions, who had experience on a Middle-earth game with \"Guardians of Middle-earth\" (a multiplayer online battle arena game released in 2012). According to design director Michael de Plater, \"Shadow of Mordor\" was developed in parallel with \"Guardians of Middle-earth\" but handled by a separate team. It was published by",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "the Year\" in 2015. The game was supported by downloadable content upon release. A sequel, \"\", was released in October 2017. \"Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor\" is a third-person open world action-adventure video game, where the player controls a ranger by the name of Talion who seeks revenge on the forces of Sauron after his family, consisting of his wife and son, are killed by those that lead them. Players can travel across locations in the game through parkour, riding monsters, or accessing Forge Towers, which serve as fast travel points. Though Talion is mortally felled in the game's introduction, the",
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"title": "The Hobbit (film series)",
"text": "and iOS platforms which received negative reviews from critics and users. \"Shadow of Mordor\" was a critically acclaimed Action-adventure video game released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4 & Xbox One in October 2014 and for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 on 21 November, nearly a week prior to \"\" world premiere in London, on 1 December. The events of the game take place directly after Sauron fled to Mordor, escaping The White Council, which was shown at the beginning of the film. The game was planned to act as an overlap between The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings.",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "player actions and enemy movements); combat music included waterphones and spring drums. In August 2013 an artist mentioned that Monolith Productions was working on a AAA title separate from \"Guardians of Middle-earth\", and on November 12 its title was announced. Although the game was originally scheduled for release on October 7, 2014, according to Warner Bros. its release was moved up to September 30 in North America and October 3 in the United Kingdom due to \"fans' excitement\". The PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions were released on November 18 in North America and November 21 in Europe. On December",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. It is the second game set on Middle-earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB, after The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.",
"hasanswer": true,
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"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "will inevitably be resurrected by Sauron. Afterwards, Eltariel continues to battle the forces of Mordor until she witnesses the destruction of the One Ring. Upon seeing Celebrimbor's spirit freed from Sauron, Eltariel decides to go track him down. After the fall of Minas Ithil, Baranor journeys through Mordor seeking to hire mercenaries to help him seize the fortress of Shindram. On the way, he is attacked by wyrms and rescued by the dwarf Torvin, who helps develop gadgets for Baranor such as a grappling hook and parachute. Baranor continues to the Vanishing Sons mercenary camp, where he discovers they are",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "its elements to his upcoming science-fiction project. \"Shadow of Mordor\" release was the most successful for a \"Lord of the Rings\"-based game. The game debuted at number two in the UK retail software sales chart in its first week (behind \"FIFA 15\"), and was the ninth-bestselling game in the United States in October 2014. When \"Shadow of Mordor\" was introduced, Monolith was accused by former Ubisoft employee Charles Randall of using assets (such as the protagonist-animation code) from \"Assassin's Creed II\". Monolith responded that all their project's assets were developed from scratch; they had confidence in their originality, and the",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "of the series, and his interest in the game waned towards its end. \"Destructoid\" Chris Carter was disappointed in a plot he considered generic (\"Go here, kill this, draw out this big bad, then kill him for your family\"); the game failed to add anything new to the universe, and its side missions were more interesting than the main campaign. Other aspects of \"Shadow of Mordor\" were praised. Sullivan enjoyed its \"Lord of the Rings\"' lore, and found the number of collectibles in the game \"staggering\". Miller also admired Monolith's extensive use of lore in the game, and praised its",
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"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 versions received mixed-to-negative reviews and many technical problems were noted. According to Thomas Morgan of Eurogamer its frame rate was substandard, and Yannick LeJacq of Kotaku cited \"many technical hiccups and glitches\". Morgan believed that the game developers spent little effort on the port, and LeJacq questioned the need to release the game for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 at all. \"Shadow of Mordor\" was well received by \"BioShock\" series creator Ken Levine, who called it the first open world game with a non-linear story and narrative and said he would bring some of",
"hasanswer": false,
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "is barely able to escape thanks to the help of Eltariel, an Elven assassin working on Galadriel's behalf. The Witch King seizes Minas Ithil, renaming it Minas Morgul. With the Palantir, Sauron realizes that Shelob is holding Celebrimbor's Ring and sends the Nazgûl to attack her. Talion is able to save Shelob, who returns the Ring to him and tells him that the fate of Middle-earth is in his hands. With the Ring back in his possession, Talion begins to use its power to dominate Orcs and build his army. During this time, he assists Idril and Baranor in rescuing",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "Mordor\" combat an improvement of the \"Assassin's Creed\" formula. Reception of the game's storyline was mixed. Although Shoemaker and Sliwinski praised its \"dark\" tone, Shoemaker found some story elements (such as Gollum's introduction) forced and designed to appeal to a particular audience. According to \"Game Informer\" Matt Miller, \"Shadow of Mordor\" fails to successfully tie together all of its various plot threads in the game's conclusion. Kevin VanOrd of GameSpot also found the storyline erratic, dragged down by anti-climactic fights and scenes. Dan Stapleton of IGN wrote that the story introduced memorable characters but would not make sense to fans",
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"score": "0.9345403",
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "had to draw notes on Tolkien's notes and appendices to ensure that their vision for the game would not change the franchise's timeline. Although the game's environment is inspired by the books and films, several places (such as Udûn and the Sea of Nurnen) were re-imagined. Art director Phil Straub considered consistency with the lore and presenting \"something visually new\" and realistic the most important elements of creating the game, and the team did not incorporate many fantasy elements in its world. To depict volcanic activity, the studio sent a team to Eastern Washington and the Columbia River plateau to",
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"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "of that year, Warner Bros. Interactive announced that the release would be put off for two months, until October 10, 2017, to make sure the game meets \"the highest quality experience\" for players. Despite this delay, the mobile companion versions of \"Shadow of War\" were released on September 28, 2017, ahead of the console/PC versions. \"Middle-earth: Shadow of War\" received \"generally favorable\" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. \"IGN\" gave a positive review stating that the game was \"bigger and more ambitious in scope than \"Shadow of Mordor\", with great results\" especially praising the nemesis system, the battles",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War Middle-earth: Shadow of War is an action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the sequel to 2014's \"\", and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 10, 2017. \"Shadow of War\" continues the previous game's narrative, which is based on J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium and set between the events of \"The Hobbit\" and \"The Lord of the Rings\". Like its predecessor, the game also takes heavy inspiration from director Peter Jackson's \"The Hobbit\" and \"The Lord of the Rings\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20021551",
"score": "0.9328052",
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "core gameplay mechanics, story and narrative are unchanged in the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 ports, some features (such as the Nemesis system) are less complex than the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One versions. According to the game's developer, the Nemesis system was too large for older consoles. The music for \"Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor\" was composed by Garry Schyman and Nathan Grigg, and a soundtrack album was released digitally by WaterTower Music on September 30, 2014. In designing the game's music, the team used a number of sonic tools which synchronize with other aspects of the game (such as",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17668354",
"score": "0.9303923",
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "game. The studio was inspired by sports games, where the narrative continues when players lose a match. This can prevent immersion and narrative from breaking when players die in the game. According to Rob Roberts, the system is designed so players can emotionally attach to the protagonist through gameplay drama. They also hoped that through the system, players can create their own villain, leading to an organic story. \"Shadow of Mordor\" bridges the gap between \"The Hobbit\" and \"The Lord of the Rings\", with the team wanting to show iconic elements of the universe in an original way. The team",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17668348",
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "roam around Mordor, with special activities to collect specific flora or to hunt certain creatures, or to find old artifacts or Elvish seals. Completing quests earns the player a number of rewards: experience points that are used to unlock new abilities for the player from both Talion's ranger and Celebrimbor's wraith skills, a Power value that allows the player to access more powerful abilities to unlock, and an in-game currency called \"Mirian\" that the player can use to improve Talion's health, wraith skill capacity, or forge new slots on his weapons to add additional runes (as described in the Nemesis",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17668328",
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "film adaptations. The player continues the story of the ranger Talion and the spirit of the elf lord Celebrimbor, who shares Talion's body, as they forge a new Ring of Power to amass an army to fight against Sauron. The game builds upon the \"Nemesis System\" introduced in \"Shadow of Mordor\", allowing Talion to gain followers from several races of Middle-earth, including Uruks and Ologs, and plan out complex strategies using these to complete missions. \"Shadow of War\" had a generally positive reaction from critics, albeit more mixed than its predecessor; praise was aimed towards the gameplay and an improved",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "\"Shadow of Mordor\" stealth and free-flow combat mechanics. The studio considered Rocksteady's games good examples of how to handle a licensed title. The game's signature feature is its Nemesis system. The Monolith team considered themselves experts in artificial intelligence, and wanted to push its boundaries. Allowing players to choose their story (a sandbox-game pillar) and \"leverage the new generation hardware through innovation\", the team wanted to create a system allowing non-playable characters to respond to player actions; this later became the Nemesis system. The system's idea was frameworked three months after development began, and to best present it everyone in",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "plan, leading an army of mind-controlled orcs in an assault against the Black Hand's stronghold at Ered Glamhoth. However, rather than the Black Hand, Talion finds the Tower of Sauron waiting for him. The Tower mockingly taunts Talion that Celebrimbor chose him as a host and can free him at any time and offers the elf a place at Sauron's side. Refusing the offer, the two battle and Talion emerges victorious after viciously stabbing the Tower to death with his son's sword. Afterwards, Celebrimbor confesses that the Tower told the truth and promises to let Talion join his family in",
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{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "walks off into the west. Following the final battle between Celebrimbor and Sauron, Eltariel recovers Celebrimbor's Ring, and receives orders from Galadriel to continue hunting the remaining Nazgûl, including Talion. Eltariel reluctantly confronts Talion, who manages to convince her that by working together, they can keep Sauron's influence contained within Mordor. However, he informs her that a new warchief is leading a massive army and has attacked many of his fortresses. Talion tasks Eltariel with defending one of his remaining forts while he goes to defend another fort in Seregost. Eltarial manages to recruit several new tribes of orcs to",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "answering the \"message\", the Hammer of Sauron is sent, punishing Ratbag for not answering his duties to kill the ranger. Talion and The Hammer then face off, with packs of Uruk joining the fight, but after a savage battle, Talion manages to kill The Hammer. Talion is then sought out by the warrior Lithariel, the daughter of Queen Marwen (Claudia Black), who claims to be able to assist Celebrimbor with his mission. Marwen is the ruler of Núrn, a kingdom of sea raiders located in the south of Mordor. She uses her powers to guide Talion and Celebrimbor to another",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "of Mordor, is killed by the armies of Sauron, but Talion is revived with \"wraith-like abilities\" and heads into Mordor to exact his revenge. Mordor is not yet a barren wasteland in this story. The player will encounter Gollum (voiced by Liam O'Brien). Talion discovers that the wraith who revived him is Celebrimbor (voiced by Alastair Duncan), the greatest Elven smith master of the Second Age, who also seeks revenge against Sauron. Talion, a captain of Gondor, serves within a garrison stationed at the Black Gate of Mordor. The garrison is attacked by Sauron's Orc forces led by three Black",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of War",
"text": "2017 Game of the Year Awards. It won the award for \"Best Combat\" in \"Game Informer\"s 2017 Action Game of the Year Awards. Middle-earth: Shadow of War Middle-earth: Shadow of War is an action role-playing video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. It is the sequel to 2014's \"\", and was released worldwide for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One on October 10, 2017. \"Shadow of War\" continues the previous game's narrative, which is based on J. R. R. Tolkien's legendarium and set between the events of \"The Hobbit\" and \"The Lord of",
"hasanswer": false,
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},
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"text": "wraith of the Elven Lord Celebrimbor is able to use his power to keep Talion alive, along with gifting him wraith-like abilities to exact his revenge. Missions in the game feature main story missions that follow Talion's quest for revenge, side missions that involve following Gollum to find artifacts that are tied to Celebrimbor's past, missions to free the human slaves that have been captured by the Uruk armies and forced to work for Sauron, and additional quests to help forge new abilities for Talion's sword, bow, and dagger. The player also has the freedom to pursue side quests and",
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}
] |
{
"title": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor",
"long_answer": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. It is the second game set on Middle-earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB, after The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Monolith Productions and published by Warner Bros. Interactive Entertainment. The game was released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One in September 2014 and PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 in November 2014. It is the second game set on Middle-earth to be rated Mature by the ESRB, after The Lord of the Rings: War in the North.",
"short_answers": [
"September 2014"
]
}
|
when does the black panther movie soundtrack come out
|
[
"February 9, 2018",
"February 16, 2018"
] |
[
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "said that \"when the right music is aligned to the right media, especially with these new means of music distribution, primarily streaming, it's created a whole new world for soundtracks that didn't previously exist.\" Interscope Records executive Manny Smith felt that \"Black Panther: The Album\" stood out because of the strong direction from Coogler and Lamar, adding, \"I think it'll spark people to make more culturally relevant music and be more aware. That's always our goal\". David Bakula, vice president of analytics Nielsen Entertainment, said the album was \"much bigger than just a music release. It's much bigger than just",
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"isgold": false,
"id": "20520142",
"score": "1.1121794",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "Cinematic Universe without sacrificing the genre's core necessities.\" Anton Smit of Soundtrack World was surprised by the score, expecting to hear standard superhero music and instead finding something fresh that \"really uses genuine African elements, not just sounds that come out of a computer.\" Smit praised the combination of African, orchestral, and electronic music, as well as Göransson's use of leitmotifs. He noted how the percussion usually found in a \"bombastic\" Hollywood score is replaced here with performances that do not \"seem brainless at all as you can feel the soul the African musicians put into their play\", and concluded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520139",
"score": "1.111207",
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},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "Black Panther (soundtrack) The soundtrack for the 2018 American superhero film \"Black Panther\", based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name and produced by Marvel Studios, consists of an original score composed by Ludwig Göransson and original songs produced by Kendrick Lamar. Göransson worked on all of director Ryan Coogler's previous films, while Lamar and Coogler had previously discussed collaborating and the musician agreed to produce several songs for the film after seeing an early version of it. After reading the film's script, Göransson traveled to Africa to research traditional African music for the film. He went on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520087",
"score": "1.0994251",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "American rappers for artists like Jamaica's Spice [or] Brazil's Karol Conká ... It could have made an equally-remarkable accompanying musical piece to Black Panther. But if those chances are never taken, especially with platforms as big as Marvel in support, we may not get to see what an artistic coming-together could really do for diasporic relations.\" Dustin Seibert was excited for the album's release, but in his review of it for The Grio he expressed disappointment, finding many of the songs to be mediocre and especially criticizing Lamar's supportive work which he felt detracted from some of the guest performances.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520131",
"score": "1.0970933",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "a compilation album.\" MIDiA Research analyst Zach Fuller added that the success of the album could be \"indicative of streaming bringing people back to this [soundtrack-centric] model ... it may well be the film industry that leads the way in preserving the album as an artistic medium.\" He compared this possible trend to the way Bollywood films affect popular music in India. Inspired by activist April Reign's use of the Twitter hashtag #WakandaForeverEver, her friend J.Period began exploring the music of \"Black Panther\" and how it connected to the works of hip-hop group OutKast. He noted the prominent role that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520143",
"score": "1.0929725",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "unique elements used in the latter that serve to disrupt the music of Wakanda when that character arrives in the country. Jonathon Broxton for Movie Music UK credited Göransson for his research and commitment to faithfully conveying African music in the score, rather than just using \"indeterminate ethnic drumming\", but felt that this was \"all for nothing if the final score doesn't act as a good and appropriate film score in its own right. Thankfully, Göransson's composing chops are strong, and as a result the score for \"Black Panther\" soars.\" Broxton particularly praised the different layers of the themes for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520133",
"score": "1.0803267",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "soundtrack album rather than just the few songs requested by Coogler. Because of the film's set release schedule, Lamar had less time to work on the album than he usually would. He began work with producer Sounwave while on tour, before completing the individual songs in collaboration with many different artists. One of these collaborators was Göransson, who worked on one of the songs and included elements from the album in the score. Coogler felt the album became its own piece of art rather than just a tie-in to the film. Lamar's soundtrack was released as Black Panther: The Album",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520089",
"score": "1.0783815",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "T'Challa and Killmonger, and how Göransson was able to deconstruct them and use their elements throughout the score. He concluded that the score is \"culturally appropriate, instrumentally fascinating ... and has an intelligent thematic architecture that is worthy of overt praise.\" Reviewing the score for AllMusic, Neil Z. Yeung gave it four out of five stars, calling it \"triumphant\" and highlighting the moments where the African elements were combined with traditional orchestra and modern hip-hop. Luke Martin of \"Fortitude Magazine\" said the score \"blows other Marvel soundtracks out of the water\", calling it \"rich\" in African sounds that help it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520134",
"score": "1.065623",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "or chorus or hook defined by the least regal of the great rap flows, unassumingly slurred while making every word count\". Andy Kellman gave the soundtrack four stars out of five for AllMusic, calling it an \"unprecedented convergence of the mainstream film industry with an uncompromising musician thriving commercially and artistically.\" He noted that \"the majority of the guests evidently approached this as a Kendrick Lamar album, not as a soundtrack. \"Black Panther: The Album\" serves both purposes well.\" Larry Bartleet also gave the album four stars in his review for \"NME\". Bartleet called it the new gold standard for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520125",
"score": "1.0647391",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (film)",
"text": "April 2017. Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the \"base\" of his soundtrack. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: \"All the Stars\", \"King's Dead\", and \"Pray for Me\". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16, 2018.",
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},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "his usual orchestral and modern production techniques to create the final score. He said it would be a challenge to do this while still having the music \"feel African\", and had to approach the score as infusing an orchestra, played in the tradition of African instruments, into actual African music. Göransson had initially approached the score with the idea that music in Wakanda could be anything due to it being a fictional country, but discovered that \"music from Africa is a language\" used for storytelling, with every instrument and different musical rhythm given meaning, and wanted to ensure that this",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520096",
"score": "1.0612832",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "progress might be possible.\" Clayton Purdom at \"The A.V. Club\" felt the \"Black Panther\" soundtrack was one of the best rap albums so far in 2018, feeling that the individual songs \"play it safe, but the project itself does not, an audacious exertion of energy from one of the planet's most universally revered musicians... the album doesn't need the film; it works on its own\". He compared it to other artist-driven soundtracks for films like \"\", \"Coffy\", and \"\". Writing for \"Vice\", Robert Christgau called the music \"sneakily experimental pop-rap\" and credited Lamar for \"marking every [song] with a verse",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520124",
"score": "1.0609564",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "James Southall of Movie Wave thought Göransson had devised some good ideas, especially Killonger's theme which he thought was both surprising and fascinating, but that they were stretched too thin on the album. He called this presentation a shame, feeling that the score had the potential to earn a four star (out of five) score but in reality deserved two stars due to the album length. Lamar's soundtrack, along with that of the film \"The Greatest Showman\" (2017), was named as proof of a \"soundtrack renaissance\" with growing public interest in album's tied to films. Atlantic Records president Kevin Weaver",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520141",
"score": "1.0601547",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "tour with Senegalese musician Baaba Maal, and recorded performances by Maal and other African musicians for use in the score. Notably, Göransson used recordings of talking drums and a tambin for character themes in the film, while Maal sung an original song for the opening of the score. Göransson combined these traditional African elements with the classical orchestra that is often used in superhero films. The orchestra was recorded at Abbey Road Studios, along with a choir singing in the Xhosa language. Wanting to match the film in terms of addressing important themes, Lamar decided to produce a full curated",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520088",
"score": "1.0574241",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "debuted at number one on the US \"Billboard 200\" with 154,000 equivalent album units, including 52,000 from pure album sales. It remained at the number one spot in its second week, moving 131,000 equivalent album units with 40,000 from pure album sales. Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 80 out of 100 based on 14 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Matt Miller of \"Esquire\" said the album was a \"stunning moment in film history ... an absolute milestone\", feeling that the fact \"these topics can even be breached on a [Disney] platform like this seems like",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520123",
"score": "1.0548518",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "to collaborate on a project. Coogler wanted \"Black Panther\" to include some original songs from Lamar, an idea that Marvel supported, and approached the musician with footage from the film after Lamar had completed work on his album \"DAMN.\" Lamar and producer Sounwave were \"drawn in by the opening scene and the deep message this movie told\". They wanted to match the film's \"energy and raw emotions\", but felt this would be difficult with the few songs Coogler requested and instead decided to create a full album. The soundtrack features songs that are heard in the film as well as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520092",
"score": "1.0546993",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "that Göransson combined; he stated, \"I haven't heard film music quite like this. It's a fusion of styles and moods like no other\". He concluded that where the film is a game-changer for the industry, the score is a game-changer for MCU soundtracks. Filmtracks.com's Christian Clemmenson gave the score four stars out of five, calling it \"one of the most striking and potentially dizzying scores of this generation\" with Göransson generally succeeding in combining the various elements of his music. Clemmenson praised the use of percussion and vocals in the score, and called it thematically \"quite well developed\"—in particular, Clemmenson",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520137",
"score": "1.0526515",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "that Göransson lived up to the African tradition of telling stories through music. Pete Simons on Synchrotones's Soundtrack Reviews found the score to be fun, describing it as \"a rousing superhero score and an outlandish ethnic score rolled into one\". He highlighted the action music, and called the use of talking drums to sound out T'Challa's name and the screaming of \"Killmonger\" in that character's theme both \"nice touches\". However, Simons did think the score was somewhat repetitive, that Göransson may have tried to add too many elements to the music, and that the album presentation featured some inconsistent mixing.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520140",
"score": "1.0511667",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "unlikely candidate to write African music given he is Swedish, and decided that he needed to go to Africa himself to do his own research. He noted that the fictional setting of the film, Wakanda, was never colonized and so the music found there would not have been influenced by Christian music. Coogler also wanted to use authentic African sounds, a first for a superhero film, and trusted Göransson to balance this with the \"anthemic\" quality of a traditional superhero score. Göransson spent a month in Senegal, first travelling around with musician Baaba Maal for a week while he was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520094",
"score": "1.0507078",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "Marvel soundtracks, and said it was difficult to pick a standout moment. He highlighted how Lamar's lyrics at times reflect the viewpoint of T'Challa and other times side with Killmonger, matching the film's \"empathetic understanding of both characters' perspectives\". Reviewing the album for \"Pitchfork\", Sheldon Pearce said it \"is finely-tuned, aware of its audience, its objectives, and the stakes\", feeling that it was at times convoluted or even generic but ultimately \"delivers on its promise, much like the larger comic world it now occupies.\" Kathleen Johnston at \"GQ\" described the album as worth celebrating, stating that what it lacks \"in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520126",
"score": "1.0496321",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "rhythm, 808 rhythm, solo talking drum, \"T'Challa\" talking drum motif, or a combination of them all as the primary rhythm for T'Challa in the score. On top of this rhythm, Coogler and Göransson chose to use horns to make the character's theme sound more royal, with Göransson writing music for the horns that he felt was more rhythmic than melodic and allowed them to be interpreted as coming from the rhythm of the talking drums rather than a traditional western theme with drums in the background. Göransson did write a specific six-note melody for T'Challa, also played on the brass,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520099",
"score": "1.0457668",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (film)",
"text": "and the tambin, or Fula flute, to use in his character themes, along with horns. Nate Moore compared the work Göransson did in defining the sound of the film to the use of music by James Gunn in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" films, with the composer pushing Marvel out of their comfort zone. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, \"Black Panther: The Album\", along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith, after Coogler wanted to include original songs from Lamar in the film because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". The soundtrack features",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17803087",
"score": "1.0417958",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "Sounwave noted that it was a challenge to balance all of the different styles of artists on the album, like the \"kerosene beats\" of SOB x RBE with \"Afrofuturist rapper\" Vince Staples, while remaining consistent with Lamar's previous work and also being accessible to all potential filmgoers. Lamar released the first single from his soundtrack album, \"All the Stars\", on January 4, 2018, in which he collaborated with fellow Top Dawg artist SZA. Shortly after, a new trailer for the film featured \"Opps\" by Lamar and Vince Staples. A second song by Lamar with Jay Rock, Future, and James Blake",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520120",
"score": "1.0389675",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "album release, Saudi added that \"it wasn't supposed to happen like this; I was told that that I wouldn't appeal to an international audience but here I am. I'm so grateful\". Additionally, Göransson worked with Lamar and Sounwave during the filmmaking process, spending time with them in their studio to create \"collaborative excerpts\" for throughout the film. He contributed to the song \"Opps\" that is played during a car chase in the film. Coogler praised this collaboration, especially how Göransson was able to weave elements from Lamar's songs \"in and out of the orchestral stuff that he was already doing.\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520119",
"score": "1.0373248",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "excitement or reflection or sadness.\" Moore compared the work Göransson did in defining the sound of the film to the use of music by James Gunn in the \"Guardians of the Galaxy\" films, and said that it was something that would be further expanded on in a \"Black Panther\" sequel. He noted that Göransson took Marvel outside of their comfort zone on the film, but they were willing to defer to him after all of the research he did. Several times, Marvel executives questioned whether the score was leaning too close to traditional western music only to have Göransson explain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520108",
"score": "1.0361221",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "a 40-person choir in London, at Abbey Road Studios for two weeks during October and November 2017. Göransson and John Ashton Thomas conducted the orchestra. The orchestral music was sometimes used as counterpoint to Göransson's recordings from Senegal, and other times was made to \"echo the multiple layers of rhythms\" heard in those recordings. The choir sung in the Xhosa language, including passages that sound like \"T'Challa\" for when he arrives at the Warrior Falls arena. Coogler concluded that Göransson \"really set the table for the emotion that we were trying to get across [in the film], whether it was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520107",
"score": "1.0347278",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "also a strict time limit to how long they could work on the album given the film's set release schedule, and so they began work while Lamar was on The Damn Tour in August 2017. During their time on the studio bus moving between performances, the pair would come up with \"the production, the hooks and ideas\" for the album. Sounwave estimated that around 80 percent of the album was completed at the end of the tour. Work on finishing the songs began the following month, with individual artists selected to collaborate on specific songs. Sounwave described these two months",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520112",
"score": "1.0329376",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "new take on the \"Black Panther\" theme as a \"stirring choral anthem ... while still keeping that electrifying drumbeat that made the original one of the best character themes on a Marvel movie soundtrack\". Hoair-Tran Bui at /Film said the EP was unlikely to become as popular as the main score or soundtrack albums, but felt that it provided \"the perfect capper for the summer, and an energizing vehicle for \"Black Panther\" to ride through Oscar season\". For \"Complex\", Joshua Espinoza recommended the remixes to fans of the score and soundtrack albums, and also described them as \"chill tunes\". Black",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520147",
"score": "1.0305455",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "possibility for an epic audio journey\", and felt that the results took J.Period's \"vision to the fullest possibility\". On August 16, 2018, Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released an extended play titled \"Black Panther: Wakanda Remixed\", featuring remixes of five cues from Göransson's score. Göransson worked with several other artists to create the remixes. Music videos for each of the remixes were also released to Marvel Music's Vevo channel on YouTube. James Whitbrook of io9 praised the EP as improving Göransson's already \"sublime\" score, calling the remixes \"all pretty great, chill takes\" on the existing music. Whitbrook particularly praised the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520146",
"score": "1.0205979",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Black Panther (soundtrack)",
"text": "too. I think it was a perfect marriage\". Some of the specific moments where the final songs on the album crossover with the film include the album's eponymous track, which includes African drums and Lamar singing about the weight of being king; and the song \"I Am\", which features verses sung in the Zulu language. Sounwave explained that the album was different from the work he and Lamar usually did given they were following the story line of the film rather than creating their own. He said this allowed them to \"tap into elements we normally wouldn't do\". There was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520111",
"score": "1.0201821",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Black Panther (film)",
"long_answer": "Ludwig Göransson was hired to compose the film's score by April 2017. Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the \"base\" of his soundtrack. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: \"All the Stars\", \"King's Dead\", and \"Pray for Me\". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "April 2017. Göransson traveled to Senegal and South Africa to record local musicians to form the \"base\" of his soundtrack. Kendrick Lamar produced the film's curated soundtrack, Black Panther: The Album, along with Top Dawg Entertainment founder Anthony Tiffith. Coogler chose Lamar for the project because his \"artistic themes align with those we explore in the film\". Three singles from the album were released throughout January and February 2018: \"All the Stars\", \"King's Dead\", and \"Pray for Me\". Black Panther: The Album was released on February 9, 2018, while a soundtrack of Göransson's score was released on February 16, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"February 16, 2018",
"February 9, 2018"
]
}
|
who is singing in something just like this
|
[
"Will Champion",
"Coldplay",
"The Chainsmokers",
"Chris Martin"
] |
[
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "just what the 'M' in their name actually stands for.\" Writing about the performance, Chris Coplan of Consequence of Sound concluded that \"Someone like You\", \"highlighted the power a bare-bones, booming performance can have in netting people's attention. Simple is not a bad word, pop music.\" Giving the performance an A+, Lindsey Ward of Jam! said: \"When I learned British chart-topper Adele would be performing at Sunday's awards I thought, 'Whew – at least we're guaranteed five solid, meaningful minutes of quality music television'. I was right; her frill-free performance of breakup ballad Someone Like You was just that.\" Kyle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365704",
"score": "1.0450373",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)",
"text": "all about realizing how that person is actually the \"love of your life\". \"Love Like This\" received mixed reviews from critics. Chuck Taylor in a review for \"Billboard\" described the song as a \"jaunty, youthful track that clears home base and should propel Nat forward\", while Chris Boeckmann of \"Stylus Magazine\" called it \"useless\" and a \"dud\". Michael Slezak of \"Entertainment Weekly\" found the song left him \"feeling absolutely nothing\". Slezak was unimpressed with the pairing of Bedingfield and Kingston, writing \"it's as if two people who I'm not entirely convinced can sing got together and recorded a heavily focus-grouped",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10859431",
"score": "1.0359488",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Like This (Mims song)",
"text": "Like This (Mims song) \"Like This\" is the second single from Mims' debut album, \"Music Is My Savior\". It features guest vocals from Rasheeda. Junior Reid is featured in the video. The track uses string productions, sampler, and synthesizer. The 2 official remixes were released with both featuring different artists, except Rasheeda & Sean Kingston, who are featured in both of them. The 1st official remix, the main remix, features Rasheeda, Sha Dirty, Sean Kingston, Red Cafe, and N.O.R.E., the remix being featured on Mims' mixtape \"More Than Meets the Eye\". There are 2 additional versions of this remix: both",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10038119",
"score": "1.0340018",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Like This (Mims song)",
"text": "featured Sean Kingston, the first remix featured Red Cafe, and the second remix featured N.O.R.E.. The 2nd official remix entitled as the \"Reggae Remix,\" features Rasheeda, Sean Kingston, Mr. Vegas, and Vybz Kartel. Like This (Mims song) \"Like This\" is the second single from Mims' debut album, \"Music Is My Savior\". It features guest vocals from Rasheeda. Junior Reid is featured in the video. The track uses string productions, sampler, and synthesizer. The 2 official remixes were released with both featuring different artists, except Rasheeda & Sean Kingston, who are featured in both of them. The 1st official remix, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10038120",
"score": "1.033989",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "and awe of a million-watt showstopper. Who needs special effects, when God gave you your own? Even Britney Spears looked like she had to fix her mascara when it was all over.\" \"Someone like You\" was also added to the set list of the second concert tour by Adele, Adele Live, and it was performed during the encore. While reviewing a concert by Adele, Joanne Dorken of MTV UK, said \"There wasn't a dry eye in the house as Adele powered her way through the ballad, encouraging the audience to help her sing the somewhat beautiful, yet emotional chorus –",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365706",
"score": "1.0235411",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "her pianist behind her. Her hair was pulled back and a signature ponytail draped over one shoulder she sang the song and \"did vocal aerobics and dripped her soulful, sultry sound over the dark ballad, while a transfixed audience watched her\" as stated by Kelley L. Carter of MTV. After the performance she received a standing ovation from fans and critics. According to \"USA Today\"s Cindy Clark she \"captivated the audience with her powerful performance\". Wesley Case of \"The Baltimore Sun\" concluded, \"Adele's 'Someone Like You' could make a tough guy weep. Her tone was gorgeous.\" Rating the performance with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365701",
"score": "1.0216109",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Like a Prayer (song)",
"text": "complexity builds up more after the second chorus, when the choir fully supports Madonna's vocals and she re-utters the opening lines, but this time accompanied by a synthesizer and drum beats. While singing \"Just like a prayer, your voice can take me there, Just like, a muse to me, You're a mystery\", a R&B-influenced voice backs Madonna. The song ends with a final repetition of the chorus and the choir gradually fading out. Taraborrelli noted in \"Madonna: An Intimate Biography\" that the lyrics of the song consist of \"a series of button-pushing anomalies\". With Madonna's inclusion of double entendres in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6031519",
"score": "1.0191627",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)",
"text": "song, then ran their vocals through a giant computer\". In a review for About.com, Bill Lamb called the song \"irrepressibly sunny, but forgettable\". In another review of the song, Lamb wrote that Kingston's vocals \"serve no purpose other than providing an extra element for the single's marketing campaign\". \"Love Like This\" was officially solicited to radio in the United States on 20 September 2007. The song was released as a download on 2 October 2007, and debuted at number 19 on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The following week the song rose to number four, before debuting",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10859432",
"score": "1.0178407",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Like This (Kelly Rowland song)",
"text": "glitter is seen flying upwards from the floor. Like This (Kelly Rowland song) \"Like This\" is a song by American singer Kelly Rowland, featuring vocals by rapper Eve. Recorded late into the production of Rowland's second solo album \"Ms. Kelly\" (2007), the song was released on March 13, 2007 as the lead single from the album. The artists co-wrote the song with its producers Sean Garrett, Polow da Don, Blac Elvis, and Jason Perry, with additional production from S-Dot. \"Like This\" is a R&B song, with its lyrics referring to a woman growing out of a past relationship. The song",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9710768",
"score": "1.0178071",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Something Just like This",
"text": "In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "finished by Tom Coyne. According to sheet music published at Musicnotes.com by Sony Music Publishing, \"Someone like You\" is a slow tempo of 68 beats per minute. Written in common time, the song is in the key of A major. Adele's vocal range spans from F to E during the song. A slow, plaintive ballad pairing Adele's voice with a looping piano line, \"Someone like You\" is the lyrical opposite of \"Rolling in the Deep\" on which the singer narrates coming to terms with the end of the relationship: \"Nevermind, I'll find someone like you/I wish nothing but the best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365670",
"score": "1.0171773",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "piano, her gorgeous voice and a monster song, Someone Like You.\" Later, the song was performed during a VH1 special called \"Unplugged\". Adele also performed the song at \"Jimmy Kimmel Live!\" on 24 February 2011. The same day she performed \"Someone like You\" on \"The Ellen DeGeneres Show\". The singer also performed the song at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards held at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on 28 August 2011. After being introduced by American singer Katy Perry, Adele appeared in a black scalloped lace dress by Barbara Tfank, and standing alone on the stage, only with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365700",
"score": "1.0144968",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Just Like You (Allison Iraheta album)",
"text": "it, without considering whether the artist could convey the emotion she wanted the song to convey. On November 4, Michael Slezak of Entertainment Weekly published the list of writer and producer credits, which reveals that Iraheta will cover \"Holiday\", a punk rock song written and performed by finalist Dilana. Following the tour, Iraheta began promoting \"Just Like You\", conducting interviews with Walmart.com soundcheck, KIIS-FM and Entertainment Weekly. Iraheta also hosted an eight-minute block prior to the showing of \"New Moon\" in 1,200 theaters across the U.S. Iraheta talked about the upcoming album, playing some tracks, including \"Friday I'll Be Over",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13923010",
"score": "1.0095582",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "Ashley Percival who called the video predictable and added \"It's all very pleasant, but after all this time, what's the point?\". Nicole Eggenberger of \"OK!\" wrote that Adele \"created the perfect music video to go along with her hauntingly beautiful ballad\" and further described it as \"simple yet stunning.\" Adele performed \"Someone like You\" for the first time in November 2010 on the BBC music show. Later, with Jools Holland before the release of the album. As the performance finished, there was a notable stunned silence from the audience, before bursting into applause. Adele has since described this performance as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365697",
"score": "1.0068822",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "giving everyone goosebumps. The sounds of Someone Like You bounced off every wall and tugged at every heart-string, making it a truly special moment and something that every member of the Apollo crowd will never forget.\" Jim Harrington of \"San Jose Mercury News\" chose the song as a highlight on the show adding that the song showed \"her supreme vocal talent.\" Amber Riley, Naya Rivera and Heather Morris sang a mash-up of \"Someone like You\" and Adele's other song \"Rumour Has It\" (2011) during \"Glee\"s episode \"Mash Off\" which aired on 15 November. However, the cover was posted online on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365707",
"score": "1.0029681",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "Writing for BBC Online, Ian Wade noted that the \"final track Someone Like You, just voice and piano, is an actual thing of beauty, placing the listener in one of those moments where you feel you're in the presence of a future standard.\" Bill Lamb of About.com wrote that \"the piano melody is gorgeous and combined with Adele's heartfelt reading of her words, the effect is highly emotional. You can imagine it being both honked through by talent show contestants and transcended by veterans alike.\" Lamb went to write that the song is one of the \"top songs of 2011\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365677",
"score": "0.997092",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "A Place Like This (song)",
"text": "with appearances from the duo. The aforementioned woman moves from party goer to party goer as she searches for love and eventually finds it by the end of the video, as she gives the object of her affection a time that he will never forget. Or wake up from. A Place Like This (song) \"A Place Like This\" is a song by Canadian R&B duo Majid Jordan. The song was released as the lead single and is the title track from their debut EP \"A Place Like This\". The song was released on July 7, 2014 through SoundCloud. It was",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "18806381",
"score": "0.99187446",
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},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "Track. The song was also nominated in the category for Best Song at the 2011 Music of Black Origin Awards. \"Someone like You\" won the first Grammy Award for Best Pop Solo Performance, at the 54th Grammy Awards, which were held on 12 February 2012. \"The Village Voice\"s Pazz & Jop annual critics' poll ranked \"Someone like You\" at number nine to find the best music of 2011; Adele's previous single \"Rolling in the Deep\" topped the same critics' poll. \"Someone like You\" achieved international commercial success, topping the record charts in Australia, Ireland, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365681",
"score": "0.9916575",
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},
{
"title": "A Moment Like This",
"text": "beats per minute in common time. The first two verses are in the key of E minor, and the chorus after each verse transitions to A major. The final chorus transposes to B major. Clarkson's vocals span from A to F. This song received moderately positive reviews. \"Entertainment Weekly\" editor Henry Goldblatt wrote about Clarkson's performance of the song on \"American Idol\": \"the woman whose tears during her winning rendition of \"A Moment Like This\" were so heartfelt, grown men cried along with her.\" David Browne, also of \"Entertainment Weekly\", wrote: \"A choir at the end of \"A Moment Like",
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"id": "4878119",
"score": "0.99017024",
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},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "the best, just gutting, a real achievement how she plays it cold but not sarcastic. I think in times of emotional devastation, everyone wants stand on a bridge over the Seine on a cold day, squinting into the wind, sorting it out.\" A writer of \"Rolling Stone\" wrote: \"this clip for the ballad 'Someone Like You' sticks to the singer's simple but emotionally direct approach with black-and-white footage that lingers on her subtly expressive face as she lip-synchs to the tune while walking along sad, grey city streets.\" Andrea Devaro of \"Long Island Press\" concluded, \"its simplicity beautifully portrays the",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "15365695",
"score": "0.9888377",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Faith Evans song)",
"text": "colorful skating rink with Evans' singing on a platform in the center. The music video shows actress Countess Vaughn and former child actor Marcus T. Paulk, both from the UPN sitcom \"Moesha\", in cameos. Love Like This (Faith Evans song) \"Love Like This\" is a song by American recording artist Faith Evans. It was written by Evans, Ron \"Amen-Ra\" Lawrence, Sean \"Puffy\" Combs, Clarence Emery, and Schon Crawford, for her second studio album \"Keep the Faith\" (1998), with production helmed by Lawrence and Combs. Built around a looped sample from \"Chic Cheer,\" performed by American disco group Chic and penned",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "15642607",
"score": "0.983154",
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},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natalie Bassingthwaighte song)",
"text": "personalities, including Kylie Gillies and Richard Reid, all of whom are wearing a selection of \"Wear It With Pride\" T-shirts to support the campaign. Credits adapted from the liner notes of \"1000 Stars\". Love Like This (Natalie Bassingthwaighte song) \"Love Like This\" is a song recorded by Australian singer and actress Natalie Bassingthwaighte. It was written by Paul Barry, Alex Smith and Mark Taylor. The song was released on 29 January 2010 as the fifth and final single from Bassingthwaighte's debut solo album \"1000 Stars\". Upon its release, \"Love Like This\" peaked at number 88 on the ARIA Singles Chart.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14239047",
"score": "0.9821615",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "A Place Like This (song)",
"text": "A Place Like This (song) \"A Place Like This\" is a song by Canadian R&B duo Majid Jordan. The song was released as the lead single and is the title track from their debut EP \"A Place Like This\". The song was released on July 7, 2014 through SoundCloud. It was released as the lead single from their debut EP \"A Place Like This\". The music video was released on July 7, 2014 on YouTube, it was directed by Jamie Webster of Common Good. The introspective visuals take fans through one woman's journey through a steamy, sexy party— inter cut",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18806380",
"score": "0.9813324",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)",
"text": "Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song) \"Love Like This\" is a song performed by British singer Natasha Bedingfield. It was included as the lead single of Bedingfield's second North American album, \"Pocketful of Sunshine\", and features vocals from Jamacian-American reggae singer Sean Kingston. The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder, Sam Watters, and Wayne Wilkins, while production was handled by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters under their production group, The Runawayz. Its lyrics discuss finding love with a person who has \"been there all your life and has always loved you, but you've never",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "10859427",
"score": "0.9767431",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song)",
"text": "UK CD single<br> Love Like This (Natasha Bedingfield song) \"Love Like This\" is a song performed by British singer Natasha Bedingfield. It was included as the lead single of Bedingfield's second North American album, \"Pocketful of Sunshine\", and features vocals from Jamacian-American reggae singer Sean Kingston. The song was written by Bedingfield, Kingston, Louis Biancaniello, Rico Love, Ryan Tedder, Sam Watters, and Wayne Wilkins, while production was handled by Biancaniello, Love, Tedder, and Watters under their production group, The Runawayz. Its lyrics discuss finding love with a person who has \"been there all your life and has always loved you,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10859436",
"score": "0.97362393",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Natalie Bassingthwaighte song)",
"text": "Love Like This (Natalie Bassingthwaighte song) \"Love Like This\" is a song recorded by Australian singer and actress Natalie Bassingthwaighte. It was written by Paul Barry, Alex Smith and Mark Taylor. The song was released on 29 January 2010 as the fifth and final single from Bassingthwaighte's debut solo album \"1000 Stars\". Upon its release, \"Love Like This\" peaked at number 88 on the ARIA Singles Chart. \"Love Like This\" was released to support the AIDS Council of New South Wales' campaign \"Wear It With Pride\" leading up to the 2010 Mardi Gras parade. All of the single's proceeds went",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14239045",
"score": "0.972453",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "Anderson of \"Entertainment Weekly\" highlighted the performance calling it \"one of the best performances of the show.\" Another writer of the same publication gave the performance a grade of A+ and wrote: \"It takes a real super power to make the seizure-inducing lasers stop, and that power's name is Adele. The broadcast temporarily abandoned its frantic mission of nonstop overstimulation, bowing to the 23-year-old English soulstress's soaring, nearly a cappella (well done, subtle piano man) rendition of her heart-wrecking ballad \"Someone Like You.\" In a modest black dress and with a few spare hand movements, she delivered all the shock",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365705",
"score": "0.96910536",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Love Like This (Faith Evans song)",
"text": "Love Like This (Faith Evans song) \"Love Like This\" is a song by American recording artist Faith Evans. It was written by Evans, Ron \"Amen-Ra\" Lawrence, Sean \"Puffy\" Combs, Clarence Emery, and Schon Crawford, for her second studio album \"Keep the Faith\" (1998), with production helmed by Lawrence and Combs. Built around a looped sample from \"Chic Cheer,\" performed by American disco group Chic and penned by band members Bernard Edwards and Nile Rodgers, the song initially impacted US radios on September 15, 1998 as the album's lead single. Commercially, \"Love Like This\" became one of Evans's biggest successes: it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15642605",
"score": "0.96896607",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Someone like You (Adele song)",
"text": "her talents\". Writing for the website No Ripcord, Gary McGinley said that the song \"has an aching beauty and the hallmarks of a modern standard.\" He further added that it \"sounds poised to soundtrack atmospheric TV trailers over the coming months.\" A writer of \"URB\" magazine called \"Someone like You\" \"a heart-wrencher made all the more real by reeling phrasing and bare-voiced pleading, 'I wish nothing but the best for you, too.'\" John Murphy of MusicOMH categorized \"Someone like You\" and \"Turning Tables\" as \"the two best songs on the album.\" He concluded that the song was \"desperately sad and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15365679",
"score": "0.9664612",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "In a World like This (song)",
"text": "In a World like This (song) \"In a World like This\" is a song by American pop group Backstreet Boys from their eighth studio album \"of the same name\". It was released as the album's lead single on June 25, 2013 as a digital download and July 3, 2013 on CD in Japan. The song was written by Kristian Lundin, Max Martin, Savan Kotecha, and it was produced by Martin and Lundin. This song was featured on the 2013 compilation album \"Hitzone 67\". In April 2013, Nick Carter revealed that the group had recorded a song with Swedish producer Max",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17325577",
"score": "0.9658803",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Something Just like This",
"long_answer": "In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In September 2016, the Chainsmokers shared two short clips of an upcoming song featuring vocals from Chris Martin. On February 22, 2017, Spotify prematurely posted a banner ad at the top of the site's home page with a Listen Now button. The song was also used during Miss USA 2017 swimsuit competition.",
"short_answers": [
"Chris Martin"
]
}
|
created propaganda to support the war effort & encourage the sale of war bonds
|
[
"the government"
] |
[
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "bonds so as to keep the program voluntary. The War Advertising Board did its best to convince people that buying bonds was a patriotic act, giving buyers a stake in the war. Advertisements were initially used on radio and in newspapers, but later magazines were also used, with both government and private companies producing the advertisements. The Writers' War Board was founded for the purpose of writing copy for war bond ads. War bond rallies and drives were common, and were staged at many social events. Teachers passed out booklets to children to allow them to save toward a bond",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668301",
"score": "1.2059124",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "by purchasing war bond stamps. Marlene Dietrich and many other female movie stars sold many thousands of dollars worth of war bonds. The Little Orphan Annie radio show urged its young listeners to sell war stamps and war bonds. Even product ads often contained the slogan, \"Buy War Bonds and Stamps!\". Enrolling in payroll deduction plans to buy war bonds was also urged through the media. One hundred and thirty-five billion dollars worth of liberty bonds were sold, most of which were purchased by banks, insurance companies and corporations. However, individuals purchased $36 billion in bonds, with children accounting for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668302",
"score": "1.1884482",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "War bond",
"text": "Fairbanks and Charlie Chaplin were among the celebrities who made public appearances promoting the patriotic element of purchasing Liberty Bonds. Chaplin also made a short film, \"The Bond\", at his own expense for the drive. Even the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts sold bonds under the slogan \"Every Scout to Save a Soldier\". The campaign spurred community efforts across the country to sell the bonds and was a great success resulting in over-subscriptions to the second, third and fourth bond issues. According to the Massachusetts Historical Society, \"Because the first World War cost the federal government more than $ (by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2410900",
"score": "1.1566055",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "War bond",
"text": "Norman Rockwell's painting series, the \"Four Freedoms\", toured in a war bond effort that raised $. Bond rallies were held throughout the country with famous celebrities, usually Hollywood film stars, to enhance the bond advertising effectiveness. Many motion pictures during the time, especially war dramas (a form of propaganda itself), included a graphic shown during the closing credits advising patrons to \"Buy War Bonds and Stamps\", which were sometimes sold in the lobby of the theater. The Music Publishers Protective Association encouraged its members to include patriotic messages on the front of their sheet music like \"Buy U.S. Bonds and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2410913",
"score": "1.1538317",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "created the Committee on Public Information which was made up by the Secretaries of State, the Army, and the Navy. The committee would report directly to President Wilson and was essentially a massive generator of propaganda. The Committee on Public Information was responsible for producing films, commissioning posters, publishing numerous books and pamphlets, purchasing advertisements in major newspapers, and recruiting businessmen, preachers and professors to serve as public speakers in charge of altering public opinion at the communal level. The committee, headed by former investigative journalist George Creel, emphasized the message that America's involvement in the war was entirely necessary",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556123",
"score": "1.1531522",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "War savings stamps of the United States",
"text": "Treasury Department’s primary message revolved around patriotism. With support from the advertising industry, which donated $250 million worth of advertising during the first three years of the campaign, war bonds and stamps permeated everyday life. Advertisements appeared as posters on trolley cars, songs on the radio, and movies featuring Hollywood stars like Frank Sinatra and Bob Hope. Utilizing the concept of market segmentation, numerous campaigns were developed to target different populations such as women, immigrants, and children. The Treasury developed classroom material that highlighted the positive impact of war savings stamps while enforcing math skills. During World War II, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6303204",
"score": "1.1310458",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Mary Pickford",
"text": "World War I, she promoted the sale of Liberty Bonds, making an intensive series of fund-raising speeches that kicked off in Washington, D.C., where she sold bonds alongside Charlie Chaplin, Douglas Fairbanks, Theda Bara, and Marie Dressler. Five days later she spoke on Wall Street to an estimated 50,000 people. Though Canadian-born, she was a powerful symbol of Americana, kissing the American flag for cameras and auctioning one of her world-famous curls for $15,000. In a single speech in Chicago she sold an estimated five million dollars' worth of bonds. She was christened the U.S. Navy's official \"Little Sister\"; the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "246707",
"score": "1.1275191",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "United States in World War I",
"text": "launched a massive campaign to teach Americans to economize on their food budgets and grow victory gardens in their backyards, where crops were produced for US soldiers. It managed the nation's food distribution and prices. Crucial to US participation was the sweeping domestic propaganda campaign executed by the Committee on Public Information, overseen by George Creel. The campaign consisted of tens of thousands of government-selected community leaders giving brief carefully scripted pro-war speeches at thousands of public gatherings. Along with other branches of government and private vigilante groups like the American Protective League, it also included the general repression and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14138929",
"score": "1.1155097",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "War bond",
"text": "war bonds. By the end of the war, German war bonds accounted for 70% of investments held by Czechoslovakian banks. In the United Kingdom, the National Savings Movement was instrumental in raising funds for the war effort during both world wars. During World War II a \"War Savings Campaign\" was set up by the War Office to support the war effort. \"Local savings weeks\" were held which were promoted with posters with titles such as \"Lend to Defend the Right to be Free\", \"Save your way to Victory\" and \"War Savings are Warships\". By the summer of 1940, the victories",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2410908",
"score": "1.1152464",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "At first, the government was reluctant to engage in propaganda campaigns, but pressure from the media, the business sector and advertisers who wanted direction persuaded the government to take an active role. Even so, the government insisted that its actions were not propaganda, but a means of providing information. These efforts were slowly and haphazardly formed into a more unified propaganda effort, although never to the level of World War I.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "for carrying the full message of American ideals to every corner of the civilized globe. Creel and his committee utilized every possible mode to get their message across, including; printed word, spoken word, the motion picture, the telegraph, the poster and the sign board. All forms of communication were put to use in order to justify the causes that compelled America to take arms. Creel set out to systematically reach every person in the United States multiple times with patriotic information about how the individual could contribute to the war effort. The CPI also worked with the post office to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556125",
"score": "1.1061298",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "History of public relations",
"text": "diamond is forever\" in 1947 and was influential in how diamonds were marketed thereafter. After World War I the first signs of public relations as a profession began in France and became more established through the Marshall Plan. The first organized, large-scale propaganda campaigns were during World War I. Germany created the German Information Bureau to create pamphlets, books and other communications that were intended to support the justness of their cause, to encourage voluntary recruitment, to demonize the enemy and persuade America to remain neutral in the conflict. In response to learning about Germany's propaganda, the British created a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11344106",
"score": "1.0994554",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Series E bond",
"text": "In total, the overall campaign raised $185.7 billion from 85 million Americans, more than in any other country during the war. Li'l Abner creator Al Capp created \"Small Fry\", a weekly newspaper comic strip whose purpose was to sell Series E bonds in support of the Treasury. Of the $185.7 billion raised during the continual campaign, a total of $156.4 billion was raised during the eight specific drives, despite an average duration of only one month each, as follows: Although Series E bonds are usually associated with the war bond drives of World War II, they continued to be sold",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9449223",
"score": "1.0989363",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "his 75,000 volunteers delivered over 7.5 million four minute orations to over 300 million listeners, in a nation of 103 million people. The speakers attended training sessions through local universities, and were given pamphlets and speaking tips on a wide variety of topics, such as buying Liberty Bonds, registering for the draft, rationing food, recruiting unskilled workers for munitions jobs, and supporting Red Cross programs. Historians were assigned to write pamphlets and in-depth histories of the causes of the European war. Atrocity propaganda was a form of advertising used during World War I which focused on and embellished the most",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556127",
"score": "1.0979255",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "American propaganda during World War II During active American involvement in World War II (1941–45), propaganda was used to increase support for the war and commitment to an Allied victory. Using a vast array of media, propagandists instigated hatred for the enemy and support for America's allies, urged greater public effort for war production and victory gardens, persuaded people to save some of their material so that more material could be used for the war effort, and sold war bonds. Patriotism became the central theme of advertising throughout the war, as large scale campaigns were launched to sell war bonds,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668230",
"score": "1.0933707",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Four Minute Men",
"text": "This is an instance of \"viral marketing\" before its time. On April, 6th 1917 the US Congress declared war on Germany. President Wilson was determined to rouse the public. Wilson established the first modern propaganda office, the Committee on Public Information (CPI), headed by George Creel. Creel set out to systematically reach every person in the United States multiple times with patriotic information about how the individual could contribute to the war effort. It also worked with the post office to censor seditious counter-propaganda. Creel set up divisions in his new agency to produce and distribute innumerable copies of pamphlets,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9093988",
"score": "1.0912206",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Writers' War Board",
"text": "of truth\" whereby they would disseminate information but not try to influence the public directly through propaganda. However, seeing the value and need of propaganda, ways were found to circumvent official policy. The Writers' War Board began its work December 9, 1941, two days after Pearl Harbor, with a speech by author Rex Stout. The civilian organization was formed at the request of John Street, head of the writing staff for the U.S. Treasury Department. Street spoke with playwright Howard Lindsay about organizing a group of prominent writers to promote the sale of war bonds. Lindsay spoke with his writing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14556903",
"score": "1.0898643",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Liberty bond",
"text": "person who purchased a Liberty Bond would be taken for a ride in one of the airplanes. The program was successful in raising a substantial amount of money which was used to pay for the war effort. The methodology developed and practiced by the Army was later followed by numerous entrepreneurial flyers known as Barnstormers, who purchased war surplus Jenny airplanes and flew across the country selling airplane rides. Vast amounts of promotional materials were manufactured. For example, for the third Liberty Loan nine million posters, five million window stickers and 10 million buttons were produced and distributed. The campaign",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3793520",
"score": "1.0868613",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "censor seditious counter-propaganda. Creel set up divisions in his new agency to produce and distribute innumerable copies of pamphlets, newspaper releases, magazine advertisements, films, school campaigns, and the speeches of the Four Minute Men. The CPI created colorful posters that appeared in every store window, catching the attention of the passersby for a few seconds. Movie theaters were widely attended, and the CPI trained thousands of volunteer speakers to make patriotic appeals during the four-minute breaks needed to change reels. They also spoke at churches, lodges, fraternal organizations, labor unions, and even logging camps. Creel boasted that in 18 months",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556126",
"score": "1.084264",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "in achieving the salvation of Europe from the German and enemy forces. In his book titled \"How we Advertised America\", Creel states that the committee was called into existence to make World War I a fight that would be a \"verdict for mankind.\" He called the committee a voice that was created to plead the justice of America's cause before the jury of public opinion. Creel also refers to the committee as a \"vast enterprise in salesmenship\" and \"the world's greatest adventure in advertising.\" The committee's message resonated deep within every American community and also served as an organization responsible",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556124",
"score": "1.0806062",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "films simply reflected the war culture and were pure entertainment. Others carried strong messages meant to arouse public involvement or set a public mood. Cartoons such as \"Bugs Bunny Bond Rally\" and \"Foney Fables\" pushed viewers to buy war bonds, while \"Scrap Happy Daffy\" encouraged the donation of scrap metal, and Disney's \"The Spirit of '43\" implored viewers to pay their taxes. The U.S. and Canadian governments also used animation for training and instructional purposes. The most elaborate training film produced, \"Stop That Tank!\", was commissioned by the Canadian Directorate of Military Training and created by Walt Disney Studios. Troops",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668258",
"score": "1.0777235",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "World War I film propaganda",
"text": "became increasingly popular and a part of the standard war propaganda policy with the DOI and its successor, the Ministry of Information. The U.S. developed its own propaganda organization, the Committee on Public Information (CPI), days after the declaration of war. Originally wary of film as a propaganda medium, it created the Division of Films on 25 September 1917 to handle films taken by army Signal Corps cameramen. It did not release commercial films. Urban’s Kineto Company of America edited, processed, and printed the CPI’s films, including \"Pershing’s Crusaders\", \"America’s Answer\", and \"Under Four Flags\". Similar to Britain, American interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16088594",
"score": "1.077235",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "War savings stamps of the United States",
"text": "posters were produced to promote war savings stamps, often invoking a sense of patriotic duty to purchase them to support war efforts. President Woodrow Wilson called upon “every man, woman and child” to save for the war and designated June 28, 1918 as National War Savings Day. Governors, mayors, and other political leaders led by example by purchasing war savings stamps and encouraged their constituents to do the same. The Four Minute Men organization, authorized by President Wilson, also developed a series of speech outlines related to war savings stamps for its volunteers to deliver. Support for war savings stamps",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6303200",
"score": "1.0731038",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "World War II and American animation",
"text": "Morgenthau of the U.S. Treasury Department on Monday, December 15, 1941. It was during such World War II films that Bugs achieved his popularity and made him a national mascot. Other films that encouraged buying war bonds included \"Foney Fables\", \"Donald’s Decision\", \"The Thrifty Pig\", \"7 Wise Dwarfs\" and \"All Together\". In these short films, either subtly or directly, the characters are portrayed doing their part by spending less and using their savings to buy war savings certificates and investing in victory. Donating scrap metal was another means by which Americans could help support the war effort. \"Scrap Happy Daffy\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16088970",
"score": "1.0705335",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Hollywood Victory Committee",
"text": "promoted the Sale of War Bonds. This would become the USA's largest war bond tour of the Second World War. Film stars Bob Hope and Bing Crosby would keep the memory alive in the their 1945 movie about a young woman's attempt to travel to Washington DC to visit her brother who was a soldier. They played themselves in this musical comedy that was produced by Paramount Studios for the U.S. Treasury in 1945. It preserves one of the most successful projects of the Hollywood Victory Committee. Shain, Russell Earl. \"An Analysis of Motion Pictures About War Released by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3705593",
"score": "1.0684752",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Orson Welles",
"text": "the war and encouraged Americans to buy $16 billion in bonds to finance the Normandy landings and the most violent phase of World War II. Welles produced additional war loan drive broadcasts on June 14 from the Hollywood Bowl, and June 16 from Soldier Field, Chicago. Americans purchased $20.6 billion in War Bonds during the Fifth War Loan Drive, which ended on July 8, 1944. Welles campaigned ardently for Roosevelt in 1944. A longtime supporter and campaign speaker for FDR, he occasionally sent the president ideas and phrases that were sometimes incorporated into what Welles characterized as \"less important speeches\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "297552",
"score": "1.0657616",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Shirley Dinsdale",
"text": "her promotion of war bonds. During the war, she was student chairman for Southern California Schools at War. Dinsdale made her start in radio in 1941 with \"Judy in Wonderland\" on KGO in San Francisco. The program later moved to KPO in San Francisco. In 1942, she and her family moved to Los Angeles and she was given a spot on Eddie Cantor's program. She was called \"radio's most refreshing discovery in years.\" A successful season on Nelson Eddy's \"Electric Hour\" program on CBS in 1945 led to a tour lasting almost 11 months, during which she visited patients in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3703353",
"score": "1.0643301",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in the United States",
"text": "cannons, steel, etc.), the U.S. government produced posters that encouraged people to reduce waste and grow their own vegetables in \"victory gardens\". The public skepticism that was generated by the heavy-handed tactics of the Committee on Public Information would lead the postwar government to officially abandon the use of propaganda. During World War II, the United States officially had no propaganda, but the Roosevelt government used means to circumvent this official line. One such propaganda tool was the publicly owned but government-funded Writers' War Board (WWB). The activities of the WWB were so extensive that it has been called the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7449196",
"score": "1.0620482",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"text": "to plant these gardens. During the war years, Americans planted 50 million victory gardens. These produced more vegetables than the total commercial production, and much of it was preserved, following the slogan: \"Eat what you can, and can what you can't.\" The slogan \"grow your own, can your own\" also encouraged victory gardens to be planted. During the war, the sale of War Bonds was extensively promoted. Originally termed \"Defense Bonds\", they were called \"war bonds\" after the attack on Pearl Harbor. Much of the nation's artistic talent and best advertising techniques were used to encourage people to buy the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668300",
"score": "1.0615063",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Propaganda in World War I",
"text": "in 1917 as an associated power on the allied side of Britain and France. By the time that World War I came around, the United States was a leader in the art of movie making and the new profession of commercial advertising. Such newly discovered technologies played an instrumental role in the shaping of the American mind and the altering of public opinion into a pro-war position. Perhaps the most influential man behind propaganda in the United States during World War I was President Woodrow Wilson. In one of Wilson's most famous declarations, he outlined the \"Fourteen Points\" which he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18556121",
"score": "1.0607024",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
}
] |
{
"title": "American propaganda during World War II",
"long_answer": "At first, the government was reluctant to engage in propaganda campaigns, but pressure from the media, the business sector and advertisers who wanted direction persuaded the government to take an active role. Even so, the government insisted that its actions were not propaganda, but a means of providing information. These efforts were slowly and haphazardly formed into a more unified propaganda effort, although never to the level of World War I.",
"chunked_long_answer": "At first, the government was reluctant to engage in propaganda campaigns, but pressure from the media, the business sector and advertisers who wanted direction persuaded the government to take an active role. Even so, the government insisted that its actions were not propaganda, but a means of providing information. These efforts were slowly and haphazardly formed into a more unified propaganda effort, although never to the level of World War I.",
"short_answers": [
"the government"
]
}
|
who wrote the song fly me to the moon
|
[
"Bart Howard"
] |
[
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "Fly Me to the Moon (film) Fly Me to the Moon is a 2008 Belgian-American computer-animated 3D science fiction comedy film directed by Ben Stassen and written by Domonic Paris. It was released in digital 3D in Belgium on 30 January 2008 and in the US and Canada on 15 August 2008. The film was also released in IMAX 3D in the US and Canada starting 8 August 2008. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was and produced by nWave Pictures in association with Illuminata Pictures, and distributed by Summit Entertainment and Vivendi Visual Entertainment in the United States. The narrator",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213742",
"score": "1.1834215",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Joe Harnell",
"text": "recovered, Kapp Records asked him to work on writing potential hits in the then-hot genre of bossa nova. Harnell's biggest success was with his arrangement of \"Fly Me to the Moon\", which was a hit in the US in 1963 (number 14 Pop, number 4 AC) and which won a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. The song also peaked at number 6 in Harnell's hometown, on WMCA in New York, on January 16, 1963. The album from which it was taken went to number 3 on the \"Billboard\" 200. Harnell would go on to release nearly 20 easy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11318676",
"score": "1.1817622",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"text": "\"Neon Genesis Evangelion\" uses it for the closing music for each episode. Frank Sinatra's 1964 recording of \"Fly Me to the Moon\" became closely associated with NASA's Apollo space program. A copy of the song was played on the Apollo 10 mission which orbited the Moon. It became the first music heard on the Moon when played on a portable cassette player by Apollo 11 astronaut Buzz Aldrin after he stepped onto the Moon. The song’s association with Apollo 11 was reprised many years later when Diana Krall sang it at the mission's 40th anniversary commemoration ceremony. She also sang",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2893517",
"score": "1.1472948",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "not very young children.\" Fly Me to the Moon (film) Fly Me to the Moon is a 2008 Belgian-American computer-animated 3D science fiction comedy film directed by Ben Stassen and written by Domonic Paris. It was released in digital 3D in Belgium on 30 January 2008 and in the US and Canada on 15 August 2008. The film was also released in IMAX 3D in the US and Canada starting 8 August 2008. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was and produced by nWave Pictures in association with Illuminata Pictures, and distributed by Summit Entertainment and Vivendi Visual Entertainment in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213755",
"score": "1.1470864",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Konstantin Feoktistov",
"text": "Hollywood – they were protected by special agents of the US State Department on request of NASA. Almost every place they went when accompanied by Eugene Cernan, if a band was present the song \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was played – when they visited Disneyland they enjoyed the ride Trip To The Moon, then joked with the US astronauts that they went to Disneyland and not the moon. It was a trip that all enjoyed and international friendships were made. Feoktistov resigned from his engineering position with Energia and then returned to Bauman Moscow Higher Technical School as a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1601578",
"score": "1.1354799",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album)",
"text": "to the Moon\" exclusively via the Daily Mail. One of the tracks on the album, \"Little Miss Notting Hill\", was written by fellow swing band The Overtones, alongside producer Southwood. The release of the album will be accompanied by a 16-date tour in 2016, entitled the \"Come Swing with Me\" tour. The tour will incorporate both arenas and theatres, and includes a flagship show at the 02 Arena in London on 20 March 2016. Come Fly with Me (Peter Andre album) Come Fly With Me is the tenth studio album released by British-Australian singer Peter Andre. The album was released",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19093154",
"score": "1.1315174",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Angelina Jordan",
"text": "show \"The View\". She has also performed in TV2 programs like \"Allsång på Skansen\" (\"Singing at the Border\") and on TV4 in Sweden. She appears in a small guest role in the last episode of the 2014 season of the Netflix series \"Lilyhammer\", playing a girl who sings in a bar. In April 2016, she performed \"Fly Me to the Moon\" on the American television's children's talent show \"Little Big Shots\". In December 2016, she performed on \"Alan Walker is Heading Home\" live concert in Bergen (Norway), where she sang both restrung versions of Sing me to Sleep and Faded.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18060319",
"score": "1.1275756",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"text": "and the Bossa Nova Pops\" released in early 1963, which reached No. 3 stereo album on the \"Billboard\" Top LP's chart. Versions of the song were released by many other 1960s instrumental artists, including Roy Haynes, Al Hirt and Oscar Peterson. Frank Sinatra included the song on his 1964 album \"It Might as Well Be Swing\", accompanied by Count Basie. The music for this album was arranged by Quincy Jones, who had worked with Count Basie a year earlier on the album \"This Time by Basie\", which also included a version of \"Fly Me to the Moon\". Will Friedwald commented",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2893515",
"score": "1.1104398",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Moon River",
"text": "have covered the song include Rod Stewart in \"Fly Me to the Moon... The Great American Songbook Volume V\" (2010), which charted at No. 4 on the Billboard 200, and Barbra Streisand in \"The Movie Album\" (2003), a Grammy-nominated gold album. Diffuser.fm named these the \"Top 5 Alt-Rock\" versions of the song: The Killers, Glasvegas, R.E.M., Morrissey and Josh Ritter. Moon River \"Moon River\" is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer. It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie \"Breakfast at Tiffany's\", winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song. The song",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2827315",
"score": "1.1092622",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"text": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song (as covered by various artists) at the end of every episode.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"text": "1962, Joe Harnell arranged and recorded an instrumental version in a bossa nova style. It was released as a single in late 1962. Harnell's version spent 13 weeks on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, reaching No. 14 on February 23, 1963, while reaching No. 4 on \"Billboard\"s Middle-Road Singles chart. Harnell's version was ranked No. 89 on \"Billboard\"s end of year ranking \"Top Records of 1963\". Harnell's recording won him a Grammy Award at the 5th Annual Grammy Awards for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing. Harnell's version was included on his album \"Fly Me to the Moon",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2893514",
"score": "1.10091",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"text": "me to the moon,\" but Howard refused. Many years later Howard commented that \"... it took me 20 years to find out how to write a song in 20 minutes.\" He used his position as a piano accompanist and presenter at the Blue Angel cabaret venue to promote the song, and it was soon introduced in cabaret performances by Felicia Sanders. Kaye Ballard made the song's first commercial recording, and Decca released it in April 1954. A brief review published on 8 May 1954 in \"Billboard\" said that \"In Other Words\" was \"...a love song sung with feeling by Miss",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2893511",
"score": "1.0891528",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "8 years later, in 1969, an 11-year-old fly named Nat and his two best friends, I.Q. and Scooter, build a \"fly-sized\" rocket in a field across from Cape Canaveral, Florida, where Apollo 11 sits on the Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39. From his earliest memory, Nat remembers his grandfather, Amos, telling him of his daring rescue of Amelia Earhart when she crossed the Atlantic Ocean on her historic flight in 1932. Wanting to be an adventurer like his grandpa, Nat, defying the notion that \"Dreamers get swatted\", tells his friends his plan to get aboard Apollo 11 and go",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213744",
"score": "1.0847503",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "there appear to be \"contaminants\" on board. In the Soviet Union, there are other flies watching TV – Soviet flies who cannot tolerate the idea that American flies might get to the moon first. A Soviet plan is hatched and special operatives are enlisted to interfere with the American mission. The Soviet Union puts all its hopes of success on the back of one nasty operative named Yegor. Fortunately, a pretty Soviet fly named Nadia also sees the flies on board and hears Scooter calling out Grandpa's real name, the very name of the fly Nadia met in Paris and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213746",
"score": "1.0743244",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Valentinos",
"text": "single, \"I'm in Love\", to the top 40 on the pop and soul charts. Several of Womack's other songs including \"I'm a Midnight Mover\" would also be recorded by Pickett. Following this success, Minit Records signed Bobby and released the album \"Fly Me to the Moon\", which featured the singer's first charted hit, a cover of the Mamas & the Papas' \"California Dreaming\". Once again being able to have a career after years of struggle following his marriage to Barbara Cooke, Womack would continue his session work, working with musicians such as Gábor Szabó, with whom he would write \"Breezin'\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12949117",
"score": "1.0721345",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Diana Krall",
"text": "album \"Love Is the Answer\", released on September 29, 2009. In 2011, Krall went on a private retreat to Sri Lanka. In September 2012, she accompanied Paul McCartney at Capitol Studios in a live performance of his album \"Kisses on the Bottom\", which was shown live on the internet. On September 13, 2012, Krall performed \"Fly Me to the Moon\" at astronaut Neil Armstrong's memorial service in Washington, D.C. \"Glad Rag Doll\" was released on October 2, 2012. \"Wallflower\" is her 12th studio album, released on February 3, 2015 by Verve Records. The album was produced by David Foster. Among",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2495574",
"score": "1.0677881",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "to the moon. They, with some reluctance, are in. The next morning, the three flies make it in to Mission Control. In their homemade space suits, Nat, I.Q. and Scooter manage to stow away inside the space helmets of astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins. Back on Earth, Grandpa, Mom and the others watch TV to get news of their offspring's adventure. As the astronauts appear on camera, the heroic flies wave in the background, visible to other flies but barely seen by humans – except for the attentive NASA flight controller Steve Bales, who informs Armstrong that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213745",
"score": "1.0676332",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Bayonetta",
"text": "same day, spanning 5 Volumes in total. The North American release of the soundtrack does not include any version of \"Fly Me To The Moon\". Helena Noguerra provided the main vocals for the theme of Bayonetta. An anime film based on the game, titled , was directed by Fuminori Kizaki and produced by Gonzo, with screenplay by Mitsutaka Hirota and character design by Ai Yokoyama. The film was announced at Tokyo Game Show 2013 and released in ten Japanese theaters for two weeks from November 23, 2013. It was then released on Blu-ray Disc and DVD in Japan on January",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11964945",
"score": "1.0645835",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Jeff LeBlanc",
"text": "September 2015, Jeff performed a special \"Coffee House Live\" on SiriusXM's Coffee House. His song \"Lost Tonight\" and his cover of \"Fly Me To The Moon\" are now in rotation on the channel. Jeff LeBlanc Jeff LeBlanc (born February 9, 1986) is an independent American singer and songwriter. He was born and raised in Center Moriches, New York, before attending Sacred Heart University in Fairfield, Connecticut, where he studied history, music history and education. Jeff began performing sometime in 2004, getting his start as a street busker in Westhampton, NY during the summer months outside of the Beach Bakery Cafe.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14606355",
"score": "1.0586016",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Astrud Gilberto",
"text": "features singer Michael Franks. Gilberto received the Latin Jazz USA Award for Lifetime Achievement in 1992, and was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame in 2002. In 1996, she contributed to the AIDS benefit album \"Red Hot + Rio\" produced by the Red Hot Organization, performing the song \"Desafinado\" (Portuguese for \"slightly out of tune\", or \"off key\") along with George Michael. Although she did not officially retire, Gilberto announced in 2002 that she was taking \"indefinite time off\" from public performances. Her original recording of \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was edited as a duet using",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12534714",
"score": "1.0569667",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "rapidly swirls around the listener). The album's credits include Clare Torry, a session singer and songwriter, and a regular at Abbey Road. She had worked on pop material and numerous cover albums, and after hearing one of those albums Parsons invited her to the studio to sing on Wright's composition \"The Great Gig in the Sky\". She declined this invitation as she wanted to watch Chuck Berry perform at the Hammersmith Odeon, but arranged to come in on the following Sunday. The band explained the concept behind the album, but were unable to tell her exactly what she should do.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530167",
"score": "1.0560097",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Please Return the Evening",
"text": "exclusive music video for the Daddies' cover of \"Come Fly with Me\", depicting Steve Perry singing the song against various backdrops shot on location in The Bahamas. In a September 2 interview with \"The Huffington Post\", Perry debuted a second video for \"Fly Me to the Moon\", depicting the band as well as Perry's wife and daughter as members of The Addams Family, shot at the historic Shelton McMurphey Johnson House in Eugene, Oregon. Perry elaborated on the stylistic choice for the video, noting \"we really liked the idea of the passionate Gomez and Morticia relationship. Even though the Addams'",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17785667",
"score": "1.0556269",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Georgy Beregovoy",
"text": "California - they were joined on the trip by US astronauts as hosts, to include Eugene Cernan, Neil Armstrong and others. Kirk Douglas and others hosted receptions for them in Hollywood - they were protected by Special Agents of the US State Department on request of NASA. Almost every place they went when accompanied by Eugene Cernan, if a band was present the song \"Fly Me To The moon\" was played - when they visited Disney Park they enjoyed the ride Trip To The Moon, then joked with the US Astronauts that they went to Disneyland and not the moon.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1608349",
"score": "1.0503535",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Apollo 11 in popular culture",
"text": "mothership passing low over the Apollo 11 landing site. The tidal forces of its passing erases the famous bootprint left on the soft lunar surface. The 2008 computer animated film \"Fly Me to the Moon\" is centered on a fictional story of three flies that stow away on the Saturn V rocket and manage to land on the moon. Footage of the landing was famously used to introduce viewers to MTV, serving as its top and bottom of the hour ident during the cable channel's early years. MTV producers Alan Goodman and Fred Seibert used this public domain footage as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8346942",
"score": "1.0462011",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Latin for Lovers",
"text": "Latin for Lovers Latin for Lovers was a Doris Day album, mostly composed of songs originating in Latin America, released by Columbia Records on March 22, 1965 as a monophonic LP (catalog number CL-2310) and a stereophonic album (catalog number CS-9110). Although \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was not of Latin-American origin, it was an early song adapted to the bossa nova dance then becoming popular, and so associated at the time with Latin America. A Columbia 45 r.p.m. single. #4-43278, was released to coincide with the album. It featured \"How Insensitive\" as the a-side and \"Meditation\" as the b-side.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8499662",
"score": "1.0458176",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "OMG HGB DVD ROTFL",
"text": "fathers joined the band onstage for \"Fly Me to the Moon\". Lastly, the DVD features approximately twenty minutes of road stories and touring antics, shot during their West Coast tour with Houston Calls, JamisonParker and The Rocket Summer. Besides containing another acoustic rendition of \"Homewrecker\", the segment also gives insight on Hellogoodbye's backstage routines, such as blowing up inflatable pool toys and waging Super Soaker wars on Houston Calls. In addition, the tour is documented by a photo slideshow. OMG HGB DVD ROTFL OMG HGB DVD ROTFL is a DVD by American rock band Hellogoodbye. It contains two hours of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6630097",
"score": "1.044449",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "loved so many years ago. Back on board the space ship, as the burn cycle to enter the moon's trans-lunar injection orbit begins, the spacecraft is violently rocked. There's a short circuit in the service module that must be fixed manually or the ship won't be able to complete its mission. Nat and I.Q. fly through a maze of wires, find the problem and repair it just in time. Unaware of the flies' aid, the ship enters orbit and all is well... or so they think. Just as they congratulate each other, the little flies are sprayed with a numbing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213747",
"score": "1.0443354",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Great American Songbook",
"text": "song's original stage or movie context. Whether or not it is sung often depends on what the song is and who is singing it — for example, Frank Sinatra never recorded \"Fly Me to the Moon\" with the introductory sectional verse, but Nat King Cole did — and a few of the songs written with such an introduction are nearly always performed in full with the introduction. The song itself is usually a 32-bar AABA or ABAC form, and the lyrics usually refer to more universal and timeless situations and themes – typically, for instance, the vicissitudes of love. This",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5230350",
"score": "1.0438081",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon (film)",
"text": "of the film omits the subplot about the attempt by Russian flies to sabotage the mission. The 13-minute \"Ride\" version is featured at Six Flags Great Adventure in New Jersey and Six Flags Over Texas in Texas. \"Fly Me to the Moon\" was distributed in the U.S. by Summit Entertainment and in the U.K. by Momentum Pictures. As IMAX 3-D films are usually less or around an hour, some scenes were cut and censored from the IMAX version. The IMAX version starts with the opening scene which shows the first monkey being launched to space. It then cuts to Nat",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10213752",
"score": "1.0427321",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Nnenna Freelon",
"text": "Frank Sinatra's classic \"Fly Me to the Moon\" for \"The Visit\" movie, starring Billy Dee Williams. She also had a cameo as a nightclub singer in the 2000 Mel Gibson romantic comedy \"What Women Want\", performing her trademark song \"If I Had You\". In addition, she has been nominated twice for the \"Lady of Soul\" Soul Train Award. On February 21, 2001, Nnenna Freelon earned a standing ovation for her live performance at the 43rd Annual Grammy Awards telecast in Los Angeles, performing \"Straighten Up and Fly Right\". Source: Ed Keane Associates. Nnenna Freelon Nnenna Freelon, (born July 28, 1954)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6117780",
"score": "1.0421832",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
}
] |
{
"title": "Fly Me to the Moon",
"long_answer": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song (as covered by various artists) at the end of every episode.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Fly Me to the Moon\", originally titled \"In Other Words\", is a song written in 1954 by Bart Howard. Kaye Ballard made the first recording of the song in 1954. Since then it has become a frequently recorded jazz standard often featured in popular culture; Frank Sinatra's 1964 version was closely associated with the Apollo missions to the Moon, and the Japanese animated series Neon Genesis Evangelion played the song (as covered by various artists) at the end of every episode.",
"short_answers": [
"Bart Howard"
]
}
|
who discovered one of the first taxonomic classification schemes
|
[
"Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus"
] |
[
{
"title": "Antonio José Cavanilles",
"text": "Antonio José Cavanilles Antonio José Cavanilles (16 January 1745 – 5 May 1804) was a leading Spanish taxonomic botanist of the 18th century. He named many plants, particularly from Oceania. He named at least 100 genera, about 54 of which were still used in 2004, including \"Dahlia\", \"Calycera\", \"Cobaea\", \"Galphimia\", and \"Oleandra\". Cavanilles was born in Valencia. He lived in Paris from 1777 to 1781, where he followed careers as a clergyman and a botanist, thanks to André Thouin and Antoine Laurent de Jussieu. He was one of the first Spanish scientists to use the classification method invented by Carl",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4620646",
"score": "1.0638708",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "History of botany",
"text": "(João de Loureiro (1717–1791)); West Africa (Michel Adanson (1727–1806)) who devised his own classification scheme and forwarded a crude theory of the mutability of species; Canada, Hebrides, Iceland, New Zealand by Captain James Cook's chief botanist Joseph Banks (1743–1820). By the middle of the 18th century the botanical booty resulting from the era of exploration was accumulating in gardens and herbaria – and it needed to be systematically catalogued. This was the task of the taxonomists, the plant classifiers. Plant classifications have changed over time from \"artificial\" systems based on general habit and form, to pre-evolutionary \"natural\" systems expressing similarity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13973515",
"score": "1.0450317",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"text": "in technology was the Italian physician Andrea Cesalpino (1519–1603), who has been called \"the first taxonomist\". His magnum opus \"De Plantis\" came out in 1583, and described more than 1500 plant species. Two large plant families that he first recognized are still in use today: the Asteraceae and Brassicaceae. Then in the 17th century John Ray (England, 1627–1705) wrote many important taxonomic works. Arguably his greatest accomplishment was \"Methodus Plantarum Nova\" (1682), in which he published details of over 18,000 plant species. At the time, his classifications were perhaps the most complex yet produced by any taxonomist, as he based",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "412665",
"score": "1.0439942",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "John Isaac Briquet",
"text": "to Corsica, Dalmatia, the Maritime Alps (France and Italy), Montenegro, et al. Besides his floristic work, he had a particular interest in the genus \"Galeopsis\", and family Lamiaceae (Labiatae). He is especially remembered for his contributions to the \"Rules of Nomenclature\", the precursors of the modern International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, with which he took a leading role from 1900, at a time when four sets of rules were competing for acceptance:... for more than 30 years [he] was to take de Candolle's place as the leader in nomenclatural matters and ... by his clear-headedness, good",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12115185",
"score": "1.0386114",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen",
"text": "as the result of a fall down a flight of stairs. He is the taxonomic authority of the bryophyte families Polytrichaceae and Funariaceae. The genus \"Schwaegrichenia\" is named in his honor. Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen Christian Friedrich Schwägrichen (16 September 1775, Leipzig – 2 May 1853, Leipzig) was a German botanist specializing in the field of bryology. In 1799 he obtained his medical doctorate from the University of Leipzig, where he was later an associate professor of natural history (1803–1815) and afterwards a full professor on the same subject (1815–1852). Concurrently, he served as an associate professor of botany (1807–1852) at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17556447",
"score": "1.0284427",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Gaspard Bauhin",
"text": "classifying them. The classification system was not particularly innovative, using traditional groups such as \"trees\", \"shrubs\", and \"herbs\", and using other characteristics such as utilization, for instance grouping spices into the \"Aromata\". He did correctly group grasses, legumes, and several others. His most important contribution is in the description of genera and species. He introduced many names of genera that were later adopted by Linnaeus, and remain in use. For species he carefully pruned the descriptions down to as few words as possible; in many cases a single word sufficed as description, thus giving the appearance of a two-part name.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3018868",
"score": "1.0269065",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Johann Joseph Peyritsch",
"text": "\"Plantae Tinneanae\", a book describing flora collected on the Tinné expedition to Sudan. As a taxonomist, he described numerous plants from the botanical families Celastraceae and Erythroxylaceae. In the field of mycology, he held a special interest in the fungal order Laboulbeniales. The plant genus \"Peyritschia\" from the family Poaceae was named in his honor by Eugène Pierre Nicolas Fournier in 1881. Johann Joseph Peyritsch Johann Joseph Peyritsch (October 20, 1835 – March 14, 1889) was an Austrian physician and botanist born in Völkermarkt. In 1864 he earned his medical doctorate from Vienna, and from 1866 to 1871 was associated",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12581569",
"score": "1.0240299",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "History of botany",
"text": "notoriety for his botanical expeditions, his emphasis on floral characters in classification, and for reviving the idea of the genus as the basic unit of classification. Above all it was Swedish Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778) who eased the task of plant cataloguing. He adopted a sexual system of classification using stamens and pistils as important characters. Among his most important publications were Systema Naturae (1735), Genera Plantarum (1737), and Philosophia Botanica (1751) but it was in his Species Plantarum (1753) that he gave every species a binomial thus setting the path for the future accepted method of designating the names of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13973520",
"score": "1.0220773",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "August W. Eichler",
"text": "he became director of the herbarium at the University of Berlin. He died in Berlin on March 2, 1887 of leukaemia. Eichler made important contributions to the study of the comparative structure of flowers (mainly on floral symmetry in his work \"Blütendiagramme\"). He wrote extensively on the Coniferae, Cycadaceae and other plant groups of Brazil. The Eichler System divided the plant kingdom into non-floral plants (Cryptogamae) and floral plants (Phanerogamae). It was the first to accept the concept of evolution and therefore also the first to be considered phylogenetic. Moreover, Eichler was the first taxonomist to separate the Phanerogamae into",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7173815",
"score": "1.0190493",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"text": "organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Giuseppe De Notaris",
"text": "the University of Rome. In the field of mycology, he proposed the fungi family Hypocreaceae (1845). With Antonio Bey Figari (1804-1870), he described numerous species from the family Poaceae. With Figari, he was the binomial co-author of the grass genus \"Schistachne\" (synonym \"Stipagrostis\"). Organisms with the specific epithet of \"notarisiana\" commemorate his name. Giuseppe De Notaris Giuseppe De Notaris (18 April 1805, Milan – 22 January 1877) was an Italian botanist generally known for his work with cryptogams native to Italy. He studied medicine at the University of Pavia, obtaining his medical degree in 1830. Having developed an interest in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17733341",
"score": "1.0174241",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Paul Möhring",
"text": "and Paul Gottlieb Werlhof. The plant genus \"Moehringia\" (family Caryophyllaceae) was named in his honor by Carl Linnaeus. Paul Möhring Paul Heinrich Gerhard Möhring (also Paul Mohr; 21 July 1710 in Jever – 28 October 1792) was a German physician, botanist and zoologist. He studied medicine in Danzig and Wittenberg, and following graduation (1733), he settled as a general practitioner in his hometown of Jever. Möhring was a physician to the Prince of Anhalt. In 1752 he published \"Avium Genera\", an early attempt to classify bird species, which divided birds into four classes and shows the beginnings of the modern",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2783256",
"score": "1.0163599",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "De Candolle system",
"text": "De Candolle system The De Candolle system is a system of plant taxonomy by French (Swiss) botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778−1841). The first taxonomic system by de Candolle, who introduced the term taxonomy, appeared in his description of the plants of France, his \"Flore française\" (1805–1815), in 5 volumes dealing with plant species found in France. The De Candolle system is a subsequent taxonomic system. The abbreviation \"Syst.\" in de Candolle's work and subsequent literature refers to his \"Regni vegetabilis systema naturale\". The De Candolle system recognises the following groups of vascular plants (references to \"Prodromus\"). Within the \"Prodromus\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7414702",
"score": "1.0150169",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Carl Sigismund Kunth",
"text": "Carl Sigismund Kunth Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the American continents, publishing \"Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland et Humboldt\" (7 vols., Paris, 1815–1825). Born in Leipzig, Kunth became a merchant's clerk in Berlin in 1806. After meeting Alexander von Humboldt, however, who helped him attend lectures at the University of Berlin, Kunth became interested in botany.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4561359",
"score": "1.014376",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "August Grisebach",
"text": "interest were phytogeography and systematics, especially the Gentianaceae and Malpighiaceae, he considered his \"Flora of the British West Indian Islands\" his most important work. Much of his collection, especially the types of species described by him, are housed at the Göttingen University Herbarium. His taxonomic classification is set out in his \"Grundriss der systematischen Botanik\" (1854). His son Eduard was an author, lawyer and diplomat. August Grisebach August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach () was a German botanist and phytogeographer. He was born in Hannover on 17 April 1814 and died in Göttingen on 9 May 1879. Grisebach studied at the Lyceum",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5858505",
"score": "1.011765",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "De Candolle system",
"text": "of these phenomena is a problem from a nomenclatural perspective, the present day ICBN provides for this. Within the dicotyledons (\"classis prima DICOTYLEDONEÆ\") the De Candolle system recognises (Pagination from \"Prodromus\", 17 Parts) the list: (Index to Part I p. 741) Somewhat inconsistently the \"Prodromus\" also treats: De Candolle system The De Candolle system is a system of plant taxonomy by French (Swiss) botanist Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778−1841). The first taxonomic system by de Candolle, who introduced the term taxonomy, appeared in his description of the plants of France, his \"Flore française\" (1805–1815), in 5 volumes dealing with plant",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7414704",
"score": "1.0111388",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Richmond William Hullett",
"text": "theatri botanici’ (English, Illustrated exposition of plants) which is a landmark of botanical history, describing some 6,000 species and classifying them. Whilst the classification system Gaspard Bauhin used was not particularly innovative, using traditional groups such as \"trees\", \"shrubs\", and \"herbs\", and for instance grouping spices into the Aromata, he did correctly group grasses and legumes. It is most likely that this is the work which led Carl Linnaeus (inspiration for the Linnean Society) in deference to the Bauhin brothers 200 years earlier to honour Casper and his brother Johann by naming the genus \"Bauhinia\" after them in his 1753",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13780356",
"score": "1.009747",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Louis Emberger",
"text": "of association in equatorial forests, which led to a biogeographical classification of climate, in which he drew comparisons between Australia and homologous zones of the Mediterranean. In biosystematics he developed a classification scheme for vascular plants. see also \"Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 (TL2)\", Louis Embeerger is the authority for 168 taxa, such as \"Agropyron pseudofestucoides\" Louis Emberger (Marie) Louis Emberger (January 23, 1897 – November 30, 1969) was a French botanist and phytogeographer, at the University of Montpellier. Emberger was born at Thann, in Haut-Rhin, France in 1897, which was then part of German occupied Alsace. He developed an interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19260292",
"score": "1.0082121",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Christian Knaut",
"text": "librarian he was the author of a chronicle and description involving the counties of Ballenstädt and Aschersleben (1698). As a botanist he published \"Compendium Botanicum sive Methodus plantarum genuina\", in which he provided a classification system for flowering plants based on petal number and arrangement. Carolus Linnaeus named the plant genus \"Knautia\" in honor of Christian and Christoph Knaut. Christian Knaut Christian Knaut (August 16, 1656 – April 11, 1716) was a German physician, botanist and librarian born in Halle an der Saale. His brother, Christoph Knaut (1638–1694) was also a physician and botanist. He studied medicine at the University",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13707595",
"score": "1.0076821",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Giuseppe Giacinto Moris",
"text": "named the genus \"Morisia\" (family Brassicaceae) in his honor. Giuseppe Giacinto Moris Giuseppe Giacinto Moris (25 April 1796, Orbassano – 18 April 1869, Turin) was an Italian botanist known for investigations of flora native to Sardinia. He studied medicine in Turin, from where he graduated while still in his teens. From 1822 to 1829, he worked as a professor at the University of Cagliari, afterwards returning to Turin as a professor at the university. Here, he was director of its botanical garden from 1831 until 1869. He was the binomial authority of the genus \"Ridolfia\" (family Apiaceae) as well as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17733462",
"score": "1.007087",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Erik Acharius",
"text": "examining a Spanish collection of lichens on 14 August, 1819, at the age of 61 . Acharius belonged to the younger generations of Swedish botanists who continued what Linnaeus had left undone; classify all living organisms. Acharius began the taxonomic classification of \"Lichenes\" and during his life time he classified over 3300 species of Lichen separated into 40 different genera. At the time of Linnaeus's death all Lichens were grouped into a single genus, thus Acharius was the first to expand lichen classification into the multi-divisional group of organisms it is known to be today. His first publication was \"Lichenographiae",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4237447",
"score": "1.0060114",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Antoine Laurent de Jussieu",
"text": "instance. Writing of the natural system, Sydney Howard Vines remarked In 1788, he was elected a foreign member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He was a member of the Masonic Lodge, Les Neuf Sœurs. The system of suprageneric nomenclature in botany is officially dated to 4 Aug 1789 with the publication of the Genera Plantarum (Gen. Pl.). De Jussieu system Antoine Laurent de Jussieu Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (; 12 April 1748 – 17 September 1836) was a French botanist, notable as the first to publish a natural classification of flowering plants; much of his system remains in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "732518",
"score": "1.0051656",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Carl Linnaeus",
"text": "order). Carl Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (; 23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (), was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms. He is known as the \"father of modern taxonomy\". Many of his writings were in Latin, and his name is rendered in Latin as (after 1761 Carolus a Linné). Linnaeus was born in the countryside of Småland in southern Sweden. He received most of his higher education at Uppsala University and began giving lectures in botany there in 1730. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "62451",
"score": "1.0046687",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Carl Sigismund Kunth",
"text": "1850, the Prussian government acquired his botanical collection, which later formed part of the royal herbarium in Berlin. An endemic Hawaiian fern species is named after him: Doodia kunthiana, which is a member of the Blechnacea family of ferns. Carl Sigismund Kunth Carl Sigismund Kunth (18 June 1788 – 22 March 1850), also Karl Sigismund Kunth or anglicized as Charles Sigismund Kunth, was a German botanist. He is known for being one of the first to study and categorise plants from the American continents, publishing \"Nova genera et species plantarum quas in peregrinatione ad plagam aequinoctialem orbis novi collegerunt Bonpland",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4561361",
"score": "0.99694216",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Otto Friedrich Müller",
"text": "\"Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus\" (1776) was the first survey of the fauna of the combined kingdoms of Norway and Denmark, and classified over three thousand local species. He was one of the first to study microorganisms, and established the classification of several groups of animals in addition to the infusoria, including Hydrachnellae and Entomostraca, all unknown to Linnaeus. He was a member of the Academia Caesarea Leopoldina, a foreign the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences (elected in 1769), the Académie des sciences, Paris, and the Berlin Society of Friends of Natural Science. He had a lasting impact on zoological studies across",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4731212",
"score": "0.9941776",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Richard Wettstein",
"text": "Richard Wettstein Richard Wettstein (30 June 1863 in Vienna – 10 August 1931 in Trins) was an Austrian botanist. His taxonomic system, the Wettstein system was one of the earliest based on phyletic principles. Wettstein studied in Vienna, where he was a disciple of Anton Kerner von Marilaun (1831-1898) and married his daughter Adele. He was a professor at the University of Prague from 1892, and at the University of Vienna from 1899. He newly laid out the Botanical Garden of the University of Vienna. In 1901 he became president of the Vienna Zoological-Botanical Society (\"Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft\"), and during the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8403410",
"score": "0.9934145",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Ignaz Friedrich Tausch",
"text": "von Schlechtendal named the genus \"Tauschia\", or umbrellaworts (family Apiaceae) after him. Tausch was born on January 29, 1793 in Bohemia to a master brewer, Josef Tauch, and Elizabeth Tausch. In his youth, Tausch visited a Piaristengymnasium, a higher educational institution, in the town of Schlackenwerth, sparking his curiosity in botany. From 1809 to 1812, he attended the Charles University in Prague, where he studied philosophy, medicine, and botany. From 1815 to 1826, he served as a professor of botany at the botanical garden of Emmanuel Canal at Prague. From 1821 to his death, he was a member of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17177514",
"score": "0.9907835",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin",
"text": "of the \"Annales des Sciences Naturelles Botanique\". The genus \"Guilleminea\" was named in his honor by Carl Sigismund Kunth. Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin Jean Baptiste Antoine Guillemin (January 20, 1796 in Pouilly-sur-Saône – January 15, 1842 in Montpellier) was a French botanist. In 1812 he was apprenticed to a pharmacist in Dijon, and in 1814 moved to Geneva, where he studied with Jean Pierre Étienne Vaucher (1763–1841) and Augustin Pyramus de Candolle (1778–1841). Later he relocated to Paris, where he became curator of the herbarium and library of botanist Jules Paul Benjamin Delessert (1773–1784). In 1827 he worked as an",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10472943",
"score": "0.99021614",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler",
"text": "Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler Michael Joseph François Scheidweiler (1 August 1799 – 24 September 1861), was a German-born professor of botany and taxonomist, whose main area of interest was the Cactaceae. From a collection by Henri Guillaume Galeotti, he first described \"Ariocarpus retusus\", type species of the genus in 1838 in Brussels. He initially worked as a pharmacist and industrial chemist in Siegburg, Cologne and Aachen. In 1830 he settled in Belgium, first in Liege, later in Brussels. Beginning in 1851, he was an instructor at the horticultural college in Gentbrugge. In 1854, the genus \"Scheidweileria\" (family Begoniaceae) was named",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11669180",
"score": "0.9886231",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "John Hutchinson (botanist)",
"text": "section until 1936 when he was appointed Keeper of the Museums of Botany at Kew. He retired in 1948 but continued working on the phylogeny of flowering plants and publishing two parts of \"The Genera of Flowering Plants\". His profound knowledge of the floral structure of the phanerogams was probably greater than that of any other living botanist. John Hutchinson proposed a radical revision of the angiosperm classification system devised by Hooker and by Engler and Prantl that had become widely accepted during the 20th century. At its simplest, his system suggested two main divisions of angiosperms, herbaceous and woody.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8411172",
"score": "0.98757553",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Taxonomy (biology)",
"long_answer": "Taxonomy (from Ancient Greek τάξις (taxis), meaning 'arrangement', and -νομία (-nomia), meaning 'method') is the science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.",
"chunked_long_answer": "organisms on the basis of shared characteristics. Organisms are grouped together into taxa (singular: taxon) and these groups are given a taxonomic rank; groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super-group of higher rank, thus creating a taxonomic hierarchy. The principal ranks in modern use are domain, kingdom, phylum (division is sometimes used in botany in place of phylum), class, order, family, genus and species. The Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus is regarded as the father of taxonomy, as he developed a system known as Linnaean taxonomy for categorization of organisms and binomial nomenclature for naming organisms.",
"short_answers": [
"Swedish botanist Carl Linnaeus"
]
}
|
who sings in everybody dies in their nightmares
|
[
"XXXTentacion"
] |
[
{
"title": "Nightmares (Buffy the Vampire Slayer)",
"text": "Nightmares plague everyone and Buffy learns Billy has experienced some sort of punishment for poor baseball skills. They evade the scary man and find themselves in a graveyard where The Master confronts Buffy, and buries her alive. Meanwhile, Willow, Xander and Giles find Buffy's grave. Giles explains that it is his worst nightmare to let Buffy die on his watch. Buffy then crawls out of the grave as a vampire, revealing her worst nightmare is dying and becoming a vampire herself. The gang decides that they must wake up Billy from his coma to stop the nightmares. In the hospital,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9144944",
"score": "0.9626761",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "In Dreams (film)",
"text": "In a retrospective review, critic Nick Pinkerton referred to the film as \"a fundamentally miscalibrated movie of rather piquant badness, the work of a preternaturally talented hack, if such a thing can exist.\" The soundtrack to \"In Dreams\" was released on January 12, 1999. In Dreams (film) In Dreams is a 1999 American psychological horror film directed by Neil Jordan. It stars Annette Bening as a New England illustrator who begins experiencing visions of a missing child, and psychic connections to a serial killer responsible for the murders of several local children. The film features supporting performances from Robert Downey",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6270268",
"score": "0.9572514",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Arizona Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "death, so that he's dumb and expressionless. I mean even a calf thinks, but a fish, no. It already knows everything\". Kusturica acknowledged this in one of his interviews The melody of the songs \"This is a film\" and \"In the Deathcar\" is a variation of Enrico Macias song \"Solenzara\". The melody of \"Gypsy Reggae\" is a variation of the song \"The Streets of Cairo\" by James Thornton . Arizona Dream (soundtrack) Soundtrack from Emir Kusturica's \"Arizona Dream\" by Goran Bregović featuring the vocals and lyrics of Iggy Pop on tracks 1, 4 & 6 and the lyrics of Emir",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8459232",
"score": "0.94845974",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "In Dreams (film)",
"text": "been incarcerated. While lying in his bed, he has a horrific vision of the phrase \"Sweet dreams, Vivian\" scrawled in blood on the ceiling. The phrase emerges across the walls of his cell, and he screams in horror. Film scholar Maria Pramaggiore notes \"In Dreams\" as one example in Jordan's cinematography in which popular songs are employed to \"disestablish time and place to convey the notion of time as a cyclical process.\" Pramaggiore also stresses the importance of the uncanny in the film, citing it as one of several in Jordan's filmographyalong with \"The Miracle\" (1991) and \"The Butcher Boy\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6270261",
"score": "0.9364235",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Hearse Song",
"text": "crawl in, the worms crawl out They’ll eat your guts and then shit them out And when your bones begin to rot The worms remain, but you do not So don’t ever laugh as a hearse goes by For someday, you’ll be the one to die And when Death brings his cold despair Ask yourself, “Will anyone care?” In the 1960s, Terry Teene released a rock-and-roll novelty recording, \"Curse of the Hearse\", based on The Hearse Song lyrics, with a different melody. This song was included in \"Finders Keepers\" (2014 film), a thriller/horror film starring Jaime Pressly. The Pogues recorded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15980848",
"score": "0.9296447",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Alex (A Clockwork Orange)",
"text": "plight, the writer promises to help him. However, the writer realises who Alex is upon hearing him singing \"Singin' in the Rain\", the very song he had sung while raping his wife. He drugs Alex and forces him to listen to the Ninth Symphony, which causes Alex so much pain that he attempts suicide by jumping out of the window. He survives, but is badly injured, and wakes up in a state hospital. His parents take him back, while the government, smarting from the bad publicity, gives him a well-paying job. The treatment, meanwhile, has worn off, and Alex is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3552854",
"score": "0.9293205",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Only in Dreams (song)",
"text": "do so in reality due to how nervous he is, he can only fantasize about being with her in his dreams; hence the title of the song. In a 2010 interview with \"Rolling Stone\", Weezer frontman Rivers Cuomo said, \"I think most of our audience always thought it was a song about a girl when I’m really singing about my artistic process.\" When asked in 2006 which Weezer guitar solo he is the most proud of/likes the most, Rivers Cuomo answered, \"I'd have to go with 'Only in Dreams' and [\"Make Believe\" track] 'Haunt You Every Day' for sheer length.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8668858",
"score": "0.929043",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Screamworks: Love in Theory and Practice",
"text": "the insistence of Valo. \"Scared to Death\" was described by Valo as lyrically being a simplified version of the album's theme about \"trying to get back to life, have a bit of hope in yourself\". The song also makes mention of the novel \"Sense and Sensibility\" by Jane Austen, and was also described by Valo as being the album's most straightforward \"pop song\", containing elements of Hüsker Dü, Foo Fighters and \"The NeverEnding Story\" by Limahl. \"Heartkiller\" was originally titled \"The Biblical Sense\", and makes mention of the biblical figure Lazarus and \"Frankenstein\" by Mary Shelley. Lyrically the song talks",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13812842",
"score": "0.9227781",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "In Dreams (Howard Shore song)",
"text": "into major motion pictures. In Dreams (Howard Shore song) \"In Dreams\" is a song by Howard Shore, with lyrics by Fran Walsh, originally written for the motion picture \"\". In the movie, it was sung by the boy soprano Edward Ross and a boy choir. It was also sung by another boy soprano named James Wilson, but was not noted on the album. The song is one of the musical themes or leitmotives used in the music written for film series. It is a variation on Frodo's theme, which is a hymn-like variation on the Shire theme, and features a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12228792",
"score": "0.91905224",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "17 (XXXTentacion album)",
"text": "Seven songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Revenge\", \"Fuck Love\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\", \"Depression & Obsession\", \"Save Me\" and \"Carry On\"—debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31, 77, 41, 54, 91, 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion's highest charting song since Look At Me, which peaked at 31 on September 16, 2017. Three songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\" and \"Fuck Love\"—debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, at number 56, 88 and 99 respectively. Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "If I Should Fall from Grace with God",
"text": "lay dead, kicked down and shot in the back of the head\". MacGowan reflected, \"It's about \"anybody\" in that situation, getting locked away without any real evidence ... Basically it's a prison song about someone pacing round his cell or round the yard wondering what the fuck it's all about ... It's a depressing song – it's not a song that I enjoyed writing or find much pleasure in singing.\" MacGowan described \"Lullaby of London\" as being about a man who comes home at night drunk and proceeds to start telling his young son, who is in bed, about how",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3605823",
"score": "0.91686946",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Tomoko Kawase",
"text": "Night\" by Cyndi Lauper. On February 25, 2009, Kawase released two best-of albums under both the Tommy aliases, Strawberry Cream Soda Pop Daydream (as February6) and Gothic Melting Ice Cream's Darkness Nightmare (as heavenly6). Both albums collected the Tommy singles and certain album tracks, as well as having a new track each. In April 2009, Tommy heavenly6 released a new concept album, titled I Kill My Heart, which was composed mostly by Chiffon Brownie. Two of the promotional songs for her third album were accompanied by music videos that had two versions each: one as Tommy heavenly6 and one as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6181321",
"score": "0.9154712",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "A Little Nightmare Music",
"text": "A Little Nightmare Music A Little Nightmare Music is an opera in \"one irrevocable act\" by Peter Schickele under the pseudonym he uses for parodies and comical works P. D. Q. Bach. The title of the work refers to the English translation of Mozart's famous \"Eine kleine Nachtmusik\" (\"A Little Night Music\"). The opera is described as being \"based on a dream he had December 4, 1791, the night that Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died and Antonio Salieri didn't.\" The opera was \"newly exhumed\" (a.k.a. premiered) at Carnegie Hall on December 27, 1982. It was later recorded with the premiere cast",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10086388",
"score": "0.9150673",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Blood Song",
"text": "Blood Song Blood Song (also known Dream Slayer) is a 1982 American independent slasher film directed by Robert Angus and Alan J. Levi, produced by Frank Avianca and Lenny Montana, and starring Frankie Avalon and Donna Wilkes. It follows a crippled young woman in a coastal Oregon town who is stalked by a hatchet-wielding psychopath from whom she once received a blood transfusion. The film was shot in Coos Bay and Coquille, Oregon, and released theatrically in October 1982. While not prosecuted for obscenity, the film was seized and confiscated in the UK under Section 3 of the Obscene Publications",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10567332",
"score": "0.91454285",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "I'll See You in My Dreams (2003 film)",
"text": "by a crew of musicians, filmmakers and actors who call themselves O Pato Profissional Produções. They claim this to be the first Portuguese zombie movie. Portuguese metal band Moonspell recorded a song for this movie, also titled \"I'll See You in My Dreams,\" originally written by Isham Jones, with lyrics by Gus Kahn. Upon completion of the movie, the cast and crew volunteered to stay longer, and shoot a promotional music video based on this song. I'll See You in My Dreams (2003 film) I'll See You in My Dreams is a 2003 Portuguese short horror film directed by Miguel",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5802983",
"score": "0.91136044",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Nightmare in A-Minor",
"text": "Nightmare in A-Minor Nightmare in A-Minor is the third and final studio album by the hip hop supergroup Gravediggaz. By this time, RZA and Prince Paul had left the group, and Poetic died after his 2-year fight with Colon cancer. The album was produced by Too Poetic, Frukwan, LG, Diamond J, and True Master (For Wu-Tang Productions) and features guest appearances from Wu-Tang affiliates Killarmy and Sunz of Man, and an intro from fellow member Prince Paul, introducing new Gravediggaz DJ Diamond J as a member of the group. Too Poetic rhymes about his terminal illness on the track \"Burn,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7224843",
"score": "0.9099502",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Dreaming Neon Black",
"text": "of denial and self-blame, blaming God, then denouncing God. The ending is a little...tragic, a little depressing. Shakesperian. Everybody dies, it's all happy\", which may be based on an event in the life of Dane. Supposedly, his old girlfriend left him when she joined a religious cult and was never heard from again, and he began having nightmares of her crying out to him as she drowned. This has been confirmed by Warrel himself in an older interview. The spoken word samples from the intro \"Ophidian\" and its 10-second reprise at the end of \"Forever\" are from the Clive Barker",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902797",
"score": "0.9071777",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Freddy's Dead: The Final Nightmare",
"text": "and Tobe Sexton also star. Additionally, several well-known actors make cameo appearances in the film, including Johnny Depp (whose screen debut was in the original \"A Nightmare on Elm Street\"), Roseanne Barr, Tom Arnold, and Alice Cooper. Iggy Pop sings the title song, which plays over a montage of scenes from the previous \"Nightmare\" films during the end credits. In June 1999, ten years after the events of \"\", Freddy Krueger has since returned and killed nearly every child and teenager in the town of Springwood, Ohio. The only surviving teenager, known only as \"John Doe\", finds himself confronted by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6259874",
"score": "0.9041257",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "I Kill Children",
"text": "I Kill Children \"I Kill Children\" is the ninth song on the Dead Kennedys album \"Fresh Fruit for Rotting Vegetables\". It is sung from the first person perspective of an unnamed murderer of children. It satirizes America's twin obsessions with extreme violence. Jello Biafra had said on his spoken word tours that he wrote the song when he was 18 years old after thinking about how and why people became serial killers, and actually considers it one of his weakest songs. Lester Bangs dismissed it as a \"critical but impotent\" fantasy and said the closest thing to a funny line",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5167940",
"score": "0.904119",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Eric Bogle",
"text": "condition such as \"Now I'm Easy\". His song \"Safe in the Harbour\" is an homage to Stan Rogers. \"Katie and the Dreamtime Land\" is a tribute to American folk singer Kate Wolf, who died from leukemia in 1986. Other well-known songs, with lighter subject matter, include two homages to departed pets, \"Little Gomez\" and \"Nobody's Moggy Now\" and an acknowledgment of his folk music fans with \"Do You Sing Any Dylan?\". Bogle has undertaken an extensive concert tour of the UK (sometimes including appearances in continental Europe as well), every three years since 1985. These tours have usually included a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2471521",
"score": "0.90321535",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Gurre-Lieder",
"text": "their graves. The undead's restless roaming and savage hunt around the castle at night is thunderously depicted by the male chorus, until the horde, driven by the radiance of the sunrise, recedes back into death's sleep. During this, a peasant sings of his fear of the eerie army and there is a humorous interlude in the grotesque song of the fool Klaus who is forced to ride with the macabre host when he would rather rest in his grave. A gentle orchestral interlude depicting the light of dawn leads into the melodrama \"The Summer Wind's Wild Hunt\", a narration about",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7806345",
"score": "0.90320414",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Blood Red Sandman",
"text": "Some believe that this song could be referring to Freddy Krueger, a legendary horror film character. Others believe that the song is about the murderer Jack the Ripper, who terrorised London around 1888. Comparisons to both characters come from certain lines in the song, such as \"They called me the leather apron\", and \"Can you hear how the children weep?\". Lordi, using this imagery in the song, creates the character of the Blood Red Sandman who may or may not be a demonic Santa or Jack the Ripper. Finnish version: Promo version: A trio of young people sort through old",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8022651",
"score": "0.901389",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "These Dreams",
"text": "Dean Guitar for the majority of the video. The song was dedicated (on the album) to Nancy Wilson's good friend Sharon Hess (May 28, 1963 – March 16, 1985), who died from leukemia shortly before the song was released. The lyrics of the song describe the fantasy world a person enters when faced with a difficult situation in real life. The lyrics of the song describe a woman who is within a world of fantasy that occurs every time she falls asleep, a world where what is and what isn't cannot always be determined, \"every second of the night, I",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8559604",
"score": "0.9007184",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "In Dreams (Howard Shore song)",
"text": "In Dreams (Howard Shore song) \"In Dreams\" is a song by Howard Shore, with lyrics by Fran Walsh, originally written for the motion picture \"\". In the movie, it was sung by the boy soprano Edward Ross and a boy choir. It was also sung by another boy soprano named James Wilson, but was not noted on the album. The song is one of the musical themes or leitmotives used in the music written for film series. It is a variation on Frodo's theme, which is a hymn-like variation on the Shire theme, and features a snippet of the Fellowship",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12228790",
"score": "0.8998457",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "A Daughter's Nightmare",
"text": "attending her husband's burial after he lost a long battle with lung cancer. Daughter Ariel (Emily Osment) sings for her father as they are burying him. The other main attendee of the funeral is the late husband’s veterinarian brother Cameron (Richard Karn). In addition, there is a man in the background that is lurking around; we learn later that his name is Adam Smith (Paul Johansson) and that he has a young son named Ben (Gregg Sulkin). Adam has taken Ben to a therapist due to his trouble sleeping and hearing voices however Ben refuses to be labeled with mental",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18377494",
"score": "0.89947027",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "John O'Dreams",
"text": "John O'Dreams John O'Dreams although often called a traditional Irish song, was written by Bill Caddick, using a tune by Tchaikovsky. The titular central character is equivalent to the Sandman, a fictional character who sends people to sleep. The song portrays all people as being \"equal in sleep\": In this context, sleep may also be considered a metaphor for death, both as an eventual equalizer of all things, and for the allusion to a \"crossing over,\" as in a river, a prevalent theme in Western spiritual beliefs. The most popular arrangements are by English singer/songwriter Bill Caddick. Singers Gordon Bok,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3870842",
"score": "0.8989959",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Unknown Terror",
"text": "song with cryptic lyrics that Dan believes refer to the Cave of the Dead: \"Down, down, down in the bottomless cave/Down, down, down beyond the last grave/If he's got the stuff of fame/If he's worthy of his name/He may get another chance but he's never more the same/He's got to suffer to be born again.\" But when Dan asks Raoul Koom (Gerald Gilden), whose village is near the cave, to interpret the song, Raoul refuses, saying that it is better for both him and them if he keeps his mouth shut. Nevertheless, Dan, Gina, Pete and Raoul set off in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10624863",
"score": "0.89812213",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Dreamscape (1984 film)",
"text": "as a patient due to recurring nightmares. Blair assigns Tommy Ray Glatman (David Patrick Kelly), a psychopath who murdered his own father, to enter the president's nightmare and assassinate him—people who die in their dreams also die in the real world. Blair considers the president's nightmares about nuclear holocaust as a sign of political weakness, which he deems a liability in the upcoming negotiations for nuclear disarmament. Alex projects himself into the president's dream—a nightmare of a post nuclear war wasteland—to try and protect him. After a fight in which Tommy rips out a police officer's heart, attempts to incite",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4291399",
"score": "0.8975045",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "The Devil's Nightmare",
"text": "also comes to stay at the castle and proceeds to seduce each tourist according to their own personal weaknesses, then kills them, using their own sin against them. Each tourist is a representative of one of the Seven Deadly Sins. Matt Ducard (Christian Maillet) represents Gluttony and dies by choking to death while gorging on food and wine. Nancy (Colette Emmanuelle) dies representing Greed by drowning in a hidden treasure hoard of powdered gold. Howard (Lorenzo Terzon), representing Envy, is killed when he is guillotined and Corrine (Ivana Novak), embodying Lust, is murdered when she is trapped inside an iron",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9626359",
"score": "0.8974627",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Harmonium (Vanessa Carlton album)",
"text": "the Winter\" is a Goth-influenced \"dark song\" that Carlton intended as a metaphor for Charles Darwin's theory and the concept of \"survival of the fittest\": \"Those beautiful animals <nowiki>[</nowiki>unicorns] again could be a symbol for so many things, they die and they shouldn't and I think it's also part my take on the music industry and how so many beautiful things that you do get eaten by the Vampires\". Carlton stated in one of her concerts that \"She Floats\" is about a ghost in her closet, the screaming in the song is her and her producer, Stephan Jenkins screaming. \"The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3933543",
"score": "0.89637923",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "17 (XXXTentacion album)",
"long_answer": "Seven songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Revenge\", \"Fuck Love\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\", \"Depression & Obsession\", \"Save Me\" and \"Carry On\"—debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31, 77, 41, 54, 91, 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion's highest charting song since Look At Me, which peaked at 31 on September 16, 2017. Three songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\" and \"Fuck Love\"—debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, at number 56, 88 and 99 respectively. Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Seven songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Revenge\", \"Fuck Love\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\", \"Depression & Obsession\", \"Save Me\" and \"Carry On\"—debuted in the Billboard Hot 100 at number 31, 77, 41, 54, 91, 94 and 95 respectively with Jocelyn Flores becoming XXXTentacion's highest charting song since Look At Me, which peaked at 31 on September 16, 2017. Three songs—\"Jocelyn Flores\", \"Everybody Dies in Their Nightmares\" and \"Fuck Love\"—debuted in the top 100 of the UK Singles Chart, at number 56, 88 and 99 respectively. Jocelyn Flores peaked at 39 on the UK Singles Chart.",
"short_answers": [
"XXXTentacion"
]
}
|
where does this season's survivor take place
|
[
"Mamanuca Islands, Fiji",
"Ghost Island"
] |
[
{
"title": "Survivor: One World",
"text": "as the second-worst season of all time on Rob Cesternino's podcast website, only behind \"Redemption Island\". Survivor: One World Survivor: One World is the 24th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\", featuring 18 new castaways divided by gender into two tribes of nine. The season was filmed from August 1 through September 8, 2011 in the vicinity of Upolu, Samoa, which is the same filming location used for seasons , , and . The season aired weekly from February 15, 2012 until May 13, 2012, when Kim Spradlin was named the winner over Sabrina Thompson and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16157199",
"score": "1.127227",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Survivor: South Pacific",
"text": "\"Survivor\" contestant and reality TV podcast host Rob Cesternino's website, Rob Cesternino himself put \"Survivor: South Pacific\" 18 out of 30 seasons. Survivor: South Pacific Survivor: South Pacific is the twenty-third season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed from May 30 through July 7, 2011 and premiered on September 14, 2011. Applications were due in January 11, 2011, approximately 800 applicants visited in various states, from there 16 contestants were chosen as participants. Samoa was not initially selected as a location for this season, as the show had already filmed two seasons (",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15611182",
"score": "1.1202414",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Micronesia",
"text": "Survivor: Micronesia Survivor: Micronesia — Fans vs. Favorites is the sixteenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". It is the show's third season to include contestants from past seasons, after the all-returning contestant pool from \"\", along with \"\", in which two contestants from \"\" returned for a second chance. The season was filmed in Palau, marking the second time \"Survivor\" has filmed there (the being 2005). The filming locations for this season were the same as those used in \"Survivor: Palau\", with Airai living in the former Koror camp and Malakal living in the former",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10237176",
"score": "1.1156968",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Survivor: One World",
"text": "Survivor: One World Survivor: One World is the 24th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\", featuring 18 new castaways divided by gender into two tribes of nine. The season was filmed from August 1 through September 8, 2011 in the vicinity of Upolu, Samoa, which is the same filming location used for seasons , , and . The season aired weekly from February 15, 2012 until May 13, 2012, when Kim Spradlin was named the winner over Sabrina Thompson and Chelsea Meissner by a 7–2–0 vote. In addition, Spradlin won $100,000 as the \"Sprint Player of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16157188",
"score": "1.1001573",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Game Changers",
"text": "Survivor: Game Changers Survivor: Game Changers — Mamanuca Islands is the 34th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\", featuring 20 returning castaways. The season premiered on March 8, 2017 with a two-hour airing, marking the series' 500th episode, and ended on May 24, 2017, when Sarah Lacina was named the winner over Brad Culpepper and Troy \"Troyzan\" Robertson in a 7–3–0 vote. This season was the third to film in Fiji after \"\" and \"\". It was the fourth season to feature entirely returning players, following \"\", \"\", and \"\" and was the 11th season overall",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19890372",
"score": "1.0992186",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Survivor: South Pacific",
"text": "Survivor: South Pacific Survivor: South Pacific is the twenty-third season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed from May 30 through July 7, 2011 and premiered on September 14, 2011. Applications were due in January 11, 2011, approximately 800 applicants visited in various states, from there 16 contestants were chosen as participants. Samoa was not initially selected as a location for this season, as the show had already filmed two seasons ( and ) in the area. The production team withdrew from their original locale, Tonga, due to economic problems. The season was filmed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15611169",
"score": "1.0870934",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Survivor (U.S. TV series)",
"text": "the first season, usually favoring warm and tropical climates. Starting with , two seasons have filmed back-to-back in the same location, to be aired in the same broadcast year. Since , the show has filmed in the Mamanuca Islands of Fiji. Since \"The Australian Outback\", the announcement of each season's winner and subsequent reunion have been broadcast live in front of a studio audience, usually alternating between the Ed Sullivan Theater in New York City (home to the CBS' \"Late Show\" franchise) and CBS Television City or the CBS Studio Center in Los Angeles. \"Survivor\" has consistently been one of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11186362",
"score": "1.0850387",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Philippines",
"text": "Survivor: Philippines Survivor: Philippines is the twenty-fifth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed March 18–April 25, 2012 and premiered on September 19, 2012 with a special 90-minute episode. It is the first season since \"\" to begin with three tribes and the seventh season overall to feature returning castaways. Participants' applications were due on October 4, 2011, with approximately 800 chosen for interviews in various states. From there, 15 new contestants were selected. With filming beginning in March, it marked the earliest \"Survivor\" season filming to date since \"\". The season featured",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16514376",
"score": "1.0774381",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Survivor: South Pacific",
"text": "in the vicinity of Upolu and it served as the location for the . Redemption Island, first introduced in the , returned for this season. Sophie Clarke was named the winner in the final episode on December 18, 2011, defeating Benjamin \"Coach\" Wade and Albert Destrade in a 6–3–0 vote. Ozzy Lusth won $100,000 as the \"Sprint Player of the Season\", winning this honor by the largest margin since the award's inception in \"\", and earning the fans' vote over John Cochran. The complete season was released on DVD on September 8, 2015, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace program. Alina Wilson from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15611170",
"score": "1.0750276",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Survivor (U.S. TV series)",
"text": "The 36th season, Survivor: Ghost Island, will premiere on February 28, 2018.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Caramoan",
"text": "contestants, like Rob Mariano and Rudy Boesch. Allie, who placed 19th, wrote a post on Facebook about how poorly she was treated at the reunion and shared her thoughts on what actually happened. Survivor: Caramoan Survivor: Caramoan — Fans vs. Favorites is the 26th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season filmed from May 21 – June 28, 2012, and premiered on February 13, 2013, with a special 90-minute episode. As with \"\", the first season to have the \"Fans vs. Favorites\" subtitle, this season initially featured a tribe of 10 returning contestants from previous",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16516091",
"score": "1.070348",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Philippines",
"text": "'a breath of fresh air' after a run of seasons that disappointed, it gave us...some great characters and amazing gameplay,\" which \"set the bar high for future seasons.\" In 2015, a poll on former \"Survivor\" contestant Rob Cesternino's website saw \"Philippines\" rank as the 8th-greatest season of all time, and the second-greatest post-\"Heroes vs. Villains\" season, only behind \"\"; Cesternino himself personally ranked it as the 6th-greatest season overall. Survivor: Philippines Survivor: Philippines is the twenty-fifth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed March 18–April 25, 2012 and premiered on September 19, 2012",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16514387",
"score": "1.0695838",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Blood vs. Water",
"text": "Survivor: Blood vs. Water Survivor: Blood vs. Water is the 27th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season filmed in May–June 2013 and premiered on Wednesday, September 18, 2013, featuring returning castaways and their loved ones competing against each other. It was the third consecutive season, and the ninth season overall, to feature returning contestants. As with the previous two seasons, the season was filmed in the Philippines, but this time at Palaui Island, Cagayan. The tribe names were Galang and Tadhana, which means \"respect\" and \"destiny\", respectively, in Tagalog. Tyson Apostol was named the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17288894",
"score": "1.069551",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Survivor (Israel): Fans vs. Favorites",
"text": "Survivor (Israel): Fans vs. Favorites Survivor 10: Fans vs. Favorites (also known as Survivor 10: All-Stars or Survivor All-Stars: Fans vs. Survivors) is the fourth season of the Israeli version of the Reality TV show Survivor, which was filmed in the Philippines. The theme of this season is normal people competing against past contestants of the show. The contestants were split into two tribes, fans and favorites, named Kalinga and Mayon, respectively. This season features the return of \"The Island of the Dead\" since Survivor 10: The Caribbean. Dan Mano was named \"Player of the Season\" by the public's votes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14454221",
"score": "1.0690131",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Survivor South Africa: Philippines",
"text": "Survivor South Africa: Philippines Survivor South Africa: Philippines is the sixth season of the South African reality game show \"Survivor South Africa\". The season was filmed in January/February 2018 in the Palawan province of the Philippines and aired on M-Net on the 3rd of May 2018. It is the fourth season hosted by Nico Panagio. This season was produced by Afrokaans Film & Television for M-Net. At the finale on the 16th of August 2018, Tom Swartz was crowned Sole Survivor over Jeanne Michel in a vote of 6-1. This season will be the longest in \"Survivor South Africa\" history,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20426301",
"score": "1.0688487",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Palau",
"text": "Survivor: Palau Survivor: Palau is the tenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season filmed from October 27, 2004 through December 4, 2004 and premiered on February 17, 2005. Filming took place in Koror, Palau. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with 20 competitors, the most the series ever began with. For the second time since the series' premiere, the contestants selected the tribes instead of the producers. The self-selection into two tribes of nine left two contestants not chosen and immediately eliminated from the game. The two",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4272438",
"score": "1.0653253",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Tocantins",
"text": "the second player to win the game by a unanimous vote, following Earl Cole of \"\", but the first to receive no votes throughout the season in addition to a unanimous jury vote. This would be the last season to feature a final two until the twenty-eighth season, \"\". The complete season, including the mid-season recap episode and live reunion show, was released on DVD exclusively through Amazon.com on August 5, 2014. The cast is composed of 16 new players, initially splitting into two tribes. The tribes are Jalapao and Timbira. Notable cast includes SWV band member Tamara Johnson-George and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11502238",
"score": "1.063592",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Micronesia",
"text": "Ulong camp. Exile Island returned this season after being absent from \"Survivor: China\", with a new twist of one castaway from each tribe being sent to Exile Island where they had to compete to find the hidden immunity idol. This was the final \"Survivor\" season to be aired in standard definition. The complete season was released on DVD from CBS Home Entertainment, via Amazon.com's CreateSpace, on January 31, 2014. It is set to have significantly more special features than recent releases. The full cast of 20 contestants was revealed on January 3, 2008 by \"Entertainment Weekly\". For the first time",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10237177",
"score": "1.06355",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Survivor (Israeli TV series)",
"text": "the holder to stop another castaway from casting a vote at tribal councils and \"The Island of The Dead\" which gives an eliminated contestant a chance returning the game (this twist provided the basics for Redemption Island in the American edition) Unlike the American edition, the Israeli edition airs 2 episodes a week, with the elimination at the end of the second episode. This usually means there are 30–40 episodes for an entire season.The first episode will typically feature the Reward and Immunity challenges while the second will typically feature an Individual Immunity Challenge during the pre-merge or a \"Veto",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14651149",
"score": "1.0629915",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Micronesia",
"text": "season, only behind \"\". Seven years later, in the official \"CBS Watch\" issue commemorating \"Survivor\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s 15th anniversary, \"Micronesia\" was voted by viewers as the third greatest season of the series, only behind \"Heroes vs. Villains\" and \"\". Another poll in the same magazine, asking viewers to vote for the most memorable moment in the series, saw Ozzy's elimination in Episode Ten come in second, only behind Sandra Diaz-Twine burning Russell Hantz's hat in \"Heroes vs. Villains\". Survivor: Micronesia Survivor: Micronesia — Fans vs. Favorites is the sixteenth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". It is the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10237187",
"score": "1.0628798",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains",
"text": "consideration, then \"Heroes vs. Villains\" ties with \"Cagayan\" as his personal favorite \"Survivor\" season. Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains Survivor: Heroes vs. Villains is the twentieth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". It premiered on February 11, 2010 with a special two-hour episode. It was the show's fourth season to feature contestants from past seasons, after \"\", \"\", and \"\", and was only the second season to feature a cast consisting entirely of returning players, after \"All-Stars\". The season was filmed in Upolu, Samoa. The complete season, including the pre-season \"Surviving Survivor\" special and live reunion show,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11977213",
"score": "1.0620266",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Worlds Apart",
"text": "Survivor: Worlds Apart Survivor: Worlds Apart is the 30th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\", which premiered on February 25, 2015, with the season finale on May 20, 2015. It was filmed in San Juan del Sur, Nicaragua, the same location as \"\", \"\", and \"\", and features three tribes of six new players divided by social class: white collar, blue collar, and no collar. This season introduced the concept of an extra vote, in which one player can vote twice at a single Tribal Council, which was offered during the season's Survivor Auction. This season",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18470501",
"score": "1.0565293",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Australian Survivor (season 4)",
"text": "Australian Survivor (season 4) The fourth season of Australian Survivor is a television series based on the international reality game show franchise \"Survivor\". It is the second season to air on the Network Ten, following the network acquiring the broadcast rights to the \"Australian Survivor\" franchise in late 2015. The season premiered on 30 July 2017. Like the previous season, the program was filmed on the Samoan island of Upolu and featured 24 Australian castaways competing for 55 days in the Samoan jungle for a grand prize of A$500,000. Jonathan LaPaglia returned to host the series for his second season.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19802518",
"score": "1.056268",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Guatemala",
"text": "Drinkard, former beauty queen and model-turned radio announcer Danni Boatwright, ex-NFL quarterback Gary Hogeboom, and film and television writer Rafe Judkins. Excluding the two most recent seasons, \"\" and \"\" and the current season \"\", which have yet to be followed by any seasons with returning players, this is one of two Survivor seasons (along with \"\") where no original cast member has come back to play on another season. While Stephenie LaGrossa competed again on \"\", she first appeared on \"\". Sixteen of the 18 players in the game were already split into two tribes, Nakúm and Yaxhá; both",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5124659",
"score": "1.0555087",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Survivor (Israel): The Philippines",
"text": "Survivor (Israel): The Philippines Survivor: The Philippines (, \"Hisardut HaPhilipinim\") is the third season of the Israeli version of the Reality TV show Survivor, which was filmed March and April 2009, in the Philippines and aired from August 29 until December 30 of that year. This season features the most number of contestants to date with 25. During the first two days, seven of the contestants, either by losing a series of challenges or not being selected for a tribe, were sent to Invisible Island, where they competed in a series of challenges to eventually re-enter the main game. Contestants",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13396914",
"score": "1.0554447",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Survivor After Show",
"text": "weekly Friday shows at 2 p.m. EST with the most recent castoff joining the two hosts in a one-hour show. Some seasons also have special features, such as Time Capsule (where the Survivor leaves a message for him/herself before the show starts), Minus 10 (where the ousted Survivor has to comment on 10 words in 10 words or less) and Jenna Morasca's Fan Question of the Week (where Jenna picks a question sent to her through her MySpace to ask the ousted Survivor). Changes to the schedule are made if the show if the TV show is on a different",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7729356",
"score": "1.0542421",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Koh-Lanta (season 11)",
"text": "Koh-Lanta (season 11) Koh-Lanta: Raja Ampat is the 11th season of the French version of \"Survivor\", \"Koh-lanta\". This season takes place in Indonesia on the archipelago of Raja Ampat Islands, and began broadcasting on TF1 in September 2011, every Friday at 8:45pm (7:45 p.m. UTC) before \"Secret Story 2011\". Two new rules were introduced in this season. One is taken directly from the American \"Survivor\" format: the hidden immunity idol (represented as a necklace). There is also a new rule called the black vote, which allows an eliminated contestant to take revenge by voting one more time against one of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15715600",
"score": "1.0539603",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Vanuatu",
"text": "Survivor: Vanuatu Survivor: Vanuatu — Islands of Fire, also known as Survivor: Vanuatu, is the ninth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed from June 28, 2004 through August 5, 2004 and the season premiered on September 16, 2004. Filming took place in Vanuatu, a chain of volcanic islands in the South Pacific. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay, with 18 competitors for the second time in the series' history. This was the second season to initially divide the tribes by gender. It was also the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3643072",
"score": "1.0532863",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Survivor: Tocantins",
"text": "Survivor: Tocantins Survivor: Tocantins – The Brazilian Highlands is the 18th season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". The season was filmed in the microregion of Jalapão in Tocantins, Brazil, and first aired Thursday, February 12, 2009. CBS began casting for \"Survivor: Tocantins\" once production for \"\" was underway. Applications were due by July 15, 2008, with in-person interviews being conducted in various cities sometime in August 2008, and semi-finalists traveling to Los Angeles, California sometime in September 2008. Sixteen applicants were chosen to compete on the show and were initially divided into two tribes. Exile Island",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11502236",
"score": "1.0531647",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Survivor: All-Stars",
"text": "Survivor: All-Stars Survivor: All-Stars is the eighth season of the American CBS competitive reality television series \"Survivor\". It was filmed from November 3, 2003 through December 11, 2003 and premiered on February 1, 2004 after Super Bowl XXXVIII. It was set on the Pearl Islands of Panama, where the previous season \"\" had just wrapped up. Hosted by Jeff Probst, it consisted of the usual 39 days of gameplay with, for the first time, 18 competitors instead of the usual 16, and three tribes instead of the usual two. The winner was former \"\" castaway Amber Brkich, who was declared",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2544061",
"score": "1.0517254",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Survivor (U.S. TV series)",
"long_answer": "The 36th season, Survivor: Ghost Island, will premiere on February 28, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 36th season, Survivor: Ghost Island, will premiere on February 28, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"Ghost Island"
]
}
|
when was the first election held in india
|
[
"1951–52"
] |
[
{
"title": "1999 Indian general election",
"text": "1999 Indian general election General Elections were held in India from 5 September to 3 October 1999, a few months after the Kargil War. The 13th Lok Sabha election is of historical importance as it was the first time a united front of parties managed to attain a majority and form a government that lasted a full term of five years, thus ending a period of political instability at the national level that had been characterised by three general elections held in as many years. On 17 April 1999, the Bharatiya Janata Party(BJP) coalition government led by prime minister Atal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9572672",
"score": "1.0958788",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "1957 elections in India",
"text": "1957 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the second presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his nearest rival Chowdhry Hari Ram. General elections to the second Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 24 February to 14 March 1957. The Indian National Congress (INC) easily won the second term, winning 371 of the 494 seats and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%. Legislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Bombay, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Madras, Odisha,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18893221",
"score": "1.0918301",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "1957 Indian general election",
"text": "1957 Indian general election The Indian general election of 1957 elected the 2nd Lok Sabha of India. The election was held from 24 February to 14 March, just over five years after the previous general election. There were 494 seats elected using first past the post voting system. Out of the 403 constituencies, 91 elected two members, while the remaining 312 elected a single member. The multi-seat constituencies were abolished before the next election. Under the leadership of Jawaharlal Nehru, the Indian National Congress easily won a second term in power, taking 371 of the 494 seats. They gained an",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10216201",
"score": "1.076175",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "1957 elections in India",
"text": "Madhya Pradesh. : West Bengal was enlarged by the addition of minor territories from Bihar in 1956 under States Reorganisation Act, 1956. 1957 elections in India The Election Commission of India held the second presidential elections of India on May 6, 1957. Dr. Rajendra Prasad won his re-election with 459,698 votes over his nearest rival Chowdhry Hari Ram. General elections to the second Lok Sabha since independence were held in India between 24 February to 14 March 1957. The Indian National Congress (INC) easily won the second term, winning 371 of the 494 seats and their vote share increased from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18893226",
"score": "1.0740154",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election The first Delhi Legislative Assembly election to the Delhi Legislative Assembly was held on 27 March 1952. Forty-eight seats were up for election. Six of the constituencies elected two assembly members, the remaining 36 constituencies elected a single member. Congress emerged as the single largest party in the first legislative elections held in Delhi. Chaudhary Brahm Prakash of Indian National Congress was elected Chief Minister. On 1 November 1956, under States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Delhi was made a Union Territory under the direct administration of the President of India and the Delhi Legislative Assembly was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17735857",
"score": "1.0655539",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election The first legislative assembly Election to the Madras state on the basis of universal adult suffrage was held in March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after the Indian Independence. This election was officially known as 1951 Madras State Election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952. No single party obtained a simple majority to form an independent Government. C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) of the Indian National Congress became the Chief Minister after a series of re-alignments among various political parties and Independents. The Telugu speaking regions",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13226346",
"score": "1.0647867",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "1980 Indian general election",
"text": "recorded in 1977 a few important landmarks in the political history of India: it was the first coalition to govern India, and proved that the Congress could be defeated. 1980 Indian general election India held general elections to the 7th Lok Sabha in January 1980. The Janata Party alliance came into power after the elections to the 6th Lok Sabha held in 1977, riding the public anger against the Congress and the Emergency but its position was weak. The loose coalition barely held on to a majority with only 295 seats in the Lok Sabha and never quite had a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10216231",
"score": "1.0557146",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "abolished simultaneously. Next legislative assembly elections in Delhi were held in 1993, when Union Territory of Delhi was formally declared as National Capital Territory of Delhi by the Sixty-ninth Amendment to the Indian constitution. 1952 Delhi Legislative Assembly election The first Delhi Legislative Assembly election to the Delhi Legislative Assembly was held on 27 March 1952. Forty-eight seats were up for election. Six of the constituencies elected two assembly members, the remaining 36 constituencies elected a single member. Congress emerged as the single largest party in the first legislative elections held in Delhi. Chaudhary Brahm Prakash of Indian National Congress",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17735858",
"score": "1.0528295",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "On 5 April 1957, E. M. S. Namboodiripad became the chief minister of Kerala and first non–Congress chief minister of the country( PSP Ruled travencore cohin state before) . But the government was dismissed in 1959 by the central government following the Liberation Struggle. 1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957 was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India and second in the world after San Marino.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17969007",
"score": "1.0510192",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Indian general election, 1951–52",
"text": "The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election",
"text": "1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Council election The first legislative council election for the Madras Presidency after the establishment of a bicameral legislature by the Government of India Act of 1935 was held in February 1937. The Indian National Congress obtained a majority by winning 27 out of 46 seats in the Legislative Council for which the elections were held. This was the first electoral victory for the Congress in the presidency since elections were first conducted for the Council in 1920 and C. Rajagopalachari (Rajaji) became the Chief Minister. The Justice Party which had ruled the presidency for most of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14048427",
"score": "1.0509912",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "2009 Indian general election",
"text": "days of phase five, on 16 May 2009, following the first past the post system. The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) led by the Indian National Congress formed the government after obtaining the majority of seats based on strong results in Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. Manmohan Singh became the first prime minister since Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 to be re-elected after completing a full five-year term. The UPA was able to put together a comfortable majority with support from 322 members out of 543 members of the House. Though this is less than",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9746662",
"score": "1.0487221",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Sagar Pur",
"text": "In 1993, when Delhi held its first state election for the 70 MLA seats, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) swept the Indian National Congress party by grabbing 49 seats. Mr. Vinod Kumar Sharma was the first MLA who got elected from Nasirpur Constituency on BJP seat. Indian National Congress leader Mr. Mahabal Mishra won three consecutive elections in 1998, 2003 & 2008 from the seat, and was later elected as the Member of Parliament of the area in Indian general election, 2009 from West Delhi. In 2009 by-elections, Bharatiya Janata Party leader Mr. Pradyumn Rajput won the seat. Currently this",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13774280",
"score": "1.0455563",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "1937 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election The First legislative assembly election for the Madras Presidency was held in February 1937, as part of the nationwide provincial elections in British India. The Indian National Congress obtained a majority by winning 159 of 215 seats in the Legislative Assembly. This was the first electoral victory for the Congress in the presidency since elections were first conducted for Madras Legislative Council in 1920. The Justice Party which had ruled the presidency for most of the previous 17 years was voted out of power. The assembly was constituted in July 1937 and C. Rajagopalachari",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14027419",
"score": "1.0455135",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "2014 Indian general election",
"text": "at the request of the President, until 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi and his cabinet were sworn to office. 2014 Indian general election The Indian general election, 2014 was held to constitute the 16th Lok Sabha, electing members of parliament for all 543 parliamentary constituencies. Running in nine phases from 7 April to 12 May 2014, it was the longest election in the country's history. According to the Election Commission of India, 814.5 million people were eligible to vote, with an increase of 100 million voters since the last general election in 2009, making it the largest ever election",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11941280",
"score": "1.0370388",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "1957 Kerala Legislative Assembly election The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1957 was the first assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The Communist Party of India won the election with 60 seats. The election led to the formation of first democratically elected communist government in India and second in the world after San Marino. On 1 November 1956, under the States Reorganisation Act, 1956, Kerala was formed by the merger of Travancore-Cochin state with the Malabar district (including Fort Cochin and the Laccadive Islands) of Madras State, Kasaragod taluk of the South Canara district and the Amindive Islands.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17969004",
"score": "1.0362599",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "1957 Indian general election",
"text": "extra seven seats (the size of the Lok Sabha had been increased by five) and their vote share increased from 45.0% to 47.8%. The INC won nearly five times more votes than the Communist Party, the second largest party. In addition, 19.3% of the vote and 42 seats went to independent candidates, the highest of any Indian general election. The first instance of booth capturing in India was recorded in 1957 in the General Elections of that year in Rachiyahi, in Begusarai's Matihani assembly seat. 1957 Indian general election The Indian general election of 1957 elected the 2nd Lok Sabha",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10216202",
"score": "1.0360699",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "This led to re-organization of legislative assembly constituencies during 1957 assembly elections in the state. The strength of the Madras Legislative Assembly was increased to 205 in accordance with the new Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order 1956, made by the Delimitation Commission of India under the provisions of the State Reorganisation Act, 1956. The 1957 elections were conducted for these 205 seats. 1952 Madras Legislative Assembly election The first legislative assembly Election to the Madras state on the basis of universal adult suffrage was held in March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13226367",
"score": "1.035519",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "Indian National Congress became the deputy chief minister on 22 February 1960, with eleven council ministers. Pattam A. Thanu Pillai resigned on 26 September 1962 after he was appointed as the Governor of Punjab and R. Sankar became the first Congress Chief Minister of Kerala. 1960 Kerala Legislative Assembly election The Kerala Legislative Assembly election of 1960 was the second assembly election in the Indian state of Kerala. The elections were held on 1 February 1960. In the 1957 elections in Kerala, the Communist Party of India formed the government with the support of five independents. But in 1959, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18931674",
"score": "1.0351245",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "1946 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election",
"text": "1946 Madras Presidency Legislative Assembly election The second legislative assembly election for the Madras Presidency after the establishment of a bicameral legislature by the Government of India Act of 1935 was held in 1946. The election was held after 6 years of Governor's rule starting from 1939, when the Indian National Congress government of C. Rajagopalachari resigned protesting Indian involvement in World War II. This was the last election held in the presidency - after Indian independence in 1947, the presidency became the Madras state. The election was held simultaneously with that of the Legislative Council. The Congress swept the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14016325",
"score": "1.0348082",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Elections in Bihar",
"text": "the state is divided into 243 Assembly Constituencies in which the candidate securing the largest number of votes is declared elected. In the Bihar Assembly Elections, 2010, the National Democratic Alliance formed the state government having secured a simple majority of 206 seats. Bihar Legislative Assembly came into existence in 1937. The Assembly had a strength of 152 members. According to the provisions of the Constitution of India, the first General Elections in the state were held in 1952. The total strength of membership in the Assembly was 331, including one nominated member. Dr Sri Krishna Singh became the first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15108674",
"score": "1.0335864",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "2008 elections in India",
"text": "2008 elections in India Multiple State Assemblies of India went to elections in 2008. The first batch of elections for the year were announced by the Election Commission of India (ECI) on 14 January 2008. This included the elections to the Legislative Assemblies of the states of Meghalaya, Nagaland and Tripura. Elections in all polling stations of all three states were conducted using electronic voting machines (EVMs). Elections to the state Assembly of Karnataka was announced by the ECI on 2 April 2008. This was the first election to be held under the new boundaries drawn up the Delimitation Commission",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11461643",
"score": "1.0331117",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "2013 elections in India",
"text": "single-largest party, closely followed by the debutant Aam Aadmi Party. The Indian National Congress party, which governed the state for the last three consecutive terms, finished third. The Rajasthan State Assembly elections of 2013 were held on 1 December 2013 with voter turnout in 200<nowiki>*</nowiki> constituencies being 74.38%, the highest ever for the state. The counting was done on 8 December 2013. The main contest was between incumbent Indian National Congress and main opposition party Bhartiya Janta Party. Out of the total number of candidates, there were 166 women and one eunuch contesting the polls. <nowiki>*</nowiki>\"Elections in constituency Churu were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17000498",
"score": "1.0318199",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "2013 elections in India",
"text": "be the Chief Minister of the state for 3rd consecutive time. The Chhattisgarh State Assembly elections of 2013 were held in two phases, first on 11 November 2013 and second on 19 November 2013 and counting was done on 8 December 2013. The main contest was between incumbent Bhartiya Janta Party and main opposition party Indian National Congress. The Mizoram State Assembly Elections 2013 was held on 25 November 2013 and the counting was done on 9 December 2013. 2013 elections in India Legislative Assembly elections in India were conducted for nine legislative assemblies in 2013. Voting in Chhattisgarh was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17000500",
"score": "1.0313554",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "2015 elections in India",
"text": "expired on November 29, 2015. The Jhabua-Ratlam Lok Sabha constituency by-election was won by Kantilal Bhuria of the Indian National Congress by 88800 votes. 2015 elections in India The elections in India in 2015 include the two state legislative assembly elections. The tenure of the state legislative assembly of Bihar are due to expire during the year and the Delhi Legislative Assembly Re-Election will also be held due to the inability to form the government. The assembly state elections in Delhi were held in a single phase on February 7, followed by counting on the 10th of February. In the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18185719",
"score": "1.0302742",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "1977 Indian general election",
"text": "1977 Indian general election In a major turn of events, the ruling Congress lost control of India for the first time in independent India in the Indian general election, 1977. The hastily formed Janata alliance of parties, opposed to the ruling Congress party, won 298 seats. Morarji Desai was chosen as the leader of the alliance in the newly formed parliament and thus became India's first non-Congress Prime Minister on 24 March. The Congress lost nearly 200 seats. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi and her powerful son Sanjay Gandhi both lost their seats. The election came after the end of The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10216219",
"score": "1.0290883",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "1984 Indian general election",
"text": "thus achieving the distinction of becoming the first regional party to become a national opposition party. Voting was held immediately after the assassination of Indira Gandhi and the 1984 anti-Sikh riots in November and most of India supported Congress. 1984 Indian general election General elections were held in India in 1984 soon after the assassination of previous Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, though the vote in Assam and Punjab was delayed until 1985 due to ongoing fighting. The election was won convincingly by the Indian National Congress of Rajiv Gandhi (son of Indira Gandhi), which won 404 of the 514 seats",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9564968",
"score": "1.0290688",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "C. F. Brackenbury",
"text": "in 1935 and as per the provisions of the act the franchise which had hitherto been restricted only to landlords and notables was enlarged to include much of India's population making the 1937 elections, the first democratically-held elections in India's history. In the Madras Presidency, the Indian National Congress was elected to power and Indian independence activist C. Rajagopalachari became the Premier. Brackenbury soon became a favourite of Rajagopalachari and the working of the government was smooth and unhindered. Upon Rajagopalachari taking charge as Premier, he gifted khadi cloth to Brackenbury. Brackenbury warmly accepted the gift and made a suit",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19583816",
"score": "1.0282327",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "1934 Indian general election",
"text": "1934 Indian general election General elections were held in British India in 1934. The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party in the Central Legislative Assembly. The total electorate for the 1934 elections was 1,415,892, of which 1,135,899 were in contested constituencies. The total number of votes polled was 608,198. The election marked the first year in which Indian women were eligible to vote in any but a local election. Of the 81,602 enrolled women voters, 62,757 of whom were in contested constituencies, only 14,505 actually used the ballot. Out of the 51 general seats of the general constituencies,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16124953",
"score": "1.0264989",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "1951–52 Indian general election",
"text": "which had Ram Manohar Lohia and Jayaprakash Narayan's leadership to boast of; and the Communist Party of India. However, these smaller parties were unable to make an electoral stand against the Indian National Congress. The first general elections, which were conducted for 489 seats in 401 constituencies, represented 25 Indian states. At that time, there were 314 constituencies with one seat, 86 with two seats and one with three seats. The multi-seat constituencies were abolished in the 1960s. There were also 2 nominated Anglo-Indian members. First Law Minister B. R. Ambedkar was defeated in the Bombay (North Central) (reserved seat)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10216197",
"score": "1.0264374",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Indian general election, 1951–52",
"long_answer": "The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Indian general election of 1951–52 elected the first Lok Sabha since India became independent in August 1947. Until this point, the Indian Constituent Assembly had served as an interim legislature. See the 'Durations' section below to find the time-range associated with these elections.",
"short_answers": [
"1951–52"
]
}
|
what is the term of an official in the house of representatives
|
[
"two-year",
"Speaker of the House",
"Two years",
"Representatives"
] |
[
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)",
"text": "a backrest that is higher than the other seats in the House. The Speaker is elected by the Members of the House. Such an election takes place shortly after a general election or after the position became vacant. The House adopts a profile that outlines the desired qualities that potential candidates should have, such as prior experience and personal traits. The profile is not binding, however. Members can submit their candidacy, but this is not required. The election itself requires the participation of at least 76 Members. To win the election, a Member needs to obtain an absolute majority of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16459737",
"score": "0.9479205",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"text": "He presides over the session; decides on all questions of order, subject to appeal by any member; signs all acts, resolutions, memorials, writs, warrants and subpoenas issued by or upon order of the House; appoints, suspends, dismisses or disciplines House personnel; and exercise administrative functions. The speaker is elected by majority of all the members of the house, including vacant seats. The speaker is traditionally elected at the convening of each Congress. Before a speaker is elected, the House's sergeant-at-arms sits as the \"Presiding Officer\" until a speaker is elected. Compared to the Senate President, the unseating of an incumbent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2004148",
"score": "0.9201695",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Australian House of Representatives",
"text": "house is invited by the Governor-General to form the Government. In practice that means that the leader of the party (or coalition of parties) with a majority of members in the House becomes the Prime Minister, who then can nominate other elected members of the government party in both the House and the Senate to become ministers responsible for various portfolios and administer government departments. Bills appropriating money (supply bills) can only be introduced in the lower house and thus only the party with a majority in the lower house can govern. In the current Australian party system, this ensures",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "719454",
"score": "0.9184181",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Parliament of Sri Lanka",
"text": "The Sergeant-at-Arms is responsible for the maintenance of law, order, and security on the House's premises and acts also as master-of-ceremonies. The Serjeant-at-Arms carries the ceremonial mace, a symbol of the authority of the People and of the Parliament, into the House each day in front of the Speaker, and the Mace is laid upon the Table of the House during sittings. Currently, the parliament secretariat administration is divided into eight departments. These departments are; The Staff Advisory Committee (SAC) established under the Parliamentary Staff Act provides advice and guidance to the Parliamentary Secretariat with respect to matters concerning Parliamentary",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2915468",
"score": "0.9043458",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"text": "also elected by the House: the Deputy Speaker and Second Deputy Speaker, the latter of which must be elected from an opposition party. If the Speaker is absent, the Deputy Speaker would become the Acting Speaker and the Second Deputy Speaker the Acting Deputy Speaker. If both the Speaker and Deputy Speaker are absent the Second Deputy Speaker would become Acting Speaker. The Speaker also appoints members to serve on the Speaker's Panel, who often take the chair during noncontroversial debates, and also preside over deliberations in the Federation Chamber. Australian parliaments are notoriously rowdy, and the Speaker frequently exercises",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2172677",
"score": "0.8959631",
"original_retrieval_index": 50
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives",
"text": "the House, the speaker-elect is confirmed in office by the Governor-General. At the start of a term of Parliament, the newly confirmed speaker follows the tradition of claiming the privileges of the House. Each day, prior to the sitting of the House of Commons, the Speaker and other officials travel in procession from the Speaker's personal apartments to the debating camber. The procession includes the Doorkeeper, the Serjeant-at-Arms, the Speaker and the Speaker's Assistant. The Serjeant-at-Arms attends the Speaker on other occasions, and in the House; he or she bears the ceremonial mace that symbolises the royal authority under which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2424984",
"score": "0.8901424",
"original_retrieval_index": 61
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives (Netherlands)",
"text": "represents the House as a whole, such as in ceremonies and with visits by foreign heads of state. The Speaker is also the chair of the Presidium, which is responsible for determining the budget of the House, setting its agenda and appointing its staff. The Speaker is supported in their duties by Deputy Speakers, ranked by number in order of precedence, which also are Members of the House. In the event that the Speaker is unable to fulfill their duties or the position becomes vacant, the meeting is chaired by the First Deputy Speaker. The Speaker has a seat with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16459736",
"score": "0.8846414",
"original_retrieval_index": 74
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"text": "to ensure full deliberation and swift approval of measures included therein, and may, for the purpose, avail of the assistance of the Deputy Speakers, the Majority Leader, the Chairpersons of the standing committees and other Members of the House; b. conduct regular monthly caucus of all Members or groups thereof or as often as may be necessary to discuss priority measures and to facilitate dialogue, consensus and action on issues and concerns affecting the House and the performance of its functions; c. exercise general supervision over all committees and, in furtherance thereof, conduct regular monthly meetings with the Chairpersons and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9097553",
"score": "0.88359106",
"original_retrieval_index": 78
},
{
"title": "New Zealand House of Representatives",
"text": "each of the political parties in the House. The whips make sure that members of their caucus are in the House during crucial votes. Officers of the House who are not members include the Clerk of the House, the Deputy Clerk, the Chief Parliamentary Counsel, and several other junior clerks. These are non-partisan roles. The most senior of these officers is the Clerk of the House, who is responsible for several key administrative tasks, such as \"advising members on the rules, practices and customs of the House\". Another important officer is the Serjeant-at-Arms, whose duties include the maintenance of order",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2251673",
"score": "0.87897915",
"original_retrieval_index": 97
},
{
"title": "United States House of Representatives",
"text": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives",
"text": "elected by the House at the beginning of a parliamentary term. If the office of Speaker becomes vacant during a parliamentary term, the House must elect a new Speaker when it next sits. The election of a speaker is presided over by the Clerk of the House. It is not unusual for an election to be contested. If there are two candidates, members vote in the lobbies for their preferred candidate. In the case of three or more candidates, a roll-call vote is conducted and the candidate with the fewest votes eliminated, with the process continuing (or reverting to a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2424982",
"score": "0.87667704",
"original_retrieval_index": 103
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"text": "the disciplinary powers vested in him or her under Standing Orders. The Speaker may summarily order a Member to excuse him or herself from the House for one hour. For more serious offences, the Speaker may \"name\" a Member, saying \"I name the Honourable Member for X,\" following the House's convention that Members are always referred to by their electorate. The House then votes on a motion to suspend the Member for 24 hours. (The House also had the power to permanently expel a Member, but this happened only once, in 1920: the member was Hugh Mahon. The House no",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2172678",
"score": "0.8760566",
"original_retrieval_index": 104
},
{
"title": "Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives",
"text": "or an assistant parliamentarian, usually sits or stands to the right of the Speaker or Speaker pro tempore (or the Chair of the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union, when the House has resolved into that forum) and advises that presiding officer how to respond to such things as parliamentary inquiries, points of order, and the ordinary workings of the procedures of the House. The legitimacy of parliamentary procedure in the House depends on nonpartisan procedural advice that is transparently consistent. The Parliamentarian achieves the requisite consistency by fidelity to precedent. The Parliamentarian achieves the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7585653",
"score": "0.8757225",
"original_retrieval_index": 105
},
{
"title": "House of Commons of the United Kingdom",
"text": "convention, a Speaker seeking re-election to parliament is not opposed in his or her constituency by any of the major parties. The lack of partisanship continues even after the Speaker leaves the House of Commons. The Clerk of the House is both the House's chief adviser on matters of procedure and chief executive of the House of Commons. He or she is a permanent official, not a member of the House itself. The Clerk advises the Speaker on the rules and procedure of the House, signs orders and official communications, and signs and endorses bills. The Clerk also chairs the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "180514",
"score": "0.87411845",
"original_retrieval_index": 109
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"text": "take appropriate measures as may be deemed advisable or as the House may direct, to preserve order and decorum in the session hall, the galleries, lobbies, chambers, offices, corridors and premises of the House; j. sign all acts, resolutions, memorials, writs, warrants and subpoenae that may be issued by or upon order of the House; k. perform administrative functions such as, among others: k1. appointment of personnel of the House with authority to delegate this power; k2. suspension, dismissal or imposition of other disciplinary measures on House personnel in accordance with Civil Service rules: Provided, That the suspension or dismissal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9097557",
"score": "0.8737796",
"original_retrieval_index": 112
},
{
"title": "New Zealand House of Representatives",
"text": "a private member of Parliament. Written questions are submitted to the Clerk, either on paper or electronically, and answers are recorded in \"Parliamentary Debates\" (Hansard) so as to be widely available and accessible. In addition to questions asked orally during Question Time, members may also make inquiries in writing. Most parliamentary business is about making new laws and amending old laws. The House examines and amends bills—the title given to a proposed piece of legislation while under consideration by the House—in several formal stages. Once a bill has passed through all its parliamentary stages it becomes an Act of Parliament,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2251683",
"score": "0.87197727",
"original_retrieval_index": 116
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"text": "will continue in office following a change of government. While the Opposition usually nominates one of its own members for Speaker after a general election, this is understood to be a symbolic act, and party discipline is always followed in any ballot. By reason of section 40 of the Constitution, while in the Chair, a Speaker does not have a deliberative vote, but if there is a tie in votes, the Speaker has a tiebreaker vote. Most Speakers have been senior backbenchers of the party holding office at the start of a new Parliament, or at the time of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2172672",
"score": "0.87037855",
"original_retrieval_index": 122
},
{
"title": "House of Lords",
"text": "the presiding officer on the rules of the House, signs orders and official communications, endorses bills, and is the keeper of the official records of both Houses of Parliament. Moreover, the Clerk of the Parliaments is responsible for arranging by-elections of hereditary peers when necessary. The deputies of the Clerk of the Parliaments (the Clerk Assistant and the Reading Clerk) are appointed by the Lord Speaker, subject to the House's approval. The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod is also an officer of the House; he takes his title from the symbol of his office, a black rod. Black Rod",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "177254",
"score": "0.8694955",
"original_retrieval_index": 126
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives",
"text": "derives from this tradition. All male Speakers have been addressed by members as \"Mister Speaker\" while in the Chair. Joan Child chose to be addressed as \"Madam Speaker\", as female Speakers are usually referred to in other parliaments. The former Speaker, Anna Burke, broke with this tradition and ruled that her official form of address is merely \"Speaker.\" The Speaker's principal duty is to preside over the House and maintain order in the House, uphold Standing Orders (rules of procedure), rule on points of order, and protect the rights of backbench members. The Speaker is assisted by two deputies, both",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2172676",
"score": "0.8665099",
"original_retrieval_index": 132
},
{
"title": "Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives",
"text": "the official position of House Chaplain for all years since the office was created except for the brief period of 1855-1861 (and the Senate has had chaplains for every year except 1857-1859). According to the Clerk of the House, \"During a protracted struggle over the organization of the House [due to internal division within the ruling party over slavery] in the 34th Congress, and before a Chaplain was elected the House was opened alternately with prayer daily by minister of the gospel of Washington.\" The \"status [of the chaplain] remained unfixed. It was objected that neither the Constitution nor the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15331927",
"score": "0.8627196",
"original_retrieval_index": 143
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"text": "and languages; 2. provide a simplified and comprehensive process of gathering, recording, storage and retrieval of data and information relating to activities and proceedings of the House; 3.sustain a public information program that will provide accessible, timely and accurate information relating to the House, its Members and officers, its committees and its legislative concerns inclusive of facilitating, as far as practicable, broadcast coverage of plenary and committee proceedings; e. establish an efficient and effective system to monitor and evaluate the performance of legislative tasks and duties of the House, its Members and its committees; f. establish coordinative linkages with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9097555",
"score": "0.8608067",
"original_retrieval_index": 152
},
{
"title": "Tennessee House of Representatives",
"text": "the Senate, the directors of the offices of Legislative Information Services, Legal Services, Legislative Administration, and Legislative Budget Analysis. Additionally, the Speaker is in charge of all facilities, professional and clerical staff, and custodians and security personnel of the House. The current Speaker is Beth Harwell of Nashville. Among Republicans, around 30% of all members hold no degree beyond high school completion, less than 20% hold a Master's or other post baccalaureate degree, and less than 10% have a law degree. Among Democrats, less than 15% of all members hold no degree beyond high school, 33% hold a Master's or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3599810",
"score": "0.86052895",
"original_retrieval_index": 153
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the House of Representatives of the Philippines",
"text": "of the House, and otherwise shall be comparable in scope to the system for drug testing in the executive branch, Provided, That the expenses of the system may be paid from applicable accounts of the House for official expenses; and o. require the submission of performance reports at the end of every regular session and fiscal year from the committee chairpersons, the Secretary General and the Sergeant-at-Arms, and such other reports as may be required from all concerned officers and offices of the House. And according to Section 16 of the Rule 4 of the Rules of the House, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9097560",
"score": "0.8598203",
"original_retrieval_index": 159
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly",
"text": "the House. Conventionally, the Speaker remains non-partisan, and renounces all affiliation with his former political party when taking office. The Speaker does not take part in debate nor vote (except to break ties, and even then, subject to conventions that maintain his or her non-partisan status), although the Speaker is still able to speak. Aside from duties relating to presiding over the House, the Speaker also performs administrative and procedural functions, and remains a constituency Member of Parliament (MP). The office of the Speaker is recognised in section 31 of the Constitution Act 1902 as the Legislative Assembly's \"independent and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10435368",
"score": "0.8580206",
"original_retrieval_index": 162
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly",
"text": "impartial representative\". The first act of the new Parliament, after the swearing in of Members, is the election of a Speaker. Section 31B of the Constitution Act outlines the method of election. Under section 70 of the Parliamentary Electorates and Elections Act 1912, the Speaker issues writs to fill vacancies caused otherwise than by a General Election, which would be issued by the Governor. The Speaker's role in the House is to maintain order, put questions after debate and conduct divisions. In maintaining order the Speaker interprets and applies the Standing Orders and practice of the House by making rulings",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10435369",
"score": "0.8554449",
"original_retrieval_index": 175
},
{
"title": "Senate of Barbados",
"text": "or a current sitting member of the House of Assembly. Senators serve for five years. Both the Senate and the House of Assembly constitutionally share most of the same powers, however, much as in other Westminster System Parliaments, the lower house is dominant. All legislation can be introduced and amended in either house with the exception of money bills; money bills always originate in the House of Assembly, and the Senate is limited in the amendments it can make to them. If the budget is approved by the House of Assembly, but it is not approved un-amended by the Senate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5898056",
"score": "0.8526916",
"original_retrieval_index": 184
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Cook Islands Parliament",
"text": "may not be a Cabinet Minister. The Constitution requires that Parliament elect the person nominated by the Prime Minister, however the parliament's Standing Orders include a process for contested elections. Following their election the Speaker must present themselves to the Queen's Representative to swear an oath of allegiance and lay claim to the privileges of the House. The Speaker holds office until they cease to be an MP (or, in the case of a Speaker who is not an MP, cease to be qualified to be one), become a Minister, are removed by a vote of the House, or Parliament",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13175758",
"score": "0.85222876",
"original_retrieval_index": 187
},
{
"title": "New Zealand House of Representatives",
"text": "1907 when New Zealand became a Dominion, and even earlier as \"Members of the General Assembly\" (MGAs). All members are democratically elected, and usually enter the House following a general election. Once sworn in, members normally continue to serve until the next dissolution of Parliament and subsequent general election, which must take place at least every three years—although early general elections (sometimes termed \"snap elections\") are possible at the discretion of the Prime Minister, especially in the event that a minority government is unable to retain the confidence of the House. If a member dies or resigns, his or her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2251665",
"score": "0.85188675",
"original_retrieval_index": 189
},
{
"title": "Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives",
"text": "House. The position of parliamentarian was previously known as the \"Clerk at the Speaker's table,\" in which capacity the noted parliamentarian Asher Hinds served as an adviser to the powerful Speakers \"Czar\" Reed and \"Uncle Joe\" Cannon, who used precedent and procedure to facilitate their assertive management of House business (both were excoriated by opponents as \"czarlike\" or \"tyrannical\"). A Parliamentarian has been appointed by the Speaker in every Congress since 1927. In the 95th Congress the House formally established an Office of the Parliamentarian to be managed by a nonpartisan Parliamentarian appointed by the Speaker (). The compilation and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7585656",
"score": "0.85015094",
"original_retrieval_index": 195
},
{
"title": "Speaker of the Dewan Rakyat",
"text": "— an important procedure for the legislature to examine the government's actions, the power to restrict the tabling of questions for Question Time, and the power to amend written copies of speeches made by members of the House before they are given verbally. The Speaker is elected to a term that lasts for the length of the term of the Dewan Rakyat that elected him. His term ends when the House is dissolved and a general election is called. He is elected when the House meets for the first time after a general election by the members of the House,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7135867",
"score": "0.8498728",
"original_retrieval_index": 198
}
] |
{
"title": "United States House of Representatives",
"long_answer": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single representative: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Vermont, and Wyoming.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The composition of the House is established by Article One of the United States Constitution. The House is composed of Representatives who sit in congressional districts that are allocated to each of the 50 states on a basis of population as measured by the U.S. Census, with each district entitled to one representative. Since its inception in 1789, all Representatives have been directly elected. The total number of voting representatives is fixed by law at 435. As of the 2010 Census, the largest delegation is that of California, with fifty-three representatives. Seven states have the smallest delegation possible, a single",
"short_answers": [
"Representatives"
]
}
|
where was the first t20 cricket match played
|
[
"Lord's"
] |
[
{
"title": "Dr. Y. S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA–VDCA Cricket Stadium",
"text": "his maiden one day international century (148) in 2005. After being given Test status, it hosted its first test match in November 2016, between India and England. India won the match by 246 runs. The Stadium hosted its first T20I in February 2016 between India and Sri Lanka, in Which Ravichandran Ashwin took 4 wickets for 8 runs in his 4 over spell bundling out Sri Lanka for 83. The stadium also hosted IPL matches and was the home ground of Deccan Chargers in 2012 and Sunrisers Hyderabad in 2015 along with Rising Pune Supergiants and Mumbai Indians together in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9170586",
"score": "1.1213636",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground",
"text": "played on the ground, the last of which saw Andhra Pradesh play Hyderabad in the 2004/05 Ranji Trophy one-day competition. Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground (also known as Campal Grounds and Panjim Gymkhana Grounds) is a cricket ground in Panaji, Goa, India. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 1966 when Gujarat Governor's XI played Maharashtra Governor's XI. The first first-class to be played there came in the 1986/87 Ranji Trophy when Goa played Tamil Nadu. Between the 1986/87 season and the 2005/06 season, the ground held 26 first-class matches. The first List A match played",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16029216",
"score": "1.0965247",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground",
"text": "Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground or Kirtipur Cricket Ground or TU Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Kirtipur just outside Kathmandu, Nepal. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 1998 when Bangladesh played Papua New Guinea in the 1998 ACC Trophy. Nepal took part in the inaugural Intercontinental Cup with the matches in the competition having first-class status. The ground held its first first-class match when Nepal hosted Malaysia. Another two first-class match were held there during the 2005 Intercontinental Cup when Nepal hosted Hong Kong and the United Arab Emirates.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15997953",
"score": "1.0908903",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Wanderers Cricket Ground",
"text": "with the ground holding a further Twenty20 match between Namibia and Uganda later in 2010. In April 2013, the hosted first ever international T20I match between Kenya and Netherlands. List of T20I matches hosted at Wanderers. Wanderers Cricket Ground Wanderers Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Windhoek, Namibia. The first recorded match on the ground was in 1990 when Namibia played the Netherlands. The ground held its first List A match in the 2001/02 6 Nations Challenge when Namibia played Sri Lanka A. To date the ground has held 37 List A matches. In 2004, the ground held its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15892070",
"score": "1.0804248",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Himachal Pradesh Cricket Association Stadium",
"text": "played in this ground was the Pakistani cricket team, when they played a warm-up match against an India A side in 2005. The first One Day International (ODI) at this stadium was played between India and England on 27 January 2013. England won the match by 7 wickets. The first Test at this stadium was played between India and Australia from 25–29 March 2017. In November 2015, the HPCA stadium was selected as one of the six new Test match venues in India along with the Maharashtra Cricket Association Stadium, JSCA International Stadium Complex, Saurashtra Cricket Association Stadium, Holkar Stadium",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13735659",
"score": "1.0802503",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground",
"text": "Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground Bhausaheb Bandodkar Ground (also known as Campal Grounds and Panjim Gymkhana Grounds) is a cricket ground in Panaji, Goa, India. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 1966 when Gujarat Governor's XI played Maharashtra Governor's XI. The first first-class to be played there came in the 1986/87 Ranji Trophy when Goa played Tamil Nadu. Between the 1986/87 season and the 2005/06 season, the ground held 26 first-class matches. The first List A match played there came when Goa played Kerala in the 1993/94 Ranji Trophy one-day competition. Fifteen further List A matches have been",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16029215",
"score": "1.079509",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground",
"text": "facilities. TU cricket ground will host... Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground Tribhuvan University International Cricket Ground or Kirtipur Cricket Ground or TU Cricket Ground is a cricket ground in Kirtipur just outside Kathmandu, Nepal. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 1998 when Bangladesh played Papua New Guinea in the 1998 ACC Trophy. Nepal took part in the inaugural Intercontinental Cup with the matches in the competition having first-class status. The ground held its first first-class match when Nepal hosted Malaysia. Another two first-class match were held there during the 2005 Intercontinental Cup when Nepal hosted Hong",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15997956",
"score": "1.0703204",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Barsapara Stadium",
"text": "2009, Assam Cricket Association officials hoped that within one year they will be able to complete the remaining work of the stadium which will be of an international standard. On 4 November 2012, the East Zone Senior Women's Interstate One-day Championship match between Assam and Odisha became the first match to be played at the ground. In the 2013-14 Ranji Trophy season, the ground hosted four matches. Assam against Kerala was the first first-class match. On 10 October 2017, the stadium hosted its first T20 international. The match was played between Australia and hosts India, Australia won the game by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17075040",
"score": "1.0650717",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Aditya Academy Ground",
"text": "A Matches are played on this ground. Aditya Academy Ground Aditya Academy Ground is a cricket ground in Bengaluru, India. It was established in 2012. The ground is not a first-class venue but it is only used for List A cricket, domestic under-19s or Blind cricket. In 2012, the first T20 Blind Cricket World Cup was held in Bangalore and the Aditya Academy Ground was one of venue and host 19 matches of it. India defeated Pakistan by 29 runs in the final. In 2014, the ground hosted its first Vijay Hazare Trophy matches when Hyderabad cricket team played against",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18987370",
"score": "1.0536124",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Twenty20",
"text": "The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Galle International Stadium",
"text": "for this. The ground was later upgraded to international cricket standards, and became the seventh international cricket stadium in Sri Lanka able to host Test matches. The first test match was played on the ground on 3 June 1998. It was played between Sri Lanka and New Zealand, resulting in a win for Sri Lanka by an innings and 16 runs. The first ODI match was scheduled to be held on 25 June 1998 between India and Sri Lanka, but was abandoned due to the ground being waterlogged from overnight rain and heavy raining in the morning. On 26 December,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4457848",
"score": "1.0507265",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Sunrise Sports Club",
"text": "host a first-class match the following season in the 1998–99 Logan Cup between Mashonaland and Mashonaland A, however the match was abandoned without a ball bowled. India later played a one-day warm-up match at the ground against Zimbabwe A during their 2001 tour. Sunrise Sports Club Sunrise Sports Club is a cricket ground in Harare, Zimbabwe. The ground is bordered to the north and east by housing and to the west and south by open ground. First-class cricket was first played there in August 1998 when the Zimbabwe Cricket Union President's XI played the South Africa Academy, resulting in a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17110996",
"score": "1.0472019",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Sheikh Abu Naser Stadium",
"text": "Day International (ODI) status in January 2006. The stadium became the seventh Test venue in the country when it hosted the second Test between Bangladesh and West Indies in November 2012. The ground hosted its first Test match from 21–25 November 2012 when Bangladesh played against the West Indies, with the home team losing by 10 wickets. The first ODI, between Bangladesh and Kenya, had taken place on 20 March 2006. The stadium hosted its first Twenty20 International (T20I), between Bangladesh and Zimbabwe, on 28 Nov 2006, with the match being the first T20I to take place in Bangladesh. Up",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8261016",
"score": "1.0469241",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Seddon Park",
"text": "It has hosted a total of 6 T20Is, 22 ODIs and 20 Test matches. The first ODI played here was between New Zealand and India on 15 February 1981, which New Zealand won by 57 runs. The first Test match was played on February 22–26, 1991, between New Zealand and Sri Lanka, which was a draw. Stephen Fleming has the highest Test score on the ground, 192 versus Pakistan in 2003, and holds the highest Test aggregate for the ground of 789 runs. The ground was also used for one season in 2001 for the majority of Waikato and Chiefs",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9674622",
"score": "1.045966",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "2018 English cricket season",
"text": "Test match at Malahide near Dublin. In preparation for this match the Irish team played a first-class match against Somerset at Taunton in April. At the end of their tour Pakistan played two T20 matches in Scotland on 12 and 13 June. The England team played a One Day International (ODI) against Scotland in Edinburgh in June, losing to Scotland for the first time in an ODI. The South African women's team also toured England to play three One Day International matches against the England women's cricket team in June and to compete in the 2018 England women's Tri-Nation Series",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20653718",
"score": "1.0430198",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Sharjah Cricket Stadium",
"text": "Complex Ground in Noida, India. The cricket stadium also hosted the inaugural edition of the T10 cricket league, which is a 90-minute cricket league from December 14 to 17, 2017 featuring several international cricket players. The stadium also hosted the final of the 2018 Blind Cricket World Cup featuring India and Pakistan with India defeating Pakistan by 2 wickets to secure the Blind Cricket World Cup title. Sharjah cricket stadium is one of the few Test Cricket Grounds at which a Test match has been played not involving a home country participant (and the only one in a non-Test playing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6409047",
"score": "1.0389414",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Teerthanker Mahaveer University Ground",
"text": "its first first-class match when Uttar Pradesh cricket team will play against Madhya Pradesh cricket team in 2015–16 Ranji Trophy. Teerthanker Mahaveer University Ground Teerthanker Mahaveer University Ground is a multi-purpose stadium in Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh. The stadium has got facilities for various sports like cricket, football, hockey etc. There are also facilities for indoor sports such as basketball, badminton, gymnastics, handball, volleyball, lawn tennis, table tennis, weight lifting and Kabbadi etc. The ground is a made considering all norms of BCCI so that it can host Ranji Trophy matches. The stadium hosted its first cricket match in 2012 when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19058089",
"score": "1.0379236",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Sri Lankan cricket team in Australia in 2016–17",
"text": "Sri Lankan cricket team in Australia in 2016–17 The Sri Lanka cricket team toured Australia in February 2017 to play three Twenty20 International (T20Is) matches. Cricket Australia confirmed the venues in August 2016, which included the first-ever international cricket match to be held at Kardinia Park, Geelong. With both Steve Smith and David Warner unavailable due to the scheduling of the series against India, Aaron Finch was named as Australia's captain for the series. Sri Lanka's T20I captain Angelo Mathews was unavailable for the tour, after suffering a hamstring injury during the second T20I against South Africa in January 2017.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19468542",
"score": "1.0362825",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Police Stadium, Chamba",
"text": "also been held on the ground, with the first coming in the 1995/96 Ranji Trophy one-day competition when Himachal Pradesh played Jammu and Kashmir. The others followed when Himachal Pradesh played Haryana in the 1996/97 competition and when Himachal Pradesh played Jammu and Kashmir in the 1999/00 competition. No further major matches have been staged there. Police Stadium, Chamba The Police Stadium is a cricket ground in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India. The first recorded match on the ground came when Himachal Pradesh Under-19s played Haryana Under-19s in 1995. The ground held its first first-class match in December 1995 when Himachal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16025880",
"score": "1.0356",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Navy Ground, Welisara",
"text": "played Sri Lanka Army Sports Club. To date, ten List A matches heve been played there. Navy Ground, Welisara Navy Ground is a cricket ground in Welisara, Sri Lanka. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 2002 when Galle Cricket Club Under-23s played Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club Under-23s. First-class cricket was first played there in 2006 when Burgher Recreation Club played Saracens Sports Club in the 2006/07 Premier Trophy. To date twenty first-class matches have been held there, though home side Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club didn't start playing there until the 2009/10 season. The first List",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16042459",
"score": "1.0345088",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Bay Oval",
"text": "day/night matches, and it hosted the first day/night T20I series on 30 December 2017. This is the ground where Colin Munro scored two of his record 3 T20I centuries. It will host its first test match between New Zealand and England in November 2019, and the Under-19 ODI World Cup in 2018, including the final. Two ODI centuries have been achieved at the ground. Two T20I centuries have been achieved at the ground, both by Colin Munro. Five WODI centuries have been achieved at the ground by two players, two by Suzie Bates and three by Meg Lanning. One ODI",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16046732",
"score": "1.0332317",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Sher-e-Bangla National Cricket Stadium",
"text": "from the wicket to the boundary. The ground was fitted with floodlights in 2009; it is able to host day/night cricket matches. The ground hosted its first Test match on 25 May 2007 where the home team played India. The first ODI took place on 18 December 2005 where Bangladesh played Scotland. On 11 October 2011 the stadium hosted its first T20I between Bangladesh And West Indies. As on 22 December 2018 the venue would host Till 2017 BPL, the venue has hosted most of the matches (142) including all Playoff matches and Finals. The stadium hosted 4 Group matches",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7166058",
"score": "1.0304611",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Gaddafi Stadium",
"text": "first Full Member nation to tour Pakistan since March 2009. On 5 March 2017 the final of the 2017 Pakistan Super League was played in the stadium. Pakistan won both ODI and T20I series comfortably. On August 2017, PCB along with ICC started to improve international cricket in Pakistan. With that, under heavy security, PCB planned World XI tour to Pakistan for three T20Is. In August 2017, Thilanga Sumathipala, president of Sri Lanka Cricket, said that he would like to play at least one of the three T20I matches in Lahore, Pakistan during October. In March 2009, the Sri Lanka",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4780156",
"score": "1.0292751",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Clydesdale Cricket Club",
"text": "2007 Cricket World Cups and in the Olympic Games hockey tournaments in Barcelona, Athens, Beijing and London. In 2007, Clydesdale's Titwood cricket ground was approved for the staging of official One-Day Internationals for crowds of up to 5,000. It became the fourth Scottish ground to be granted ODI status, as it was seen as a hub of cricket in Scotland along with the Grange, Aberdeenshire's Mannofield and Ayr's Cambusdoon New Ground. The first of these, an 'offshore international' between India and Pakistan in July 2007 was a victim of the wet weather. The second game was played in August the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6803286",
"score": "1.0289495",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Bharat Ratna Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Ekana Cricket Stadium",
"text": "Indian Prime Minister. On 6 November 2018, the stadium hosted its first international match, a Twenty20 International (T20I) between India and the West Indies, becoming the 52nd stadium in India to host an international cricket match. In that match Rohit Sharma became the first cricketer to score four centuries in T20Is. India won that match by 71 runs. The last time Lucknow hosted an international match was in January 1994, when India played a Test match against Sri Lanka at the K. D. Singh Babu Stadium. Before its international debut, it also hosted the final of the 2017–18 Duleep Trophy.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18157121",
"score": "1.0285919",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Kardinia Park (stadium)",
"text": "Victorian Solo Speedway Championship in 1926/27 and followed up with the second championship held in 1927/28. Both championships were won by Billy Pilgrim. In 2016, it was announced that international cricket would be played at the ground for the first time. The ground hosted second T20 International between Australia and Sri Lanka on February 19. The ground witnessed memorable match between two nations, where Sri Lanka won the match by 2 wickets at the end. Sri Lanka chased 173 runs at the last ball of the match, where Asela Gunaratne smashed 46-ball unbeaten 84 runs to seal the match and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3690980",
"score": "1.0282545",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Navy Ground, Welisara",
"text": "Navy Ground, Welisara Navy Ground is a cricket ground in Welisara, Sri Lanka. The first recorded match held on the ground came in 2002 when Galle Cricket Club Under-23s played Nugegoda Sports Welfare Club Under-23s. First-class cricket was first played there in 2006 when Burgher Recreation Club played Saracens Sports Club in the 2006/07 Premier Trophy. To date twenty first-class matches have been held there, though home side Sri Lanka Navy Sports Club didn't start playing there until the 2009/10 season. The first List A was held there in the 2006/07 Premier Limited Overs Tournament when Kurunegala Youth Cricket Club",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16042458",
"score": "1.027623",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Papua New Guinea national cricket team",
"text": "the only country that has won its first two ODIs. Papua New Guinea's first scheduled T20I match was against Hong Kong on 13 July 2015 at the 2015 ICC World Twenty20 Qualifier. However the match was abandoned without a ball bowled due to rain, with no toss taking place. They played their first full match two days later, against Ireland, beating them by 2 wickets. With their victory against Nepal on 17 July, they became the first team to qualify for the play-off section of the tournament. Papua New Guinea crashed out early from the race of qualification for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6414394",
"score": "1.0274193",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Police Stadium, Chamba",
"text": "Police Stadium, Chamba The Police Stadium is a cricket ground in Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India. The first recorded match on the ground came when Himachal Pradesh Under-19s played Haryana Under-19s in 1995. The ground held its first first-class match in December 1995 when Himachal Pradesh played Jammu and Kashmir in the 1995/96 Ranji Trophy. The following season a further first-class match was held when Himachal Pradesh played Haryana in the 1996/97 Ranji Trophy. Three seasons later the ground held a third first-class match between Himachal Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir in the 1999/00 Ranji Trophy. Three List A matches have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16025879",
"score": "1.0249878",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "R. Premadasa Stadium",
"text": "pair sharing a partnership 576 for the second wicket, at that time it was the highest for any wicket in a Test Match. On 10 February 2009 it hosted inaugural T20i match between Sri Lanka & India as well as 1st T20i to be played in Sri Lanka. A new training center has been developed behind the stadium with 16 practice pitches and dormitories for the Sony Max Cricket Academy which started in 2003. The Premadasa Stadium underwent a reconstruction project in preparation for the 2011 Cricket World Cup. The stadium has been undergoing large-scale renovations since 2009. It has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6986089",
"score": "1.0241402",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Twenty20",
"long_answer": "The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The first official Twenty20 matches were played on 13 June 2003 between the English counties in the Twenty20 Cup. The first season of Twenty20 in England was a relative success, with the Surrey Lions defeating the Warwickshire Bears by 9 wickets in the final to claim the title. The first Twenty20 match held at Lord's, on 15 July 2004 between Middlesex and Surrey, attracted a crowd of 27,509, the highest attendance for any county cricket game at the ground – other than a one-day final – since 1953.",
"short_answers": [
"Lord's"
]
}
|
which us ship was captured off the coast of massachusetts by the british
|
[
"USS Chesapeake"
] |
[
{
"title": "HMS Blonde (1760)",
"text": "HMS Blonde (1760) HMS \"Blonde\" was a 32-gun fifth rate warship of the British Royal Navy captured from the French in 1760. The ship wrecked on Blonde Rock with American prisoners on board. An American privateer Captain Daniel Adams rescued the American prisoners and let the British go free. The Captain's decision created an international stir. Upon returning to Boston, the American privateer was banished for letting go the British crew and he and his family became Loyalist refugees in Nova Scotia. On 24February 1760, during the Seven Years' War, a British squadron under Captain John Elliot in HMS \"Aeolus\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18437652",
"score": "1.0124478",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "John Inglis (Royal Navy officer)",
"text": "ship was captured by the French fleet under the Comte d'Estaing during the Rhode Island campaign in August 1778. In the spring of 1779 he was given command of the newly-built 14-gunner HMS Delight which he sailed to North America in June. Here he captured the US ships Industry (18 February) and Macaroni (16 April). He then joined the larger ship HMS Blonde under Cpt Andrew Barkley setting off from Charlestown to clear the Cape Fear River of American ships in January 1781. In August 1781 he was promoted to Captain and Commander and given HMS Squirrel a 20-gunner from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20873962",
"score": "0.9987942",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "HMS Diana (1775)",
"text": "HMS Diana (1775) HMS \"Diana\" was the first British vessel that colonial forces captured and destroyed during the American Revolutionary War. The 120 ton schooner was afloat for little more than a year. She was built in 1774 in the Province of Massachusetts Bay and served as an unarmed private fishing boat for eight months before Vice-Admiral Samuel Graves purchased her for the Royal Navy in January 1775 for £750. According to Graves, the \"Diana\" was \"so exceedingly well built that she is allowed to be the best Vessel of the Kind that has been yet in the King’s Service.\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10756576",
"score": "0.9793148",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "USS Lynch (1776)",
"text": "the British the previous October, was full of loot plundered from the warehouses of patriot merchants just before the evacuation of Boston, and carried a goodly number of Tory refugees. Many of the Tories were transferred to \"Lee\", their leaders were taken on board \"Hancock\", and the captive crew was imprisoned in \"Lynch\", which accompanied \"Hancock\" to Portsmouth, arriving 4 April to refit and recruit. Underway again 13 May, \"Lynch\" joined \"Lee\" and \"Warren\" in Cape Ann Harbor. A fortnight later HMS \"Milford\" pursued the schooners but they escaped in the fog. On 7 June they captured British transport \"Anne\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12382306",
"score": "0.9772051",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "USS Warren (1776)",
"text": "their capture by the British. \"Warren\" was probably set afire by her crew on either 14 or 15 August 1779 in the Penobscot River, above the Bagaduce peninsula. Later that autumn, Saltonstall was tried by court martial on board the frigate in Boston harbor. He was summarily dismissed from the Continental Navy. USS Warren (1776) USS \"Warren\" was one of the 13 frigates authorized by the Continental Congress on 13 December 1775. With half her main armament being 18-pounders, \"Warren\" was more heavily armed than a typical 32-gun frigate of the period. She was named for Joseph Warren on 6",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12061375",
"score": "0.97380626",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Fox Point, Nova Scotia",
"text": "1999 This is in reply to your letter about William Francis and Samuel Edward Shatford. We examined the register of British prisoners of war in the United States, 1812-1815, but we did not locate anyone with the surname Shatford. This register included the names of prisoners captured on the British ship Java and many other captured ships. According to the register, the prisoners from Java were released to the Consul at Bahia, Brazil, on January 4, 1813. We also examined the US Navy Subject File 1775-1910, for the category \"RB\" (British Prisoners). This file included information about prisoners captured by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13131924",
"score": "0.97301805",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Samuel Tucker",
"text": "Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on 15 October. In 1779, two cruises in the North Atlantic netted nine prizes before orders sent \"Boston\" to Charleston, South Carolina, to help defend that port against the British onslaught. On 11 May 1780, Charleston surrendered, after a siege, and the warships in harbor were captured, along with most of their officers and men. Tucker was among the prisoners but received parole on 20 May and was exchanged for British Capt. Wardlaw, whom Tucker had captured when \"Boston\" took HMS Thorn in September 1779. On 11 January 1781, Tucker assumed command of \"Thorn\", now a privateer.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4765384",
"score": "0.9722345",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "American colonial marines",
"text": "harbor of Beverly, Massachusetts. The \"Hannah\" was grounded by her captain in order to remove her powder and armaments to prevent their capture by the British. By 5 November 1775, Washington's regimental of marines aboard \"Harrison\" participated in the capture of the British supply vessels HMS \"Polly\" and HMS \"Industry\" off of the coast of Boston, Massachusetts. Two days later on 7 November, \"Lee\" recaptured the British sloop HMS \"Ranger\" in the Massachusetts Bay. Washington's Marblehead Regiment aboard \"Hancock\" and \"Franklin\" made an unopposed landing at Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island on 17 November 1775. Three days later, they expedited to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13396337",
"score": "0.9714408",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Battle off Fairhaven",
"text": "Battle off Fairhaven The Battle off Fairhaven was the first naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War. It took place on May 14, 1775, in Buzzards Bay off Fairhaven, Massachusetts (formerly known as Dartmouth, Massachusetts) and resulted in Patriot militia retrieving two vessels that had been captured by . The patriots also captured 13 crew of the Royal Navy, the first naval prisoners of the war. On April 19, 1775, the American Revolutionary War began with the Battles of Lexington and Concord in the British Province of Massachusetts Bay. Following the battle, the militia that had mustered to oppose the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18204422",
"score": "0.9709195",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Capture of USS Chesapeake",
"text": "The Capture of USS Chesapeake, or the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed. This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "John Manley (naval officer)",
"text": "of the American Revolutionary War—the British brigantine \"Nancy\" carrying much ordnance and military stores for British troops in Boston that proved invaluable to George Washington’s army. While not the first British vessel to surrender to the continental fleet, the Nancy was perhaps the first capture of significant consequence, leading John Adams to later remark \"I assert that the first American flag was hoisted by John Manley, and the first British flag was struck to him\". Through the end of 1775, Manley captured several additional prizes carrying cargos of food, rum, coal, dry goods, all badly needed by the Continental forces.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4792379",
"score": "0.966151",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Nathaniel Carver",
"text": "Nathaniel Carver Captain Nathaniel Carver (24 September 1740 – 1 May 1815) was a prosperous merchant of British America. Near the end of the American Revolutionary War, he was captured by a British naval frigate, \"HMS Albemarle\", commanded by Horatio Nelson, whom he later assisted in escaping a superior French force. Carver was born on 24 September 1740 in Plymouth in the then-British Province of Massachusetts Bay. He played an active part in town affairs and served on many juries and committees. Nelson was patrolling the bay now known as Massachusetts Bay, when on 14 July 1782, he stumbled upon",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15273748",
"score": "0.96555805",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Capture of USS Hancock",
"text": "Capture of USS Hancock The American frigate was captured by the British Royal Navy in a 1777 naval battle during the American Revolutionary War. The two highest ranking naval officers of the war battled each other off the coast of Nova Scotia. (44 guns), under the command of British Admiral George Collier, captured USS \"Hancock\" (34 guns), under the command of Captain John Manley. During the American Revolutionary War, Americans regularly attacked Nova Scotia by land and sea. American privateers devastated the maritime economy by raiding many of the coastal communities, such as the numerous raids on Liverpool and on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20658417",
"score": "0.9586253",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "USS Cabot (1775)",
"text": "a hand grenade at the feet of the British officer, who at that point was still waiting for a reply from the American vessel. USS Cabot (1775) The first USS \"Cabot\" of the United States was a 14-gun brig, one of the first ships of the Continental Navy, and the first to be captured in the American Revolutionary War in the Battle off Yarmouth (1777). The brig was purchased in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during November 1775, outfitted there by Wharton and Humphreys, and placed under the command of Captain J. B. Hopkins. Sailing with Commodore Esek Hopkins' fleet, \"Cabot\" joined in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2501212",
"score": "0.9564273",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "USS Boston (1777)",
"text": "USS Boston (1777) The second USS \"Boston\" was a 24-gun frigate, launched 3 June 1776 by Stephen and Ralph Cross, Newburyport, Massachusetts, and completed the following year. In American service she captured a number of British vessels. The British captured \"Boston\" at the fall of Charleston, South Carolina, renamed her HMS \"Charlestown\" (or \"Charles Town\"), and took her into service. She was engaged in one major fight with two French frigates, which she survived and which saved the convoy she was protecting. The British sold \"Charlestown\" in 1783, immediately after the end of the war. \"Boston\" was commissioned under the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1658943",
"score": "0.95127845",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Jeremiah O'Brien",
"text": "Jeremiah O'Brien Captain Jeremiah O’Brien (1744–1818) was a captain in the Massachusetts State Navy. Prior to its existence (or that of the Continental Navy), he commanded the sloop \"Unity\" when he captured the British armed schooner HMS \"Margaretta\" in the Battle of Machias, the first naval battle of the American Revolutionary War. He also led the first American attack on Nova Scotia in the Raid on St. John (1775). O'Brien has been the name of six United States ships in honor of Jeremiah O'Brien (1744–1818): USS O'Brien (TB-30), a torpedo boat, built in 1900 and served until 1909. USS O'Brien",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4693045",
"score": "0.9511751",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "USS Yankee Hero",
"text": "is probably incorrect since the British did not have possession of her until almost three months later. USS Yankee Hero The Yankee Hero was an American Sloop-of-War commissioned in Massachusetts colony on January 13, 1776, for use by the new Continental Navy. It was under the command of Captain James Tracy until it was captured by the British on June 7, 1776. Captain Tracy and a small crew left Newburyport for Boston to take on a full crew for a six-month patrol. As the ship rounded Cape Ann, they spotted another sail. As the Yankee Hero was short-handed, Tracy decided",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16886053",
"score": "0.95114726",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Battle of Delaware Bay",
"text": "Battle of Delaware Bay The Battle of Delaware Bay, or the Battle of Cape May, was a naval engagement fought between the Kingdom of Great Britain and United States during the American Revolutionary War. A British squadron of three vessels attacked three American privateers, that were escorting a fleet of merchantmen. The ensuing combat in Delaware Bay, near Cape May, ended with an American victory over a superior British force. Twenty-three-year-old Lieutenant Joshua Barney of the Continental Navy commanded the privateer sloop \"Hyder Ally\" during the battles. She was owned by Pennsylvania business man, John Willcocks and was issued a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14272137",
"score": "0.9510125",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "USS Raleigh (1776)",
"text": "The battle was over. All three ships had been damaged, \"Unicorn\" particularly so. Of the Americans ashore, a few were captured on the island, but the remainder, including Barry, made it back to Boston, Massachusetts, arriving on October 7. The British refloated \"Raleigh\" at high tide on the 28th, and after repairs, commissioned her into the Royal Navy as HBMS \"Raleigh\". They admired her design, and applied it in their new ships. She continued to fight during the War for Independence as a British vessel and took part in the capture of Charleston, SC. In May 1780, she was decommissioned",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3729633",
"score": "0.95041704",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Capture of USS Hancock",
"text": "\"Iris\". Manley was imprisoned for months and then released. American privateers remained a threat to Nova Scotian ports for the rest of the war. For example, after a failed attempt to raid Chester, Nova Scotia, American privateers struck again in the Raid on Lunenburg in 1782. Capture of USS Hancock The American frigate was captured by the British Royal Navy in a 1777 naval battle during the American Revolutionary War. The two highest ranking naval officers of the war battled each other off the coast of Nova Scotia. (44 guns), under the command of British Admiral George Collier, captured USS",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20658421",
"score": "0.9500904",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "USS Warren (1775)",
"text": "the command of Captain Winborn Adams, the armed schooner sailed from Beverly on 31 October 1775, on her maiden voyage under Continental colors. \"Warren\" cruised north of Cape Ann, Massachusetts, and captured a small wooden schooner before bagging a Boston-bound supply ship, the schooner \"Rainbow\", around 27 November 1775. \"Warren\" continued to cruise north of Cape Ann until she came across the brig \"Sally\" on 24 December 1775. Bound from Lisbon, Portugal, to New York City with 153 quarter casks of wine, \"Sally\" had been captured by the fifth-rate HMS \"Niger\" earlier in the month, placed under a prize crew,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12685058",
"score": "0.9498559",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "USS Cabot (1775)",
"text": "USS Cabot (1775) The first USS \"Cabot\" of the United States was a 14-gun brig, one of the first ships of the Continental Navy, and the first to be captured in the American Revolutionary War in the Battle off Yarmouth (1777). The brig was purchased in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, during November 1775, outfitted there by Wharton and Humphreys, and placed under the command of Captain J. B. Hopkins. Sailing with Commodore Esek Hopkins' fleet, \"Cabot\" joined in the expedition against the Bahamas in March 1776, taking part in the amphibious operations against New Providence on 3 March. By this bold stroke,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2501209",
"score": "0.94957244",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "HMS Liberty (1768)",
"text": "on the north end of Goat Island in Newport harbor as one of the first overt American acts of defiance against the British government. HMS Liberty (1768) Liberty was a sloop owned by John Hancock, an American merchant. Seized by customs officials in Boston in 1768, it was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS \"Liberty\", and was burned the next year by American colonists in Newport, Rhode Island in one of the first acts of open defiance against the British crown by American colonists. The ship was originally owned by John Hancock. In 1768, British officials alleged that Bostonians",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13886255",
"score": "0.94892526",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "American colonial marines",
"text": "Mugford of Commodore John Manly's (Continental Navy) squadron, captured the British transport HMS \"Hope\" on 17 May 1775. The ship was stocked with one thousand carbines and 75-ton of gunpowder. On June 16, Washington's Fleet intercepted captured two British troopships, in attempting to reinforce Boston, which the British Army had abandoned prior their arrival. In the Atlantic on 7 June, the frigates \"Hancock\" and \"Boston\", along with their Marines, capture the British frigate HMS \"Fox\". During the Revolutionary War, eleven out of thirteen colonies that had institutionalized a state navy also designated a crew of marines. The state marines served",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13396339",
"score": "0.94891715",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "History of Massachusetts",
"text": "again but in 1779 the disastrous Penobscot Expedition took place in the District of Maine, then part of the Commonwealth. Trapped by the British fleet, the American sailors sank the ships of the Massachusetts state navy before it could be captured by the British. In May 1778, the section of Freetown that later became Fall River was raided by the British, and in September 1778, the communities of Martha's Vineyard and New Bedford were also subjected to a British raid. John Adams was a leader in the independence movement and he helped secure a unanimous vote for independence and on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6748200",
"score": "0.94839346",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "William Day (sea captain)",
"text": "as (according to what he told his 1777 captives) he discovered when he returned from a voyage to the West Indies. Family narratives of William Day (1715-97), whose main home then was far inland at Sheffield, Massachusetts, make no mention of this. After the British troops were driven out of Boston in March 1776, the port became an important centre for activities against British shipping. The business house of Philip Moore & Co. financed a number of privateers, including Day. A 370-ton British merchant vessel, the \"Isaac\" of Liverpool, which had been captured on the way home from the West",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11272555",
"score": "0.9481403",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Massachusetts",
"text": "commissioned as privateers and are credited with capturing or destroying about 600 British ships. Bostonian John Adams, known as the \"Atlas of Independence\", was an important figure in both the struggle for independence as well as the formation of the new United States. Adams was highly involved in the push for separation from Britain and the writing of the Constitution of Massachusetts in 1780 which, in the Elizabeth Freeman and Quock Walker cases, effectively made Massachusetts the first state to have a constitution that declared universal rights and, as interpreted by Supreme Judicial Court Chief Justice William Cushing, abolished slavery.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4789745",
"score": "0.94650567",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Battle of Delaware Bay",
"text": "Christopher Mason, the twenty-four gun sloop-of-war HMS \"General Monk\" under Captain Josias Rogers and a New York privateer brig named \"Fair American\" crewed by American loyalists. \"Fair American\" was the former American privateer \"General Washington\", commanded by Silas Talbot at her capture. At nightfall on April 7, 1782, the American convoy anchored within Cape May due to the wind which had died down to a calm. Later that night, the British in HMS \"Quebec\" and \"General Monk\" sighted the enemy fleet and anchored off the cape and made preparations to attack the \"Hyder Ally\", which was considered the most formidable",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14272139",
"score": "0.94642806",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "American colonial marines",
"text": "Nova Scotia and raided Canso Harbor. The marines aboard \"Harrison\", accompanied by \"Harrison\", participated in her fight against three British warships in Boston Harbor on 24 November 1775. Two British frigates captured the patriot ship \"Washington\" on 3 December; amongst the crew, its sailors and marines were taken prisoner. On 27 November 1775, \"Lee\" played their part in capturing a sloop off the New England coast. There after the next several weeks, these marines captured countless enemy British ships off the coast of Boston. A company of Washington's Fleet (along with his \"Marblehead\" Regiment) aboard \"Franklin\", commanded by Captain James",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13396338",
"score": "0.94055223",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "George Little (naval officer)",
"text": "George Little (naval officer) George Little (10 April 1754 in Marshfield, Massachusetts – 22 July 1809 in Weymouth, Massachusetts) was a United States Navy officer. He served in the Massachusetts State Navy during the Revolutionary War and in the United States Navy during the Quasi-War with France. At age 25, Little was appointed first lieutenant of Massachusetts ship \"Protector\" in 1779, and was aboard in 1781 when she fought a running battle with the British ship \"Thames\". In a later engagement, he was captured, imprisoned, but later escaped. He was given command of Massachusetts ship \"Winthrop\" which captured two British",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3526399",
"score": "0.9403142",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Capture of USS Chesapeake",
"long_answer": "The Capture of USS Chesapeake, or the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed. This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Capture of USS Chesapeake, or the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy's frigate HMS Shannon and American frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. The Chesapeake was captured in a brief but intense action in which over 80 men were killed. This was the only frigate action of the war in which there was no preponderance of force on either side.",
"short_answers": [
"USS Chesapeake"
]
}
|
who came up with the initial concept of protons and neutrons
|
[
"Dmitri Ivanenko",
"Werner Heisenberg"
] |
[
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "that of the proton. Rutherford determined that such a zero-charge particle would be difficult to detect by available techniques. By 1921 Rutherford had named the uncharged particle the \"neutron\", while about that same time the word \"proton\" was adopted for the hydrogen nucleus. Neutron was apparently constructed from the Latin root for \"neutral\" and the Greek ending \"-on\" (by imitation of \"electron\" and \"proton\"). References to the word \"neutron\" in connection with the atom can be found in the literature as early as 1899, however. Rutherford and Chadwick immediately began an experimental program to search for the neutron at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668742",
"score": "1.1712881",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Proton",
"text": "number of protons, each element has its own unique atomic number. The word \"proton\" is Greek for \"first\", and this name was given to the hydrogen nucleus by Ernest Rutherford in 1920. In previous years, Rutherford had discovered that the hydrogen nucleus (known to be the lightest nucleus) could be extracted from the nuclei of nitrogen by atomic collisions. Protons were therefore a candidate to be a fundamental particle, and hence a building block of nitrogen and all other heavier atomic nuclei. In the modern Standard Model of particle physics, protons are hadrons, and like neutrons, the other nucleon (particles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "313183",
"score": "1.1650708",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Neutron",
"text": "Latin root for \"neutralis\" (neuter) and the Greek suffix \"-on\" (a suffix used in the names of subatomic particles, i.e. \"electron\" and \"proton\"). References to the word \"neutron\" in connection with the atom can be found in the literature as early as 1899, however. Throughout the 1920s, physicists assumed that the atomic nucleus was composed of protons and \"nuclear electrons\" but there were obvious problems. It was difficult to reconcile the proton–electron model for nuclei with the Heisenberg uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics. The Klein paradox, discovered by Oskar Klein in 1928, presented further quantum mechanical objections to the notion",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "291376",
"score": "1.1562399",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Chemistry: A Volatile History",
"text": "only one – had gained a proton and become a nucleus of oxygen. Rutherford's work gave hope to scientists trying to create new elements, but one final discovery about the atom was necessary. In 1932 the Cambridge scientist James Chadwick discovered the neutron – electrically neutral particles which also sit inside the nucleus along with the protons. Now in Italy, Enrico Fermi – nicknamed ‘the pope’ by his colleagues for his infallibility, realised the potential of the newly discovered neutron in the search for elements heavier than uranium. Until now, scientists had been bombarding uranium with alpha particles in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15136008",
"score": "1.1407378",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Ernest Rutherford",
"text": "from the nucleus that was lighter. Thus, confirming and extending the work of Wilhelm Wien who in 1898 discovered the proton in streams of ionized gas, Rutherford postulated the hydrogen nucleus to be a new particle in 1920, which he dubbed the \"proton\". In 1921, while working with Niels Bohr (who postulated that electrons moved in specific orbits), Rutherford theorized about the existence of neutrons, (which he had christened in his 1920 Bakerian Lecture), which could somehow compensate for the repelling effect of the positive charges of protons by causing an attractive nuclear force and thus keep the nuclei from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "125685",
"score": "1.1381541",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "number had been identified as the charge on the nucleus. Throughout the 1920s, the nucleus was viewed as composed of combinations of protons and electrons, the two elementary particles known at the time, but that model presented several experimental and theoretical contradictions. The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton. The uncharged neutron was immediately exploited as a new means to probe nuclear structure, leading to such discoveries as the creation of new radioactive",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668725",
"score": "1.1366987",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Atom",
"text": "different isotopes awaited the discovery of the neutron, an uncharged particle with a mass similar to the proton, by the physicist James Chadwick in 1932. Isotopes were then explained as elements with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons within the nucleus. In 1938, the German chemist Otto Hahn, a student of Rutherford, directed neutrons onto uranium atoms expecting to get transuranium elements. Instead, his chemical experiments showed barium as a product. A year later, Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Frisch verified that Hahn's result were the first experimental \"nuclear fission\". In 1944, Hahn received the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10456",
"score": "1.1288149",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Nuclear fission",
"text": "English physicist James Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932, Enrico Fermi and his colleagues in Rome studied the results of bombarding uranium with neutrons in 1934. Fermi concluded that his experiments had created new elements with 93 and 94 protons, which the group dubbed ausonium and hesperium. However, not all were convinced by Fermi's analysis of his results, though he would win the 1938 Nobel Prize in Physics for his \"demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\". The German chemist Ida Noddack",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "295477",
"score": "1.127013",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Maria Goeppert Mayer",
"text": "and protons tend to couple together. She described the idea as follows: Three German scientists, Otto Haxel, J. Hans D. Jensen, and Hans Suess, were also working on solving the same problem, and arrived at the same conclusion independently. While their results were announced in an issue of the Physical Review before Goeppert Mayer in June 1949, Goeppert Mayer's work was received for review in February 1949, while the work of the German authors was received later in April 1949. Afterwards, she collaborated with them. Hans Jensen co-authored a book with Goeppert Mayer in 1950 titled \"Elementary Theory of Nuclear",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1264709",
"score": "1.1210454",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "Given the problems of the proton–electron model, it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a \"major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,\" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular,",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Neutron",
"text": "physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century, leading ultimately to the atomic bomb in 1945. In the 1911 Rutherford model, the atom consisted of a small positively charged massive nucleus surrounded by a much larger cloud of negatively charged electrons. In 1920, Rutherford suggested that the nucleus consisted of positive protons and neutrally-charged particles, suggested to be a proton and an electron bound in some way. Electrons were assumed to reside within the nucleus because it was known that beta radiation consisted of electrons emitted from the nucleus. Rutherford called these uncharged particles \"neutrons\", by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "291375",
"score": "1.1186405",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Proton",
"text": "nuclei are composed of two or more protons and various numbers of neutrons. The concept of a hydrogen-like particle as a constituent of other atoms was developed over a long period. As early as 1815, William Prout proposed that all atoms are composed of hydrogen atoms (which he called \"protyles\"), based on a simplistic interpretation of early values of atomic weights (see Prout's hypothesis), which was disproved when more accurate values were measured. In 1886, Eugen Goldstein discovered canal rays (also known as anode rays) and showed that they were positively charged particles (ions) produced from gases. However, since particles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "313188",
"score": "1.1106982",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Nuclear reactor",
"text": "electricity. The neutron was discovered in 1932 by British physicist James Chadwick. The concept of a nuclear chain reaction brought about by nuclear reactions mediated by neutrons was first realized shortly thereafter, by Hungarian scientist Leó Szilárd, in 1933. He filed a patent for his idea of a simple reactor the following year while working at the Admiralty in London. However, Szilárd's idea did not incorporate the idea of nuclear fission as a neutron source, since that process was not yet discovered. Szilárd's ideas for nuclear reactors using neutron-mediated nuclear chain reactions in light elements proved unworkable. Inspiration for a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "296903",
"score": "1.1103599",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Proton",
"text": "hypothesis that hydrogen was the building block of all elements. Discovery that the hydrogen nucleus is present in all other nuclei as an elementary particle led Rutherford to give the hydrogen nucleus a special name as a particle, since he suspected that hydrogen, the lightest element, contained only one of these particles. He named this new fundamental building block of the nucleus the \"proton,\" after the neuter singular of the Greek word for \"first\", πρῶτον. However, Rutherford also had in mind the word \"protyle\" as used by Prout. Rutherford spoke at the British Association for the Advancement of Science at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "313192",
"score": "1.1070884",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "elements by neutron irradiation (1934) and the fission of uranium atoms by neutrons (1938). The discovery of fission led to the creation of both nuclear power and weapons by the end of World War II. Both the proton and neutron were presumed to be elementary particles until the 1960s when they were determined to be composite particles built from quarks. At the start of the 20th century, the vigorous debate as to the existence of atoms had not yet been resolved. Philosophers such as Ernst Mach and Wilhelm Ostwald denied that atoms were real, viewing them as a convenient mathematical",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668726",
"score": "1.1070092",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Ernest Rutherford",
"text": "flying apart from the repulsion between protons. The only alternative to neutrons was the existence of \"nuclear electrons\" which would counteract some of the proton charges in the nucleus, since by then it was known that nuclei had about twice the mass that could be accounted for if they were simply assembled from hydrogen nuclei (protons). But how these nuclear electrons could be trapped in the nucleus, was a mystery. Rutherford's theory of neutrons was proved in 1932 by his associate James Chadwick, who recognized neutrons immediately when they were produced by other scientists and later himself, in bombarding beryllium",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "125686",
"score": "1.1031377",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "William Draper Harkins",
"text": "career at the University of Chicago. Harkins correctly predicted the existence of the neutron in 1920 (as a proton-electron complex) and was the first to use the word \"neutron\" in connection with the atomic nucleus. The neutron was detected experimentally by James Chadwick in 1932. In the beginning of the 1930s, Harkins built a cyclotron. From experiments with this, he concluded that the sun might be powered by nuclear fusion. Among other University of Chicago scientists who made use of this cyclotron was Enrico Fermi, who performed neutron diffusion experiments. Since 1978, the magnet yoke of the cyclotron Harkins built",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9530855",
"score": "1.1016624",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Atom",
"text": "bombardment ejects what appeared to be hydrogen nuclei. By 1920 he had accepted that the hydrogen nucleus is a distinct particle within the atom and named it proton. Neutrons have no electrical charge and have a free mass of 1,839 times the mass of the electron, or , the heaviest of the three constituent particles, but it can be reduced by the nuclear binding energy. Neutrons and protons (collectively known as nucleons) have comparable dimensions—on the order of —although the 'surface' of these particles is not sharply defined. The neutron was discovered in 1932 by the English physicist James Chadwick.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10460",
"score": "1.0906578",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "Heisenberg had no explanation for how lightweight electrons could be bound within the nucleus. Heisenberg introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces that bind the nucleons. He considered protons and neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle, i.e., nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers. The proton–neutron model explained the puzzle of dinitrogen. When N was proposed to consist of 3 pairs each of protons and neutrons, with an additional unpaired neutron and proton each contributing a spin of ħ in the same direction for a total spin of 1 ħ, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668755",
"score": "1.0835189",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "by Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964, became known as the quark model. By this model, particles such as the proton and neutron were not elementary, but composed of various configurations of a small number of other truly elementary particles called partons or quarks. The quark model received experimental verification beginning in the late 1960s and finally provided an explanation for the neutron's anomalous magnetic moment. Discovery of the neutron The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Early in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668773",
"score": "1.0809013",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Atom",
"text": "Nobel prize in chemistry. Despite Hahn's efforts, the contributions of Meitner and Frisch were not recognized. In the 1950s, the development of improved particle accelerators and particle detectors allowed scientists to study the impacts of atoms moving at high energies. Neutrons and protons were found to be hadrons, or composites of smaller particles called quarks. The standard model of particle physics was developed that so far has successfully explained the properties of the nucleus in terms of these sub-atomic particles and the forces that govern their interactions. Though the word \"atom\" originally denoted a particle that cannot be cut into",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10457",
"score": "1.0772033",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "show that neutrons interacting with nitrogen nuclei scattered to protons or induced nitrogen to disintegrate to form boron with the emission of an alpha particle. Feather was therefore the first to show that neutrons produce nuclear disintegrations. In Rome, Enrico Fermi bombarded heavier elements with neutrons and found the products to be radioactive. By 1934 Fermi had used neutrons to induce radioactivity in 22 different elements, many of these elements of high atomic number. Noticing that other experiments with neutrons at his laboratory seemed to work better on a wooden table than a marble table, Fermi suspected that the protons",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668766",
"score": "1.076836",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "model became viable. Soon, neutrons were used to naturally explain spin differences in many different nuclides in the same way. If the proton–neutron model for the nucleus resolved many issues, it highlighted the problem of explaining the origins of beta radiation. No existing theory could account for how electrons, or positrons, could emanate from the nucleus. In 1934, Enrico Fermi published his classic paper describing the process of beta decay, in which the neutron decays to a proton by \"creating\" an electron and a (as yet undiscovered) neutrino. The paper employed the analogy that photons, or electromagnetic radiation, were similarly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668756",
"score": "1.0746757",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "History of subatomic physics",
"text": "the mostly empty volume of atoms. In 1918, Rutherford confirmed that the hydrogen nucleus was a particle with a positive charge, which he named the proton. By then, Frederick Soddy's researches of radioactive elements, and experiments of J. J. Thomson and F.W. Aston conclusively demonstrated existence of isotopes, whose nuclei have different masses in spite of identical atomic numbers. It prompted Rutherford to conjecture that all nuclei other than hydrogen contain chargeless particles, which he named the neutron. Evidences that atomic nuclei consist of some smaller particles (now called \"nucleons\") grew; it became obvious that, while protons repulse each other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17777239",
"score": "1.0742887",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "History of chemistry",
"text": "be interpreted as wave or particle models. His hypothesis was that an incoming particle would strike the nucleus and create an excited compound nucleus. This formed the basis of his liquid drop model and later provided a theory base for the explanation of nuclear fission. In 1913, Henry Moseley, working from Van den Broek's earlier idea, introduces concept of atomic number to fix inadequacies of Mendeleev's periodic table, which had been based on atomic weight. The peak of Frederick Soddy's career in radiochemistry was in 1913 with his formulation of the concept of isotopes, which stated that certain elements exist",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4465591",
"score": "1.0728691",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Chemistry",
"text": "J.J. Thomson of Cambridge University discovered the electron and soon after the French scientist Becquerel as well as the couple Pierre and Marie Curie investigated the phenomenon of radioactivity. In a series of pioneering scattering experiments Ernest Rutherford at the University of Manchester discovered the internal structure of the atom and the existence of the proton, classified and explained the different types of radioactivity and successfully transmuted the first element by bombarding nitrogen with alpha particles. His work on atomic structure was improved on by his students, the Danish physicist Niels Bohr and Henry Moseley. The electronic theory of chemical",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "61394",
"score": "1.0701172",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "topic of discussion at the 7th Solvay Conference held in October 1933, attended by Heisenberg, Niels Bohr, Lise Meitner, Ernest Lawrence, Fermi, Chadwick, and others. As posed by Chadwick in his Bakerian Lecture in 1933, the primary question was the mass of the neutron relative to the proton. If the neutron's mass was less than the combined masses of a proton and an electron (), then the neutron could be a proton-electron composite because of the mass defect from the binding energy. If greater than the combined masses, then the neutron was elementary like the proton. The question was challenging",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668759",
"score": "1.069573",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Neutrino",
"text": "particle in the process of beta decay. James Chadwick discovered a much more massive neutral nuclear particle in 1932 and named it a neutron also, leaving two kinds of particles with the same name. Earlier (in 1930) Pauli had used the term \"neutron\" for both the neutral particle that conserved energy in beta decay, and a presumed neutral particle in the nucleus; initially he did not consider these two neutral particles as distinct from each other. The word \"neutrino\" entered the scientific vocabulary through Enrico Fermi, who used it during a conference in Paris in July 1932 and at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "302981",
"score": "1.0666687",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "new that when it was first submitted to the journal Nature in 1933 it was rejected as being too speculative. The question of whether the neutron was a composite particle of a proton and an electron persisted for a few years after its discovery. In 1932 Harrie Massey explored a model for a composite neutron to account for its great penetrating power through matter and its electrical neutrality, for example. The issue was a legacy of the prevailing view from the 1920s that the only elementary particles were the proton and electron. The nature of the neutron was a primary",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668758",
"score": "1.064456",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. The experiments continued throughout the 1920s without success. Rutherford's conjecture was not widely accepted. In his 1931 textbook on the \"Constitution of Atomic Nuclei and Radioactivity\", George Gamow, then at the Institute for Theoretical Physics in Copenhagen, did not mention the neutron. At the time of their 1932 measurements in Paris that would lead to the discovery of the neutron, Irène Joliot-Curie and Frédéric Joliot were unaware of the conjecture. Throughout the 1920s, physicists assumed that the atomic nucleus was composed of protons and \"nuclear electrons\". Under this hypothesis, the nitrogen-14 (N) nucleus would be composed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668743",
"score": "1.0640068",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
}
] |
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"long_answer": "Given the problems of the proton–electron model, it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a \"major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,\" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular, Heisenberg assumed the neutron was a proton–electron composite, for which there is no quantum mechanical explanation. Heisenberg had no explanation for how lightweight electrons could be bound within the nucleus. Heisenberg introduced the first theory of nuclear exchange forces that bind the nucleons. He considered protons and neutrons to be different quantum states of the same particle, i.e., nucleons distinguished by the value of their nuclear isospin quantum numbers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Given the problems of the proton–electron model, it was quickly accepted that the atomic nucleus is composed of protons and neutrons, although the precise nature of the neutron was initially unclear. Within months after the discovery of the neutron, Werner Heisenberg and Dmitri Ivanenko had proposed proton–neutron models for the nucleus. Heisenberg's landmark papers approached the description of protons and neutrons in the nucleus through quantum mechanics. While Heisenberg's theory for protons and neutrons in the nucleus was a \"major step toward understanding the nucleus as a quantum mechanical system,\" he still assumed the presence of nuclear electrons. In particular,",
"short_answers": [
"Dmitri Ivanenko",
"Werner Heisenberg"
]
}
|
when does the regular season start in mlb
|
[
"March 29, 2018"
] |
[
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "Major League Baseball schedule The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL), played over approximately six months—a total of 2,430 games, plus the postseason. The regular season runs from late March/early April to late September/early October, followed by the postseason which can run to early November. The season begins with the official Opening Day, and, as of 2018, runs 26½ weeks through the last Sunday of September or first Sunday of October. One or more International Opener games may be scheduled outside",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5759797",
"score": "1.214022",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "2019 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "opponent for a total of 76 games, and six or seven games against each team from the other two divisions for a total of 66 games. The primary inter-league match-ups are to be AL East vs NL West, AL Central vs NL East and AL West vs NL Central. The International season will begin on March 20 and 21 with the Oakland Athletics and the Seattle Mariners being played in Tokyo, Japan, at the Tokyo Dome. Excluding international openers, March 28 will be the earliest Opening Day in history. The previous earliest was March 29 of the 2018 season. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20822467",
"score": "1.1542993",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Opening Day",
"text": "its teams open the 2011 season on a Thursday (March 31) or Friday (April 1) rather than the traditional Monday, in order to prevent the World Series from extending into November. Similarly, most teams opened the 2012 season on Thursday (April 5) or Friday (April 6). However, subsequent seasons through 2017 returned to Monday openers for most teams. For the 2018 season, all 30 teams were scheduled to open the season on Thursday, March 29 (the earliest domestic start for a regular season in MLB history, and the first time since 1968 that all major league teams were scheduled to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7393737",
"score": "1.1499103",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball",
"text": "blue letters across the front of the jersey. When the regular season ends after the first Sunday in October (or the last Sunday in September), ten teams enter the postseason playoffs. These ten teams consist of six teams that are division champions by earning the best regular season overall win-loss record for their respective divisions, and four who are \"wild-card\" teams that are each one of two teams in their respective leagues who have earned the best regular season win-loss record, but are not division champions. Four rounds of series of games are played to determine the champion: Within each",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "496072",
"score": "1.1311557",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "In some markets, Saturday night start an hour earlier than usual night start times, but other cities start Saturday night games at the same time as weeknight games. In conclusion, weekday games are only played at night except for getaway days while many weekend games are played during the day. The initial pitch typically occurs 5 or 10 minutes after the hour, in order to allow time for pre-game ceremonies. Major League Baseball schedule The Major League Baseball (MLB) season schedule consists of 162 games for each of the 30 teams in the American League (AL) and National League (NL),",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5759817",
"score": "1.128099",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "the United States before the official Opening Day. It is possible for a given team to play a maximum of 20 games in the postseason in a given year, provided the team is a wild card and advances to each of the Division Series, Championship Series, and World Series with each series going the distance (5 games in the Division Series, 7 games each in the League Championship Series/World Series). The regular season is constructed from series. Due to travel concerns and the sheer number of games, pairs of teams are never scheduled to play single games against each other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5759798",
"score": "1.1272969",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "2019 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "the American League Division Series. Fox and FS1 will televise the American League Championship Series. The World Series will air exclusively on Fox for the 20th consecutive year. 2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20822475",
"score": "1.1238105",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "2016 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2016 Major League Baseball season The 2016 Major League Baseball season began on April 3, 2016 with a Sunday afternoon matchup between the St. Louis Cardinals and the Pittsburgh Pirates, the two teams with the best regular season records in 2015, at PNC Park in Pittsburgh. The regular season ended on Sunday, October 2, 2016, and the postseason on Wednesday, November 2, 2016, with the Chicago Cubs coming back from a three games to one deficit to defeat the Cleveland Indians in the World Series and win their first championship since 1908. The Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim shorten their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19008064",
"score": "1.1223944",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "2019 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2019 Major League Baseball season The 2019 Major League Baseball season will begin on March 20 and is scheduled to end on September 29. The postseason will begin on October 1. The World Series is set to begin on October 22 and a potential Game 7 will be played on October 30 if necessary. The entire schedule was released on August 22, 2018. The 90th Major League Baseball All-Star Game will be held on July 9 at Progressive Field, home of the Cleveland Indians. As has been the case since 2013, teams were scheduled to play 19 against each division",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20822466",
"score": "1.108248",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "(except in the instance of making up a postponed game); instead they play games on several consecutive days in the same ballpark. Most often the series are of three or four games, but two-game series are also scheduled. Teams play one mid-week series and one weekend series per week. Depending on the length of the series, mid-week series games are usually scheduled between Monday and Thursday, while weekend games are scheduled between Thursday and Monday. Beginning in 2018, teams start and end their season on a weekend for a total of 26½ weeks. Due to the mid-week all-star break in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5759799",
"score": "1.1078646",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "to play Opening Day, March 29 – the earliest domestic start of a regular season in league history until the 2019 season. The Sunday night game before the All-Star Game was replaced by a single, nationally-televised game on the Thursday after the All-Star Game (which for 2018, was played between the St. Louis Cardinals and Chicago Cubs), before all other teams returned from break the next day. The Minnesota Twins and the Cleveland Indians played a two-game series at Hiram Bithorn Stadium in San Juan, Puerto Rico, on April 17 and 18, while the Los Angeles Dodgers and San Diego",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20282490",
"score": "1.1067576",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball",
"text": "typically begins on the first Sunday in April and ends on the first Sunday in October. Each team's schedule is typically organized into three-game series, with occasional two- or four-game series. Postponed games or continuations of suspended games can result in an ad hoc one-game or five-game series. A team's series are organized into homestands and road trips that group multiple series together. Teams generally play games five to seven days per week, commonly having Monday or Thursday as an off day. Frequently, games are scheduled at night. Sunday games are generally played during the afternoon, allowing teams to travel",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "496063",
"score": "1.1064981",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "October",
"text": "about two weeks later starts the regular season, the National Hockey League is about one month into its regular season, the National Football League is about halfway through its regular season, and Major League Baseball is in its postseason with the League Championship Series and World Series. There have been 19 occasions in which all four leagues have played games on the same day (an occurrence popularly termed a \"sports equinox\"), with the most recent of these taking place on October 28, 2018. Additionally, the Canadian Football League is typically nearing the end of its regular season during this period,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "305883",
"score": "1.0984088",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball",
"text": "season, teams compete for one of the five playoff berths in their league. They can win one of these berths by either winning their division, or by capturing a wild card spot. After the conclusion of the 162-game season, an additional tie-breaking game (or games) may be needed to determine postseason participation. In early-to-mid July, just after the midway point of the season, the Major League Baseball All-Star Game is held during a four-day break from the regular-season schedule. The All-Star Game features a team of players from the American League (AL)—led by the manager of the previous AL World",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "496067",
"score": "1.0963333",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "2013 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2013 Major League Baseball season The 2013 Major League Baseball season started on March 31 with a Sunday night game between the Texas Rangers and the Houston Astros. Opening Day for most clubs was a day later on April 1. The regular season ended on September 30, extended one day for a one-game playoff between the Tampa Bay Rays and the Texas Rangers to decide the second American League Wild Card winner. The 2013 season was the first with the Houston Astros as a member of the American League (AL) in the West Division. This marks the first growth in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16788173",
"score": "1.0887451",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "One-game playoff",
"text": "the four-man crews of the regular season). Also, television broadcasting rights for all are negotiated by MLB - since 2012, the network owning the rights to the Wild Card Game for a particular league has also had the rights to any tiebreaker(s) that might occur in that league. Current MLB scheduling practices stipulate a break of at least one day between the scheduled end of the regular season and the start of the postseason. The schedule is designed to maximize the probability that tiebreakers can take place on the day after the scheduled end of the regular season with no",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8640465",
"score": "1.0848637",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "International League",
"text": "North Division, South Division, and West Division. The North Division consists of six teams, while the South and West Divisions each have four teams. The teams are slated to play 140 games in 2018, reduced from 142 in 2017 and 144 during the years 1998-2016. The season typically begins during the first week of April and concludes on Labor Day. The league plays by the same rules listed in the \"Official Baseball Rules\" published by Major League Baseball. At the end of each season, the three divisional leaders and a wild card team square off in best-of-five series playoffs to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7545403",
"score": "1.0829085",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "different from previous years. The 20 interleague games each team will play will consist of two three-game series (one home, one away) against its natural rival (total of six games), two two-game series (one home, one away) against each team for two other opponents (total of eight games), and a single three-game series against each team for the last two (one home, one away; total of six games). Under the new collective bargaining agreement reached in December 2016, the regular season was extended to 187 days in order to add four additional off-days for all teams. All teams were scheduled",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20282489",
"score": "1.0804757",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "2012 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2012 Major League Baseball season The 2012 Major League Baseball season began on March 28 with the first of a two-game series between the Seattle Mariners and the Oakland Athletics at the Tokyo Dome in Japan. On November 22, 2011, a new contract between Major League Baseball and its players union was ratified, and as a result, an expanded playoff format adding two clubs will be adopted no later than 2013 according to the new Collective Bargaining Agreement. The new format was finalized for the 2012 season on March 2, 2012, and will use the 2–3 game schedule format for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15108345",
"score": "1.0792594",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Major League Baseball schedule",
"text": "for those who are participating in the Home Run Derby. A single, nationally televised afternoon game will be played the following Thursday, with all other teams returning to play on Friday. Start of Major League Baseball games depends on days of the week, game number in series, holidays, and other factors. Most games start at 7pm in the local time zone, so there are more night games than day games even though baseball is traditionally played during the day. The reason why there are more night baseball games is to attract more fans to ballparks as well as viewers from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5759815",
"score": "1.0738473",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "2017 British baseball season",
"text": "Season will consist of ten rounds from 7 May to 6 August. 2017 British baseball season The 2017 season will be the 88th season of competitive baseball in the United Kingdom. The season will begin on 2 April 2017 and run until early September. The NBL will consist of 30 games spread from 2 April to 27 August, with the National Championship series played in September Updated through 30 July. The Triple-A season will consist of 22 games played from 23 April to 20 August, with the playoffs in September. Updated through 30 July Updated 30 July Pool A Updated",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20002021",
"score": "1.0691911",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "2017 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2017 Major League Baseball season The 2017 Major League Baseball season began on April 2, 2017 with three games, including the 2016 World Series champions Chicago Cubs facing off against the St. Louis Cardinals, and ended on October 1. The postseason began on October 3. The 2017 World Series began October 24 and Game 7 was played on November 1, in which the Houston Astros defeated the Los Angeles Dodgers, 5–1, to capture their first World Series championship in franchise history. The 88th Major League Baseball All-Star Game was held on July 11 at Marlins Park, the home of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19720527",
"score": "1.0637417",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "2011 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "2011 Major League Baseball season The 2011 Major League Baseball season began on Thursday, March 31, and ended on Wednesday, September 28. This marked the first time a season began on a Thursday since 1976, and the first time a regular season ended on a Wednesday since 1990. The 82nd edition of the Major League Baseball All-Star Game was played at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona, on July 12 with the National League defeating the American League for the second straight year, by a score of 5–1. As has been the case since 2003, the league winning that game has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14696279",
"score": "1.0629063",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Opening Day",
"text": "start the season on the same day, although two games were subsequently rained out and postponed to Friday, March 30). Opening Day Opening Day is the day on which professional baseball leagues begin their regular season. For Major League Baseball and most of the minor leagues, this day typically falls during the first week of April. For baseball fans, Opening Day serves as a symbol of rebirth; writer Thomas Boswell once penned a book titled, \"Why Time Begins on Opening Day\". Many feel that the occasion represents a newness or a chance to forget last season, in that all 30",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7393738",
"score": "1.0618892",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "2012 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "the Division Series for the 2012 season only. The restriction against divisional rivals playing against each other in the Division Series round that had existed in previous years was eliminated, as the Baltimore Orioles and New York Yankees squared off in one of the best-of-5 LDS series in the American League. The stateside portion of the regular season started April 4 in Miami with the opening of the new Marlins Park, as the newly renamed Miami Marlins hosted the defending World Series champion St. Louis Cardinals. The regular season ended on Wednesday, October 3. The entire master schedule was released",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15108346",
"score": "1.0618539",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "2015 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "were scheduled to start simultaneously at 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time, reminiscent of the English Premier League's last-day \"Survival Sunday\" scheduling. MLB hoped that this would add excitement and drama during the final day, and also limit teams' ability to rest starters at the last minute based on early game results. At the end of the 2014 season, the following teams made replacements to their managers. The New York Mets changed their home jersey from a cream shade to white and took away the home white alternate jersey. The Minnesota Twins took away the pinstripes from their home jersey and added",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18268602",
"score": "1.0600387",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "2012 Major League Baseball season",
"text": "Sunday Game of the Week, the All-Star Selection Show, all but two Division Series games, the American League Championship Series, and the new wild card elimination games. ESPN will show games on Sunday, Monday, and Wednesday nights (with Monday and Wednesday Night Baseball airing on ESPN2 during April, May and early June due to ESPN's priority to the NBA regular season and playoff coverage, and then Monday Night Baseball moving to form either a Wednesday night doubleheader or a simultaneous airing of a Monday Night game on ESPN and a Wednesday Night game on ESPN2 when the NFL season starts,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15108375",
"score": "1.0569509",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Opening Day",
"text": "sport of baseball, from hundreds of Minor League Baseball franchises to college, high school, and youth leagues in North America and beyond. Since Major League Baseball generally starts their season first among professional leagues, their Opening Day is the one most commonly recognized by the general public. Most of the minor leagues start a few days later, but within the same week; the short season Class A and Rookie leagues are exceptions, since they begin play in June. (College, high school and youth baseball seasons vary widely depending on location and weather conditions.) Opening Day ignores the exhibition games played",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7393723",
"score": "1.0567113",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Opening Day",
"text": "first of 162 regular season games. Teams' home openers serve as the only regular season games during the year in which the entire rosters of both teams as well as coaches and clubhouse staff are introduced to the crowd prior to the games; for the rest of the year, ballparks only introduce the starting lineups (including the designated hitter in American League ballparks) and the team's manager. Some teams, among them the New York Mets, have had their broadcasters as the master of pre-game ceremonies for their home openers, which also typically feature appearances by retired players, local celebrities or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7393728",
"score": "1.0564799",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "2018 Major League Baseball season",
"long_answer": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The 2018 Major League Baseball season began on March 29, 2018, and is scheduled to end on September 30. The postseason will begin on October 2. The 2018 World Series is set to begin on October 23, and a potential Game 7 is scheduled on October 31.",
"short_answers": [
"March 29, 2018"
]
}
|
when is season 4 of flash coming out
|
[
"October 10, 2017",
"on October 10, 2017"
] |
[
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "is produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Todd Helbing serving as showrunner. The season was ordered in April 2018, and production began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, while Hartley Sawyer, Danielle Nicolet, and Jessica Parker Kennedy were promoted to series regulars from their recurring statuses in season four. They are joined by new cast member Chris Klein. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> Danielle Panabaker will direct the eighteenth episode of the season. Rebecca Johnson and Kevin",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651598",
"score": "1.0676817",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "major growth for Iris this season, and noted that \"the season premiere is all about Iris and Cisco, not Barry\". In July 2017, Sterling Gates, DC Comics comic book writer, joined as a member of the fourth season's writing staff. At the Television Critics Association press tour in August 2017, Pedowitz stated that the fourth season of \"The Flash\" is \"going to try to find the lightness... of the Barry Allen of the first two seasons,\" and said that the show was likely \"done with Speedster villains\". Later in the month, Kreisberg confirmed the return of Harry Wells from Earth-2,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056173",
"score": "1.0467374",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "The Flash (season 5) The fifth season of the American television series \"The Flash\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, premiered on The CW on October 9, 2018 and is set to consist of 22 episodes. The season follows Barry, a crime scene investigator with superhuman speed who fights criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities, as he deals with the consequences of his future daughter's time traveling. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"Arrow\". The season",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651597",
"score": "1.0360718",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "Andrew Kreisberg and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2017, and filming began that July. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, with principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Keiynan Lonsdale, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from previous seasons, and are joined by Neil Sandilands. <onlyinclude></onlyinclude> The series was renewed for a fourth season on January 8, 2017, earlier than usual for the series. Executive producer Andrew Kreisberg said on this, \"The great thing about our dear friends at The CW and Mark Pedowitz picking the shows up as early as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056167",
"score": "1.0306996",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "on July 21, 2018 to promote the season. Starting on September 14, 2018, several billboards advertising Ralph Dibny as a private investigator were seen around Vancouver, the city where the show is filmed. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 93% approval rating for the fifth season with an average rating of 7.96/10, based on 132 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"\"The Flash\"s fifth season maintains the show's high standard for compelling visuals, chilling villains, and well-scripted moments of humor, but also turns a more focused gaze on the role of family dynamics amongst the increasingly complex characters.\" Reviewing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651608",
"score": "1.0286102",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "they did has allowed us to start building the schedules for next season.\" In May 2017, it was announced that Aaron Helbing would not return as an executive producer for season four, with only Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, Sarah Schechter, and Todd Helbing returning from previous seasons. Todd Helbing and Kreisberg were slated to serve as the season's showrunners. In November 2017, Kreisberg was suspended from his role as executive producer and showrunner on \"The Flash\" over allegations of sexual harassment. By the end of the month, he had been fired, with his name eventually being removed from the credits",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056168",
"score": "1.0236212",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "Smith will also direct episodes this season. At the Television Critics Association winter press tour in January 2018, The CW president Mark Pedowitz said he was \"optimistic\" and \"confident\" about \"The Flash\" and the other Arrowverse shows returning next season, but added that it was too soon to announce anything just yet. On April 2, The CW renewed the series for its fifth season. Todd Helbing, who had previously served as a co-showrunner for the series' first four seasons, emerged as the series' first sole showrunner following Andrew Kreisberg's firing during the previous season. In October 2017, Kevin Smith revealed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651599",
"score": "1.0199338",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "latest.\" Collider's Allison Keene also noted Iris \"getting an actual storyline\" with Barry gone, and similarly presumed that he \"[would] be back in the fold by the end of the first episode\" alike to Flashpoint in the third season. She added, \"There are some new foes, lots of action, plenty of tech — it's great!\" The season was made available for streaming on Netflix in late May 2018, soon after the season finale aired. It will be released on Blu-ray on August 28, 2018. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 76% approval rating with an average rating of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056185",
"score": "1.0051746",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 2)",
"text": "Television, and DC Entertainment, with Andrew Kreisberg, Gabrielle Stanton, Aaron Helbing, and Todd Helbing serving as showrunners. The season was ordered in January 2015, and filmed from that July to the following April in Vancouver. Grant Gustin stars as Barry, alongside principal cast members Candice Patton, Danielle Panabaker, Carlos Valdes, Tom Cavanagh, and Jesse L. Martin also returning from the first season, and are joined by Keiynan Lonsdale. This season also introduces characters from \"Legends of Tomorrow\", which was being developed as a spin-off. The first episode of the season premiered on October 6, 2015, with the season, consisting of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19792353",
"score": "0.9984584",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "season also introduces Barry's \"Flash ring\" from the comics. The new suit adopts brighter colors than previous suits – which had maroon overtones – and, unlike prior incarnations, does not have a chin strap. Production for the season began on July 6, 2018, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and is set to conclude on April 10, 2019. Kevin Smith will direct an episode of the season. Danielle Panabaker will make her directorial debut this season. Tom Cavanagh directed the eighth episode of the season, which served as the 100th episode of the series and led into the annual crossover. Due to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651606",
"score": "0.9932629",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "trailer for the season was shown, with James Whitbrook at io9 feeling that despite the \"grim\" tone, there was \"some fun signs of the team coming together to protect the city without [Barry]... Sprinkle in a few wacky things, like, say a goddamn Samuroid ripped straight from the comics, and ladies and gents, you've got a good season of \"The Flash\" lined up.\" Ben Pearson with /Film felt seeing Iris West deal with the absence of Barry was \"a nice change of pace for that character\", but anticipated that \"Barry [would] be back two or three episodes in at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056184",
"score": "0.9822135",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 1)",
"text": "The Flash (season 1) The first season of the American television series \"The Flash\" premiered on The CW on October 7, 2014 and concluded on May 19, 2015 after airing 23 episodes. The series is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds. It is a spin-off from \"Arrow\", existing in the same fictional universe, and was produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros. Television, and DC Entertainment, with Andrew Kreisberg serving as showrunner. The series follows Allen, portrayed by Grant Gustin, a crime scene investigator who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19745608",
"score": "0.9781476",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "black market of metahuman supervillains. Filming for the season began on July 4, 2017, in Vancouver, British Columbia, and concluded on April 21, 2018. Kevin Smith returned to direct an episode in January 2018. In August 2017, series composer Blake Neely and Nathaniel Blume began to compose the music for the fourth season. In May 2017, The CW president Mark Pedowitz officially announced plans for a four-show Arrowverse crossover event, crossing over episodes of the television series \"Supergirl\", \"The Flash\", \"Legends of Tomorrow\", and \"Arrow\". The crossover, \"Crisis on Earth-X\", began with \"Supergirl\" and a special airing of \"Arrow\" on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056181",
"score": "0.9661384",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Flash in film",
"text": "League\" film. On July 20, 2013, \"The Hollywood Reporter\" has reported that the film was rumored to be released in 2016 but it has not been announced. In October 2014, Warner Bros. announced \"The Flash\" would be released in 2018 as the sixth installment of the DC Extended Universe. Ezra Miller was cast to play the title role of Barry Allen. 1A story treatment for the film will be written by Phil Lord and Chris Miller. The studio was courting the duo to also direct, but they declined due to their busy schedule. The studio instead signed Seth Grahame-Smith to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20866858",
"score": "0.96062326",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 1)",
"text": "pilot by The CW executives, who had been impressed by early cuts of Barry's first two episodes on \"Arrow\". This allowed the creative team to flesh out Barry's story and his world on a bigger budget, as opposed to a backdoor pilot's constraint of incorporating characters from the parent show. The pilot was officially ordered on January 29, 2014, and was written by Berlanti, Kreisberg, and Johns, and directed by Nutter. On May 8, 2014, \"The Flash\" was officially picked up as a series, with an initial order of 13 episodes. Three more scripts were ordered in September 2014 following",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19745613",
"score": "0.95594525",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 2)",
"text": "The Flash (season 2) The second season of the American television series \"The Flash\", which is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, sees Barry recognized as a hero in Central City after saving the city, only to face a new threat from a parallel universe in the form of the speedster Zoom, who seeks to eliminate everyone connected to the Speed Force throughout the multiverse. It is set in the Arrowverse, sharing continuity with the other television series of the universe, and is a spin-off of \"Arrow\". The season was produced by Berlanti Productions, Warner Bros.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19792352",
"score": "0.9521692",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "that then-executive producer Andrew Kreisberg already had plans for the next season of the show and had told him the story for \"The Flash\"s fifth season, which got Smith very excited and jokingly commenting, \"I now have to stay alive one more year.\" At San Diego Comic-Con 2018, Todd Helbing revealed that \"legacy\" would be a theme during the season, adding, \"I think everybody's thinking about what it means after they leave.\" On the arrival of Barry and Iris' future daughter, Nora, Grant Gustin teased the different headspaces the characters would be in. \"[Nora]’s kind of attached to [Barry] when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651600",
"score": "0.95202714",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 5)",
"text": "third season. The season establishes that Nora's alias is XS, making her an amalgamation of the XS from DC Comics, Jenni Ognats, and Barry and Iris' daughter in the comics, Dawn Allen. In July, Chris Klein also joined the main cast as Orlin Dwyer / Cicada, the season's main antagonist. In October, it was announced that Martin would take a \"medical leave\" from the series due to a back injury he sustained over the hiatus. The season introduces a new Flash suit, which Todd Helbing described as the series' most \"accurate incarnation\" of the Flash suit from the comics. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20651605",
"score": "0.94961315",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "CBS on March 28, 2016. Intersecting with the events of the eighteenth episode of \"The Flash\", which aired on April 19, 2016, Barry accidentally arrives on Earth-38 and helps Kara battle two of her enemies, Silver Banshee (Italia Ricci) and Livewire (Brit Morgan), before returning home. The Flash (2014 TV series) The Flash is an American superhero television series developed by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, and Geoff Johns, airing on The CW. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds. It is a spin-off",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843427",
"score": "0.9454958",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Nora (The Flash episode)",
"text": "that the episode is a \"encouraging start to season 5\" and complimenting the \"strong bond between Barry and his time-displaced daughter\". However, Schedeen criticized the episode for continuing the show's pattern of failing to effectively juggle the supporting cast and \"putting villains to the best possible use\". Eric Diaz of \"Nerdist\" rated the episode 3.5 out of 5, noting that \"The Flash\" is best when it's about family which this season promises to be and \"this first episode certainly has us intrigued to find out more\". Nora (The Flash episode) \"Nora\" is the first episode of the fifth season, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "21002678",
"score": "0.94201255",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "in the United Kingdom and Ireland on October 28, 2014, and in Australia on December 3, 2014. Regarding Gustin's debut as Barry Allen in \"Arrow\" and the potential for a series, IGN's Jesse Schedeen stated his concern: \"Gustin doesn't come across as leading man material. His awkward bumbling intertwining with Felicity's was cute, but rarely did I get the impression that this character could or should be given his own spinoff series.\" Schedeen eventually warmed up to the character, however, once the \"dorkiness and social awkwardness\" were downplayed a bit and the emphasis was placed on \"his keen scientific mind\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843409",
"score": "0.94177854",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "6.65/10 based on 17 reviews. The website's consensus reads, \"After an unsteady turn in season three, \"The Flash\" returns to its roots with a fourth season packed with humor, spectacle, and a whole lot of heart.\" Reviewing the first two episodes of the season, Allison Keene writing for Collider.com, felt the premiere \"wipes the slate clean, fixing a lot of the issues that plagued the end of the last season, and setting up a much more toned-down storyline. Most importantly, it's brought back some fun.\" She added that with a \"streamlined team,\" the core characters now have time to interact",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056186",
"score": "0.9406142",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 1)",
"text": "Neely. \"The Flash\" was screened at the Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment panel at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2014. The series officially premiered on The CW on October 7, 2014, during the 2014–15 television season and also premiered in Canada on the same night. The second episode was screened at New York Comic Con on October 9, 2014, as a way to repay the viewers that watched the series' premiere episode. The series premiered in the United Kingdom and Ireland on October 28, 2014, and in Australia on December 3, 2014. In April 2015, to celebrate the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19745626",
"score": "0.9388951",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "two-disc soundtrack was released on October 16, 2015. The second season's soundtrack was released digitally on July 22, 2016, and in CD format on July 26, 2016. The sound design for the show is handled by Mark Camperell. The sound effect for Barry is made up of elements of thunder, electricity, jets, fireballs, and various custom whooshes and impacts. Speaking about designing the sound for The Flash's ability, Mark says: \"My approach for the sounds of The Flash's ability was to editorially treat him like a really aggressively driven hot rod. This doesn't mean that I used car sounds for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843407",
"score": "0.9384891",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 1)",
"text": "season three finale of \"Arrow\" and season one finale of \"The Flash\", The CW released a short promo titled \"Superhero Fight Club\". The short features characters from \"Arrow\" and \"The Flash\" battling each other in a hero vs. villain showdown. Characters include Arrow, Flash, Arsenal, Black Canary, Merlyn, Captain Cold, Heat Wave, Firestorm, Ra's al Ghul, Reverse-Flash, and the A.T.O.M. in a cage match fight. The season began streaming on Netflix on October 6, 2015, and was released on Blu-ray and DVD in Region 1 on September 22, 2015. The first season of \"The Flash\" was the fifth most-pirated TV",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19745627",
"score": "0.9366934",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "him, though. What I mean is that when thinking about how to edit his sounds, I thought about it like cutting a car chase.\" \"The Flash\" was screened at the Warner Bros. Television and DC Entertainment panel at San Diego Comic-Con International in July 2014. The series officially premiered on The CW on October 7, 2014, during the 2014–15 television season and also premiered in Canada on the same night. The second episode was screened at New York Comic Con on October 9, 2014, as a way to repay the viewers that watched the series' premiere episode. The series premiered",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843408",
"score": "0.9365357",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "The Flash (2014 TV series) The Flash is an American superhero television series developed by Greg Berlanti, Andrew Kreisberg, and Geoff Johns, airing on The CW. It is based on the DC Comics character Barry Allen / Flash, a costumed superhero crime-fighter with the power to move at superhuman speeds. It is a spin-off from \"Arrow\", existing in the same fictional universe. The series follows Allen, portrayed by Grant Gustin, a crime scene investigator who gains super-human speed, which he uses to fight criminals, including others who have also gained superhuman abilities. Initially envisioned as a backdoor pilot, the positive",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843389",
"score": "0.93605196",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "The Flash (2014 TV series)",
"text": "the parent show. The pilot was officially ordered on January 29, 2014, and was written by Berlanti, Kreisberg, and Johns, and directed by Nutter. On May 8, 2014, \"The Flash\" was officially picked up as a series, with an initial order of 13 episodes. Three more scripts were ordered in September 2014 following a positive response to newly completed episodes by executives, while a back ten was ordered the next month for a full 23-episode season. With the commencement of production on the series' second season, former \"Arrow\" and \"Ugly Betty\" writer Gabrielle Stanton was promoted to executive producer and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17843400",
"score": "0.9359529",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"text": "later revealed to be Ralph Dibny / Elongated Man, a metahuman with the ability to stretch his body to superhuman lengths and sizes. Hartley Sawyer was cast in the recurring role that July as the fast-talking private investigator who after discovering his abilities will help Team Flash solve one of Central City's greatest mysteries. The character was previously mentioned in the first season, as one of the fourteen people who seemingly died as a result of the particle accelerator explosion. The next month, Katee Sackhoff was announced in the recurring role of Amunet Black / Blacksmith, who operates an underground",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20056180",
"score": "0.9357003",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "The Flash (season 4)",
"long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fourth season began airing on October 10, 2017, and is set to run for 23 episodes on The CW until May 22, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"October 10, 2017",
"on October 10, 2017"
]
}
|
role of malonyl coa in fatty acid synthesis
|
[
"chain elongation"
] |
[
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "chromosome 16q24. The gene encodes the enzyme malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. Within cells, this enzyme helps regulate the formation and breakdown of a certain group of fats called fatty acids. Many tissues, including heart muscle, use fatty acids as a major source of energy. Mutations in the \"MLYCD\" gene reduce or eliminate the function of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. A lack of this enzyme disrupts the normal balance of fatty acid formation and breakdown. As a result, fatty acids cannot be converted to energy, which can lead to characteristic features of this disorder, such as low blood sugar and cardiomyopathy. By-products of fatty acid",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7044519",
"score": "1.2433729",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "natural kingdoms there is no scientific evidence to prove it. Malonyl-CoA is an important metabolite in some parts of the cell. In peroxisomes, the accumulation of this substance causes malonic aciduria, a highly pathogenic disease. To avoid it malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) converts malonyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA through the following reaction: In the cytosol, malonyl-CoA can inhibit the entrance of fatty acids into the mitochondria and it can also act as a precursor for the fatty acids synthesis. Malonyl-CoA also plays an important role inside the mitochondria, where it is an intermediary between fatty acids and acetyl-CoA, which will be a reserve",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365443",
"score": "1.212255",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (which can also be called MCD and malonyl-CoA carboxyl-lyase) is found from bacteria to humans, has important roles in regulating fatty acid metabolism and food intake, and it is an attractive target for drug discovery. It is an enzyme associated with Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. In humans, it is encoded by the MLYCD gene. Its main function is to catalyze the conversion of malonyl-CoA into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. It is involved in fatty acid biosynthesis. To some degree, it reverses the action of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase. MCD presents two isoforms which can be transcribed form one gene:",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365435",
"score": "1.2078598",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "for the Krebs cycle. Cytoplasmic MCD is thought to play a role in the regulation of cytoplasmic malonyl-CoA abundance and, therefore, of mitochondrial fatty acid uptake and oxidation. It has been observed that MCD mRNA is most abundant in cardiac and skeletal muscles, tissues in which cytoplasmic malonyl-CoA is a strong inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and which derive significant amounts of energy from fatty acid oxidation. In peroxisomes, it is proposed that this enzyme could be involved in degrading intraperoxisomal malonyl-CoA, which is produced by the peroxisomal beta oxidation of odd chain length dicarboxylic fatty acids (odd chain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365444",
"score": "1.1817904",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency. Some common symptoms in Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency, such as cardiomyopathy and metabolic acidosis, are triggered by the high concentrations of Malonyl-CoA in the cytoplasm. High level of Malonyl-CoA will inhibits β-oxidation of fatty acids through deactivating the carrier of fatty acyl group, CPT1, and thus, blocking fatty acids from going into the mitochondrial matrix for oxidation. A research conducted in Netherlands has suggested that carnitine supplements and a low fat diet may help to reduce the level of malonic acid in our body. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency is caused by mutations in the \"MLYCD\" gene, located on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7044518",
"score": "1.1740656",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "length DFAs). While long and medium chain fatty acids are oxidized mainly in the mitochondria, DFAs are oxidized primarily in peroxisomes, which degrade DFAs completely to malonyl-CoA (in the case of odd chain length DFAs) and oxalyl-CoA (for even chain length DFAs). The peroxisomal form of MCD could function to eliminate this final malonyl-CoA. Malonyl-CoA acts as an intermediary between fatty acids and acetyl-CoA in the mitochondria, where MCD is believed to participate in the elimination of the residual malonyl-CoA, so that acetyl-CoA can enter the Krebs cycle. MCD also plays a role in the regulation of glucose and lipids",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365445",
"score": "1.150785",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Fatty acid synthesis",
"text": "glucose. Regulation Acetyl-CoA is formed into malonyl-CoA by acetyl-CoA carboxylase, at which point malonyl-CoA is destined to feed into the fatty acid synthesis pathway. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase is the point of regulation in saturated straight-chain fatty acid synthesis, and is subject to both phosphorylation and allosteric regulation. Regulation by phosphorylation occurs mostly in mammals, while allosteric regulation occurs in most organisms. Allosteric control occurs as feedback inhibition by palmitoyl-CoA and activation by citrate. When there are high levels of palmitoyl-CoA, the final product of saturated fatty acid synthesis, it allosterically inactivates acetyl-CoA carboxylase to prevent a build-up of fatty acids in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9741127",
"score": "1.1458228",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "acetyl-CoA in peroxisomes. This is due to the fact that the beta oxidation of long chain fatty acids with an odd number of carbons produces propionyl-CoA. Most part of this metabolite is transformed into succinyl-CoA, which is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The major alternative route by which the propionyl-CoA is metabolized is based on its conversion to acrylyl-CoA. After that, it is converted to 3-hydroxy propionic acid and finally to malonic semi-aldehyde. As soon as malonic semi aldehyde is produced, it is indirectly transformed into acetyl-CoA. This conversion has been detected only in bacteria, in the other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365442",
"score": "1.1406494",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase",
"text": "alpha and beta subunits. The enzyme complex therefore consists of six functional centers for fatty acid synthesis. The enzyme catalyzes the reaction: Acetyl-CoA + n malonyl-CoA + 4n NADPH + 4n H formula_1 long-chain-acyl-CoA + n CoA + n CO + 4n NADP The 4 substrates of this enzyme are acetyl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, NADPH, and H, whereas its 4 products are Acyl-CoA, CoA, CO, and NADP. More specifically, the FAS catalysis mechanism consumes an acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) and seven malonyl-CoA molecules to produce a Palmitoyl-CoA. Synthesis of fatty acids is generally performed by fatty acid synthase (FAS). Though the syntheses of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11251389",
"score": "1.1213468",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA",
"text": "It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Fatty acid synthesis",
"text": "or heat-stable factors (HSF) present. All of these factors may affect chain length, and HSFs have been demonstrated to alter the specificity of BCKA decarboxylase for a particular α-keto acid substrate, thus shifting the ratio of branched-chain fatty acids produced. An increase in malonyl-CoA concentration has been shown to result in a larger proportion of C17 fatty acids produced, up until the optimal concentration (≈20μM) of malonyl-CoA is reached. Decreased temperatures also tend to shift the fatty-acid distribution slightly toward C17 fatty-acids in \"Bacillus\" species. This system functions similarly to the branch-chain fatty acid synthesizing system, however it uses short-chain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9741139",
"score": "1.115859",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Carnitine palmitoyltransferase I",
"text": "malonyl-CoA inhibition than CPT1A. This inhibition is a good target for future attempts to regulate CPT1 for the treatment of metabolic disorders. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), the enzyme that catalyzes the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, is important in the regulation of fatty acid metabolism. Scientists have demonstrated that ACC2 knockout mice have reduced body fat and weight when compared to wild type mice. This is a result of decreased activity of ACC which causes a subsequent decrease in malonyl-CoA concentrations. These decreased malonyl-CoA levels in turn prevent inhibition of CPT1, causing an ultimate increase in fatty acid oxidation. Since heart",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10082174",
"score": "1.0941348",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Malonic acid",
"text": "been produced through fermentation of glucose. In a well-known reaction, malonic acid condenses with urea to form barbituric acid. Malonic acid is also frequently used as an enolate in Knoevenagel condensations or condensed with acetone to form Meldrum's acid. The esters of malonic acid are also used as a CHCOOH synthon in the malonic ester synthesis. Additionally, the coenzyme A derivative of malonate, malonyl-CoA, is an important precursor in fatty acid biosynthesis along with acetyl CoA. Malonyl CoA is formed from acetyl CoA by the action of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and the malonate is transferred to an acyl carrier protein to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2917961",
"score": "1.0930418",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency (MCD), or Malonic aciduria is an autosomal-recessive metabolic disorder caused by a genetic mutation that disrupts the activity of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. This enzyme breaks down Malonyl-CoA (a fatty acid precursor and a fatty acid oxidation blocker) into Acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. The signs and symptoms of this disorder typically appear in early childhood. Almost all affected children have delayed development. Additional signs and symptoms can include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, diarrhea, vomiting, and low blood sugar (hypoglycemia). A heart condition called cardiomyopathy, which weakens and enlarges the heart muscle, is another common feature",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7044517",
"score": "1.0895256",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "have also hypothesized that it is the MCD deficiency induced inhibition of peroxisomal β-oxidation that contributes to the development delay. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency (MCD), or Malonic aciduria is an autosomal-recessive metabolic disorder caused by a genetic mutation that disrupts the activity of Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase. This enzyme breaks down Malonyl-CoA (a fatty acid precursor and a fatty acid oxidation blocker) into Acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide. The signs and symptoms of this disorder typically appear in early childhood. Almost all affected children have delayed development. Additional signs and symptoms can include weak muscle tone (hypotonia), seizures, diarrhea, vomiting, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7044525",
"score": "1.0893815",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA",
"text": "protein (ACP). MCAT is also involved in bacterial polyketide biosynthesis. The enzyme MCAT together with an acyl carrier protein (ACP), and a polyketide synthase (PKS) and chain-length factor heterodimer, constitutes the minimal PKS of type II polyketides. Malonyl-CoA is a highly regulated molecule in fatty acid synthesis; as such, it inhibits the rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation of fatty acids. Malonyl CoA inhibits fatty acids from associating with carnitine by regulating the enzyme carnitine acyltransferase, thereby preventing them from entering the mitochondria, where fatty acid oxidation and degradation occur. Malonyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA is a coenzyme A derivative of malonic acid. It plays",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5813602",
"score": "1.0830672",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase deficiency",
"text": "clear understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of this deficiency, some researchers have suggested a brain-specific interaction between Malonyl-CoA and CTP1 enzyme which may leads to unexplained symptoms of the MCD deficiency. Research has found that large amount of MCD are detached in the hypothalamus and cortex of the brain where high levels of lipogenic enzymes are found, indicating that MCD plays a role in lipid synthesis in the brain. Disturbed interaction between Malonyl-CoA and CPT1 may also contributed to abnormal brain development. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase plays an important role in the β-oxidation processes in both mitochondria and peroxisome. Some other authors",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7044524",
"score": "1.0805081",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "rats, MCD has been detected in fat, heart and liver. Because the formation of interchain disulfide bonds leads to positive cooperativity between active sites and increases the affinity for malonyl-CoA and the catalytic efficiency (in vitro), MCD activity doesn't need the intervention of any cofactors or divalent metal ions. MCD is involved in regulating cardiac malonyl-CoA levels, inhibition of MCD can limit rates of fatty acid oxidation, leading to a secondary increase in glucose oxidation associated with an improvement in the functional recovery of the heart during ischaemia/reperfusion injury. MCD is a potential novel target for cancer treatment. Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365448",
"score": "1.0773407",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Tacrolimus",
"text": "acid (DHCHC) as a starter unit, four molecules of malonyl-CoA, five molecules of methylmalonyl-CoA, one molecule of allylmalonyl-CoA as elongation units. However, two molecules of malonyl-CoA are able to be replaced by two molecules of methoxymalonyl CoA. Once two malonyl-CoA molecules are replaced, post-synthase tailoring steps are no longer required where two methoxymalonyl CoA molecules are substituted. The biosynthesis of methoxymalonyl CoA to Acyl Carrier protein is proceeded by five enzymes (fkbG, fkbH, fkbI, fkbJ, and fkbK). Allylmalonyl-CoA is also able to be replaced by propionylmalonyl-CoA. The starter unit, DHCHC from the chorismic acid is formed by fkbO enzyme and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1388651",
"score": "1.068438",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA decarboxylase",
"text": "as fuels in human tissues. Malonyl-CoA concentrations are crucial in the intracellular energetic regulation and the production or degradation of this metabolite delimits the use of glucose or lipids to produce ATP. The diseases related with MCD can be caused by its mislocalization, mutations affecting the gene MLYCD, its accumulation in peroxisomes and, mainly, its deficiency. MCS deficiency is a rare autosomal disorder that is widely diagnosed by neonatal screening and it is caused by mutations in MLYCD. It causes many symptoms: brain abnormalities, mild mental retardation, seizures, hypotonia, metabolic acidosis, vomiting, excretion of malonic and methylmalonic acids in urine,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8365446",
"score": "1.0563302",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase deficiency",
"text": "described for propanoyl-CoA. Odd chain fatty acids are also metabolized through the methylmalonyl pathway. The degradation of odd chain fatty acids releases Acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA is then converted to succinyl-CoA, and both succinyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA are interjected into the tricarboxylic acid cycle for continued production of reductant. The final product of methylmalonyl-CoA mutase activity is succinyl-CoA which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate. A side effect of excess methylmalonyl-CoA is an interruption of the enzymes responsible for other transformations earlier in the metabolism of propionyl-CoA, leading to propanoic acidemia as well. This, along with an excess of methylmalonyl-CoA leads",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7049521",
"score": "1.0516425",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Fatty acid",
"text": "cytosol where the synthesis of fatty acids occurs. This cannot occur directly. To obtain cytosolic acetyl-CoA, citrate (produced by the condensation of acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate) is removed from the citric acid cycle and carried across the inner mitochondrial membrane into the cytosol. There it is cleaved by ATP citrate lyase into acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate. The oxaloacetate is returned to the mitochondrion as malate. The cytosolic acetyl-CoA is carboxylated by acetyl CoA carboxylase into malonyl-CoA, the first committed step in the synthesis of fatty acids. Malonyl-CoA is then involved in a repeating series of reactions that lengthens the growing fatty acid",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "138862",
"score": "1.0512898",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Methylmalonyl-CoA mutase",
"text": "a number of substances, including the branched-chain amino acids isoleucine and valine, as well as methionine, threonine, thymine and odd-chain fatty acids, are metabolized via methylmalonate semialdehyde (MMlSA) or propionyl-CoA (Pr-CoA) to a common compound - methylmalonyl-CoA (MMl-CoA). MCM catalyzes the reversible isomerisation of l‐methylmalonyl‐CoA to succinyl‐CoA, requiring cobalamin (vitamin B12) in the form of adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl) as a cofactor. As an important step in propionate catabolism, this reaction is required for the degradation of odd-chain fatty acids, the amino acids valine, isoleucine, methionine, and threonine, and cholesterol, funneling metabolites from the breakdown of these amino acids into the tricarboxylic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8249408",
"score": "1.0448406",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Coniine",
"text": "is still to be determined, much of the pathway has been elucidated. Originally thought to use 4 acetyl groups as feed compounds for the polyketide synthase that forms coniine, recent work has led to the conclusion that two malonyl and a butyryl CoA are what is coupled together before further operations are performed to finally form coniine. Initially, acetate is converted to acetyl-CoA, some of which is also used to form malonyl CoA. An acetyl CoA is further elongated using malonyl-CoA by fatty acid synthase to form butyryl-CoA. Further elongation of butyryl-CoA using 2 malonyl-CoA forms 5-ketooctanal. Ketooctanal then undergoes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2996671",
"score": "1.0429043",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Fatty acid degradation",
"text": "activated, the acyl CoA is transported into the mitochondrial matrix. This occurs via a series of similar steps: It is important to note that \"carnitine acyltransferase I\" undergoes allosteric inhibition as a result of malonyl-CoA, an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, in order to prevent futile cycling between beta-oxidation and fatty acid synthesis. The mitochondrial oxidation of fatty acids takes place in three major steps: 1.β-oxidation: conversion of fatty acids into 2-carbon acetyl Co-A units. 2.entry of acetyl Co-A into TCA cycle to yield energy. 3.finally, the electron transport chain in the mitochondria.though in this step, no direct participation of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9741146",
"score": "1.0387347",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "AMP-activated protein kinase",
"text": "acetyl-CoA to malonyl-CoA, an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). CPT-1 transports fatty acids into the mitochondria for oxidation. Inactivation of ACC, therefore, results in increased fatty acid transport and subsequent oxidation. It is also thought that the decrease in malonyl-CoA occurs as a result of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), which may be regulated by AMPK. MCD is an antagonist to ACC, decarboxylating malonyl-CoA to acetyl-CoA, resulting in decreased malonyl-CoA and increased CPT-1 and fatty acid oxidation. AMPK also plays an important role in lipid metabolism in the liver. It has long been known that hepatic ACC has been regulated in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2836214",
"score": "1.0352951",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "(acyl-carrier-protein) S-malonyltransferase",
"text": "The transfer of malonate to acyl-carrier-protein (ACP) converts the acyl groups into thioester forms which are characteristic of acyl intermediates in fatty acid synthesis and which are strictly required for the condensation reactions catalyzed by β-ketoacyl-ACP synthetase. Malonyl-CoA:ACP Transacylase uses a ping-pong kinetic mechanism with a bound malony ester as the acyl intermediate attached to a serine residue residing within a GHSLG pentapeptide. FabD first binds malonyl-CoA, the malonyl moiety is then transferred to the active siteSer 92, and CoA is released from the enzyme. ACP then binds and the malonyl moiety is transferred to the terminal sulfhydryl of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11251160",
"score": "1.0324062",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "(acyl-carrier-protein) S-malonyltransferase",
"text": "(acyl-carrier-protein) S-malonyltransferase In enzymology, a [acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are malonyl-CoA and acyl carrier protein, whereas its two products are CoA and malonyl-acyl-carrier-protein. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those acyltransferases transferring groups other than aminoacyl groups. This enzyme participates in fatty acid biosynthesis. The systematic name of this enzyme class is malonyl-CoA:[acyl-carrier-protein] S-malonyltransferase. Other names in common use include malonyl coenzyme A-acyl carrier protein transacylase, Crystal Structures of FabD from \"E.coli\" and \"Streptomyces coelicolor\" are known and provide great insight into the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11251157",
"score": "1.0321363",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase",
"text": "Fatty-acyl-CoA synthase Fatty-acyl-CoA Synthase, or more commonly known as yeast fatty acid synthase (and not to be confused with Long Chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase), is an enzyme complex responsible for fatty acid biosynthesis, and is of Type I Fatty Acid Synthesis (FAS). Yeast fatty acid synthase plays a pivotal role in fatty acid synthesis. It is a 2.6 MDa barrel shaped complex and is composed of two, unique multi-functional subunits: alpha and beta. Together, the alpha and beta units are arranged in an αβstructure. The catalytic activities of this enzyme complex involves a coordination system of enzymatic reactions between the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11251388",
"score": "1.0306345",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "(acyl-carrier-protein) S-malonyltransferase",
"text": "carbonyl of Gln 250 serves as a hydrogen bond acceptor in an interaction with His 201. Two other residues, Arg-117 and Glu-11 are also located in the active site, but their function is not clear. The fatty acid synthetic pathway is the principal route for the production of membrane phospholipid acyl chains in bacterial and plants. The reaction sequence is carried out by a series of individual soluble proteins that are each encoded by a discrete gene, and the pathway intermediates are shuttled between the enzymes. Malony-CoA:ACP Transacylase (FabD) is one such individual soluble protein and catalyzes the following reaction:",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11251159",
"score": "1.0295033",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Malonyl-CoA",
"long_answer": "It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.",
"chunked_long_answer": "It plays a key role in chain elongation in fatty acid biosynthesis and polyketide biosynthesis.",
"short_answers": [
"chain elongation"
]
}
|
where is simple squamous epithelium found in the body
|
[
"alveoli",
"outer layer of skin",
"capillaries",
"glomeruli"
] |
[
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "form is epithelia. Epithelium Epithelium () is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cell: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal. These can be arranged in a single layer of cells as simple epithelium, either squamous, columnar, or cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2032133",
"score": "1.0800369",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Epithelioma",
"text": "very easily treated and rarely result in death. The condition did, however, take the life of Scottish golfer Willie Dunn, Sr. in 1878 at a time when the ailment was likely not fully understood. Epithelioma Epithelioma is an abnormal growth of the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and other structures of the body. Epitheliomas can be benign growths or malignant carcinomas. They are classified according to the specific type of epithelial cells that are affected. The most common epitheliomas are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancers). Treatment usually involves",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13616144",
"score": "1.0643992",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "therefore described as pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium. Simple epithelium is a single layer of cells with every cell in direct contact with the basement membrane that separates it from the underlying connective tissue. In general, it is found where absorption and filtration occur. The thinness of the epithelial barrier facilitates these processes. In general, simple epithelial tissues are classified by the shape of their cells. The four major classes of simple epithelium are: (1) simple squamous; (2) simple cuboidal; (3) simple",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2032122",
"score": "1.0483065",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "Epithelium Epithelium () is one of the four basic types of animal tissue, along with connective tissue, muscle tissue and nervous tissue. Epithelial tissues line the outer surfaces of organs and blood vessels throughout the body, as well as the inner surfaces of cavities in many internal organs. An example is the epidermis, the outermost layer of the skin. There are three principal shapes of epithelial cell: squamous, columnar, and cuboidal. These can be arranged in a single layer of cells as simple epithelium, either squamous, columnar, or cuboidal, or in layers of two or more cells deep as stratified",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2032119",
"score": "1.0413901",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Stratified squamous epithelium",
"text": "in the body subject to constant abrasion, as the thickest layers can be sequentially sloughed off and replaced before the basement membrane is exposed. It forms the outermost layer of the skin and the inner lining of the mouth, esophagus and vagina. Non-keratinized surfaces must be kept moist by bodily secretions to prevent them from drying out. Examples of non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include corneal epithelium, lining mucosa of oral cavity, esophagus, anal canal, ectocervix, vagina, foreskin, and the internal portion of the lips. Even non-keratinized surfaces, consisting as they do of keratinocytes, have a minor superficial keratinized layer of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8811485",
"score": "1.0170336",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Simple cuboidal epithelium",
"text": "Simple cuboidal epithelium Simple cuboidal epithelium is a type of epithelium that consists of a single layer of cuboidal (cube-like) cells. These cuboidal cells have large, spherical and central nuclei. Simple cuboidal epithelia are found on the surface of ovaries, the lining of nephrons, the walls of the renal tubules, and parts of the eye and thyroid. On these surfaces, the cells perform secretion and absorption. Simple cuboidal cells are also found in kidney tubules, glandular ducts, ovaries, and the thyroid gland. Simple cuboidal cells are found in single rows with their spherical nuclei in the center of the cells",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8816355",
"score": "1.0123678",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Epithelioma",
"text": "Epithelioma Epithelioma is an abnormal growth of the epithelium, which is the layer of tissue that covers the surfaces of organs and other structures of the body. Epitheliomas can be benign growths or malignant carcinomas. They are classified according to the specific type of epithelial cells that are affected. The most common epitheliomas are basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma (skin cancers). Treatment usually involves surgically removing the tumor and affected tissue. Also used is cryosurgery and radiotherapy. The prognosis varies dramatically, depending on the type and stage at the time of treatment. However, the most common epitheliomas are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13616143",
"score": "1.0123547",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Simple columnar epithelium",
"text": "Simple columnar epithelium A simple columnar epithelium is a columnar epithelium that is uni-layered. In humans, a simple columnar epithelium lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Simple columnar epithelia line the uterus. Simple columnar epithelium is further divided into two categories: ciliated and non-ciliated. Non-ciliated types are found in the digestive tract. Ciliated types are found within bronchioles of the respiratory tract and in the oviduct of the female reproductive tract. \"Ciliated columnar epithelium\" moves mucus and other substances via cilia and is found in the upper respiratory tract, the Fallopian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6594977",
"score": "0.99704385",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Anatomical terms of microanatomy",
"text": "However, when taller simple columnar epithelial cells are viewed in cross section showing several nuclei appearing at different heights, they can be confused with stratified epithelia. This kind of epithelium is therefore described as pseudostratified columnar epithelium. Transitional epithelium has cells that can change from squamous to cuboidal, depending on the amount of tension on the epithelium. A mucous membrane or mucosa is a membrane that lines various cavities in the body and covers the surface of internal organs. It consists of one or more layers of epithelial cells overlying a layer of loose connective tissue. It is mostly of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20583286",
"score": "0.99125695",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Simple squamous epithelium",
"text": "is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, outer layer of skin and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nucleus. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion.This tissue is extremely thin, and",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Stratified squamous epithelium",
"text": "Stratified squamous epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other layers adhere to one another to maintain structural integrity. Although this epithelium is referred to as squamous, many cells within the layers may not be flattened; this is due to the convention of naming epithelia according to the cell type at the surface. In the deeper layers, the cells may be columnar or cuboidal. There are no intercellular spaces. This type of epithelium is well suited to areas",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8811484",
"score": "0.98107743",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Anatomy",
"text": "connective tissue in the extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells. There are many different types of epithelium, modified to suit a particular function. In the respiratory tract there is a type of ciliated epithelial lining; in the small intestine there are microvilli on the epithelial lining and in the large intestine there are intestinal villi. Skin consists of an outer layer of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium that covers the exterior of the vertebrate body. Keratinocytes make up to 95% of the cells in the skin. The epithelial cells on the external surface of the body typically secrete an extracellular",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9443",
"score": "0.9738809",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Squamous metaplasia",
"text": "Squamous metaplasia Squamous metaplasia is a benign non-cancerous change (metaplasia) of surfacing lining cells (epithelium) to a squamous morphology. Common sites for squamous metaplasia include the bladder and cervix. Smokers often exhibit squamous metaplasia in the linings of their airways. These changes don't signify a specific disease, but rather usually represent the body's response to stress or irritation. Vitamin A deficiency or overdose can also lead to squamous metaplasia. In regard to the cervix, squamous metaplasia can sometimes be found in the endocervix, as it is composed of simple columnar epithelium, whereas the ectocervix is composed of stratified squamous non-keratinized",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4700184",
"score": "0.9598788",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Nasopharynx cancer",
"text": "Squamous epithelial cells are a flat type of cell found in the skin and the membranes that line some body cavities. Differentiation means how different the cancer cells are from normal cells. \"Undifferentiated cells\" are cells that do not have their mature features or functions. Swelling of the lymph nodes in the neck is the initial presentation in many people, and the diagnosis of NPC is often made by lymph node biopsy. Signs and symptoms related to the primary tumor include trismus, pain, otitis media, nasal regurgitation due to paresis (loss of or impaired movement) of the soft palate, hearing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9262645",
"score": "0.9570654",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Vagina",
"text": "and eventually ceases to contain glycogen, because of the lack of estrogen. Flattened squamous cells are more resistant to both abrasion and infection. The permeability of the epithelium allows for an effective response from the immune system since antibodies and other immune components can easily reach the surface. The vaginal epithelium differs from the similar tissue of the skin. The epidermis of the skin is relatively resistant to water because it contains high levels of lipids. The vaginal epithelium contains lower levels of lipids. This allows the passage of water and water-soluble substances through the tissue. Keratinization happens when the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "444740",
"score": "0.95698386",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "rectum are composed of nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. Other surfaces that separate body cavities from the outside environment are lined by simple squamous, columnar, or pseudostratified epithelial cells. Other epithelial cells line the insides of the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the reproductive and urinary tracts, and make up the exocrine and endocrine glands. The outer surface of the cornea is covered with fast-growing, easily regenerated epithelial cells. A specialised form of epithelium – endothelium forms the inner lining of blood vessels and the heart, and is known as vascular endothelium, and lining lymphatic vessels as lymphatic endothelium. Another type, mesothelium,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2032125",
"score": "0.9559411",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Lymphatic vessel",
"text": "vessels drain into the right and left subclavian veins respectively. The general structure of lymphatics is based on that of blood vessels. There is an inner lining of single flattened epithelial cells (simple squamous epithelium) composed of a type of epithelium that is called endothelium, and the cells are called \"endothelial cells\". This layer functions to mechanically transport fluid and since the basement membrane on which it rests is discontinuous; it leaks easily. The next layer is that of smooth muscles that are arranged in a circular fashion around the endothelium, which by shortening (contracting) or relaxing alter the diameter",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3096480",
"score": "0.9513242",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Epithelioid sarcoma",
"text": "Epithelioid sarcoma Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue sarcoma arising from mesenchymal tissue and characterized by epithelioid-like features. It accounts for less than 1% of all soft tissue sarcomas. It was first clearly characterized by F.M. Enzinger in 1970. It commonly presents itself in the distal limbs (fingers, hands, forearms, or feet) of young adults as a small, soft mass or a series of bumps. A proximal version has also been described, frequently occurring in the upper extremities. Rare cases have been reported in the pelvis, vulva, penis, and spine. Histologically, epithelioid sarcoma forms nodules with central necrosis surrounded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11387649",
"score": "0.9507868",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Vaginal epithelium",
"text": "Vaginal epithelium The vaginal epithelium is the aglandular inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of (squamous) cells. The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer. The intermediate layers lie upon the basal layer and the superficial layer is the outermost layer of the epithelium. Anatomists have described the epithelium as consisting of as many as 40 distinct layers. The mucous found on the epithelium is secreted by the cervix and uterus. The rugae of the epithelium create a involuted surface and result in a large surface area that covers 360",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20571649",
"score": "0.95041883",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Vaginal epithelium",
"text": "the Herpes simplex virus. Nanoparticle drug administration into and through the vaginal epithelium to treat HIV infection is also being investigated. Vaginal epithelium The vaginal epithelium is the aglandular inner lining of the vagina consisting of multiple layers of (squamous) cells. The basal membrane provides the support for the first layer of the epithelium-the basal layer. The intermediate layers lie upon the basal layer and the superficial layer is the outermost layer of the epithelium. Anatomists have described the epithelium as consisting of as many as 40 distinct layers. The mucous found on the epithelium is secreted by the cervix",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20571664",
"score": "0.950001",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Vaginal epithelium",
"text": "integrity changes as the cells move to the upper layers of the epidermis. The vagina itself does not contain mucous glands. Though mucous is not produced by the vaginal epithelium, mucous originates from the cervix. The cervical mucous that is located inside the vagina can be used to assess fertility in ovulating women. The Bartholin's glands and Skene's glands located at the entrance of the vagina do produce mucous. The epithelium of the vagina originates from three different precursors during embryonic and fetal development. These are the vaginal squamous epithelium of the lower vagina, the columnar epithelium of the endocervix,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20571656",
"score": "0.94501066",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Squamous cell papilloma",
"text": "Squamous cell papilloma A squamous cell papilloma is a generally benign papilloma that arises from the stratified squamous epithelium of the skin, lip, oral cavity, tongue, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, cervix, vagina or anal canal. Squamous cell papillomas are typically associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) while for others the cause is unknown. Squamous cell papilloma of the mouth or throat is generally diagnosed in people between the ages of 30 and 50, and is normally found on the inside of the cheek, on the tongue, or inside of lips. Oral papillomas are usually painless, and not treated unless they interfere with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11160211",
"score": "0.9420855",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Multiple familial trichoepithelioma",
"text": "fashion. Multiple familial trichoepithelioma Multiple familial trichoepithelioma (also known as Brooke–Spiegler syndrome and epithelioma adenoides cysticum) is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple cystic and solid nodules appearing on the face. The classification of this syndrome is difficult. Three conditions are known to be caused by mutations in the\" CYLD\" gene: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and familial cylindromatosis. Clinically, these are distinct, but appear to arise from mutations in the same gene. Types include: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a condition where multiple skin tumors develop from skin structures. Tumors commonly occurring in this syndrome include spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, and cylindromas. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13483785",
"score": "0.9360876",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Multiple familial trichoepithelioma",
"text": "Multiple familial trichoepithelioma Multiple familial trichoepithelioma (also known as Brooke–Spiegler syndrome and epithelioma adenoides cysticum) is a cutaneous condition characterized by multiple cystic and solid nodules appearing on the face. The classification of this syndrome is difficult. Three conditions are known to be caused by mutations in the\" CYLD\" gene: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome, multiple familial trichoepithelioma, and familial cylindromatosis. Clinically, these are distinct, but appear to arise from mutations in the same gene. Types include: Brooke-Spiegler syndrome is a condition where multiple skin tumors develop from skin structures. Tumors commonly occurring in this syndrome include spiradenomas, trichoepitheliomas, and cylindromas. The tumors",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13483783",
"score": "0.9343275",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Intestinal epithelium",
"text": "Intestinal epithelium The intestinal epithelium is the single cell layer that form the luminal surface (lining) of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. Composed of simple columnar epithelial cells, it serves two main functions: absorbing useful substances into the body and restricting the entry of harmful substances. As part of its protective role, the intestinal epithelium forms an important component of the intestinal mucosal barrier. Certain diseases and conditions are caused by functional defects in the intestinal epithelium. On the other hand, various diseases and conditions can lead to its dysfunction which, in turn, can",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11511070",
"score": "0.93320584",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Pagetoid",
"text": "a clear halo from the surrounding epithelial cells and a finely granular cytoplasm. This proliferation of cells in the epidermis is responsible for the 'buckshot scatter' pattern. This is a typical feature of superficial spreading type of Malignant Melanoma. Pagetoid Pagetoid is a term used in dermatology to refer to \"upward spreading\" of abnormal cells in the epidermis (ie from bottom to top). It is uncommon and a possible indication of a precancerous or cancerous condition. Cells display pagetoid growth when they invade the upper epidermis from below. Squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma in situ, Pagetoid Bowen's disease and other carcinomas",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8553740",
"score": "0.9280897",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma",
"text": "Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (eHAE) is a rare tumor, first characterized by Sharon Weiss and Franz Enzinger that both clinically and histologically is intermediate between angiosarcoma and hemangioma. However, a distinct, disease-defining genetic alteration recently described for EHE indicates that it is an entirely separate entity from both angiosarcoma and hemangioma. EHE is a soft tissue sarcoma and is generally considered a vascular cancer insofar as the ‘lesional’ cells have surface markers typical of endothelial cells, (cells lining the interior of blood vessels). EHE was originally described as occurring most commonly in the veins of the extremities (arms and legs)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12841343",
"score": "0.92628837",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Epithelium",
"text": "in the cytokeratin group are almost exclusively found in epithelial cells, and so are often used for this purpose. Carcinomas develop in epithelial tissues. Sarcomas develop in connective tissue. When epithelial cells or tissues are damaged from cystic fibrosis, sweat glands are also damaged, causing a frosty coating of the skin. The word \"epithelium\" uses the Greek roots ἐπί (\"epi\"), \"on\" or \"upon\", and θηλή (\"thēlē\"), \"nipple\". Epithelium is so called because the name was originally used to describe the translucent covering of small \"nipples\" of tissue on the lip. The word has both mass and count senses; the plural",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2032132",
"score": "0.92542994",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Squamous cell carcinoma",
"text": "uncontrolled division of cancer stem cells of epithelial lineage or characteristics. SCCs arise from squamous cells, which are flat cells that line many areas of the body. Accumulation of these cancer cells causes a microscopic focus of abnormal cells that are, at least initially, locally confined within the specific tissue in which the progenitor cell resided. This condition is called squamous cell carcinoma \"in situ\", and it is diagnosed when the tumor has not yet penetrated the basement membrane or other delimiting structure to invade adjacent tissues. Once the lesion has grown and progressed to the point where it has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20232926",
"score": "0.92279184",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Stratified squamous epithelium",
"text": "varying thickness, depending on the age of the epithelium and the damage it has experienced. Keratinized surfaces are protected from abrasion by keratin and kept hydrated and protected from dehydration by glycolipids produced in the stratum granulosum. Examples of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium include epidermis of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot, and the masticatory mucosa. Skin is also covered with stratified squamous epithelium. Stratified squamous epithelium A stratified squamous epithelium consists of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells arranged in layers upon a basal membrane. Only one layer is in contact with the basement membrane; the other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8811486",
"score": "0.91835046",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "Simple squamous epithelium",
"long_answer": "A simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, outer layer of skin and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nucleus. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion.This tissue is extremely thin, and forms a delicate lining. It offers very little protection.",
"chunked_long_answer": "is a single layer of flat cells in contact with the basal lamina (one of the two layers of the basement membrane) of the epithelium. This type of epithelium is often permeable and occurs where small molecules need to pass quickly through membranes via filtration or diffusion. Simple squamous epithelia are found in capillaries, alveoli, glomeruli, outer layer of skin and other tissues where rapid diffusion is required. Cells are flat with flattened and oblong nucleus. It is also called pavement epithelium due to its tile-like appearance. This epithelium is associated with filtration and diffusion.This tissue is extremely thin, and",
"short_answers": [
"alveoli",
"capillaries",
"glomeruli",
"outer layer of skin"
]
}
|
when did the crucifix become the symbol of christianity
|
[
"in the 2nd century",
"4th century",
"the 4th century"
] |
[
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "by the Lutheran and Anglican Churches. The symbol is less common in churches of other Protestant denominations, which prefer to use a cross without the figure of Jesus (the \"corpus\"). The crucifix emphasizes Jesus' sacrifice — his death by crucifixion, which Christians believe brought about the redemption of mankind. Most crucifixes portray Jesus on a Latin cross, rather than any other shape, such as a Tau cross or a Coptic cross. Western crucifixes usually have a three-dimensional \"corpus\", but in Eastern Orthodoxy Jesus' body is normally painted on the cross, or in low relief. Strictly speaking, to be a crucifix,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91921",
"score": "1.0508671",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion of Jesus",
"text": "crucifixion scene has been a key element of Christian art, giving rise to specific artistic themes such as Ecce Homo, The Raising of the Cross, Descent from the Cross and Entombment of Christ. The Crucifixion, seen from the Cross by Tissot presented a novel approach at the end of the 19th century, in which the crucifixion scene was portrayed from the perspective of Jesus. The symbolism of the cross which is today one of the most widely recognized Christian symbols was used from the earliest Christian times and Justin Martyr who died in 165 describes it in a way that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13381140",
"score": "1.0443099",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "Crucifix A crucifix (from Latin \"cruci fixus\" meaning \"(one) fixed to a cross\") is an image of Jesus on the cross, as distinct from a bare cross. The representation of Jesus himself on the cross is referred to in English as the \"corpus\" (Latin for \"body\"). The crucifix is a principal symbol for many groups of Christians, and one of the most common forms of the Crucifixion in the arts. It is especially important in the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church, but is also used in the Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Assyrian, and Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91920",
"score": "1.0420318",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Christianity",
"text": "symbols. The cross, today one of the most widely recognized symbols, was used by Christians from the earliest times. Tertullian, in his book \"De Corona\", tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace the sign of the cross on their foreheads. Although the cross was known to the early Christians, the crucifix did not appear in use until the 5th century. Among the earliest Christian symbols, that of the fish or Ichthys seems to have ranked first in importance, as seen on monumental sources such as tombs from the first decades of the 2nd century. Its popularity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "61805",
"score": "1.0388647",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "subject for artistic portrayal. The purported discovery of the True Cross by Constantine's mother, Helena, and the development of Golgotha as a site for pilgrimage, together with the dispersal of fragments of the relic across the Christian world, led to a change of attitude. It was probably in Palestine that the image developed, and many of the earliest depictions are on the Monza ampullae, small metal flasks for holy oil, that were pilgrim's souvenirs from the Holy Land, as well as 5th-century ivory reliefs from Italy. Prior to the Middle Ages, early Christians preferred to focus on the \"triumphant\" Christ,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043855",
"score": "1.0382047",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Christian cross",
"text": "it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. The crucifix, a cross upon which an image of Christ is present, is not known to have been used until the 6th century AD. The oldest extant depiction of the execution of Jesus in any medium seems to be the second-century or early third-century relief on a jasper gemstone meant for use as an amulet, which is now in the British Museum in London. It portrays a naked bearded man whose arms are tied at the wrists by short strips to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14592266",
"score": "1.0279665",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Christian symbolism",
"text": "crucifixion displaying suffering are believed to have arisen in Byzantine art, where the \"S\"-shaped slumped body type was developed. Early Western examples include the Gero Cross and the reverse of the Cross of Lothair, both from the end of the 10th century. Marie-Madeleine Davy (1977) described in great detail Romanesque Symbolism as it developed in the Middle Ages in Western Europe. Among the symbols employed by the early Christians, that of the fish seems to have ranked first in importance. Its popularity among Christians was due principally to the famous acrostic consisting of the initial letters of five Greek words",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9963770",
"score": "1.0266542",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "rather than a dying one, because the concept of the risen Christ was so central to their faith. The plain cross became depicted, often as a \"glorified\" symbol, as the crux gemmata, covered with jewels, as many real early medieval processional crosses in goldsmith work were. Early depictions showed a living Christ, and tended to minimize the appearance of suffering, so as to draw attention to the positive message of resurrection and faith, rather than to the physical realities of execution. In the early history of the church in Ireland, important events were often commemorated by erecting pillars with elaborate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043856",
"score": "1.01553",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "religious services. They believe use of the crucifix is in keeping with the statement by Saint Paul in Scripture, \"we preach Christ crucified, a stumbling block to Jews and folly to Gentiles, but to those who are called, both Jews and Greeks, Christ the power of God and the wisdom of God\". In the West altar crosses and processional crosses began to be crucifixes in the 11th century, which became general around the 14th century, as they became cheaper. The Roman Rite requires that \"either on the altar or near it, there is to be a cross, with the figure",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91931",
"score": "1.0132906",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Christian cross",
"text": "However, the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century, as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX, written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next, and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria, who died between 211 and 216, could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross, when he repeated the idea, current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18), and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. \"devotees of the Cross\". ",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Jesus",
"text": "of veneration, such as kisses and prostration, and they are thought to be powerful channels of divine grace. The Renaissance brought forth a number of artists who focused on depictions of Jesus; Fra Angelico and others followed Giotto in the systematic development of uncluttered images. Before the Protestant Reformation, the crucifix was common in Western Christianity. It is a model of the cross with Jesus crucified on it. The crucifix became the central ornament of the altar in the 13th century, a use that has been nearly universal in Roman Catholic churches since then. Jesus appears as an infant in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3955411",
"score": "1.005616",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Aniconism in Christianity",
"text": "Cross, the earliest life-size crucifix image to survive, probably dates to around 960. The depiction of God the Father in art long remained unacceptable; he was typically only shown with the features of Jesus, which had become fairly standardized by the 6th century, in scenes such as the Garden of Eden. The rationale for this was the doctrine of the pre-existing Christ or \"Logos\", which holds that Christ has existed from the beginning of time. Very simply put, as a member of the Holy Trinity of three persons in one God, representations of God could be achieved by depicting Jesus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7377008",
"score": "1.0044703",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "body on the cross is a Byzantine innovation of the late 10th century, though also found in the German Gero Cross of the same date. Probably more from Byzantine influence, it spread elsewhere in the West, especially to Italy, by the Romanesque period, though it was more usual in painting than sculpted crucifixes. It's in Italy that the emphasis was put on Jesus' suffering and realistic details, during a process of general humanization of Christ favored by the Franciscan order. During the 13th century the suffering Italian model (\"Christus patiens\") triumphed over the traditional Byzantine one (\"Christus gloriosus\") anywhere in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91926",
"score": "1.0029206",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Christian cross variants",
"text": "widespread since antiquity. Christian cross variants This is a list of Christian cross variants. The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for \"body\"). The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the term Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period. Christian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18727998",
"score": "1.0027413",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Crux gemmata",
"text": "are only about 20 crosses, though the anchor, which appears more commonly, was a disguised cross symbol. There was resistance to representations of the cross with the body of Christ on it, a practice that did not begin until the 5th century, becoming more common in the 6th. One of the earliest representations of a Crucifixion scene rather oddly shows the three crosses of the gospel accounts, with the two thieves hanging in place on theirs, but with Christ standing at the foot of his. The fierce Christological disputes of the period saw the Monophysites, who rejected the human nature",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5777311",
"score": "0.99785036",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "then all clergy, followed by the homes of the laity, spreading down from the top of society as these became cheap enough for the average person to afford. Most towns had a large crucifix erected as a monument, or some other shrine at the crossroads of the town. By the 19th century displaying a crucifix somewhere in the general reception areas of a house became typical of Catholic homes. Richer Catholics could afford a room set aside for a chapel. Roman Catholic (both Eastern and Western), Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Anglican and Lutheran Christians generally use the crucifix in public",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91930",
"score": "0.9949906",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion of Jesus",
"text": "already implies its use as a symbol, although the crucifix appeared later. Masters such as Caravaggio, Rubens and Titian have all depicted the in their works. Devotions based on the process of crucifixion, and the sufferings of Jesus are followed by various Christians. The Stations of the Cross follows a number of stages based on the stages involved in the crucifixion of Jesus, while the Rosary of the Holy Wounds is used to meditate on the wounds of Jesus as part of the crucifixion. The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross has in itself been the subject of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13381141",
"score": "0.99218804",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Christian cross",
"text": "on their foreheads the sign of the cross. Martin Luther at the time of the Reformation retained the cross and crucifix in the Lutheran Church, which remains an important feature of Lutheran devotion and worship today. Luther wrote: \"Crux sola est nostra theologia\", \"The cross alone is our theology.\" On the other hand, the Great Iconoclasm was a wave of rejecting sacred images among Calvinists of the 16th century. Some localities (such as England) included polemics against using the cross in worship. For example, during the 16th century, a minority of theologians in the Anglican and Reformed traditions Nicholas Ridley,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14592271",
"score": "0.98767936",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Altar crucifix",
"text": "now affordable by all churches, however, it was not until the Roman Missal of Pius V in 1570 that there is any mention of an obligation to have the crucifix on the altar. Early Christians were not accustomed to publicly expose the cross or crucifix due to fear of subjecting it to the insults of pagans or scandalizing the weak. To avoid this, they often used symbols like the anchor or trident. The crucifix placed upon the altar is intended to serve as a reminder to the people in attendance and the celebrant of the believed nature of the Eucharist",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11807605",
"score": "0.98327315",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "three centuries of Early Christian art, the crucifixion was rarely depicted. Some engraved gems thought to be 2nd or 3rd century have survived, but the subject does not appear in the art of the Catacombs of Rome, and it is thought that at this period the image was restricted to heretical groups of Christians. The earliest Western images clearly originating in the mainstream of the church are 5th-century, including the scene on the doors of Santa Sabina, Rome. Constantine I forbade crucifixion as a method of execution, and early church leaders regarded crucifixion with horror, and thus, as an unfit",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043854",
"score": "0.9806807",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion of Jesus",
"text": "Mahmoud M. Ayoub sums up what the Quran states despite interpretative arguments: The below quranic verse says Jesus was neither killed nor crucified: Contrary to Christian teachings, some Islamic traditions teach that Jesus ascended to Heaven without being put on the cross, but that God transformed another person to appear exactly like him and to be then crucified instead of him. This thought is supported in misreading an account by Irenaeus, the 2nd-century Alexandrian Gnostic Basilides when refuting a heresy denying the death. Since the crucifixion of Jesus, the cross has become a key element of Christian symbolism, and the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13381139",
"score": "0.97813857",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "in the 13th century. Related scenes such as the \"Deposition of Christ\", \"Entombment of Christ\" and \"Nailing of Christ to the Cross\" developed. In the Late Middle Ages, increasingly intense and realistic representations of suffering were shown, reflecting the development of highly emotional andachtsbilder subjects and devotional trends such as German mysticism; some, like the Throne of Mercy, Man of Sorrows and Pietà, related to the Crucifixion. The same trend affected the depiction of other figures, notably in the \"Swoon of the Virgin\", who is very commonly shown fainting in paintings of between 1300 and 1500, though this depiction was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043864",
"score": "0.97757",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "a two-dimensional or low relief icon that shows Jesus as already dead, his face peaceful and somber. They are rarely three-dimensional figures as in the Western tradition, although these may be found where Western influences are strong, but are more typically icons painted on a piece of wood shaped to include the double-barred cross and perhaps the edge of Christ's hips and halo, and no background. More sculptural small crucifixes in metal relief are also used in Orthodoxy (see gallery examples), including as pectoral crosses and blessing crosses. Western crucifixes may show Christ dead or alive, the presence of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91924",
"score": "0.97429085",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "to him. From the late Middle Ages various new contexts for images were devised, from such large scale monuments as the \"calvaire\" of Brittany and the Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy to the thousands of small wayside shrines still found in many parts of Catholic Europe, and the Stations of the Cross in the majority of Catholic churches. Crucifixion has appeared repeatedly as a theme in many forms of modern art. The surrealist Salvador Dalí painted \"Crucifixion (Corpus Hypercubus)\", representing the cross as a hypercube. Fiona Macdonald describes the 1954 painting as showing a classical pose of Christ superimposed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043866",
"score": "0.97397673",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Christ (title)",
"text": "fruit of another tree: the cross of crucifixion. Following in the Pauline tradition, in the 5th century Augustine of Hippo viewed Christ as the mediator of the New Covenant between God and man and as the conqueror over sin. He viewed Christ as the cause and reason for the reconciliation of man with God after the fall of Adam, and he saw in Christ the path to Christian salvation. Augustine believed that salvation is available to those who are worthy of it, through faith in Christ. In the 13th century Thomas Aquinas aimed to recapture the teachings of the Church",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "61433",
"score": "0.9675355",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "an aureole encircling His Body. He may be robed as a prophet, crowned as a king, and vested in a stole as Great High Priest. On some crucifixes a skull and crossbones are shown below the corpus, referring to Golgotha (Calvary), the site at which Jesus was crucified, which the Gospels say means in Hebrew \"the place of the skull.\" Medieval tradition held that it was the burial-place of Adam and Eve, and that the cross of Christ was raised directly over Adam's skull, so many crucifixes manufactured in Catholic countries still show the skull and crossbones below the corpus.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91928",
"score": "0.9667173",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Christian cross variants",
"text": "Christian cross variants This is a list of Christian cross variants. The Christian cross, with or without a figure of Christ included, is the main religious symbol of Christianity. A cross with a figure of Christ affixed to it is termed a crucifix and the figure is often referred to as the corpus (Latin for \"body\"). The term Greek cross designates a cross with arms of equal length, as in a plus sign, while the term Latin cross designates a cross with an elongated descending arm. Numerous other variants have been developed during the medieval period. Christian crosses are used",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18727995",
"score": "0.965413",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion of Jesus",
"text": "the crucifixion of Jesus along with his resurrection restores access to a vibrant experience of God's presence, love and grace as well as the confidence of eternal life. The accounts of the crucifixion and subsequent resurrection of Jesus provide a rich background for Christological analysis, from the canonical Gospels to the Pauline epistles. Christians believe Jesus' suffering was foretold in the Hebrew Bible, such as in Psalm 22, and Isaiah's songs of the suffering servant. In Johannine \"agent Christology\" the submission of Jesus to crucifixion is a sacrifice made as an agent of God or servant of God, for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13381130",
"score": "0.9650989",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Crucifixion in the arts",
"text": "churches in the Middle Ages, and small wall-mounted crucifixes were increasingly popular in Catholic homes from the Counter-Reformation, if not before. As a broad generalization, the earliest depictions, before about 900, tended to show all three crosses (those of Jesus, the Good Thief and the Bad Thief), but later medieval depictions mostly showed just Jesus and his cross. From the Renaissance either type might be shown. The number of other figures shown depended on the size and medium of the work, but there was a similar trend for early depictions to show a number of figures, giving way in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14043860",
"score": "0.9649782",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Crucifix",
"text": "altar of the Holy Cross in the Cistercian church of Doberan.\" Martin Luther did not object to them, and this was among his differences with Andreas Karlstadt as early as 1525. At the time of the Reformation, Luther retained the crucifix in the Lutheran Church and they remain the center of worship in Lutheran parishes across Europe. In the United States, however, Lutheranism came under the influence of Calvinism, and the plain cross came to be used in many churches. In contrast to the practice of the Lutheran Churches, the early Reformed Churches rejected the use of the crucifix, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "91936",
"score": "0.9642414",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Christian cross",
"long_answer": "However, the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century, as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX, written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next, and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria, who died between 211 and 216, could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross, when he repeated the idea, current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18), and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. \"devotees of the Cross\". In his book De Corona, written in 204, Tertullian tells how it was already a tradition for Christians to trace repeatedly on their foreheads the sign of the cross. The crucifix, a cross upon which an image of Christ is present, is not known to have been used until the 6th century AD.",
"chunked_long_answer": "However, the cross symbol was already associated with Christians in the 2nd century, as is indicated in the anti-Christian arguments cited in the Octavius of Minucius Felix, chapters IX and XXIX, written at the end of that century or the beginning of the next, and by the fact that by the early 3rd century the cross had become so closely associated with Christ that Clement of Alexandria, who died between 211 and 216, could without fear of ambiguity use the phrase τὸ κυριακὸν σημεῖον (the Lord's sign) to mean the cross, when he repeated the idea, current as early as the apocryphal Epistle of Barnabas, that the number 318 (in Greek numerals, ΤΙΗ) in Genesis 14:14 was interpreted as a foreshadowing (a \"type\") of the cross (T, an upright with crossbar, standing for 300) and of Jesus (ΙΗ, the first two letter of his name ΙΗΣΟΥΣ, standing for 18), and his contemporary Tertullian could designate the body of Christian believers as crucis religiosi, i.e. \"devotees of the Cross\". ",
"short_answers": [
"in the 2nd century"
]
}
|
who wrote the song rainy days and mondays
|
[
"Paul Williams",
"Roger Nichols",
"Roger Nichols and Paul Williams"
] |
[
{
"title": "Rainy Days and Mondays",
"text": "Rainy Days and Mondays \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" is a 1971 song by the Carpenters, with instrumental backing by L.A. session musicians from the Wrecking Crew, that went to number 2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 chart, It's Too Late/I Feel the Earth Move by Carole King kept it from number 1. \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" was the duo's fourth number 1 song on the Adult Contemporary singles chart. However, the song failed to chart in the United Kingdom until it went to number 63 in a reissue there in 1993. \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" was certified Gold by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8874739",
"score": "1.28092",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again",
"text": "Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again \"Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\" is the title of a pop song composed by Tony Macaulay, Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway which in 1971 became the third U.S. Top 40 hit for The Fortunes. This sad song is about having that rainy day feeling, saying that his tears will be falling like rain, as if it were on a Monday, hoping that it was sunny like a Sunday instead. Part of the lead vocals passages are similar to a Frankie Valli and the Four Seasons song. The Bridge is noted for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19638671",
"score": "1.1869082",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Carpenters",
"text": "was recorded the previous year by members of the pop group Bread for a wedding scene in the movie \"Lovers and Other Strangers\". Richard saw the song's potential for the Carpenters and recorded it in the autumn of 1970. The track became the duo's third gold single, and later won an Oscar for \"Best Original Song\". On March 16, 1971, the duo received Grammy Award nominations for Best New Artist and Best Contemporary Performance by a Duo, Group or Chorus. The duo's fourth gold single, \"Rainy Days and Mondays\", became Williams' and Nichols' second major single with the Carpenters. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10993632",
"score": "1.1859075",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Roger Nichols (songwriter)",
"text": "hit for them in late 1970. It was nominated for a Grammy for Song of the Year, was included on BMI's million performances list and received an award for selling a million copies of sheet music. The song was also covered by Curtis Mayfield among many others. \"Times of Your Life\", written with Lane and performed by Paul Anka, had reached number one on the Adult Contemporary chart (3–10 January 1976). Another Nichols-Williams song, \"Out in the Country\" by Three Dog Night (later covered by R.E.M.), reached the Top Ten. Six months later, \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" was another gold",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9035742",
"score": "1.1816725",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Karen Carpenter Story",
"text": "rushed to the hospital by paramedics, and as the EMT is placing an oxygen mask over her face, \"Rainy Days and Mondays\", recorded by the Carpenters on their self-titled album, is playing. The scene shifts to teenaged Karen singing \"The End of the World\" as she roller skates on the day the family moved into their home in Downey (they had previously resided in New Haven, Connecticut). The film then shows the highs and lows of Carpenter's life from the 1960s to 1983. One of the scenes, which showed Carpenter fainting onstage while she was singing the song \"Top of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10170418",
"score": "1.1668525",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Here's That Rainy Day",
"text": "Here's That Rainy Day \"Here's That Rainy Day\" is a popular song with music by Jimmy Van Heusen and lyrics by Johnny Burke that was published in 1953. It was introduced by Dolores Gray in the Broadway musical \"Carnival in Flanders\". Frank Sinatra recorded the song on March 25, 1959, for the Capitol album \"No One Cares\", arranged and conducted by Gordon Jenkins. Sinatra performed it on a Timex-sponsored show entitled \"The Frank Sinatra Timex Show: An Afternoon with Frank Sinatra\" broadcast on December 13, 1959, and on the Emmy-nominated \"Francis Albert Sinatra Does His Thing\", broadcast on November 25,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10819179",
"score": "1.1392983",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Rainy Davis",
"text": "Rainy Davis Denise Lorraine Davis, better known by her stage name Rainy Davis, is an American songwriter, singer and record producer. Out of four \"Billboard\" charted singles, Davis is known best for her song \"Sweetheart\". The single was originally released on the New York-based independent label called Supertronics Records. However, after the song became a hit in the clubs, then on urban radio and eventually crossing over to pop radio, Columbia Records A&R Exec Joe McEwen offered Rainy Davis a production-artist deal for worldwide physical distribution, which included buying Davis's previous contract from Supertronics. Rainy Davis went on to record",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5503733",
"score": "1.1380713",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Rainy Day and Day",
"text": "Rainy Day and Day \"Rainy Day and Day\" is the first single by the Japanese group Dragon Ash, which was released in 1997. Their subsequent releases (not including full albums) were either maxi singles or LPs containing three or more tracks until the 2008 release of \"Velvet Touch\", which contains only the title track and B-Side \"cover\" \"La Bamba\". The following single \"Tsunagari Sunset\" was also true to its name, with only the title track and B-side \"Thought and Action\". However, 2009's \"Unmei Kyōdōtai\" saw a return to their maxi single releases. The title track \"Rainy Day and Day\" was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8558936",
"score": "1.1346804",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35",
"text": "2 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 on the week of May 21, 1966, kept off the top spot by The Mamas and the Papas' \"Monday, Monday\". It also reached No. 7 on the UK Singles Chart. Unlike Dylan's previous six-minute hit single \"Like a Rolling Stone\", the single edit of \"Rainy Day Women #12 & 35\" was significantly shorter than the original album version, omitting the third and final verse. Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35 \"Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35\" is a song by Bob Dylan. It is the opening track of his 1966 album, \"Blonde on Blonde\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8104576",
"score": "1.1330492",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Rainy Days and Mondays",
"text": "The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"Saturday\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again",
"text": "was included as part of the extended LP version of \"Stars on 45,\" a number one medley hit from 1981. Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again \"Here Comes That Rainy Day Feeling Again\" is the title of a pop song composed by Tony Macaulay, Roger Cook and Roger Greenaway which in 1971 became the third U.S. Top 40 hit for The Fortunes. This sad song is about having that rainy day feeling, saying that his tears will be falling like rain, as if it were on a Monday, hoping that it was sunny like a Sunday instead. Part of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19638673",
"score": "1.1326722",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Rainy Day (band)",
"text": "Rainy Day (band) Rainy Day was an all-star Paisley Underground band composed of members from other Paisley Underground bands, including Dream Syndicate, The Three O'Clock, Rain Parade and The Bangles. They began collaborating after meeting at a barbecue held by Green On Red. Rainy Day recorded and released their eponymous, lone compilation album in 1984. It pays tribute to the various psychedelic and folksy rock acts that paved the way for the starting point of their own bands by covering songs, including those by Bob Dylan, The Beach Boys, Buffalo Springfield, Big Star, Velvet Underground, The Who and Jimi Hendrix.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14548009",
"score": "1.1218938",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Here's That Rainy Day",
"text": "Jack Jones, Gerard Kenny, Steve Lawrence, Peggy Lee, Kenny Rankin, Della Reese, Frank Sinatra, Kiri Te Kanawa, Mel Torme, Sarah Vaughan, Andy Williams and Nancy Wilson. It is also a favorite of jazz instrumentalists, with renditions by Joe Pass, Gene Ammons, Chet Baker, Ray Brown, Dave Brubeck, Paul Desmond, Bill Evans, Art Farmer, Freddie Hubbard, Wes Montgomery, Art Pepper, Oscar Peterson, Kenny Rogers, Toots Thielemans, Urbie Green, Alvin \"Red\" Tyler, L.A. Jazz Quintet and McCoy Tyner. Here's That Rainy Day \"Here's That Rainy Day\" is a popular song with music by Jimmy Van Heusen and lyrics by Johnny Burke that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10819182",
"score": "1.1182544",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Yellow Days",
"text": "Yellow Days \"La mentira (Se te olvida)\", known in English as \"Yellow Days\", is a bolero written by Álvaro Carrillo around 1965. Alan Bernstein wrote the song's lyrics in English. It has become a Latin and jazz standard, having been featured as the theme song of films and \"telenovelas\", as well as being covered by artists such as Frank Sinatra, who sang it to an arrangement by Billy May. It appeared on the \"Francis A. & Edward K.\" (Sinatra and Duke Ellington) album on Reprise. It has also been covered by Jerry Vale, the Sandpipers, Anita Bryant, Johnny Mann, Lenny",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19998608",
"score": "1.1172342",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Yellow Days",
"text": "Dee and Jonah Jones. Yellow Days \"La mentira (Se te olvida)\", known in English as \"Yellow Days\", is a bolero written by Álvaro Carrillo around 1965. Alan Bernstein wrote the song's lyrics in English. It has become a Latin and jazz standard, having been featured as the theme song of films and \"telenovelas\", as well as being covered by artists such as Frank Sinatra, who sang it to an arrangement by Billy May. It appeared on the \"Francis A. & Edward K.\" (Sinatra and Duke Ellington) album on Reprise. It has also been covered by Jerry Vale, the Sandpipers, Anita",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19998609",
"score": "1.1127341",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Rainy Day and Day",
"text": "the opening theme to Television Tokyo Channel 12, Ltd.'s 1997 anime series Virus Buster Serge. Rainy Day and Day \"Rainy Day and Day\" is the first single by the Japanese group Dragon Ash, which was released in 1997. Their subsequent releases (not including full albums) were either maxi singles or LPs containing three or more tracks until the 2008 release of \"Velvet Touch\", which contains only the title track and B-Side \"cover\" \"La Bamba\". The following single \"Tsunagari Sunset\" was also true to its name, with only the title track and B-side \"Thought and Action\". However, 2009's \"Unmei Kyōdōtai\" saw",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8558937",
"score": "1.1060461",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Sunny Days (Armin van Buuren song)",
"text": "Sunny Days (Armin van Buuren song) \"Sunny Days\" is a song by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren. It features the vocals from American singer-songwriter Josh Cumbee. The song was released in the Netherlands by Armada Music as a digital download on 16 June 2017. The song was written by Armin van Buuren, Benno de Goeij, Afshin Salmani, Josh Cumbee, Toby Gad and Gordon Groothedde, and it was produced by van Buuren, Salmani, Cumbee, and Gad. The music video was shot in Bevagna in three days. However, while Armin van Buuren stayed a whole week in Bevagna to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20268309",
"score": "1.1038444",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Sunshine on a Rainy Day",
"text": "the song as the first single from her second studio album, \"Come My Way\". The song peaked at number 26 on the ARIA singles chart and remained in the top 50 for 15 weeks. Sunshine on a Rainy Day \"Sunshine on a Rainy Day\" is a 1990 single released by British female pop singer and songwriter Zoë. The song was originally released at the end of 1990, when it only managed to reach #53 on the UK Singles Chart. It was not until the remix by Youth in August 1991 that it hit #4 on the same chart and became",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9387501",
"score": "1.1023276",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Rainy Night in Georgia",
"text": "include those by indie folk-rock band Hem from their album \"No Word from Tom\" (2006), and by Boz Scaggs from his album \"Memphis\" (2013). Australian band Ross Hanniford Trio recorded a cover of the song on their 1994 album. In 2000, guitarist Eric Essix covered the song on his album \"Southbound\". An electronic-influenced downtempo/chillout version was recorded by Boozoo Bajou and Tony Joe White in 2006. Rod Stewart included the song on his 2009 album \"Soulbook\". Singer Frank Shiner released the song as the first single and video from his 2017 album \"Lonely Town, Lonely Street\". The song is featured",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7320715",
"score": "1.0986574",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Rainy Davis",
"text": "440 \"Sweetheart\" sample from The Descending Dudes album; and Rainy Davis‘ \"Sweetheart \" from the Sweetheart album and more 275 licenses issued by Harry Fox. Albums: Singles: Rainy Davis Denise Lorraine Davis, better known by her stage name Rainy Davis, is an American songwriter, singer and record producer. Out of four \"Billboard\" charted singles, Davis is known best for her song \"Sweetheart\". The single was originally released on the New York-based independent label called Supertronics Records. However, after the song became a hit in the clubs, then on urban radio and eventually crossing over to pop radio, Columbia Records A&R",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5503739",
"score": "1.097229",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Gloomy Sunday",
"text": "song was first recorded in Hungarian by Pál Kalmár in 1935. \"Gloomy Sunday\" was first recorded in English by Hal Kemp in 1936, with lyrics by Sam M. Lewis, and was recorded the same year by Paul Robeson, with lyrics by Desmond Carter. It became well-known throughout much of the English-speaking world after the release of a version by Billie Holiday in 1941. Lewis's lyrics referred to suicide, and the record label described it as the \"Hungarian Suicide Song\". There is a recurring urban legend which claims that many people have committed suicide while listening to this song. The song",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1563238",
"score": "1.0908874",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Sunny Days (Armin van Buuren song)",
"text": "write the music video, the scenes with him were shot in one day. Sunny Days (Armin van Buuren song) \"Sunny Days\" is a song by Dutch DJ and record producer Armin van Buuren. It features the vocals from American singer-songwriter Josh Cumbee. The song was released in the Netherlands by Armada Music as a digital download on 16 June 2017. The song was written by Armin van Buuren, Benno de Goeij, Afshin Salmani, Josh Cumbee, Toby Gad and Gordon Groothedde, and it was produced by van Buuren, Salmani, Cumbee, and Gad. The music video was shot in Bevagna in three",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20268310",
"score": "1.086977",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Rainy Wednesday Records",
"text": "Top 5 hit in 1975), Shark, Wacko and Rhino Records. Goodman's last recording, \"Safe Sex Report\", was released on the Goodname label in 1987; he died in 1989. Rainy Wednesday Records Rainy Wednesday Records was a record label created by novelty artist Dickie Goodman in 1973. In his long career an artist and producer, Goodman released records under a slew of label names, including Luniverse (as Buchanan and Goodman in the late 50s), Rori, Mark-X, 20th Century and Cotique. In 1973, Goodman met the label's co-founder on a rainy Wednesday in New York, providing its name. Goodman started the label",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19937215",
"score": "1.0866714",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Moving On (Zhang Liyin song)",
"text": "days after the breakup as \"rainy days\". Its melody is based on the original Latin tune, but re-arranged by well-known Korean composer, Kenzie. Composed by a long list of composers (Brandon Fraley, Jamelle Fraley, Victor Oquenda, Javier Solis), \"Love Me\" is an upbeat dance track with lyricist written by Huang Zuyin, a famous lyricist who has written songs for Taiwanese groups like Fahrenheit and S.H.E. The song features a rap by Super Junior-M member, Henry. The MV was filmed in the late summer of 2009 at a hotel resort in Jeju Island, Korea. It took two days to film the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14227926",
"score": "1.0836524",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Here's That Rainy Day",
"text": "in ape makeup as part of promotion for his film \"Battle for the Planet of the Apes\". After Carson's death in 2005, Doc Severinsen, Tommy Newsom, and Ed Shaughnessy performed the song with Paul Shaffer and the CBS Orchestra on \"Late Show with David Letterman\". The song has been recorded by many singers from different genres, including Tony Bennett, Dee Dee Bridgewater,Glen Campbell (on a Dionne Warwick Television special \"Dionne Warwick Souled Out\", The Stan Kenton Orchestra, June Christy, Rosemary Clooney, Perry Como, Vic Damone, Billy Eckstine, Ella Fitzgerald, Lou Rawls, Astrud Gilberto (with Stan Getz), Lena Horne, Phyllis Hyman,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10819181",
"score": "1.083612",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35",
"text": "Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35 \"Rainy Day Women ♯12 & 35\" is a song by Bob Dylan. It is the opening track of his 1966 album, \"Blonde on Blonde\". It was initially released as a single in April 1966, reaching No. 7 in the UK and No. 2 in the US chart. \"Rainy Day Women\", recorded in the Nashville studio of Columbia Records, features a raucous brass band backing track. The song's title does not appear anywhere in the lyrics and there has been much debate over the meaning of the recurrent chorus, \"Everybody must get stoned\". This has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8104564",
"score": "1.0833713",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Julie Dubela",
"text": "Seacoast Repertory Theater and an event planned to happen at Six Flags New England. Dubela first appeared on national TV in 2003, when she participated in Fox TV's \"American Juniors\", a reality TV competition, to select members for a new band. She became a semi-finalist. Her last performance of \"Rainy Days and Mondays\" was criticized by the celebrity judges (Deborah Gibson, Gladys Knight and Justin Guarini), for her showing precociousness and nervousness in the performance, and she didn't make it the next stage. Subsequently, she appeared on PAX TV's \"America's Most Talented Kid\", a TV talent competition, where she narrowly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6143414",
"score": "1.081857",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Zoë (British singer)",
"text": "her two solo albums. Zoë released her debut single, \"Sunshine On A Rainy Day\", in late 1990, with two different music videos. It failed to reach the UK Top 40, however it was remixed and re-released in 1991 and it became a Top 10 hit, peaking at number 4. Her début album, \"Scarlet Red and Blue\" (to which singer Sam Brown contributed) included \"Sunshine on a Rainy Day\" and another moderately popular song, \"Lightning\", which peaked and spent a respectable 3 weeks at number 37 on the UK Singles Chart. The album, despite good promotion and reviews, however, did not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8141146",
"score": "1.0775042",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Ima Sugu Hoshii",
"text": "put on their album \"Those Days.\" Sugar Soul's DJ HASEBE and Aiko Machida reproduced the single with Kumi. However, the rap that Kumi performed for the bridge was not in the original song. Japanese rapper ZEEBRA wrote the lyrics for the rap. ZEEBRA had also worked with rapper KM-MARKIT during their time together in the Ubarian Gym, and who Kumi had worked with for her song \"Hot Stuff\" and KM-MARKIT's song \"Rainy Day.\" Jewels from the sister duo the Heartsdales also assisted in writing the lyrics. In South Korea, the single was released under the name \"Jigeum baro weonhaeyo\" and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6979159",
"score": "1.0770402",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Rainy Dayz (Raekwon song)",
"text": "by Harold Melvin and the Blue Notes. Produced by Mr. Dalvin, Mixed & Programming by Diamond D. This song is the longest song on the album. Rainy Dayz (Raekwon song) \"Rainy Dayz\" is the fourth single from Raekwon's debut album \"Only Built 4 Cuban Linx...\", released as a promotional single in 1996, and released sometime in 1996. backed with \"Rainy Dayz (remix)\". The song features fellow Wu-Tang Clan rapper Ghostface Killah in the first verse and its in-house affiliate singer Blue Raspberry in the intro and chorus, with Raekwon rapping the second verse. The song samples the Michael Jackson cover",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12655557",
"score": "1.0769413",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "Rainy Days and Mondays",
"long_answer": "The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"Saturday\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The song was composed in 1971 by the then fairly unknown composers Roger Nichols and Paul Williams. It was released as the first track on the album Carpenters, popularly known as the Tan Album, and the B-side on the single is \"Saturday\", written and sung by Richard Carpenter.",
"short_answers": [
"Paul Williams",
"Roger Nichols",
"Roger Nichols and Paul Williams"
]
}
|
why wasnt agent matthews in miss congeniality 2
|
[
"relocated to Miami",
"gets relocated to Miami"
] |
[
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "agency is alerted, via a letter from the notorious domestic terrorist known only as \"The Citizen\", to a bomb threat at the upcoming 75th annual Miss United States beauty pageant in San Antonio, Texas. Gracie's partner Eric Matthews is put in charge, and he relies on Gracie's suggestions, but he takes credit for them himself. One of Gracie's ideas is to plant an agent undercover at the event. Eric then suggests that Gracie take on that role, replacing Miss New Jersey, who was just disqualified. Beauty pageant coach Victor Melling teaches Gracie how to dress, walk, and behave like a",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "264683",
"score": "1.0442126",
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},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "Stan are being held. It is then up to Hart to save the day once more, but this time with the help of Agent Fuller. Sandra Bullock and writer Marc Lawrence initially had no plans for a sequel. While working on \"Two Weeks Notice\", Bullock and Lawrence joked about ideas for a \"Miss Congeniality\" sequel, some of which \"weren't that far-fetched\" according to Bullock. Las Vegas was featured in an early version of the first film, but was ultimately written out of the script. A five-week shoot in southern Nevada began on April 12, 2004. Approximately half of the film's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923565",
"score": "0.96532416",
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},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "Miss Congeniality (film) Miss Congeniality is a 2000 American action comedy film directed by Donald Petrie, written by Marc Lawrence, Katie Ford, and Caryn Lucas, and starring Sandra Bullock with Michael Caine, Benjamin Bratt, William Shatner, Ernie Hudson, and Candice Bergen. \"Miss Congeniality\" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 22, 2000 and was a box office hit grossing $212 million worldwide. Bullock also garnered a nomination for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Comedy or Musical. A sequel, \"\", was released in March 24, 2005. In 1982, a very young Gracie Hart steps into",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264681",
"score": "0.96060634",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "starred Sandra Bullock, Regina King, Enrique Murciano, William Shatner, Ernie Hudson, Heather Burns, Diedrich Bader, and Treat Williams. The sequel was less successful both critically and commercially, earning only $101,393,569. Miss Congeniality (film) Miss Congeniality is a 2000 American action comedy film directed by Donald Petrie, written by Marc Lawrence, Katie Ford, and Caryn Lucas, and starring Sandra Bullock with Michael Caine, Benjamin Bratt, William Shatner, Ernie Hudson, and Candice Bergen. \"Miss Congeniality\" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on December 22, 2000 and was a box office hit grossing $212 million worldwide. Bullock also garnered a nomination for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264691",
"score": "0.95340836",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "reassignment. When female FBI Agent Sam Fuller gets relocated to New York City from Chicago, Hart doesn't take to her at all. Eventually, the FBI makes Fuller Hart's bodyguard, much to Fuller's disgust, since the dislike appears to be mutual. Ten months later she begins appearing on morning television shows, such as Live with Regis and Kelly, The Oprah Winfrey Show and the Food Channel, giving out fashion advice and promoting her book. However, when her friends, Miss United States Cheryl Fraser and Stan Fields are kidnapped in Las Vegas, Hart goes undercover to try to rescue them, accompanied by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923563",
"score": "0.95319796",
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},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "a playground fight to beat up a bully who is threatening a boy she likes. However, the boy feels humiliated at being rescued \"by a girl\", and rejects her rudely, whereupon she punches him in the nose and leaves to sulk alone. Years later, Gracie is now a tough Special Agent for the FBI. During a sting operation against Russian mobsters, she disobeys her superior's orders in order to save a mob boss who appears to be choking, which causes one of the other agents to be shot. She is demoted to a desk job as punishment. Soon after, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264682",
"score": "0.9383013",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "United States organization. As the event closes down and Gracie and Eric prepare to return to headquarters with a newfound interest in each other, the other contestants name Gracie as \"Miss Congeniality\". Ellen DeGeneres claims that the writer was inspired to when watching her training to walk in high heels and a dress in preparation for the Oscars. The story is set in New York City and San Antonio. Scenes showing the exterior of the St. Regis Hotel, and a few street scenes, were shot on location in New York, and the Alamo and River Walk scenes were shot on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264687",
"score": "0.929701",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (also known as Miss Congeniality 2) is a 2005 American comedy film directed by John Pasquin, written and produced by Mark Lawrence, and starring Sandra Bullock, Regina King, Enrique Murciano, William Shatner, Ernie Hudson, Heather Burns, Diedrich Bader, and Treat Williams. It is the sequel to the 2000 film \"Miss Congeniality\". Bullock, who also produced the film, commented during the film's promotion on the type of story she wanted to tell: \"Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous\" was released by Warner Bros. Pictures on March 24, 2005 and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923561",
"score": "0.90532035",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "scenes were scheduled to be shot in Las Vegas. Major filming locations included the Treasure Island and Venetian resorts. Scenes shot at Treasure Island included its Sirens of TI pirate show, which had never been featured in a film before and was closed to the public for filming. Other filming locations included the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign and the Klondike Hotel and Casino. In May 2004, filming took place at the Lloyd D. George Federal District Courthouse, which served as FBI headquarters within the film. Filming in Las Vegas concluded in mid-May 2004, and moved to Los Angeles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923566",
"score": "0.89998806",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new \"face\" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "for six weeks of shooting, followed by a brief shoot in New York. Bullock also produced the film, and said, \"It does make for a schizophrenic experience. There are times when I'd rather be performing.\" The film grossed $101 million worldwide. It was generally panned by critics, and has received a 15% approval rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 145 reviews. Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous (also known as Miss Congeniality 2) is a 2005 American comedy film directed by John Pasquin, written and produced by Mark Lawrence, and starring",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923567",
"score": "0.8855307",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"text": "Fuller, following up her own lead after video footage of the abduction suggests that Fields was the target rather than Cheryl. This puts her at odds with the FBI, as they are unwilling to lose their mascot and are unsure if she's still up to the task. The kidnappers move Cheryl and Stan to the ship at the Treasure Island Hotel and Casino which they plan to blow up. Soon afterwards, Hart, Fuller and Joel arrive at the Oasis Drag club where they end up singing Tina Turner songs and are told by a Dolly Parton contestant where Cheryl and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4923564",
"score": "0.8733322",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "as if its ideal audience consisted of weary airline passengers\". The film's first DVD edition, released in 2001, included two audio commentaries, some deleted scenes, the theatrical trailer, and two documentaries about the making of the film.A deluxe-edition DVD, released in 2005, featured different cover art for the DVD and menu. It contained the same features as the other DVD version plus a quiz hosted by William Shatner and a sneak peek at the upcoming sequel. In 2009, a double DVD edition was released that included the sequel, \"\". A sequel, \"\", was released on March 24, 2005. The film",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264690",
"score": "0.85997576",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "location in San Antonio. However, most of the movie was actually shot in Austin, Texas: scenes depicting the interior of the St. Regis were shot in Austin's Driskill Hotel; the pageant scenes were shot at the Bass Concert Hall at the University of Texas at Austin; and scenes depicting the pageant contestants in their hotel rooms were shot in the Omni Austin at South Park. The film was the fifth highest-grossing film in North America on its opening weekend, making $13,853,686 USD; it had a 5% increase in earnings the following week—enough to make the film reach #3; and overall",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264688",
"score": "0.8503962",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "It's Love Again",
"text": "her beauty. Carlton is somewhat taken aback when the real lady turns up in person, impersonated by aspiring actress Elaine Bradford (Jessie Matthews), in search of her big break. In \"The New York Times\", Frank Nugent wrote, \"Gaumont-British has yet to do full justice to Miss Jessie Matthews, first lady of England's musical comedy screen. Her latest picture, \"It's Love Again,\" which opened yesterday at the Roxy, imposes the entire burden of a cumbersome and unevenly paced comedy upon her shoulders and, although she rises to the task with her accustomed loveliness, gayety and talent, she is unable to convert",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15453399",
"score": "0.8385778",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "partying, where Gracie tries to dig into Cheryl's past, but inadvertently learns from the others that Kathy's past as a pageant contestant is suspect, including the fact that she won after the leading contestant suddenly came down with food poisoning. Gracie comes to believe Kathy is a \"Citizen\" copycat. However, when Gracie reports this to Eric and the team, she learns that \"The Citizen\" has been arrested on an unrelated charge, and because there is no further threat, their supervisor has pulled the mission. Gracie insists that she suspects something is wrong, and Eric returns to Texas to help her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264685",
"score": "0.8367114",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Jenny Bradley",
"text": "been in a soap. People used to say 'she's just a soap actress' and I would think 'no, she's an actress'. I thought I would go and do lots of regional theatre to earn my stripes and gain respect as a result.\" In 1993, Matthews accepted an offer to return as Jenny for ten episodes. Matthews hoped that by showcasing an older Jenny she could change casting directors' perceptions of her. Matthews: \"I was still getting offered rebellious teenage roles and I was 23. I thought I would go back so people could see I was older now and it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8694918",
"score": "0.83564967",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Stacy Layne Matthews",
"text": "member on the season eight grand finale. She will appear again on \"Drag Race\" in the second episode of the fourth all stars season, as part of the main challenge. Outside of \"Drag Race\", Matthews appeared in a season seven episode of Teen Mom OG, \"Runways, Rehab and Retail\" in January 2018, giving runway advice to Farrah Abraham and her daughter. Matthews was named Miss Illusion Continental Plus in 2013, a prelim to Miss Continental Plus. She was crowned Miss Southeast UsofA at Large in 2018. Matthews was featured with Manila Luzon on the song \"Heather\" by The AAA Girls",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17662868",
"score": "0.8306854",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "DeLane Matthews",
"text": "and \"I Oughta Be in Pictures\". Following daytime television work in \"The Guiding Light\" in New York City, Matthews transitioned into primetime television on the Peter Boyle ABC comedy series \"Joe Bash\" (1986), playing the part of the streetwalker Lorna. It was cancelled after six episodes. In 1988, she went to star opposite Scott Bakula in the CBS sitcom \"Eisenhower and Lutz\". She later starred on the NBC sitcom \"FM\" (1989-1990) with Robert Hays and Patricia Richardson, and in 1992 landed a leading role on the ABC sitcom \"Laurie Hill\". All sitcoms were cancelled after single seasons. In 1993, Matthews",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10952517",
"score": "0.8273057",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Love Potion No. 9 (film)",
"text": "Love Potion No. 9 (film) Love Potion No. 9 is a 1992 American romantic comedy film starring Sandra Bullock and Tate Donovan. Paul Matthews (Tate Donovan) is a lonely biochemist with a crush on his unavailable co-worker, biologist Diane Farrow (Sandra Bullock). His friends take him to a gypsy on 34th and Vine named Madame Ruth (Anne Bancroft). After reading his palm and seeing absolutely no romance in his life, Ruth gives him a small amount of Love Potion No. 8 on a piece of paper. As a scientist, Paul has doubts and ends up throwing it in the trash",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5464773",
"score": "0.8244111",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "it was a box office hit, grossing more than $106 million in the United States, and more than $212.7 million worldwide. It was nominated for several awards, including two Golden Globes: Sandra Bullock earned a nod for Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - Comedy/Musical, and Bosson's \"One in a Million\" was nominated for Best Original Song in a Motion Picture. The film has a 42% rating at Rotten Tomatoes and a metascore of 43 at Metacritic, mixed to poor reviews. \"The New York Times\" described it as \"a standard-issue fish-out-of-water comedy\" which \"seems happily, deliberately second-rate,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264689",
"score": "0.8210883",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Wendy Raquel Robinson",
"text": "roles in \"A Thin Line Between Love and Hate\" (1996), \"Ringmaster\" (1998), \"Two Can Play That Game\" (2001), and \"Rebound\" (2005). In 2000, she played Miss California in the film \"Miss Congeniality\". In 2006, Robinson began portraying the role of Tasha Mack, in the comedy \"The Game\". After three seasons, the series was canceled by The CW in May 2008. BET struck a deal with \"The Game\"'s parent company CBS to develop new episodes of the series, relocating taping of the show from Los Angeles to Atlanta, and announcing its renewal at the April 2010 upfronts. \"The Game\" returned to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6893697",
"score": "0.81921756",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Heather Burns",
"text": "Heather Burns Heather Burns (born April 7, 1975) is an American actress, known for her role as Miss Rhode Island in the 2000 film \"Miss Congeniality\". Her other film appearances include \"You've Got Mail\" (1998), \"Two Weeks Notice\" (2002) and \"Bewitched\" (2005). Burns was born in Chicago, Illinois. She is married to actor Ajay Naidu. She graduated from Evanston Township High School. She is a graduate of New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. Burns has appeared in a number of films with Sandra Bullock, including \"Miss Congeniality\" (2000), \"Two Weeks Notice\" (2002) and \"\" (2005). More recently she",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5646069",
"score": "0.8140116",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Nicole Matthews",
"text": "disqualification against Tomoka Nakagawa at Volume 70 when Perez interfered. On October 10, 2015, on Volume 77, Matthews lost the Shimmer Championship to Madison Eagles in a No Disqualification match. In early 2009 Matthews took part in the first season tapings of Wrestlicious, which began airing in March 2010. In the promotion she uses the ring name Hope and forms the tag team The Naughty Girls with partner Faith, played by Portia Perez. She debuted on the fifth episode on March 31, teaming with Faith in a losing effort against the team of Charlotte and Paige Webb. On May 30,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12559046",
"score": "0.810084",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Sandra Bullock filmography",
"text": "Hart, in the comedy \"Miss Congeniality\". In 2002, she executive produced her first television series \"George Lopez\" and starred with Hugh Grant in the romantic comedy \"Two Weeks Notice\". In 2004, Bullock starred in the crime drama \"Crash\" and shared the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture with the rest of the film's ensemble cast. In 2006, Bullock reunited with her \"Speed\" co-star Keanu Reeves in the romantic drama \"The Lake House\", and she also played Harper Lee in the Truman Capote biographical film \"Infamous\". In 2009, Bullock starred in the films",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17342846",
"score": "0.80957997",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "William Shatner",
"text": "the franchise. Shatner co-starred in the movie \"Miss Congeniality\" (2000) as Stan Fields, playing the role of co-host of the Miss United States Pageant alongside future \"Boston Legal\" co-star Candice Bergen. He reprised the role in the sequel \"\" (2004), in which Stan Fields was kidnapped in Las Vegas along with the winner of the pageant of the previous year. (Shatner hosted the Miss USA Pageant in 2001 as a real presenter in Gary, Indiana.) In the live-action/animated film \"Osmosis Jones\" (2001), he voiced Mayor Phlegmming, the self-centered head of the \"City of Frank\", a community comprising all the cells",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12381333",
"score": "0.80701774",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Carole Mathews",
"text": "however, telling her to wait until she was 21. In 1938, Matthews was named \"Miss Chicago\" and, in doing so, qualified for a trip to California and a screen test. While in California, she auditioned for the Earl Carroll Follies and won a role in the show for 1939. Matthews attended the Chicago Conservatory of Music and Drama, where she studied ballet, voice, and drama. She also hosted a WGN radio program, \"Breakfast Time with Carole Mathews.\" Soon she was engaging in modeling. In 1939, Mathews had some bit parts in films, using the name Jeanne Francis. In 1942, she",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17885853",
"score": "0.8067386",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Love Potion No. 9 (film)",
"text": "8. \"Love Potion No. 9\" received poor reviews from critics, as the film holds a 27% rating on Rotten Tomatoes from a sample of 11 reviews. Variety however called it A light-hearted rom-com. Love Potion No. 9 (film) Love Potion No. 9 is a 1992 American romantic comedy film starring Sandra Bullock and Tate Donovan. Paul Matthews (Tate Donovan) is a lonely biochemist with a crush on his unavailable co-worker, biologist Diane Farrow (Sandra Bullock). His friends take him to a gypsy on 34th and Vine named Madame Ruth (Anne Bancroft). After reading his palm and seeing absolutely no romance",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5464779",
"score": "0.80509704",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality (film)",
"text": "continue the investigation against orders. In the final round, Gracie is stunned when she is named first runner up. Cheryl is named Miss United States, but as she goes to accept the tiara, Gracie realizes that Frank, who is actually Kathy's son, impersonated \"The Citizen\" to make the pageant bomb threat. Suspecting foul play, she stops the crowning ceremony in time, and the tiara, rigged with a bomb, explodes in the stage scenery. As Kathy and Frank are arrested, Gracie determines that the two wanted to kill the pageant winner on stage as revenge for Kathy's termination from the Miss",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "264686",
"score": "0.79763114",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Divergent (film)",
"text": "Kravitz, and Ansel Elgort respectively. Ray Stevenson, Jai Courtney and Aaron Eckhart were announced to be in talks to join the cast on March 15, 2013. Stevenson and Courtney joined the cast as Marcus Eaton and Eric. That same day, Miles Teller was cast as Peter. Kate Winslet was announced to be in talks on January 24, 2013. Later, it was confirmed that she would portray Jeanine Matthews. Talking about playing the negative character for the first time, Winslet said, \"I'm no idiot. The idea went through my head that I have never played a baddie before, I was almost",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16659327",
"score": "0.7948296",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Miss Congeniality 2: Armed and Fabulous",
"long_answer": "To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new \"face\" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.",
"chunked_long_answer": "To capitalize on her publicity, the FBI decide to make Gracie the new \"face\" of the FBI. Hurt after being dumped by her boyfriend, fellow Agent Eric Matthews (who gets relocated to Miami), she agrees to the reassignment.",
"short_answers": [
"gets relocated to Miami",
"relocated to Miami"
]
}
|
who played nicky on the drew carey show
|
[
"Kate Walsh"
] |
[
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "The Drew Carey Show The Drew Carey Show is an American sitcom that aired on ABC from 1995 to 2004, and was set in Cleveland, Ohio, and revolved around the retail office and home life of \"everyman\" Drew Carey, a fictionalized version of the actor. The show was created by Carey, who had both stand-up comedy and writing experience, and Bruce Helford, who was once a writer for \"Roseanne\". It was the first television show to have an episode simulcast on the Internet. Produced by Mohawk Productions in association with Warner Bros. Television, it debuted on September 13, 1995, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8777052",
"score": "1.130248",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "and directed by Michael Lessac. Although set in Cleveland, the show was actually filmed at the Warner Bros. Television studios in Burbank, California. Helford had noticed that the cast did not look at each other while saying their lines and he tried to encourage them to look at one another, so they would laugh. Helford told Lessac to bring the cast in on a weekend, where there was no pressure, so they could \"goof around\" and relax. Drew's job required him to work from a cubicle and Helford stated that no one had really done a show dealing with that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754555",
"score": "1.1146165",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "Writing. His early stand-up career led to supporting roles on television shows, during which he developed the character of a hapless middle-class bachelor. In 1993, Carey had a small role in the film \"Coneheads\" as a taxi passenger. In 1994, Carey co-starred with John Caponera in \"The Good Life\", a short-lived sitcom on NBC. After the show was cancelled, Bruce Helford, a writer on the show, hired Carey as a consultant for the television show \"Someone Like Me\". After their stint on \"Someone Like Me\", Carey and Helford developed and produced the storyline for \"The Drew Carey Show\". The sitcom",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323708",
"score": "1.1028831",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Cleveland Rocks! Music from The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "show. The album won Best New Material Record Release at the 12th TV Theme Music Awards. \"The Drew Carey Show\" premiered in 1995 and soon become known for its elaborate song and dance numbers, which were developed in a bid to increase ratings. On April 27, 1998, a reporter for MTV.com announced that an album featuring several of the songs used in the show would be released the following month. The album consists of 24 tracks by artists such as Joe Walsh, Little Richard and Iggy Pop, as well as songs sung by Drew Carey. Songs incorporated into the episodes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18354260",
"score": "1.0746753",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Katy Selverstone",
"text": "Katy Selverstone Katy Selverstone (born February 4, 1966; New York City) is an American actress. She is primarily known for her work on \"The Drew Carey Show\" as Lisa Robbins, Drew Carey's girlfriend in the first season and a couple of episodes in the second season of the show. After that, she got roles on other shows that lasted less than one season (such as \"Chicago Sons\", \"\" and \"Cupid\"). More recently, she worked on higher profile shows (such as \"NYPD Blue\", \"\" and \"\") and movies (\"Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood\"), and portrayed FBI agent Nancy Floyd in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7414484",
"score": "1.0745122",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza",
"text": "and takes part in games with the other cast members. The series also interacted with the viewing audience by allowing viewers to enter a sweepstakes to win a trip for two to Las Vegas and a stay in the MGM Grand Hotel. One random winner was selected per day for each episode aired. In addition to hosting the show, Carey also serves as one of the main performers. Other members of the cast include Heather Anne Campbell, Jeff Davis, Chip Esten, Kathy Kinney, Jonathan Mangum, Sean Masterson, Colin Mochrie, Greg Proops, Brad Sherwood, Ryan Stiles, and series musician Bob Derkach.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15296298",
"score": "1.0716891",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "of the Improv All-Stars, a group of eleven actors who perform in unscripted skits. The group joined Carey in all three of his improv shows, \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\", \"Drew Carey's Green Screen Show\", and \"Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza\", and some members had major roles or guest-starred on \"The Drew Carey Show\". The Improv All-Stars travel on comedy tours, performing at comedy clubs throughout the United States. Beginning in 2007, Carey began hosting game shows, beginning with his April selection as host of the CBS game show pilot \"Power of 10\". The show ran from August 7, 2007 to January",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323713",
"score": "1.0701208",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "with the fact that her looks might stop her from getting some jobs. Mimi does not like Drew's advice and leaves the bar. Needing to fill the cosmetics position quickly, Drew believes he has found an ideal candidate in Natalie (Natasha Silver) until Kate turns up to apply for the job. Drew admits that he is worried that Kate will hate him if he has to fire her. However, Mr. Bell insists Drew hire Kate, having seen her in the lobby and Drew agrees. Kate later comes to Drew's house to ask him, Lewis and Oswald, which perfume samples to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754546",
"score": "1.0685989",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "for nine words deemed offensive to be removed from the script, as well as a mention of Jack Daniel's and a line that implied one of the characters was going to buy and use drugs. Carey plays a fictionalized version of himself. Drew is an assistant director of personnel at the Winfred-Lauder department store. Carey explained \"I wanted a white-collar job with no authority and a bad boss. Someone to do all the work and get no credit. He could've worked in a bank, in insurance.\" Carey said it was \"a no-brainer\" on settling on the character, saying \"It's just",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754550",
"score": "1.0683155",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the \"Impotent Bisexual Bigamist\". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "were going to call it The Drew F. Carey Show and see if anybody at home could figure it out!\" The show revolved around the life Carey would have lived if he had not become a stand-up comedian. Carey told Helford that he thought he would have been employed in a mid-level management job, which was a relatable job for most Americans at the time. Carey wanted a show that was about regular people. He also wanted to set the show in Cleveland as it was his hometown and it was not getting a lot of attention. Carey and Helford",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754548",
"score": "1.0662107",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Drew Live",
"text": "the \"Los Angeles Times\" that he was on \"damage control\" during filming. Joining the cast for \"Drew Live\" were several \"Whose Line\" regulars. Colin Mochrie reprised his role as Eugene from the previous season of \"The Drew Carey Show\". Mochrie's agent stated that he and Carey would \"test the limits of live TV\" during the live episode. Brad Sherwood acted as the host and introduced the improv scenarios, while Wayne Brady and musician Laura Hall appeared during the various improv moments of the episode. Italian quick change artist Arturo Brachetti made a guest appearance. In its original broadcast, \"Drew Live\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17824978",
"score": "1.0610734",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "Drew Carey Drew Allison Carey (born May 23, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, sports executive, and game show host. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps and making a name for himself in stand-up comedy, Carey eventually gained popularity starring in his own sitcom, \"The Drew Carey Show\", and serving as host of the U.S. version of the improv comedy show \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\", both of which aired on ABC. Drew Carey has appeared in several films, television series, music videos, a made-for-television film, and a computer game. He has hosted the game show \"The Price Is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323703",
"score": "1.0587136",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour",
"text": "blocked artery. Production on the show continued while Carey recovered and filming on the episode was due to start during the week commencing August 13, 2001. Executive producer Bruce Helford told Richard Huff of the \"Daily News\" that some things had to be moved around to accommodate Carey's absence, such as the music sequences, which had to be shot without Carey. Helford added that Carey's planned appearance in a dance number could not be shot until the comedian received the okay from his doctor. Carey returned to work two weeks later and the episode was eventually filmed on August 20,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18390802",
"score": "1.052084",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "professional Scott (Jonathan Mangum), tech-smart but naïve twenty-somethings who own the Neverending Store, an online retailer with offices in the same location. In addition to his day job, Drew, along with Oswald, Lewis, and Kate (replaced from around Season 5 onwards by Mimi), runs a small business out of his garage, selling Buzz Beer, a caffeinated alcoholic drink. It becomes popular in the region and is served at the group's hangout, The Warsaw Tavern. The first season's opening credits consisted of a caricature of Carey—consisting of his face and a yellow tie—singing the Robert McGuire-penned \"Moon Over Parma\". The song",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8777056",
"score": "1.0493677",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "Club made Carey the newest inductee of the group's Comedy Central Roast. His friend Ryan Stiles (who costarred in \"The Drew Carey Show\" and \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\") served as the roastmaster. Carey's income from \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\" and \"The Drew Carey Show\" led to his inclusion on the \"Forbes\" list of highest-paid entertainers of 1998, at 24th with $45.5 million. For the WB's 2004–2005 prime time schedule, Carey co-produced and starred in \"Drew Carey's Green Screen Show\", a spin-off of \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\". It was canceled by the WB, but picked up shortly afterward",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323711",
"score": "1.0485702",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Stanley Anderson",
"text": "Stanley Anderson Stanley Anderson (October 23, 1939 – June 24, 2018) was an American actor. He is perhaps best known for playing Drew Carey's father on \"The Drew Carey Show\". Born in Billings, Montana, Anderson attended Garfield Elementary School, Lincoln Junior High School, and Billings Senior High School. He graduated from San Jose State University in the 1960s with a theater master's degree, He had two years of military service in Korea, where he served in a broadcasting post that he compared to the film \"Good Morning, Vietnam.\" Between returning from Korea and becoming an actor, he worked with display",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10004323",
"score": "1.0453811",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "co-creators Carey and Bruce Helford, while Michael Lessac directed. It was shot in April 1995 at the Warner Bros. Television studios in Burbank, California. The episode ranked joint 29th in television programs with the most viewers for the week of September 11–17, 1995. Critical response was mixed, with many comparing the show to the NBC sitcom \"Friends\". Ray Richmond from the \"Los Angeles Daily News\" praised Carey's performance, but thought the episode did not click, while \"Variety's\" Tony Scott liked the opening sequence and Lessac's \"inventive\" direction. The episode opens with Drew (Drew Carey) and his friends Lewis Kiniski (Ryan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754543",
"score": "1.0439272",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Clay Graham",
"text": "entertainment website for children. Co-created with Kathy Kinney, who played \"Mimi\" on \"The Drew Carey Show\" and who also stars as \"Mrs. P\" in the site, and Dana Plautz, a former executive with Hanna-Barbera and Intel, the comic website celebrates reading and launched on November 10, 2008. Clay Graham Clay Graham (born May 5, 1959) is an American comedy writer, television producer and website creator, best known for his work on \"The Drew Carey Show\". Born in Phoenix, Arizona, Graham began writing comedy in high school, selling material to humorist Robert Orben for seven dollars a joke. While still in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12296886",
"score": "1.0428919",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Sean Masterson",
"text": "K. Roberts and produced by Masterson, Styles, and Richard Elwood. Masterson may be known best for his appearances in improvisational shows Drew Carey's Green Screen Show, and Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza. He has appeared in numerous TV series apart from the two \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\" spin-offs. Sean Masterson Sean Masterson is a comedy actor, writer, director and producer known for his work with Drew Carey, writing on \"The Drew Carey Show\", and as an improvisational performer on \"Whose Line Is It Anyway?\" spin-offs \"Drew Carey's Green Screen Show\", and \"Drew Carey's Improv-A-Ganza\". Masterson was raised in Los Angeles and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15654025",
"score": "1.0427277",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"text": "ranked among the Top 30 programs for four seasons before sliding in popularity. Ratings declined sharply during the final two seasons, and the last two episodes aired on September 8, 2004. Drew Carey is a fictionalized version of himself, a self-proclaimed \"everyman\". Drew Carey (the actor) has been quoted as saying his character is what the actor would have been if he had not become an actor. He has a \"gang\" of friends who embark with him on his everyday trials and tribulations. Drew's friends include erudite but unambitious Lewis (Ryan Stiles), excitable dimwitted Oswald (Diedrich Bader) and his friend",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8777053",
"score": "1.039648",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Nicky Ladanowski",
"text": "Nicky Ladanowski Nicky Ladanowski is an Los Angeles-based English actress and writer working in television, film and theatre. She is known for various roles in an extensive film and television career including Merle Jackson in \"Coronation Street\", Mandy Cutler in \"Paradise Heights\" and Mand in \"Grease Monkeys\". She is often known for playing beautiful and glamorous characters such as Anne-Marie in \"Hollyoaks\" and loveable characters such as nurse Sarah in \"Death Becomes Him\" and Lisa Trotter in \"The Sarah Jane Adventures\" for the BBC. She is also famed for her many comedic roles in shows such as the BBC's \"My",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10188805",
"score": "1.0374391",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Nicky Jones (actor)",
"text": "Nicky Jones (actor) Nicholas Peter Jones (born July 16, 1996) is an American former voice actor. He is best known for playing Chowder on the Cartoon Network series of the same name. He began his career in early 2006 at age 9, with the direct-to-video film, Disney's \"Bambi II\" as Flower. In The Shopping Spree, during the live action scene when the animation was lost, he appeared. Other characters he is known for playing on \"Chowder\" is Mr. Tummy, Chowder's \"closest friend\" and belly button/gut. Early in his career, he starred in various commercials and movies, playing minor roles. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19367036",
"score": "1.035552",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "promote. The episode ends with Drew playing pool in his garden in the rain, while the others watch through the window. Drew Carey and Bruce Helford co-created \"The Drew Carey Show\". Having worked together twice before on \"The Good Life\" and \"Someone Like Me\", Carey joined up with Helford and told him he wanted to develop his own show. They each came up with various ideas and created \"The Drew Carey Show\". Carey later told a group of television critics at the network launch that the series was originally going to be called \"The Drew F...ing Carey Show\", saying \"We",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754547",
"score": "1.0330064",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "under the pseudonym \"Brooks Parkenridge\". He was at the 2006 FIFA World Cup in the summer of 2006, for his television show \"Drew Carey's Sporting Adventures\". Carey has starred in only a few television shows and films, but has made numerous guest-star appearances in a variety of sitcoms and comedy shows. Drew Carey Drew Allison Carey (born May 23, 1958) is an American actor, comedian, sports executive, and game show host. After serving in the U.S. Marine Corps and making a name for himself in stand-up comedy, Carey eventually gained popularity starring in his own sitcom, \"The Drew Carey Show\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323737",
"score": "1.0327672",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour",
"text": "out of character, loosely oriented around a middle/high school theme. Interspersed between sketches are musical performances from Sugar Ray, SHeDAISY, Smash Mouth, Uncle Kracker and the Peter Frampton band. The episode was first teased by Carey during an interview in July 2001. Filming for the episode had to be delayed after Carey fell ill and had to undergo an angioplasty. The music sequences had to be shot without Carey and a planned dance number could not be filmed until Carey was well enough. Carey returned to work two weeks after surgery and the episode was filmed on August 20, 2001.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18390795",
"score": "1.02703",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "he immerses himself in the culture of the towns and states he visits. In early 2008, Carey appeared in Matt Groening's \"The Simpsons\" as part of the episode \"All About Lisa\" as a guest on the \"Krusty the Clown Show\". He also surfaced in the second season of \"Community\", playing a well-liked former boss to Jeff Winger. On March 4, 2014, it was announced on \"Good Morning America\" that Carey would compete on the season 18 of \"Dancing with the Stars\". He was partnered with professional dancer Cheryl Burke. The couple was eliminated on the sixth week of competition, finishing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323722",
"score": "1.0239023",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey",
"text": "competed in the 1988 \"Star Search\". Carey was working as a stand-up comedian when he appeared on \"The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson\" in November 1991. His performance that night impressed Carson, who invited Carey to the couch next to his desk; this was considered a rare honor for any comedian. In that same year, Carey joined the \"14th Annual Young Comedians Special\" on HBO and made his first appearance on \"Late Night with David Letterman\". In 1994, Carey wrote his own stand-up comedy special, \"Drew Carey: Human Cartoon\", which aired on Showtime and won a CableACE Award for Best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12323707",
"score": "1.0228357",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour",
"text": "2001. \"Drew Carey's Back-to-School Rock 'n' Roll Comedy Hour\" featured guest appearances from actresses Amanda Bynes and Jenny McCarthy. In addition to Uncle Kracker, music performances also came from Sugar Ray and The Peter Frampton Band. Country music group SHeDAISY sang a re-mixed version of their song \"I Will… But\". Rock band Smash Mouth also filmed an appearance, performing their track \"Pacific Coast Party\". The band's vocalist Steve Harwell commented, \"That was fun. That appearance, and a few lines in the film \"Rat Race\", rekindled a childhood dream. I always said I wanted to be either a rock star or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18390803",
"score": "1.021487",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Pilot (The Drew Carey Show)",
"text": "drove to the city together in January 1995 to do some research. They toured the local bars to try to get the right look for the show's bar the Warsaw Tavern. Carey and Helford also heard the song \"Moon Over Parma\" in one of the bars and it was used during the title sequence. Carey and Helford co-wrote the pilot episode together. Helford had expected \"The Drew Carey Show\" to air at 8:30pm. When ABC placed the show in the 7:30 pm slot, Helford agreed to soften the language in the pilot. An executive from Standards and Practices had asked",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17754549",
"score": "1.0211424",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "The Drew Carey Show",
"long_answer": "Drew also got married a number of times during this portion of the show. His first marriage was to Diane, a cocktail waitress in Las Vegas. This was only temporary however, as she needed Drew to retain custody of her children. His second marriage was to Mr. Wick, who forced Drew to marry him in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the \"Impotent Bisexual Bigamist\". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.",
"chunked_long_answer": "in a sham same-sex civil union in Vermont (the only place it was legal at the time) in hopes that the marriage would placate the Immigration and Naturalization Service. At the beginning of Season 7, Drew married both Nikki and Kate (the former had been a recurring character for some time since Season 3, and suffered from weight problems). They found out about this and all three of these marriages ended in divorce, and Drew became known as the \"Impotent Bisexual Bigamist\". Nikki eventually returned, and the actress, Kate Walsh, donned a fat suit again and moved in with Drew.",
"short_answers": [
"Kate Walsh"
]
}
|
who designed the traffic circle in long beach ca
|
[
"German engineer Werner Ruchti",
"Werner Ruchti"
] |
[
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "significantly dropped, making the circle one of the safest statistically in the nation. The aforementioned modifications ran a cost of $350,000. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was very similar to the 1932 Garces Memorial Circle located in Bakersfield, though the Bakersfield circle has not undergone modernization to roundabout standards. Today the circle handles over 60,000 vehicles a day, mostly commuters from Orange County in the south heading to jobs in the South Bay area of Los Angeles County. The roadway is now owned by the State of California but managed by the City of Long Beach in cooperation with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8143363",
"score": "1.341538",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). The city provides landscaping and traffic code enforcement, while the state provides road maintenance. In addition to the main traffic circle, there is also an Outer Traffic Circle that is concentric with the main roundabout. The artery Atherton Street ends at the Outer Traffic Circle and does not continue toward the main roundabout Los Alamitos Circle The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle, informally known as the Long Beach Traffic Circle (or just the \"Traffic Circle\", as there is only 1 other high volume traffic circle in Southern California), is a roundabout at the intersection of Lakewood",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8143364",
"score": "1.3219333",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach. The Los Alamitos Traffic Circle was one of the first of its kind to be constructed in the United States, and prior to their truncation, was also an end point of US 6 (which connects Provincetown, Massachusetts some to the east) and US 91. In 1993, the circle was converted from an old-style traffic circle to a modern",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8143361",
"score": "1.2421525",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Leif Ourston",
"text": "built two roundabouts in Nevada in the Summerlin master-planned community in the western Las Vegas valley in 1990, followed by others around the US. This allowed Caltrans to confidently convert the Long Beach Traffic Circle to a modern roundabout. These early demonstrations and others elsewhere gradually allowed statistical proof that roundabouts were also safe and effective in North America, paving the way for confident widespread use throughout the US and Canada. Leif Ourston Leif Ourston was a pioneer proponent of modern roundabouts in the United States, years before any had been built here. He opened his engineering company in 1984,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14818697",
"score": "1.2224207",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Leif Ourston",
"text": "the same as old traffic circles, and are instead a valuable, proven, safe, and effective modern intersection suitable for general use in the United States. In the 1980s, roundabouts were regarded fearfully in the US, and met repeated setbacks as a result. Early proposals looked for special “suitable” sites for experiment, engendered strong opposition from road agencies and the public, and consequently had to be abandoned. Among many proposed California sites were Goleta and Santa Barbara (1985), Oxnard (1986), Ojai and Valencia (1988), and several locations in Long Beach. In May 1986, at his own expense, Ourston brought Frank Blackmore",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14818693",
"score": "1.1883674",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Edward Killingsworth",
"text": "and was one of Southern California's first post and beam structures. Edward Killingsworth partnered with Jules Brady (born 1908) and Waugh Smith (1917-2010) in 1953 and together they designed 4 Case Study Houses in 1960 (3 were built and are still standing, though one has been drastically altered), along with the Opdahl house and several other large projects. Waugh Smith left he partnership in 1963. From 1984 until his retirement in the early 2000s, Killingsworth became a partner in Killingsworth, Stricker, Lindgren, Wilson and Associate. He went on to design many highly acclaimed projects in Long Beach. One of them,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8906913",
"score": "1.1693573",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "A.E. Hanson",
"text": "architect George Washington Smith in Pasadena, California. In 1930, Hanson designed the gardens of the Monterey Colonial style mansion of D.C. Norcross designed by architect Roland Coate, located at 673 Siena Way in Bel Air, Los Angeles. He also designed the gardens of the Doheny Library on the campus of the University of Southern California. In the 1930s, Hanson developed two gated communities, Rolling Hills, California, as well as Hidden Hills, California. From 1932 to 1944, he served as President of the Palos Verdes Corporation. He also worked with architect Charles H. Cheney (1884-1943) to design a highway surrounding the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17315247",
"score": "1.1270298",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Terry Braunstein (artist)",
"text": "mosaic street improvement project in downtown Long Beach; and a high book, made of Byzantine mosaic, stainless steel and glass for the City of Cerritos. She was commissioned to create two photo-installations for the Los Angeles County Museum of Art's \"Windows on Wilshire\" series, curated by Howard Fox. In 2007 she completed mosaics and colored windows for the Sun Valley Health Center through the Los Angeles County Arts Commission, and projects for the L.B. Transit at six different bus stations, a North Long Beach Entryway mosaic for the Redevelopment Agency of Long Beach, and assisted Councilwoman Gerrie Schipske with art",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19303243",
"score": "1.1092973",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Roundabout",
"text": "of the first American roundabouts for both autos and streetcars (trams) in the Hanchett Residence Park in what is now San Jose, California. The first British circular junction was built in Letchworth Garden City in 1909. Its centre originally was intended partly as a traffic island for pedestrians. It was featured in the film \"The World's End\". In the early 20th century, numerous traffic circles were constructed in the United States, particularly in the northeast. Examples include a circle in Atherton, California. Widespread use of the modern roundabout began when the UK's Transport Research Laboratory engineers re-engineered and standardised circular",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "696936",
"score": "1.1083179",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Long Beach Plaza",
"text": "Long Beach Plaza Long Beach Plaza was a two-level shopping mall located in Downtown Long Beach, California. It was designed in the 1970s by The Hahn Company and opened in 1982. The eight-block dumbbell-shaped mall was an enclosed structure and included a two-story deck parking structure on both sides. The mall was previously anchored by J. C. Penney, Montgomery Ward and Buffums' (which closed in 1991). Problems with the mall included the fact that the mall structure (which included stores that faced inward) had no connection with the rest of Downtown Long Beach area. The closure of the nearby Naval",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7970643",
"score": "1.104676",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Bakersfield, California",
"text": "Traffic Circle, informally known as Garces Circle or just The Circle, is the only traffic circle in Bakersfield, California. The traffic circle is located at the intersection of Chester Avenue, Golden State Avenue (State Route 204) and 30th St in Bakersfield. The Circle was built circa 1932 as a part of US 99. A large sculpture of Father Francisco Garces was erected inside the circle in 1939. Bakersfield is served by Golden Empire Transit. Eighteen routes are operated, the majority of which serve the urbanized portion of the county which includes the city of Bakersfield. Bakersfield is also served by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1008199",
"score": "1.1020685",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Edward Killingsworth",
"text": "the \"Opdahl House\", also in Naples and just blocks away from Case Study House #25, stands as a monument to Mid-Century architecture. By the early-1960s, Killingsworth also went on to design civic and commercial buildings in Long Beach. For more than 40 years from 1962, he established and implemented the masterplan for the CSULB campus. Killingsworth designed the main architecture building of his alma mater, the USC School of Architecture's Watt Hall (1974) where he served as adjunct professor. As the years passed and the honors piled up, Killingsworth's architectural projects grew in size and scale, from residential buildings in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8906914",
"score": "1.100518",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Sumner Spaulding",
"text": "and Walter I. Webber, they designed the Malaga Cove Plaza, a shopping center in the gated community of Palos Verdes Estates from 1922 to 1924. They designed the fraternity house of Phi Kappa Sigma located at 10938 Strathmore Drive off the campus of UCLA in Westwood, Los Angeles in 1929. From 1928 to 1930, they designed the Eli P. Clark Dormitory on the campus of Pomona College. In partnership with Clarence Gordon DeSwarte and John Leon Rex, they designed the Leibig Guest House and Farmer's Cottage in Encino, California, which won an Honor Award from the Southern California Chapter of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18259550",
"score": "1.0988425",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Traffic circle",
"text": "in order to exit the circle. Design criteria include: French architect Eugène Hénard was designing one-way circular intersections as early as 1877. American architect William Phelps Eno favored small traffic circles. He designed New York City's famous Columbus Circle, which was built in 1905. Other circular intersections were subsequently built in the United States, though many were large diameter 'rotaries' that enabled high speed merge and weave maneuvers. These designs were doomed to failure for two primary reasons: The experience with traffic circles and rotaries in the US was almost entirely negative, characterized by high accident rates and congestion problems.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1545007",
"score": "1.0919209",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Roland Coate",
"text": "Hanson (1893-1986) was the landscape architect. In 1931, he designed the Monterey Colonial style Pasadena Town Club located at 378 South Madison Avenue in Pasadena, California. In 1933 and 1934, he designed the private residence of film producer David O. Selznick (1902-1965) in Beverly Hills. In 1934, he designed the W.B Hart House in Pasadena, California and the Parley Johnson House in Downey, California. The same year, he also designed the private residence of Henry W. O'Melveny located at 1709 Stone Canyon Road in Bel Air. In 1939, he designed the Everett Sebring House located at 612 Berkshire Avenue in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17271363",
"score": "1.0900875",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Gerald Desmond Bridge",
"text": "of the original founders of Long Beach. Mark Bixby died in a March 2011 plane crash at the Long Beach Airport. Ocean Boulevard, currently carried by the 1968 bridge, is operated by the City of Long Beach. When the replacement bridge is completed, the roadway it carries will be redesignated the western extension of I-710, extending to its intersection with State Route 47, and it will become the responsibility of Caltrans, District 7. From west to east, the new bridge will span a total of , consisting of: By extending the approach structures, approach grades are reduced to no more",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7974385",
"score": "1.0859654",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Plaza (Orange, California)",
"text": "The Plaza (Orange, California) The Plaza, also known as Orange Plaza or colloquially as The Circle, is a historic commercial and economic area that encompasses downtown Orange, California. The Plaza has roots dating back to 1886 when Orange was one of the first towns to originate out of Southern California. It was here where the founders of Orange (A. B. Chapman and Andrew Glassell) designed the layout for the city of Orange. In the center of the plaza, is a large round-a-bout with spokes coming off from the north, south, east and west. The two roads that intersect at The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20476581",
"score": "1.0798764",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Peter Kamnitzer",
"text": "Shortly after, he co-founded the architectural firm Kamnitzer, Marks & Partners, later known as Kamnitzer & Cotton, and Kamnitzer Cotton Vreeland. He designed many high-rise residential buildings in Downtown Los Angeles, including housing projects. He designed Promenade Towers in Bunker Hill, Los Angeles(1985). He also designed the Keck Theater on the campus of Occidental College(1989). His other projects included the Esplanade Apartments, located in Sherman Oaks, California. (1967), Mariners Village Apartments, in the Marina Del Rey (1968), The Meadows Apartments in Culver City (1969), The Promenade Plaza in Bunker Hill Los Angeles, (1981), the Promenade West in Bunker Hill, Los",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19594936",
"score": "1.0794482",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "William Pereira",
"text": "time of his death, Pereira had over 400 projects to his name. Among the structures he designed throughout Southern California were CBS Television City, Fox Plaza, the Los Angeles County Art Museum, the Howard Johnson Hotel and Water Playground in Anaheim, and the Disneyland Hotel in Anaheim. He is also responsible for creating the monumental Spanish-inspired facades that defined Robinson's department stores for nearly 20 years, and he was the architect of Pepperdine University at Malibu, named by the \"Princeton Review\" as the most beautiful college campus in America. Out of his immense body of work, three have really stood",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4399607",
"score": "1.07852",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Frederick Earl Emmons",
"text": "draughtsman for McKim, Mead & White in 1930-1932. He worked for architect William Wurster from 1938 to 1939, and for Allied Engineers from 1940 to 1942. He served in the United States Navy Reserve from 1942 to 1946. By 1946, he started his own architectural practice in Los Angeles. Emmons opened an architectural practice with A. Quincy Jones in 1950. The first year, they designed the Sascha Brastoff Ceramics Factory located at 11520 West Olympic Boulevard in Downtown Los Angeles, the Brody House in the Pacific Palisades, the Romanoff's on the Rocks Restaurant on Highway 111 in Palm Springs, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19946528",
"score": "1.0783808",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Ralph D. Cornell",
"text": "the grounds of the Civic Center and the La Brea Tar Pits in Los Angeles, the Beverly Gardens Park in Beverly Hills, and the Glen Haven Memorial Park in Sylmar. He also restored the grounds of the Los Cerritos Ranch House in Long Beach. Additionally, he designed the grounds of Pomona College, the University of California, Los Angeles, and the University of Hawaii. He was a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects. He died on April 6, 1972. Ralph D. Cornell Ralph D. Cornell (1890-1972) was an American landscape architect from Los Angeles, California. Ralph Dalton Cornell was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18417745",
"score": "1.0755465",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Mike Bonin",
"text": "a recently settled $9.5 million lawsuit and the potential for increased liability, the city felt compelled to redesign Vista del Mar to dissuade unsafe and reckless driving behavior, as well as unsafe conditions for people walking, biking, and crossing the street to get to the beach. In order to accommodate safe U-turns, safe parking, and to reduce instances of dangerous speeding, the Los Angeles Department of Transportation (LADOT) created a design that installed angled parking on the west side of the street for the beach, eliminated parking on the east side of the street, and reduced the road to two",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17323735",
"score": "1.0750606",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Fred Earl Norris Jr.",
"text": "1237 Agate Street; 5210 Cardeno Drive, San Diego (1959-1960) Fred Earl Norris Jr. Fred Earl Norris Jr. (April 11, 1923 - November 9, 2006) was an American Mid-Century Modern architect, with a degree in architecture from University of California, Berkeley, who designed more than 250 homes on individual sites throughout Southern California from the mid-1950s through 1998 when he retired to Maui Hawaii. Notable Norris projects include designing and developing \"Hollywood Park\" in 1959 at North Pacific Beach, San Diego—-an enclave of 13 mid-century homes; the residence of G.G. (Gilbert George) Budwig, aviation pioneer and early Director of Air Regulation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17820253",
"score": "1.0727059",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Los Cerritos, Long Beach, California",
"text": "Thomas Gilchrist, an Oklahoma oilman, purchased along La Linda Drive and subdivided them into a development called La Linda, Spanish for \"the pretty.\" In 1929, 20th century architect Kirtland Cutter designed three award-winning homes in the Los Cerritos Neighborhood. Now one of Long Beach's oldest gated communities, the residential make-up of La Linda has changed. Many of the newer homes are larger. In 1985, a home on Country Club Drive in the Los Cerritos neighborhood was used as the Bueller family home in the 1986 comedy film \"Ferris Bueller's Day Off\" and subsequently used in the 2001 comedy film \"Not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11707423",
"score": "1.0697794",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"text": "roundabout by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans). This was the first such conversion in the United States. Yield signs replaced Stop signs, giving drivers inside the circle the right of way, which increased traffic flow efficiency. PCH (the main thoroughfare) was given an additional entry lane at both north and south bound routes. Also added were widened feeder lanes, and dedicated lanes for traffic traveling only 90 of the 360 degrees of the circle - the equivalent of a right turn at a traditional American traffic light. After the conversion, both the total auto accident and the injury rate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8143362",
"score": "1.0667918",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Frederick Earl Emmons",
"text": "same track were designed by Anshen & Allen. They also designed the Pardee-Phillips Housing Tract for Eichler in the Pacific Palisades. Additionally, they designed six houses for the Estates Oceanside Housing Development in San Luis Rey. With fellow architects Douglas Honnold, Arthur Gallion, A. Quincy Jones, Maynard Lyndon, John Leon Rex and Raphael Soriano, Emmons designed the San Pedro Community Hospital at 1300 West 7th Street in San Pedro, Los Angeles in 1958-1960. Emmons was a member of the Southern California chapter of the American Institute of Architects. He retired in 1972. Emmons died on August 23, 1999. Frederick Earl",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19946532",
"score": "1.0665731",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Circle on Cavill",
"text": "Circle on Cavill Circle on Cavill is a $551 million commercial development with two residential towers built by the Sunland Group and positioned in a key city block in the heart of the Surfers Paradise CBD, neighbouring with Towers of Chevron Renaissance shopping mall and resort apartment complex. Circle on Cavill is bounded by the main Surfers Paradise Boulevard at the western end of Cavill Mall and river end of Cavill Avenue, between the Gold Coast Highway and Ferny Avenue, in Surfers Paradise on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. The street address for the Circle on Cavill residential apartments is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7429164",
"score": "1.0641532",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Long Beach Main Post Office",
"text": "most prominent feature is the central tower rising four-and-a-half stories from the street level. The building's design has been credited to Louis A. Simon and the Office of the Supervising Architect under James A. Wetmore. From 1933 to 1939, Simon was the head of the Office of the Supervising Architect, an agency of the United States Treasury Department that designed federal government buildings. The building's architectural style has been described as \"Starved Classicism\" and \"PWA/WPA Moderne\". One writer has referred to the building as \"Post-Quake Moderne,\" due to the fact that the Moderne style of Art Deco architecture was prevalent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13804584",
"score": "1.0626948",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Robert Irwin (artist)",
"text": "campus of the University of California, San Diego. For \"Sentinel Plaza\" (1990) in the Pasadena Civic Center District, Irwin chose small desert plants and cacti. He later consulted on the master plan for , creating, in particular, the design and landscaping of the outdoor spaces, and the entrance building and the window design. He later designed and developed the Central Garden at the Getty Center in Los Angeles, built in 1997. In the Central Garden, Irwin's concept of integrating experiential relationships to the built environment is abundantly clear. Those experiential elements fill the space. This project is widely praised for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3105658",
"score": "1.0623815",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Los Alamitos Circle",
"long_answer": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1930, German engineer Werner Ruchti was contracted to design the traffic circle, which was to be based on European models. Construction was expedited in order to accommodate the increased vehicle traffic that was expected with the 1932 Summer Olympics, held in Los Angeles, as many of the aquatic and rowing events were to be held in Long Beach.",
"short_answers": [
"German engineer Werner Ruchti",
"Werner Ruchti"
]
}
|
what type of tale is the pardoner's tale
|
[
"a moral tale",
"an extended exemplum"
] |
[
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "Pardoner might also be seen as a reinforcement of the Apostolic Authority of the priesthood, which, according to the Catholic Church, functions fully even when the one possessing that authority is in a state of mortal sin, which in this case is supported by how the corrupt Pardoner is able to tell a morally intact tale and turn others from his same sin. Thomas Aquinas, an influential theologian of the late medieval period, had a philosophy concerning how God was able to work through evil people and deeds to accomplish good ends. Chaucer may have also been referencing a doctrine",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964956",
"score": "1.1052859",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "court of Rome. Ful loude he soong \"Com hider, love, to me!\" This Somonour bar to hym a stif burdoun ... A voys he hadde as smal as hath a goot. No berd hadde he, ne nevere sholde have; As smothe it was as it were late shave. I trowe he were a geldyng or a mare.</poem> The last three lines indicate that the narrator thought the Pardoner to be either a eunuch (\"geldyng\") or a homosexual. The Pardoner's Tale \"The Pardoner's Tale\" is one of \"The Canterbury Tales\" by Geoffrey Chaucer. In the order of the Tales, it comes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964958",
"score": "1.0878179",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "roam the Earth until the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. One may compare this notion to the symbol and character of the Old Man in \"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner\" by Samuel Taylor Coleridge. \"The Pardoner's Tale\" finds itself widely debated among those in the literary world. The question of Chaucer's motivation in writing the tale, as well as potential social comments made within it, have been the subject of controversy concerning \"The Canterbury Tales\". Gregory W. Gross, as dictated in Modern Language Studies, concludes that The Pardoner finds himself publicly shamed by the Host's reprimand at the end",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964949",
"score": "1.0844895",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "then says they can find death at the foot of an oak tree. When the men arrive at the tree, they find a large amount of gold coins and forget about their quest to kill Death. They decide to sleep at the oak tree overnight, so they can take the coins in the morning. The three men draw straws to see who among them should fetch wine and food while the other two wait under the tree. The youngest of the three men draws the shortest straw and departs; while he is away, the remaining two plot to overpower and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964943",
"score": "1.0835396",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "Pardoner on behalf of the poet. Ultimately, it is plausible that Chaucer makes a societal statement long before his time that serves as a literary teaching moment in modern time as one further examines \"The Canterbury Tales\". In further analysis, psychological patterns of the character of the Pardoner is frequently analysed by readers and critics alike. In 1961, critic Eric W. Stockton defined the psychology-based research of the character, \"The psychology of the Pardoner has perhaps gotten in the way of the task of interpreting the stories' meaning. This is indeed an age of psychology.\" As Stockton states, the character",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964951",
"score": "1.066531",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "pilgrims about his sin in the prologue before his tale commences. His preaching is correct and the results of his methods, despite their corruption, are good. Chaucer describes him as a \"draughte of corny strong ale\", which arguably suggests that the character candidly speaks thanks in part to intoxication. The Pardoner's confession is similar in that there is a revelation of details buried within the prologue by \"The Wife of Bath Tale\". The Wife of Bath gives away details about herself in the prologue to her particular tale. Chaucer describes The Pardoner as an excellent speaker in his portrait of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964946",
"score": "1.0664839",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "better off sleeping in a bog than with the barmaid. That night, the Pardoner goes to Kit's room where she feigns sleep. The Pardoner apologises for frightening Kit, who tells him to return after everyone is asleep. The Pardoner leaves, falsely assured that he will bed Kit (298–378). That night the Pardoner again notes how the Host serves The Knight and the prelates before the lower ranking members. After the meal, The Miller and The Cook continue drinking, and at the suggestion of the Pardoner, sing loudly, inciting reprimand from The Summoner, The Yeoman, The Manciple and The Reeve. At",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14751003",
"score": "1.0653507",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "Knight intervenes and urges them to make peace. The prologue—taking the form of a literary confession—was most probably modelled on that of \"Faus Semblaunt\" in the medieval French poem \"Roman de la Rose\". The tale of the three rioters is a version of a folk tale with a \"remarkably wide range\" and has numerous analogues: ancient Buddhist, Persian, and African. The relationship between tellers and tale is distinctly significant in \"The Pardoner's Tale\". The Pardoner is an enigmatic character, portrayed as grotesque in the General Prologue. He is seemingly aware of his sin—it is not clear why he tells the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964945",
"score": "1.0566787",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": \"Radix malorum est cupiditas\" (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\"). In the order of \"The Canterbury Tales\", the Pardoner's Prologue and Tale are preceded by The Physician's Tale. The Physician's Tale is a harrowing tale about a judge who plots with a \"churl [low fellow]\" to abduct a beautiful young woman; rather than allow her to be raped,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964937",
"score": "1.0518233",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": Radix malorum est cupiditas (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\").",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "English words first attested in Chaucer",
"text": "relationship between a daughter and her father. \" award, definitive, notable, vicar general \" The Pardoner's Tale is a tale in the form of a moral example. \" bet, cinque, cinq, clink, corny, corpus, domination, envelop, fen, Galianes, policy, rioter, saffron, sane, village \" The Shipman's Tale is similar to some of Boccaccio's stories in his Decameron and tells the story of a stingy merchant, his greedy wife and her lover. \" creance, porteous, score \" \"The Prioress's Tale\" story is of a child martyr killed by Jews. \" outcry, sold \" \"Tale of Sir Topas\" is a self-portrait of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14269872",
"score": "1.0305682",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "the request of the Host and The Merchant, they all sleep, except for the Pardoner (388–425). Meanwhile, Kit, her paramour, and the innkeeper have been dining on goose and wine bought with the Pardoner's money. Kit explains how she has tricked The Pardoner and her paramour promises to beat The Pardoner with his own staff. (426–466). Upon entering Kit's room, The Pardoner angrily finds Kit in bed with her paramour. The paramour attacks the Pardoner, yelling to the innkeeper that there is a thief in his inn. The Pardoner, armed with pan and ladle, hits the paramour on the nose,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14751004",
"score": "1.0275522",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "a symbol of mortality. The Old Man in \"The Pardoner's Tale\" is oftentimes written off as one who does not provide any sort of substance to the play. However, critic, Alfred David, refutes such claims and asserts the possibility that the Old Man in \"The Pardoner's Tale\" is meant to symbolise more than unambiguous death, \"the old man's identity does not admit a simple, unambiguous, and definitive answer such as Death or Death's Messenger\". David goes on to assert that the Old Man may actually symbolise the \"Wandering Jew\" as defined to be a symbol of death that will supposedly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964948",
"score": "1.0244615",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "in Flanders at an indeterminate time, and opens with three young men drinking, gambling and blaspheming in a tavern. The Pardoner condemns each of these \"tavern sins\" in turn—gluttony, drinking, gambling, and swearing—with support from the Christian scriptures, before proceeding with the tale. The rioters hear a bell signalling a burial; their friend has been killed by a \"privee theef\" known as Death, who has also killed a thousand others. The men set out to avenge them and kill Death. An old man they brusquely query tells them that he has asked Death to take him but has failed. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964942",
"score": "1.0206629",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "the character in the General Prologue to \"The Canterbury Tales\", which inherently reflects the quality of the narrative attributed to him. The old man who appears before the rioters has been the subject of considerable debate. Many persons and scholars reference him as \"death in person\", \"the Wandering Jew\", \"Old Age itself\", and \"Death's messenger\". W. J. B. Owen refutes these views as he points out that \"He is seeking Death; and that Death or his agent should find death is contrary to all the logic of allegory.\" Owen argues that a character is merely an old man and not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964947",
"score": "1.011077",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "groups: the Knight, the love-sick Squire and the Yeoman survey the town's defences; the Clerk advises the Summoner not to be offended by the tale the Friar has already told; the Monk, the Parson, and the Friar have drinks with an old friend of the Monk's; the Wife of Bath and the Prioress drink wine and talk in a garden; the Merchant, the Manciple, the Miller, the Reeve, and the Clerk go into the town (231–297). The Pardoner stays behind at the inn with the intention of sleeping with Kit. The narrator assures the reader that the Pardoner would be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14751002",
"score": "1.0016022",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "stab him upon his return. However, the one who leaves for town plots to kill the other two: he purchases rat poison and laces the wine. When he returns with the food and drink, the other two kill him and then consume the poisoned wine, dying slow and painful deaths. Having completed his tale, the Pardoner — forgetful of his remarks during the prologue — appeals for gold and silver so that the pilgrims may receive pardons for their sins. The Host responds that he would sooner cut off the Pardoner's testicles than kiss his relics. At this point the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964944",
"score": "0.99773",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "The Physician's Tale",
"text": "wife. Chaucer's very careful, mollifying words on the difficult job and the virtues of governesses seem to be a very canny political move. The story is considered one of the moral tales, along with the Parson's tale and the Knight's tale. However, the fate of Virginius renders questionable the moral assertion at the story's end. The Host enjoys the tale and feels for the daughter but asks the Pardoner for a more merry tale. The Pardoner obliges and his tale has a similar but contrasting moral message. Unnamed but mentioned characters include Virginia's mother and the citizens who rise up",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4531800",
"score": "0.9939046",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "of the tale. There is an \"undertone\" of exclusion at this point in the work that, perhaps, leads to the question of the sexuality of The Pardoner and the social boundaries at hand. To reaffirm his claim, Gross points out the ridicule and \"laughter\" on behalf of the other pilgrims. Perhaps Chaucer is looking upon the Pardoner with a \"compassionate eye\", as the Host offers a kiss at the end of the tale. According to Gross, this could simply be the poet's way of easing the tension in the room, thus a sign of \"compassion\" towards the embarrassment of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964950",
"score": "0.9916609",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "(which, as the narrator tells us, causes the man to experience chronic nasal problems for a week after the encounter). With the kitchen pan, the Pardoner injures the innkeeper's shin (which later becomes infected). Kit is the only one to escape unscathed. The paramour and the innkeeper, unable to find the Pardoner, decide to resume their search in the morning. Although the Pardoner is physically injured, the greatest wounds are to his pride. As the Pardoner attempts to return his room, he is attacked by a guard dog, which causes him to spend the night in the dog's litter (while",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14751005",
"score": "0.9846283",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "his moral character. Chaucer develops his description and analysis of the Pardoner throughout \"The Pardoner's Tale\" using suggestive analogies that provide the reader with the perception of a man of extreme sexual and spiritual poverty, willingly admitting that he abuses his authority and sells fake relics. \"The Pardoner's tale\" matches the unctuous nature of the Pardoner in many ways. Eugene Vance illustrates one parallel effectively fostered by Chaucer's sexual innuendoes. He writes: \"\"The kneeling posture to which the Pardoner summons the pilgrims would place their noses right before his deficient crotch\".\" In addition, Vance expands upon this comparison, identifying a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964953",
"score": "0.98427844",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "the dog takes his bed), immobile for fear, regretting his attempt to bed with Kit (467–655). The next morning, the Pardoner hides his injuries and leaves with the rest of the Company, who continue their game with the second tale of the Merchant, The Tale of Beryn (656–732). The Tale of Beryn is the first tale told on the journey back to the Tabard Inn in Southwark. Told by the Merchant, it is a long tale of 3,290 lines. Its portrayal of merchants in a positive (or at least neutral) light make it peculiar in the Middle Ages. Beryn is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14751006",
"score": "0.9827423",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "naked,” complaining that she has no lover because hers has died (23–39). The Pardoner tells Kit not to stay loyal to her dead lover (40–59). Feigning flirtation, Kit attempts to make the Pardoner break his fast from alcoholic beverages (a customary practice for pilgrims before reaching a shrine). The Pardoner gives Kit money, calling her his treasurer, but refuses to break his fast (60–98). Kit describes a contrived dream to the Pardoner, who says it foretells her future marriage to a loving husband. He then leaves her, promising to return soon (99–118). Through an interjection by the narrator we learn",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14750999",
"score": "0.9804278",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Canterbury Tales (film)",
"text": "gets into bed with the miller and tells him about his exploits with Molly, thinking that the miller is his companion. Seventh Tale (The Pardoner's Tale) Rufus, one of a group of four young men is killed by a thief, spurning the others to seek out Death for themselves. The youths then encounter an old man, who they accuse of conspiring with Death in order to kill the young, and demand at knifepoint that they tell him where Death is located. The old man tells them to look around a nearby oak tree, where they find instead an abundance of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5405713",
"score": "0.97677886",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "will not be able to benefit from these relics. The Pardoner says to the pilgrims that by these tricks he has acquired a considerable sum of money. He goes on to relate how he stands like a clergy at the pulpit, and preaches against avarice but to gain the congregation's money; he doesn't care for the correction of sin or for their souls. Against anyone that offends either him or other pardoners, he will \"stynge hym with my tonge smerte\". Although he is guilty of avarice himself, he reiterates that his theme is always \"Radix malorum ...\" and that he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964940",
"score": "0.9689213",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "has largely been overanalysed, especially amidst mid-century advances in psychoanalysis in the 1960s and 1970s. The religious climate at the time that Chaucer wrote this piece was pre-Reformation. Therefore, the Sacraments were still largely considered, as explained by St. Augustine, \"\"outward and visible signs of an inward and invisible grace\"\". The suggestion that outward appearances are reliable indicators of internal character was not considered radical or improper among contemporary audiences. Indeed, the vivid depiction of the Pardoner's hair, those locks \"\"yellow as wax \"But smoothe \"as a strike\" (hank)\" of flex\" (flax)\", does little to improve the reader's opinion of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964952",
"score": "0.9627085",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn",
"text": "Prologue and Tale of Beryn The Prologue and Tale of Beryn are spurious 15th century additions to Geoffrey Chaucer's \"Canterbury Tales.\" They are both written in Middle English. The Prologue to the Tale of Beryn begins upon the pilgrims’ arrival in Canterbury, where they lodge at the inn, “The Checker of the Hoop.” (1–12). While the company is dining at the inn, the Pardoner, disgusted with how the meal is served according to social hierarchy, leaves the fellowship to instead speak with the barmaid, Kit (13–22). After giving the barmaid his staff, Kit shows the Pardoner where she sleeps, “al",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14750998",
"score": "0.96098566",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "sexual innuendo implicit in the Pardoner's many relics. \"\"The pardoner conspires to set himself up as a moveable shrine endowed with relics unsurpassed by those of anyone else in England\".\" Yet, of course, the relics are all fakes, creating a suggestion of both the Pardoner's impotence and his spiritual ill-worth. Though the Pardoner preaches against greed, the irony of the character is based in the Pardoner's hypocritical actions. He admits extortion of the poor, pocketing of indulgences, and failure to abide by teachings against jealousy and avarice. He also admits quite openly that he tricks the most guilty sinners into",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964954",
"score": "0.9602245",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Canterbury Tales",
"text": "gain. Chaucer's Pardoner openly admits the corruption of his practice while hawking his wares. Summoners were Church officers who brought sinners to the Church court for possible excommunication and other penalties. Corrupt summoners would write false citations and frighten people into bribing them to protect their interests. Chaucer's Summoner is portrayed as guilty of the very kinds of sins for which he is threatening to bring others to court, and is hinted as having a corrupt relationship with the Pardoner. In The Friar's Tale, one of the characters is a summoner who is shown to be working on the side",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "93975",
"score": "0.94874966",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"text": "of St. Augustine of Hippo concerning the Donatist heresy of fourth and fifth century Northern Africa in which Augustine argued that a priest's ability to perform valid sacraments was not invalidated by his own sin. Thus, it is possible that with the Pardoner, Chaucer was criticising the administrative and economic practices of the Church while simultaneously affirming his support for its religious authority and dogma. In the General Prologue of the Tales, the Pardoner is introduced with these lines: <poem> With hym ther rood a gentil Pardoner Of Rouncivale, his freend and his compeer, That streight was comen fro the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2964957",
"score": "0.94458914",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "The Pardoner's Tale",
"long_answer": "The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": Radix malorum est cupiditas (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\").",
"chunked_long_answer": "The tale itself is an extended exemplum. Setting out to kill Death, three young men encounter an Old Man who says they will find him under a nearby tree. When they arrive they discover a hoard of treasure and decide to stay with it until nightfall and carry it away under cover of darkness. Out of greed, they murder each other. The tale and prologue are primarily concerned with what the Pardoner says is his \"theme\": Radix malorum est cupiditas (\"Greed is the root of [all] evils\").",
"short_answers": [
"an extended exemplum"
]
}
|
who scored fastest 10000 runs in test cricket
|
[
"Alastair Cook",
"Kumar Sangakkara",
"Brian Lara",
"Sachin Tendulkar"
] |
[
{
"title": "Vinod Kambli",
"text": "the record for the fastest Indian player (14 innings) to reach 1000 runs in Tests. He scored 224 against England at Wankhede Stadium in 1993 as his maiden test century in his third test. In the next test against Zimbabwe, he scored 227. In his next test series he scored 125 and 120 against Sri Lanka. He is also the only cricketer to hit three consecutive test centuries in three innings, all centuries against different countries. In his 17 Tests, he averaged 69.13 in the first innings, and just 9.40 in the second innings, with a difference of 59.73. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2894428",
"score": "1.1770707",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Cheteshwar Pujara",
"text": "fastest batsman to reach 1000 runs in Test cricket in just 11 matches and his 18th Test Innings. He won the Emerging Cricketer of the Year 2013. In February 2017, during the one-off Test match against Bangladesh, he set a new record for the most runs by a batsman in an Indian first-class season, with 1,605 runs. The previous record was 1,604 runs set by Chandu Borde in 1964–65. In November 2017, he scored his twelfth double-century in first-class cricket, the most by an Indian batsman, breaking the previous record set by Vijay Merchant. He is regarded as India's Test",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7153860",
"score": "1.147093",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Sean Williams (cricketer)",
"text": "first century was the fastest ever by any Zimbabwean in Test Cricket.He plays for Tshwane Spartans in Mzansi Super League. His father is Collin Williams, a former first-class cricketer and a national field hockey coach, and his brother Matthew Williams has played first-class cricket in Zimbabwe for Matabeleland Tuskers. His mother Patricia McKillop, was a field hockey player, who was a member of the Zimbabwe national team that won the gold medal at the 1980 Summer Olympics His step brother, Michael McKillop is also a first-class cricketer and a field hockey player who played for Matabeleland and also served as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6488082",
"score": "1.1364033",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Virender Sehwag",
"text": "of India, former Vice-Captain of India, former captain of Delhi Daredevils and former captain of Delhi Ranji Team. Sehwag holds multiple records including the highest score made by an Indian in Test cricket (319 against South Africa at M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai), which was also the fastest triple century in the history of international cricket (reached 300 off only 278 balls) as well as the fastest 250 by any batsman (in 207 balls against Sri Lanka on 3 December 2009 at the Brabourne Stadium in Mumbai). Sehwag also holds the distinction of being one of four batsmen in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14011675",
"score": "1.1133232",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Hashim Amla",
"text": "in his 40th ODI innings. He became the first South African to score a Test match triple century when he scored 311 not out against England in 2012. In the 57th innings of his ODI career, Amla became the fastest batsman to score 3,000 ODI runs, requiring 12 innings fewer than Sir Vivian Richards, and also became the fastest cricketer to reach 10 ODI centuries. On 8 December 2013, he became the fastest batsman to score 4,000 ODI runs, requiring 8 innings fewer than Richards. In 2014, he became the fastest cricketer to reach 15 centuries in ODIs in his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6428342",
"score": "1.1039695",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Tillakaratne Dilshan",
"text": "the Harare Sports Club in the second test between Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe. He scored an unbeaten 163* runs in the first innings and was awarded the player of the match award for his role in the Sri Lankan victory. Dilshan achieved his highest test score in England, where he scored 193 runs in the second test at the Lord's cricket ground, against England. Dilshan's One-Day International debut also came during Sri Lanka's tour of Zimbabwe in 1999, where he scored 31 runs against Zimbabwe. His maiden ODI century came against Netherlands on 4 July 2006, where he smashed an",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3580528",
"score": "1.0952078",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Kevin O'Brien (cricketer)",
"text": "Kevin O'Brien (cricketer) Kevin Joseph O'Brien (born 4 March 1984) is an Irish cricketer who plays for Ireland, Leinster and Railway Union Cricket Club and has played for several English county cricket clubs. He holds the world record for the fastest century ever scored at a World Cup, coming from 50 balls against England on 2 March 2011. He was one of the eleven cricketers to play in Ireland's first ever Test match, against Pakistan, in May 2018, scoring the first Test century for Ireland men's cricket and becoming the first sportsperson from Ireland to represent his country 300 times.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8535105",
"score": "1.0926387",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Hashim Amla",
"text": "86th innings. In the same year he became the fastest cricketer to reach 16 centuries in ODIs in his 94th inning and fastest cricketer to 17 centuries in ODIs in his 98th innings. He scored 5 hundreds in ODIs in 2014. On 16 January 2015 against West Indies he became the fastest to reach 5,000 runs in ODIs in his 101st innings. On 18 January 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to 18 centuries in ODIs in his 102nd inning. On 3 March 2015 he became the fastest cricketer to reach 20 centuries in ODIs in his 108th inning. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6428343",
"score": "1.0853845",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Jack Gregory (cricketer)",
"text": "he scored a century from 67 balls in 70 minutes, which was at the time the fastest hundred in terms of both balls faced and minutes taken in the history of Test cricket. The record stood until 1985 when Viv Richards managed the feat with 56 balls but it remains the record for the fastest hundred in terms of minutes. His record of 15 catches in the 1920–21 Ashes series still stands as the record for the most catches by a fieldsman in a Test series. Jack was the nephew of two of the very early Australian cricketers, Dave and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5894451",
"score": "1.0807369",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket",
"text": "Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days. The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Prakash Bhandari",
"text": "wicket in the final Test match at Karachi. He made 19 before being bowled by Khan Mohammad who broke one of the stumps. He also appeared in Tests against New Zealand and Australia. His highest score was 39 against New Zealand at Delhi in 1954-55 where he batted at No. 8 and added 73 with Bapu Nadkarni. Against Rajasthan in the 1961–62 Ranji Trophy semifinal he scored a hundred in 60 minutes while Bengal was going for a declaration in the second innings. At the time it was believed to be the fastest hundred in Indian cricket, but a 60-minute",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6015390",
"score": "1.080535",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Hashim Amla",
"text": "has scored ODI centuries against all Test playing countries and only the fourth person to do so. He was named as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year in 2013. In 2017, he scored 2 centuries in IPL, playing for Kings XI Punjab. He became fastest player to score 7,000 runs in ODIs. On 3rd June 2017, he became the fastest cricketer to 25 ODI centuries. He also became the fastest batsman to score 26 ODI hundred. Born to a South African Muslim Ansari family which has its roots in Gujarat, India, Amla is a devout Muslim. He was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6428344",
"score": "1.0750985",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Gary Ballance",
"text": "West Indies. In the first Test of the three-Test series, he made ten runs in the first innings and then a century in the second innings. In addition to scoring the winning runs in the second Test, he became the third fastest England cricketer to reach 1,000 runs for his career, behind Herbert Sutcliffe and Len Hutton. In the third Test he was less prolific, making scores of 18 and 23 as England suffered two batting collapses to lose the game by five wickets and draw the series 1-1. Ballance endured a difficult series against New Zealand. He made one",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10008289",
"score": "1.0744609",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Simon O'Donnell",
"text": "Simon O'Donnell Simon Patrick O'Donnell (born 26 January 1963) is a former Australian cricketer, VFL footballer, and horse racing and cricket commentator. He is currently a horse breeder. He is a former record holder for the fastest ODI fifty, who was first cricketer to score fifty less than 20 balls in ODI history. O'Donnell played as an all-rounder for Victoria in the Sheffield Shield between 1984 and 1993, scoring a century in his first match. He went on to play 6 Test matches in 1985, 5 on the Ashes tour of England and one at home, but with a low",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3735058",
"score": "1.0690935",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Sanath Jayasuriya",
"text": "the first Test against England in Kandy in 2007, he announced he was to retire from Test cricket at the end of the match. In that inning he hit six fours in one over against James Anderson. Jayasuriya held the records for the fastest fifty (against Pakistan 17 balls), fastest 100 for Sri Lanka(against Pakistan 48 balls) and fastest 150 (against England in 95 balls) in ODI cricket. His fastest 50 stayed 19 years, where his half-century is regarded as the best because he achieved this feat in an era where no any fielding restrictions and power plays are available.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2400255",
"score": "1.0666255",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Mote Park (cricket ground)",
"text": "until 2017 when it was surpassed by Sean Dickson and Joe Denly who made 382 runs for the 2nd wicket against Northants at County Cricket Ground, Beckenham. In 1910, Colin Blythe and Frank Woolley bowled unchanged throughout both innings of a fixture with Yorkshire repeating a performance from 1889, also against Yorkshire, by bowlers Walter Wright and Fred Martin. In 1995 Mark Ealham set a record for the fastest century in 40-over cricket. In 44 balls, Ealham scored a hundred, with nine sixes and nine fours. This remained the Kent record for the fastest century in List A cricket until",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15509772",
"score": "1.0660677",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Adam Gilchrist",
"text": "most by an Australian in Test cricket. His strike rate is amongst the highest in the history of both ODI and Test cricket; his century against England at Perth in December 2006 is the fourth-fastest century in all Test cricket. He was the first player to have hit 100 sixes in Test cricket. His 17 Test centuries are the most by a wicket-keeper and his 16 in ODIs second only to Sangakkara. He holds the unique record of scoring at least 50 runs in successive World Cup finals (in 1999, 2003 and 2007). His 149 off 104 balls against Sri",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3581503",
"score": "1.0650139",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Chris Martin (cricketer)",
"text": "1st Test against Pakistan at Seddon Park. He took his 500th wicket in first-class cricket, with the dismissal of Tanvir Ahmed on the third day of the first Test against Pakistan in January 2011. He also holds the dubious distinction of scoring fewer runs (123) off his bat than wickets (233) taken in Test cricket; the only other cricketer with this distinction over a significant Test career is B. S. Chandrasekhar of India. Martin also holds the record of being the only cricketer to be dismissed for a diamond duck (run out on 0 without facing a ball) twice in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6376244",
"score": "1.0645742",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Indian cricket team in Australia in 2011–12",
"text": "with opener David Warner scoring a century from only 69 deliveries to finish on 104* at stumps; it set a new record for the fastest Test century by an opening batsman, breaking the previous record set by Chris Gayle (70 balls) at the same venue in 2009–10. The century matched Shivnarine Chanderpaul to become the equal-fourth fastest Test century scored at that time. Warner (180) and Cowan (74) batted for the first hour of the day's play, and reached 214 without loss, before Cowan was bowled shortly before drinks in the morning session. Australia then suffered a batting collapse, losing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15755136",
"score": "1.0642205",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Jacob Oram",
"text": "both Shane Warne and Glenn McGrath. His 3rd Test hundred was again South Africa, with a career highest of 133. On 28 January 2007, in Perth, Oram smashed an unbeaten 101 off 72 balls in an ODI against Australia. It was at the time the fastest ever ODI century by a New Zealander, and also the fastest ever made against Australia. His 137 run partnership with Brendon McCullum was, at the time, the highest ever for the New Zealand 6th wicket, though this record was broken the following month. He injured his left ring finger in an ODI prior to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5987540",
"score": "1.0634106",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Virat Kohli",
"text": "became the fastest hundred against Australia and the third-fastest in a run-chase. He followed that innings with 68 in the next match at Mohali in another Indian defeat, before the next two matches were washed out by rain. In the sixth ODI at Nagpur, he struck 115 off only 66 balls to help India successfully chase the target of 351 and level the series 2–2 and won the man of the match. He reached the 100-run mark in 61 balls, making it the third-fastest ODI century by an Indian batsman, and also became the fastest batsman in the world to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11635241",
"score": "1.0623033",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Shivnarine Chanderpaul",
"text": "in ODI cricket, hitting 149 not out in a losing cause against India. Later that year, he was the top-scorer for the West Indies during their series against England, aggregating 446 runs in three Tests at an average of almost 150. His achievements during the series earned him the man of the series accolade, and saw him named as one of the five Cricketers of the Year by the \"Wisden Cricketers' Almanack\". He was especially praised by \"Wisden\" for his third instance of batting for 1,000 or more minutes without being dismissed, and for his century in the third Test",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3583530",
"score": "1.0607736",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Ali Brown",
"text": "the fastest in the history of the Texaco Trophy – he never played in a Test match. His 16,898 first-class runs at 42.67, and more than 11,000 List A runs, make him one of the most successful English batsmen never to have won a test cap. Lawrence Booth described Brown as one of the best present-day (at the time of writing) English cricketers not to have played Test cricket. Ali Brown Alistair Duncan Brown (born 11 February 1970) is a former English cricketer who played for Surrey County Cricket Club, before moving to Nottinghamshire for the 2009 season. He was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14256131",
"score": "1.0564191",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Ross Taylor",
"text": "first Kiwi batsman to score a Test double-hundred against Australia and the 2nd fastest among his countrymen to reach 5,000 Test career runs (in 120 innings). During the inning, his partnership with Kane Williamson of 265-run for the third wicket, which was New Zealand's highest of all time against Australia for any wicket. Taylor was dismissed for 290 runs with 43 fours. In December 2016, after the Test against Pakistan at Hamilton, Taylor underwent surgery to remove a pterygium on his left eye. He was out of action for several weeks, thus missing the Chappell-Hadlee Trophy series in Australia. Taylor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5615752",
"score": "1.0562413",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Mohammad Azharuddin",
"text": "first and last Test matches. Azharuddin scored a record-equalling century for an India player in the Second Test at Calcutta during South Africa's India tour in 1996–97. In reply to South Africa's first innings score of 428, Azharuddin brought up his century off 74 deliveries, equalling Kapil Dev's record for the fastest Test century by an India player and fourth overall, in terms of balls faced. Resuming batting on day three on the fall of Javagal Srinath's wicket after retiring hurt the previous evening, Azharuddin reached 50 in 35 balls, then the second fastest for India and scored 91 runs",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "884373",
"score": "1.0560646",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Martin Guptill",
"text": "his team finishing second to Australia. On 10 December 2015, Guptill scored his first test century in 4 years against Sri Lanka in Dunedin, in which he scored 7 ODI centuries in that span, and he took 70 innings (32 matches) to score 2000 Test runs, which is the fifth slowest New Zealand batsman to reach that mark (Vettori, Hadlee, Parore, Rutherford and Cairns). On 28 December 2015, Guptill scored the fastest half century by a New Zealander (17 balls), which is joint second all time, one ball behind AB de Villiers, as well as scoring 87 in the first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8049680",
"score": "1.0553983",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Andy Blignaut",
"text": "in a Test match at Harare on 22 February 2004. He is the only bowler to take a Test hat-trick for Zimbabwe. Like Travis Friend and Henry Olonga before him, Blignaut was one of the few Zimbabwean bowlers who could exceed 90mph. In a land full of medium-fast bowlers, Blignaut (on his day) formed a lethal opening combination with the dependable Heath Streak, often rushing the batsmen for pace off the wicket. In an ODI against England at Durham in 2003, he bowled a 93mph thunderbolt to England allrounder Andrew Flintoff. In the same game, however, he went at 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3583567",
"score": "1.0545964",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Shikhar Dhawan",
"text": "In December 2017, he became the 2nd fastest Indian to reach 4000 ODI runs. During the 4th ODI against South Africa in Johannesburg, he became the first Indian and ninth overall to score a century in his 100th ODI game. On 14 June 2018, against Afghanistan, he became the sixth batsman, and the first for India, to score a century before lunch on day one of a Test. Shikhar holds the record for most runs in a calendar year in Twenty20 International cricket (689). Shikhar Dhawan was born on 5 December 1985 in Delhi in a Hindu Jat family to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9330633",
"score": "1.0532095",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Jimmy Sinclair",
"text": "Jimmy Sinclair James Hugh Sinclair (16 October 1876 – 23 February 1913) was a South African cricketer who played in 25 Tests from 1896 to 1911. He scored South Africa's first three Test centuries and was the first person from any country to score a century and take five wickets in an innings in the same Test. He is one of the fastest-scoring Test batsmen of all. Jimmy Sinclair stood six feet four inches tall and was a \"prodigious right-handed hitter and an excellent fast bowler, combining a nice variety of pace with a high delivery\". He made his first-class",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6952112",
"score": "1.0521796",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "David Warner (cricketer)",
"text": "Cricket, the ball was dropped in the outfield denying Warner a maiden Test match wicket. On 13 January 2012, in only his fifth Test match, Warner scored a 69-ball century against India at the WACA. At the time, this equalled West Indian Shivnarine Chanderpaul for the fourth fastest Test century of all time, in terms of balls faced. He ultimately built his innings to a score of 180 from 159 balls, setting a new personal high score in Test cricket. Warner scored 163 off 157 balls at the Gabba on 4 March 2012 in the first final of the CB",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9666747",
"score": "1.0514354",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "List of players who have scored 10,000 or more runs in Test cricket",
"long_answer": "Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days. The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Brian Lara took the least number of innings (195) to reach the 10,000 run mark, later equalled by Sachin Tendulkar and Kumar Sangakkara, while Australia's Steve Waugh took 244 innings to achieve the feat. Alastair Cook is the fastest in terms of time span, taking 10 years and 87 days. The time taken by Shivnarine Chanderpaul (18 years and 37 days) is the slowest among all. As of May 2017, Tendulkar leads the list with 15,921 runs followed by Ricky Ponting of Australia with 13,378.",
"short_answers": [
"Alastair Cook",
"Brian Lara",
"Kumar Sangakkara",
"Sachin Tendulkar"
]
}
|
when did red dead redemption 1 come out
|
[
"May 18, 2010",
"May 2010"
] |
[
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "2016, depicting the open world environment, and the second and third trailers—released on September 28, 2017, and May 2, 2018, respectively—introduced the game's characters and story. A trailer released on August 9 features the first gameplay footage. It demonstrates the shooting and horse mechanics, and the ability to maintain the player's gang and camps. To spur pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide special edition versions of the game. The \"Special Edition\" includes exclusive single-player content, while the \"Ultimate Edition\" features additional online content. The \"Collector's Box\" is a collection of physical merchandise relating to the game.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793554",
"score": "1.0218254",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "a select number of people at a Sony conference in 2005, promoting the release of the PlayStation 3. The trailer was a technology demonstration of the Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). It was referred to as \"Old West Project\", and a sequel to \"Red Dead Revolver\". The trailer circulated throughout the Internet. On February 3, 2009, Rockstar Games officially announced \"Red Dead Redemption\". The April 2009 edition of \"Game Informer\" confirmed that the game would be released for the PlayStation 3, Xbox 360, and Microsoft Windows; Rockstar later confirmed that this listing was a mistake, and that the game would",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18314977",
"score": "1.0056667",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "be one of the highest-selling games of 2018 and would have a great effect on other game sales during the fourth quarter. When discussing the delay until October 2018, a writer from \"Forbes\" said \"A huge arrival for [\"Red Dead Redemption 2\"] could be a crater that dampens sales of all competitors in that window, so I have to imagine this shockwave is being felt pretty hard right now around the industry.\" In July 2018, The NPD Group, a market research company, published an article titled \"\"Video Game Industry Predictions for Holiday 2018\"\", where author and industry analyst Mat Piscatella",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793562",
"score": "1.0041213",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "twice: first to Q1/Q2 2018, and later to October 26, 2018. The online multiplayer portion of the game called \"Red Dead Online\" was released as a closed beta on November 27, 2018, and unlocked for all players on November 30. During an IGN Q&A session with various Rockstar developers, when asked why it would not be available simultaneously with the base game, design director Imran Sarwar answered \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is an absolutely massive story-based game that we hope people will be lost in for a long time and we want people to experience everything that world has to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793552",
"score": "0.99969864",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "most gorgeous, seamless, rootinest, tootinest games ever made, and if you voluntarily miss out on it, you're either not a gamer or in a coma.\" \"USgamer\" said, \"[i]s \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" better than the first game? Very much so. Is \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" perfect? No. Rockstar Games has crafted this huge, beautiful world with an attention to detail that's astounding...\" and summarised by saying \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is a fantastic game that should keep players satisfied for another eight years.\" Alessandro Fillari of \"GameSpot\" praised the story, characters and animation and said \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793557",
"score": "0.99630904",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "of the game, was released as a beta version in November 2018. Broadly anticipated and marketed before release, \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" broke several records and had the second-biggest launch in history of entertainment, generating $725 million in sales from its opening weekend and shipping over 17 million copies in two weeks. It was universally acclaimed by critics, who praised the story, characters, visuals, soundtrack, open world, and considerable level of detail. \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" received a number of perfect scores and awards, including the \"Critics Choice Award\" at the 2018 Golden Joystick Awards, and honors such as \"Best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793531",
"score": "0.9862467",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "offer before we build on that with the Online experience\" while also stating that \"we [at Rockstar] see them essentially as separate products that will grow and evolve independently of each other\" and saying that the team has learned after launching online games that there are bound to be a few issues and that they wish to roll out the game as smoothly as possible. It was also mentioned that the game takes many of the favorite elements of \"Grand Theft Auto Online\" while also further expanding the original game's ideas. The game's debut trailer was released on October 20,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793553",
"score": "0.984695",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "publications, and is considered by critics as one of the greatest video games ever made. After the game's release, several downloadable content additions were released; \"\", later released as a standalone game, added a new single-player experience in which Marston searches for a cure for an infectious zombie plague that has swept across the Old West. A \"Game of the Year Edition\" containing all additional content was released in October 2011. A prequel, \"Red Dead Redemption 2\", was released in October 2018 to further acclaim. \"Red Dead Redemption\" is a Western-themed action-adventure game played from a third-person perspective. The player",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10320676",
"score": "0.97878265",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One consoles. The third entry in the \"Red Dead\" series, it is a prequel to the 2010 game \"Red Dead Redemption\". Set in 1899 in a fictionalized version of the Western United States, the story centers on outlaw Arthur Morgan, a member of the Van der Linde gang dealing with the decline of the Wild West whilst attempting to survive against government forces, rival gangs, and other opponents.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793529",
"score": "0.97568643",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" received \"universal acclaim\" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic. It is the highest rated PlayStation 4 and Xbox One game on Metacritic along with Rockstar's \"Grand Theft Auto V\". \"Game Informer\" awarded the game a perfect score writing: \"Rockstar Games has outdone itself again with \"Red Dead Redemption II\". The up-close portrayal of the outlaw Van der Linde gang's unraveling is a compelling companion story that blends seamlessly with the original game, and depth and breadth of the open world is a technical triumph that every gamer should experience.\" IGN also awarded the game full",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793555",
"score": "0.9723917",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "to release two teaser images in the color and theme of \"Red Dead Redemption\". The teaser images led to considerable attention and raised the stock price of its parent company Take-Two Interactive by nearly six percent. On the day of its announcement for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, some fans started petitioning Rockstar Games for the game to be made available on Microsoft Windows as well. Per an exclusivity agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment, certain online game content will be timed exclusives for the PlayStation 4. Originally due for release in the second half of 2017, the game was delayed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793551",
"score": "0.9675846",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "for free on September 13, 2011, added additional characters from the single-player campaign. A \"Game of the Year Edition\" containing all downloadable content was released for both PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, on October 11, 2011 in North America and on October 14, 2011 internationally. Additionally, Microsoft added the game to its backwards compatibility list for Xbox One platforms in July 2016. \"Red Dead Redemption\" was released to critical acclaim. Review aggregator website Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating in the 0–100 range, calculated an average score of 95 out of 100, indicating \"universal acclaim\", based on 73 reviews for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10320704",
"score": "0.96474195",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Red Dead",
"text": "series if \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" does well financially. In each game in the franchise, the player takes the role of an outlaw in the waning years of the American Old West. All three titles are third-person shooters (although \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" gives you the option to play in first-person) yet there are crucial differences between them. The first game in the series follows a linear storyline with fixed, limited locations. \"Red Dead Redemption\" however provides the player with an open world setting and gives them various options for exploration, random encounters and side-missions. \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14237405",
"score": "0.9644285",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "marks, commenting \"\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" stands shoulder-to-shoulder with \"Grand Theft Auto V\" as one of the greatest games of the modern age. It's a gorgeous depiction of an ugly period that's patient, polished, and a huge amount of fun to play, and it's combined with Rockstar's best storytelling to date. Even after finishing the lengthy story I can't wait to go back and play more.\" In another full score review, \"Electronic Gaming Monthly\" wrote: \"Criticisms often come easier than compliments, but in the case of \"Red Dead Redemption 2\", I am at a loss. This is one of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793556",
"score": "0.9626124",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "officially announced in 2009; it was heavily promoted and widely anticipated. Rockstar improved their proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE) to increase its animation and draw distance rendering capabilities. The game uses the Euphoria and Bullet engines for further animation and environment rendering tasks. The developers felt inspired to create the game after realising the potential power of both the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, having exhausted the use of older hardware on previous projects. The development team conducted extensive research, visiting historical American landmarks and analyzing classic Western films, to achieve realism while creating the game. The game's open",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18314951",
"score": "0.9616281",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "predicted that \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" would be the best-selling game of 2018, outselling other blockbuster titles like \"\", \"Battlefield V\", and \"Fallout 76\". \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is the best-selling retail game in its first week of release and the second-fastest-selling game of 2018 in the UK, behind \"FIFA 19\". The game's opening week UK physical sales were doubled from its predecessor's with 68% of sales being the PS4 version and the remainder on the Xbox One. \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is also the third-fastest-selling non-\"FIFA\" game released this generation, behind \"\" and \"\". Within its first week on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793563",
"score": "0.96153605",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Red Dead",
"text": "additional content was released in October 2011.\"Red Dead Redemption 2\", averaging 97% for both platforms on Metacritic, was also widely acclaimed by critics, who praised the same aspects as well as its significant level of detail, winning a number of awards from publications. While not as best-selling as its sister franchise \"Grand Theft Auto\", \"Red Dead\" is still a financial success. \"Red Dead Revolver\" sold 920,000 copies in North America as of July 2, 2010.\"Red Dead Redemption\" broke the records of its previous game, having shipped over 11 million copies by August 2011 and over 15 million copies by February",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14237420",
"score": "0.9593297",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "provide a rich experience for players. He summarized by stating \"you can also expect a fantastic game that offers the Western experience we've all been waiting for.\" \"Game Informer\" called the scenery \"breathtaking\", and the cinematic cutscenes \"vastly improved\" over \"Grand Theft Auto IV\", and named it the \"best-looking Rockstar game to date\". The music, sound and voice acting in the game was also widely praised and spoken about. It won the Best Original Music and Best Voice Acting awards from GameSpot. When talking about the sound design of \"Red Dead Redemption\", \"Game Informer\" said \"From pitch-perfect gunshots to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10320706",
"score": "0.95486903",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "an excellent prequel, but it's also an emotional, thought-provoking story in its own right, and it's a world that is hard to leave when it's done.\" Peter Suderman, writing for \"The New York Times\", considered \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" as an example of video games as a work of art, comparing the game's abilities to \"[tell] individual stories against the backdrop of national and cultural identity, deconstructing their genres while advancing the form\" to the current state of film and television with similar works like \"The Godfather\" and \"The Sopranos\". Some criticism focused on the game's control system, which was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793558",
"score": "0.9529549",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "Sadie, and Charles. Afterward, Sadie and Charles leave for other pursuits. The final scene shows Pinkerton agents Ross and Fordham observing John's ranch, initiating the events of \"Red Dead Redemption\". \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" was developed by Rockstar Studios, a collaborative effort between all of Rockstar Games' studios functioning as a single team, using the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE). Woody Jackson, who co-composed the score of \"Red Dead Redemption\", reprises his role. The game was announced in October 2016. In the two days prior, the company had used various social media platforms as well as their own website",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793550",
"score": "0.95126724",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Red Dead",
"text": "2017.\"Red Dead Redemption 2\" however, marked the franchise's commercial achievement. In three days, the game generated $725 million in revenue, officially having the largest opening weekend in history of entertainment as well as being the second highest-selling entertainment launch, behind \"Grand Theft Auto V\", another widely popular title from Rockstar Games. Two weeks after launch, the game already shipped over 17 million units, thus exceeding its predecessors' lifetime sales. Red Dead Red Dead is a series of Western-themed action-adventure video games published by Rockstar Games. The first entry in the series, \"Red Dead Revolver\", was released on the PlayStation 2",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14237421",
"score": "0.95115244",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "sale in Japan, the PlayStation 4 version of Red Dead Redemption 2 sold 132,984 copies, which placed it at number one on the all format video game sales chart. Rockstar Games announced that \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" had the largest opening weekend in the history of entertainment, making over $725 million in revenue in three days, and over 17 million copies in total in two weeks, exceeding the lifetime sales of \"Red Dead Redemption\". Additionally, \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is also the second highest-grossing entertainment launch (behind \"Grand Theft Auto V\") and set records for largest ever preorders, largest first-day",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793564",
"score": "0.9492974",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "as those from the Ku Klux Klan. On November 8, 2018, YouTube restored the channel and designated an age restriction to the suffragette videos, commenting \"Sometimes we make mistakes, which is why we have multiple escalation paths for reviewers to raise tough decisions and we give creators the right to appeal. The reviewer will be educated on this outcome and on how to avoid repeating this mistake.\" Red Dead Redemption 2 Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game developed and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on October 26, 2018, for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793569",
"score": "0.9411336",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "\"Red Dead Redemption\" was the focus of the May 7, 2010 episode of \"GameTrailers TV with Geoff Keighley\", featuring exclusive gameplay footage of the game. The final pre-launch trailer was released on May 13, 2010. Viral marketing strategies were used to market the game. The official \"Red Dead Redemption\" website was redesigned on March 16, April 14, April 21, April 26, May 10, and May 12, 2010. To encourage pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide pre-order bonuses. These included an exclusive outfit, weapon and horse for players to use in the game. The game's official soundtrack",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18314982",
"score": "0.93963206",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "fourth gameplay video, titled \"Life in the West Part II\", was released on April 2, 2010. It further showcased the activities available in the game. This was followed by \"Multiplayer Free Roam\" on April 8, 2010 and \"Multiplayer Competitive Modes\" on April 22, 2010, both of which displayed exclusive footage from the online multiplayer mode of the game. From April 27, 2010, a trailer for the game was aired as a television commercial in the United States. A further video for the game, titled \"Revolution\", was released on May 7, 2010. It focused on the Mexican characters of the game.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18314981",
"score": "0.93189394",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Development of Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "began in 2005; full development commenced in 2006, following the formation of a core development team. Rockstar San Diego co-opted a number of other studios owned by parent company Rockstar Games to facilitate development between a full team of over 800. Media analysts estimated the development budget for the game was between US$80 million and US$100 million, making \"Red Dead Redemption\" one of the most expensive video games ever made. \"Red Dead Redemption\" primarily takes place in 1911. The team chose this time period as they felt that exploring the transformation from \"the old West\" into the modern world was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18314953",
"score": "0.9270621",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption 2",
"text": "The story also follows fellow gang member John Marston, protagonist from the first \"Red Dead Redemption\". \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" is presented through both first and third-person perspectives, and the player may freely roam in its interactive open world. Gameplay elements include shootouts, heists, hunting, horseback riding, interacting with any non-player character (NPC), and maintaining the character's honor rating through moral choices and deeds. A bounty system similar to the \"wanted\" system from the \"Grand Theft Auto\" franchise governs the response of law enforcement and bounty hunters to crimes committed by the player. \"Red Dead Online\", the online multiplayer mode",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19793530",
"score": "0.92431724",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Call of Duty: Black Ops 4",
"text": "\"Call of Duty 2\"; titles since then have all been released in November. The release of \"Call of Duty: Black Ops 4\" a month earlier was thought to be due to Rockstar Games's much anticipated release of \"Red Dead Redemption 2\" on October 26. Like previous titles, a private beta for the multiplayer mode was offered to players who pre-ordered the game. On July 11, 2018, Activision and Treyarch announced the dates for the multiplayer beta: PlayStation 4 players had an exclusive first beta weekend from August 3 to 6, while a second weekend from August 10 to 13 was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20615693",
"score": "0.9236318",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"text": "the PlayStation 3 version and 96 reviews for the Xbox 360 version. Commercially, the game has also been very successful. By August 2011, the game had shipped over 11 million copies, 2 million of which were retail units of \"Undead Nightmare\". , \"Red Dead Redemption\" has shipped over 15 million units. Many critics praised the landscape, environment and graphics of \"Red Dead Redemption\". Erik Brudvig of IGN lauded the environmental details, noting the player can even scare a flock of birds from the bushes as they ride past. He also noted that the game's dynamic events, weather and ambient sounds",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10320705",
"score": "0.9205096",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
}
] |
{
"title": "Red Dead Redemption",
"long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his former gang to justice.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Red Dead Redemption is a Western-themed action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar San Diego and published by Rockstar Games. It was released for PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360 consoles in May 2010. It is the second title in the Red Dead franchise, after 2004's Red Dead Revolver. The game, set during the decline of the American frontier in the year 1911, follows John Marston, a former outlaw whose wife and son are taken hostage by the government in ransom for his services as a hired gun. Having no other choice, Marston sets out to bring the three members of his",
"short_answers": [
"May 2010"
]
}
|
when was the first driver's license required
|
[
"1888",
"1 January 1904"
] |
[
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "the last of them being Belgium where, until 1977, it was possible to purchase and hold a license without having to undergo a driving test. As automobile-related fatalities soared in North America, public outcry provoked legislators to begin studying the French and German statutes as models. On August 1, 1910, North America's first licensing law for motor vehicles went into effect in the US state of New York, though it initially applied only to professional chauffeurs. In July 1913, the state of New Jersey became the first to require \"all\" drivers to pass a mandatory examination before receiving a license.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17332901",
"score": "1.0287467",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles",
"text": "themselves. The plate numbers 1-100 were assigned to various state officials. In 1927, the DMV was established as a separate department. Charles Pierce became the first Commissioner of Motor Vehicles. The first Financial Responsibility Insurance Act was passed (possibly the first Act of its kind in the United States). In 1928 after the Secretary of State suggested denying driving privileges to all of those who are under 18 years of age, a compromise was reached whereby those age 16 and 17 may apply for \"Junior Operator\" licenses, the first of which were issued in January. In 1935 the legislature passed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13545821",
"score": "1.0279412",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States",
"text": ". As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates. States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers. Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education. Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11484229",
"score": "1.0202007",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Leonard Mackenzie Reilly",
"text": "passed his last driver's license test at age 95. He first entered political life in 1947, running as an aldermanic candidate. He was elected as one of two councillors in Ward 9 in Toronto. He was re-elected as a councillor in 1948, but he lost in 1949 when he attempted to secure one of the four positions on the Board of Control. In 1951, he returned to municipal politics, winning acclamation as a councillor in Ward 9, a position he successfully defended in the elections in 1952, 1953 and 1954. He chose not to run in the 1955 election. Reilly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14391450",
"score": "0.994465",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles",
"text": "the first motor vehicle inspection law. It also passed an act authorizing prison inmates to manufacture license plates, a practice that continues today. By 1936 the number of licensed operators in the State exceeded 100,000. A person who lives and drives in Vermont must obtain a Vermont driver's license. A person who has moved into the state from another jurisdiction with a valid license from that state must obtain a Vermont license within 60 days of moving into the state. In accordance with state and federal law, any person holding a commercial driver license from another state must transfer their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13545822",
"score": "0.9769033",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "David Renton",
"text": "that \"Democracy has its limitations.\" His memoirs, \"The Spice of Life\", were published in 2006. In July 2003, just short of his 95th birthday, he passed his driving test for the first time. He was a regular driver since 1934, at a time when there was no formal driving test in the United Kingdom, although he stopped driving some time before he died. In passing his driving test, he became the oldest person to pass the driving test in the United Kingdom. He married Claire Cicely (\"Paddy\") Duncan in 1947. They had three daughters. His wife died of cancer in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2925732",
"score": "0.97189534",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States",
"text": "the first such license approved under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative; according to a Homeland Security press release, the department is also working with Arizonan authorities to develop enhanced driver's licenses. On September 16, 2008, New York began issuing enhanced driver's licenses that meet WHTI requirements. Texas was expected to also implement an enhanced driver's license program, but the program has been blocked by Texas Governor Rick Perry, despite a state law authorizing the Texas Department of Public Safety to issue EDLs and a ruling by the state attorney general, Greg Abbott, that Texas's production of EDLs would comply with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11484247",
"score": "0.96509206",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States",
"text": "by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization for the use of photo ID age verification in conjunction with increasing the drinking age to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses. New York and Tennessee were the last states to add photos in 1986. However, New Jersey later allowed drivers to get non-photo licenses; this was later revoked. Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non-photo license. All Tennessee drivers aged 60 years of age or older had the option of a non-photo driver's license prior to January 2013, when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11484240",
"score": "0.9430964",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Commercial driver's license",
"text": "license (CDL) Program in 1986, licensing requirements for driving larger vehicles and buses varied from state to state. Many drivers were operating motor vehicles that they may not have been trained or qualified to drive. This lack of training resulted in a large number of preventable traffic deaths and accidents. 1986 when the Act became law, all drivers have been required to have a CDL in order to drive a Commercial Motor Vehicle. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) has developed testing standards for licensing drivers. U.S. states are able to issue CDLs only after a written and practical test have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4082760",
"score": "0.9327069",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Driver's licenses for illegal immigrants in the United States",
"text": "were able to get a driver's license since the early 1990s. However, California blocked off this access in 1991, by asking all driver license applicants to provide a social security number. Two years later, California explicitly committed to denying illegal aliens access to state issued driver's licenses by passing Senate Bill 976. Under SB 976 anyone requesting a driver's license from the Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) needed to provide proof of lawful presence in the United States. The denial of driver's licenses to the undocumented community did not sit well with some of California's state legislators. Gil Cedillo, for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20570814",
"score": "0.93211734",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Joshua's Law",
"text": "Joshua's Law Joshua’s Law is a Georgia state law enacted in 2007 changing the driver's license requirements for teen drivers. A teen driver must meet the requirements to obtain a Georgia driver’s license. The law was named after Joshua Brown, who lost his life in an accident in 2003. Joshua’s parents rallied with legislators in an effort to put stronger driver training laws into effect. The end result was The Teenage and Adult Driver Responsibility Act (TADRA), a law that requires teens get specific driving experience and instruction before obtaining licensing beyond the learner's permit. The law also implemented a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12628820",
"score": "0.9299755",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Graduated driver licensing",
"text": "driver of 21 years of age or older. A 16-year-old licensee may be able to drive unsupervised with permission. However, between 12 am and 6 am, 16-year-olds need supervision unless performing necessary activities. According to the National Safety Council, other states follow similar types of restrictions. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) first commenced in Australia in the mid-1960s with New South Wales introducing provisional licences on 4 January 1966. Learner licences had been in use since 1952. The provisional phase was for 12 months and had 40 mph speed restriction. Today in all Australian states, newly licensed drivers are required by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6046017",
"score": "0.92750347",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Ignition interlock device",
"text": "their driver license. This was mandated in honor of Leandra Rosado who died riding in a vehicle driven by a drunk driver. A conviction of Driving While Impaired with a blood alcohol concentration of 0.15 or more or another conviction within the past seven years will require an ignition interlock device to be installed on the vehicle. Effective July 2, 2009, anyone convicted of a DUI, whether it be a first offense or a subsequent offense, will be required to have an ignition interlock device placed on their car — for 18 months for first time offense. Effective July 1,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3440629",
"score": "0.9235246",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Russell Pearce",
"text": "application or via SSOLV, and remains on the Arizona drivers license file. Pearce oversaw the implementation of a law requiring that applicants for drivers licenses provide either a birth certificate proving they are United States citizens, or documents proving they are in the United States legally. Pearce was discharged from the position of Director of the Arizona Motor Vehicle Division in August 1999 by Arizona Department of Transportation Director Mary Peters, after an investigation revealed that two of Pearce's subordinates had tampered with a Tucson woman's driving record. Pearce later said he was cleared of wrongdoing, but Peters told the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10929214",
"score": "0.9172644",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Lori Erica Ruff",
"text": "where she obtained a state ID card on June 16 using the girl's birth certificate. After obtaining the driver's license, Ruff went before a judge in Dallas on July 5, 1988 and legally changed her name to Lori Erica Kennedy; a week later she obtained a Social Security number, effectively erasing her past. She received a Texas driver license in 1989, and the next year qualified for a GED. She enrolled in Dallas County Community College. She eventually graduated from the University of Texas at Arlington in 1997, with a degree in Business Administration. A man who knew Ruff has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19145318",
"score": "0.9169897",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "the motor vehicle must be in possession of a valid Driver's Permit on their person and is legally endorsed for that class of vehicle. Contravention to the aforementioned could warrant a fine of up to and imprisonment. The eligible age to first obtain a driver's license varies substantially from state to state, from 14 years, three months, in South Dakota to 17 in New Jersey. In a majority of states one can obtain a license that allows driving without adult supervision by age 16, after passing the requisite tests. Since the driver's license is a commonplace document that carries much",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17332953",
"score": "0.9149934",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Newly licensed driver plate",
"text": "usually 12 months later. After passing the driver must display 'P' plates. Holders of a provisional/probationary licence may be restricted compared to fully licensed drivers in speed, blood alcohol limits, limits on the type and power of their car's engine (i.e., no more than 6 cylinders, no forced induction), and number of demerit points that can be deducted. VicRoads, the Victorian road authority, publish information for learner drivers on the L-Site. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) first commenced in Australia in the mid-1960s with New South Wales introducing learner and provisional licences in 1966. In all states, newly licensed drivers are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3066244",
"score": "0.91270876",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Jean Frances Howard",
"text": "to provide the tests, Howard was made a \"special\" test administrator. Despite an added responsibility on top of her dispatcher position, Howard was still paid her original salary. After Alaska ratified the Equal Rights Amendment, she applied to become an Alaska state trooper. She passed the required tests and on September 17, 1969, Howard became the first woman state trooper in Alaska. She also became \"the first unrestricted state officer in the United States\". Upon becoming a state trooper, Howard denied being a \"women's rights advocate\", and that \"it just sorta happened\", referring to her becoming a trooper. In 2009,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17652786",
"score": "0.9060316",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Mary Millicent Miller",
"text": "in New Orleans as supervising inspector of the SIS Tenth District, Folger proclaimed that she should be allowed a master's license if she could do the expected work of a master with no allowance for her sex. Miller took the tests required for a master's license, and took the required oath on February 16, 1884. That same day, \"Harper's Weekly\" ran a cartoon entitled, \"By All Means Commission The Ladies,\" and her picture appeared in the same publication on March 8, 1884. From then on she was the captain of their ship, the \"Saline\". Respected steamboat masters publicly proclaimed her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13413127",
"score": "0.904836",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Driver's licenses in the United States",
"text": "the state of Arizona. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame. Because there is no national identity card in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the \"de facto\" equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. In many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11484239",
"score": "0.90059423",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Driver licence in New Zealand",
"text": "in rural areas without access to public transport to drive themselves to school, when they become old enough to drive. At 105 as of 2018, New Zealand's oldest driver is Bill Mitchell. He has been driving over 90 years. Driver licence in New Zealand The New Zealand driver licence system is a graduated system that has been in place (with modifications, such as the L-plate requirement) since 1987. It consists of three phases for a car licence, each with varying levels of conditions. The New Zealand driver licence allows the holder to drive specified vehicles with or without restrictions on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11488232",
"score": "0.90020895",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Gertrude Jeannette",
"text": "Rock, Arkansas during the Great Depression, and she enrolled at the segregated Dunbar High School. In 1935 she became the first woman to get a license to drive a motorcycle in New York City, and she joined her husband's motorcycle club in the early 1940s. In 1942, she took and passed the cab driver's test and became the first female cab driver in New York City. In 1949, she was present at the Peekskill Riots, when the Ku Klux Klan attempted to lynch Paul Robeson. Her husband worked as a bodyguard for Robeson, and during the riot, she and her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9938721",
"score": "0.899126",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Dorsey Schroeder",
"text": "19, he became the first person under the age of 21 to be issued an SCCA National competition license. Dorsey was a successful sports car driver throughout the 1990s in the Trans-Am series, winning the championship with Roush Racing as a rookie in 1989 with six wins. In 1990, he was named IMSA GT Championship GTO class champion with three wins. Between 1998 and 2002, he also competed in Grand-Am and American Le Mans series events, recording a win at Mid-Ohio in 1998 for Dyson Racing. In recent years, Schroeder has competed in IMSA WeatherTech SportsCar Championship races at Daytona",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6652184",
"score": "0.89497197",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "while under the supervision of an authorised driving instructor, is 18. A provisional driving licence is obtained once the individual has passed the basic theory test. PDL holders are then required to sit for and pass the final theory test before they are allowed to sit for the practical driving test. Once they have passed the practical driving test, they are issued with a driving licence which allows for driving without supervision, though new drivers are required to display probationary plates when driving for the first year after their licence is issued. In South Korea, one must be holding a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17332922",
"score": "0.8935784",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Annie Walker (Coronation Street)",
"text": "she continued to rule with an iron fist. In 1976, when her business was threatened by Renee Bradshaw's (Madge Hindle) application to turn the Corner Shop into an off-licence, Annie petitioned against her, but the matter was settled in court in favour of Renee. At 67, Annie decided to learn to drive, and to pass her test after fewer than 86 lessons - the number her friend and rival Nellie Harvey (Mollie Sugden) had taken. To the surprise of all (after her first lesson ended with her hitting a lamp post), she passed her test first time and bought a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6093550",
"score": "0.8935381",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Driver's manual",
"text": "manuals. The beginning of every manual starts with how to get a driver’s license. It informs us about what types of identification is needed, and who is eligible to apply for a license. In most states, you “must provide documentary proof of their full legal name, age, Social Security number, citizenship, or legal presence and address.” (Ohio Driver’s Manual). In all states there is a minimum age requirement for getting a driver’s permit, which later leads into receiving a full driver’s license. This age limit varies by state. “The person must also be in good general health, and can have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13061888",
"score": "0.89278185",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"text": "given, the driver must satisfy the condition below to be able to drive. Drving a vehicle without satisfying the given condition is considered as unlicensed driving. New E-Smart Card driving licenses are available in Sri Lanka. These cards are intended for the use in the proposed \"Point System\". In Sri Lanka, a driving license is the official document which authorizes its holder to operate various types of motor vehicles on public roads. They are administered by the Department of Motor Traffic (DMT). The minimum age is 18 years for all vehicle types. Driving in Thailand without a driver's license is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17332924",
"score": "0.89098483",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Ann Richards",
"text": "backed proposals to reduce the sale of semi-automatic firearms and \"cop-killer\" bullets in the state. She signed into law the amendment of the Texas Financial Responsibility Law where renewal of a motor vehicle's registration (also covers initial registration of a motor vehicle), safety inspection sticker, driver's license, and/or obtaining new license plates require that a motorist must have a valid auto insurance policy. The law, which passed on September 1, 1991, broadens the 1982 law where a police officer will request a driver's license and proof of insurance during a traffic stop. She appointed then State Representative Lena Guerrero of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2116025",
"score": "0.8886624",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Graduated driver licensing",
"text": "license status (and hence of restrictions that may apply). Receipt of a full drivers license typically requires a specific minimum age, a minimum time period of driving experience, and may require the passing of a final road test of driving skills or the passing of a hazard perception test. The first graduated driver licensing systems involving a learner licensing phase, an intermediate, provisional or probationary licensing phase, and full licensing were developed in Australia in the 1960s, but the advocacy of graduated driver licensing in North America is associated with Professor Patricia Waller, of the University of North Carolina Injury",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6045998",
"score": "0.88838434",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Driver's license",
"long_answer": "Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Karl Benz, inventor of the modern automobile, had to receive written permission from the Grand Ducal authorities to operate his car on public roads in 1888 after residents complained about the noise and smell of his Motorwagen. Up until the start of the 20th century, European authorities issued licenses to drive motor vehicles similarly ad hoc, if at all.",
"short_answers": [
"1888"
]
}
|
list of books written by abul kalam azad
|
[
"Ghubar-e-Khatir",
"Tarjumanul Quran",
"Tazkirah",
"India Wins Freedom"
] |
[
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad, written primarily during 1942 to 1946 when he was imprisoned in Ahmednagar Fort in Maharashtra by British Raj while he was in Bombay (now Mumbai) to preside over the meeting of All India Congress Working Committee. The book is basically a collection of 24 letters he wrote addressing his close friend Maulana Habibur Rahman Khan Sherwani. These letters were never sent to him because there was no permission for that during the imprisonment and after the release in 1946, he gave all these letters to his friend Ajmal Khan who let it published for the first time",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179643",
"score": "1.2334015",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer) Abul Kalam Azad (born 24 September 1964) is a noted contemporary Indian photographer. Abul's photographic works are predominantly autobiographical and expose the areas of politics, culture, contemporary history, gender and eroticism. His works attempts a re-reading of contemporary Indian history - the history in which ordinary people are absent and mainly provided by beautiful images and icons. Abul's works makes an active intervention in the common illustrative discourse of this history. Using the same tool, photography, that chisels history out of a block of ‘real’ human experiences, Abul makes a parody of it. 'Overall, the corpus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340471",
"score": "1.21623",
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},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "in 1946. Although the book is a collection of letters but except one or two letters, all other letters are unique and most of the letters deal with complex issues such as existence of God, the origin of religions, the origin of music and its place in religion, etc. The book is primarily an Urdu language book; however, there are over five hundred of couplets, mostly in Persian and Arabic languages. It is because, Maulana was born in a family where Arabic and Persian were used more frequently than Urdu. He was born in Mekkah, given formal education in Persian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179644",
"score": "1.206514",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "and lifestyle of ancient Tamilakam. He is the Editor-in-Chief of Photo Mail online magazine. Abul was born in Kerala (24 September 1964) to a migrant family from Tamil Nadu and was brought up in Mattancherry, the historical heart of Kochi. Abul's talents as a photographer was evident from childhood and he joined as an apprentice in a hometown studio to develop his skills. During the 1980s he set up 'Zen studio' at Mattancherry and started working with many prominent news agencies, newspapers, and in periodicals in India and Abroad. He moved to Delhi in the year 1990 and worked as",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17340473",
"score": "1.2039982",
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},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad; the word Maulana is an honorific meaning 'Our Master', and he had adopted \"Azad\" (\"Free\") as his pen name. His contribution to establishing the education",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179629",
"score": "1.2021576",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician)",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician) Abul Kalam Azad is a member of parliament of the Jatiya Sangsad and former information minister of Bangladesh. Azad serves as the Member of Parliament for Jamalpur District. From 2009 to 2013, he served as the Minister of Information. In 2009, when Azad was inaugurated as minister of information, he promised journalists that the government would ensure right to information and freethinking in Bangladesh and sought \"constructive criticism\" from editors in the print and electronic media. However, in 2010, he changed his stance and ordered that the government would enact a law to curb what",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19339428",
"score": "1.1981459",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "Abul's Mayalokam studio continued in the same building till 2010. Abul Kalam Azad moved to Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu in the year 2010. Here Abul Kalam Azad initiated the formation of Ekalokam Trust for Photography which was registered as a non-profit foundation in the year 2013, co-founded by Kulanthivel and Tulsi Swarna Lakshmi. Abul Kalam Azad has been awarded the French Government for higher studies in photography (year 1992) and Charles Wallace Award for Masters in the UK (year 1995) and studied in Surrey Institute of Arts & Design University College. Using the medium of Analog photography, Azad documents his personal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340477",
"score": "1.1723311",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "a photo-journalist with Press Trust of India (1990-1996), New Delhi Bureau. During this time he traveled for further studies to Europe. He was supported by various scholarships, one of which was granted to him by the French Government. He also received a Charles Wallace Award (fellowship 1995), UK. He left the promising photo-journalist career to follow his passion 'art photography'. His first exhibition 'Frontier People' was held at Kerala Kaladeepam in the year 1994. His first National level exhibition 'Violence Undone' was held in Max Muller Bhavan, New Delhi in the year 1996. Since then, Abul's work has been exhibited",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17340474",
"score": "1.1712332",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Syed Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "\"\"High-Value Agriculture Products in Bangladesh : An Empirical Study on Agro-Business Opportunities and Constraints\"\". Syed Abul Kalam Azad is a professor of Department of Marketing in University of Dhaka. He was treasurer of the Dhaka University from 4 February 2006 to 23 January 2009 and National University from 24 March 2002 to 3 February 2006. Azad was the first house tutor of the Muktijoddha Ziaur Rahman Hall. He was the Dean of faculty of Business Studies. He also served as a chairperson of Marketing department from 1989 to 1992. Azad is currently an academic council member of Jagannath University and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19436699",
"score": "1.1684029",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "year 2013. Ekalokam collective is a south Indian based firm (year of registration - 2012), working with the vision of reaching out to art lovers with their day to day use art products. Their motto is 'art in every day life'. Abul Kalam Azad (photographer) Abul Kalam Azad (born 24 September 1964) is a noted contemporary Indian photographer. Abul's photographic works are predominantly autobiographical and expose the areas of politics, culture, contemporary history, gender and eroticism. His works attempts a re-reading of contemporary Indian history - the history in which ordinary people are absent and mainly provided by beautiful images",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340491",
"score": "1.1673765",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (officer)",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad (officer) Abul Kalam Azad (30 October 1971 – 31 March 2017) was a lieutenant colonel of Bangladesh Army. He served as Director of Intelligence of Rapid Action Battalion. Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad, was born on 30 October 1971 in Shibganj of Chapai Nawabganj district. He completed MA in English from National University. Abul Kalam Azad was commissioned in the East Bengal Regiment after passing the 34th BMA long course in June 7, 1996. During his time in the army he served in different posts including IO, Adjutant and Quartermaster with the 6th East Bengal Regiment. He also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20080381",
"score": "1.1633236",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "political – the political is personal – that adage only applies to a part of his work. Left politics seen from the inside, religious ritual as street-side happening, blatant sexuality and marginalized sexual desire, drugged and drunken excess, the glories of classical music and dance, quotidian little details – his images teem with a life which cannot be contained'. Abul’s first exhibition was in Kalapeedom, Kochi and since then has exhibited his works in India and Abroad. 150 images from various series of Abul Kalam Azad has been featured in the ten different notebooks published by Ekalokam Collective, in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340490",
"score": "1.1620913",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (politician)",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad (politician) Abul Kalam Azad, (born 5 March 1947) is a former Bangladeshi politician of the Jamaat-e-Islami, televangelist and convicted war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war. He was the first of nine prominent Jamaat-e-Islami members accused of war crimes by the International Crimes Tribunal-2 of Bangladesh to be convicted for crimes against humanity, including murder and rape. On 21 January 2013 Azad was sentenced to death by hanging for his crimes. Abul Kalam Azad was born on 5 March 1947 to an impoverished farmer, Abdus Salam Mia and his wife of Barakhardia village, under Saltha Police Station",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17046947",
"score": "1.1547322",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "of Azad’s work can be seen to have a thrust towards an archive of local micro-history at the level of personal memory and in that sense, his works add up to a kind of social anthropology of his land and its people, though not necessarily in the line of tradition of the objective documentary'. Abul Kalam Azad is the visionary behind EtP Ekalokam Trust for Photography, a Trust dedicated to preserving and promoting contemporary Photography. He is also the Director of Project 365, a public photo art project that collectively creates and preserves photographic visuals of the fast changing culture",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340472",
"score": "1.14427",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury",
"text": "Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury Abul Kalam Azad Chowdhury (also AK Azad Chowdhury; born 21 October 1946) is a Bangladeshi academic. He served as the 23rd Vice-chancellor of the University of Dhaka and the 11th Chairman of University Grants Commission of Bangladesh. Chowdhury was born on 21 October 1946 to Siddiqur Rahman Chowdhury and Anwara Begum Chowdhury. He completed his bachelor's and master's in bio-chemistry from the University of Dhaka in 1967 and 1968 respectively. He obtained his Ph.D. in Pharmacy from the University of Manchester in 1976. Chowdhury was a member of Drug Policy Committee of Harvard University, National Professor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19648747",
"score": "1.1387326",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician)",
"text": "he term \"yellow journalism\". Analysts say such laws were only enacted to curb the freedom of the press and dissident voices. In 2015, Azad was sent a show cause order by his own party, the Bangladesh Awami League for working against party policy and supporting a rebel candidate. Abul Kalam Azad (Jamalpur politician) Abul Kalam Azad is a member of parliament of the Jatiya Sangsad and former information minister of Bangladesh. Azad serves as the Member of Parliament for Jamalpur District. From 2009 to 2013, he served as the Minister of Information. In 2009, when Azad was inaugurated as minister",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19339429",
"score": "1.1379206",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Syed Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "former academic council member of East West University and Presidency University, Bangladesh. Azad was the former convenor of Jatiyatabadi Oikya Parishad. He visited Greenwich University, Karachi in Pakistan as a Dean of faculty of Business Studies with a Bangladeshi delegation in 13 June 2001. In 2007, RAJUK, development authority of Dhaka, accused Dhaka University authorities to violate the building laws, rules and codes in construction of buildings without approval from RAJUK. Responding to legal obligation of obtaining building approval, Azad said, Syed Abul Kalam Azad Syed Abul Kalam Azad (born 1 October 1951) is a professor and former treasurer of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19436700",
"score": "1.133899",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Syed Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "Syed Abul Kalam Azad Syed Abul Kalam Azad (born 1 October 1951) is a professor and former treasurer of University of Dhaka. He was also the treasurer of the National University, Bangladesh. Azad is from Lakshmipur District of Bangladesh. He was born in 1951 and his father's name is Syed Amin Ullah. He completed his masters from University of Dhaka in 1973. He was the student of 1st batch in Department of Marketing. He completed Master of Business Administration from Western Illinois University, USA. Azad did his Ph.D in 2015 under the supervision of Professor M.A. Quddus. His topic is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19436698",
"score": "1.1323391",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "actor Virendra Razdan in the 1982 biographical film, \"Gandhi\", directed by Richard Attenborough. His birthday, 11 November is celebrated as National Education Day in India. Abul Kalam Azad Maulana Sayyid Abul Kalam Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al-Hussaini Azad (; 11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958) was an Indian scholar, activist and a senior leader of the Indian National Congress during the Indian independence movement. Following India's independence, he became the First Minister of Education in the Indian government Minister of Human Resource Development (until 25 September 1958, Ministry of Education) . He is commonly remembered as Maulana Azad;",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179681",
"score": "1.1226926",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "foundation in India is recognised by celebrating his birthday as \"National Education Day\" across India. As a young man, Azad composed poetry in Urdu, as well as treatises on religion and philosophy. He rose to prominence through his work as a journalist, publishing works critical of the British Raj and espousing the causes of Indian nationalism. Azad became the leader of the Khilafat Movement, during which he came into close contact with the Indian leader Mahatma Gandhi. Azad became an enthusiastic supporter of Gandhi's ideas of non-violent civil disobedience, and worked to organise the non-co-operation movement in protest of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179630",
"score": "1.1185372",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "freedom struggle and its leaders, which was published in 1959. As India's first Minister of Education, he emphasised on educating the rural poor and girls. As Chairman of the Central Advisory Board of Education, he gave thrust to adult literacy, universal primary education, free and compulsory for all children up to the age of 14, girl\"s education, and diversification of secondary education and vocational training. Addressing the conference on All India Education on 16 January 1948, Maulana Azad emphasised, He oversaw the setting up of the Central Institute of Education, Delhi, which later became the Department of Education of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179675",
"score": "1.112109",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi",
"text": "Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi Abdur Razzaq Malihabadi (1875-1959?) was the autobiographer of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad and a journalist. He was born in Malihabad, a suburb of Lucknow district, capital of Uttar Pradesh. He died in Mumbai due to cancer survived by two sons (elder son is currently Rajya Sabha MP & Journalist) and a daughter (home maker). His early schooling happened in Lucknow & Azamgarh but later went on to Saudia Arab to do his doctrate & he spent many years of his life there. He had a rock solid grip with languages like Urdu, Persian, Arabic, Pashto. He worked",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17259410",
"score": "1.1096532",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Syeda Saiyidain Hameed",
"text": "1984, on the Muslim social leaders of the Indian subcontinent as well as Sufism returned several books, all published in the 1990s. The first of the series was a 1990 book on Abul Kalam Azad, titled \"India's Maulana Abul Kalam Azad\", a treatise on the life of the Indian freedom movement leader and the first Education Minister of the Independent India. This was followed by a translation of \"The Rubaiyat of Sarmad\", a commentary on Muslims in India, \"Al Hilal and Nai Roshini: Two Attempts to Integrate Muslims Into Indian Policy\", and a study on Sufism, \"Impact of Sufism on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19243217",
"score": "1.1087954",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "and social life. His works could largely be associated with the place he lives, the social-political dynamics of the period, the technological advancement etc., and very much pertains to the local culture and historical context. Abul worked as Photo-journalist and editor in several magazines and news papers which is reflected in the works done during this period. He traveled for higher studies to Europe and London which has greatly influenced his works. Painted photography also referred to as Hand-colouring of photographs refers to manually adding colour to a black-and-white photograph print, generally either to heighten the realism of the photograph",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340478",
"score": "1.106619",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "organise revolutionaries activities and meetings in Bengal, Bihar and Bombay (now called Mumbai). Azad's education had been shaped for him to become a cleric, but his rebellious nature and affinity for politics turned him towards journalism. Maulana Azad worked for Vakil, a newspaper from Amritsar. As per Allama Mashriqi's book titled \"Dahulbab\" \"[Translation] In 1903, Maulvi Shibli Nomani...sent the respected Abul Kalam Azad...to Qibla-au-Kaaba [Khan Ata] in Amritsar so that he could shape his [Azad] future. Therefore he [Azad] stayed with him [Khan Ata] for five years and was part of the editorial team of the...Vakil.\" He established an Urdu",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179639",
"score": "1.1047662",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "main campus of the university is named after him. Azad was one of the main organizers of the Dharasana Satyagraha in 1931, and emerged as one of the most important national leaders of the time, prominently leading the causes of Hindu-Muslim unity as well as espousing secularism and socialism. He served as Congress president from 1940 to 1945, during which the \"Quit India\" rebellion was launched. Azad was imprisoned, together with the entire Congress leadership. Amidst communal turmoil following the partition of India, he worked for religious harmony. As India's Education Minister, Azad oversaw the establishment of a national education",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179632",
"score": "1.1043425",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (photographer)",
"text": "the comparison with the overpowering architectures is the mass of human beings, who always remains powerless. Ordinary people are apparently absent from this history. Abul's works attempts at a re-reading of this history. 'In the 1990s, Abul traveled extensively the length and width of North India, and documented the unmistakable scar of time, the dilemma of post-emergency India — the erupting quest of the haunted sphinx of history at the foreground of a degenerating architecture of faith. This is evident in this set of work that deals with the violent message of an unending search for identity. In the context",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17340482",
"score": "1.1042176",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"text": "through the \"Al-Hilal\" newspaper. Azad was born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, then a part of the Ottoman Empire. His real name was Sayyid Ghulam Muhiyuddin Ahmed bin Khairuddin Al Hussaini, but he eventually became known as Maulana Abul Kalam Azad. Azad's father was a scholar who lived in Delhi with his maternal grandfather, as his father had died at a very young age. During the Sepoy Mutiny, he left India and settled in Mecca. His father Maulana Sayyid Muhammad Khairuddin bin Ahmed AlHussaini wrote twelve books, had thousands of disciples, and claimed noble ancestry, while his mother was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3179634",
"score": "1.1032346",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad (officer)",
"text": "worked in different important posts at the army headquarters, administrative office, 1st Para Commando Battalion and 19th East Bengal Regiment. He had been deputed to the paramilitary Rapid Action as commanding officer in Rab-12 from October 26, 2011. He served as a deputy director in the intelligence wing (TFI Cell) of Rab Headquarters from December 31, 2011 to December 7, 2013. He was promoted to the post of director in the intelligence wing in the same year. In 27 January 2016 he awarded the Bangladesh Police Medal. On 25 March 2017 he was critically injured in a bomb attack while",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20080382",
"score": "1.1024549",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Abul Kalam Azad",
"long_answer": "Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Maulana Azad is considered one of the greatest Urdu writers of the 20th century. He has written many books including India Wins Freedom, Ghubar-e-Khatir, Tazkirah, Tarjumanul Quran, etc.",
"short_answers": [
"Ghubar-e-Khatir",
"India Wins Freedom",
"Tarjumanul Quran",
"Tazkirah"
]
}
|
who is next in line to inherit the british throne
|
[
"Charles, Prince of Wales"
] |
[
{
"title": "George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews",
"text": "French and German. Downpatrick is the most senior potential heir to Queen Elizabeth II excluded from the line of succession for being a Roman Catholic under the Act of Settlement 1701, followed by his younger sister Lady Marina Charlotte Windsor, who also has been confirmed as a Roman Catholic. However, his youngest sister, Lady Amelia Windsor, remains in line to the throne. He was one of Diana, Princess of Wales's 17 godchildren. Lady Marina Charlotte Alexandra Katharine Helen Windsor (born 30 September 1992 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge) is the elder daughter of the Earl and Countess of St Andrews.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3078734",
"score": "1.1128538",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Sophia of Hanover",
"text": "Dowager of Hannover Daughter of the most Excellent Princess Elizabeth late Queen of Bohemia Daughter of our late Sovereign Lord King James the First of happy Memory be and is hereby declared to be the next in Succession in the Protestant Line to the Imperiall Crown and Dignity of the forsaid Realms of England France and Ireland with the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging after His Majesty and the Princess Anne of Denmark and in Default of Issue of the said Princess Anne and of His Majesty respectively. Sophia was made heir presumptive to cut off not just a claim",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "376566",
"score": "1.1086347",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Prince of Wales",
"text": "and so on, or if the monarch's eldest son had died without issue, the monarch's second eldest son, etc. As such, a daughter of the sovereign who was next in line to the throne was never the heir apparent because she would be displaced in the succession by any future legitimate son of the sovereign. Along with the other Commonwealth realms, the United Kingdom in 2011 committed to the Perth Agreement, which proposed changes to the laws governing succession, including altering the primogeniture to absolute cognatic. The Succession to the Crown Act 2013 was introduced to the British parliament on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "566875",
"score": "1.097982",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Lord Frederick Windsor",
"text": "Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Windsor (born 6 April 1979), also nicknamed Freddie Windsor, is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. He is currently 48th in line to the succession of the British throne. He is President of the charity Soldier On!, which invites socially isolated people to participate in archaeology and heritage projects as well as career development workshops. Windsor was born on 6 April 1979 at St Mary's Hospital, London. He is a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II and a first cousin twice removed of Prince",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2891396",
"score": "1.0917028",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Lady Davina Lewis",
"text": "in the Waipoua Forest of Northland Region, New Zealand. Until 26 March 2015, Tāne was ahead of Senna in the line of succession to the British throne, as the monarchy's 300-year-old Act of Settlement gave sons priority over daughters. When the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect in all Commonwealth realms in 2015, Senna became the nearest relative of the reigning monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, to be affected by the change in law, which advanced her proximity to the Crown by reversing her place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Senna and Tāne",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2526940",
"score": "1.0867",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Succession to the British throne",
"text": "complete version of the line of succession is currently maintained. The exact number, in remoter collateral lines, of the people who would be eligible is uncertain. In 2001, American genealogist William Addams Reitwiesner compiled a list of 4,973 living descendants of the Electress Sophia in order of succession, but did so disregarding Roman Catholic status. When updated in January 2011, the number was 5,753. The annotated list below covers the first part of this line of succession, being limited to descendants of the sons of George V (the present Queen's grandfather). The order of the first seventeen numbered in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3544757",
"score": "1.0844318",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews",
"text": "Rosie Hospital in Cambridge. She is 38th in the line of succession to the thrones of Britain, Canada, and the other Commonwealth realms, following her father (). He married a Roman Catholic and was therefore formerly removed from line of succession in accordance with the Act of Settlement 1701 until the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 restored his place in the line. Lady Amelia's elder siblings both converted to and were confirmed in the Roman Catholic Church, making them still ineligible for the succession. In 2017, Amelia was named in the \"Vanity Fair\" International Best Dressed list. St Andrews'",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3078736",
"score": "1.0807366",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Lady Rose Gilman",
"text": "Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne . Lady Rose was born at St Mary's Hospital, London, and at birth was 12th in line of succession to the British Throne. She was baptised on 13 July 1980 at St Andrew's Church, Barnwell, Northamptonshire. Her godparents included The Prince Edward and Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones. She attended St George's School, Ascot and grew up at her parents' apartment in Kensington Palace.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20564506",
"score": "1.0784132",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Bill 2004",
"text": "still remained in force. The most immediate effect of the Bill passing and becoming law would have been the moving of Princess Anne from her then position of ninth on the line of succession to the British throne to fourth, displacing Prince Andrew, Duke of York. It was unclear as to how the Bill would have affected the line of succession in the other 15 Commonwealth realms as it explicitly applied to the United Kingdom only. The Bill drew on the recommendations of the Fabian Society's Commission on the Future of the Monarchy, which reported in 2003. Lord Dubs is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4248103",
"score": "1.0762953",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Succession to the British throne",
"text": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Alternative successions of the English and British crown",
"text": "queen and the throne would have been inherited by her eldest child, and so on. Friederike is not considered a pretender to the British throne, as this alternative line of succession is completely hypothetical. Next in line would be her eldest child, Felicitas Catharini Malina Johanna von Reiche. Alternative successions of the English and British crown British history provides several opportunities for alternative claimants to the Crown to arise, and historical scholars have on occasion traced to present times the heirs of those alternative claims. Throughout this article, the names of \"would-have-been\" monarchs are in \"italics\". Richard II abdicated in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9892967",
"score": "1.074178",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Prince Louis of Cambridge",
"text": "succession to the British throne, behind his grandfather, father and older siblings, Prince George and Princess Charlotte. Following the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, he is the first British prince to be ranked behind an elder sister in the line of succession. Prince Louis of Cambridge Prince Louis of Cambridge (Louis Arthur Charles; ; born 23 April 2018) is a member of the British royal family. He is the third and youngest child and second son of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, and Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge. He is fifth in the line",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20683462",
"score": "1.070378",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Lady Amelia Windsor",
"text": "IX of Denmark, Frederick II Eugene, Duke of Württemberg, and Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel. Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor (\"Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor\"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19379022",
"score": "1.069361",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Lady Amelia Windsor",
"text": "Lady Amelia Windsor Lady Amelia Windsor (\"Amelia Sophia Theodora Mary Margaret Windsor\"; born 24 August 1995) is an English fashion model and member of the British royal family. She is currently 38th in the line of succession to the British throne. Lady Amelia Windsor was born on 24 August 1995 at Rosie Hospital in Cambridge and was christened in December 1995 at Chapel Royal, St James's Palace. She is the youngest child of George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, and Sylvana Tomaselli. Her paternal grandfather, Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, is a first cousin of Elizabeth II. Her paternal great",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19379016",
"score": "1.0686333",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Dynasty",
"text": "(born 1954), a male-line descendant of George III of the United Kingdom, possesses no legal British name, titles or styles (although he is entitled to re-claim the once-royal dukedom of Cumberland), was born in the line of succession to the British crown and was bound by Britain's Royal Marriages Act 1772 until it was repealed when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 took effect on 26 March 2015. Thus, in 1999 he requested and obtained formal permission from Elizabeth II to marry the Roman Catholic Princess Caroline of Monaco. Yet a clause of the English Act of Settlement 1701",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675267",
"score": "1.0669284",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Princess Charlotte of Cambridge",
"text": "all children of the Prince of Wales's elder son. She is thus styled \"Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Cambridge\". Charlotte is fourth in the line of succession to the British throne, after her grandfather, father, and elder brother. Due to the implementation of the Perth Agreement, which replaced male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture, she did not move down the line of succession when her younger brother, Prince Louis of Cambridge, was born on 23 April 2018. Princess Charlotte of Cambridge Princess Charlotte of Cambridge (Charlotte Elizabeth Diana; born 2 May 2015) is a member of the British royal family.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18266775",
"score": "1.0616531",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Lady Gabriella Windsor",
"text": "Lady Gabriella Windsor Lady Gabriella Windsor (born 23 April 1981) is the daughter of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent. She is 51st in line to the succession of the British throne. Gabriella Windsor was born at St Mary's Hospital, London. She has an older brother, Frederick, born on 6 April 1979. She was educated at Queen's Gate School in London and Downe House School in Cold Ash, Berkshire. In May 2004, Gabriella graduated from Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island, with a BA degree in Comparative Literature. In 2012, she earned an MPhil degree in Social Anthropology from Linacre",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7627202",
"score": "1.0603354",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Bill 2011",
"text": "male primogeniture in succeeding to the throne of the United Kingdom with absolute cognatic primogeniture. It was due to have received its Second Reading on 9 September, however, the second reading did not occur on that date, and was instead rescheduled for 25 November 2011. On 28 October 2011, it was announced by the heads of government of the 16 Commonwealth realms which share Elizabeth II as head of state that such a change in the law will soon be effected in all 16 independent nations, including the United Kingdom. Prime Minister David Cameron said that an Act of Parliament",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15248492",
"score": "1.058003",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Act of Settlement 1701",
"text": "is Prince Michael of Kent, who married Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz in 1978; he was fifteenth in the line of succession at the time. He was restored to the line of succession in 2015 when the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 came into force, and became 34th in line. The next most senior living descendant of the Electress Sophia who had been ineligible to succeed on this ground is George Windsor, Earl of St Andrews, the elder son of Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, who married the Roman Catholic Sylvana Palma Tomaselli in 1988. His son, Lord Downpatrick, converted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "21807",
"score": "1.0572994",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2013",
"text": "of Acts of Union 1801, again maintained that the succession rules in place in the new United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland should be \"continued limited and settled in the same manner\". Since the Acts of Union 1707, male preference primogeniture has operated twice to displace a female by a younger brother: when Princess Augusta's younger brother became King George III on the death of their grandfather King George II (1760); and when Princess Victoria's younger brother became King Edward VII on the death of their mother Queen Victoria (1901). Princess Anne is the younger sister of the heir",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16966249",
"score": "1.0555408",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2013",
"text": "they came into force were the children of Lady Davina Lewis, her son Tāne (born 2012) and her daughter Senna (born 2010), who were reversed in the order of succession, becoming 29th and 28th in line respectively. When the Act came into force, the Duchess of Cambridge was expecting Princess Charlotte, upon whom the Act had no immediate practical effect; from her birth on 2 May 2015 she was fourth in line to the Throne, after Prince George of Cambridge and ahead of Prince Harry, just as she would have been had the Act not been passed. However, due to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16966253",
"score": "1.0553358",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Throne Act, 2013",
"text": "bill seeking to change British royal succession from agnatic to absolute, Prime Minister Stephen Harper was criticised for his ambivalence toward amendment of the line of succession in Canada, being contrasted with Prime Minister of New Zealand John Key and Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Nick Clegg. Harper stated: \"The successor to the throne is a man. The next successor to the throne is a man... I don't think Canadians want to open a debate on the monarchy or constitutional matters at this time. That's our position. I just don't see that as a priority for Canadians right",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17076463",
"score": "1.0540555",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Douai Abbey",
"text": "ancestors in the Jacobite line since the 18th century. Prince Joseph Wenzel of Liechtenstein, styled His Serene Highness, is currently third in line in the Jacobite line of succession to the thrones of England, Scotland, Ireland and France. He is the first Jacobite heir born (1995) in the British Isles since 1688. In July 2014 a monk was ordained priest, the first priestly ordination since 2007. As of 2015, the community consisted of 25 monks. The monks are spread over a number of works, with seven parishes in England and two monks in Rome including the current abbot of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7955926",
"score": "1.0487771",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2015",
"text": "realistic chance of succeeding to the Crown. For example, the male-line descendants of Ernest Augustus, King of Hanover, the fifth son of King George III, lost their crown in 1866 and their British titles in 1919, but are male-line descendants of George II. As such, they continued to be required to seek permission for their marriages from the British monarch, so that their marriages would be legal in the United Kingdom, where the family had a large amount of property. Since the Succession to the Crown Act came into force, only the first six persons in line to the throne",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18722373",
"score": "1.0438142",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Louise Lehzen",
"text": "this time the famous scene took place, in which Lehzen slipped a copy of the genealogy of the House of Hanover into one of the princess's lesson books. After perusing it for some time, Victoria came to see that her father had been next in line after the king, and that Queen Adelaide had no surviving children. This was the first time Victoria came to realise the destiny that had been assumed by many since her birth; that she would be the next British monarch. After a pause, Victoria is reported to have said \"I will be good.\" This story",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4227237",
"score": "1.0426478",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Lady Rose Gilman",
"text": "in 2015, the siblings were affected by the change in law, which reversed Lyla's place in the order of succession with that of her younger brother. Lyla and Rufus became 31st and 32nd in line (now 34th and 35th), respectively. The same happened to their first cousins, Senna and Tāne Lewis, who became 28th and 29th in line (now 31st and 32nd). Lady Rose Gilman Lady Rose Victoria Birgitte Louise Gilman (née Windsor; born 1 March 1980) is the younger daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester, and is 33rd in the line of succession to the British Throne",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20564509",
"score": "1.0413357",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Monarchy of Canada",
"text": "support royal residences outside of Canada. As in the other Commonwealth realms, the current heir apparent to the throne is Prince Charles, with the next four in the line of succession being the Prince's eldest son, Prince William, followed by William's three children Prince George, Princess Charlotte, and Prince Louis. Upon a demise of the Crown (the death or abdication of a sovereign), the late sovereign's heir immediately and automatically succeeds, without any need for confirmation or further ceremony; hence arises the phrase \"The King is dead. Long live the King\". It is customary for the accession of the new",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "669377",
"score": "1.0404179",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Succession to the Crown Act 2013",
"text": "apparent, Prince Charles. Her place in the line of succession is not affected by the provisions of the Act relating to male preference, in that she remains head of the line following those headed by her younger brothers, whose lines continue to precede hers under male preference. In December 2011 the Statement of Friday 28 October 2011 issued at Perth was published in a House of Commons committee report. It stated that the prime ministers of the sixteen Commonwealth nations \"of whom Her Majesty the Queen is Head of State\" had \"agreed in principle to work together towards a common",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16966250",
"score": "1.0394561",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Monarchy of Tuvalu",
"text": "Rights 1689, and the Succession to the Crown Act 2013. This legislation lays out the rules that the monarch cannot be a Roman Catholic and must be in communion with the Church of England upon ascending the throne. The heir apparent is Elizabeth II's eldest son, Charles, who has no official title outside of the UK, but is accorded his UK title, \"Prince of Wales\", as a courtesy title. All laws in Tuvalu are enacted with the sovereign's, or the viceroy's granting of Royal Assent; it and proclamation are required for all acts of parliament, usually granted or withheld by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11768117",
"score": "1.0364501",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Succession to the British throne",
"text": "Succession to the British throne Succession to the British throne is determined by descent, sex (for people born before October 2011), legitimacy, and religion. Under common law, the Crown is inherited by a sovereign's children or by a childless sovereign's nearest collateral line. The Bill of Rights 1689 and the Act of Settlement 1701 restrict succession to the throne to the legitimate Protestant descendants of Sophia of Hanover that are in \"communion with the Church of England\". Spouses of Roman Catholics were disqualified from 1689 until the law was amended in 2015. Protestant descendants of those excluded for being Roman",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3544753",
"score": "1.0330158",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "Succession to the British throne",
"long_answer": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Queen Elizabeth II is the sovereign, and her heir apparent is her eldest son, Charles, Prince of Wales. Next in line after him is Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, the Prince of Wales's elder son. Third in line is Prince George, the son of the Duke of Cambridge, followed by his sister, Princess Charlotte. Fifth in line is Prince Henry of Wales, the younger son of the Prince of Wales. Sixth in line is Prince Andrew, Duke of York, the Queen's second-eldest son. Any of the first six in line marrying without the sovereign's consent would be disqualified from succession.",
"short_answers": [
"Charles, Prince of Wales"
]
}
|
when does rick and morty play on tv
|
[
"late-night"
] |
[
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 2)",
"text": "Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"A Rickle in Time\", and concluded on October 4 with \"The Wedding Squanchers\". This season aired a total of ten episodes. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Jay Johnson, Tom Kenny, Jill Talley, Paul F. Tompkins, Scott Chernoff, Ryan Elder, Will",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18270799",
"score": "1.0520447",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "than expected to complete because of his perfectionism. As a result, the third season of \"Rick and Morty\" consisted of only ten episodes instead of fourteen, as was initially intended. The third season of \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired Sundays at 11:30 p.m EST. on Adult Swim, the adult-oriented nighttime programming block of Cartoon Network. The network offered free livestreams for the first two episodes of the season, with the remaining episodes requiring a cable subscription to watch the show live as it aired. Following the conclusion of the show's third season, Adult Swim made a livestream marathon of \"Rick",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256306",
"score": "1.0431932",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 1)",
"text": "Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered on December 2, 2013 with \"Pilot\" and ended on April 14, 2014 with \"Ricksy Business\", with a total of eleven episodes. The first season received critical acclaim. The actors and actresses listed below lend their voices to the corresponding animated characters. Other cast members of the season, who each have voiced one or more characters, include: Eric Bauza, Dan Harmon, Phil Hendrie, Brandon Johnson, Ryan Ridley,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18270796",
"score": "1.0398803",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"text": "vary from one reality to another. The show's original Rick identifies himself as \"Rick Sanchez of Earth Dimension C-137\", in reference to his original universe, but this does not necessarily apply to every other member of the Smith household. For instance, in the first-season episode \"Rick Potion #9\", after turning the entire world population into monsters, Rick and Morty move to a different dimension, leaving Summer, Beth and Jerry behind. Following the conclusion of the third season, co-creators Harmon and Roiland wanted to have assurance that there would be many more seasons of \"Rick and Morty\" in the future, so",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17689786",
"score": "1.0396311",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality",
"text": "Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality Rick and Morty: Virtual Rick-ality is a virtual reality game compatible with HTC Vive, Playstation VR and Oculus Rift developed by Owlchemy Labs and published by Adult Swim Games for Microsoft Windows on April 20, 2017. It is based on the American animated series \"Rick and Morty\", whose series co-creator Justin Roiland aided in the development. A port for the PlayStation 4 has been released on April 10, 2018. Using HTC Vive, Playstation VR or Oculus Rift, the player controls V.R. Morty, the clone of Morty Smith, the grandson of mad scientist Rick Sanchez. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19625151",
"score": "1.0368316",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "viewing as compared to \"Live+Same Day\" ratings. Considering that episodes of the third season originally aired at 11:30 p.m. on Sundays, it is very likely that people would have watched them on-demand the next day or several days later. Christina Miller, the president of Adult Swim, told \"Fortune\" that \"Rick and Morty\" \"goes beyond just appealing to millennials,\" as numbers suggest that people of all ages are watching the show. The second episode of the season, which aired nearly four months after the unannounced premiere, was the season's most-watched episode with 2.86 million viewers, and the second-best on cable for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256314",
"score": "1.0324833",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "Rick and Morty (season 3) The third season of \"Rick and Morty\", an American animated television series created by Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim. It premiered with \"The Rickshank Rickdemption\", which aired unannounced on April 1, 2017, as part of Adult Swim's annual April Fools' prank. As a result of production delays, the remaining episodes began airing weekly nearly four months later, on July 30, 2017. The season comprised ten episodes, and its initial airing concluded on October 1, 2017. The premiere picks up where the second-season finale left",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256296",
"score": "1.0269803",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 2)",
"text": "Dan Guterman and Alex Rubens served as writers. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim. All episodes are rated TV-14, with the exception of \"Interdimensional Cable 2: Tempting Fate\", which was rated TV-MA. The second season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on June 7, 2016. Rick and Morty (season 2) The second season of the animated television series \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired on Cartoon Network's late night programming block Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015 with \"A Rickle in Time\", and concluded on October",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18270801",
"score": "1.0173949",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "work weekends in order to cope with the demanding workload. In September 2016, the writing team had finished writing new episodes and they were waiting on their return from Bardel Entertainment, \"Rick and Morty\"s Canadian animation studio, for in-house screenings. After the animatics (video recorded versions of a hand-drawn storyboard with very limited motion) for each episode were made, and the production team was able to pre-visualize the animation, additional passes on the scripts would follow. In an interview with \"The Detroit Cast\", writer Ryan Ridley revealed that the writing process for the third season was completed in November 2016,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256304",
"score": "1.0158452",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"text": "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)",
"text": "reaction that compels animals to breed\". When Rick and Morty irreversibly mutate all humans on Earth except for their family members, they abandon their original dimension, Dimension C-137 (and their family in that dimension), for a new one. Rick locates a universe in which the alternate version of himself has undone the damage inflicted by the love potion, but where the new dimension's Rick and Morty have been killed, allowing the C-137 Rick and Morty to take their place. Despite Morty's trauma concerning this knowledge, Rick is nonchalant about moving to the new dimension. In the episode \"Close Rick-counters of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19761542",
"score": "1.0152504",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 1)",
"text": "McMahan was also given writing credit. All episodes in the first season originally aired in the United States on Adult Swim, and are rated TV-14. However, the uncensored version of the episodes released on DVD and Blu-ray are rated TV-MA. The first season was released on DVD (Region 1) and Blu-ray on October 7, 2014. Before its release, Roiland had confirmed that it would contain uncensored audio tracks. Rick and Morty (season 1) The first season of the American animated television series, \"Rick and Morty\" originally aired in the United States on Cartoon Network's late night programming block, Adult Swim.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18270798",
"score": "1.0125017",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Rixty Minutes",
"text": "shows (especially improvised ones), the output is hit or miss.\" Rixty Minutes \"Rixty Minutes\" is the eighth episode of the first season of \"Rick and Morty\". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20092329",
"score": "1.008451",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"text": "and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on June 7, 2016. Special features include behind the scenes, commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted animatic sketches and a \"Plumbus Owner's Manual\" booklet. The 10-episode third season, was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on May 15, 2018. Special features include exclusive commentary and animatics for every episode, \"inside the episode\", the origins of \"Rick and Morty\", and an exclusive \"inside the recording booth\" session. Uncensored versions of the show are also available to purchase on various digital platforms, including iTunes and Amazon, with the digital releases of each",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17689806",
"score": "1.0061018",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Rixty Minutes",
"text": "Morty attempts to console her. After she attempts to push him away, Morty shows Summer the graves that he dug in their backyard (from the episode \"Rick Potion No. 9\"). He reveals the truth that the Morty from her reality is dead, and that he is not, in fact, her brother, but a brother from another reality. He then concludes by saying \"Nobody exists on purpose, nobody belongs anywhere, everybody is going to die... Come watch TV?\" Summer agrees to stay, and the two of them go back downstairs to watch TV with Rick and Jerry. The television in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20092325",
"score": "1.0053905",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Pilot (Rick and Morty)",
"text": "Pilot (Rick and Morty) \"Pilot\" is the first episode of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\". Written by series creators Dan Harmon and Justin Roiland, and directed by Roiland, the episode premiered on Adult Swim on December 2, 2013. The series introduces protagonists, alcoholic scientist Rick Sanchez and his innocent teenage grandson Morty Smith, as they embark on a dangerous interdimensional adventure to fetch Mega tree seeds. The pilot had a mixed to positive reception and was seen by about 1.1 million viewers when airing. Rick establishes himself as a bad influence on his grandson Morty when it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19273484",
"score": "1.0033875",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"text": "there to react to Rick’s deranged schemes.\" The character is transformed by the truths he discovers during his interdimensional adventures with his grandfather. However, instead of sinking into depression, Morty accepts these truths that empower him to value his own life. The 11-episode first season was released on DVD (2-disc set) and Blu-ray (single BD-50 disc) on October 7, 2014. Special features include commentary and animatics for every episode, deleted scenes, behind the scenes featurette and commentaries by special guests Matt Groening, Robert Kirkman, Pendleton Ward, Al Jean and others. The 10-episode second season was released on DVD (2-disc set)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17689805",
"score": "0.9960735",
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},
{
"title": "Rick Sanchez (Rick and Morty)",
"text": "Beth Smith, and the grandfather of Morty and Summer Smith. He is said to have been away from the family for several years prior to the events of the show. He frequently travels on adventures through space and other planets and dimensions with his grandson Morty. In the third season of the show, it is revealed that he is 70 years old. Rick is portrayed as a mad scientist; utilizing his mathematical and scientific prowess in conjunction with apathy and egotistical cynicism, he emerges safely from any situation, regardless of the consequences of his self-preservation. Rick also, in some episodes,",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "19761539",
"score": "0.99561393",
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},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "off, as the show continues to follow the adventures of the members of the Smith household. When Jerry asks Beth to choose between him and Rick, the strength of their marriage is tested. Jerry is confronted with the loss of his family, while Beth begins to discover her independence again. Morty and Summer deal with their parents' separation by seeking more control over their lives. Rick's nihilistic way of life continues to prevent him from bonding with his family, as he remains unable to change his self-destructive behavior. The third season of \"Rick and Morty\" delivered the highest ratings in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256297",
"score": "0.99301326",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "and \"a necessary corrective to an arc that was in danger of going off the rails completely\". \"Rick and Morty\" completed its third season with overall viewership numbers increased by 81% over the previous season, and delivered the highest ratings in Adult Swim's history. \"Rick and Morty\" was the most popular television comedy within the 18–24 and 18–34 age ranges in the United States, based on \"Live+7\" ratings data spanning from December 2016 to September 2017. This rating system tracks live viewership plus streaming and on-demand viewing over an initial week-long period, and provides a more accurate picture of delayed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256313",
"score": "0.98939335",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Rixty Minutes",
"text": "Rixty Minutes \"Rixty Minutes\" is the eighth episode of the first season of \"Rick and Morty\". It premiered on Adult Swim on March 17, 2014. The episode was written by Tom Kauffman and Justin Roiland, and directed by Bryan Newton. In the episode, Rick and Morty watch cable from other dimensions, while Jerry, Beth, and Summer watch alternate reality versions of themselves using a pair of interdimensional goggles. The episode was well received and watched by about 1.48 million viewers in the United States. After Rick expresses his disgust for the quality of modern television, he replaces the Smith family's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20092321",
"score": "0.9874346",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Morty Smith",
"text": "1 of the \"Rick and Morty\" comic series follows the Rick and Morty of Dimension C-132 while most issues of subsequent instalments follow the Rick and Morty of \"C-137\"; the video game \"Pocket Mortys\" follows the Rick and Morty of C-123. Morty is 14 years old and is a student at Harry Herpson High School along with his older sister Summer. Morty seems to be suffering from anxiety and is easily stressed, largely as a result of traumatic experiences during his adventures with Rick. He is often dismissed as idiotic by Rick and others, but is shown to be wiser",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17808208",
"score": "0.98300403",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "and Morty\" available to watch on its official website in select regions, hoping to dissuade viewers from watching other illegal livestreams. The episodes were made available to watch on Netflix in a number of countries outside the United States, one week after their original airdate. The season was added to Hulu on June 23, 2018, with the expansion following a similar timeline with that of the two previous seasons for the streaming service. Uncensored versions of the season are also available to purchase on various digital distribution platforms, including iTunes, Amazon and Microsoft Store. The digital release includes commentaries on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256307",
"score": "0.9821471",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Pilot (Rick and Morty)",
"text": "is discovered that Morty has missed a semester of school in the time he's spent on adventures with Rick. Rick takes Morty to another dimension, known as Dimension 35-C, which has the perfect conditions for growing \"Mega Trees\", which Rick requires for his research. In order to get past intergalactic customs, Morty hides the Mega Tree seeds in his rectum, but when their cover is blown, Rick and Morty escape while engaging in a shootout with bureaucratic alien insects. Ultimately, the seeds are used to briefly make Morty highly intelligent, causing his parents to believe he is fine with his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19273485",
"score": "0.97545576",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "A Rickle in Time",
"text": "A Rickle in Time \"A Rickle in Time\" is the first episode in the second season of the American animated television sitcom \"Rick and Morty\", and the twelfth overall episode of the series. Written by Matt Roller and directed by Wes Archer, the episode first aired on Adult Swim in the United States on July 26, 2015. The title of the episode could be a reference to the novel, \"A Wrinkle in Time\". In the episode, Rick, Morty, and his sister Summer—having restarted time after freezing it in the season one finale \"Ricksy Business\"—are in a quantum-uncertain state of existence.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19283980",
"score": "0.9745048",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Morty Smith",
"text": "Morty Smith Morty Smith is one of the title characters from the Adult Swim animated television series \"Rick and Morty\". Created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon, Morty is an anxious teen based on Marty McFly from \"Back to the Future\". Known for his awkward, anxious, second-guessing, and doubtful personality, the character has been well-received. He is a young, good-natured, and impressionable boy who can be somewhat easily manipulated. He is formally referred to as Morty Smith C-137 by the Trans-Dimensional Council of Ricks, in reference to his original universe, \"C-137\". Both Morty and Rick are voiced by Roiland. Volume",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17808207",
"score": "0.97152436",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "see \"Rick and Morty\" join the exclusive club of shows with over nineteen episodes\", and Justin Roiland added \"I am blown away by the seemingly instant success of \"Rick and Morty\". I look forward to continuing their adventures!\" In an October 2015 interview with \"The Hollywood Reporter\", Roiland revealed that the team had received a lot of scripts from female writers for the upcoming season, which had never happened before. He stated that \"We've gone from having zero spec scripts [in the running from female] candidates, to having five or six of them, so it's looking very likely that season",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256300",
"score": "0.96956694",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "and Morty\" third year ended on a total reset,\" with Beth and the kids reuniting with Jerry in the season-finale, as they seek comfort through escapism and ignore the realities of their lives. Once again, Rick becomes the outsider figure in the Smith household, with Beth noting that from this point \"things will be like season one\" again. Zack Handlen of \"The A.V. Club\", however, appeared skeptical about the character's statement, noting that \"the problem with going as far as season three went is that bridges stay burned\". Handlen considered Jerry's return to be an anticlimax from a character standpoint",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256312",
"score": "0.966876",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty (season 3)",
"text": "\"tend to suck all the oxygen out of the virtual room.\" Series co-creator Justin Roiland said on his Twitter account that he sees more good than bad in the series' fanbase, and chooses to focus on that. \"Rick and Morty\" received a total of eight nominations for its third season in 2017 and 2018, of which it won an IGN Award and a Critics' Choice Television Award, both in the categories for \"Best Animated Series\". Furthermore, the episode \"Pickle Rick\" received three nominations, of which it won an Emmy Award for \"Outstanding Animated Program\" and an Annie Award for \"Best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19256321",
"score": "0.96444136",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"text": "that they would be able to focus on the show and minimize their involvement in other projects. After prolonged contract negotiations, Adult Swim announced a long-term deal with the creators in May 2018, ordering 70 new episodes over an unspecified number of seasons. Talking about the upcoming fourth season a few months earlier, Harmon had said that he wishes for it to consist of more than ten episodes, and writer Ryan Ridley had said that he does not expect it to air any sooner than late 2019. \"Rick and Morty\" was created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon. The duo",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17689787",
"score": "0.9639799",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Rick and Morty",
"long_answer": "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of April 2018, its future remains uncertain.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Rick and Morty is an American adult animated science fiction comedy series created by Justin Roiland and Dan Harmon for Cartoon Network's late-night programming block Adult Swim. The series follows the misadventures of cynical mad scientist Rick Sanchez and his fretful, easily influenced grandson Morty Smith, who split their time between domestic life and interdimensional adventures. The series premiered on December 2, 2013, and the third season concluded on October 1, 2017. A fourth season has been mentioned, first by Harmon in a September 2017 interview, and later in the post-credits scene of the third season's finale. However, as of",
"short_answers": [
"late-night"
]
}
|
how many ammendments to the constitution have there been
|
[
"Twenty-seven",
"Thirty-three"
] |
[
{
"title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)",
"text": "delegates were pleased with the results; thirteen left before the ceremony, and three of those remaining refused to sign: Edmund Randolph of Virginia, George Mason of Virginia, and Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts. George Mason demanded a Bill of Rights if he was to support the Constitution. The Bill of Rights was not included in the Constitution submitted to the states for ratification, but many states ratified the Constitution with the understanding that a bill of rights would soon follow. Shortly before the document was to be signed, Gorham proposed to lower the size of congressional districts from 40,000 to 30,000",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4934018",
"score": "0.9183358",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Somyot Chueathai",
"text": "of the new Constitution in 2007, Somyot stated that he once foretold that the new constitution will be unlikely to solve any problems in the country, but no one pays attention to the words of a public law instructor like him because everyone wants to have a new election taken place without delay. Somyot then declared that he ceased to teach constitutional law from that time onwards. He said: \"The upcoming problems are judicial activism. The 2007 Constitution has bound the judges with political affairs. This will result in serious worries, because the heart of the Constitution should be the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14919291",
"score": "0.9126824",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "History of the United States Constitution",
"text": "for a Second Constitutional Convention, although professors like Dahl believe there is no real hope this would ever happen. French journalist Jean-Philippe Immarigeon wrote in \"Harper's\" that the \"nearly 230-year-old constitution stretched past the limits of its usefulness\", and suggested key problem points were the inability to call an election when government became gridlocked, a several month period between inauguration of a president and when he or she takes office, and inability of the lower house of Congress to influence serious foreign policy decisions such as ending a war when faced with a veto. University of Virginia professor Larry Sabato",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2734051",
"score": "0.90945673",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Constitutional Convention (United States)",
"text": "citizens. A similar measure had been proposed earlier, and failed by one vote. George Washington spoke up here, making his only substantive contribution to the text of the Constitution in supporting this move. The Convention adopted it without further debate. Gorham would sign the document, although he had openly doubted whether the United States would remain a single, unified nation for more than 150 years. Ultimately, 39 of the original 55 delegates ended up signing, but it is likely that none were completely satisfied. Their views were summed up by Benjamin Franklin, who said, \"I confess that There are several",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4934019",
"score": "0.9053405",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Ohio",
"text": "Assembly to put questions on the ballot for the people to ratify laws and constitutional amendments originating in the Legislature. Under the Jeffersonian principle that laws should be reviewed once a generation, the constitution provided for a recurring question to appear on Ohio's general election ballots every 20 years. The question asks whether a new convention is required. Although the question has appeared in 1932, 1952, 1972, and 1992, it has never been approved. Instead, constitutional amendments have been proposed by petition to the legislature hundreds of times and adopted in a majority of cases. Eight US Presidents hailed from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "297693",
"score": "0.90428925",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Second Constitutional Convention of the United States",
"text": "\"total overhaul\" of the constitution could fix the \"years of accumulated damage and dysfunction,\" according to a report in the \"Economist\" in 2013. French journalist Jean-Philippe Immarigeon suggested in \"Harper's magazine\" that the \"nearly 230-year-old constitution stretched past the limits of its usefulness\". A report in \"USA Today\" suggested that 17 of 34 states have petitioned Congress for a convention to deal with the issue of a balanced budget amendment. A report on \"CNN\" suggested that 30 state legislatures are considering resolutions either calling for a constitutional convention or else proposing changes to the Constitution. David O. Stewart suggested that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16148303",
"score": "0.8995384",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "United States Constitution",
"text": "The majority of the seventeen later amendments expand individual civil rights protections. Others address issues related to federal authority or modify government processes and procedures. Amendments to the United States Constitution, unlike ones made to many constitutions worldwide, are appended to the document. All four pages of the original U.S. Constitution are written on parchment. According to the United States Senate: \"The Constitution's first three words—\"We the People\"—affirm that the government of the United States exists to serve its citizens. For over two centuries the Constitution has remained in force because its framers wisely separated and balanced governmental powers to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "427805",
"score": "0.8994745",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Constitutional right",
"text": "the national authorities. Nowadays, most countries have a written constitution comprising similar or distinct constitutional rights. Since 1789, along with the Constitution of the United States of America (hereinafter U.S. Constitution), which is the oldest and shortest written constitution still in force, around 220 other similar constitutions were adopted around the world by independent states. In the late 18th century, Thomas Jefferson predicted that a period of 20 years will be the optimal time for any Constitution to still be in force since \"the earth belongs to the living, and not to the dead.\" Coincidence or not, according to recent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5668927",
"score": "0.8937826",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Constitution of Man",
"text": "natural laws are true, taught, and incorporated into the 'public mind.' Initially, \"The Constitution of Man\" was indifferently received, selling in small numbers over a period of six years or so. Historian James Secord reports, \"In Britain \"Constitution\" was initially a flop. Published in an edition of 1,500 the book sold slowly until 1835, about 100 copies a year and received almost no reviews. In 1832, two revised, expanded, and subsidized ‘Henderson’ editions in the same format…sold quickly\" The Henderson edition was subsidized by William Ramsay Henderson with a donation of five-thousand pounds for the 'advancement of Phrenology.' In 1836,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6545762",
"score": "0.8869642",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "List of amendments to the United States Constitution",
"text": "Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution",
"text": "700. This is widely considered an overestimate. The House of Representatives is in the process of building its own official count which currently stands at over 120 with 35 states having current live calls that have not been rescinded. This is an underestimate as it so far does not include anything before the 1960s and there are many known Convention calls not yet included. Both Wolf PAC and the Convention of the States estimate, based on spot checking, that the real figure is in the range of 400 calls. Even though the Article V Convention process has never been used",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5514674",
"score": "0.88491756",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "History of the United States Constitution",
"text": "were \"revised, corrected and enlarged\" for good government and preservation of the Union. The Senate is elected by the states, at first by the state legislatures. Congress passes acts for revenue collected directly in the states, and the rulings of state courts are reviewed by the Supreme Court. State apportionment for taxes failed, but the 'house' is apportioned by the population count of free inhabitants and three-fifths of others originally. States can be added to the Union. Presidents appoint federal judges. Treaties entered into by Congress are the supreme law of the land. All state judiciaries are bound to enforce",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2733992",
"score": "0.88400936",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "History of the United States Constitution",
"text": "by Congress were allayed by amendments passed under the floor leadership of James Madison during the first session of Congress. These first ten Amendments became known as the Bill of Rights. Objections to a potentially remote federal judiciary were reconciled with 13 federal courts (11 states, plus Maine and Kentucky), and three federal riding circuits out of the Supreme Court: Eastern, Middle and South. Suspicion of a powerful federal executive was answered by Washington's cabinet appointments of once-Anti-Federalists Edmund Jennings Randolph as Attorney General and Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State. What Constitutional historian Pauline Maier termed a national \"dialogue",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2734040",
"score": "0.88223237",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Somyot Chueathai",
"text": "Constitution will cause the return of a new coup and a new coup and a new coup, over and over. The section is like a son that kills his own father, because it is bigger than the Constitution. Now, I'd like to tell you that I won't teach constitutional law anymore, because I cannot accept section 309.\" Somyot has produced many prominent academic works, all of which could be viewed at the Office of the Libraries, Thammasat University. As for his personal life, Somyot is a football player. He has played football since he was a student at the Faculty",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14919293",
"score": "0.88199663",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Wiki-constitutionalism",
"text": "cited for the existence of \"Wiki-constitutionalism\" is the sheer number of constitutions which have existed in Latin America when compared with other regions of the globe. If one looks at fully restructured rewrites (as opposed to amendments), \"the Dominican Republic has had 32 separate constitutions since its independence in 1821. Venezuela follows close behind with 26, Haiti has had 24, Ecuador 20, and Bolivia recently passed its seventeenth\" and \"over half of the 21 Latin American nations have had at least ten constitutions while, in the rest of the world, only Thailand (17), France (16), Greece (13), and Poland (10)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14936922",
"score": "0.88116413",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "History of the United States Constitution",
"text": "to Congress by the Constitution are reserved to the states to be exercised by them.\" New York, not to be outdone, appended a list of thirty-two requested amendments plus a lengthy statement of \"impressions\" and \"explanations\" about the new Constitution to their affirmative vote. The sharp Anti-Federalist critique of the Constitution did not abate after it became operational, and by the time the First Congress convened in March 1789, there existed widespread sentiment in both the House and Senate in favor of making alterations. That September, Congress adopted twelve amendments and sent to the states for ratification. Ten of these",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2734045",
"score": "0.88084143",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "First Amendment to the United States Constitution",
"text": "restrained but by despotic Governments.\" Eight of the other twelve states made similar pledges. However, these declarations were generally considered \"mere admonitions to state legislatures\", rather than enforceable provisions. After several years of comparatively weak government under the Articles of Confederation, a Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia proposed a new constitution on September 17, 1787, featuring among other changes a stronger chief executive. George Mason, a Constitutional Convention delegate and the drafter of Virginia's Declaration of Rights, proposed that the Constitution include a bill of rights listing and guaranteeing civil liberties. Other delegates—including future Bill of Rights drafter James Madison—disagreed, arguing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "428200",
"score": "0.8779857",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Constitutional right",
"text": "long or is incredibly short. Important not to forget or make any confusions about it is that constitutional rights are not a specific characteristic of democratic countries, but also non-democratic countries have Constitutions, such as North Korea for example, which officially grants every citizen, among other rights, the freedom of expression. Other coded set of laws have existed before the first Constitutions were developed having some similar purpose and functions, like the United Kingdom's 1215 Magna Carta or the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. On September 17, 1787 the United States Constitution was signed during the Constitutional Convention (United",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5668930",
"score": "0.87781614",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Constitutional amendment",
"text": "the amendment of some constitutions have proven to be so exacting, that of proposed amendments either few (8 Amendments out of 44 proposed in Australia), or none (as in Japan) have been passed over a period of several decades. In contrast, the constitution of the U.S. state of Alabama has been amended over 800 times since 1901. There are a number of formal differences, from one jurisdiction to another, in the manner in which constitutional amendments are both originally drafted and written down once they become law. In some jurisdictions, such as Ireland, Estonia, and Australia, constitutional amendments originate as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1901785",
"score": "0.8757242",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "History of the United States Constitution",
"text": "vote to persons previously considered ineligible and also to protect their exercise of that right. One Amendment, the Eighteenth, which criminalized the production, transport and sale of alcohol nationwide, was later repealed by another, the Twenty-first. Nine ratified amendments (11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 20, 22, and 25) have explicitly superseded or modified the text of the original Constitution. In the early twentieth century Lochner era, the Supreme Court ruled unconstitutional various state laws that limited labor contracts. The Constitution was criticized as putting the government at the beck and call of big business. More recent criticism has often",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2734048",
"score": "0.8733941",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "United States Bill of Rights",
"text": "are built upon those found in several earlier documents, including the Virginia Declaration of Rights and the English Bill of Rights, along with earlier documents such as Magna Carta (1215). In practice, the amendments had little impact on judgments by the courts for the first 150 years after ratification. On June 8, 1789, Representative James Madison introduced nine amendments to the Constitution in the House of Representatives. Madison proposed inserting specific rights limiting the power of Congress in Article One, Section 9. Seven of these limitations would become part of the ten ratified Bill of Rights amendments. Ultimately, on September",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9592001",
"score": "0.8722308",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution",
"text": "suggestion of a letter from the New York State Convention to ratify the Constitution. The Convention would have been limited to those changes discussed at the various State ratifying Conventions. At least four other amendments (the Seventeenth, Twenty-First, Twenty-Second, and Twenty-Fifth Amendments) have been identified as being proposed by Congress at least partly in response to the threat of an Article V convention, bringing the total to 15 out of 27, a majority of the Amendments. In the late 1890s, the House of Representatives passed multiple resolutions for a constitutional amendment providing for direct election of senators. The Senate refused",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5514676",
"score": "0.8706325",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Oliver P. Morton",
"text": "to be passed. U.S. Senator George Frisbie Hoar once judged Morton as a man with \"little regard for Constitutional scruples.\" Not that Morton would have willfully flouted his oath to uphold the U.S. Constitution, but Hoar added, \"he believed that the Constitution should be interpreted in the light of the Declaration of Independence, so as to be the law of life to a great, powerful, and free people. To this principle of interpretation, all strict or narrow criticism, founded on its literal meaning, must yield.\" If so, Hoar's assessment put Morton in the same category as U.S. Senator Charles Sumner,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3227003",
"score": "0.8699114",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Constitution of Malaysia",
"text": "independence as of 2005. However, as several amendments were made each time, he estimates the true number of individual amendments is around 650. He has stated that \"there is no doubt\" that \"the spirit of the original document has been diluted\". This sentiment has been echoed by other legal scholars, who argue that important parts of the original Constitution, such as \"jus soli\" (right of birth) citizenship, a limitation on the variation of the number of electors in constituencies, and Parliamentary control of emergency powers have been so modified or altered by amendments that \"the present Federal Constitution bears only",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2833111",
"score": "0.86873126",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Presidency of William Howard Taft",
"text": "the first 125 years of the federal government's existence Americans did not directly vote for U.S. Senators. The Constitution, as it was adopted in 1788, stated that senators would be elected by state legislatures. During the 1890s, the House of Representatives passed several resolutions proposing a constitutional amendment for the direct election of senators. Each time, however, the Senate refused to even take a vote. Additionally, a number of states began calling for a constitutional convention on the subject. Article V of the Constitution states that Congress must call a constitutional convention for proposing amendments when two-thirds of the state",
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"isgold": false,
"id": "11228806",
"score": "0.86796093",
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},
{
"title": "United States Bill of Rights",
"text": "have been a federal Constitution without Madison but certainly no Bill of Rights.\" The twelve articles of amendment approved by congress were officially submitted to the Legislatures of the several States for consideration on September 28, 1789. The following states ratified some or all of the amendments: Having been approved by the requisite three-fourths of the several states, there being 14 States in the Union at the time (as Vermont had been admitted into the Union on March 4, 1791), the ratification of Articles Three through Twelve was completed and they became Amendments 1 through 10 of the Constitution. President",
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"id": "9592028",
"score": "0.86749893",
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},
{
"title": "Deakin v Webb",
"text": "v Webb\". Their Lordships held that the relevant question was not the intention of the Australians who framed the Constitution, but rather what the British Parliament had in mind when it passed the \"Constitution Act\". The opinion of the Privy Council states that \"The American Union, on the other hand, has erected a tribunal which possesses jurisdiction to annul a Statute upon the ground that it is unconstitutional\" The basis for this statement is unclear as the United States Constitution contains no express provision to endow the Supreme Court of the United States with special powers and the relevant provisions",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877687",
"score": "0.8665985",
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},
{
"title": "U.S. state",
"text": "nature of the states' powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government and the rights of individuals. The Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50. Alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of whether states have the power to secede (withdraw) from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U.S. Supreme Court, in \"Texas v. White\", held that a",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "12258441",
"score": "0.86412436",
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},
{
"title": "United States Constitution",
"text": "number of states to become part of the Constitution. Four of these are technically still pending, as Congress did not set a time limit (see also \"Coleman v. Miller\") for their ratification. The other two are no longer pending, as both had a time limit attached and in both cases the time period set for their ratification expired. The way the Constitution is understood is influenced by court decisions, especially those of the Supreme Court. These decisions are referred to as precedents. Judicial review is the power of the Court to examine federal legislation, federal executive, and all state branches",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "427890",
"score": "0.86363214",
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},
{
"title": "Constitution of Singapore",
"text": "as mentioned by Chief Justice John Marshall in \"Marbury v. Madison\". Chief Justice Sarv Mittra Sikri, delivering the leading judgment of the Supreme Court, averred that \"[e]very provision of the Constitution can be amended provided in the result the basic foundation and structure of the Constitution remains the same\". He proceeded to lay down the basic structure of the Constitution, stating that it includes the supremacy of the Constitution; the republican and democratic form of government; the secular character of the Constitution; the separation of powers between the legislature, the executive and the judiciary; and the federal character of the",
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] |
{
"title": "List of amendments to the United States Constitution",
"long_answer": "Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is closed and has failed by its own terms, and one is closed and has failed by the terms of the resolution proposing it.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thirty-three amendments to the United States Constitution have been proposed by the United States Congress and sent to the states for ratification since the Constitution was put into operation on March 4, 1789. Twenty-seven of these, having been ratified by the requisite number of states, are part of the Constitution. The first ten amendments were adopted and ratified simultaneously and are known collectively as the Bill of Rights. Six amendments adopted by Congress and sent to the states have not been ratified by the required number of states. Four of these amendments are still technically open and pending, one is",
"short_answers": [
"Thirty-three",
"Twenty-seven"
]
}
|
original cast of natasha pierre and the great comet of 1812
|
[
"Amber Gray",
"Blake DeLong",
"Paul Pinto",
"Shaina Taub",
"Dave Malloy",
"Nick Choksi",
"Brittain Ashford",
"Phillipa Soo",
"Lucas Steele",
"Amelia Workman"
] |
[
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "and really don't care.\" \"Time Out New York\" gave the piece five out of five stars, and also included it on both critics' Best of lists, stating \"this is theater like no other in New York. It grounds you and transports you at once, and leaves you beaming with pleasure.” Okieriete Onaodowan and Ingrid Michaelson assumed the roles of Pierre and Sonya respectively on July 11 through August 13; Onaodowan was originally supposed to begin performances on July 3. On July 26th, 2017, the website Broadway Black broke the news that TV and Broadway actor Mandy Patinkin was set to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567596",
"score": "1.4576594",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "banquette and dining tables added. Scott Stangland took over the role of Pierre, Denée Benton starred as Natasha, Lilli Cooper as Hélène, Nicholas Belton as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky and the rest of the cast reprised their roles. The Broadway production at the Imperial Theatre began previews on October 18, 2016 and opened on November 14, 2016, starring Josh Groban as Pierre and Denée Benton as Natasha, both making their Broadway debuts, with choreography by Sam Pinkleton, sets by Mimi Lien, costumes by Paloma Young, lights by Bradley King, sound by Nicholas Pope and music direction by Or Matias. With sets similar",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "17567592",
"score": "1.4310195",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "released a two-disc original cast album of the entire score. Later, another disc containing highlights from the show was released. The original Broadway cast recording was released on May 19, 2017. On November 22, 2016 the book \"Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812: The Journey of a New Musical to Broadway\" was released. The book, edited and compiled by Steven Suskin, includes interviews with many of the original cast members, as well as the annotated script and photos of both the Kazino and Broadway casts. The book also includes a CD with five songs from the show: three",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567598",
"score": "1.4169149",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Denée Benton",
"text": "in the titular role of Natasha in \"Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812\" with the American Repertory Theatre; she made her Broadway debut when that show opened at the Imperial Theatre on November 14, 2016. She appeared on \"The Late Show with Stephen Colbert\" on December 12, 2016 to discuss the role. On television she is best known for her featured role on the second season of the Lifetime series, \"UnREAL\". On October 17, 2018, it was announced that Benton would assume the role of Eliza Hamilton in the Broadway production of \"Hamilton\", beginning performances on October 30.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19629272",
"score": "1.4125134",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway. In May 16, 2013, the show opened in the Meatpacking District at Kazino, a temporary structure designed as an opulent Russian club, where the immersive production was staged, again by the same creative team. The cast reprised their roles, except Choksi, now replaced by Ian Lassiter, and Workman, replaced by Grace McLean. David Abeles took over the role of Pierre on July 9, 2013. The show closed on September 1, 2013. The show opened for a 14-week limited engagement in September",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567590",
"score": "1.3991245",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Lauren Zakrin",
"text": "in the Las Vegas production of the 2012 Beach Boys musical \"Surf\" at Planet Hollywood, directed by Kristin Hanggi. After appearing Off-Broadway in \"Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812\", understudying the roles of Natasha and Sonya, she made her Broadway debut in 2014 in \"Rock of Ages\" as a replacement in the leading role of Sherrie Christian. In the fall of 2016, she joined the original Broadway cast of \"Natasha, Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812\", understudying Natasha. She then went on to originate the role of Kathryn Merteuil in “Cruel Intentions: The 90s musical experience” Off-Broadway.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15172482",
"score": "1.3862865",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "Korea are currently under discussion, with additional interest in China and the Philippines. The Brazilian production opened in August 2018, with Bruna Guerin as Natasha and André Frateschi as Pierre, and closed on November of the same year. Although the Brazilian production was on for only 4 months it won the Prêmio Reverência popular vote Award for \"Best Musical\", winning over \"The Phantom Of The Opera\", \"Peter Pan\", and other big productions. In lieu of a national tour, producers are looking to stage various small sit-down productions in cities across the United States starting in 2019. The piece was very",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567594",
"score": "1.3628541",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "show's orchestra. Groban plays the accordion briefly, and plays large sections of the score on the orchestra's piano. The libretto contains many passages taken word-for-word from Aylmer and Louise Maude's 1922 translation of Tolstoy's novel. Act I Act II \"Note:\" An aria for Natasha, \"Natasha Lost\", was cut from the Broadway production but is included on the original cast recording between number 8 (\"Natasha & Anatole\") and number 9 (\"The Duel\"). In addition, \"Dust and Ashes\" was added for the Broadway production. The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova. Directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567588",
"score": "1.3528364",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "Pierre visits Natasha (\"Pierre & Natasha\") and he comforts the distraught girl, giving her hope. After their meeting, Pierre experiences a moment of enlightenment himself while seeing The Great Comet of 1812 in the night sky (“The Great Comet of 1812”). Malloy's original score (orchestrated by the composer) merges Russian folk and classical music with indie rock and EDM influences. The piece is described by the composer as an \"electropop opera\" and is through-composed, with just one line of spoken dialogue, in Pierre and Natasha's only scene together. On stage, nearly all of the actors play musical instruments augmenting the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567587",
"score": "1.3492626",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Denée Benton",
"text": "Denée Benton Denée Benton (born December 31, 1992) is an American actor and singer. Benton is best known for her Tony-nominated performance as Natasha Rostova in the 2016 musical \"Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812\" on Broadway. Benton assumed the role of Eliza Hamilton in the Broadway production of \"Hamilton\", beginning performances on October 30, 2018. Benton attended Trinity Preparatory School in Winter Park, Florida, before graduating from Carnegie Mellon University in 2014. Her first break was being cast as Nabulungi in the West End and U.S. national tour of \"The Book of Mormon\". Later she was cast",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19629273",
"score": "1.3316844",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "replace Okieriete Onaodowan as Pierre for three weeks. A number of fans and actors were angered by this casting decision, as Patinkin was a white actor whose casting would have forced Onaodowan, a black actor to cut his run shorter; a Twitter campaign was begun by actor/activist Rafael Casal, a friend of Onaodowan who coined the hashtag #makeroomforoak. The controversy led to Patinkin withdrawing from the show two days later. The show closed a little over a month later, with this controversy being cited as a main reason. Sources: TheaterMania Internet Off-Broadway Database\"Village Voice\" On December 10, 2013 Ghostlight Records",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567597",
"score": "1.3142049",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "well received by the New York press. Charles Isherwood in \"The New York Times\" called it \"a vibrant, transporting new musical,\" and both \"Times\" theater critics included the show on their Best of the Year lists. The Times' classical critic, Anthony Tommasini, called it \"a breathless, roughish and ravishing quasi-opera. This is a pastiche score of a cavalier sort. Mr. Malloy lifts styles with such abandon, making willful shifts – from punk riffs to agitated Broadway ballads, mock-pompous recitative to gritty Russian folk songs or drinking choruses with klezmer clarinets – that you lose track of what is being appropriated",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567595",
"score": "1.3082538",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Ars Nova (theater)",
"text": "Kail (Director of In The Heights and Hamilton), Alex Timbers (two-time tony nominated writer and director, recently directed \"Rocky\", and \"Peter and the Starcatcher\"), Billy Eichner (creator of Funny or Die's \"Billy on the Street\"), Bridget Everett (comedian and cabaret performer), and Isaac Oliver (performer in \"Showgasm\"), among others. \"Natasha, Pierre & the Great Comet of 1812\", produced by Ars Nova in 2012, officially transferred to Broadway in 2016 with Josh Groban playing the role of Pierre. Ars Nova was founded by Jon and Jenny Steingart in 2002 in memory of Gabe Wiener to provide a welcome home for young",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16794293",
"score": "1.3024313",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Okieriete Onaodowan",
"text": "cast album of \"Hamilton\". Beginning July 11, 2017, he took on the role of Pierre in the musical \"Natasha, Pierre, and the Great Comet of 1812\", replacing the outgoing Josh Groban. Onaodowan was originally supposed to take over the role on July 3. He is now playing the role of firefighter Dean Miller in the \"Grey's Anatomy\" spin-off \"Station 19\". Onaodowan was included in the Forbes 30 Under 30 Hollywood & Entertainment list in 2016 for his acting in \"Hamilton\". Okieriete Onaodowan Okieriete \"Oak\" Onaodowan (, born August 16, 1987) is an American actor, known for originating the roles of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18960352",
"score": "1.2983565",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Natasha Rostova",
"text": "Pierre and the Great Comet of 1812,\" which received numerous Tony nominations in 2017. In 2016 BBC One's six-part drama based on the novel cast the 25-year-old English actress Lily James as Natasha Rostova, best known for her roles in \"Downton Abbey\" and Disney's live action \"Cinderella\". The \"Encyclopedia of Literature\" remarks that Natasha \"is undoubtedly Tolstoy's ideal woman,\" while the \"Academic American Encyclopedia\" describes her as \"the embodiment of impulsiveness and spontaneity...\". On the other hand, the transformation of her character towards the end of the novel from a joyous, spirited 'waif-like' beauty into a plump, rather slatternly woman,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4947588",
"score": "1.2816088",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Dave Malloy",
"text": "Citation Obie Award, and had runs at New York Theatre Workshop and American Repertory Theatre. His next work was \"Beardo,\" a Russian indie rock musical based on the life of Rasputin, which Malloy wrote with \"Beowulf\" collaborator Jason Craig. It played in 2011 in San Francisco and had its New York premiere in February 2017 in a production by Pipeline Theater Company. For \"Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812\", Malloy was the composer, lyricist, orchestrator, music director and performer in the role of Pierre Bezukhov. \"Comet\" was commissioned by Ars Nova and premiered there in October 2012, directed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17955892",
"score": "1.2494894",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Rachel Chavkin",
"text": "Rachel Chavkin Rachel Chavkin is an American stage director, best known for directing the musical \"Natasha, Pierre, & The Great Comet of 1812,\" for which she was nominated for a Tony Award. Chavkin has a BFA from New York University's Tisch School of the Arts and an MFA from Columbia University School of the Arts (2008). She has directed and created many works for The TEAM, including award-winning and internationally touring plays, such as \"Roosevelvis\", \"Mission Drift\" and \"Architecting\". She directed \"Three Pianos\" which ran Off-Off-Broadway at the Ontological-Hysteric Theater in March 2010 and then at the New York Theatre",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18140606",
"score": "1.2348506",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Lucas Steele",
"text": "Great Comet of 1812\", a sung-through musical based on a portion of Leo Tolstoy's magnum opus, \"War and Peace\". He further developed the role in the show's premiere, and stayed with the production through its venues at Kazino, both downtown in the Meatpacking District and its transfer to midtown on 45th street. In 2015, Steele reprised the role of Anatole for the American Repertory Theatre production of \"The Great Comet\", securing an IRNE Awards nomination for Supporting Actor and an Elliot Norton Awards nomination for Outstanding Musical Performance by an Actor. He continued with \"The Great Comet\" during its Broadway",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19521036",
"score": "1.2342091",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "Sonya (\"The Opera\"). There she meets Prince Anatole Kuragin, a young and handsome man, who turns out to be a notorious rogue. He comes to visit Natasha's box and leaves her with feelings she has never experienced before (\"Natasha & Anatole\"). Anatole comes home after the opera and he, his friend Dolokhov, and Pierre go out drinking; they are met by Pierre's unpleasant wife, Hélène (Anatole's sister), who taunts Pierre and flirts with Dolokhov. Anatole plots with Dolokhov and Hélène to have the young woman he just met, although he is already married. Dolokhov taunts Pierre, toasting to the wives",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567581",
"score": "1.215897",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Gelsey Bell",
"text": "York exhibition. as Gelsey Bell With Joseph White With John King With thingNY Gelsey Bell Gelsey Bell is an American singer, songwriter, and actress, best known for her experimental music and her portrayal of Princess Mary Bolkonskaya in the 2016 Broadway musical \"Natasha, Pierre, & the Great Comet of 1812.\" Bell was raised in northern California. Her father is a philosopher and her mother is a musician. Bell's sister, Biba Bell, is a choreographer and dancer, and the sisters created a collaborative performance for the first time in 2016. Bell attended Lehigh University and received a BA with a double-major",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20284744",
"score": "1.2155721",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "to the A.R.T. remounting, the production took the proscenium stage, but removed almost 200 seats from the audience to accommodate the design. Again, the options of stage seats, in banquettes or dining tables is available. The Broadway production cost about $14 million to stage. The Broadway production played its final performance on September 3, 2017, having played 32 previews and 336 performances. A Japanese production, helmed by the entertainment company Toho, will open at the Tokyo Metropolitan Theatre in January 2019 with Nogizaka46's Erika Ikuta as Natasha and Yoshio Inoue as Pierre. Variety also reports that productions in London and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567593",
"score": "1.2130549",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Amber Gray",
"text": "Comet of 1812\", an electro-pop opera based on \"War and Peace\". Gray portrayed Countess Hélène Bezukhova in the musical's performances at the Off-Broadway Ars Nova Theater. Gray continued with \"Great Comet\" when it moved to Kazino in 2013, and when it opened on Broadway in late 2016. Gray was awarded a 2017 Theatre World Award for her performance as Hélène. In 2014, Gray reprised her leading role as Zoe in \"An Octoroon\" at Soho Repertory Theatre (she had previously performed as Zoe in 2010). \"An Octoroon\" utilized the plot of \"The Octoroon\", an 1859 melodrama, but turned it into a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19840174",
"score": "1.2088432",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Mandy Patinkin",
"text": "of us.\" Patinkin was announced as playing the role of Pierre in the hit Broadway musical \"Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812\" starting August 15, 2017. He would have a limited run through September 3, replacing former \"Hamilton\" star Okieriete Onaodowan. The role was originated by Josh Groban. Patinkin later dropped out of the role. In 2018, Patinkin returned to recorded music with the album \"Diary: January 27, 2018\" which was produced by pianist Thomas Bartlett. On June 15, 1980, Patinkin married actress and writer Kathryn Grody. They have two sons named Isaac and Gideon. Gideon joined his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "272701",
"score": "1.1869383",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Gelsey Bell",
"text": "Gelsey Bell Gelsey Bell is an American singer, songwriter, and actress, best known for her experimental music and her portrayal of Princess Mary Bolkonskaya in the 2016 Broadway musical \"Natasha, Pierre, & the Great Comet of 1812.\" Bell was raised in northern California. Her father is a philosopher and her mother is a musician. Bell's sister, Biba Bell, is a choreographer and dancer, and the sisters created a collaborative performance for the first time in 2016. Bell attended Lehigh University and received a BA with a double-major in music and theatre and a minor in philosophy in 2004. She went",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20284736",
"score": "1.1817477",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "up the character Pierre, an old, bitter, wealthy aristocrat, who is having an existential crisis, living a slothful life of wine, philosophy, and inaction (\"Pierre\"). He is best friends with Prince Andrey Bolkonsky (also sometimes spelt as Andrei), who has left to go to war. Andrey has recently become engaged to the young, beautiful countess Natasha Rostova. Natasha and her cousin Sonya arrive in Moscow to stay the winter with Natasha's godmother, Marya D., while Natasha waits for Andrey to return from the war. Marya D. is an old friend of Pierre's (\"Moscow\"). Marya D. advises Natasha that she must",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567579",
"score": "1.1739391",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "success. Balaga, their trusted troika driver (\"Balaga\"), soon arrives to take them to Natasha's house and a wild party ensues as Anatole bids farewell to his friends. However, they are thwarted at the last moment by Marya D. (\"The Abduction\"). Marya D. scolds Natasha but then tries to comfort her with Sonya's help. Natasha screams at them, breaks down and waits for Anatole to come back for her all night (\"In My House\"). Marya D. calls on Pierre in the middle of the night (\"A Call to Pierre\"), begging him to handle the crisis, and Pierre finally learns that the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567585",
"score": "1.1720053",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "War and Peace",
"text": "a suicide attempt and is left seriously ill. Pierre is initially horrified by Natasha's behavior, but realizes he has fallen in love with her. As the Great Comet of 1811–12 streaks the sky, life appears to begin anew for Pierre. Prince Andrei coldly accepts Natasha's breaking of the engagement. He tells Pierre that his pride will not allow him to renew his proposal. With the help of her family, and the stirrings of religious faith, Natasha manages to persevere in Moscow through this dark period. Meanwhile, the whole of Russia is affected by the coming confrontation between Napoleon's army and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1364359",
"score": "1.1456264",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"text": "object of Anatole's conquest is Natasha. Marya D. finds out that Anatole is married and tells a grief-stricken Natasha. Pierre, outraged, searches for Anatole (\"Find Anatole\"). When Pierre finds Anatole, he comes close to attacking him in rage, but instead gives him money and orders him to leave Moscow (”Pierre & Anatole”). Natasha poisons herself with arsenic (\"Natasha Very Ill\") but lives. The next day Andrey returns. Pierre explains the scandal to him and asks him to be compassionate, but Andrey is unable to forgive Natasha and will not ask for her hand in marriage again (\"Pierre & Andrey\"). Finally,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17567586",
"score": "1.1346303",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "Legally Blonde: The Musical – The Search for Elle Woods",
"text": "in the ensemble and as an understudy for Glinda. Zakrin also closed the Broadway company of Rock of Ages as Sherrie Christian. Zakrin was in the ensemble and an understudy for Natasha in Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812 on Broadway, and was with the show in its two previous iterations Off-Broadway. She originated the role of Kathryn Merteuil in . She most recently was in the ensemble of Jesus Christ Superstar Live in Concert. Natalie Lander has since moved on to video game voice acting and film roles. Cassie Silva originated the role of Mrs. Wormwood on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12069084",
"score": "1.1313224",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
}
] |
{
"title": "Natasha, Pierre & The Great Comet of 1812",
"long_answer": "The musical premiered on October 16, 2012, at Ars Nova; directed by Rachel Chavkin the show was staged as an immersive production, with action happening around and among the audience. The set designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova to ever transfer to Broadway.",
"chunked_long_answer": "designed by Mimi Lien and lights by Bradley King transformed Ars Nova into a Russian supper club. The creative team was completed by Paloma Young as costume designer, Matt Hubbs as sound designer, and Dave Malloy as musical director. The cast included Malloy as Pierre, Phillipa Soo as Natasha, Lucas Steele as Anatole, Amber Gray as Hélène, Brittain Ashford as Sonya, Nick Choksi as Dolokhov, Shaina Taub as Mary, Blake DeLong as Andrey/Prince Bolkonsky, Amelia Workman as Marya D. and Paul Pinto (who also served as associate music director) as Balaga. The show was the first production of Ars Nova",
"short_answers": [
"Amber Gray",
"Amelia Workman",
"Blake DeLong",
"Brittain Ashford",
"Dave Malloy",
"Lucas Steele",
"Nick Choksi",
"Paul Pinto",
"Phillipa Soo",
"Shaina Taub"
]
}
|
who sang smoke gets in your eyes first
|
[
"Gertrude Niesen",
"Tamara Drasin"
] |
[
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "Orchestra recorded the song. That version appears on \"70 Years of Broadway, Vol. 1: 1924–1935\". Kurt Elling covered the song on his 2000 live album \"Live in Chicago\"; the album was nominated for a Grammy the following year for Best Vocal Jazz Album. \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" was translated to Lithuanian by around 2003; in Lithuanian the song is \"\"Žiedų Pūga\"\". Alison Jiear recorded a version of the song with orchestral arrangements by Mychael Danna in 2004 for the film \"Being Julia\". Smoke Gets in Your Eyes \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528603",
"score": "1.1331927",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "No. 3 on the Rhythm and Blues chart. The song spent 20 weeks on the UK charts, peaking at Number 1 for one week on 20 March of that same year. Buck Ram, the producer, said that Harbach praised them \"for reviving his song with taste.\" But the widow of composer Jerome Kern disliked the recording so much she considered legal action to prevent its distribution. Margaret Whiting released the song on her 1960 album \"Margaret Whiting Sings the Jerome Kern Songbook\". On February 2, 1964, Judy Garland performed the song comically on \"television show\". She sat at a small",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528601",
"score": "1.1151768",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "song, Polly Bergen performed the song during the series premiere of her variety show \"The Polly Bergen Show\", originally airing September 21, 1957. In 1958 Sarah Vaughan released her rendition on her album, \"No Count Sarah\". Eartha Kitt recorded \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" with the Henri Rene Orchestra in 1952. These sessions also yielded her hit single \"Santa Baby\". \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" was recorded in 1958 by The Platters for their album \"Remember When?\". The group's version became a number one hit in the U.S. on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 music chart. In 1959 it peaked at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528600",
"score": "1.0934947",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "1934. The song was reprised by Irene Dunne, who performed it in the 1935 film adaptation of the musical co-starring Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers, and Randolph Scott. The song was also included in the 1952 remake of \"Roberta\", \"Lovely to Look At\", in which it was performed by Kathryn Grayson, and was a number 1 chart hit in 1958 for The Platters. Paul Whiteman and his Orchestra performed the song with vocals by Bob Lawrence. This version of the song topped music charts in 1934. The Tommy Dorsey orchestra released their version in 1938. The B-side to Dorsey's single was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528596",
"score": "1.0828123",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "\"Night and Day\". During the mid-to-late 1930s Larry Adler and Henry Hall recorded live radio performances of the song on BBC Radio. Adler's rendition was a syncopated, harmonic arrangement. Hall's was with the BBC orchestra with vocals by Dan Donovan. Hall's version was released as a 10\" single. Pianist Art Tatum said in an introduction in 1955 that he performed \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" in the 1930s. In 1941 the Benny Goodman Orchestra played the song on the radio with Helen Forrest. Forrest left the ensemble during the early part of 1941. Goodman replaced her with Peggy Lee. Her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528597",
"score": "1.0734856",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "saxophonist Zoot Sims. This was one of Belafonte's first recordings. Sims' performance was parodied on December 10, 1977 on \"The Muppet Show\" by the character he inspired. In 1950 Charlie Parker and Jo Stafford each released versions of the song on their respective albums, \"Bird at St. Nick's\" and \"Autumn in New York\". Dinah Washington released the song in 1956, on her album \"Dinah!\". Jeri Southern named her 1957 album \"When Your Heart's On Fire\" after a lyric from the song; the album features her version of the song. The same year as Nat King Cole's televised performance of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528599",
"score": "1.0651906",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "table, singing longingly while the house burns and firefighters break down the door. While they carried her out, she continued singing. Bryan Ferry, of the band Roxy Music, released a cover version on his album \"Another Time, Another Place\" in 1974. A remake of the song by British band Blue Haze, formed by Johnny Arthey and Phil Swern, Penny McLean, of the West German band Silver Convention, released a solo version in 1975 on her album \"Lady Bump\"; her version reached No. 6 on the \"Billboard\" Disco Singles chart. In 1994, the Ralph Dunnegan All Stars with the Adam Mansell",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528602",
"score": "1.0175259",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Frank Fairfax",
"text": "\"Smoke gets in Your Eyes\" in this fashion. If nothing else, a few weeks of this would give you control of your ax (your horn, or whatever you were playing). A year of this with frequent rehearsals and gigs would put anybody at the top of his game. This band did not play stock arrangements; we played only our own written or \"head arrangements.\" With head or ear arrangements, we built up a repertoire in which no written music would be in sight... What we usually got was a crowd-pleaser. We gave them titles like \"The Uptown Breakaway,\" \"The Broadway",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19197287",
"score": "1.0013443",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Smoke and Fire (Sabrina Carpenter song)",
"text": "inspiration from a subject that was not good and turned it into something that was. She says she chose this as the expected first single because she felt that it was a great transition and development from \"Eyes Wide Open\". Carpenter helped choose the sound for the song and co-wrote it with Ido Zmishlany. She states that there are lots of elements in \"Smoke and Fire\" that set the sound and tone for the rest of the then-upcoming album. While fans had high hopes for \"Smoke and Fire\" to be on Carpenter's upcoming album, Carpenter released \"On Purpose\" in late",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19487425",
"score": "0.97816175",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "\"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta. The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, catalog# VE B 24454, with the B-side, \"Jealousy\", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Smoke (Lisa Lois album)",
"text": "enough. It was hard labour, but it got me a beautiful album and three new friends.\" The albums' ten tracks were written by notable songwriters, such as Pixie Lott and Phil Tornalley, who has written for Natalie Imbruglia. \"Hallelujah\" is the album's lead single. It went platinum and topped The Dutch Mega Single Top 100 and The Dutch Top 40. It was released May 8, 2009. Two music videos have also been released; one supporting the original version, one the acoustic. \"No Good for Me\" is the second single of the album. It was released November 13, 2009. In charts,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14503631",
"score": "0.97063434",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Smoke (Lisa Lois album)",
"text": "blowing away people with my voice, but on this album I wanted to show I'm also able to sing quite modest, more like telling a story.\" After gaining a #1 spot in the Dutch charts with a cover of Leonard Cohen's \"Hallelujah\", Lois moved from her hometown Wageningen to London, England to work on her debut album. She hired Tom Barnes, Peter Kelleher and Ben Kohn (production trio TMS) to produce her debut, commenting: \"TMS is a brand that has not yet been established, like me. It feels good to work with such a small team, we became familiar soon",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14503630",
"score": "0.96900475",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Gertrude Niesen",
"text": "On old-time radio, Niesen was the featured singer on \"The Ex-Lax Big Show\" (1933-1934) on CBS and host of \"The Show Shop\" (1942), on NBC-Blue. She recorded for Victor, Columbia, and Brunswick in the 1930s, and in 1933 was the first to record the song \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\", by Jerome Kern and Otto Harbach. She appeared in the Broadway musical \"Calling All Stars\" in 1934 and in the \"Ziegfeld Follies of 1936\". Her Broadway credits also include \"Follow the Girls\" (1944) and \"Take a Chance\" (1932). She also began to appear regularly in movies, including \"Top of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16071083",
"score": "0.9689542",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Smoke and Fire (Sabrina Carpenter song)",
"text": "her second album. When asked what influenced her to write \"Smoke and Fire,\" Carpenter said that she thought it was just \"natural maturity\" and that the style of music on her previous album, \"Eyes Wide Open\", gave her the ability to be more free with what she eventually would fall into for future albums because she believed music was all about evolving, changing, growing up, and trying different things. She doesn't see \"Smoke and Fire\" as an extremely personal song, but rather that she hopes it will uplift anyone who listens to it. She felt as though she took the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19487424",
"score": "0.96826816",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"text": "recording for a Mutual broadcast was released on the album \"Benny and Sid Roll 'Em\". Glenn Miller conducted his rendition of the song at Abbey Road Studios in 1944, but due to his death later that year, his version was unreleased until 1995. On October 30, 1946 Nat \"King\" Cole recorded the song in his trio with Oscar Moore on guitar and Johnny Miller on double bass during a live broadcast from New York City. Cole performed it on television in 1957 for \"The Nat King Cole Show\". Harry Belafonte made a recording of the song in 1949 with jazz",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7528598",
"score": "0.9623339",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Smoke and Fire (Sabrina Carpenter song)",
"text": "on March 17, 2016 performing \"Smoke and Fire\" on Live with Kelly and Ryan. The song was performed on Disney Channel 2016 Radio Disney Music Awards and on Musikfest 2016. Carpenter performed the song on the Honda Stage at the iHeartRadio Theater LA along with some covers and songs from her first and second album. The song was part of her debut headline tour, being the first song to be performed. The song was included on The De-Tour being the second song to be performed. Credits adapted from Tidal notes. Smoke and Fire (Sabrina Carpenter song) \"Smoke and Fire\" is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19487429",
"score": "0.9575139",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Caitlin Doughty",
"text": "of her goals. The book is named for the 20th-century pop song \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\", in reference to both the literal smoke of cremation and the associated emotions. W. W. Norton's Tom Mayer outbid seven other publishers for the worldwide rights to \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" in 2012. The book debuted at #14 on \"The New York Times\" and at #10 on the \"Los Angeles Times\" bestseller lists of hardcover nonfiction for the week ending October 5, 2014. Doughty's intention with the book was to combine \"memoir, science, and manifesto\" in an entertaining way that would attract",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18286003",
"score": "0.9566297",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes (Mad Men)",
"text": "Award nomination in Best Sound Editing - Dialogue and ADR for Short Form Television for Jason George (supervising sound editor), Jed M. Dodge (supervising dialogue editor), Julie Altus (ADR editor), Dale Chaloukian (dialogue editor), and Charlie Kolander (dialogue editor). Smoke Gets in Your Eyes (Mad Men) \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is the first episode of the first season of the American period drama television series \"Mad Men\". It first aired on July 19, 2007, in the United States on AMC, and was written by creator Matthew Weiner and directed by Alan Taylor. \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" was budgeted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12021920",
"score": "0.9561437",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Smoke (Lisa Lois album)",
"text": "Smoke (Lisa Lois album) Smoke is the debut album by Dutch singer Lisa Lois. It was released November 27, 2009, following Lois' victory on the Dutch version of X-Factor. The album was produced by London-based production group TMS. Songs have been written by notable songwriters such as Pixie Lott, Phill Tornalley and Jessie J. The album debuted at #6 at the Dutch Albums Chart. It has so far peaked at #4 and has sold over 25,000 copies within the Netherlands. Lois' website states that the singer's predilection for pop, soul and blues finds its way into the record in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14503628",
"score": "0.9526281",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "1900 Yesterday",
"text": "on \"Billboard\"s year-end ranking of 1971's \"Top Easy Listening Singles\". The lines that precede the song's title -- \"Like smoke from a cigarette/Dreams that you soon forget\" -- appear in the 1966 song \"Fading Away,\" written by Smokey Robinson, Warren \"Pete\" Moore, and Bobby Rogers of the Motown act The Miracles, and first recorded by The Temptations for their 1966 album \"Gettin' Ready\". 1900 Yesterday \"1900 Yesterday\" is a song released in 1970 by Liz Damon's Orient Express. It was originally released on the Hawaii based Makaha label, before White Whale acquired the worldwide distribution rights in December 1970. In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19049026",
"score": "0.9480689",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Sebastian Schneider",
"text": "finish the second half of the album, and by June it is ready for release. It consists of eight songs, which give the full project a total of fourteen. This album marks the first time Schneider releases English songs. Two of them, \"Not better\" and \"4 A.M.\" are of his own authorship, while \"Smoke gets in your eyes\" is a cover inspired on the popular The Platters version. The release concert was held on August 28 on a major Buenos Aires Venue: Luna Park. After this concert, Sebastian takes a break to return to stage in Early 2011. Schneider's mother",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14148972",
"score": "0.9440067",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes (Mad Men)",
"text": "so close they're almost touching, so they create a single source that doesn't cast multiple shadows. Over time, we built housings for them with channels into which you can slide diffusion frames or egg crates. We call them 'Whiteys' because the guy who knocked these shells out of tin back in New York was named Whitey; I used them extensively on \"The Sopranos\" and felt they suited the homes in \"Mad Men\" as well.\" In the days leading to the \"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" premiere, the watchdog group Commercial Alert filed a complaint against producers to the Distilled Spirits",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12021909",
"score": "0.94337726",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "J. D. Souther",
"text": "radio in 1981. In 1987, he contributed, performed, and did the vocal arrangements for the \"\" concert and video, sang the Platters' \"Smoke Gets In Your Eyes\" in Steven Spielberg's 1989 film \"Always\", and wrote the theme song to the 1989-1992 sitcom \"Anything But Love\". He wrote the song \"Wishing on Another Lucky Star\", featured on the soundtrack of the movie \"Permanent Record\". Souther co-wrote \"Doin' Time For Bein' Young\", a song performed by James Intveld for the soundtrack of the 1990 Johnny Depp movie \"Cry-Baby\". On October 14, 2008, Souther released \"If the World Was You\", his first new",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4013297",
"score": "0.9429038",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Tex Williams",
"text": "Tex Williams Sollie Paul \"Tex\" Williams (August 23, 1917October 11, 1985) was an American Western swing musician from Ramsey, Illinois. He is best known for his talking blues style; his biggest hit was the novelty song, \"Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)\", which held the number one position on the \"Billboard\" charts for sixteen weeks in 1947. \"Smoke\" was the No. 5 song on \"Billboard's\" Top 100 list for 1947, and was No. 1 on the country chart that year. It can be heard during the opening credits of the 2006 movie \"Thank You for Smoking\". Williams started out in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2792642",
"score": "0.93725675",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Johnny Arthey",
"text": "by Bob and Marcia, and \"You Can Get It If You Really Want\" by Desmond Dekker. Through his string arrangements, added to Jamaican recordings, he helped reggae artists such as The Pioneers trying to force a breakthrough on the British market. He also arranged the Piglets' hit \"Johnny Reggae\", and led a recording outfit called The Reggae Strings. In 1972, he formed the studio group Blue Haze with Phillip Swern; their reggae cover version of \"Smoke Gets In Your Eyes\" reached no.32 on the UK Singles Chart. With his Johnny Arthey Orchestra, he released a string of instrumental recordings of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17120654",
"score": "0.93682384",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Blowin' Smoke",
"text": "Blowin' Smoke \"Blowin' Smoke\" is a song recorded by country music singer-songwriter Kacey Musgraves. The song is featured on her major label debut album, \"Same Trailer Different Park\". It was released April 1, 2013 as the album's second single. It was written by Musgraves, Luke Laird, and Shane McAnally. As of July 10, 2013, the single has sold 135,000 copies in the United States. The song is about a waitress who is \"down on her luck\" and aspires to do better, but is \"just blowin' smoke\". The title is a double meaning, referencing the fact that the waitress is smoking",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17217176",
"score": "0.9353094",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "E.C. Scott",
"text": "and R&B once her backing band, named Smoke, were in place. She performed around San Francisco, including a spell as the house band at a nightclub called Slim's. Scott released her debut single in 1988 and built up a local fan base. She appeared at a number of blues festivals, and performed at Grand Openings for the San Francisco Symphony, the San Francisco Ballet, and the San Francisco Opera, before signing a recording contract with Blind Pig Records in 1994. Her first album, \"Come Get Your Love\" was released in 1995. \"Living Blues\" noted that \"E.C. Scott must be ranked",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19169073",
"score": "0.93504304",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Smoke Break",
"text": "Smoke Break \"Smoke Break\" is a song recorded by American country music artist Carrie Underwood from her fifth studio album, \"Storyteller\". It was released on August 21, 2015, through Sony Music Nashville, as the album's lead single. It was written by Underwood, Chris DeStefano, and Hillary Lindsey, and was produced by Jay Joyce. Musically, it has lyrics about escaping life's many stresses. \"Smoke Break\" was met with critical acclaim, with music critics describing it as \"a homage to hard working people in need of a breather\". It quickly became a commercial success, setting an all-time record for the largest first-week",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18978446",
"score": "0.93496895",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "On Top of Old Smoky",
"text": "On Top of Old Smoky \"On Top of Old Smokey\" is a traditional folk song of the United States. As recorded by The Weavers, the song reached the pop music charts in 1951. It is catalogued as Roud Folk Song Index No. 414. In one version the first verse is the following; for more on the words see below. It is unclear when, where and by whom the song was first sung. In historical times folksongs were the informal property of the communities that sang them, passed down through generations. They were published only when a curious person took the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5890318",
"score": "0.9292614",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Smoke! Smoke! Smoke! (That Cigarette)",
"text": "Cigarette)\" was produced by Lee Gillette, and featured Johnny Weis, electric lead guitar; Eugene \"Smokey\" Rogers, acoustic rhythm guitar, harmony vocal; Earl \"Joaquin\" Murphey, steel guitar; Manny Klein, trumpet; Paul \"Spike\" Featherstone, harp; Andrew \"Cactus\" Soldi, Harry Sims, Rex Call, fiddles; Ossie Godson, piano; Deuce Spriggens, bass fiddle, harmony vocal; Milton \"Muddy\" Berry, drums; and Larry \"Pedro\" DePaul, accordion. A cover version performed by Phil Harris stayed on the charts for 4 weeks, reaching number 8 on the \"Best Sellers in Stores\" chart. Williams made a stereophonic re-recording of the song for Capitol in 1960 on the album, \"Smoke! Smoke!",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9551262",
"score": "0.92724097",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Smoke Gets in Your Eyes",
"long_answer": "\"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta. The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, catalog# VE B 24454, with the B-side, \"Jealousy\", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Smoke Gets in Your Eyes\" is a show tune written by American composer Jerome Kern and lyricist Otto Harbach for their 1933 musical Roberta. The song was sung in the original Broadway show by Tamara Drasin. Its first recorded performance was by Gertrude Niesen, who recorded the song with orchestral direction from Ray Sinatra, Frank Sinatra's second cousin, on October 13, 1933. Niesen's recording of the song was released by Victor, catalog# VE B 24454, with the B-side, \"Jealousy\", featuring Isham Jones and his Orchestra.",
"short_answers": [
"Gertrude Niesen",
"Tamara Drasin"
]
}
|
who is the owner of the mandalay bay in vegas
|
[
"MGM Resorts International"
] |
[
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "Mandalay Resort Group Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was a hotel-casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo. In terms of market capitalization, it was one of the largest casino operators in the world. Its stock traded on the New York Stock Exchange with the ticker symbol \"CIR\" and \"MBG\". The company was originally known as Circus Circus Enterprises and originated with Jay Sarno's 1968 opening of the Circus Circus as well as a Circus Circus in Reno, which opened in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222303",
"score": "1.2092469",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Charlie Palmer Hotel",
"text": "included Marvin Lipschultz, the owner of the property; Bill Richardson, the owner of W.A. Richardson Construction and a former executive for Mandalay Resort Group; and Dan Juba, the principal of the locally based Klai Juba Architects. Adam Tihany, who designed the interior for Palmer's Aureole restaurant in Las Vegas, was also involved in the new project. Palmer said the project would not include a casino or gambling: \"Our focus is on the guest experience, not walking them through a casino and getting them to game.\" The hotel was to have a sky lounge, event space on the top floor, a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20050442",
"score": "1.1962628",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Jesse Waits",
"text": "the Wynn properties to help develop the Alon Las Vegas project, a forthcoming gaming resort located on the Las Vegas Strip. Jesse Waits Jesse Waits is an American entrepreneur and nightclub owner based in Las Vegas, Nevada. Waits grew up Hawaii and Southern California, and moved to Las Vegas in 1996. He began his nightlife career in 1997 at the House of Blues in Mandalay Bay, where he created themed event nights like “Thursday Night Fever” and “House of Blues Sundays”. He was then chosen to open and manage the Foundation Room at Mandalay Bay. After working at Light nightclub",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19675829",
"score": "1.1738042",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay Tram",
"text": "by Richard Ryer Incorporated. The tram runs during the hours of 7:00 am and 12:30 am. Mandalay Bay Tram The Mandalay Bay Tram is a people mover that opened on April 9, 1999 on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It was constructed to connect three gaming hotels belonging to the MGM Mirage Group. The line carries passengers from the major Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection, via the Excalibur Hotel and Casino and Luxor Hotel to the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino at the southern end. The dual-track system is cable driven and free for the public to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12186042",
"score": "1.1657531",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay Tram",
"text": "Mandalay Bay Tram The Mandalay Bay Tram is a people mover that opened on April 9, 1999 on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It was constructed to connect three gaming hotels belonging to the MGM Mirage Group. The line carries passengers from the major Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection, via the Excalibur Hotel and Casino and Luxor Hotel to the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino at the southern end. The dual-track system is cable driven and free for the public to use. The eastern track has intermediate station stops. The western track only has stops at either",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12186037",
"score": "1.1628098",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "two companies' properties. Michigan law, however, forbade one company from owning multiple casinos, requiring the sale of either the MGM Grand Detroit or Mandalay's 54% stake in the MotorCity Casino. After some vacillation about which property to sell, Mandalay accepted a $525-million offer for its interest in MotorCity from Marian Ilitch, the casino's second largest shareholder. Mandalay Resort Group Mandalay Resort Group (formerly Circus Circus Enterprises) was a hotel-casino operator based in Paradise, Nevada. Its major properties included Mandalay Bay, Luxor, Excalibur and Circus Circus, as well as half of the Monte Carlo. In terms of market capitalization, it was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222312",
"score": "1.1618325",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "Echelon project on the Las Vegas Strip. Mandalay Bay president and chief operating officer Chuck Bowling said that while people enjoyed THEhotel, it \"in many cases, was a tower of Mandalay Bay. What we really want to do at Delano is create its own spirit, its own energy.\" Because the design phase took longer than expected, MGM announced in September 2013 that the property's renovation would be delayed several months. It was announced the following month that design plans had been finalized and that construction for the hotel's conversion was expected to begin in March 2014, for an opening in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902890",
"score": "1.1539184",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"text": "has played host to the Latin Grammy Awards several times, and the Miss Universe pageant. This facility is one of the largest privately owned convention centers in the world. It has several ballrooms ranging in size up to , and can support up to 75 breakout sessions. The Shoppes at Mandalay Place is a - long retail sky bridge on the north side of the property that connects to the Luxor. There are 24 restaurants at the resort. Michael Mina, Alain Ducasse, Rick Moonen, Charlie Palmer, Hubert Keller, Wolfgang Puck, Mary Sue Milliken and Susan Feniger are all associated with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3268616",
"score": "1.146044",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "1978. The company incorporated as Circus Circus Enterprises (CCE) in 1974 to purchase Circus Circus from Sarno at a time when the casino was experiencing financial difficulties. The original majority owners of CCE were William Pennington, a former oil lease speculator and William Bennett, a former furniture salesman and the manager of The Mint Las Vegas casino. Circus Circus Enterprises purchased the Silver City Casino and Slots-A-Fun Casino in 1979 for $30 million, then refurbished both the interior and exterior. The company went public in 1983 and traded on the New York Stock Exchange. The company's properties found success in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222304",
"score": "1.1452608",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"text": "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"text": "which were constructed by Circus Circus Enterprises before its sale to MGM. In 1995, Circus Circus Enterprises bought the Hacienda for $80 million and an adjacent site for $73 million. They closed the Hacienda on December 1, 1996, and razed it a month later on New Year's Eve. Plans for the tropical-themed \"Project Paradise\" were revealed the same day, with an estimated budget of $800 million to $1 billion. In February 1998 the project was renamed Mandalay Bay to evoke the exotic tropical romanticism of the poem \"Mandalay\". Problems arose during construction because of excessive and uneven settling of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3268607",
"score": "1.138015",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "footprint, but toppling into its parking lot. The next day a wrecking crew was brought in to bring down the remaining parts. In March 1999, it was replaced by the Mandalay Bay. The group was also a partner with Mirage Resorts on the 1996 opening of the nearby Monte Carlo Resort and Casino. Circus Circus Enterprises closed the Silver City Casino on October 31, 1999. Following the completion of Mandalay Bay in 1999 the name of the company was changed to Mandalay Resorts Group. On December 14, 1999, MotorCity Casino Hotel opened. On May 23, 2002, the Mandalay Resort Group",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222309",
"score": "1.1361114",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Mandalay",
"text": "by Frank Sinatra on \"Come Fly With Me\". The large hotel/casino/convention center Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas is named for the city, despite the fact that the city is 500 kilometers from the nearest bay, perhaps in reference to the line in Kipling's poem, \"An' the dawn comes up like thunder outer China 'crost the Bay! \" George Orwell was stationed at Mandalay for a time while working for the Indian Imperial Police in Burma, and his first novel, \"Burmese Days\" (1934), was based on his experiences in Burma. He also wrote a number of short non-fiction essays and short",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2423629",
"score": "1.1335974",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "total cost for the remodel was estimated to be $125 million. On March 20, 1995, Circus Circus Enterprises announced that it had agreed to acquire Gold Strike Resorts, a closely held budget casino owner and operator based in Jean, Nevada, in a deal valued at more than $600 million. At the time of the acquisition, Gold Strike Resorts owned the Gold Strike Hotel and Gambling Hall, Nevada Landing Hotel and Casino, Railroad Pass Hotel and Casino, and 50% of the under-construction Monte Carlo Resort and Casino. The acquisition did not include the original Gold Strike near Boulder City, because the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222307",
"score": "1.1260813",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "September 2002, and an opening expected for October 2003. The tower's cost was later increased to $250 million. In September 2003, Mandalay Resort Group announced that the tower's then-scheduled Thanksgiving opening would be delayed to late December 2003. The company also announced that the tower, located northwest of the main resort, would be named \"THE hotel at Mandalay Bay\". Mandalay Resort Group spokesman John Marz said, \"We put some names out in front of the public and tested their response. THE hotel at Mandalay Bay is all about style. It's fresh and new.\" The tower would be marketed as a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902885",
"score": "1.1241884",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay",
"text": "Shark Reef at Mandalay Bay The Shark Reef Aquarium at Mandalay Bay is a public aquarium located at and owned by the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino in Las Vegas, Nevada. Its main tank is , one of the largest in North America. The facility is , and displays numerous different species of sharks, rays, fish, reptiles, and marine invertebrates. It also features a shark tunnel. The reef was developed in consultation with the Vancouver Aquarium. Shark Reef was built at a cost of $40 million, and was opened on June 20, 2000. In 2007, it underwent a re-branding campaign",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9728026",
"score": "1.1160324",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "The Cromwell Las Vegas",
"text": "The Cromwell Las Vegas The Cromwell Las Vegas (formerly Barbary Coast and Bill's Gamblin' Hall and Saloon) is a luxury boutique hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation. The property was the site of Empey's Desert Villa from 1952. In 1979, it became Barbary Coast. The casino was built by Michael Gaughan and opened on March 2, 1979 at a cost of $11.5 million. Over time, this property, along with others owned by Gaughan would become Coast Casinos Inc. Gaughan shared partnership in the Barbary Coast with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9676919",
"score": "1.1143024",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "separate property from the Mandalay Bay, and would have its own porte-cochère, check-in area, restaurants, employee uniforms, and spa. The tower was topped off on October 17, 2003, and Mandalay Resort Group announced that the tower's name would be spelled \"THEhotel at Mandalay Bay\". The hotel hosted more than 100 local reporters for a media preview the night before its official opening on December 17, 2003. The hotel did not have gambling, but provided access to the nearby casino at the Mandalay Bay. Although the gold-paned, 43-story tower had the same exterior appearance as the main resort, its interior design",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902886",
"score": "1.1141284",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Nevada Landing Hotel and Casino",
"text": "Belding, Mike Ensign and William Richardson. It was first owned by Gold Strike Resorts and in 1995 was sold to Circus Circus Enterprises. Circus Circus Enterprises became Mandalay Resort Group in 1999, and in 2004 was acquired by MGM Mirage. In February 2007, MGM announced plans to close the casino on April 18 and build a master-planned community on the it owned in the area, in a joint venture with American Nevada Corporation and the Cloobeck Companies. The community was to include affordable housing, commercial businesses, shops, and a new hotel-casino. The Gold Strike would remain open, at least until",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6572436",
"score": "1.1102822",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Lake Las Vegas",
"text": "Club founder Timothy Blixseth and his son Beau Blixseth who claim the Lake Las Vegas Joint Venture bankruptcy was caused by a \"loan to own\" scheme between the bank and resort developers. The golf course was purchased by Nevada South Shore LLC, a Hawaii-based corporation for $4.5 million on February 17, 2011. The Ritz Carlton, Lake Las Vegas, closed after 8 years of operation on May 2, 2010. The Ritz Carlton was then reopened by international boutique hotelier Dolce Hotels on February 11, 2011, as the Ravella at Lake Las Vegas. On April 30, 2013, Kam Sang Co. announced that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5551189",
"score": "1.1067953",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"text": "for guests staying in the penthouses. Level 43 (numbered as 64) is the Foundation Room, a restaurant and bar. Five floors (floors 35–39) of the main hotel building are occupied by the five-star and AAA Five-Diamond Four Seasons Hotel Las Vegas. The resort's second tower, with 45 stories and 1,117 suites, previously operated as THEhotel at Mandalay Bay, now operates as Delano Las Vegas. Each suite is at least . A production of the classic Broadway musical \"Chicago\" debuted at Mandalay Bay's 1999 grand opening and ran for one year. \"Storm\", an original production show featuring Latin music, ran from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3268612",
"score": "1.1057948",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "at the hotel were to be redesigned, along with new bars, lounges, restaurants and nightclubs. The renovations and name change were initially expected to be complete by late 2013, which was later changed to spring 2014. Although THEhotel had been financially successful, the decision to renovate and rename it was part of a transformation at the Mandalay Bay. In addition, there had already been plans to renovate the nine-year-old hotel tower prior to forming a partnership with Morgans Hotel Group, which had been expanding the Delano brand. Morgans Hotel Group previously planned to open a Delano hotel at the cancelled",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902889",
"score": "1.1053319",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "was entirely different. The company stated, \"While Mandalay Bay represents an idyllic tropical paradise, THEhotel embraces modern architecture, contemporary design and comfortable surroundings.\" The new tower employed approximately 700 people. The hotel included original artwork by Jasper Johns, Andy Warhol, and Arturo Herrera. Included in the hotel's public areas were pieces by Robert Rauschenberg, Richard Serra, Valérie Belin, and Donald Judd. In January 2005, the hotel was among other establishments to win AAA's Four Diamond Award. In 2006, the lettering at the top of the tower changed to \"THEhotel\" to distinguish the property. Formerly, the lettering was identical to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902887",
"score": "1.105232",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Sheldon Adelson",
"text": "Sheldon Adelson Sheldon Gary Adelson (pronounced ; born August 4, 1933) is an American business magnate, investor, and philanthropist. He is the founder, chairman and chief executive officer of Las Vegas Sands Corporation, which owns the Marina Bay Sands in Singapore, and is the parent company of Venetian Macao Limited, which operates The Venetian Resort Hotel Casino and the Sands Expo and Convention Center. He also owns the Israeli daily newspaper \"Israel Hayom\" and the American daily newspaper \"Las Vegas Review-Journal\". Adelson, a donor and philanthropist to a variety of causes, also founded the Adelson Foundation in 2007, at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4726800",
"score": "1.1031462",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Las Vegas (Modern Family)",
"text": "appear in this episode. All the family, except the kids, arrive at Las Vegas for the weekend. Jay (Ed O'Neill) sold the owner of Mandalay Bay, Burt (Ray Laska), some closet space and Burt gave him free access to the three main adult contingents at the hotel's platinum level rooms in return. Mitchell (Jesse Tyler Ferguson) runs into an old boyfriend of his, Langham (Fred Armisen), who is there with his partner Tim (Jeffrey Nicholas Brown) for their bachelor party. The two of them invite Mitchell and Cam (Eric Stonestreet) to their party but Mitchell declines the offer since he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17947514",
"score": "1.0988743",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Delano Las Vegas",
"text": "during renovations. The Delano held its grand opening ceremonies in September 2014. The hotel includes an Alain Ducasse restaurant called \"Rivea\" and a lounge called \"Skyfall\", both located at the top of the hotel. On May 23, 2002, the Mandalay Resort Group announced plans to build a 1,122-room all-suite hotel tower. The 41-story tower would connect to the company's Mandalay Bay resort on the Las Vegas Strip. The new tower's target clientele was attendees to the resort's Mandalay Convention Center, scheduled to open in January 2003. The tower would cost between $200 million and $225 million, with groundbreaking scheduled for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6902884",
"score": "1.0877429",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Alex Meruelo",
"text": "Bros within the Southern California area. The group also owns a bank, a spanish-language independent television station KWHY-TV, The Grand Sierra Resort, and other businesses. The SLS Las Vegas (formerly the Sahara Hotel and Casino) in Las Vegas, Nevada, was purchased by the Meruelo Group on June 2017. Alex Meruelo Alex Meruelo is a Cuban-American businessman. Meruelo was born in New York City and moved to Los Angeles, California. He attended the Don Bosco Technical Institute in Rosemead, CA and received his B.S. from California State University, Long Beach. He began his career in his father's tuxedo business. In 1985",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15819793",
"score": "1.086559",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Mandalay Resort Group",
"text": "announced a second 1,122-room hotel tower, with a cost of at least $200 million. Construction began on the tower in September 2002. The name of the tower, THEhotel at Mandalay Bay, was chosen in September 2003. The tower opened on December 17, 2003. On June 4, 2004, one of Mandalay's largest competitors, MGM Mirage, announced a bid to acquire it for $68 per share plus assumption of debt. The stock closed at $60.27 per share on June 4. Although the proposal was announced after the close of trading on June 4, the volume of trading in Mandalay Resort Group stock",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222310",
"score": "1.0812602",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Steve Wynn",
"text": "news. Steve Wynn Stephen Alan Wynn (\"né\" Weinberg; born January 27, 1942) is an American real estate businessman and art collector. He is known for his involvement in the American luxury casino and hotel industry. Early in his career he oversaw the construction and operation of several notable Las Vegas and Atlantic City hotels, including the Golden Nugget, the Golden Nugget Atlantic City, The Mirage, Treasure Island, the Bellagio, and Beau Rivage in Mississippi, and he played a pivotal role in the resurgence and expansion of the Las Vegas Strip in the 1990s. In 2000, Wynn sold his company, Mirage",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3213937",
"score": "1.0806872",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "MGM Grand Las Vegas",
"text": "States under the Airport Marina name. Southwest also planned to construct a casino that would operate separately from Fred Harvey. The 700-room Marina, located at 3805 South Las Vegas Boulevard, was built by Wiesner Investment Company and was opened in 1975. In 1989, Wiesner and his partners sold the Marina to Kirk Kerkorian, who also bought the Tropicana Country Club, located behind the Marina and across Tropicana Avenue from the Tropicana and San Rémo hotels to obtain the site that would become the home of the MGM Grand. Kerkorian saw the Marina as a stable and solidly built resort, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3222211",
"score": "1.0792917",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
}
] |
{
"title": "Mandalay Bay",
"long_answer": "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Mandalay Bay is a 43-story luxury resort and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by MGM Resorts International. One of the property's towers operates as the Delano; the Four Seasons Hotel is independently operated within the Mandalay Bay tower, occupying 5 floors (35–39).",
"short_answers": [
"MGM Resorts International"
]
}
|
who votes in the baseball hall of fame
|
[
"or the Veterans Committee",
"Veterans Committee"
] |
[
{
"title": "1999 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "authority to select one from each of those two special ballots. It elected four people, the maximum number permitted: first baseman Orlando Cepeda from the 1960s, umpire Nestor Chylak, pitcher Smokey Joe Williams from the Negro Leagues, and manager Frank Selee from the 19th century. Bob Stevens received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 1998 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 1998, and conferred in the summer 1999 ceremonies.) Arch McDonald received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster. 1999 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7256322",
"score": "1.2978941",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "2009 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Isaacs (formerly of New York \"Newsday\"), Ted Patterson (historian) and Curt Smith (historian). The seven finalists chosen by the committee were: Billy Berroa, Ken Coleman, Dizzy Dean, Lanny Frattare, Tony Kubek, Graham McNamee and Dave Van Horne. Three additional candidates – Tom Cheek, Jacques Doucet and Joe Nuxhall – were selected from a list of 210 candidates through results of voting by fans conducted throughout September at the Hall's official website, with 145,138 ballots cast. On December 9 at baseball's winter meetings, it was announced that Tony Kubek would be the recipient. Kubek, who was a television analyst for NBC,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11450337",
"score": "1.2833136",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "2007 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "was selected in a January vote by a committee composed of the 14 living recipients, along with six additional broadcasting historians or columnists: Bob Costas (NBC), Barry Horn (\"The Dallas Morning News\"), Stan Isaacs (formerly of New York \"Newsday\"), Ted Patterson (historian), Curt Smith (historian) and Larry Stewart (\"Los Angeles Times\"). The committee members voted by mail, and based the selection on the following criteria: longevity; continuity with a club; honors, including national assignments such as the World Series and All-Star Games; and popularity with fans. 2007 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7536915",
"score": "1.2809329",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "1996 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1996 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1996 followed the system in use since 1995. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players but no one tallied the necessary 75% support. The BBWAA had petitioned the Hall of Fame Board of Directors on January 5, 1995, to reconsider the eligibility of Larry Bowa, Bill Madlock, Al Oliver and Ted Simmons, each of whom had failed to receive at least 5% of ballots cast in each of their first years of eligibility (Bowa and Oliver",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10464250",
"score": "1.280388",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "1996 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "century . Joe Durso received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. Herb Carneal received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster. 1996 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1996 followed the system in use since 1995. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players but no one tallied the necessary 75% support. The BBWAA had petitioned the Hall of Fame Board of Directors on January 5, 1995, to reconsider the eligibility of Larry Bowa, Bill Madlock, Al Oliver",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10464256",
"score": "1.2783047",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "1985 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Bob Montgomery, Tom Murphy, Bob Robertson, Wayne Twitchell, and Bobby Valentine. 1985 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1985 followed the system in place since 1978. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two, Lou Brock and Hoyt Wilhelm. The BBWAA petitioned the Hall of Fame Board of Directors to reconsider the eligibility of Ken Boyer, Curt Flood and Ron Santo with the intention of restoring their names to the 1985 ballot. Each had failed to achieve 5% in their first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11628770",
"score": "1.2724943",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "2001 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "in bold italics; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in \"italics\". The 13 candidates who received less than 5% of the vote, thus becoming ineligible for future BBWAA consideration, are indicated with a *. José Rijo, who received only one vote, resumed his major league career in 2001-2002; he again became eligible on the 2008 ballot. Both selections, Kirby Puckett of the Minnesota Twins and Dave Winfield of the New York Yankees, were late-1980s/early-1990s star hitters. Puckett is best known for leading the Twins to the World Championship before being forced to retire due to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7037236",
"score": "1.2716923",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "2005 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "he was selected in a January vote by a 20-member committee composed of the 14 living recipients, along with six additional broadcasting historians or columnists: Bob Costas (NBC), Barry Horn (\"The Dallas Morning News\"), Stan Isaacs (formerly of New York \"Newsday\"), Ted Patterson (historian), Curt Smith (historian) and Larry Stewart (\"Los Angeles Times\"). Committee members are asked to base the selection on the following criteria: longevity; continuity with a club; honors, including national assignments such as the World Series and All-Star Games; and popularity with fans. 2005 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4388696",
"score": "1.2686373",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "2003 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "leader (L), three general managers (GM), four managers (M), and two league officials (lg). Among 85 eligible voters, 79 cast ballots so 60 votes were the minimum to elect a candidate. Only umpire Doug Harvey tallied more than fifty percent support. (\"Italics\" mark those subsequently elected.) Hal McCoy received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 2002 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 2002, and conferred in the summer 2003 ceremonies.) Bob Uecker received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster. 2003 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6913127",
"score": "1.264106",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum",
"text": "Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee, which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. ",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "of Fame, in 1947. The next ballot for 1962 did not include a list of names. Twenty-six candidates who received at least one vote in 1960 may have been eligible for the final time: Edd Roush, Hank Gowdy, Bucky Harris, Dave Bancroft, Joe Sewell, Nick Altrock, Joe Judge, Howard Ehmke, Eddie Rommel, Wally Schang, Cy Williams, Bob Meusel, Joe Dugan, Babe Herman, Lew Fonseca, Mike González, Marty McManus, Jack Quinn, Bill Sherdel, Sparky Adams, Ray Blades, Heinie Groh, Bubbles Hargrave, Addie Joss, Freddy Leach and Hans Lobert. 1960 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to Baseball Hall of Fame for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12046725",
"score": "1.263413",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Mexican Professional Baseball Hall of Fame",
"text": "for those whom they consider to have the merits sufficient enter the Salón de la Fama. After the Salón de la Fama receives the votes, the results are soon revealed, and any player who obtains a majority of votes will be considered a candidate for election and be placed on the year's election ballot. The election ballot, is sent back out to the \"Comité Elector\" - but only those with a \"Cédula de Votación\" (Voting Certificate). They will choose the two \"exbeisbolistas inmortales\" who will be enshrined in that year. From 2001 to 2006, three players were elected annually and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11511871",
"score": "1.2602016",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Lee Smith (baseball)",
"text": "before Smith—has received greater support in each year from 2004 until his induction in 2008. To be eligible for induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame, a candidate needs to receive votes on 75 percent of the total ballots cast by the Baseball Writers' Association of America. However, if the candidate receives less than 5 percent, he is no longer eligible for future Hall of Fame consideration by the BBWAA. Smith was first eligible for the ballot five years after he retired, and was allowed to be on the ballot through 2017 if he continued to meet the minimum vote",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3420978",
"score": "1.2583991",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "2014 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates selected in subsequent elections, if any, will be indicated in \"italics\". Jack Morris was on the ballot for the 15th and final time. The newly eligible candidates included 28 All-Stars, 12 of whom were not on the ballot, representing a total of 83 All-Star selections. Among the candidates were 10-time All-Star and 2-time Cy Young Award winner Tom Glavine, 8-time All-Star and 4-time Cy Young Award winner Greg Maddux, 6-time All-Star Moisés Alou, 5-time All-Star and 2-time MVP Award winner Frank Thomas, 5-time All-Star and 1-time MVP Award",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17019575",
"score": "1.2560123",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "also received the MVP Award the same year). Players eligible for the first time who were \"not\" included on the ballot were: Benny Ayala, Alan Bannister, Kurt Bevacqua, Steve Braun, Miguel Diloné, Doug Flynn, Tim Foli, Dan Ford, Kiko Garcia, Ed Glynn, Andy Hassler, Jay Johnstone, Duane Kuiper, Sixto Lezcano, Dan Meyer, Rick Miller, Dale Murray, Joe Nolan, Dan Spillner, Mike Squires, Bill Stein, Derrel Thomas, Rick Waits, and John Wockenfuss. 1991 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1991 followed the system in place since 1978. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11395241",
"score": "1.2524195",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1951 followed the same rules as 1950. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 years. It elected two, Jimmie Foxx and Mel Ott. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. The 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1926 or later, provided they had not been active in 1950. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11554173",
"score": "1.2510742",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "1948 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1948 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1948 followed the same procedures as 1947. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from players retired less than 25 years, with provision for a runoff in case of no winner. It elected two people on the first ballot, Herb Pennock and Pie Traynor. Meanwhile, the Old Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players, met on no schedule and not this year. Criticism continued that earlier players, as well as managers and other non-playing candidates, were being overlooked. The 10-year members",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3403304",
"score": "1.2504458",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "1985 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1985 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1985 followed the system in place since 1978. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected two, Lou Brock and Hoyt Wilhelm. The BBWAA petitioned the Hall of Fame Board of Directors to reconsider the eligibility of Ken Boyer, Curt Flood and Ron Santo with the intention of restoring their names to the 1985 ballot. Each had failed to achieve 5% in their first years on the ballot (Boyer, 1975–79, Flood, 1977–79 and Santo, 1980).",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11628765",
"score": "1.2496562",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "1952 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1952 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1952 followed the same rules as 1951. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 year and elected two, Harry Heilmann and Paul Waner. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. The 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1927 or later, provided they had not been active in 1951. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11834342",
"score": "1.2478763",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "2006 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "with six additional broadcasting historians or columnists: Bob Costas (NBC), Barry Horn (\"The Dallas Morning News\"), Stan Isaacs (formerly of New York \"Newsday\"), Ted Patterson (historian), Curt Smith (historian) and Larry Stewart (\"Los Angeles Times\"). The ballots were cast prior to the death of Curt Gowdy on February 20. The members voted by mail, and based the selection on the following criteria: longevity; continuity with a club; honors, including national assignments such as the World Series and All-Star Games; and popularity with fans. Hall of Fame publications (from the Internet Archive): 2006 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6373399",
"score": "1.2453555",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "1948 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "least 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been selected in subsequent elections are indicated in \"italics\": 1948 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1948 followed the same procedures as 1947. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from players retired less than 25 years, with provision for a runoff in case of no winner. It elected two people on the first ballot, Herb Pennock and Pie Traynor. Meanwhile, the Old Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players, met",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3403312",
"score": "1.2451564",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "2009 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "1943 and 1987; the committee members were: Dave Van Dyck (\"Chicago Tribune\"); Bob Elliott (\"Toronto Sun\"); Rick Hummel (\"St. Louis Post-Dispatch\"); Steve Hirdt (Elias Sports Bureau); Moss Klein (formerly Newark \"Star-Ledger\"); Bill Madden (New York \"Daily News\"); Ken Nigro (formerly \"Baltimore Sun\"); Jack O'Connell (MLB.com); Nick Peters (\"The Sacramento Bee\"); Tracy Ringolsby (\"Rocky Mountain News\"); and Mark Whicker (\"The Orange County Register\"). A six-member panel of Hall of Famers also met to independently select five players for consideration; these lists were merged to create a preliminary ballot of 21 names: Dick Allen, Ken Boyer, Bert Campaneris, Rocky Colavito, Mike Cuellar,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11450327",
"score": "1.2445171",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "1953 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Wallace, and Harry Wright. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent players (no change) and elected two, Dizzy Dean and Al Simmons. The 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1928 or later, provided they had not been active in 1952. Voters were instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. A total of 264 ballots were cast in the Baseball Writers Election, with 2,525 individual votes for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11903984",
"score": "1.2444366",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "2006 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Detroit Tigers for Michigan's Booth Newspaper Group; and Tracy Ringolsby, who has covered the Colorado Rockies for the \"Rocky Mountain News\" since 1993 and has written on baseball for 30 years. All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to cast ballots in voting conducted by mail in November. On December 7, Tracy Ringolsby was announced as the recipient, having received 225 votes out of the 429 ballots cast, with Goddard receiving 128 votes and Plagenhoef receiving 76. Gene Elston received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster. The Frick Award has been presented at the annual summer",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6373396",
"score": "1.2442973",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "1962 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "to the Hall. A total of 78 players received votes; 160 ballots were cast, with 120 votes required for election. A total of 1,090 individual votes were cast, an average of 6.81 per ballot. Sam Rice, Eppa Rixey, Burleigh Grimes, Hack Wilson, Kiki Cuyler, Red Faber, Jim Bottomley, Lefty Gomez, Waite Hoyt, Heinie Manush, Goose Goslin, Lefty O'Doul, Tony Lazzeri, Chick Hafey, Freddie Lindstrom, Earle Combs, Jimmie Dykes, Jimmie Wilson, Earl Averill, Jesse Haines, Charlie Grimm, Firpo Marberry, Wes Ferrell, Freddie Fitzsimmons, Travis Jackson, George Kelly, Red Rolfe, Luke Sewell, Riggs Stephenson and Glenn Wright were eligible for the final",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12040002",
"score": "1.2432581",
"original_retrieval_index": 46
},
{
"title": "2008 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Tom Lampkin, Darren Lewis, Mike Magnante, Dave Mlicki, Mike Morgan, Hipólito Pichardo, Armando Reynoso, Henry Rodríguez, Lee Stevens, Greg Swindell, Mike Trombley, John Valentin, Randy Velarde, Ed Vosberg, and Mark Wohlers. Of the newly-eligible candidates, the only one who amassed enough votes to remain on the BBWAA ballot was Raines. This contrasts with the 2007 voting, when Cal Ripken, Jr. and Tony Gwynn were inducted at the first opportunity, and two other newcomers, Mark McGwire and Harold Baines, received enough votes to remain on the ballot. McGwire, who received 128 votes in 2007, got the same number of votes in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9844483",
"score": "1.2428893",
"original_retrieval_index": 47
},
{
"title": "1937 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "instructed to cast votes for 10 candidates, but were now discouraged from casting votes for active players (though some player-managers whose playing days were largely over, such as Rogers Hornsby, received votes). Any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall upon its opening in the sport's supposed centennial year of 1939. Again, individuals who had been barred from baseball were not formally ineligible; Hal Chase received some votes, though Shoeless Joe Jackson did not. A total of 201 ballots were cast, with 1,949 individual votes for 113 specific candidates,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3239591",
"score": "1.2424357",
"original_retrieval_index": 49
},
{
"title": "1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "Heilmann, and Bill Terry. Popular hurler Dizzy Dean was sixth. 1951 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1951 followed the same rules as 1950. The Baseball Writers Association of America (BBWAA) voted once by mail to select from major league players retired less than 25 years. It elected two, Jimmie Foxx and Mel Ott. Meanwhile, the Old-Timers Committee, with jurisdiction over earlier players and other figures, did not meet. The 10-year members of the BBWAA had the authority to select any players active in 1926 or later, provided they had not been active",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11554175",
"score": "1.2410752",
"original_retrieval_index": 51
},
{
"title": "2008 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "of Fame writers\" or words to that effect. Three final candidates, selected by a BBWAA committee, were named on July 10, 2007, in San Francisco in conjunction with All-Star Game activities: Nick Peters of \"The Sacramento Bee\", Dave Van Dyck of the \"Chicago Tribune\", and Larry Whiteside (1937–2007) of \"The Boston Globe\". All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to cast ballots in voting conducted by mail in November. On December 5 at baseball's winter meetings, Larry Whiteside was announced as the recipient, having received 203 votes out of the 411 ballots cast, with Peters receiving 119 votes and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9844496",
"score": "1.2405936",
"original_retrieval_index": 52
},
{
"title": "1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting",
"text": "BBWAA were eligible to vote. Any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots would be honored with induction to the Hall. Votes were cast for 106 players; a total of 193 ballots were cast, with 145 votes required for election. A total of 1,599 individual votes were cast, an average of 8.28 per ballot. The two candidates who received 75% of the vote and were elected are indicated in bold italics; candidates who have since been elected in subsequent elections are indicated in \"italics\". 1956 Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12115226",
"score": "1.2394449",
"original_retrieval_index": 55
}
] |
{
"title": "National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum",
"long_answer": "Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee, which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. Players receiving 5% or more of the votes but fewer than 75% are reconsidered annually until a maximum of ten years of eligibility (lowered from fifteen years for the 2015 election).",
"chunked_long_answer": "Players are currently inducted into the Hall of Fame through election by either the Baseball Writers' Association of America (or BBWAA), or the Veterans Committee, which now consists of four subcommittees, each of which considers and votes for candidates from a separate era of baseball. Five years after retirement, any player with 10 years of major league experience who passes a screening committee (which removes from consideration players of clearly lesser qualification) is eligible to be elected by BBWAA members with 10 years' membership or more who also have been actively covering MLB at any time in the 10 years preceding the election (the latter requirement was added for the 2016 election). From a final ballot typically including 25–40 candidates, each writer may vote for up to 10 players; until the late 1950s, voters were advised to cast votes for the maximum 10 candidates. Any player named on 75% or more of all ballots cast is elected. A player who is named on fewer than 5% of ballots is dropped from future elections. In some instances, the screening committee had restored their names to later ballots, but in the mid-1990s, dropped players were made permanently ineligible for Hall of Fame consideration, even by the Veterans Committee. A 2001 change in the election procedures restored the eligibility of these dropped players; while their names will not appear on future BBWAA ballots, they may be considered by the Veterans Committee. ",
"short_answers": [
"Veterans Committee",
"or the Veterans Committee"
]
}
|
who played taylor on the bold and beautiful
|
[
"Hunter Tylo",
"Sherilyn Wolter",
"Sherilyn Wolter (1990)"
] |
[
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "who is usually resilient, falls into a tailspin: accidentally killing Darla Forrester (Schae Harrison) in a hit and run accident and lying about it, later being arrested for driving under the influence. Tylo confessed, \"These were the kinds of stories I was begging for\", as she thought \"it was very believable\". The actress also wanted to portray Taylor as less \"serious\". Taylor often loses out to Brooke, as Thorne (Ridge's brother) loses out to Ridge. When asked in 2011 where she would like her storyline to go, Tylo said: \"I think we should see Thorne and Taylor get strong and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156825",
"score": "1.1339799",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "for that\". The actress said, \"I think it’s very cool that there is so much history behind the two characters. First of all, it does not seem like a sexually based relationship. So I think the audience can appreciate it and go, 'Wow. I can understand these two emotionally bonding,' and then let it grow into something that doesn’t look forced.\" In 2008, Taylor becomes involved with Brooke's son, the much younger Rick Forrester (Kyle Lowder), who was previously in a relationship with Phoebe. Lowder described playing the storyline as \"challenging\" and one that \"stirs the pot\". It began after",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156836",
"score": "1.1307521",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "door open for her to return, which she did months later. During her absence, the character was presumed to be dead. In March 1996, following Taylor's decreased airtime and rumors circulating of her exit, it was confirmed that the actress was to leave \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" after her contract expired that June, to pursue a primetime role on the Fox television drama \"Melrose Place\". Taylor's final appearance was in May 1996. However, in July 1996, Tylo was controversially fired from \"Melrose Place\" on the grounds of being pregnant and was replaced by Lisa Rinna. In response, she sued",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156816",
"score": "1.1278951",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "Aly (Ashlyn Pearce), now a teenager, heavily disapproves. Aly forgives Taylor for Darla's death and Taylor and Thorne return to Paris. After few months, Taylor returns to Los Angeles to visit some patients and tells Eric that she and Thorne broke up. Eric asks her to stay in Los Angeles, telling her that LA is the place where she has to live, but she refuses and returns to Paris. Before her leaving, Eric kisses Taylor on her cheek, still showing some feelings for her. In April 2018, Taylor returns to Los Angeles, where she confronts Bill for taking advantage of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156813",
"score": "1.1222131",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "with 9 Lives: Death is Not Forever in Soaps\" after her airplane crash in 1994 resulted in her assumed death. Debashine Thangevelo of Independent Online observed, \"Tylo is an actress who wields as much influence in the world of soaps as Taylor Hayes in \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Having inhabited this role for almost two decades, barring a sabbatical, she has made an indelible impression on viewers.\" In 2008, Darren Lomas from Daytime Confidential wrote, \"The back-from-death version of Taylor is a whole lot more horny than she was back in the day. Is it all because she never",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156849",
"score": "1.1123077",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had mutually agreed that the character was played out, and Taylor was subsequently killed off, last appearing that October. Tylo returned in 2004, reprising Taylor as a ghost. She returned on a permanent basis in April 2005, with the character revealed to be alive. Tylo exited \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" again in July 2013, but returned for multiple guest appearances in 2014. She returned again in April 2018 on a recurring basis until in December 2018 she was upped to a series regular. Described as a world-renowned psychiatrist based in Los Angeles, Taylor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156799",
"score": "1.1103959",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "the world of the beyond\", leading fans to speculate whether either Macy Alexander (Bobbie Eakes) or Taylor would be returning. Taylor was revealed to be alive, with Tylo returning on-screen during the April 25, 2005 episode. She was said to be \"having fun surprising her castmates\" with her reappearance on set. The show's producers wanted to keep her on-screen return a secret, with Tylo wearing a wig when travelling to the set, and the character's name being changed on scripts. In May 2013, Tylo announced online that she was exiting the soap, possibly for good. In a post on her",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156819",
"score": "1.1101303",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "set, she said: \"It was just so out of the blue (...) They had me hidden away...I had a code name...They kept it quiet from everybody.\" On December 18, 2018 Tylo was added to the opening credits and she apparead as a series regular. Taylor is a globally renowned psychiatrist and works at the UCLA Medical Center. When she debuted, the character emerged as the \"good girl\" alongside other female characters, but still had a strong demeanor. Network Ten writes: \"This Freudian Doc always seems to lose out to Brooke when it comes to matters of the heart. Taylor is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156822",
"score": "1.0974126",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "\"Favorite Hottest Female Star\" at the 1995 Soap Opera Digest Awards, however Kristina Wagner of \"General Hospital\" won. Tylo was nominated for the same award at the 1999 Soap Opera Digest Awards (\"Days Of Our Lives\" star Kristian Alfonso won that year). The actress received a Telvis Award for Foreign Female TV Performer (Finnish: Ulkomainen naisesiintyjä) in 2002 for the role. \"Daily Mail\" described the Brooke, Ridge and Taylor love triangle as \"epic\". Widely famed, the triangle was seen by \"Soap Opera Digest\" as one of the genre's greatest during the early 1990s. In 1991, John Goudas of \"The Gadsden",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156851",
"score": "1.0935566",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on Melrose Place, where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "is Ridge Forrester (Ronn Moss). The couple faces challenges at first, such as interference from their respective exes, Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) and Blake Hayes (Peter Brown), and Ridge's mother, Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery), initially disliking Taylor. By July 1991, John Goudas of \"The Gadsden Times\" wrote that Taylor was \"hooked\" by Ridge but was \"no-nonsense\". Taylor refuses to marry Ridge unless he was serious about the end of his relationship with Brooke; Goudas noted that Taylor wanted \"insurance\" and deemed her \"upfront\" approach as the \"polar opposite\" to that of Brooke. Ridge and Taylor ultimately marry in 1992.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156828",
"score": "1.0918562",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "returned to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" for a number of guest appearances. She made a one-episode appearance which aired on February 28, 2014. The actress then made several guest appearances in April and May 2014, for a May sweeps story arc which revisited Taylor's accidental killing of Darla years earlier, with Darla's now teen daughter Aly (Ashlyn Pearce) struggling to deal with the issue of her mother's death. Tylo appeared again on November 5, 12 and 24 2014. Tylo made a surprise return to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" on April 12, 2018. Discussing her secret return to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156821",
"score": "1.0877714",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "as sophisticated and intelligent as they come, always able to analyze the problems of others, and sometimes even her own.\" The writers wanted Taylor to retain a \"pristine\" and \"well-mannered\" personality, according to Tylo, to contrast her from rival Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang) who was \"feisty and reckless\", the different facets which attracted Ridge to each of them. However, Tylo criticized a storyline in 2000 where Ridge is tricked into sleeping with his mentally unstable high school lover Morgan DeWitt (Sarah G. Buxton), who becomes pregnant with his child. She said: \"I just wish that Taylor would get a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156823",
"score": "1.086977",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Felisha Cooper",
"text": "Felisha Cooper Felisha Cooper (born September 8, 1992) is an American actress. She is known for her role as Sasha Thompson on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Cooper was born on September 8, 1992 in Fayetteville, North Carolina to Kimberly Gibson (née Johnson), a culinary teacher and the late Gene Cooper, a drill sergeant for the United States Army. She has two siblings, an older sister, Paris and a younger brother, Bobby. With her first known television appearance being as a contestant on Celebrity Name Game, Cooper was discovered by manager Elaine Lively just three weeks after moving to Los",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18090046",
"score": "1.0849845",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "MacKenzie Mauzy",
"text": "MacKenzie Mauzy MacKenzie Grace Mauzy (born October 14, 1988) is an American actress. Mauzy was born in Greensboro, North Carolina and raised in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. She played the role of Phoebe Forrester on CBS soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" until December 2008 (she joined the cast on July 11, 2006). She also played Lizzie Spaulding on the CBS soap \"Guiding Light\" from October 2000 to August 2002. She has also guest starred on CBS's \"\", \"\" and NBC's \"\". Before launching her acting career, Mauzy worked in New York City, Virginia, and North Carolina in stage productions of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8389669",
"score": "1.0800257",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "Carter (Kimberlin Brown) who is criminally insane has broken out of jail. She tries to warn Eric, but instead is shot by Sheila while shielding Brooke. Taylor survives emergency surgery but dies in Ridge's arms due to heart failure. In 2005, Taylor re-appears at Bridget Forrester (Ashley Jones) and Nick Marone's (Jack Wagner) wedding ceremony and is soon revealed to be alive. She had been removed from the hospital by Prince Omar after her apparent death and was kept alive in a coma before waking up. Taylor learns that Ridge is now married to Brooke and they share a son",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156807",
"score": "1.0763031",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "try not looking so perfect so much.\" Between 2014 and 2018, the character was off-screen, said to be living in Paris, where Tylo felt that she was \"declining\", noting: \"I think with all she’s been through, she would probably have no choice but to deteriorate.\" Reflecting on Taylor being revealed as Bill Spencer Jr.'s (Don Diamont) shooter, Tylo loved \"the idea of a crazy psychiatrist\", \"I’ve always said that Taylor is the good doc who can’t take her medicine; that’s how I’ve always described her, and this story just gives her so many things to do.\" Taylor's major love interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156827",
"score": "1.0698688",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "was introduced to facilitate social issues and act as a romantic lead. In her early years, the character was characterized as being \"pristine\" and the \"good girl\" of the show. Most of her history has revolved around her relationship with love interest Ridge Forrester. Tylo emerged as a fan favorite in the 1990s, with Ridge and Taylor considered a soap opera supercouple. Taylor rivaled Brooke Logan for Ridge's affections, with a love triangle between the three becoming a focus on the soap opera for many years. The rivalry between Brooke and Taylor has received considerable fan attention and divided audience",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156800",
"score": "1.0685365",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "\"chemistry is magnificent\". Whip was previously involved with Brooke; Garret wrote: \"Now he's in love with Brooke's mortal enemy Taylor Hayes Forrester... Hearst is magnificently suited for the role and fans want to see Whip and Taylor find happiness. At least for a few months.\" Of their romance, Tylo said: \"I think Taylor has found true love with Whip. I think if she was a smart psychiatrist, and able to apply her knowledge in her own world, she would be with Whip. She would know this is a healthy relationship. But Taylor doesn’t see it. She still wants to fix",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156839",
"score": "1.051272",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "Taylor has been romantically linked to Ridge's half-brother Thorne (Winsor Harmon) multiple times. They were briefly involved from 1997 to 1998, when Ridge is in jail and urges Taylor to forget about him. Taylor also briefly lies about Thorne being Thomas' father. After accidentally killing Thorne's wife Darla in 2006, Taylor falls in love with Thorne, who is \"forgiving and loving\" towards her, even helping her attend AA. They nearly marry, but split up due to his then 4-year-old daughter Alexandria Forrester learning that Taylor killed Darla. Of working with Tylo, Harmon said, \"I am so comfortable with Hunter. We",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156834",
"score": "1.0447708",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "that Brad has decided to kill off the character Taylor. He feels the character is too good and has too much integrity to take her down other pathsin a word, played out.\" The actress confessed that she was unhappy with her character's direction at the time of her exit, saying: \"I really felt like Taylor had lost the wind from her sails and was going nowhere.\" Tylo said that \"It just seemed like everything had to do with whether or not there was a woman after her husband\" and that she was \"done with it\", revealing that her unhappiness with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156846",
"score": "1.0429741",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "together. Ridge cannot decide between the two women, but after Stephanie fakes a heart attack and convinces him to choose Taylor, they renew their vows. Stephanie's lie is revealed; Taylor and Ridge work on their marriage, but after she kisses Hector Ramirez (Lorenzo Lamas) and confesses her infidelity with James years ago to Ridge, they divorce. Taylor becomes an alcoholic and while driving one night to Phoebe who is stranded on PCH, she accidentally hits Thorne's wife Darla Forrester (Schae Harrison) with her car. Darla dies from her injuries. Taylor bonds with Thorne and his daughter Aly, and they become",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156808",
"score": "1.0389005",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "beginning of the relationship, Michael Idato of \"The Sydney Morning Herald\" wrote, \"Taylor was Caroline's doctor, which made her affair with Ridge, as the bleep bleep machine was flatlining, slightly inappropriate. But then, nothing in daytime soap opera is ever appropriate.\" Their 1992 wedding was ranked at number 18 by \"The Huffington Post\" on a list of the \"Top 20 Most Memorable Soap Weddings of All Time\". Michael Fairman referred to Taylor and Thorne as \"the screwed-over couple of B&B\". Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful) Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156854",
"score": "1.0386428",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "Forrester (Ronn Moss) and his wife Caroline Spencer Forrester (Joanna Johnson) when Caroline is diagnosed with leukemia. After Caroline's death, Ridge takes interest in Taylor, to the dismay of his ex Brooke Logan (Katherine Kelly Lang). Storm (Brian Patrick Clarke) and Taylor briefly date and he proposes to her at Christmas 1990 but she refuses. Ridge and Taylor begin a relationship which is temporarily broken up by Brooke; Ridge follows Taylor to St. Thomas Island and successfully wins her back. The couple marry in 1992; Taylor befriends Ridge's overprotective mother Stephanie Forrester (Susan Flannery). In 1993 while trapped in a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156803",
"score": "1.0333884",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "lung cancer. In 2013, Thomas loses out on the top position at Forrester Creations to Rick and wants to leave town; Taylor persuades Eric Forrester (John McCook) to help Thomas. Soon, Taylor and Eric become romantically involved and she moves into the Forrester mansion. Taylor discovers that Brooke slept with Katie's husband Bill Spencer Jr. (Don Diamont) which resulted in a pregnancy (and miscarriage). Taylor reveals Brooke's secret at her birthday party in front of everyone, and abruptly leaves town afterward. In 2014, Taylor is now living Paris and has reunited with Thorne. The couple return to Los Angeles, but",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156812",
"score": "1.0322804",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Hunter Tylo",
"text": "several weeks story arc. In 1996, Tylo was cast in the primetime soap opera \"Melrose Place\" and opted to leave \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" to take the role. However, she was fired by \"Melrose Place\" producer Aaron Spelling prior to filming any episodes for the series, when she announced she was pregnant. The character she was to play, Taylor McBride, was recast, Lisa Rinna taking the role. Tylo quickly returned to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Tylo sued Spelling on grounds of discrimination for being pregnant and won $4.8 million from a Los Angeles jury. Spelling argued that Tylo's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3437891",
"score": "1.0306857",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "got over Ridge, her one true love?\" Chris Eades of \"CBS Soaps In Depth\" noted that \"Fans were absolutely stunned\" by the \"all-too-rare surprise\" of Taylor's 2018 return, writing: \"With Steffy in desperate need of support, it was the perfect time for Taylor to return to town and offer her daughter some help.\" Reacting to Taylor being revealed as Bill's shooter, \"Canyon News\" wrote: \"Tylo delivered some riveting scenes, as a mother concerned about her daughter’s well-being\", stating that her return \"causes all types of problems which make for interesting TV\". For her portrayal of Taylor, Tylo was nominated for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156850",
"score": "1.030392",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Kim Matula",
"text": "Kim Matula Kimberly Marie Matula (born August 23, 1988) is an American actress, best known for her role as Hope Logan in the CBS daytime soap opera \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Matula was born in Fort Worth, Texas to David and Karin Matula. She is of Norwegian ancestry. Matula has always dreamed of acting and created videos of her acting. She studied film at the University of Texas at Arlington, but dropped out because her acting career was taking off. In 2008, Matula appeared in the Lifetime movie \"Queen Sized\", and in next year moved to Los Angeles, then",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14822570",
"score": "1.0232055",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"text": "revealed to be alive in 2005. After three years in the role, Tylo had become a fan favorite with viewers. Marla Hart of the \"Chicago Tribune\" noted that she fit in well with the show's \"signature glamor casting\". Discussing Tylo's 1994 temporary exit, Kathleen Sloan of the \"Toronto Star\" observed that \"fans of the soap couldn't have been more open-mouthed\" over the matter. In 2004, \"Soaps In Depth\" called Taylor \"daytime's sexiest shrink\". Tommy Garret of \"Canyon News\" described Taylor as being the \"epitome of grace and dignity\". The character appeared on the \"Spartanburg Herald-Journal\" in an article titled \"Stars",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12156848",
"score": "1.0206221",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Clyde Kaplan",
"text": "Clyde Kaplan Clyde Kaplan is an American associate director of, and sound engineer for, \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". Previous television sound engineering credits of his include \"Hollywood Squares\". Having served as assistant engineer at A&M Studios from 1981 until 1986, Kaplan's sound engineering or mixing work includes Joni Mitchell's \"Wild Things Run Fast\", Barbra Streisand's \"Yentl\", The Carpenters' \"An Old Fashioned Christmas\", \"\", Vesta Williams' \"Vesta\", Johnny Gill's \"Chemistry\", and the \"We Are The World\" sessions. During this period, Kaplan also served as Engineer on The Rave-Ups' \"Town & Country\", the recording of which was recalled on September 19,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18288997",
"score": "1.018126",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
}
] |
{
"title": "Taylor Hayes (The Bold and the Beautiful)",
"long_answer": "Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on Melrose Place, where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had mutually agreed that the character was \"played out\", and Taylor was subsequently killed off, last appearing on October 30, 2002. Tylo returned in 2004, reprising Taylor as a ghost. She returned on a permanent basis in April 2005, with the character revealed to be alive. Tylo exited The Bold and the Beautiful again in July 2013, but returned for multiple guest appearances in 2014. She returned again in April 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Taylor Hayes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera The Bold and the Beautiful, portrayed by Hunter Tylo. The character was created by William J. Bell and debuted during the episode dated June 6, 1990. Tylo appeared as a regular continuously until 1994 when she took a hiatus for a few months before being written back into the series. In 1996, she left the serial after being cast on Melrose Place, where she was soon fired on the grounds of being pregnant, and returned shortly after. In 2002, Tylo and the show's executive producer Bradley Bell had",
"short_answers": [
"Hunter Tylo"
]
}
|
what do you call initials that stand for something
|
[
"acronym",
"An acronym"
] |
[
{
"title": "Name-letter effect",
"text": "name initials. No evidence was found, neither for a between-subjects effect (e.g. Judy did not like things starting with J, such as jam, more than Doug liked things starting with J), nor for a within-individuals effect (e.g. Judy did not like jam more than honey). The researchers did discover a small but reliable effect of initials on brand-name preferences within individuals (e.g. Hank did like Honda more than non-matching brands). They speculated that brand names are more likely to communicate identity to others than other everyday things. Stieger extended this research by looking at buying preferences for product names. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11183400",
"score": "0.73454624",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Proper noun",
"text": "and the like, some proper names contain no noun and are not formed as noun phrases (the film \"Being There\"; \"Hi De Ho\" as a nickname for Cab Calloway and as the title of a film about him). Proper names are also referred to (by linguists) as \"naming expressions\". Sometimes they are called simply \"names\"; but that term is also used more broadly (as in \"\"chair\" is the name for something we sit on\"); the latter type of name is called a \"common name\" to distinguish it from a \"proper name\". Common nouns are frequently used as components of proper",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "709188",
"score": "0.7330452",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Hungarian orthography",
"text": "some abbreviations created from lowercase words use the uppercase (e.g. \"Ny < nyugat\" ‘west’). Units of measurement are used in accordance with the international standard, depending on whether the sign comes from a common name \"(m < méter)\" or a proper name (\"N < newton\" after Isaac Newton). Standard forms of abbreviations are not to be altered even in full-capitalized inscriptions (\"ÁRA: 100 Ft\" ‘PRICE: 100 HUF’). Some abbreviations are written without a full stop, such as names of currencies, cardinal and ordinal directions, country codes of cars, codes of country names, chemical, physical, mathematicals symbols, symbols of units, etc.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7931922",
"score": "0.73003805",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Acronym",
"text": "are familiar but are not pronounceable as words. ... Such terms are also called \"initialisms\".\" A clearer distinction has also been drawn by Pyles & Algeo (1970), who divided \"acronyms\" as a general category into \"word acronyms\" pronounced as words, and \"initialisms\" sounded out as letters. There is no special term for abbreviations whose pronunciation involves the combination of letter names and words or word-like pronunciations of strings of letters, such as \"JPEG\" and \"MS-DOS\" . There is also some disagreement as to what to call abbreviations that some speakers pronounce as letters and others pronounce as a word. For",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3882185",
"score": "0.7199895",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Abbreviator",
"text": "Martin V their signature was essential to the validity of the acts of the Chancery. Over time they obtained many important privileges. Abbreviators make an abridgment or abstract of a long writing or discourse by contracting the parts, i. e., the words and sentences; an abbreviated form of writing common among the ancient Romans. Abbreviations were of two kinds: the use of a single letter for a single word and the use of a sign, note, or mark for a word or phrase. The Emperor Justinian forbade the use of abbreviations in the compilation of the \"Digest\" and afterward extended",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "25768",
"score": "0.7188357",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Slang abbreviation",
"text": "a documentary. The \"F word\" sometimes means \"fuck\", but is also the name of a cooking show, The F-Word, and sometimes has even been used to mean \"feminism\". The L Word is the name of a TV series, but has also been used to mean \"love\" This is strange because the word usually imposes a positive effect on those who hear it, but positive or negative, it's a strong word, and sometimes those emotions aren't wanted in the conversation. Slang abbreviation Offensive words are often abbreviated for politeness, or decency. This is not limited to slang, or words that are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6754033",
"score": "0.7151793",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Scribal abbreviation",
"text": "runes were used in text written in the Latin alphabet, which are ᚠ for \"fé\" \"cattle, goods\" and ᛘ for \"maðr\" \"man\". Cappelli divides abbreviations into six overlapping categories: Suspended terms are those of which only the first part is written, and the last part is substituted by a mark, which can be of two types: The largest class of suspensions consists of single letters standing in for words that begin with that letter. A dot at the baseline after a capital letter may stand for a title if it is used such as in front of names or a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4021270",
"score": "0.71473384",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Hungarian orthography",
"text": "account’). Acronyms are classified into two groups: those consisting only of initials (\"betűszók\" lit. ‘letter-words’), and those consisting parts of the original word (\"szóösszevonások\" ‘word contractions’). The first group is divided again by whether they denote proper names (written in uppercase, e.g. \"ENSZ < Egyesült Nemzetek Szövetsége\" ‘United Nations Organization’, note that both letters of the digraphs \"SZ\" are capitalized) or common names (written in lowercase, e.g. \"vb < végrehajtó bizottság\" ‘executive committee’, note that it is written as one word despite the two elements). Some acronyms created from common names are still written in uppercase, though, especially in sciences",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7931924",
"score": "0.7144222",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "NATO phonetic alphabet",
"text": "Passenger Name Records (PNRs) internally, and in some cases, with customers. It is often used in a medical context as well, to avoid confusion when transmitting information. Several letter codes and abbreviations using the spelling alphabet have become well-known, such as Bravo Zulu (letter code BZ) for \"well done\", Checkpoint Charlie (Checkpoint C) in Berlin, and Zulu Time for Greenwich Mean Time or Coordinated Universal Time. During the Vietnam War, the U.S. government referred to the Viet Cong guerrillas and the group itself as VC, or Victor Charlie; the name \"Charlie\" became synonymous with this force. The final choice of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "691814",
"score": "0.71439755",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Acronym",
"text": "An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Theory of Deadly Initials",
"text": "people who were born in a given year. Theory of Deadly Initials The Theory of Deadly Initials was an hypothesis published in the \"Journal of Psychosomatic Research\" in 1999, which proposed that there is a link between the lifespan of human males and their initials. The research, carried out by psychologists Nicholas Christenfeld, David Phillips and Laura Glynn, and published in the paper \"What's in a Name: Mortality and the Power of Symbols\", suggested that men with \"negative\" sets of initials (e.g. DIE or PIG) have, on average, a shorter lifespan than those with \"positive\" initials (e.g. ACE, VIP). The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8054902",
"score": "0.71204007",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Pseudonym",
"text": "Ramones also had every member take the last name of Ramone. Henry John Deutschendorf Jr., an American singer-songwriter used the stage name John Denver. The Australian country musician born Robert Lane changed his name to Tex Morton. Reginald Kenneth Dwight legally changed his name to Elton John in 1972. Pseudonym A pseudonym () or alias () is a name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from their first or true name (orthonym). Pseudonyms include stage names and user names, ring names, pen names, nicknames, aliases, superhero or villain identities and code names, gamer",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "512439",
"score": "0.71058345",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "NATO reporting name",
"text": "conversation, and be easier to memorise. For fixed-wing aircraft, single-syllable words denoted piston-prop and turboprop, while multiple-syllable words denoted jets. Bombers had names starting with the letter \"B\" and names like \"Badger\" (2 syllables: jet), \"Bear\" (single syllable: propeller), and \"Blackjack\" were used. \"Frogfoot,\" the reporting name for the Sukhoi Su-25, references the aircraft's close air support role. Transports had names starting with \"C\" (as in \"cargo\"), which resulted in names like \"Condor\" or \"Candid\". The initial letter of the name indicated the use of that equipment. The first letter indicates the type of aircraft, like \"B\"ear for a bomber",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "293829",
"score": "0.71002793",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Epigraphy",
"text": "spread hand, the fingers and so on. Apart from numerals, the use of initials in the place of complete words was not common in early times. It became, however, very frequent in Roman inscriptions, which sometimes are made up almost entirely of such abbreviations and can only be understood by those familiar with the formulae. A list of the commonest of these will be found under list of classical abbreviations. Compendia or monograms also occur in later Greek and Roman times, and become very common and very difficult to interpret in early Christian and Byzantine inscriptions. Some kind of punctuation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2547273",
"score": "0.70992583",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Nickname",
"text": "pseudonym. A bardic name may also result from a nickname. Many writers have pen names which they use instead of their real names. Famous writers with a pen name go as far back as Plato (according to a late tradition) and Paul, and see also this List of pen names. It is not uncommon for sportspeople or a sports team to have nicknames. Some, such as those of sports clubs or athletic teams, are official while others are adopted over time. In the context of information technology, a nickname (usually called a nick) is a common synonym for the \"screen",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "641166",
"score": "0.7098775",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Å",
"text": "by choice, usually in order to convey an impression of old-fashionedness or traditionality. The double A, representing a single sound, is usually kept in initials e.g. for people whose first, middle, and/or last name begins with the double A. Accordingly, a man named \"Hans Aagard Hauge\" would spell his initials \"H. Aa. H.\" (not \"H. A. H.\" or \"H. Å. H.\"), while a woman named Aase Vestergaard would spell her initials \"Aa. V.\" (not \"A. V.\" or \"Å. V.\"). Correct alphabetization in Danish and Norwegian places Å as the last letter in the alphabet, the sequence being Æ, Ø, Å.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1544858",
"score": "0.70814955",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "American and British English spelling differences",
"text": "pronounced as words are often written in title case by Commonwealth writers, but usually as upper case by Americans: for example, \"Nasa / NASA\" or \"Unicef / UNICEF\". This does not apply to abbreviations that are pronounced as individual letters (referred to by some as \"initialisms\"), such as \"US\", \"IBM\", or \"PRC\" (the People's Republic of China), which are virtually always written as upper case. However, sometimes title case is still used in the UK, such as \"Pc\" (Police Constable). Contractions where the final letter is present are often written in British English without full stops/periods (\"Mr\", \"Mrs\", \"Dr\", \"St\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5329875",
"score": "0.7071996",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Acronym",
"text": "subsidiary BMO Bank of Montreal. Another common example is \"RAM memory\", which is redundant because \"RAM\" (\"random-access memory\") includes the initial of the word \"memory\". \"PIN\" stands for \"personal identification number\", obviating the second word in \"PIN number\"; in this case its retention may be motivated to avoid ambiguity with the homophonous word \"pin\". Other examples include \"ATM machine\", \"EAB bank\", \"CableACE Award\", \"DC Comics\", \"HIV virus\", Microsoft's NT Technology, and the formerly redundant \"SAT test\", now simply \"SAT Reasoning Test\"). TNN (The Nashville/National Network) also renamed itself \"The New TNN\" for a brief interlude. Sometimes, the initials continue to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3882222",
"score": "0.70624363",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "J. I. Albrecht",
"text": "Albrecht has claimed over the years that his initials have stood for nothing. However, in an interview with the \"Ottawa Sun\" he revealed that they stand for Just Incredible. When he was born, he said, there were complications which led the delivering doctor to fear that he or his mother would die at his birth, and asked his father who he wanted to live, the baby or the mother. His father said \"both.\" Both mother and son survived, and in commemoration the parents selected the unusual name. However, they were not allowed to use it on his birth certificate, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10418226",
"score": "0.7058524",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Character (symbol)",
"text": "or branded mark\"). The word was used in the sense of letter or grapheme by William Caxton, referring to the Phoenician alphabet, \"The Fenyces were the fyrst inuentours of dyfferencing that one fro that other, of whiche were fourmed lettres for to write\" (\"Eneydos\" 6.25). As in Greek, the word was used especially for foreign or mysterious graphemes (such as Chinese, Syriac, or Runic ones) as opposed to the familiar \"letters\"; in particular of shorthand (in \"David Copperfield\" (chapter 38) sarcastically of shorthand, \"a procession of new horrors, called arbitrary characters; the most despotic characters I have ever known\"), and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10235794",
"score": "0.70567477",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Initial",
"text": "Initials containing, typically, plant-form spirals with small figures of animals or humans that do not represent a specific person or scene are known as \"inhabited\" initials. Certain important initials, such as the Beatus initial or \"B\" of \"Beatus vir...\" at the opening of Psalm 1 at the start of a vulgate Latin psalter, could occupy a whole page of a manuscript. These specific initials, in an illuminated manuscript, also were called Initiums. The classical tradition was slow to use capital letters for initials at all; in surviving Roman texts it often is difficult even to separate the words as spacing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7495425",
"score": "0.70458883",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "English alphabet",
"text": "another word (for example, \"résumé\" (or \"resumé\") rather than \"resume\"), and, rarely, even added (as in \"maté\", from Spanish \"yerba mate\", but following the pattern of \"café\", from French). Occasionally, especially in older writing, diacritics are used to indicate the syllables of a word: \"cursed\" (verb) is pronounced with one syllable, while \"cursèd\" (adjective) is pronounced with two. \"È\" is used widely in poetry, e.g. in Shakespeare's sonnets. J.R.R. Tolkien uses \"ë\", as in \"O wingëd crown\". Similarly, while in \"chicken coop\" the letters \"-oo-\" represent a single vowel sound (a digraph), in obsolete spellings such as \"zoölogist\" and \"coöperation\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2335323",
"score": "0.7040515",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Abbreviation",
"text": "be avoided. This might be done to save time and space, and also to provide secrecy. Shortened words were used and initial letters were commonly used to represent words in specific applications. In classical Greece and Rome, the reduction of words to single letters was common. In Roman inscriptions, \"Words were commonly abbreviated by using the initial letter or letters of words, and most inscriptions have at least one abbreviation.\" However, \"some could have more than one meaning, depending on their context. (For example, \"A\" can be an abbreviation for many words, such as \"ager\", \"amicus\", \"annus\", \"as\", \"Aulus\", \"Aurelius\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11974",
"score": "0.7020792",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Monikers",
"text": "of an unknown origin that may be based on the word monk because monks take names with their vows. •Decades before spray paint, hobos and railroad workers left their marks on freight trains. •A possible inspiration for monikers was an inspector who worked for the navy who wrote \"Kilroy Was Here\" and drew the Kilroy character on the ships to say that the ship passed inspection. •Hobos also used signs to indicate or give directions for things like if a person would give them a meal and a bed for the night or if a person didn't want them to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15641678",
"score": "0.70182216",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Polish alphabet",
"text": "above, except as part of certain lexicalized abbreviations, such as Pekao (or PeKaO), the name of a bank, which represents the spoken form of the abbreviation P.K.O. (for \"Polska Kasa Opieki\"). Some letters may be referred to in alternative ways, often consisting of just the sound of the letter. For example, Y may be called \"y\" rather than \"igrek\" (from \"Greek i\"). When giving the spelling of words, certain letters may be said in more emphatic ways to distinguish them from other identically pronounced characters. For example, H may be referred to as \"samo ha\" (\"H alone\") to distinguish it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2341430",
"score": "0.70074856",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Nomenclature",
"text": "family name; in Iceland the given name is used with the patronym, or matronym (a name derived from the given name of the mother), and surnames are rarely used. Nicknames (sometimes called hypocoristic names) are informal names used mostly between friends. The distinction between proper names and common names is that proper names denote a unique entity e.g. London Bridge, while common names are used in a more general sense in reference to a class of objects e.g. bridge. Many proper names are obscure in meaning as they lack any apparent meaning in the way that ordinary words mean, probably",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2382240",
"score": "0.69881594",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Dash",
"text": "named for a parallel/coordinate relationship between two people (for example, Bose and Einstein) and something named for a single person who had a compound surname, which may be written with a hyphen or a space but not an en dash (for example, the Lennard-Jones potential [hyphen] is named after one person (Mr. John Lennard-Jones), as are Bence Jones proteins and Hughlings Jackson syndrome [space]). Copyeditors use dictionaries (general, medical, biographical, and geographical) to confirm the eponymity (and thus the styling) for specific terms, given that no one can know them all offhand. The preference for an en dash instead of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12375580",
"score": "0.6985713",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Nomenclature",
"text": "other special properties (\"sting ray\", \"poison apple\", \"giant stinking hogweed\", \"hammerhead shark\"). These noun-adjective binomials are just like our own names with a family or surname like \"Simpson\" and another adjectival Christian or forename name that specifies which Simpson, say \"Homer Simpson\". It seems reasonable to assume that the form of scientific names we call binomial nomenclature is derived from this simple and practical way of constructing common names - but with the use of Latin as a universal language. In keeping with the \"utilitarianist\" view other authors maintain that ethnotaxonomies resemble more a \"complex web of resemblances\" than a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2382235",
"score": "0.6977215",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Spelling alphabet",
"text": "first names. Also, during the Vietnam war, soldiers used 'Cain' instead of 'Charlie' because 'Charlie' meant Viet Cong (Charlie being short for Victor Charlie, the International alphabet spelling of the initials VC). Spelling alphabet A spelling alphabet, word-spelling alphabet, voice procedure alphabet, radio alphabet, or telephone alphabet is a set of words used to stand for the letters of an alphabet in oral communication. A large number of spelling alphabets have been developed over the past hundred-plus years, with the first ones being used to overcome problems with the early wired telephone networks, and the later ones being focused on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8799826",
"score": "0.69765496",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Abbreviation",
"text": "of the parts. A contraction of a word is made by omitting certain letters or syllables and bringing together the first and last letters or elements; an abbreviation may be made by omitting certain portions from the interior or by cutting off a part. A contraction is an abbreviation, but an abbreviation is not necessarily a contraction. Acronyms and initialisms are regarded as subsets of abbreviations (e.g. by the Council of Science Editors). They are abbreviations that consist of the initial letters or parts of words. Abbreviations have a long history, created so that spelling out a whole word could",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11973",
"score": "0.69756746",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Acronym",
"long_answer": "An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).",
"chunked_long_answer": "An acronym is a word or name formed as an abbreviation from the initial components in a phrase or a word, usually individual letters (as in NATO or laser) and sometimes syllables (as in Benelux).",
"short_answers": [
"An acronym",
"acronym"
]
}
|
who expanded the palace of versailles to its present size
|
[
"Louis XIV",
"Louis XV"
] |
[
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "a grand scale. The first phase of the expansion (c. 1661–1678) was designed and supervised by the architect Louis Le Vau. Initially he added two wings to the forecourt, one for servants quarters and kitchens, the other for stables. In 1668 he added three new wings built of stone, known as the \"envelope\", to the north, south and west (the garden side) of the original château. These buildings had nearly-flat roofs covered with lead. The king also commissioned the landscape designer André Le Nôtre to create the most magnificent gardens in Europe, embellished with fountains, statues, basins, canals, geometric flower",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642822",
"score": "1.0928324",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Palace of Fontainebleau",
"text": "Palace of Fontainebleau The Palace of Fontainebleau (; ) or Château de Fontainebleau, located southeast of the center of Paris, in the commune of Fontainebleau, is one of the largest French royal châteaux. The medieval castle and subsequent palace served as a residence for the French monarchs from Louis VII to Napoleon III. Francis I and Napoleon were the monarchs who had the most influence on the Palace as it stands today. . It is now a national museum and a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The earliest record of a fortified castle at Fontaineau dates to 1137. It became a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "858541",
"score": "1.0270807",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"text": "prosperity to the village but, following an outbreak of the Plague and the Hundred Years' War, the village was largely destroyed, and its population sharply declined. In 1575, Albert de Gondi, a naturalized Florentine who gained prominence at the court of Henry II, purchased the seigneury of Versailles. In the early seventeenth century, Gondi invited Louis XIII on several hunting trips in the forests surrounding Versailles. Pleased with the location, Louis ordered the construction of a hunting lodge in 1624. Designed by Philibert Le Roy, the structure, a small château, was constructed of stone and red brick, with a based",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16429241",
"score": "1.0075251",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Richard Mique",
"text": "the historian of the Château de Versailles, in \"Le Trianon de Marie-Antoinette\" (1914), found Mique to have been \"un artiste savant, habile, et digne de plus de gloire\" A street in the city of Versailles commemorates his name. Richard Mique Richard Mique () (18 September 1728 – 8 July 1794) was a neoclassical French architect born in Lorraine. He is most remembered for his picturesque hamlet, the \"Hameau de la Reine\" — not particularly characteristic of his working style — for Marie Antoinette in the \"Petit Trianon\" gardens within the estate of Palace of Versailles. Richard Mique was born at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9422968",
"score": "1.003156",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Queen of Versailles",
"text": "the Versailles house, a vast mansion named after the Palace of Versailles. Located on the outskirts of Orlando, it would be one of the largest single-family detached homes in the United States if completed (the largest being North Carolina's Biltmore Estate at 178,926 square feet). However, Siegel's company is badly affected by the Great Recession in 2008 and his family struggles to cope with their reduced income. Construction on the new house is halted, most of their servants are laid off and their pets are neglected. David retreats into his office, determined to save his Las Vegas property venture: PH",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16610698",
"score": "1.0025743",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Versailles, Yvelines",
"text": "seigneury of Versailles. Henceforth Versailles was the possession of the Gondi family, a family of wealthy and influential parliamentarians at the \"Parlement\" of Paris. Several times during the 1610s, the de Gondis invited King Louis XIII to hunt in the large forests around Versailles. In 1622, the king purchased a parcel of forest for his private hunting. In 1624, he acquired more and entrusted Philibert Le Roy with the construction of a small hunting lodge of red bricks and stone with a slate roof. In 1632, the king bought the totality of the land and seigneury of Versailles from Jean-François",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "448823",
"score": "1.0003276",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Hector Lefuel",
"text": "Hector Lefuel Hector-Martin Lefuel (Versailles, 14 November 1810 – Paris, 31 December 1880) was a French architect, best known for the completion of the Palais du Louvre, including the reconstruction of the Pavillon de Flore after a disastrous fire. He was the son of Alexandre Henry Lefuel (1782-1850), an entrepreneurial speculative builder established in the town of Versailles, who was admitted to the École des Beaux-Arts in 1829; there he studied with Jean-Nicolas Huyot and in 1833 he received second place in the Prix de Rome competition. A winner of the Prix de Rome in 1839, he spent the years",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11966184",
"score": "0.9949307",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "had lost over 10,000 trees during Hurricane Lothar on 26 December 1999. One part of the initiative, the restoration of the Hall of Mirrors, was completed in 2006. Another major project was the further restoration of the backstage areas Royal Opera of Versailles, which was completed in 2009. The Palace of Versailles is owned by the French state. Its formal title is the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles Since 1995, it has been run as a Public Establishment, with an independent administration and management supervised by the French Ministry of Culture. The current Chairperson",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642847",
"score": "0.99443984",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"text": "well as a symbol of the system of absolute monarchy of the Ancien Régime. The earliest mention of the name of Versailles is found in a document which predates 1038, the Charte de l'abbaye Saint-Père de Chartres (Charter of the Saint-Père de Chartres Abbey), in which one of the signatories was a certain Hugo de Versailliis (Hugues de Versailles), who was seigneur of Versailles. During this period, the village of Versailles centred on a small castle and church, and the area was governed by a local lord. Its location on the road from Paris to Dreux and Normandy brought some",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16429240",
"score": "0.99009264",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"text": "Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect Louis Le Vau, landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and painter-decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "Princess Marie-Adélaïde of Savoy, \"duchesse de Bourgogne\", wife of the Petit Dauphin, occupied these rooms from 1697 (the year of her marriage) to her death in 1712. The construction of the Hall of Mirrors between 1678 and 1686 coincided with a major alteration to the State Apartments. They were originally intended as his residence, but the King transformed them into galleries for his finest paintings, and venues for his many receptions for courtiers. During the season from All-Saints Day in November until Easter, these were usually held three times a week, from six to ten in the evening, with various",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642855",
"score": "0.989042",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Style Louis XIV",
"text": "success.\" The Gardens of Versailles, created by André Le Nôtre between 1662 and 1700, were the greatest achievement of the Garden à la francaise. They were the largest gardens in Europe – with an area of 15,000 hectares, and were laid out on an east–west axis followed the course of the sun: the sun rose over the Court of Honor, lit the Marble Court, crossed the Chateau and lit the bedroom of the King, and set at the end of the Grand Canal, reflected in the mirrors of the Hall of Mirrors. In contrast with the grand perspectives, reaching to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20515167",
"score": "0.9861052",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "for the King's relaxation in the hot summers. It was surrounded by flowerbeds and decorated entirely with blue and white porcelain, in imitation of the Chinese style. The King increasingly spent his days in Versailles, and the government, court, and courtiers, numbering six to seven thousand persons, crowded into the buildings. The King ordered a further enlargement, which he entrusted to the young architect Jules Hardouin-Mansart. Hadouin-Mansart added two large new wings on either side of the original Cour Royale (Royal Courtyard). He also replaced Le Vau's large terrace, facing the garden on the west, with what became the most",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642826",
"score": "0.9860401",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Hôtel Matignon",
"text": "the marshy terrain chosen as the new building site. Henceforth the \"Noble Faubourg\" gained a new lease on life, the proximity of Versailles being irresistible for an aristocracy who lived exclusively by and for the Court. On 30 September 1717, Christian-Louis de Montmorency Luxembourg, Prince of Tigny and Marshal of France, purchased, for the sum of 91 Livres, 2869 toises (30,000 m²) of land along the Rue de Varenne. He was a lover of gardens and intended to create a country park. In 1722, he commissioned a little-known architect, Jean Courtonne, to conceive and construct a mansion. His success in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2912739",
"score": "0.9855293",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "Charles Le Brun. Le Brun supervised the work of a large group of sculptors and painters, called the \"Petite Academie\", who crafted and painted the ornate walls and ceilings. Le Brun also supervised the design and installation of countless statues in the gardens. The grand stairway to the King's apartment was soon redecorated almost as soon as it was completed with plaques of colored marble and trophies of arms, tapestries, and balconies, so the members of the court could observe the processions of the King. In 1670, Le Vau added a new pavilion northwest of the chateau, called the Trianon,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642825",
"score": "0.98533046",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Chapels of Versailles",
"text": "took place on Pentecost, Juin 8, 1710; the organist was Jean-Baptiste Buterne. Books Journals Chapels of Versailles The present chapel of the Palace of Versailles is the fifth in the history of the palace. These chapels evolved with the expansion of the château and formed the focal point of the daily life of the court during the Ancien Régime (Bluche, 1986, 1991; Petitfils, 1995; Solnon, 1987). The château's first chapel dated from the time of Louis XIII, and was located in a detached pavilion at the northeast of the château. Today, the \"pièce de la vaisselle d'or\" in the \"Petit",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11541197",
"score": "0.98001516",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Louvre Palace",
"text": "by Jean Bullant. The Bourbons took control of France in 1589. During his reign (1589–1610), Henry IV began his \"Grand Design\" to remove remnants of the medieval fortress, to increase the \"Cour Carrée\"'s area, and to create a link between the Palais des Tuileries and the Louvre. The link was completed via the \"Grande Galerie\" by architects Jacques II Androuet du Cerceau and Louis Métezeau. More than a quarter of a mile long and one hundred feet wide, this huge addition was built along the bank of the Seine; at the time of its completion it was the longest building",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8317002",
"score": "0.9793856",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "great. Neither he nor his successor Charles X lived at Versailles. The French Revolution of 1830 brought a new monarch, Louis-Philippe to power, and a new ambition for Versailles. He did not reside at Versailles, but began the creation of the Museum of the History of France, dedicated to \"all the glories of France\", located in the south wing of the Palace, which had been used to house some members of the royal family. The museum was begun in 1833 and inaugurated on 30 June 1837. Its most famous room is the Galerie des Batailles (Hall of Battles), which lies",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642837",
"score": "0.9787183",
"original_retrieval_index": 44
},
{
"title": "Palace of Versailles",
"text": "beds and groves of trees. He also added two grottos in the Italian style and an immense orangerie to house fruit trees, as well as a zoo with a central pavilion for exotic animals. After Le Vau's death in 1670, the work was taken over and completed by his assistant François d'Orbay. The main floor (above the ground floor) of the new palace contained two symmetrical sets of apartments, one for the king and the other for the queen, looking over the gardens. The two apartments were separated by a marble terrace, overlooking the garden, with a fountain in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "642823",
"score": "0.97543615",
"original_retrieval_index": 48
},
{
"title": "Baroque",
"text": "Mansart and Robert de Cotte, whose work included the Galerie des Glaces and the Grand Trianon at Versailles (1687–1688). Mansart was also responsible for the Baroque-classicism of the Place Vendôme (1686–1699). The major work of the period was the Palace of Versailles, begun in 1661 by Le Vau with decoration by the painter Charles Le Brun. The gardens were designed by André Le Nôtre specifically to complement and amplify the architecture. The Galerie des Glaces (Hall of Mirrors), the centerpiece of the château, with paintings by Le Brun, was constructed between 1678 and 1686. Mansart completed the Grand Trianon in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "42979",
"score": "0.97539717",
"original_retrieval_index": 49
},
{
"title": "Versailles house",
"text": "Versailles house Versailles is an 85,000 square-foot house belonging to Westgate Resorts founder David Siegel and his wife Jackie Siegel. It is under construction at 6121 Kirkstone Lane, Windermere, Florida, in the gated community of Lake Butler Sound in Orange County, USA. Named and modeled after the Palace of Versailles in France, the completed project will be one of the largest single-family homes in the United States. It is designed as the primary residence of the Siegels and their children. Construction began in 2004. Work stalled in 2009 with 60% completed as Siegel's company encountered financial difficulties. The house was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16693309",
"score": "0.9753462",
"original_retrieval_index": 50
},
{
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"text": "XIV's; in a word, it is having given to this magnificent book that is called French history this magnificent binding that is called Versailles\" (Victor Hugo). Later, Balzac characterised the effort in less laudatory terms as the “hospital of the glories of France”. The southern wing (Aile du Midi) was given over to the Galerie des Batailles (Hall of Battles), which necessitated the demolition of most of the apartments of the Princes of the Blood who lived in this part of the palace during the Ancien Régime. The Galerie des Batailles was modeled on the Grande Galerie of the Louvre",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16429274",
"score": "0.9746216",
"original_retrieval_index": 51
},
{
"title": "Versailles, Yvelines",
"text": "of Paris. In 1989, Versailles had a population density of 3,344/km (8,660/sq mi), whereas Paris had a density of 20,696/km (53,602/sq mi). Born out of the will of a king, the city has a rational and symmetrical grid of streets. By the standards of the 18th century, Versailles was a very modern European city. Versailles was used as a model for the building of Washington, D.C. by Pierre Charles L'Enfant. The name of Versailles appears for the first time in a medieval document dated 1038. In the feudal system of medieval France, the lords of Versailles came directly under the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "448820",
"score": "0.9733163",
"original_retrieval_index": 53
},
{
"title": "Gardens of Versailles",
"text": "Gardens of Versailles The Gardens of Versailles (; ) occupy part of what was once the \"Domaine royal de Versailles\", the royal demesne of the château of Versailles. Situated to the west of the palace, the gardens cover some 800 hectares of land, much of which is landscaped in the classic French Garden style perfected here by André Le Nôtre. Beyond the surrounding belt of woodland, the gardens are bordered by the urban areas of Versailles to the east and Le Chesnay to the north-east, by the National Arboretum de Chèvreloup to the north, the Versailles plain (a protected wildlife",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11540969",
"score": "0.9717066",
"original_retrieval_index": 55
},
{
"title": "Antoine Lepautre",
"text": "and constructed the celebrated Grand Cascade that survives in its park. Drawings conserved in the Swedish National Museum of Fine Arts, Stockholm, demonstrate that Lepautre was the designer of stables for Jean-Baptiste Colbert at the Château de Sceaux, in the early 1670s. Madame de Montespan commissioned him to make plans for her Château de Clagny, close to Versailles; the unfinished project was completed after Lepautre's death by Jules Hardouin-Mansart. For Antoine Nompar de Caumont, duc de Lauzun, Lepautre built the Hôtel de Lauzun at Saint-Germain-en-Laye. In 1671, he became one of the first eight members of the Académie royale d'architecture",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9800437",
"score": "0.97130585",
"original_retrieval_index": 56
},
{
"title": "Louis Marie, Duke of Rambouillet",
"text": "was the greatest landowner in France and had one of the largest fortunes in Europe, having added to his own inheritance the fortune of his paternal uncle Louis-Auguste de Bourbon, duc du Maine. Louis Marie died at the Versailles at the age of 3. Buried at the chapel at the Château de Rambouillet, he was later moved by his posthumous sister, Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon (wife of the future \"Philippe Égalité\"), to the \"Chapelle royale de Dreux\". Louis Marie, Duke of Rambouillet Louis Marie de Bourbon, Duke of Rambouillet (2 January 1746 – 13 November 1749) was a French",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14168244",
"score": "0.9690363",
"original_retrieval_index": 59
},
{
"title": "Versailles house",
"text": "well as an episode of CNBC's \"Secret Lives of the Super Rich\". Versailles house Versailles is an 85,000 square-foot house belonging to Westgate Resorts founder David Siegel and his wife Jackie Siegel. It is under construction at 6121 Kirkstone Lane, Windermere, Florida, in the gated community of Lake Butler Sound in Orange County, USA. Named and modeled after the Palace of Versailles in France, the completed project will be one of the largest single-family homes in the United States. It is designed as the primary residence of the Siegels and their children. Construction began in 2004. Work stalled in 2009",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16693313",
"score": "0.9644872",
"original_retrieval_index": 66
},
{
"title": "Château",
"text": "built from 1570–1576 to designs by Jean Bullant. Built by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1675–1683 for the duc de Chevreuse, Colbert's son-in-law, is a French Baroque château of manageable size. Protected behind fine wrought iron double gates, the main block and its outbuildings (\"corps de logis\"), linked by balustrades, are ranged symmetrically around a dry paved and gravelled \"cour d'honneur\". Behind, the central axis is extended between the former parterres, now mown hay. The park with formally shaped water was laid out by André Le Notre. The Palace of Versailles, or in French \"Château de Versailles\", is a royal château in Versailles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "719681",
"score": "0.96445423",
"original_retrieval_index": 67
},
{
"title": "Louvre Palace",
"text": "of its kind in the world. Henry IV, a promoter of the arts, invited hundreds of artists and craftsmen to live and work on the building's lower floors. (This tradition continued for another 200 years until Napoleon III ended it.) In the early 17th century, Louis XIII began the doubling of the length of the Lescot Wing to the north. His architect, Jacques Lemercier, designed and completed the wing by c. 1642. His central pavilion subsequently became known as the \"Pavillon de l'Horloge\", after a clock was added in 1857. Lemercier also began construction of the first part of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8317003",
"score": "0.9634918",
"original_retrieval_index": 69
},
{
"title": "Palace",
"text": "Speakers of English think of the \"Palace of Versailles\" because it was the residence of the king of France, and the king was the source of power, though the building has always remained the \"Château de Versailles\" for the French, and the seat of government under the \"Ancien Régime\" remained the Palais du Louvre. The Louvre had begun as a fortified \"Château du Louvre\" on the edge of Paris, but as the seat of government and shorn of its fortified architecture and then completely surrounded by the city, it developed into the \"Palais du Louvre\". The \"hôtel particulier\" remains the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "324813",
"score": "0.96303976",
"original_retrieval_index": 70
}
] |
{
"title": "History of the Palace of Versailles",
"long_answer": "Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect Louis Le Vau, landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and painter-decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially established there on 6 May 1682.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Louis XIII's successor, Louis XIV, had a great interest in Versailles. He settled on the royal hunting lodge at Versailles, and over the following decades had it expanded into one of the largest palaces in the world. Beginning in 1661, the architect Louis Le Vau, landscape architect André Le Nôtre, and painter-decorator Charles Lebrun began a detailed renovation and expansion of the château. This was done to fulfill Louis XIV's desire to establish a new centre for the royal court. Following the Treaties of Nijmegen in 1678, he began to gradually move the court to Versailles. The court was officially",
"short_answers": [
"Louis XIV"
]
}
|
when did holland become involved in world war 2
|
[
"15 May 1940",
"10 May 1940"
] |
[
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "with a special interest in signalling and naval communications. He was promoted to lieutenant-commander after the war, and was in the Mediterranean during the Turkish War of Independence. He graduated to his own commands shortly after, commanding a cruiser on the China Station, then a destroyer in the Mediterranean. He became a naval attaché in Paris shortly before the outbreak of the Second World War, and remained in the position until April 1940. Recalled to Britain at the fall of France, Holland assumed command of the aircraft carrier , which he commanded during several actions and operations. He was prominent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566756",
"score": "1.1513886",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Sidney Holland",
"text": "to the rank of second lieutenant. He saw action during the Battle of Messines before being invalidated home after contracted a severe illness. Due to his injuries, Holland was hospitalised for six months and lost a lung. Holland was a prominent sportsman and sports administrator, representing Canterbury at provincial and inter-island level in hockey. After retiring from playing, he managed the New Zealand representative hockey team on an unbeaten tour of Australia in the 1932 and was a prominent hockey referee. After the war, Holland and one of his brothers established the Midland Engineering Company in Christchurch, which manufactured horticultural",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2198500",
"score": "1.1227293",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Lancelot Holland",
"text": "Lancelot Holland Vice Admiral Lancelot Ernest Holland, CB (13 September 1887 – 24 May 1941) commanded the British force in the Battle of the Denmark Strait in May 1941 against the German battleship \"Bismarck\". Holland was killed during the battle. Lancelot Holland was one of six sons and a daughter of a doctor who was also a brewer for the firm Hunt Edmunds. He was born in Middleton Cheney and was raised in the Banbury area. He entered the Royal Navy on 15 May 1902. On leaving HMS \"Britannia\" in September 1903, he was drafted to the China Station to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4985551",
"score": "1.1168236",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Spessard Holland",
"text": "Mack (the grandfather of Connie Mack III, who would one day hold the Senate seat Holland once occupied) offered him a contract (he declined). Holland qualified to be a Rhodes Scholar, and was already a junior partner with R.B. Huffaker in the Huffaker & Holland law firm, but his plans were interrupted by World War I. Holland volunteered for service and was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the Coast Artillery Corps, where he was transferred to France and served in the brigade's JAG Corps as an assistant adjutant. At his request, Holland was later transferred to the 24th Aero",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2904453",
"score": "1.1119535",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "a skilled French speaker and was posted as Naval Attaché for France, Holland, Belgium, Spain and Portugal from January 1938 to April 1940, and was the Head of the Naval Mission to the French Admiralty from the outbreak of war in September 1939 until April 1940. Holland returned from his services with the French and in May 1940 took command of the aircraft carrier , which he commanded until May 1941. \"Ark Royal\" participated in a number of key theatres of the war, and Holland commanded it during Operation Alphabet, the transport of troops from Narvik to Britain, numerous convoy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566762",
"score": "1.101278",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "2nd Baronet, on 15 June 1925. The couple had two children, Katherine J. Holland, born in 1927, and John Swinton Holland, born in 1928. Cedric Holland Cedric Swinton Holland CB (13 October 1889 – 11 May 1950) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the First and Second World Wars, rising to the rank of vice-admiral. Holland was born the son of an admiral, and he followed his father into the navy, rising through the ranks and serving on a number of ships. He was serving at the rank of lieutenant on a cruiser at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566768",
"score": "1.1006817",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "escort missions through the Mediterranean, bombing raids on the Italian mainland, and the search for the German raiders \"Scharnhorst\" and \"Gneisenau\". Holland was particularly involved in the attack on the French fleet at Mers-el-Kébir in July 1940. A British fleet, Force H, was despatched under Admiral Sir James Somerville to insist the French either demilitarize their ships or hand them over to the British, to prevent their capture by the Germans. Holland, as a French speaker with experience from his time as naval attaché in Paris, was sent to deliver the terms and enter negotiations with the French naval officers.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566763",
"score": "1.0962508",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "George Holland (tennis)",
"text": "to Vivian McGrath in straight sets. During World War 2, Holland reached the rank of Lieutenant. After the war, Holland resumed his tennis career. George Holland (tennis) George Holland (1918–unknown) was an Australian tennis player. In 1938, tennis legend Don Budge said that, among the younger and less prominent players he had seen on his trip to Australia, Holland had the brightest future. \"I have selected him after careful study of most of the leading young players. I watched many of them in match play during the Australian championships when they did not know I was about\" said Budge, in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20366224",
"score": "1.0927348",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "John Vincent Holland",
"text": "the three soldiers who won Victoria Crosses in the fighting at the village during the Somme in 1916, Holland name being one of the three. John Vincent Holland John Vincent Holland VC (19 July 1889 – 27 February 1975), was World War 1 Irish soldier, and the recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Holland was born into a middle-class family in Athy, County Kildare, the son of veterinary surgeon John Holland and Catherine Peppard. He was educated first at Clongowes Wood",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4173289",
"score": "1.0885158",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Netherlands in World War II",
"text": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": "Cedric Holland Cedric Swinton Holland CB (13 October 1889 – 11 May 1950) was an officer of the Royal Navy who saw service during the First and Second World Wars, rising to the rank of vice-admiral. Holland was born the son of an admiral, and he followed his father into the navy, rising through the ranks and serving on a number of ships. He was serving at the rank of lieutenant on a cruiser at the start of the First World War. He saw out the war aboard battleships in home water and the Mediterranean, punctuated with time ashore, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566755",
"score": "1.0882387",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Cedric Holland",
"text": ", based in the Mediterranean in 1920 during the Turkish War of Independence. Holland was advanced to commander on 31 December 1924, and between July 1928 and August 1929 he commanded on the China Station, during which time he visited ports in China, South-East Asia and Japan. His service in this region allowed him to attend the funeral of Dr Sun Yat-sen on 31 May 1929, and the annual Naval Regatta at Wei-Hai-Wei. He was promoted to captain on 30 June 1932, and in 1934 he took command of the destroyer , serving in the Mediterranean until 1936. Holland was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15566761",
"score": "1.0808862",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Edward James Gibson Holland",
"text": "the London Gazette of 23 April 1901: Following his return to Canada, Holland became a commissioned officer. During the visit to Canada of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York, Holland received the Victoria Cross from the Duke of Cornwall and York (later King George V) in Ottawa on 21 September 1901. Holland eventually achieved the rank of Major and served in World War I with the Canadian Machine Gun Corps. He commanded and actively recruited for the Borden's Machine Gun Battery in Cobalt, Ontario and the surrounding Temiskaming District. From an article in New Liskeard Speaker, Friday, January",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4178860",
"score": "1.0761774",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "John Vincent Holland",
"text": "Heavy Anti-Aircraft Regiment, Royal Artillery, then joining the 9/10th D.C.O. Lancers (Hodson's Horse) but was invalided out in 1941. He then took up a position with the Ministry of Food. In 1956, Holland and his wife emigrated to Hobart, in Tasmania. Holland died in Hobart in February 1975 at the age of 86. His body was buried in Cornelian Bay cemetery, with military honours. His wife, Frances, pre-deceased him, dying in 1960. Holland lived to see the birth of his great-grandchild. On 3 September 2009 a memorial plaque was unveiled at Guillemont Church in France dedicated to the memory of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4173288",
"score": "1.0703022",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "History of the Netherlands",
"text": "the UK & US governments to cut off oil supplies to Japan. Japanese forces invaded the Dutch East Indies on 11 January 1942. The Dutch surrendered on 8 March after Japanese troops landed on Java. Dutch citizens and everybody with Dutch ancestry, the so-called \"Indo's\" were captured and put to work in labour camps or interned. As in the Netherlands, many Dutch ships, planes and military personnel managed to reach safety, in this case Australia; from where they were able to fight again. In Europe, after the Allies landed in Normandy in June 1944, progress was slow until the Battle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "171290",
"score": "1.0675908",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Siege of Calais (1940)",
"text": "including infantry and a machine-gun company had arrived in the town. On 19 May, Lieutenant-General Douglas Brownrigg, the Adjutant General of the BEF, appointed Colonel Rupert Holland to command the British troops in Calais and to arrange the evacuation of non-combatant personnel and wounded. The British contingent consisted of a platoon of the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders (A&SH) who were guarding a radar site, the 2nd Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA, 58th (A&SH) Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment RA and the 1st Searchlight Regiment RA. When the Germans captured Abbeville on 20 May, the War Office in Britain ordered troops to be despatched to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7768968",
"score": "1.0672295",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "John Vincent Holland",
"text": "1914 with the 2nd Battalion of the Life Guards. In March 1915 he was attached to the 2nd Battalion of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers and sent to France. He was wounded in August 1915 and medically evacuated to the England and Ireland to convalesce, but soon returned to the Western Front, this time with the 3rd Battalion of the Leinster Regiment, serving as battalion bombing officer. On 3 September 1916, during the Somme Offensive, whilst engaged in intense combat in the vicinity of the village of Guillemont, Holland was awarded the Victoria Cross for the following action: \"\"During a heavy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4173285",
"score": "1.065451",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "John Vincent Holland",
"text": "John Vincent Holland John Vincent Holland VC (19 July 1889 – 27 February 1975), was World War 1 Irish soldier, and the recipient of the Victoria Cross, the highest award for gallantry in the face of the enemy that can be awarded to British and Commonwealth forces. Holland was born into a middle-class family in Athy, County Kildare, the son of veterinary surgeon John Holland and Catherine Peppard. He was educated first at Clongowes Wood College and later at Liverpool University, and was one of 600 Old Clongovians to enlist in the army during World War One. He enlisted in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4173284",
"score": "1.0613",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "John Vincent Holland",
"text": "engagement, Lt. Holland, not content with bombing hostile dug-outs, fearlessly led his troops through our own artillery barrage and cleared a great part of the village in front. He started out with 26 troops and finished with only five after capturing some 50 prisoners. By this gallant action he undoubtedly broke the spirit of the enemy and saved many casualties.\"\" Holland was subsequently promoted to Captain. During the war he was also Mentioned in Dispatches and received a personal \"Hickie Parchment\" from his Divisional General-Officer-Commanding, Major-General William Hickie, in recognition of his bravery in action. In 1917, Holland married Frances",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4173286",
"score": "1.0575639",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Algernon Charles Holland",
"text": "Amy Holland of Horsham, Sussex. His mother, Helen Ruth Menzies, was Scottish, born in Argentina, of Quinta Rannock, San Ferriemdo, Buenos Aires, Argentina, and in 1921, they moved to Buenos Aires, and he was educated there at the English College. In the Second World War, Holland served with Special Operations Executive. He was a Major in the Royal Corps of Signals, and was awarded an MBE, and a Military Cross in 1945. The MBE was awarded in 1943 for his services in Greece. In 1948, the US awarded him the Bronze Star Medal. Holland founded Amplifon in Milan, Italy in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20885161",
"score": "1.0563498",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Henry F. Holland",
"text": "the end of World War II, Holland left the foreign service in 1945 and resumed the private practice of law. His practice involved international law and in the early 1950s, he was involved in the activities of the International Law Commission. In 1954, President of the United States Dwight D. Eisenhower named Holland Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs and, after Senate confirmation, Holland held this post from March 2, 1954 until September 13, 1956. In this capacity, he was assistant chief of the United States delegation at the tenth Pan-American Conference, held in Caracas in March 1954. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14688434",
"score": "1.0535318",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Antony Holland",
"text": "Antony Holland Antony Holland (28 March 1920 – 29 July 2015) was an English actor, playwright and theatre director who until his death in 2015 lived on Gabriola Island, British Columbia, Canada. Holland completed his drama training at the Labour Stage in London. Shortly after, he was called into His Majesty's Armed Forces as a signalman at the onset of the Second World War. While training at the coastal town of South Shields, he put on a play in a local abandoned theatre. Holland continued to mount productions in his spare time throughout the course of the war. He was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8842254",
"score": "1.0530432",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "World War II by country",
"text": "their liberation in 1945, the Dutch fought alongside the Allies around the globe, from the battles in the Pacific to the Battle of Britain. On the islands of Aruba and Curaçao (Netherlands West Indies) a large oil refinery was of major importance for the war effort in Europe, especially after D-day. As protection, a considerable U.S. military force was stationed on the island. New Zealand declared war on 3 September 1939, backdating the date to the time of Britain's declaration. New Zealand sent one Army division that served in Greece, North Africa, and Italy, and it offered a fair number",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4432514",
"score": "1.0530277",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "World War II by country",
"text": "\"South Dakota\", \"Indiana\", \"Massachusetts\", and the \"Alabama\", on 8 December 1943, and also bombed by U.S. Navy carrier airplanes on the same day. See the article on the \"Washington\". Nepal declared war on Germany on 4 September 1939, and offered Gurkha troops to the United Kingdom. Like the Belgians, the Netherlands declared neutrality in 1939. In May 1940, the Netherlands was invaded after fierce resistance against the Nazis. Rotterdam and Middelburg were heavily bombed. The Dutch joined the Allies and contributed their surviving naval and armed forces to the defense of East Asia, in particular the Netherlands East Indies. Until",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4432513",
"score": "1.0520633",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Lancelot Holland",
"text": "VI, he was promoted to Rear admiral and became commander of the 3rd Battle Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet in January 1938, flying his flag in HMS \"Resolution\" and then commander of the 2nd Battle Squadron, in August 1939 he was appointed Rear-Admiral, Commanding, Channel Force in September 1939. He then became Admiralty representative at the Air Ministry. He was promoted to Vice Admiral backdated to Aug 1940 after commanding Cruiser Force H during the Battle of Cape Spartivento on 27 Nov 1940. From July 1940, Holland commanded the 7th Cruiser Squadron, serving in the Mediterranean. During the course of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4985554",
"score": "1.0493121",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Sidney Holland",
"text": "then the Fendalton electorate from 1946 to 1957. Following Japan's entry into the Second World War in 1941, the Labour Government reluctantly acquiesced to the establishment of a bipartisan War Administration in July 1942, consisting of seven Labour Ministers and six National Ministers. Sidney Holland served as the Deputy Chairman of the short-lived War Cabinet, which collapsed in September 1942 after the National Party objected to Labour's handling of an unofficial miners' strike in the Waikato region that same month. Holland's decision strained relations with both the Labour Government and several National MPs including Gordon Coates and Adam Hamilton, who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2198505",
"score": "1.0479724",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Holland Smith",
"text": "promoted to the temporary rank of major. After the Armistice he participated in the March to the Rhine through Belgium and Luxembourg as an assistant operations officer with the Third Army, and served with the General Staff, U.S. Army, during the occupation of Germany. For his service at Belleau Wood, Smith was awarded the Croix de Guerre with palm by the French government. He also received a Meritorious Service Citation from General John J. Pershing, Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces, for which he was later awarded (in 1932) the Purple Heart, one of the first awarded for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2755878",
"score": "1.0475522",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Barbara Holland",
"text": "World War II. In 2007 \"The Washington Post\" published a profile of Holland after the release of her 16th book, \"The Joy of Drinking\", which she wrote to protest the rise of \"broccoli, exercise and Starbucks.\" During the interview, she poured herself a glass of wine and lit a cigarette, pointing to each and saying, \"Stuck up here on this mountain, I have only two hobbies\" and said that she regularly drank a \"half-gallon of Scotch a week\". She lived in Philadelphia for most of her life and moved to Bluemont, Virginia in 1990, to a cabin where she wrote",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14909823",
"score": "1.0455451",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Lancelot Holland",
"text": "this command he led his cruisers in the Battle of Cape Spartivento on 27 November 1940. By this time, Holland had established himself as a gunnery specialist. Holland's next assignment was in command of the Battlecruiser Squadron. Britain had only three of these ships. They were capital ships that carried heavy guns, but sacrificed armour protection for speed. They were a concept of Admiral John Fisher before the First World War. Conventional naval thinking in the 1920s and 1930s was that the battlecruiser was designed to hunt and overtake fast commerce raiders, such as a pocket battleship or another battlecruiser,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4985555",
"score": "1.0440865",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "James Holland (author)",
"text": "James Holland (author) James Holland (born 27 June 1970) is a British author and broadcaster. Educated at Chafyn Grove School, Salisbury, and King's School, Bruton, Holland has written about military history, especially the Second World War, and has presented television programmes concerning Second World War battles. He studied at Durham University, graduating with a degree in History in 1992. Holland is co-founder and co-chair and programme director of the Chalke Valley History Festival, usually held in late June every year. It is the largest festival dedicated entirely to history in the UK. It was first held on the cricket ground",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17532362",
"score": "1.0438526",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Netherlands in World War II",
"long_answer": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The direct involvement of the Netherlands in World War II began with its invasion by Nazi Germany on 10 May 1940. The Netherlands had proclaimed neutrality when war broke out in September 1939, just as it had in World War I, but Adolf Hitler ordered it to be invaded anyway. On 15 May 1940, one day after the bombing of Rotterdam, the Dutch forces surrendered. The Dutch government and the royal family escaped and went into exile in London.",
"short_answers": [
"10 May 1940",
"15 May 1940"
]
}
|
when was the first ford f 150 made
|
[
"1975"
] |
[
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (twelfth generation)",
"text": "sold as the Lincoln Mark LT in Mexico. For the 2010 model year, the SVT Raptor high-performance truck was introduced; unlike its Lightning predecessor, it was a vehicle dedicated to off-road driving. In North America, the twelfth-generation F-150 was produced at the Dearborn Truck plant in Dearborn, Michigan, as well as the Kansas City Assembly plant in Claycomo, Missouri. In December 2014, it was replaced by the thirteenth-generation 2015 F-150, unveiled in January 2014. Ford revealed the 2009 F-150 design at the 2008 North American International Auto Show in Detroit. Development began under chief engineer Matt O'Leary in November 2003",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341470",
"score": "1.1127423",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (eleventh generation)",
"text": "fall 2007 as a 2008 model. Based on an F-150 FX2 Sport, it uses a Roush-developed powertrain. The supercharged 5.4 L V8 puts out and of torque. The new F-150 earned the \"North American Truck of the Year\" award for 2004 and was \"Motor Trend\" magazine's Truck of the Year for 2004. It also beat the three-time winning Chevrolet Silverado for \"Car and Driver\" magazine's Best Pickup Truck for 2004 and 2005. The Ford F-Series has also earned the 2012 Motor Trend Truck of the Year. Additionally, over 939,000 F-Series trucks were sold in 2005, a single-year sales record for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341594",
"score": "1.0972663",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, buyers of pickup trucks had increasingly purchased the vehicles for the purposes of personal use over work use. To further increase its growing market share, Ford sought to develop vehicles for both types of buyers. In its ultimate decision, the company decided to make the F-150 as a contemporary vehicle for personal use, while the F-250 and F-350 would be designed more conservatively for work-based customers. Introduced in early 1996 as a 1997 model, the F-150 was a completely new vehicle in comparison from its predecessor. Similar to the original Ford Taurus of 1986, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577426",
"score": "1.0931149",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "pickup available on the market. F-100s and F-150s were virtually identical with the exception of smaller brakes. F-100s over a certain GVWR and/or without power brakes did use the F-150 axles. Also, the 1980–1983 F-100 was never offered with four-wheel-drive. 1986 marked the final year that the F-150 was available with a 3-speed manual gearbox that shifted via a steering column lever (3-on-the-tree). Incidentally, this was the second-last vehicle in the United States that offered this set up. 1986 was also the last year the Explorer package was available. This is the first generation of trucks to incorporate amenities such",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577417",
"score": "1.0903404",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "in 2001 as products from General Motors and Chrysler lagged. Ford's sales dropped, however, for the final years of this generation as the redesigned Dodge Ram and refreshed Chevrolet Silverado were released. The new F-150 was \"Motor Trend\" magazine's Truck of the Year in 1997. A minor facelift was introduced September 1998, with minor interior updates for 1999 models. In February 2000, the SuperCrew was added to the lineup early in the 2001 MY (Model Year), entering production on December 13, 1999. Ford also manufactured a limited run of \"Heritage\" (differentiated from the 2003 \"Heritage Edition\") F-150s of the 2003",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341576",
"score": "1.0849154",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "switched from steel to aluminum (with the exception of the firewall); the frame itself remains high-strength steel. To prove the durability of the aluminum-intensive design, during the development of the thirteenth-generation F-Series, Ford entered camouflaged prototypes into the Baja 1000 endurance race (where the vehicles finished). The 2015 F-150 was the first pickup truck with adaptive cruise control, which uses radar sensors on the front of the vehicle to maintain a set following distance between it and the vehicle ahead of it, decreasing speed if necessary. The 3.7L V6 was dropped, replaced by a 3.5L V6 as the standard engine,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577436",
"score": "1.083308",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "1997 F-150 was developed with a radically streamlined body. Dispensing with the traditional Twin I-Beam for a fully independent front suspension, the all-new chassis only shared the transmissions with the previous generation. In a major change, the long-running 4.9L inline-6 was replaced by a 4.2 L Essex V6 engine as standard. The 4.6 L Modular V8 shared with the Panther Car was optional (with a bigger 5.4 L Triton V8 version added in mid-1997). Originally developed for use in the F-Series, the Modular/Triton V8 was the first overhead-camshaft engine ever to be installed in a full-size pickup truck. To improve",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577427",
"score": "1.0822995",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)",
"text": "best-selling vehicle in North America. , 85% of the F-150 is made in USA. While nearly all body panels of the F-150 were converted from steel to aluminum construction (the only significant sheetmetal component constructed of steel is the firewall), the frame remained of steel construction, the use of high-strength steel in the frame was increased from 23% to 77%. To showcase the durability of the aluminum-intensive design, Ford entered prototypes of the model disguised as 12th generation F150s in the Baja 1000. In an effort to offer a wider range of fuel-efficient engines for the F-150, a 3.5L version",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17806993",
"score": "1.0756245",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "In 2003, a sporty STX trim package was introduced, aimed at younger truck buyers. The STX package featured color-keyed front/rear bumpers along with clear lens headlights and integrated round fog lamps. The package also featured chrome step rails, 17\" chrome wheels, and a Kenwood Z828 stereo was installed in place of the standard Ford radio. Also in 2003, a special trim package \"Heritage Edition\" version with special badging was produced to mark the 100th anniversary of Ford trucks, available only in the 139\" wheelbase SuperCab model. Sales of the F-150 surged in the tenth generation from 750,000 to over 900,000",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341575",
"score": "1.073595",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (eleventh generation)",
"text": "Ford F-Series (eleventh generation) The redesigned eleventh generation F-150, using the new P2 platform, was introduced by Ford in January 2003 at the North American International Auto Show. Designed by Tyler Blake under Patrick Schiavone between 1999 and January 2000, the styling was a revolutionary, more angular update of the PN-96. On August 29, 2000, the final production design was frozen. Development began in 1997, with scheduled production for September 2002 alongside the U222 Expedition. Development later ended in 2003 due to delays. The side windows also changed to a Kenworth \"Daylight Door\" and Ford Super Duty-like appearance; dipping towards",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341588",
"score": "1.0691289",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)",
"text": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation) The thirteenth-generation Ford F-Series was unveiled at the 2014 North American International Auto Show on January 13, 2014. Based on an all-new platform, the 2015 Ford F-150 marked the adoption of aluminum body construction for the F-Series. Using an exterior design previewed by the 2013 Ford Atlas concept vehicle, the 2015 F-150 introduced a number of driver assistance and safety technologies to the vehicle, including a 360-degree camera, Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support, Blind Spot Information System with Cross-Traffic Alert, and Lane-Keeping System. For the 2017 model year, the Ford Super Duty",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17806991",
"score": "1.0689971",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation) The tenth generation of the Ford F-Series is a line of pickup trucks produced by Ford from 1995 to 2004; it was sold from model years 1997 to 2004. In a major product shift in the Ford truck lineup, the F-250 and F-350 were split from the F-150. Beginning production in early-1998 (model year 1999) the newly branded Super Duty trucks had a distinct body and chassis, while still branded as F-Series trucks. This generation of the F-Series was also sold by Lincoln as the Blackwood for the model year 2002 (2002-2003 in Mexico). In Mexico,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341570",
"score": "1.0633752",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "in history, covered vehicles from the 1994–2002 model years. At its January 1996 launch, the 1997 PN96 F-Series was only offered as a F-150; the F-250 and F-350 were produced as 1996 models on the previous-generation chassis. To bridge the gap between the F-150 and the heavier-duty pickups, a PN96 version of the F-250 was introduced nearly a year later (though also a 1997 model), slotted between the F-150 and the F-250HD of the previous-generation chassis. While nearly externally indentical to the F-150, the F-250 gained increased load capability from a heavy-duty rear axle and load-leveling rear suspension; the F-250",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341580",
"score": "1.0621452",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)",
"text": "325hp while torque is boosted by 25 lb-ft to 400 lb-ft. Starting in 2018, the 2.7L EcoBoost, 3.5L EcoBoost and 5.0L Coyote V8 will all be mated with the 10R80 10-speed automatic transmission. The 2015 Ford F-150 makes a number of design departures from previous F-Series trucks. In a major redesign of the headlights, the rectangular headlight units were replaced with C-shaped units bracketing a trapezoidal grille. The LED headlights were originally planned to use glass for the optics to focus the beam, but it could not achieve the needed clarity, so Ford designers instead used polycarbonate thermoplastic. Each lamp",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17806996",
"score": "1.0562838",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (seventh generation)",
"text": "available with electronic fuel injection as an option on 1985 models; a year later, it became standard (an industry first for full-size pickups). The F-150 equipped with the 3-speed manual transmission was the second-to-last American vehicle to have a column-shifted manual transmission; it was discontinued after 1986, a year before similar Chevrolet and GMC models. The heavy duty Ford C6 3-speed automatic transmission, marketed as the \"Select-Shift\" automatic, was the standard automatic transmission all years and came paired with most engine options if ordered. Various transfer cases were used, most built by New Process Gear. NP205 and NP208F cases were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341533",
"score": "1.0548733",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "body style to August 2004 as 2004 models to finish out production. This generation of F-150 was sold in Mexico alongside the new 11th generation F-Series through 2008. It was only available as a Regular Cab and in XL trim, while the newer model was available in more trims, SuperCab and SuperCrew configurations and the new model was badged as Lobo, while the older model retained the F-150 name. A new lineup of improved efficiency engines were offered beginning for 1997. A 4.2 L OHV V6, based on Ford's 3.8 L Essex V6, replaced the 4.9 L OHV I6, while",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341577",
"score": "1.0541468",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "1988. There was a new \"high output\" version of the 5.8L Windsor beginning in 1984. A noticeable change was made to the F-Series in 1982 as the Ford \"Blue Oval\" was added to the center of the grill, also the Ranger and Custom trims were no longer available. The Ranger name had been shifted onto the all-new compact pickup developed as a replacement for the Courier. The new trim levels were a no-badge base model (essentially the new Custom), XL, a very rare XLS, and XLT Lariat. 1983 marked the final year of the F-100, making the F-150 the lightest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577416",
"score": "1.0534137",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (twelfth generation)",
"text": "in 2010 or 2011, The project was ultimately shelved, with the company developing the Ranger T6 as a global midsize truck and in North America, Ford focused on developing fuel-efficient powertrains such as the EcoBoost V6 and the 6-speed automatic transmission for the F-150. The 2009 F-150 featured a larger and more flexible interior, an updated three-bar grille, and additional choices of trim levels. The chassis included lighter-weight, high-strength steel for better fuel economy and safety and improved payload and towing capacity. For the first time in the history of the F-Series, a V8 engine was standard in all models;",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341472",
"score": "1.0531267",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)",
"text": "and possibly cause a fire in the event of a collision. Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation) The thirteenth-generation Ford F-Series was unveiled at the 2014 North American International Auto Show on January 13, 2014. Based on an all-new platform, the 2015 Ford F-150 marked the adoption of aluminum body construction for the F-Series. Using an exterior design previewed by the 2013 Ford Atlas concept vehicle, the 2015 F-150 introduced a number of driver assistance and safety technologies to the vehicle, including a 360-degree camera, Adaptive Cruise Control and Collision Warning with Brake Support, Blind Spot Information System with Cross-Traffic Alert, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807007",
"score": "1.0488591",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (tenth generation)",
"text": "the F-150 was rebranded as the Ford Lobo from 2004 to 2010, when it was replaced by the twelfth-generation model. In late 1989, during mid-stage development of a facelift due in late-1991 for model year 1992, Ford commenced the PN-96 program on a new truck platform and designated Thomas Baughman as chief engineer. In mid-1990, Andrew Jacobson was designated as design director for the PN-96 truck program. By 1991, designers had developed clay models indicative of car like styling, based on a new design theme. Despite the disapproval from focus groups towards \"softer\" styling, during 1991 and 1992 in concept",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341571",
"score": "1.0478013",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (eleventh generation)",
"text": "the front of the door. Initially, only Ford's 4.6 L Triton or new 3-valve 5.4 L 3V Triton V8 engines and four-speed automatic transmissions were offered to the retail public on the new trucks. For the 2005 model year, Ford's 4.2 L Essex V6 and manual transmission became available and standard on base models after they were available only for fleet orders for 2004 and automatic headlamps became available. The 11th generation F-150 is the last vehicle Ford manufactured with a gasoline pushrod V6. The F-250 and F-350 Ford Super Duties (on the P3 platform) are a different class (over",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341589",
"score": "1.0439808",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (thirteenth generation)",
"text": "truck line was completely redesigned for the first time. For the first time since the 1996 model year, all models of the F-Series from the F-150 through the F-550 utilized a common cab design, though the Super Duty utilizes its own front bodywork and unique bed, as well as two separate platforms (depending on GVWR). Although not the first vehicle developed by Ford with an aluminum body (in 1993, the company developed aluminum Mercury Sable prototypes, reducing nearly 400 pounds of curb weight), it was the first full-production vehicle built of aluminum from the company; the change also included the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17806992",
"score": "1.0419011",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "larger grille and head lamps. Previously available only as a chassis-cab model, the F-450 now was available as a pickup directly from Ford. From 2004 to 2006 offered a different bed style as well. The twelfth generation F-150 was introduced for the 2009 model year as an update of the Ford full-size truck platform. Similar to its predecessor, these trucks are distinguished by their Super Duty-style grilles and head lamps; standard cab models again have two-doors instead of four. The FlareSide bed was continued until 2010, dropped along with the manual gearbox; outside of Mexico, the Lincoln Mark LT was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577433",
"score": "1.0418885",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (ninth generation)",
"text": "F-Series. A \"Windsor\" V8 producing and of torque replaced the standard F-150 engine. The engine was based on an existing block, but Ford engineers fitted it with high flow rate \"GT40\" heads and used hypereutectic pistons to increase response, output and durability. The engine was also fitted with stainless steel \"shorty\" headers. An upgraded Ford E4OD automatic transmission was the only available transmission. An aluminum driveshaft connected it to 4.10:1 rear limited slip gears. The suspension had front and rear anti-rollbars and a special leaf, in the rear, tipped with a rubber snubber, that acted as a ladder bar and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341564",
"score": "1.0417854",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (eleventh generation)",
"text": "trucks. As a popular fleet vehicle, this generation of the F-Series has garnered a number of awards from fleet management professionals. The 2006 F-150 was named Fleet Truck of the Year by Automotive Fleet and Business Fleet magazines, and the 2007 models of the F-150, F-250 and F-350 were chosen Best Fleet Value vehicles in their respective categories by automotive data-analysis firm Vincentric. Winner of the 2006–2007 Golden Icon Award (presented by Travolta Family Entertainment) for \"Best Truck\". Ford F-Series (eleventh generation) The redesigned eleventh generation F-150, using the new P2 platform, was introduced by Ford in January 2003 at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341595",
"score": "1.0374321",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "360 hp; over 28,000 were produced from 1999 to 2003. For 2002, Lincoln-Mercury gained its first full-size pickup truck since 1968 with the introduction of the Lincoln Blackwood, the first Lincoln pickup. Sharing the front bodywork of the Lincoln Navigator SUV and the same cab body work as the Ford F-150, the Blackwood was designed with a model-exclusive bed and was sold only in black. Due to very poor sales, the Blackwood was discontinued after 2002. In 1999, the F-250 and F-350 pickups were introduced as the 1999 Ford F-Series Super Duty model line. While remaining part of the F-Series,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577430",
"score": "1.0371737",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "pickup in 1961 with the fourth generation F-Series. Longer and lower than its predecessors, these trucks had increased dimensions and new engine and gearbox choices. Additionally, the 1961–1963 models were constructed as a unibody design with the cab and bed integrated. This proved unpopular and Ford reverted to the traditional separate cab/bed design in 1964. In 1965, the F-Series was given a significant mid-cycle redesign. A completely new platform, including the \"Twin I-Beam\" front suspension, was introduced that would be used until 1996 on the F-150 and until 2016 on the F-250/350 4x2. Additionally that year, the Ranger name made",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577409",
"score": "1.0354874",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"text": "Ford F-150 around this same time). The F-250 HD also had some minor changes in trim location, and options available. The 1997 F-250 HD with the 7.3 Powerstroke Diesel is also the rarest and most desirable of ninth generation Fords. Following the introduction of the tenth-generation F-150, the F-250 and F-350 continued into production into the 1998 model year, becoming part of the Ford F-Series Super Duty line as they were replaced in 1999. For 1997, Ford Motor Company made a major change to its F-Series family of trucks as the F-Series pickup line was essentially split in two. During",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3577425",
"score": "1.0327798",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Ford F-Series (seventh generation)",
"text": "for the company's all-new compact pickup that replaced the Mazda-built Courier. Largely superseded by the F-150, the F-100 was discontinued after the 1983 model year, but the F-100 nameplate remained in Argentina. In Mexico, there was an F-200 introduced in 1976; this variant remained until 1991. In 1979, Ford debuted a brand new, redesigned F-Series pickup truck line, with the goal of maintaining utility while getting better fuel economy than its previous generation. However, drastic measures were taken in reducing weight, including cutting large holes in the frame; this severely weakened frame rails on model year 1980-1981 trucks, causing them",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16341524",
"score": "1.0321518",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "Ford F-Series",
"long_answer": "In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1975, the F-150 was introduced in between the F-100 and the F-250 in order to avoid certain emission control restrictions. For 1978, square headlights replaced the previous models' round ones on higher trim package models, such as Lariat and Ranger, and in 1979 became standard equipment. Also for 1978, the Ford Bronco was redesigned into a variant of the F-series pickup. 1979 was the last year that the 460 big block engine was available in a half ton truck.",
"short_answers": [
"1975"
]
}
|
which philosopher advocated the idea of return to nature
|
[
"Bacon"
] |
[
{
"title": "Philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche",
"text": "the idea of the Eternal Recurrence in the works of Heinrich Heine, who speculated that one day a person would be born with the same thought-processes as himself, and that the same applied to every other individual. Nietzsche expanded on this thought to form his theory, which he put forth in \"The Gay Science\" and developed in \"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\". Schopenhauer directly influenced this theory. Schopenhauer postulated that a person who unconditionally affirms life would do so even if everything that has happened were to happen again repeatedly. Nietzsche's view on eternal return is similar to that of Hume: \"the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8462532",
"score": "1.0788422",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling",
"text": "to Schelling's in his 1957-58 Course on Nature. In the 1970s nature was again of interest to philosophers in relation to environmental issues. Schelling's philosophy of nature, particularly his intention to construct a program which covers both nature and the intellectual life in a single system and method, and restore nature as a central theme of philosophy, has been reevaluated in the contemporary context. His influence and relation to the German art scene, particularly to Romantic literature and visual art, has been an interest since the late 1960s, from Philipp Otto Runge to Gerhard Richter and Joseph Beuys. This interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1506673",
"score": "1.0665383",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Friedrich Nietzsche",
"text": "last time. \"Eternal return\" (also known as \"eternal recurrence\") is a hypothetical concept that posits that the universe has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form for an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. It is a purely physical concept, involving no supernatural reincarnation, but the return of beings in the same bodies. Nietzsche first invokes the idea of eternal return in a parable in Section 341 of \"The Gay Science\", and also in the chapter \"Of the Vision and the Riddle\" in \"Thus Spoke Zarathustra\", among other places. Nietzsche contemplates the idea",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "134357",
"score": "1.0542434",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Environmentalism",
"text": "passed in August 1907. An early \"Back-to-Nature\" movement, which anticipated the romantic ideal of modern environmentalism, was advocated by intellectuals such as John Ruskin, William Morris, George Bernard Shaw and Edward Carpenter, who were all against consumerism, pollution and other activities that were harmful to the natural world. The movement was a reaction to the urban conditions of the industrial towns, where sanitation was awful, pollution levels intolerable and housing terribly cramped. Idealists championed the rural life as a mythical Utopia and advocated a return to it. John Ruskin argued that people should return to a \"small piece of English",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5093170",
"score": "1.0426459",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Stephen Toulmin",
"text": "of modern philosophy. Similarly, Toulmin sensed a thinning of morality in the field of sciences, which has diverted its attention from practical issues concerning ecology to the production of the atomic bomb. To solve this problem, Toulmin advocated a return to humanism consisting of four returns: a return to oral communication and discourse, a plea which has been rejected by modern philosophers, whose scholarly focus is on the printed page; a return to the particular or individual cases that deal with practical moral issues occurring in daily life (as opposed to theoretical principles that have limited practicality); a return to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4636057",
"score": "1.0409385",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Eternal return",
"text": "subject appears in the work entitled \"Notes on the Eternal Recurrence\", a work which was published in 2007 alongside Søren Kierkegaard's own version of eternal return, which he calls 'repetition'. Nietzsche sums up his thought most succinctly when he addresses the reader with: \"Everything has returned. Sirius, and the spider, and thy thoughts at this moment, and this last thought of thine that all things will return\". However, he also expresses his thought at greater length when he says to his reader: \"Whoever thou mayest be, beloved stranger, whom I meet here for the first time, avail thyself of this",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3510481",
"score": "1.0323279",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Alain de Lille",
"text": "Boethius’ \"Consolation of Philosophy\", to which he gave the title \"De Planctu Naturae\", or \"The Plaint of Nature\", and which was most likely written in the late 1160s. In this work, Alan uses prose and verse to illustrate the way in which nature defines its own position as inferior to that of God. He also attempts to illustrate the way in which humanity, through sexual perversion and specifically homosexuality, has defiled itself from nature and God. In \"Anticlaudianus\", another of his notable works, Alan uses a poetical dialogue to illustrate the way in which nature comes to the realization of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7639",
"score": "1.0228662",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "De rerum natura",
"text": "General Non-Fiction and the 2011 National Book Award for Nonfiction. De rerum natura De rerum natura (; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1943977",
"score": "1.0173755",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "De rerum natura",
"text": "De rerum natura De rerum natura (; On the Nature of Things) is a first-century BC didactic poem by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius (c. 99 BC – c. 55 BC) with the goal of explaining Epicurean philosophy to a Roman audience. The poem, written in some 7,400 dactylic hexameters, is divided into six untitled books, and explores Epicurean physics through poetic language and metaphors. Namely, Lucretius explores the principles of atomism; the nature of the mind and soul; explanations of sensation and thought; the development of the world and its phenomena; and explains a variety of celestial and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1943933",
"score": "1.0169501",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Nature (philosophy)",
"text": "Following Bacon's advice, the scientific search for the formal cause of things is now replaced by the search for \"laws of nature\" or \"laws of physics\" in all scientific thinking. To use Aristotle's well-known terminology these are descriptions of efficient cause, and not formal cause or final cause. It means modern science limits its hypothesizing about non-physical things to the assumption that there are regularities to the ways of all things which do not change.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Paradise (to be) Regained",
"text": "Paradise (to be) Regained Paradise (to be) Regained is an essay written by Henry David Thoreau and published in 1843 in the \"United States Magazine and Democratic Review\". It takes the form of a review of John Adolphus Etzler's book \"The Paradise within the Reach of all Men, without Labor, by Powers of Nature and Machinery: An Address to all intelligent men, in two parts\", which had come out in a new edition the previous year. The essay amplifies such Thoreauvian themes as imploring people to self-betterment and a distrust of humanity's attempts to improve upon nature. Etzler's book is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10125864",
"score": "1.0160805",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Return to the Field",
"text": "while emphasizing markedly Daoist ideas over his Confucian background. Liu Wu-chi writes that by combining Daoist ideas with Confucian ones, Zhang's poem \"heralded the metaphysical verse and nature poetry of the later centuries.\" In the rhapsody, Zhang also explicitly mentions the sage of Daoism, Laozi (fl. 6th century BC), as well as Confucius (6th century BC), the Duke of Zhou (fl. 11th century BC), and the Three Sovereigns. A section about spring in Zhang Heng's rhapsody, translated in Liu Wu-chi's book \"An Introduction to Chinese Literature\" (1990), reads as thus: Return to the Field Return to the Field (歸田賦) is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12070401",
"score": "1.0120331",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Vegetarianism in the Romantic Era",
"text": "it was thought that the more primitive humans had sustained themselves on a diet closer to a vegetarian lifestyle. Romantic writers including Ritson, Shelley, and Pope perceived the movement to vegetarianism as a way of returning to nature, reclaiming history, and turning away from animal or carnal savagery. Shelley promoted this idealist principle in \"A Vindication of Natural Diet\", writing, \"It is a man of violent passions, blood-shot eyes, and swollen veins, that alone can grasp the knife of murder...In no cases has a return to vegetable diet produced the slightest injury: in most it has been attended with changes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14270711",
"score": "1.0116484",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Eternal return",
"text": "birth, life, and death from which one seeks liberation. In Tantric Buddhism, a wheel of time concept known as the Kalachakra expresses the idea of an endless cycle of existence and knowledge. The concept of \"eternal recurrence\", the idea that with infinite time and a finite number of events, events will recur again and again infinitely, is central to the writings of Friedrich Nietzsche. As Heidegger points out in his lectures on Nietzsche, Nietzsche's first mention of eternal recurrence, in aphorism 341 of \"The Gay Science\" (cited below), presents this concept as a hypothetical \"question\" rather than postulating it as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3510479",
"score": "1.0111989",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Israeli sculpture",
"text": "The exhibition requested the creation of an ecology unity, which would exist as \"art\" and as \"nature\" simultaneously. The \"repair\" of the landscape as an artistic event was developed by Danziger in his project \"The Rehabilitation of the Nesher Quarry\", on the northern slopes of Mount Carmel. This project was created as a collaboration between Danziger, Zeev Naveh the ecologist, and Joseph Morin the soil researcher. In this project, which was never finished, they attempted to create, using various technological and ecological means, a new environment among the fragments of stone left in the quarry. \"Nature should not be returned",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16733417",
"score": "1.0078835",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Eternal return",
"text": "Eternal return Eternal return (also known as eternal recurrence) is a theory that the universe and all existence and energy has been recurring, and will continue to recur, in a self-similar form an infinite number of times across infinite time or space. The theory is found in Indian philosophy and in ancient Egypt and was subsequently taken up by the Pythagoreans and Stoics. With the decline of antiquity and the spread of Christianity, the theory fell into disuse in the Western world, with the exception of Friedrich Nietzsche, who connected the thought to many of his other concepts, including \"amor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3510476",
"score": "1.0075623",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Naturphilosophie",
"text": "introduced radical interpretations of nature that would reverberate through the sciences, and particularly the biology, of the next century. They developed the fundamental doctrines of \"Naturphilosophie\". In \"System des transzendentalen Idealismus\", 1800 (\"System of Transcendental Idealism\") Schelling included ideas on matter and the organic in Part III. They form just part of a more ambitious work that takes up other themes, in particular aesthetics. From this point onwards \"Naturphilosophie\" was less of a research concern for him, as he reformulated his philosophy. However, it remained an influential aspect of his teaching. For a short while, he edited a journal, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5531200",
"score": "1.0067887",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Nature (essay)",
"text": "Nature (essay) \"Nature\" is an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and published by James Munroe and Company in 1836. In the essay Emerson put forth the foundation of transcendentalism, a belief system that espouses a non-traditional appreciation of nature. Transcendentalism suggests that the divine, or God, suffuses nature, and suggests that reality can be understood by studying nature. Emerson's visit to the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris inspired a set of lectures he later delivered in Boston which were then published. Within the essay, Emerson divides nature into four usages: Commodity, Beauty, Language and Discipline. These distinctions define",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3438490",
"score": "1.0022607",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Nature (essay)",
"text": "cabin on land that Emerson owned. Their longstanding acquaintance offered Thoreau great encouragement in pursuing his desire to be a published author. Nature (essay) \"Nature\" is an essay written by Ralph Waldo Emerson, and published by James Munroe and Company in 1836. In the essay Emerson put forth the foundation of transcendentalism, a belief system that espouses a non-traditional appreciation of nature. Transcendentalism suggests that the divine, or God, suffuses nature, and suggests that reality can be understood by studying nature. Emerson's visit to the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris inspired a set of lectures he later delivered in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3438498",
"score": "1.0017364",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Arran Gare",
"text": "theoretical biology, human ecology and philosophical anthropology, Schelling's philosophy, Chinese philosophy and Christopher Alexander's theories of architecture, and called for a revival of the Radical Enlightenment as the true heir of the Renaissance struggle for democracy and for the creation of an ecological civilisation as a new world order based on a new relationship between humanity and nature. More specifically, he has been concerned to revive and reformulate on naturalistic foundations the ethics and political philosophy of the liberal socialists inspired by T.H. Green, develop more adequate theoretical foundations for human ecology and ecological economics to provide an alternative to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12659715",
"score": "0.9948615",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Thinking like a mountain",
"text": "environmental actions that can be categorized under this broad and interconnected concept. Although the term was not coined until 1949, several philosophers of the ancient times had viewpoints similar to those who “think like a mountain”. Epicurus was one of the first ancient philosophers to view the role man plays in nature. His philosophy, Epicureanism, is a materialistic viewpoint that aims to explain the physical earth. Lucretius was a later philosopher who had Epicurean ideals. He wrote a six book collection, \"De Rerum Natura\", categorizing the natural word. In Book 5 of \"De Rerum Natura\" he writes: In this passage,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16048314",
"score": "0.99461895",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Balance of nature",
"text": "theory is widely held to be true by the general public, with one authority calling it an \"enduring myth\". At least in Midwestern America, the \"balance of nature\" idea was shown to be widely held by both science majors and the general student population. In a study at the University of Patras, educational sciences students were asked to reason about the future of ecosystems which suffered human-driven disturbances. Subjects agreed that it was very likely for the ecosystems to fully recover their initial state, referring to either a 'recovery process' which restores the initial 'balance', or specific 'recovery mechanisms' as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12503693",
"score": "0.99351084",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Johannes Reinke",
"text": "book that discussed the relationship of philosophy and religion to science. He died in Preetz. Johannes Reinke Johannes Reinke (February 3, 1849 – February 25, 1931) was a German botanist and philosopher who was a native of Ziethen, Lauenburg. He is remembered for his research of benthic marine algae. He studied botany with his father from the age of eight. Reinke studied theology at Rostock, but his focus later changed to botany. In 1879 he became a professor of botany at the University of Göttingen, where he established the institute of plant physiology. From 1885 until 1921, he was a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11437757",
"score": "0.9927349",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Environmental movement",
"text": "which gave the trust the status of a statutory corporation. and the bill was passed in August 1907. An early \"Back-to-Nature\" movement, which anticipated the romantic ideal of modern environmentalism, was advocated by intellectuals such as John Ruskin, William Morris, and Edward Carpenter, who were all against consumerism, pollution and other activities that were harmful to the natural world. The movement was a reaction to the urban conditions of the industrial towns, where sanitation was awful, pollution levels intolerable and housing terribly cramped. Idealists championed the rural life as a mythical Utopia and advocated a return to it. John Ruskin",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "560578",
"score": "0.9926139",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Naturphilosophie",
"text": "writings posited that nature must have reality for itself. In this light Fichte's doctrines appeared incomplete. On the one hand, they identified the ultimate ground of the universe of reason too closely with finite, individual Spirit. On the other, they threatened the reality of the world of nature by seeing it too much in the manner of subjective idealism. Fichte, in this view, had not managed to unite his system with the aesthetic view of nature to which Immanuel Kant's \"Critique of Judgment\" had pointed. \"Naturphilosophie\" is therefore one possible theory of the unity of nature. Nature as the sum",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5531196",
"score": "0.99094933",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Green anarchism",
"text": "understands that his [or her] nature is bound up with the interest of all and with that of nature. He [or she] repairs the damage caused by his predecessors and works to improve his domain.\" Reclus advocated nature conservation and opposed meat-eating and cruelty to animals. He was a vegetarian. As a result, his ideas are seen by some historians as anticipating the modern social ecology and animal rights movements. Shortly before his death, Reclus completed \"L'Homme et la terre\" (1905). In it, he added to his previous greater works by considering humanity's development relative to its geographical environment. Reclus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "961673",
"score": "0.98890495",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Antonio Stoppani",
"text": "in schools. It deals especially with geological curiosities and the beauty of the Italian landscape. He commented on Italians who \"know almost nothing about the natural beauty of our country; yet take delight when someone calls it a garden\" and that the English fall in love with just one thing and devote their energies, emotions, and life to arrive dead or alive at the summit of mountains. His introduction to natural history declared that \"\"man should never disappear from nature, nor should nature disappear from man\"\". Stoppani, like many other clergyman naturalists of the period, was a supporter of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5211383",
"score": "0.98611414",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Wildness",
"text": "their brains and they have deep psychic significance in the present time, in spite of urbanization. Humans are dependent on healthy nature not only for their physical sustenance, but for mental health, too. The concept of a state of nature was first posited by the 17th century English philosopher Thomas Hobbes in \"Leviathan\". Hobbes described the concept in the Latin phrase \"bellum omnium contra omnes\", meaning \"the war of all against all.\" In this state any person has a natural right to do anything to preserve their own liberty or safety. Famously, he believed that such a condition would lead",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10048205",
"score": "0.9826987",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement",
"text": "philosopher. The poem reconciles the two by allowing the pursuer of truth to reflect on his time of simply enjoying nature and God's presence. However, the philosopher aspect is dominant and the individual must go out and try to help humanity. Nature can be soothing, but the narrator must reject the Edenic quality of nature because such a state is not yet appropriate. The Edenic imagery figures into many of Coleridge's poems and is reinforced with the image of myrtle trees and takes on many forms within his poetry. In \"Reflections\", to dwell in an Edenic state is a paradise",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13460932",
"score": "0.98141855",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Book of Nature",
"text": "Book of Nature as conceived by the earliest Greek philosophers.[5] The Greeks succeeded in constructing a view of the natural world in which all references to mythological origins and causes were removed. By abandoning ancient ties to free acting, conspiring gods of nature, Greek philosophers inadvertently left the upper world vacant. The new philosophy of nature made unseen mythological forces irrelevant. While some philosophers drifted toward atheism, others worked within the new philosophy to reconstitute the concept of a divine being. Consequently, the new outlook toward the natural world inspired the belief for a supreme force that was compatible with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15511993",
"score": "0.9808367",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Nature (philosophy)",
"long_answer": "Following Bacon's advice, the scientific search for the formal cause of things is now replaced by the search for \"laws of nature\" or \"laws of physics\" in all scientific thinking. To use Aristotle's well-known terminology these are descriptions of efficient cause, and not formal cause or final cause. It means modern science limits its hypothesizing about non-physical things to the assumption that there are regularities to the ways of all things which do not change.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Following Bacon's advice, the scientific search for the formal cause of things is now replaced by the search for \"laws of nature\" or \"laws of physics\" in all scientific thinking. To use Aristotle's well-known terminology these are descriptions of efficient cause, and not formal cause or final cause. It means modern science limits its hypothesizing about non-physical things to the assumption that there are regularities to the ways of all things which do not change.",
"short_answers": [
"Bacon"
]
}
|
when did canada gain independence from great britain
|
[
"April 17, 1982"
] |
[
{
"title": "Canada Day",
"text": "Quebec upon Confederation). Canada became a \"kingdom in its own right\" within the British Empire named the \"Dominion of Canada\". Although still a British colony, Canada gained an increased level of political control and governance over its own affairs, the British parliament and Cabinet maintaining political control over certain areas, such as foreign affairs, national defence, and constitutional changes. Canada gradually gained increasing independence over the years, notably with the passage of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, until finally becoming completely independent with the passing of the 1982 Constitution Act which served to fully patriate the Canadian constitution. Under",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "72545",
"score": "1.0172331",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Canada under British rule",
"text": "Canada, which remained under the purview of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada's final vestige of legislative dependence on the United Kingdom was terminated in 1982 with the enactment of the Canada Act, subsequently providing Canada with full legal legislative sovereignty independent of the United Kingdom. In North America, the Seven Years' War had seen Great Britain conquer all of the French colony of Canada. The war officially ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris on February 10, 1763. As part of the treaty, France formally renounced its claims to all its North American lands to Britain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7774765",
"score": "0.99798405",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "History of Canada",
"text": "by the 1840 Act of Union, and responsible government was achieved in 1848, a few months after it was accomplished in Nova Scotia. The parliament of United Canada in Montreal was set on fire by a mob of Tories in 1849 after the passing of an indemnity bill for the people who suffered losses during the rebellion in Lower Canada. Between the Napoleonic Wars and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America, mainly from the British Isles, as part of the great migration of Canada. These included Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "628544",
"score": "0.9859045",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "History of Western civilization",
"text": "Island. Rebellions broke out against British rule in 1837, but Britain appeased the rebels' supporters in 1867 by confederating the colonies into the Dominion of Canada, with its own Prime Minister. Although Canada was still firmly within the British Empire, its people now enjoyed a great degree of self-rule. Canada was unique in the British Empire in that it had a French-speaking province, Quebec, which Britain had gained rule over in the Seven Years' War. The First Fleet of British convicts arrived at New South Wales, Australia in 1788 and established a British outpost and penal colony at Sydney Cove.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7309070",
"score": "0.9818997",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Canadian nationalism",
"text": "(present day Quebec) to achieve independence from the British Empire. These culminated in the failed Rebellions of 1837. These movements had republican and pro-American tendencies and many of the rebels fled to the US following the failure of the rebellion. Afterwards Canadian patriots began focusing on self-government and political reform within the British Empire. This was a cause championed by early Liberals such as the Reform Party (pre-Confederation) and the Clear Grits, while Canada's early Conservatives, supported by loyalist institutions and big business, supported stronger links to Britain. Following the achievement of constitutional independence in 1867 (Confederation) both of Canada's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4057072",
"score": "0.97924304",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Decolonization of the Americas",
"text": "later upon compensation. Canada's transition from colonial rule to independence occurred gradually over many decades and was achieved mostly through political means, as opposed to the violent revolutions that marked the end of colonialism in other North and South American countries. Attempts at revolting against the British, such as the Rebellion of 1837, were brief and quickly put down. Canada was declared a dominion within the British Empire in 1867. Originally, the Canadian Confederation included just a few of what are now Canada's eastern provinces; other British colonies in modern-day Canada, such as British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7420391",
"score": "0.9776914",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "History of Ottawa",
"text": "allies in the Maritimes, at Quebec City on the Plains of Abraham, and later Montreal, Great Britain controlled all of Canada. Consequently, areas west of Montreal began receiving many English-speaking settlers from Great Britain. Populations in Eastern Ontario also increased following the American Revolution's 1776 Declaration of Independence. Many United Empire Loyalists migrated to Canada, assisted by Britain, which granted them 200 acres (81 ha) of land and other items with which to rebuild their lives. The Constitutional Act of 1791, established the provinces of Upper Canada and Lower Canada which would last from December 26, 1791, to February 10,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15829920",
"score": "0.9610683",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Canadian identity",
"text": "example, Champlain gained an alliance with the Wyandot or Huron of today's Ontario, and the enmity of the Iroquois of what is now northern New York State. Although English settlement began in Newfoundland in 1610, and the Hudson's Bay Company was chartered in 1670, it was only with the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713 that France ceded to Great Britain its claims to mainland Nova Scotia and significant British colonization of what would become mainland Canada would begin. Even then, prior to the American Revolution, Nova Scotia was settled largely by planters from New England who took up lands following",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8330609",
"score": "0.9596969",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Canada under British rule",
"text": "Americans invaded again in 1813, capturing Fort York (now Toronto). Later in the year, the Americans took control of the Great Lakes after the Battle of Lake Erie and the Battle of the Thames, but they had much less success in Lower Canada, where they were defeated at the Battle of Châteauguay and the Battle of Crysler's Farm. The Americans were driven out of Upper Canada in 1814 after the Battle of Lundy's Lane, although they still controlled the Great Lakes and defeated the British at the Battle of Lake Champlain. In English Canada, it is seen as a victory",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7774777",
"score": "0.9585351",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"text": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Canada under British rule",
"text": "raids. During and after the Revolution, approximately 70,000 United Empire Loyalists fled the United States. Of these, roughly 50,000 Loyalists settled in the British North American colonies, which then consisted of Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Quebec, and Prince Edward Island (created 1769). The Loyalists who settled in western Nova Scotia wanted political freedom from Halifax, so Britain split off the colony of New Brunswick in 1784. Quebec was also divided into Lower Canada and Upper Canada under the Constitutional Act of 1791, permitting the 8,000 Loyalists who settled in southwestern Quebec (which became Upper Canada) to have a province in which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7774774",
"score": "0.95768994",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Canada in the World Wars and Interwar Years",
"text": "of World War I Canada was a founding member of the League of Nations and was granted full membership. But the Borden and King governments made it clear that \"Canada lived 'in a fireproof house far from flammable materials' and felt no automatic obligation to the principle of collective security\". Very much like the United States, after the great war Canada turned away from international politics. Instead, King focused his attention on good relations with the United States and on greater independence from Great Britain, moving into a position of near isolation. Thus, in 1922 King refused to support the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7774934",
"score": "0.9562359",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Canadian identity",
"text": "During this period, World War I helped to establish a separate Canadian identity among Anglophoners, especially through the military experiences of the Battle of Vimy Ridge and the Battle of Passchendaele and the intense homefront debates on patriotism. (A similar crisis, though much less intense, erupted in World War II.) In the 1920s, the Dominion of Canada achieved greater independence from Britain, notably in the Statute of Westminster in 1931. It remained part of the larger Commonwealth but played an independent role in the League of Nations. As Canada became increasingly independent and sovereign, its primary foreign relationship and point",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8330628",
"score": "0.95360994",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Decolonization of the Americas",
"text": "would join later. Additionally, Britain's and Norway's claims to Arctic lands were ceded to Canada in the late 19th and early 20th century. By 1931, the United Kingdom had relinquished its control over Canada's foreign policy. What few political links that remained between Canada and the UK were formally severed in 1982 with the Canada Act. Other countries did not gain independence until the 20th century: From the United Kingdom: From the Netherlands: Some parts of the Americas are still administered by European countries or the USA: Some of the remaining non-sovereign territories of the Americas have retained this status",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7420392",
"score": "0.9525186",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Military history of Canada",
"text": "amid much controversy, a full-fledged Canadian military was created. Canada, however, remained a British dominion, and Canadian forces joined their British counterparts in the Second Boer War and the First World War. While independence followed the Statute of Westminster, Canada's links to Britain remained strong, and the British once again had the support of Canadians during the Second World War. Since then, Canada has been committed to multilateralism and has gone to war within large multinational coalitions such as in the Korean War, the Gulf War, the Kosovo War, and the Afghan war. The causes of aboriginal warfare tended to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2358589",
"score": "0.95145047",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Great War (series)",
"text": "used to break through the Anglo-Canadian lines, leading to the fall of Quebec City and Winnipeg. The United States establishes the Republic of Quebec out of the Canadian province, and American and French-speaking \"Québécois\" forces charge towards Toronto, Ontario. By this point the C.S. has been defeated, and with all the U.S. soldiers on the U.S. - C.S. Front now ready to head to Canada, the British Empire requests a cease-fire, which is granted in early June 1917. With U.S.–German-Brazilian naval operations cutting off Great Britain from its Argentine and Australian food suppliers, the United Kingdom sues for peace later",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2002179",
"score": "0.9512361",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Canadian Confederation",
"text": "after Confederation in 1867. Defence of British North America became a Canadian responsibility. Foreign policy remained in British hands, the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council remained Canada's highest court of appeal, and the constitution could be amended only in Britain. Gradually, Canada gained more autonomy, and in 1931, obtained almost full autonomy within the British Commonwealth with the Statute of Westminster. Because the provinces of Canada were unable to agree on a constitutional amending formula, this power remained with the British Parliament. In 1982, the constitution was patriated when Elizabeth II gave her royal assent to the Canada Act",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "841816",
"score": "0.9511895",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "History of Canada",
"text": "of Vancouver Island merged into a single Colony of British Columbia; it joined the Canadian Confederation in 1871. In 1873, Prince Edward Island joined. Newfoundland—which had no use for a transcontinental railway—voted no in 1869, and did not join Canada until 1949. In 1873 John A. Macdonald (First Prime Minister of Canada) created the North-West Mounted Police (now the Royal Canadian Mounted Police) to help police the Northwest Territories. Specifically the Mounties were to assert Canadian sovereignty over possible American encroachments into the sparsely populated land. The Mounties' first large-scale mission was to suppress the second independence movement by Manitoba's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "628552",
"score": "0.949059",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Constitutional history of Canada",
"text": "Constitutional history of Canada The constitutional history of Canada begins with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, in which France ceded most of New France to Great Britain. Canada was the colony along the St Lawrence River, part of present-day Ontario and Quebec. Its government underwent many structural changes over the following century. In 1867 Canada became the name of the new federal Dominion extending ultimately from the Atlantic to the Pacific and the Arctic coasts. Canada obtained legislative autonomy from the United Kingdom in 1931, and had its constitution (including a new rights charter) patriated in 1982. Canada's constitution includes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3762991",
"score": "0.9485732",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Canada–United Kingdom relations",
"text": "Scotia. The Dominion of Canada was formed as a Dominion of the British Empire. The history of relations between Canada and Britain well into the 20th Century is really the story of Canada's slow evolution towards full sovereignty. In 1759, Britain conquered New France, and, after the Treaty of Paris (1763), began to populate formerly-French Canada with English-speaking settlers. British governors ruled these new territories absolutely until the Constitutional Act of 1791, which created the first Canadian legislatures. These weak bodies were still inferior to the governors until the granting of responsible government in 1848. With their new powers, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11450552",
"score": "0.9483949",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Quebec",
"text": "New Brunswick and Nova Scotia joined Ontario and Quebec in the new Dominion of Canada. The other provinces then joined the Confederation, one after the other: Manitoba and the Northwest Territories in 1870, British Columbia in 1871, Prince Edward Island in 1873, Yukon in 1898, Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905, Newfoundland in 1949 and finally Nunavut in 1999. When the Great Britain declared war on August 4, 1914, Canada was automatically involved as a dominion. About 6,000 volunteers from Quebec participated on the European front. Although reaction to conscription was favourable in English Canada the idea was deeply unpopular in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9141415",
"score": "0.94820726",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "History of Canada",
"text": "of New France was established in 1534 and was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1763 after the French defeat in the Seven Years' War. The now British Province of Quebec was divided into Upper and Lower Canada in 1791 and reunified in 1841. In 1867, the Province of Canada was joined with two other British colonies of New Brunswick and Nova Scotia through Confederation, forming a self-governing entity named Canada. The new dominion expanded by incorporating other parts of British North America, finishing with Newfoundland and Labrador in 1949. Although responsible government had existed in Canada since 1848, Britain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "628501",
"score": "0.9480168",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "History of monarchy in Canada",
"text": "History of monarchy in Canada The history of monarchy in Canada stretches from pre-colonial times through to the present day. Canada's monarchical status began with the establishment of the French colony of New France in the name of King Francis I in 1534; although a previous claim was made by England in the name of King Henry VII in 1497 when John Cabot made landfall in what is thought to be modern day Newfoundland or Nova Scotia. Through both these lineages, the present Canadian monarchy can trace itself back to the Anglo-Saxon period and ultimately to the kings of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7881309",
"score": "0.9462299",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Canada",
"text": "three British North American colonies through Confederation, Canada was formed as a federal dominion of four provinces. This began an accretion of provinces and territories and a process of increasing autonomy from the United Kingdom. This widening autonomy was highlighted by the Statute of Westminster of 1931 and culminated in the Canada Act of 1982, which severed the vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament, except for the power to amend its constitution. Canada is a federal parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is a realm within the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7749376",
"score": "0.94507384",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Constitutional history of Canada",
"text": "Ontario and Province of Quebec, respectively. Quebec and Ontario were given equal footing with New Brunswick and Nova Scotia in the Parliament of Canada. This was done to counter the claims of manifest destiny made by the United States of America, for the defense of Britain's holdings. American claims are evinced by the invasions of the Canadas during the British-American War (1812) and the British-American War (1776). Prior to the BNA Act of 1867, the British colonies of the Province of New Brunswick, Province of Nova Scotia, and Province of Prince Edward Island, discussed the possibility of a fusion to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3763028",
"score": "0.94236445",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Monarchy of Canada",
"text": "increased fortitude of Canadian nationalism inspired the country's leaders to push for greater independence from the King in his British Council, resulting in the creation of the uniquely Canadian monarchy through the Statute of Westminster, which was granted Royal Assent in 1931. Only five years later, Canada had three successive kings in the space of one year, with the death of George V, the accession and abdication of Edward VIII, and his replacement by George VI. The latter became in 1939 the first reigning monarch of Canada to tour the country (though previous kings had done so before their accession).",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "669429",
"score": "0.9423504",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Former colonies and territories in Canada",
"text": "created the Kingdom of Great Britain) began in the late 16th century and reached its peak when colonies had been established throughout the Americas. The Kingdom of Great Britain acquired the French colony of Acadia in 1713 and then Canada, New France. Great Britain also claimed the west coast of North America; indirectly via (from 1804) the North West Company and (after 1821) Hudson's Bay Company licenses west of the Rocky Mountains, the Columbia and New Caledonia fur districts, most of which were jointly claimed by the United States, which called it the Oregon Country, from 1818 until the 49th",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14673884",
"score": "0.94227237",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "History of Canada",
"text": "continued to set its foreign and defence policies until the end of the First World War. The passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931 recognized that Canada had become co-equal with the United Kingdom. After the Constitution was patriated in 1982\",\" the final vestiges of legal dependence on the British parliament were removed. Canada currently consists of ten provinces and three territories and is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy with Queen Elizabeth II as its head of state. Over centuries, elements of Indigenous, French, British and more recent immigrant customs have combined to form a Canadian culture",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "628502",
"score": "0.941273",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "American Canadians",
"text": "founding of the two countries as the United States in 1776 and Canada in 1867. Prior to the independence of the United States and the formation of Canada, the settled areas were British colonies. Many American Canadians chose to live in major cities such as Toronto and other urban areas of southern Ontario, such as Windsor, facing Detroit, and Niagara Falls, Ontario, across from Niagara Falls, New York, in the Buffalo area. Vancouver; Osoyoos, British Columbia; Edmonton, Alberta; and Calgary, Alberta, also have American expatriate colonies. Americans have moved to Canada throughout history. During the American Revolution, many white Americans,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8834405",
"score": "0.9407928",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Great Migration of Canada",
"text": "increased use of quarantine facilities such as Grosse Isle, Quebec and Partridge Island, New Brunswick. Great Migration of Canada The Great Migration of Canada (also known as the Great Migration from Britain) was a period of high immigration to Canada from 1815 to 1850, involving over 800,000 immigrants. Though Europe was becoming richer through the Industrial Revolution, population growth made the relative number of jobs low, forcing many to look to the New World for economic success, especially Canada and America. In the late 18th and early 19th century, there occurred a transition in parts of Great Britain's previously manual-labor-based",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12531195",
"score": "0.9392303",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Canada Act 1982",
"long_answer": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Canada's Constitution Act, 1982 was signed into law by Elizabeth II as Queen of Canada on April 17, 1982 on Parliament Hill in Ottawa. Queen Elizabeth's constitutional powers over Canada were not affected by the Act, and she remains Queen and Head of State of Canada. Canada has complete sovereignty as an independent country, however, and the Queen's role as monarch of Canada is separate from her role as the British monarch or the monarch of any of the other Commonwealth realms.",
"short_answers": [
"April 17, 1982"
]
}
|
when were birth certificates first issued in the united states
|
[
"1902",
"1900",
"From 1900 to 1946"
] |
[
{
"title": "Sealed birth records",
"text": "illegitimate birth. After World War II, the laws in most states were changed to permanently seal adoptees' original birth certificates to all parties. Kansas and Alaska never sealed adoptees' original birth certificates and many states and provinces of the U.S. and Canada have recently begun return the right of adult adoptees to access their original birth certificates. The history of sealed birth records in Canada mirrors that of the United States. It is complicated by the forced adoptions of Native American children. Sealed birth records Sealed birth records, as opposed to open records, refers to the practice of sealing the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7386300",
"score": "1.1267295",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Intersex rights in the United States",
"text": "sex marker from New York City, the first birth certificate issued using this term in the United States. Keenan had applied for a \"non-binary\" birth certificate but the City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene required a biological term. Press coverage in December 2016 also disclosed that Ohio issued a birth certificate with a sex marker of 'hermaphrodite' in 2012. Ohio issues birth certificates based on \"an historical record of the facts as they existed at the time of birth\" and the individual was able to demonstrate a diagnosis of true hermaphrodite. Birth certificates are also known to have no",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19981080",
"score": "1.1255525",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "was no longer considered a secure document, and have not been issued in California since 2001. Most hospitals in the U.S. issue a souvenir birth certificate which may include the footprints of the newborn. However, these birth certificates are not legally accepted as proof of age or citizenship, and are frequently rejected by the Bureau of Consular Affairs during passport applications. Many Americans believe the souvenir records to be their official birth certificates when in reality they hold little legal value. In the United States, when an adoption is finalized, the government seals the original birth certificate and will issue",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675470",
"score": "1.1096537",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "January 1, 1996. The birth certificate used currently is the fifth edition, which was adopted since January 1, 2014. Still, China, the world's most populous country, is among those with no globally comparable data, presenting challenges to researchers who wish to assess global and regional progress towards universal birth registration. In England and Wales, the description \"birth certificate\" is used to describe a certified copy of an entry in the birth register. Civil registration of births, marriages and deaths in England and Wales started on 1 July 1837. Registration was not compulsory until 1875, following the Registration of Births and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675455",
"score": "1.10929",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "itself a child of full age, guardian(s) or caregiver(s). Issuance of the document is made in the offices of the registrar, \"ZAGS\" (). With the loss of the certificate, a new document is issued by the registry office (ZAGS) in the place of the original receipt on the basis of a written application. In the U.S., the issuance of birth certificates is a function of the Vital Records Office of the states, capital district, territories and former territories. Birth in the U.S. establishes automatic eligibility for American citizenship, so a birth certificate from a local authority is commonly provided to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675465",
"score": "1.1051598",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "Deaths Act 1874, which made registration of a birth the responsibility of those present at the birth. When a birth is registered, the details are entered into the register book at the local register office for the district in which the birth took place and is retained permanently in the local register office. A copy of each entry in the birth register is sent to the General Register Office (GRO). Before the government's registration system was created, evidence of births and/or baptisms (and also marriages and death or burials) was dependent on the events being recorded in the records of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675456",
"score": "1.099555",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "Birth certificate A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term \"birth certificate\" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor. The documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece, Rome, and Persia. The original purpose of vital statistics was for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675442",
"score": "1.0976864",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "place of birth of the child, father's name, place of birth and occupation, mother's name, place of birth, maiden name, and occupation. Certificates for births before 1911 do not show the mother's maiden name, before 1969 do not show the detail(s) of the parent(s), place of birth and registration, and before 1984 do not show mother's occupation. The short certificate, titled 'CERTIFICATE OF BIRTH', shows the child's full name, sex, date, and place of birth. It does not give any detail(s) of the parent(s); therefore it is not proof of parentage. A short birth certificate is issued, free of charge,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675458",
"score": "1.096149",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Sealed birth records",
"text": "the practice of opening original birth records to adult adoptees, and should not be confused with open adoption, which can occur with or without sealed records, depending on the laws of the state or province in which it is carried out. Many nations have granted adult adoptees unfettered access to their original birth certificates. Mike Leigh's Oscar-nominated film \"Secrets & Lies\" (1996) revolves around a British woman who accesses her original birth certificate. Adoptee birth certificates were first sealed in the United States in 1917 for the purpose of protecting adopted people and their adoptive families from the stigma of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7386299",
"score": "1.0862229",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British system of recording all births in \"registers\", the states file an individual document for each and every birth.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Identity documents in the United States",
"text": "cannot verify identity. They verify only the match between a given name and a Social Security Number (SSN) and were intended only for use in complying with Social Security payroll tax laws. They now are used in a wider scope of activities, such as for obtaining credit and other regulated financial services in banking and investments. The birth certificate is the initial identification document issued to parents shortly after the birth of their child. The birth certificate is typically issued by local governments, usually the city or county where a child is born. It is an important record, often called",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5321008",
"score": "1.0778599",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "According to the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of Inspector General, there were more than 6,000 entities issuing birth certificates. The Inspector General report states that according to the staff at the Immigration and Naturalization Service’s Forensics Document Laboratory the number of legitimate birth certificate versions in use exceeded 14,000. In the case of applying for a U.S. passport, not all legitimate government-issued birth certificates are acceptable: A certified birth certificate has a registrar's raised, embossed, impressed or multicolored seal, registrar's signature, and the date the certificate was filed with the registrar's office, which must be within 1",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675468",
"score": "1.0769403",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "This number can then later be used to request the extract. Birth certificate A birth certificate is a vital record that documents the birth of a child. The term \"birth certificate\" can refer to either the original document certifying the circumstances of the birth or to a certified copy of or representation of the ensuing registration of that birth. Depending on the jurisdiction, a record of birth might or might not contain verification of the event by such as a midwife or doctor. The documentation of births is a practice widely held throughout human civilization, especially in China, Egypt, Greece,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675473",
"score": "1.0662895",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "United States presidential eligibility legislation",
"text": "with a valid copy of their birth certificates. Proposed legislation introduced in January 2011 would have required a presidential or vice presidential candidate to provide proof of birth that includes the names of the candidate's parents, and proof that the parents were United States citizens at the time of the candidate's birth; the candidate would also have to swear of affirm, \"I was born a citizen of the United States of America and was subject exclusively to the jurisdiction of the United States of America, owing allegiance to no other country at the time of my birth. On the day",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15497958",
"score": "1.0648155",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "New Zealand Birth Certificate",
"text": "records including historical birth certificates are available online in a searchable format on the Birth, Death and Marriage Historical Records website. The available records are for births recorded at least one hundred years ago. New Zealand Birth Certificate New Zealand Birth Certificates are issued to persons who were born in New Zealand. The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for issuing birth certificates in New Zealand. Information listed on New Zealand Birth Certificates are: The end of the certificate is ended by a legal clause and the person's birth registration number assigned at birth. Since 1 January 2006, a minor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12408363",
"score": "1.0626249",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Transgender rights in the United States",
"text": "Transgender rights in the United States Transgender rights in the United States vary considerably by jurisdiction. Birth certificates are typically issued by the Vital Records Office of the state (or equivalent territory, or capital district) where the birth occurred, and thus the listing of biological sex as male or female on the birth certificate (and whether or not this can be changed later) is regulated by state (or equivalent) law. However, federal law regulates sex as listed on a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, and other federal documents that list sex or name, such as the U.S. passport. Laws concerning",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13338911",
"score": "1.0569385",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "United States nationality law",
"text": "prove citizenship in lieu of the availability of an American birth certificate. Different rules apply for persons born abroad to one U.S. citizen before November 14, 1986. United States law on this subject changed multiple times throughout the twentieth century, and the law is applicable as it existed at the time of the individual's birth. For persons born between December 24, 1952 and November 14, 1986, a person is a U.S. citizen if all of the following are true: For persons born to two people who are not married to each other, the person is a U.S. citizen if all",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3769337",
"score": "1.053498",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Foreign Births Register",
"text": "the child's birth entered into the Foreign Births Register or a Foreign Births Entry Book. The citizenship of such children is effective from the date of registration, or for those registered on or before 30 June 1986, effective from the date of birth, or 17 July 1956 if the person was born before that date. Once entered, a certified copy of the entry is issued, which takes the form of an A4 certificate bearing the signature of a senior consular official and the stamp of authenticity from the authority responsible for having made the entry e.g. Irish diplomatic mission. This",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9267385",
"score": "1.0493636",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Confidential birth",
"text": "was also covered under the Bill of Rights. Sealed records law was installed in 1917, allowing both parties to benefit from the confidentiality, mainly the state and whoever else was involved. Birth certificates are sealed for those adopted so that the adoptive parents feel autonomy from the biological parents and receive the privacy that birth parents have. The sealed records law lets anyone adopted to create own fate without influence from biological parents and their origins. Some women choose not to give their personal information when giving birth to a child for the fact of privacy and keeping their personal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19109650",
"score": "1.0479852",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "the Church of England or in those of other various churches – not all of which maintained such records or all types of those records. Copies of such records are not issued by the General Register Office; but can be obtained from these churches, or from the local or national archive, which usually now keeps the records in original or copy form. There are two types of birth certificates: A full certificate, titled 'CERTIFIED COPY OF AN ENTRY' is a copy of the original entry in the birth register, giving all the recorded details. Information includes; name, sex, date, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675457",
"score": "1.0470142",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "Code of Québec unless their validity is recognized by a Quebec court. Inserting one's birth record into the Quebec register is a prerequisite for anyone born outside of Quebec to apply for a legal name change in the province. Semi-authentic birth certificates are issued in the long-form only. Depending on the province, certificates are in English, French or both languages. Birth certificates from Canadian territories are in English and French, as well as Inuktitut in Nunavut (though individual data is in the Roman alphabet only, not in Inuktitut syllabics). The People's Republic of China issued its first birth certificate on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675454",
"score": "1.0437359",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Genealogical certificate",
"text": "parents' names. There are also any changes listed in a genealogical certificate that have occurred since the birth of the child, such as adoption or name changes. Genealogical certificates were documents that reflected the actual descent of a person. For marriages a genealogical certificate was required since only it showed who the biological parents were. Since 2009, a \"certified register printout of birth registration\" is required upon marriage instead, which also contains information about the birth parents. This differs from the birth certificate, since the birth certificate only includes the legal parents, namely the adoptive parents. The biological fatherhood of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18789332",
"score": "1.0430107",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Transgender rights in the United States",
"text": "certificates, and state courts have varied in their application of such laws to transgender people. Most states permit the name and sex to be changed on a birth certificate, either through amending the existing birth certificate or by issuing a new one, but some of these states require medical proof of sex reassignment surgery before they will change the birth certificate. Other states — such as Kansas, Ohio, and Tennessee as of April 2015 — will not change the sex on a birth certificate at all. The first case to consider legal gender change in the U.S. was \"Mtr. of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13338929",
"score": "1.0423632",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Birth registration in ancient Rome",
"text": "Greco-Egyptian society, and government officials relied on the information from the census far more than birth registrations. Birth registration in ancient Rome Birth certificates for Roman citizens were introduced during the reign of Augustus (27 BC–14 AD). Until the time of Alexander Severus (222–235 AD), it was required that these documents be written in Latin as a marker of \"Romanness\" \"(Romanitas)\". There are 21 extant birth registration documents of Roman citizens. A standard birth registration included the date of birth. Completing birth registrations in Roman society were not compulsory. Whereas penalties for failure to register in the census existed, no",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9081176",
"score": "1.0415916",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "year of your birth. Please note, some short (abstract) versions of birth certificates may not be acceptable for passport purposes. Beginning April 1, 2011, all birth certificates must also include the full name of the applicant's parent(s). The U.S. State Department has paid close attention to abstract certificates from both Texas and California. There have been reports of a high incidence of midwife registration fraud along the border region between Texas and Mexico, and the Texas abstract certificate form does not list the name or occupation of the attendant. The California Abstract of Birth did not include an embossed seal,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675469",
"score": "1.041036",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"text": "a replacement birth certificate substituting the individual's birth name with the name selected by the adoptive parent(s), and replacing the birth parent(s) name with the adoptive parent(s). In those cases, adopted individuals are not granted access to their own original birth certificate upon request. Laws vary depending on the state where the birth was originally registered and the adoption was finalized. Some states allow adopted people unrestricted access to their own original birth certificate, while in others the certificate is available only if the biological parent(s) have given their permission or a petition has been granted by the court of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1675471",
"score": "1.0407584",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Sealed birth records",
"text": "Sealed birth records Sealed birth records, as opposed to open records, refers to the practice of sealing the original birth certificate of an infant upon adoption. The original sealed birth certificate is replaced with an amended birth certificate declaring the adoptee to be the child of his or her adoptive parents. Many states, provinces and countries adopted this practice in the early to mid-20th century with the aim of protecting the adopted person from the shame of his or her illegitimate birth. Sealed or closed birth records are generally associated with closed adoption. Open records is generally referred to as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7386298",
"score": "1.0393734",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Birth registration in ancient Rome",
"text": "societies. A freeborn person who was illegitimate enjoyed higher social status than a freedman. Illegitimate children did have some disadvantages under the law. Their birth could not be officially registered during the first 150 years when birth certificates existed. A law passed in 178 AD, however, gave illegitimate children the same right as legitimate children to share in their mother's property if she died without leaving a will. After the Empire had come under Christian rule, this right was taken away from those born outside wedlock. For illegitimate children, the date of birth was more complex and less authoritative since",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9081173",
"score": "1.0366561",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Identity documents in the United States",
"text": "or one citizen parent and one non-citizen, also typically has citizenship from birth. Such births are registered with the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate. If the embassy or consulate determines the child acquired citizenship at birth, it issues a Consular Report of Birth Abroad, also known as Form FS-240. A birth certificate will also be issued locally in the country where the child was born. The consular report is proof of U.S. citizenship and may be used to obtain a passport for the child and register the child for school, among other purposes. The Social Security number (SSN) and card",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5321010",
"score": "1.0330544",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "New Zealand Birth Certificate",
"text": "New Zealand Birth Certificate New Zealand Birth Certificates are issued to persons who were born in New Zealand. The Department of Internal Affairs is responsible for issuing birth certificates in New Zealand. Information listed on New Zealand Birth Certificates are: The end of the certificate is ended by a legal clause and the person's birth registration number assigned at birth. Since 1 January 2006, a minor addition shows on all new certificates ordered: 'New Zealand Citizen by Birth' will be added and will have 'Yes', 'No' or 'Not Applicable to births that occurred prior to 1 January 2006' Certain historical",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12408362",
"score": "1.0312471",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Birth certificate",
"long_answer": "The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British system of recording all births in \"registers\", the states file an individual document for each and every birth.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The federal and state governments have traditionally cooperated to some extent to improve vital statistics. From 1900 to 1946 the U.S. Census Bureau designed standard birth certificates, collected vital statistics on a national basis, and generally sought to improve the accuracy of vital statistics. In 1946 that responsibility was passed to the U.S. Public Health Service. Unlike the British system of recording all births in \"registers\", the states file an individual document for each and every birth.",
"short_answers": [
"1900",
"From 1900 to 1946"
]
}
|
when did marley die in a christmas carol
|
[
"December 24, 1836"
] |
[
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2000 film)",
"text": "killing, but chooses not disclose this information to the police, or Marley's family. On Christmas Eve, Eddie awakens from a nightmare about the night of Marley's death, and is taught the true meaning of Christmas by the three ghosts of Christmas, past, present and future: his dad (Warren Mitchell), Marley himself and his future son (Ben Inigo-Jones). A Christmas Carol (2000 film) A Christmas Carol is a British television crime fantasy drama film, written by Peter Bowker, that first broadcast on ITV on 20 December, 2000. The film is a modern adaptation of Charles Dickens' \"A Christmas Carol\", and stars",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9367805",
"score": "1.1151216",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (1982 film)",
"text": "Scrooge receives a ghostly visit from his long deceased partner Jacob Marley, who had died exactly seven years before on that same day. In his life, Jacob Marley had been just as selfish and uncaring as Scrooge was now. He tells Ebenezer about how his soul has not had a moment's rest since his death and how his spirit has been doomed to wander the earth looking down at what might have been, had he been a different man. He tells Scrooge that he wants to spare him that same fate, and that on that night, he will receive the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11728360",
"score": "1.0327948",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "A Carol for Another Christmas",
"text": "Marley, who was killed in WWII twenty years earlier, on Christmas Eve 1944. After Fred leaves, Grudge once again hears the record playing upstairs, and sees a short vision of the deceased Marley sitting at the dining room table. Suddenly Grudge finds himself aboard a World War I-era troopship, which is carrying many coffins. A soldier on board introduces himself as the Ghost of Christmas Past (Lawrence) and explains that the ship is carrying the dead of all nations and from all past wars, with more war dead arriving even as he speaks. The Ghost suggests that the way to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4539275",
"score": "1.0176394",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2004 film)",
"text": "rebuffs all of their requests for charity; as he walks away from each, they imply that Scrooge will pay for his actions, specifically referencing his past, present, and future respectively. Meanwhile, Scrooge's faithful but long-suffering clerk Bob Cratchit returns to his own impoverished family, telling his ill son Tiny Tim that despite their circumstances, their love for one another is the greatest treasure on Earth (\"You Mean More to Me\"). That night, as Scrooge dines alone before going to bed, the ghost of his seven-year dead partner Jacob Marley appears; Marley is doomed to spend the afterlife bound in heavy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6559999",
"score": "1.0155787",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"text": "Jacob Marley Jacob Marley is a fictional character who appears in Charles Dickens's 1843 novella \"A Christmas Carol\". He is Ebenezer Scrooge’s deceased business partner, now a chained and tormented ghost, doomed to wander the earth forever as punishment for his greed and selfishness when he was alive. Marley roams restlessly, witnessing the hardships others suffer and lamenting that he has forever lost his chance to help them. Marley arranges for the three spirits to visit Scrooge and gives his friend an opportunity for redemption, which Marley tells him was \"...a chance and hope of my procuring.\" In \"A Christmas",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4761819",
"score": "1.010744",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2006 film)",
"text": "A Christmas Carol (2006 film) A Christmas Carol (a.k.a. A Christmas Carol: Scrooge's Ghostly Tale) is a 2006 computer-animated film adaptation of the Charles Dickens tale, produced by BKN Home Entertainment. It was released theatrically in select cities by Kidtoon Films on November 6, 2006, and was released on DVD on November 21, 2006 by Genius Products and was part of BKN's anthology and trilogy series \"BKN Classic Series\". This version casts the famous Dickens characters as anthropomorphic animals; Ebenezer Scrooge and his relatives are skunks, Bob Cratchit and his family are rabbits, the ghost of Jacob Marley is a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9110127",
"score": "1.0081064",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2004 film)",
"text": "to Me\". The visit of the ghost of Jacob Marley becomes a large-scale production number (\"Link By Link\"), featuring a half-dozen singing, dancing spirits presented with various levels of makeup and special effects. One of these ghosts in this version is known to be an old colleague of Scrooge and Marley's, Mr. Haynes, who was said to be \"mean to the \"bone\"\", resulting in his charred skeleton. Other puns include a headless spirit who wanted to get \"ahead\", a man with a safe full of coins in his chest who \"never had a heart\" and a man carrying a box",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6560011",
"score": "1.0041308",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (1938 film)",
"text": "the ghost of his deceased business partner, Jacob Marley, who warns Scrooge to repent his wicked ways or he will be condemned in the afterlife as Marley was. He tells Scrooge he will be haunted by three spirits. At one o'clock, Scrooge is visited by the youthful Ghost of Christmas Past, who takes him back in time to his early life. Scrooge is shown his unhappiness when he was left to spend the holidays alone at school, and his joy when his sister, Fran, came to take him home for Christmas. The spirit reminds Scrooge that Fran, dead for some",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4298583",
"score": "1.0018559",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Scrooge (1951 film)",
"text": "the film; Ernest Thesiger as Marley's undertaker; and Patrick Macnee as young Jacob Marley. Michael Hordern plays Marley's ghost, as well as adult Marley. Peter Bull serves as narrator, by reading portions of Dickens' words at the beginning and end of the film; he also appears on-screen as one of the businessmen discussing Scrooge's funeral. Ebenezer Scrooge (Alastair Sim) is seen leaving the London Exchange on his way to his counting house on Christmas Eve, 1843. Scrooge tells two other men of business that he has no intention of celebrating Christmas, which he considers to be a humbug. He refuses",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4092524",
"score": "0.9956715",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"text": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol",
"text": "Christmas Carol\" opens on a bleak, cold Christmas Eve in London, seven years after the death of Ebenezer Scrooge's business partner, Jacob Marley. Scrooge, an ageing miser, dislikes Christmas and refuses a dinner invitation from his nephew Fred—the son of Fan, Scrooge's dead sister. He turns away two men who seek a donation from him to provide food and heating for the poor, and only grudgingly allows his overworked, underpaid clerk, Bob Cratchit, Christmas Day off with pay to conform to the social custom. That night Scrooge is visited at home by Marley's ghost, who wanders the Earth entwined by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "811429",
"score": "0.9904316",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol",
"text": "beliefs and principles on the New Testament. Dickens's statement that Marley \"had no bowels\" is a reference to the \"bowels of compassion\" mentioned in the First Epistle of John, the reason for his eternal damnation. Other writers, including Kelly, consider that Dickens put forward a \"secular vision of this sacred holiday\". The Dickens scholar John O. Jordan argues that \"A Christmas Carol\" shows what Dickens referred to in a letter to Foster as his \"\"Carol\" philosophy, cheerful views, sharp anatomisation of humbug, jolly good temper ... and a vein of glowing, hearty, generous, mirthful, beaming reference in everything to Home",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "811452",
"score": "0.98899585",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (1971 film)",
"text": "performance as Marley's Ghost in the same film. Michael Redgrave narrated the story and veteran animator Chuck Jones served as executive producer. Williams' son Alexander Williams, then aged four, provided the voice for Tiny Tim. This adaptation of \"A Christmas Carol\" has a distinctive look, created by multiple pans and zooms and by innovative, unexpected scene transitions. The visual style, which is unusually powerful, is inspired by 19th century engraved illustrations of the original story by John Leech and the pen and ink renderings by illustrator Milo Winter that graced 1930s editions of the book. The intended audience does not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6047064",
"score": "0.98877406",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"text": "Marley as having been a good friend to him. Seven years after his death, on Christmas Eve, Marley's ghost visits Scrooge. Marley preys upon Scrooge's mind in many different ways, notably his face manifesting on the knocker on Scrooge's front door and causing the bells in his house to ring. The ghost maintains the same voice, hairstyle and sense of dress that he had in life, but is translucent. He wears a handkerchief tied about his jaws, and \"captive, bound and double-ironed\" with chains which are described as \"long, and wound about him like a tail; it was made... of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4761821",
"score": "0.98819447",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"text": "wasted lives by attempting to help a homeless mother and baby. Jacob Marley Jacob Marley is a fictional character who appears in Charles Dickens's 1843 novella \"A Christmas Carol\". He is Ebenezer Scrooge’s deceased business partner, now a chained and tormented ghost, doomed to wander the earth forever as punishment for his greed and selfishness when he was alive. Marley roams restlessly, witnessing the hardships others suffer and lamenting that he has forever lost his chance to help them. Marley arranges for the three spirits to visit Scrooge and gives his friend an opportunity for redemption, which Marley tells him",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4761825",
"score": "0.98407793",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Christmas Carol: The Movie",
"text": "yet to come shows Scrooge what will happen In the future. Tim dies with his family mourning him and the dead man that got robbed and spoken of was himself after seeing his 'grave'. The ghost of Marley returns him to the present where Scrooge at first does not change but after seeing his 'chains' via a mirror quickly repents and hires a boy to buy and deliver a goose to the Cratchits. Scrooge becomes a kinder man and is praised by the ghosts of the Past and Present. However Scrooge becomes guilt ridden when the children's hospital Belle and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5843172",
"score": "0.9825744",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2004 film)",
"text": "is stronger than his affection for her. In a final tragic moment, Marley himself suddenly falls ill in their counting house on Christmas Eve, dying in Scrooge's arms. At the stroke of Two, the Ghost of Christmas Present--who resembles the barker selling tickets--haunts Scrooge and shows him how others keep the spirit of the season (\"Abundance and Charity\"). He first transports him to a joyous Christmas pageant, where dancers and singers describe the pleasures found in the Yuletide; the lessons seem to be affecting Scrooge, as he joins in the pageant and gives young Grace Smythe (who is in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6560003",
"score": "0.98068833",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "A Carol for Another Christmas",
"text": "appeared on his 1966 Christmas album, \"A Merry Mancini Christmas\". Peter Fonda's scenes as Grudge's late son Marley were cut from the film prior to release, leaving only brief glimpses of Fonda reflected in a glass door and sitting mute at a table. However, Fonda's image remains in the film in the form of a large portrait of Marley hanging prominently in Grudge's study where several scenes take place. Although advance publicity articles listed Richard Harris, Godfrey Cambridge and Christopher Plummer among the cast, none of these actors appear in the finished film. The main character was originally named Benjamin",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4539284",
"score": "0.9804527",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol",
"text": "be corrected. The novella was adapted for the stage almost immediately. Three productions opened on 5 February 1844, one by Edward Stirling being sanctioned by Dickens and running for more than 40 nights. By the close of February 1844 eight rival \"A Christmas Carol\" theatrical productions were playing in London. The story has been adapted for film and television more than any of Dickens's other works. In 1901 it was produced as \"Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost\", a silent black-and-white British film; it was one of the first known adaptations of a Dickens work on film, but it is now largely",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "811466",
"score": "0.98018587",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2006 film)",
"text": "cricket, the Ghost of Christmas Past is a stork, the Ghost of Christmas Present is a kangaroo and the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a walrus. This version differs from the original novel in many ways; for example, the Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come actually speaks, while most other versions have him mute. Tiny Tim doesn't die in the possible future revealed to Scrooge, but instead becomes as miserly as he is and Jacob Marley is said to be dead 2 years, unlike the original novel in which he was dead for 7 years. We also see",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9110128",
"score": "0.9795059",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (Shower of Stars)",
"text": "have also survived. The program is introduced on kinescope by host William Lundigan. The production boasted a script and lyrics by noted American playwright Maxwell Anderson, and a score by Bernard Herrmann. Fredric March, in his only known portrayal of the role, starred as Ebenezer Scrooge, and Basil Rathbone portrayed Marley's Ghost. The production featured few songs, but those it did feature forced the adapters to severely condense the story, especially the final third. Rather than having a Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come, the adaptation featured a mynah bird, who leads Scrooge to a graveyard in which he sees",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16674855",
"score": "0.9773147",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Scrooge (musical)",
"text": "Jenkins, who leads the angry crowd in despise of Scrooge (\"Father Christmas\"/\"I Hate People\"). Scrooge is visited by the ghost of Jacob Marley, his business partner who has been dead for the past seven years, who tells Scrooge to (\"Make The Most Of This World\") or else the afterlife will be bad for him. He informs Scrooge that he is to be visited by three spirits at 1am, 2am and 3am respectively. Marley also explains the significance of a chain he is wearing - the chain has been built up of sins in life. As Marley leaves, Scrooge is angry",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12871194",
"score": "0.9753302",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Mister Magoo's Christmas Carol",
"text": "Cratchit to take the holiday off. Scrooge goes home and gets ready for bed, but is visited by the ghost of his business partner Jacob Marley, who has been dead for seven years. Marley is bound in heavy chains due to his misdeeds in life, and warns Scrooge that he risks the same fate unless he heeds the advice of three spirits who will visit him over the course of the night. The Ghost of Christmas Present visits Scrooge and takes him to observe Cratchit and his family, who are counting their blessings despite their poor situation (\"The Lord's Bright",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1063972",
"score": "0.9719732",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (1938 film)",
"text": "aspects of the story went completely unmentioned or unseen, in order to make this a \"family film\" in the style of other MGM literary adaptations, and also to accommodate a 69-minute run time. Although Marley's Ghost did appear, the phantoms wailing outside Scrooge's window were not shown. Scrooge's fiancée, who eventually leaves him because of his miserly ways, was completely dropped from the film, as were the two starving children \"Want\" and \"Ignorance\", who hid within the folds of the Ghost of Christmas Present's robe. Also gone were the thieves who ransack Scrooge's belongings after he \"dies\" in the Ghost",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4298589",
"score": "0.9650322",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (1908 film)",
"text": "Scrooge dismisses them. On the night of Christmas Eve, his long-dead partner Jacob Marley comes as a ghost, warning him of a horrible fate if he does not change his ways. Scrooge meets three spirits that show Scrooge the real meaning of Christmas, along with his grave, the result of his parsimonious ways. The next morning, he wakes and realizes the error of his ways. Scrooge was then euphoric and generous for the rest of his life. \"A Christmas Carol\" was produced by the Essanay Film Manufacturing Company and released December 9, 1908. \"It is impossible to praise this film",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10495602",
"score": "0.9649662",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost",
"text": "Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost Scrooge, or, Marley's Ghost is a 1901 British short silent drama film, directed by Walter R. Booth, featuring the miserly Ebenezer Scrooge confronted by Marley's ghost and given visions of Christmas past, present, and future, is the earliest known film adaptation of Charles Dickens's 1843 novel \"A Christmas Carol\". The film, \"although somewhat flat and stage-bound to modern eyes,\" according to Ewan Davidson of BFI Screenonline, \"was an ambitious undertaking at the time,\" as, \"not only did it attempt to tell an 80 page story in five minutes, but it featured impressive trick effects, superimposing Marley's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14081920",
"score": "0.96479315",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "A Christmas Carol (2000 film)",
"text": "part of his \"golden handcuffs\" deal with ITV, following his departure from \"EastEnders\". 9.41 million viewers watched the film on its debut Wednesday night broadcast. The film is also regularly repeated on ITV3 during the build up to Christmas each year. Despite its popularity, holding a 7.1/10 rating on IMDB, the film has never been released on DVD. Eddie Scrooge (Ross Kemp) is an unscrupulous loan shark living on a poor inner-city estate, who brings misery to everyone who knows him. When his business partner Jacob Marley (Ray Fearon) is shot dead, Eddie realises he knows the reason behind the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9367804",
"score": "0.9594376",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Scrooge & Marley (2012 film)",
"text": "Scrooge & Marley (2012 film) Scrooge & Marley is 2012 film adaptation of Charles Dickens' \"A Christmas Carol\", which is retold from a gay perspective, co-directed by Richard Knight Jr. and Peter Neville, and co-written by Knight, Timothy Imse, and Ellen Stoneking. It also features David Pevsner as Ebenezer \"Ben\" Scrooge, Tim Kazurinsky as the ghost of Scrooge's business partner Jacob Marley, Ronnie Kroell as the Ghost of Christmas Past, Megan Cavanagh as the Ghost of Christmas Present, and JoJo Baby as the Ghost of Christmas Future. The film adaptation received mixed reception. A gay successful piano bar owner Ebenezer",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20996191",
"score": "0.9573469",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Glee, Actually",
"text": "who were delighted to find out that there was still time to tell others how they felt. After failing to satisfy Becky with her Christmas gifts, Sue Sylvester (Jane Lynch) draws Millie Rose's (Trisha Rae Stahl) name in a Secret Santa event held among the McKinley High faculty and staff. Unsure what to get Millie, Sue happens upon a conversation between Millie and her daughter Marley Rose (Melissa Benoist). Marley wants to have a Christmas tree and at least some gifts, but Millie explains that they need to save money to pay a counselor to treat Marley for her eating",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16893437",
"score": "0.9569622",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Christmas Carol: The Movie",
"text": "Marley who wears a chain as punishment for his greedy ways when he was alive. He warns Scrooge he will be haunted by three spirits and the first will call at one in the morning. Despite the warning Scrooge continues his selfish ways by refusing to donate money to two men of business and instead supports the prisons and workhouses and even claims the poor better off dead and to 'Decrease the surplus population'. When Scrooge retires to bed he encounters the Ghost of Christmas Past who takes him back to his youth. Scrooge witnesses when he was unwanted in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5843169",
"score": "0.95646733",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Jacob Marley",
"long_answer": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).",
"chunked_long_answer": "In A Christmas Carol, Marley is the first character mentioned in the first line of the story. Jacob Marley is said to have died seven years earlier on Christmas Eve (as the setting is Christmas Eve 1843, this would have made the date of his passing December 24, 1836).",
"short_answers": [
"December 24, 1836"
]
}
|
time of the state of the nation address
|
[
"after 9pm ET"
] |
[
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (South Africa)",
"text": "of the Government Communications and Information Service (GCiS). State of the Nation Address (South Africa) The State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of South Africa, in which the President of South Africa reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint sitting of Parliament (the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). The speech marks the opening of the parliamentary year and is usually attended by important political and governmental figures of South Africa, including former Presidents, the Chief Justice",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11555427",
"score": "1.1709954",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "second State of the Nation Address. The opening date of Congress was again changed that year to the fourth Monday of every year. President Manuel L. Quezon delivered his final State of the Nation Address on January 31, 1941, prior to the onset of World War II. José P. Laurel, president of the Japanese-sponsored puppet Second Republic, was able to deliver his only message before the special session of the National Assembly, led by Speaker Benigno S. Aquino, Sr., on 18 October at the Legislative Building—four days after the Second Republic's establishment. This is, however, not considered a SONA as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5880946",
"score": "1.1695336",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation (Ghana)",
"text": "of the Nation address even though the national constitution they worked with explicitly demanded that he did so. Former president John Agyekum Kufuor, was the first president to deliver the state of the nation address in Ghana hence Sticking rigidly to the letter of the constitution, which says the president should give a State of the Nation address at the beginning and close of every parliamentary session. since then The state of the nation has been in existence. State of the Nation (Ghana) The State of the Nation is an annual address to Parliament given by the President of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18622361",
"score": "1.167376",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "President to summarise the accomplishments and plans of his/her programme of government both for a particular year and until the end of their term of office. The Address is usually delivered at around 16:00 PST (UTC+8). Before the appointed time, legislators enter the Plenary Session Hall, with Congresswomen and consorts of Congressmen in recent years sporting traditionally-inspired bespoke couture that, in some cases, expresses their legislative agenda or ideological leanings. The President meanwhile arrives at the Batasang Pambansa Complex some minutes before the beginning of the joint session, and enters the main building through a back entrance. The President is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5880940",
"score": "1.1644704",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (South Africa)",
"text": "State of the Nation Address (South Africa) The State of the Nation Address of the President of South Africa (abbreviated SONA) is an annual event in the Republic of South Africa, in which the President of South Africa reports on the status of the nation, normally to the resumption of a joint sitting of Parliament (the National Assembly and the National Council of Provinces). The speech marks the opening of the parliamentary year and is usually attended by important political and governmental figures of South Africa, including former Presidents, the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court and other members of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11555425",
"score": "1.1622379",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "for women, in preparation for President Rodrigo Duterte's first address in 2016. State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA; Filipino: \"Talumpatì sa Kalagayan ng Bansâ\") is an annual address by the President of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines. Mandated by the 1987 Constitution, the speech is delivered every fourth Monday of July at the Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Metro Manila. The SONA, which is often broadcast, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5880953",
"score": "1.1524442",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "2016 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "City on the day of the State of the Nation Address itself, particularly in schools near the Batasang Pambansa. President Duterte arrived at the Session Hall of the House of Representatives at 4:00pm (PST). After the President's arrival, Senate President Koko Pimentel and House Speaker Pantaleon Alvarez convened the joint session of the both houses. The national anthem was sung by folk singer Bayang Barrios, followed by an interfaith unity prayer led by representatives from the Catholic Church, Protestants, Muslims and the Iglesia ni Cristo. The original speech of the president was intended to last for about 38 minutes, but",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19627709",
"score": "1.1467655",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The State of the Nation Address (abbreviated SONA; Filipino: \"Talumpatì sa Kalagayan ng Bansâ\") is an annual address by the President of the Philippines to a joint session of the Congress of the Philippines. Mandated by the 1987 Constitution, the speech is delivered every fourth Monday of July at the Plenary Session Hall of the Batasang Pambansa Complex in Batasan Hills, Quezon City, Metro Manila. The SONA, which is often broadcast, serves as a means to inform the nation about its present economic, political, and social condition. It is also a vehicle for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5880939",
"score": "1.1444168",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "to its consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" The first formal State of the Nation Address was delivered by President Manuel L. Quezon on June 16, 1936 at the Legislative Building in Manila. The dates of the SONA were fixed on June 16 of every year at the start of opening sessions of Congress, by virtue of Commonwealth Act № 17. However, CA 49 changed the date of the opening of Congress to October 16. In 1937, October 16 fell on a Saturday, and the opening of Congress was moved to 18th, when Quezon gave the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5880945",
"score": "1.1418774",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "State of the State address",
"text": "much more rare. The analogous address given by the President of the United States is known as the State of the Union address. State of the State address The State of the State Address is a speech customarily given once each year by the governors of each of the states of the United States (although the terminology for this speech differs for some states: in Iowa, the speech is called the Condition of the State Address; in Kentucky, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and Virginia it is called the State of the Commonwealth Address.). The speech is customarily delivered before both houses of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7604595",
"score": "1.1408248",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "2018 State of the Union Address",
"text": "45.6 million viewers. There were also 21 million interactions regarding the Address on social media. of the United States Constitution states that the president \"shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.\" On November 30, 2017, Speaker of the House Paul Ryan sent an invitation to the President to deliver a \"State of the Union address before a joint session of Congress on January 30, 2018, in the House Chamber.\" The speech was Trump's first State of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20520668",
"score": "1.1294757",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "1791 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1791 State of the Union Address The state of union is an address, in the United States, given by the president to a joint session of Congress, the United States House of Representatives and United States Senate. The United States constitution requires the president “from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union.” Today the state of the union address is given as a speech, though this is not a requirement of the constitution. George Washington chose to address the congress in a speech annually, on October 25, 1791 he gave his third speech.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18153431",
"score": "1.126718",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "report. Since Franklin Roosevelt, the State of the Union is given typically each January before a joint session of the United States Congress and is held in the House of Representatives chamber of the United States Capitol. Newly inaugurated presidents generally deliver an address to Congress in February of the first year of their term, but this speech is not officially considered to be a \"State of the Union\". What began as a communication between president and Congress has become in effect a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "476433",
"score": "1.1241039",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "2018 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "2018 State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The 2018 State of the Nation Address was the third State of the Nation Address delivered by President Rodrigo Duterte. On June 5, 2018, Joyce Bernal who is known for her romance comedy films, was selected to direct the 2018 State of the Nation Address. She was recommended by actor Robin Padilla to President Rodrigo Duterte with the head of state approving the suggestion. Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was installed as Speaker of the House of Representatives with 161 members voting for her appointment. Pantaleon Alvarez disputes the appointment and his allies blocked the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20817487",
"score": "1.1152399",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "1939 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1939 State of the Union Address The 1939 State of the Union Address was given to the 76th United States Congress, on Wednesday, January 4, 1939, by Franklin D. Roosevelt, the 32nd United States President. Foreseeing World War II, he said, \"In Reporting on the state of the nation, I have felt it necessary on previous occasions to advise the Congress of disturbance abroad and of the need of putting our own house in order in the face of storm signals from across the seas. As this Seventy-sixth Congress opens there is need for further warning. A war which threatened",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18177322",
"score": "1.1135025",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "1901 State of the Union Address",
"text": "the civilized world we received, at the time of the President's death, assurances of such grief and regard as to touch the hearts of our people. In the midst of our affliction we reverently thank the Almighty that we are at peace with the nations of mankind; and we firmly intend that our policy shall be such as to continue unbroken these international relations of mutual respect and good will.\" 1901 State of the Union Address The 1901 State of the Union Address was given on Tuesday, December 3, 1901, by the 26th President of the United States, Theodore Roosevelt.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18175835",
"score": "1.1112276",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "Mayor of the Metropolitan Government of Nashville and Davidson County in Nashville, Tennessee gives a speech similar called the State of Metro Address. Some university presidents give a State of the University address at the beginning of every academic term. Private companies usually have a \"State of the Corporation\" or \"State of the Company\" address given by the respective CEO. The State of the Union model has also been adopted by the European Union, and in France since the presidency of Emmanuel Macron. Television ratings for recent State of the Union Addresses were: State of the Union The State of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "476454",
"score": "1.1108613",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"text": "State of the Union The State of the Union Address is an annual message presented by the President of the United States to a joint session of the United States Congress, except in the first year of a new president's term. The message includes a budget message and an economic report of the nation, and also allows the President to propose a legislative agenda (for which the cooperation of Congress is needed) and national priorities. The address fulfills rules in of the U.S. Constitution, requiring the President to periodically \"give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "476430",
"score": "1.1072288",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "1872 State of the Union Address",
"text": "Reconstruction Era, when African Americans were freed. 1872 State of the Union Address The 1872 State of the Union Address was given by Ulysses S. Grant, the 18th United States President, on December 2, 1872. He did not speak it to the 42nd United States Congress, because that was the custom at the time. He said, \"In transmitting to you this my fourth annual message it is with thankfulness to the Giver of All Good that as a nation we have been blessed for the past year with peace at home, peace abroad, and a general prosperity vouchsafed to but",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18176873",
"score": "1.1066703",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "2002 State of the Union Address",
"text": "2002 State of the Union Address George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States of America, delivered the 2002 State of the Union Address at the United States Capitol building on January 29, 2002. In front of members of the 107th United States Congress, along with special civilian and military guests, Bush addressed the U.S. as he delivered his first State of the Union address. The speech covered the effects of the September 11 attacks of the previous year and Bush's plans to prevent future terrorist attacks upon the United States. Bush gave a progress report on the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9847671",
"score": "1.1052759",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "1950 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1950 State of the Union Address The 1950 State of the Union Address was given by Harry S. Truman, the 33rd President of the United States, on Wednesday, January 4, 1950. He spoke to the 81st United States Congress, to the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. It was a joint session, and the 160th address given. He said, \"Our aim for a peaceful, democratic world of free peoples will be achieved in the long run, not by force of arms, but by an appeal to the minds and hearts of men.\" He also said, \"Our",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18152981",
"score": "1.1039609",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "2007 State of the Union Address",
"text": "2007 State of the Union Address The 2007 State of the Union address was a speech given by United States President George W. Bush on Tuesday, January 23, 2007, at 9:13 P.M. EST. The speech was given in front of a joint session of Congress, presided over by Speaker of the House of Representatives Nancy Pelosi and Vice President Dick Cheney in his capacity as President of the Senate. It was the first address to a Democratic-controlled Congress since 1994. Furthermore, the speech marked the second time that a Democrat sat behind President Bush during a joint session of Congress",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9472522",
"score": "1.0989347",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "1960 State of the Union Address",
"text": "day achieve the unity in freedom to which all men have aspired from the dawn of time. 1960 State of the Union Address The 1960 State of the Union Address was given on Thursday, January 7, 1960, by Dwight D. Eisenhower, the 34th President of the United States, to a joint session of the 86th United States Congress. He said, \"We must strive to break the calamitous cycle of frustrations and crises which, if unchecked, could spiral into nuclear disaster; the ultimate insanity.\" It was the height of the Cold War, and both the Soviet Union and the United States",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18171991",
"score": "1.0984454",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "1986 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1986 State of the Union Address The 1986 State of the Union address was given by President Ronald Reagan to a joint session of the 99th United States Congress in the House Chamber of the Capitol at 8:04 p.m. on Tuesday, February 4, 1986. The speech was the second State of the Union address of President Reagan's second term. Economic growth, increased job opportunities, and falling inflation rates were among some of the key issues discussed in this address. Reagan advocated for both an increase in national defense and a reevaluation of the federal budget, arguing the importance of national",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16520113",
"score": "1.0967498",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "2002 State of the Union Address",
"text": "1790, State of the Union addresses have been given once a year. They were given originally as written reports, but are now given as verbal orations before a formal audience, with the U.S. president addressing joint sessions of the U.S. Congress at the U.S. Capitol building in Washington, D.C., with the U.S. Vice President and U.S. Speaker of the House of Representatives sitting on a podium behind the president. As the U.S. president, Bush gave the 2002 State of the Union Address on January 29, 2002. He addressed a joint session of the 107th U.S. Congress and special guests, as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9847674",
"score": "1.0955715",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "2018 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "be signed within 48 hours as per Duterte's pledge during the speech. Duterte ended the speech saying he would not bore the audience with a list of projects by the administration. 2018 State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The 2018 State of the Nation Address was the third State of the Nation Address delivered by President Rodrigo Duterte. On June 5, 2018, Joyce Bernal who is known for her romance comedy films, was selected to direct the 2018 State of the Nation Address. She was recommended by actor Robin Padilla to President Rodrigo Duterte with the head of state approving",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20817491",
"score": "1.0953069",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "2010 State of the Nation Address (Philippines)",
"text": "2010 State of the Nation Address (Philippines) The 2010 State of the Nation Address is the first State of the Nation Address made by President Benigno Aquino III. This marked the first time the State of the Nation Address is delivered in Filipino language. Two former president of the Philippines, Joseph Estrada and Fidel Ramos were among the attendees of the SONA. Among those who also attended were Vice President Jejomar Binay, Chief Justice Renato Corona, and Papal Nuncio and Head of the Diplomatic Corps, Edward Joseph Adams. Former President and Aquino's predecessor, current Pampanga 2nd District Representative Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19646286",
"score": "1.0920554",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "State of the Nation Address (Belarus)",
"text": "State of the Nation Address (Belarus) The State of the Nation Address (Belarusian:Зварот Прэзідэнта Рэспублікі Беларусь з пасланнем да беларускага народа і Нацыянальнага сходу Рэспублікі Беларусь, \"Zvarot Prezidenta Respubłiki Bjełaruś z pasłanniem da biełaruskaga naroda i Nacyjanalnaga schodu Respubłiki Bjełaruś\") is an annual speech given by the Belarusian President to outline the state and condition in which Belarus is in. The Address is given in front of a joint meeting of the two houses of the Belarusian Parliament: House of Representatives and Council of the Republic. The date of the presidential State-of-the-Nation Address is not fixed, and is determined each",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17997778",
"score": "1.0905122",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "2006 State of the Union Address",
"text": "2006 State of the Union Address The 2006 State of the Union Address was delivered by United States President George W. Bush at 9 p.m. EST (0200 UTC) on Tuesday, January 31, 2006 to a joint session of the U.S. Congress. The address outlined the President's legislative proposals for the upcoming year and referenced the budget deficit, health care reform, the War on Terror, the Occupation of Iraq, Iran's nuclear program, the rising price of gasoline and the transfer to independent sources of alternative energy, illegal immigration, Hurricane Katrina and the federal response to natural disasters, Avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7050360",
"score": "1.0894192",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "State of the Union",
"long_answer": "What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).",
"chunked_long_answer": "What began as a communication between president and Congress has become a communication between the president and the people of the United States. Since the advent of radio, and then television, the speech has been broadcast live on most networks, preempting scheduled programming. To reach the largest audience, the speech, once given during the day, is now typically given in the evening, after 9pm ET (UTC-5).",
"short_answers": [
"after 9pm ET"
]
}
|
what are the ranks in the us navy
|
[
"E-8s senior chief petty officer",
"E-9s master chief petty officer"
] |
[
{
"title": "Navy",
"text": "The United Kingdom's Royal Navy has had similar restrictions. Australia, Canada, Norway, and Spain previously opened submarine service to women sailors. A navy will typically have two sets of ranks, one for enlisted personnel and one for officers. Typical ranks for commissioned officers include the following, in ascending order (Commonwealth ranks are listed first on each line; USA ranks are listed second in those instances where they differ from Commonwealth ranks): \"Flag officers\" include any rank that includes the word \"admiral\" (or commodore in services other than the US Navy), and are generally in command of a battle group, strike",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "292340",
"score": "1.0792351",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Personnel of the United States Navy",
"text": "the \"warfare qualification\", which denotes a journeyman level of capability in Surface Warfare, Aviation Warfare, Naval Aircrew, Special Warfare, Submarine Warfare or Expeditionary Warfare. Many qualifications are denoted on a sailor's uniform with U.S. Navy badges and insignia. Commissioned officers in the navy have pay grades ranging from O-1 to O-10, with O-10 being the highest; those with paygrades between O-1 through O-4 are considered junior officers and O-5 and O-6 as senior officers. Officers in the O-7 to O-10 range are called flag officers or \"the admiralty\". Promotion through O-8 is based on performance in an officer's current paygrade,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16184209",
"score": "1.074913",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "United States Navy officer rank insignia",
"text": "pay grade. The official term for this process is a promotion. Commissioned naval officers originate from the United States Naval Academy, the United States Merchant Marine Academy, other Service Academies (United States Military Academy or United States Air Force Academy), Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC), Officer Candidate School (OCS), the since-disestablished Aviation Officer Candidate School (AOCS), and a host of other commissioning programs such as the \"Seaman to Admiral-21\" program and the limited duty officer/chief warrant officer (LDO/CWO) selection program. There are also a small number of direct commissioned officers, primarily staff corps officers in the medical, dental, nurse,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2859980",
"score": "1.0656292",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Midshipman",
"text": "mechanical engineering, or logistics. After passing the final fleet examination, they are promoted to the rank of sub-lieutenant. In the modern United States Navy a midshipman is classified as an officer of the line, though their exercise of authority is limited by their training status. Legally, midshipmen are a special grade of officer that ranks between the senior enlisted grade (E-9) and the lowest grade of chief warrant officer (W-2, U. S. Navy or U.S. Coast Guard) or warrant officer (W-1), U. S. Army or U. S. Marine Corps. Students at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) are appointed as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2054404",
"score": "1.0515895",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "United States Navy",
"text": "of the time, and have tended to follow that template. The commissioned officer ranks of the U.S. Navy are divided into three categories: junior officers, senior officers, and flag officers. Junior officers are those officers in pay grades O-1 to O-4, while senior officers are those in pay grades O-5 and O-6, and flag officers are those in pay grades of O-7 and above. Navy officers serve either as a line officer or as a staff corps officer. Line officers wear an embroidered gold star above their rank of the naval service dress uniform while staff corps officers and commissioned",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12746713",
"score": "1.0472116",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "History of United States Navy ratings",
"text": "ranks, and enlisted ratings of the early Continental Navy were direct carryovers from the Royal Navy hierarchy of uniforms, ranks, and insignia. The first American Naval ranks consisted of simply Captain, Lieutenant, and Midshipman. Shipboard warrant officer ranks, such as Sailing Master, Boatswain, Carpenter, Gunner, and Purser, were also copied from the British system. The earliest form of U.S. Navy enlisted ratings may be traced to the Petty Officers assigned as assistants to the shipboard warrant officers. The oldest such ratings, still in use today, is that of Boatswain's Mate, Quartermaster, and Gunnersmate. The rating of Armourer was also in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15937951",
"score": "1.0268731",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "United States Navy officer rank insignia",
"text": "United States Navy officer rank insignia In the United States Navy, officers have various ranks. Equivalency between services is by pay grade. United States Navy commissioned officer ranks have two distinct sets of rank insignia: On dress uniform a series of stripes similar to Commonwealth naval ranks are worn; on service khaki, working uniforms (Navy Working Uniform [NWU], and coveralls), and special uniform situations (combat utilities, flight suits, and USMC uniforms when worn by Navy officers assigned or attached to USMC units), the rank insignia are similar to the equivalent rank in the US Army or US Air Force. In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2859978",
"score": "1.0236652",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Comparison of United Kingdom and United States military ranks",
"text": "career progression with the British army, both rising from the rank of private to brigadier during World War II. In the US military such advancement is not uncommon, all four services maintaining programs that select promising enlisted men and women for the commissioned ranks. Notes to table above The British Armed Forces do not use the term Enlisted Ranks. The equivalent in the Royal Navy is Ratings and in the other services is Other Ranks (divided into Warrant Officers, Non-Commissioned Officers and Soldiers or Airmen). UK and US ranks are categorised in the NATO rank code system OR-1 to OR-9.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4910694",
"score": "1.0105065",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Naval officer ranks",
"text": "in the US military. While countries outside the NATO command structure (including some NATO member countries such as France) do not strictly fall into this classification structure and there may be incidences of overlap (particularly in ranks between countries) the codes still provide a useful gauge in determining what ranks are broadly equivalent. These are the highest ranks. Promotion to a rank above OF-9 is now rare and usually reserved for wartime. Fleet admiral is an example of such a rank. Note that there is doubt about rank equivalence in countries that have fleet admirals but no commodores, such as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3512842",
"score": "1.0087873",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "List of United States Navy enlisted rates",
"text": "is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor (\"E-1\") to the most senior enlisted sailor (\"E-9\"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called petty officers. All E-7s are called chief petty officer, E-8s senior chief petty officer, and E-9s master chief petty officer. Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "United States Navy officer rank insignia",
"text": "the U.S. Navy, pay grades for officers are: Note 1: The Navy does not currently use pay grade WO-1, warrant officer. A warrant officer (WO-1) is an officer, but not a commissioned officer. Warrant officers (W-1) are \"appointed\" to their grade with a \"warrant\" in lieu of a commission while chief warrant officers in the Navy are \"commissioned\" as warrant officers. The Army and Marine Corps currently appoint warrant officers to this pay grade. In the event that officers demonstrate superior performance and prove themselves capable of performing at the next higher pay grade, they are given an increase in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2859979",
"score": "1.004091",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Uniformed services pay grades of the United States",
"text": "\"inferior officers,\" they are recognized as having only a precedence below the most junior warrant officer, and above the enlisted grades, and almost entirely lack any authority over any other servicemembers (including other cadets and midshipmen) except for specific internal Academy functions, or very narrowly drawn training purposes while serving with their Service for leadership and skills development. Those officers appointed to attend the US Merchant Marine Academy (the fifth Federal Service Academy), by the Administrator of the Maritime Administration (within the Department of Transportation), will also be appointed by the Secretary of the Navy directly as Midshipmen, US Navy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7934911",
"score": "1.0030205",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Lieutenant commander (United States)",
"text": "Cadet Corps. Lieutenant commanders rank above lieutenants and below commanders, and rank is equivalent to a major in the United States Army, United States Air Force, and United States Marine Corps. Promotion to lieutenant commander in the U.S. Navy is governed by United States Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980. DOPMA guidelines suggest 80% of lieutenants should be promoted to lieutenant commander after serving a minimum of three years at their present rank and after attaining nine to eleven years of cumulative commissioned service. While lieutenant commander is the U.S. Navy's first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11144564",
"score": "1.0025256",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Personnel of the United States Navy",
"text": "be \"advanced\". Two notable advancements are from Seaman to Petty Officer Third Class (E-3 to E-4) and from Petty Officer First Class to Chief Petty Officer (E-6 to E-7). Advancement to Chief Petty Officer is especially significant and is marked by a special induction ceremony. Enlisted members are said to be \"rated\", meaning that they possess a \"rating\", or occupational specialty. Members of grades E-1 to E-3 can become \"strikers\", meaning they have rating designations like Petty Officer (example: a BM3 is a Petty Officer Third Class rated as a Boatswain's Mate; BMSN is a Seaman designated as a Boatswain's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16184215",
"score": "0.99713725",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Naval officer ranks",
"text": "higher level of seniority over other equivalent rank codes in a given situation. Officer ranks go from OF-1 (applying to all subaltern officers below (army) captain) up to OF-10; OF(D) being a special category for trainee officers awaiting a commission. Other ranks (those considered enlisted men in the United States forces) are classified from OR-1 to OR-9. Warrant officers in the United States forces are a special case as single track career specialists between the enlisted and officer ranks in terms of seniority, and have no NATO rank code. The system should not be confused with the pay grades used",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3512841",
"score": "0.99691546",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Personnel of the United States Navy",
"text": "Officer Program. They typically become CWOs in specialties that are most related to their previous enlisted rating. Like Staff Corps officers, CWOs wear special insignia above the rank devices on their shoulder boards and sleeves to indicate their field of expertise. Enlisted members of the navy have pay grades from E-1 to E-9, with E-9 being the highest. All enlisted sailors with paygrades of E-4 and higher are considered \"Petty Officers\" while those at E-7 and higher are further named \"Chief Petty Officers\". Those who demonstrate superior performance are given an increase in paygrade; the official navy term is to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16184214",
"score": "0.9949993",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Ensign (rank)",
"text": "lieutenant junior grade, and it is equivalent to a second lieutenant in the U.S. Army, the Marine Corps, and the Air Force. Where a newly-commissioned ensign is assigned in the Navy is dependent on status as either an unrestricted line, restricted line, or staff corps officer. For unrestricted line officers, Depending on assignment to which warfare community, prospective Surface Warfare Officers (SWO) will spend 22 weeks at Surface Warfare Officer School followed by assignment to a warship for qualification as a SWO. Prospective Submarine Warfare Officers will attend Naval Nuclear Power School for 26 weeks, followed by Nuclear Power Training",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3062532",
"score": "0.9910197",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Lieutenant (navy)",
"text": "be promoted to lieutenant after serving a minimum of two years at the lower rank. The insignia of a lieutenant in many navies, including the Royal Navy, consists of two medium gold braid stripes (top stripe with loop) on a navy blue or black background. This pattern was copied by the United States Navy and various air forces for their equivalent ranks grades, except that the executive curl is removed. (see flight lieutenant). The first lieutenant (1st Lt or 1LT) in the Royal Navy and other Commonwealth navies, is a post or appointment, rather than a rank. Historically, the lieutenants",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15049043",
"score": "0.98939824",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Captain (United States O-6)",
"text": "and Atmospheric Administration ship of patrol boat size or greater, while officers below O-6 commanding aviation squadrons (typically O-5 commanders) will usually use the less formal title of \"skipper\". (\"see rank vs. title\") In the United States Navy, captain (abbreviated CAPT) is a senior officer rank, with the pay grade of O-6. It ranks above commander and below rear admiral (lower half). It is equivalent to the rank of colonel in the other uniformed services. Promotion to captain is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act (DOPMA) of 1980 or its companion Reserve",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17075732",
"score": "0.98807985",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "United States Naval Academy",
"text": "warrant officer (W-2) in the Navy and Coast Guard (the Navy and Coast Guard discontinued the rank of warrant officer, WO-1, in 1975). Additionally, midshipmen rank below warrant officer (W-1) in the Marine Corps and the Army, and below second lieutenant (O-1) in the Air Force (the Air Force ceased appointing warrant officers in 1959 and the last USAF WO died in 2008). Midshipmen are classified not as freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors, but as fourth class, third class, second class, and first class, respectively. A member of the entering class—the fourth class, the lowest rank of midshipmen—is also known",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "705763",
"score": "0.9876483",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Republic of Korea Navy",
"text": "and enlisted (seaman), in decreasing order of authority. Commissioned officer ranks are subdivided into flag officers, senior officers (Lieutenant Commander through Captain), and junior officers (Ensign through Lieutenant). ROK Navy commissioned officer ranks have two distinct sets of rank insignia: on dress uniform a series of stripes similar to Commonwealth naval ranks are worn, while on service uniforms, working uniforms, and special uniform situations (combat utilities and flight suits), the rank insignia are the same as the equivalent rank in the Army or the Air Force. All three branches – the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5610735",
"score": "0.98736614",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "First lieutenant",
"text": "by a lieutenant or, in the case of extremely large warships such as cruisers or aircraft carriers, the position of \"first lieutenant\" may be held by a lieutenant commander or even commander. However, on submarines and in aircraft squadrons, where the deck department may only have a few junior sailors, the \"first lieutenant\" billet may be filled by a first-class petty officer or chief petty officer. What is known in the U.S. Navy as the \"first lieutenant division\" is usually composed of junior sailors (E-3 and below) who are completing their ninety days of temporary assigned duty, or TAD, that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2335997",
"score": "0.98610294",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Familias Regnant universe",
"text": "Force rank of major after the rank of lieutenant. She then continues the naval ranks so that an O-5 would be a lieutenant commander, and an O-6 would be a commander. The last rank before \"flag rank\" is commander. This is the equivalent of a captain in the US Navy, or a colonel in the other services. It appears, in this series, that \"captain\" is used only to refer to the captain of a vessel, of any rank, which is the tradition in the Navy. The flag ranks, in the novels, appear to be admiral minor, admiral major, and grand",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7055077",
"score": "0.9850525",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Lieutenant commander",
"text": "United States Navy, and a \"lieutenant in command,\" \"lieutenant and commander,\" or \"senior lieutenant\" in the Royal Navy. The USN settled on \"lieutenant commander\" in 1862 and made it a distinct rank. The RN followed suit in March 1914. The insignia worn by a Royal Navy lieutenant commander is two medium gold braid stripes with one thin gold stripe running in between, placed upon a navy blue/black background. The top stripe has the ubiquitous loop used in all RN officer rank insignia, except for the rank of Midshipman. The RAF follows this pattern with its equivalent rank of squadron leader.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1635203",
"score": "0.98283875",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Military rank",
"text": "petty officer and petty officer (navy and coast guard). In many navies the term \"rate\" is used to designate specialty, while \"rank\" denotes paygrade. In some countries warrant officers come under the non-commissioned officer branch (senior non-commissioned officiers). Personnel with no command authority usually bear titles such as private, airman/aircraftman, or seaman (starting with seaman recruit in the United States Navy and Coast Guard). In the United States Marine Corps individuals of all ranks regardless of command status may be referred to as \"Marine\". In the United States Air Force individuals of all ranks regardless of command status may be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1328197",
"score": "0.9826358",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Warrant officer (United States)",
"text": "warrant officers. In accordance with the law, the USMS rank structure must be the same as that of the U.S. Coast Guard, while uniforms worn are those of the U.S. Navy, with distinctive USMS insignia and devices. Warrant officer (United States) In the United States Armed Forces, the ranks of warrant officer (grades W‑1 to W‑5; see \"NATO: WO1–WO5\") are rated as officers above the senior-most enlisted ranks, including all candidates, and cadets and midshipmen, but subordinate to the officer grade of O‑1 (NATO: OF‑1). This application differs from the Commonwealth of Nations and other militaries, where warrant officers are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8366607",
"score": "0.9817997",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Other ranks (UK)",
"text": "men\" or the \"officers, warrant officers and other ranks\". In British India, a distinction was made between British other ranks (BORs) and Indian other ranks (IORs). Other ranks (UK) Other ranks (ORs) in the Royal Marines, British Army, Royal Air Force and in the armies and air forces of many other Commonwealth countries are those personnel who are not commissioned officers, usually including non-commissioned officers (NCOs). (In the Royal Navy, these personnel are called \"ratings\" rather than \"other ranks\". Non-commissioned member is the equivalent term for the Canadian Armed Forces.) Colloquially, members of the other ranks are known as \"rankers\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3432935",
"score": "0.98126173",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Lieutenant",
"text": "In the US Navy the rank was called master until 1883, when it was renamed lieutenant, junior grade. In many navies, a sub-lieutenant is a naval commissioned or subordinate officer, ranking below a lieutenant, but in Brazil it is the highest non-commissioned rank, and in Spain it is the second highest non-commissioned rank. In Portugal, sub-lieutenant is the rank of a junior naval officer graduated from a civil university or promoted from a NCO rank, while the equivalent rank of an officer graduated in the naval academy is designated midshipman. The United States Marine Corps and British Royal Marines both",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1403468",
"score": "0.9782022",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Captain (United States O-3)",
"text": "Captain (United States O-3) In the United States Army (), U.S. Marine Corps (USMC), and U.S. Air Force (USAF), captain (abbreviated \"CPT\" in the and \"Capt\" in the USMC and USAF) is a company grade officer rank, with the pay grade of O-3. It ranks above first lieutenant and below major. It is equivalent to the rank of lieutenant in the Navy/Coast Guard officer rank system. The insignia for the rank consists of two silver bars, with slight stylized differences between the Army/Air Force version and the Marine Corps version. Promotion to captain is governed by Department of Defense policies",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17075753",
"score": "0.9771572",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "United States Maritime Service",
"text": "which denote rank are almost identical to the U.S. Navy ranks. The exception comes from the rank denoted by a silver star. In the Navy, a single silver star represents the rank of Rear Admiral (Lower Half), and progressive numbers of stars represent other admiral or \"flag\" ranks up to Fleet Admiral which contains five stars. In the U.S Maritime Service, one silver star denotes the rank of Commodore. Despite the many differences, the uniforms of the two services are very similar. Both services wear a khaki uniform. However, the U.S. Maritime Service wears their rank devices on the right",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7803623",
"score": "0.9738374",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "List of United States Navy enlisted rates",
"long_answer": "A United States Navy enlisted rate indicates where an enlisted sailor stands within the chain of command, and also defines one's pay grade. An enlisted sailor's rate is similar conceptually to a naval officer's rank. Only naval officers carry the term \"rank\". The word rate refers to an enlisted sailor's pay grade, while the word rating refers to one's area of occupational specialization within the enlisted Navy. Associated with the enlisted pay grades is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor (\"E-1\") to the most senior enlisted sailor (\"E-9\"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called petty officers. All E-7s are called chief petty officer, E-8s senior chief petty officer, and E-9s master chief petty officer. Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since 1996, do not have an insignia to wear.",
"chunked_long_answer": "is a numbering system from the most junior enlisted sailor (\"E-1\") to the most senior enlisted sailor (\"E-9\"). This enlisted numbering system is the same across all five branches of the U.S. military. All E-1 through E-3 are known as Seamen. E-4 through E-6 are called petty officers. All E-7s are called chief petty officer, E-8s senior chief petty officer, and E-9s master chief petty officer. Rates are displayed on a rating badge, which is a combination of rate and rating. E-2s and E-3s have color-coded group rate marks based on their career field. Personnel in pay grade E-1, since",
"short_answers": [
"E-8s senior chief petty officer",
"E-9s master chief petty officer"
]
}
|
who owns the majority of the us debt
|
[
"China",
"Japan and China",
"Japan",
"the public"
] |
[
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "public portion is moved and combined with the total government portion, because this amount is owned by the Federal Reserve as part of United States monetary policy. (See Federal Reserve System.) As is apparent from the chart, a little less than half of the total national debt is owed to the \"Federal Reserve and intragovernmental holdings\". The foreign and international holders of the debt are also put together from the notes, bills, and bonds sections. To the right is a chart for the data as of June 2008: As of September 2014, foreigners owned $6.06 trillion of U.S. debt, or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2134325",
"score": "1.056972",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Presidency of Barack Obama",
"text": "did not like the deal, the bill passed the Republican House in large part due to the fact that the failure to pass any bill would have resulted in the total expiration of the Bush tax cuts. US government debt grew substantially during the Great Recession, as government revenues fell and Obama largely eschewed the austerity policies followed by many European countries. US government debt grew from 52% of GDP when Obama took office in 2009 to 74% in 2014, with most of the growth in debt coming between 2009 and 2012. In 2010, Obama ordered the creation of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12648929",
"score": "1.0438981",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Financial position of the United States",
"text": "as Americans hold in foreign debt. 15.2% of all US debt is owed to foreigners. Of the $7.9 trillion Americans owe to foreigners, $3.9 trillion is owed by the federal government. 48% of US treasury securities are held by foreigners. Foreigners hold $1.28 trillion in agency- and government sponsored enterprise-backed securities, and another $2.33 trillion in US corporate bonds. Foreigners hold 24% of domestic corporate debt and 17% of domestic corporate equity. Economist Martin Wolf explained in July 2012 that government fiscal balance is one of three major financial sectoral balances in the U.S. economy, the others being the foreign",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13144389",
"score": "0.98585016",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "even if the expenditures have already been approved (in the budget) and have been appropriated. If this situation were to occur, it is unclear whether Treasury would be able to prioritize payments on debt to avoid a default on its debt obligations, but it would have to default on some of its non-debt obligations. Because a large variety of people own the notes, bills, and bonds in the \"public\" portion of the debt, Treasury also publishes information that groups the types of holders by general categories to portray who owns United States debt. In this data set, some of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2134324",
"score": "0.9789907",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Bob Turner (American politician)",
"text": "said the national debt was $4 trillion when the correct number was $14 trillion. Turner, according to the \"New York Times\", \"aggressively courted observant Jewish voters\", and painted Weprin as a puppet of President Obama, who would not stand up for Israel. Turner won strong support from Orthodox Jewish leaders, and won crossover endorsements, two key ones being New York Assemblyman Dov Hikind, and former New York Mayor Ed Koch, both Democrats and Jews. Turner began the campaign with a disadvantage in fundraising because the national and state Republican parties had spent heavily in previous special elections in New York",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15886736",
"score": "0.97897017",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Criticism of United States foreign policy",
"text": "States to manipulation. As a result, the U.S. trading partners gained an ability to influence the U.S. foreign policy decision-making process by manipulating, for example, the currency exchange rate, or restricting the flow of goods and raw materials. In addition, more than 40% of the U.S. foreign debt is currently owned by the big institutional investors from overseas, who continue to accumulate the Treasury bonds. A reporter for \"The Washington Post\" wrote that \"several less-than-democratic African leaders have skillfully played the anti-terrorism card to earn a relationship with the United States that has helped keep them in power\", and suggested,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10592948",
"score": "0.9756552",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Addison Wiggin",
"text": "Dollar Era. We're in an unsustainable trend right now,\" Wiggin told me, ticking off the miscalculations that have brought us to the brink of an economic apocalypse. To begin with, the U.S. has become the world's biggest debtor, with three outstanding obligations at alarming highs: consumer debt, or our mortgages and credit cards; the federal deficit; and our current account deficit with foreign countries. Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, Wiggin continued, has simply shifted one bubble -- the 90's bubble in stocks and bonds -- into another, in real estate and \"overconsumption,\" or the American propensity to pay for an",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16208274",
"score": "0.9729923",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Economic policy of Donald Trump",
"text": "the debt. Trump said that he would not seek to renegotiate the bonds, but rather would seek to buy the bonds back at a discount. Economists and other experts variously described Trump's debt proposal as incoherent, fanciful, and reckless, stating that the proposal, if carried into effect, \"would send interest rates soaring, derail economic growth and undermine confidence in the world's most trusted financial asset.\" Tony Fratto, a former U.S. Treasury Department who served under George W. Bush, termed Trump's suggestion to refinance the U.S. debt \"an insane idea\" that \"would cause creditors to rightly question the 'full faith' commitment",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19881114",
"score": "0.96440834",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Economic policy of Donald Trump",
"text": "we make.\" The \"New York Times\" reported that: \"Repurchasing debt is a fairly common tactic in the corporate world, but it only works if the debt is trading at a discount. If creditors think they are going to get 80 cents for every dollar they are owed, they may be overjoyed to get 90 cents. Mr. Trump's companies had sometimes been able to retire debt at a discount because creditors feared they might default ... However, the United States simply cannot pursue a similar strategy. The government runs an annual deficit, so it must borrow to retire existing debt. Any",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19881115",
"score": "0.95805264",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013",
"text": "debt ceiling would cause delays in payments including benefits and government employees' salaries and lead to default on government debt. President Obama urged Congress to raise the debt ceiling without conditions to avoid a default by the United States on government debt. Raising the debt ceiling was also supported by Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve. Republican Speaker of the House, John Boehner and the Senate Republican minority leader, Mitch McConnell as well as other Republicans argued that the debt ceiling should not be raised unless spending is cut by an amount equal to or greater than the debt",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17611861",
"score": "0.95594305",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011",
"text": "conditions. The May 31 vote was 318 to 97, with all 236 Republicans and 82 Democrats voting to defeat the bill. The Republicans largely believed a deficit reduction deal should be based solely on spending cuts, including cuts to entitlements, without any tax increases, to reduce or solve the long-term issue of debt. Obama and the Democrats in the US Congress wanted an increase in the debt ceiling to solve the short-term borrowing problem, and in exchange supported a decrease in the budget deficit, to be funded by a combination of spending cuts and revenue increases. Some prominent liberal economists,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15765553",
"score": "0.9421517",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011",
"text": "is debated. The debt-ceiling crisis of 2011 has shown how a party in control of only one chamber of Congress (in this case, Republicans in control of the House of Representatives but not the Senate or the Presidency) can have significant influence if it chooses to block the routine raising of the debt limit. Underlying the contentious debate over raising the debt ceiling has been an anxiety, growing since 2008, about the large United States federal budget deficits and the increasing federal debt. According to the Congressional Budget Office (CBO): \"At the end of 2008, that debt equaled 40 percent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15765535",
"score": "0.9386835",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Michael Hudson (economist)",
"text": "debts) were aimed at restraining the economic development of Third World countries in those sectors of the economy where the United States was afraid of the emergence of competition. At the same time, the United States actively imposed free trade policies on developing countries, a policy that was the reverse of the one that led their country to prosperity. After the cancellation of the conversion of dollars into gold, the United States forced foreign central banks to buy United States treasuries that are used to finance the federal deficit and large military. In exchange for providing a net surplus of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12579648",
"score": "0.93518037",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "History of the United States public debt",
"text": "debt as a percentage of GDP reached its highest level during Harry Truman's first presidential term, during and after World War II. Public debt as a percentage of GDP fell rapidly in the post-World War II period, and reached a low in 1973 under President Richard Nixon. Debt as a share of GDP has consistently increased since then, except during the terms of presidents Jimmy Carter and Bill Clinton. Public debt rose during the 1980s, as President Reagan cut tax rates and increased military spending. It fell during the 1990s, due to decreased military spending, increased taxes and the 1990s",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8232978",
"score": "0.93490255",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011",
"text": "over the issue of US dollar. The downgrade started a sell-off in every major stock market index around the world, threatening a stock market crash in the international markets. The G7 finance ministers scheduled a meeting to discuss the \"global financial crisis that concerns all countries.\" Politically, the crisis caused support for the Republican Party to drop, whose support for the debt-ceiling deal was needed as it controlled the House. The party saw its approval ratings drop from 41 percent in July to 33 percent in August. Nevertheless, President Obama saw his approval ratings drop to a record low of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15765569",
"score": "0.9336003",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Balance of payments",
"text": "the US which currently has by far the biggest deficit. The conventional view is that current account factors are the primary cause – these include the exchange rate, the government's fiscal deficit, business competitiveness, and private behaviour such as the willingness of consumers to go into debt to finance extra consumption. An alternative view, argued at length in a 2005 paper by Ben Bernanke, is that the primary driver is the capital account, where a global savings glut caused by savers in surplus countries, runs ahead of the available investment opportunities, and is pushed into the US resulting in excess",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2113891",
"score": "0.93335533",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Joe Biden",
"text": "reduction plan. The U.S. debt ceiling crisis developed over the next couple of months, but it was again Biden's relationship with McConnell that proved to be a key factor in breaking a deadlock and finally bringing about a bipartisan deal to resolve it, in the form of the Budget Control Act of 2011, signed on August 2, 2011, the same day that an unprecedented U.S. default had loomed. Biden had spent the most time bargaining with Congress on the debt question of anyone in the administration, and one Republican staffer said, \"Biden's the only guy with real negotiating authority, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1288274",
"score": "0.93292165",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011",
"text": "Government Accountability Office reported in February 2011 that managing debt when delays in raising the debt limit occur diverts Treasury's resources away from other cash and debt management responsibilities and that Treasury's borrowing costs modestly increased during debt limit debates in 2002, 2003, 2010 and 2011. If the interest payments on the national debt are not made, the US would be in default, potentially causing catastrophic economic consequences for the US and the wider world as well. (Effects outside the US would be likely because the United States is a major trading partner with many countries. Other major world powers",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15765532",
"score": "0.9323254",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Financial position of the United States",
"text": "U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2010 Accounts The Federal Reserve issues routine reports on the flows and levels of debt in the United States. As of the first quarter of 2010, the Federal Reserve estimated that total public and private debt owed by American households, businesses, and government totaled $50 trillion, or roughly $175,000 per American and 3.5 times GDP. Interest payments on debt by US households, businesses, governments, and nonprofits totaled $3.29 trillion in 2008. The financial sector paid an additional $178.6 billion in interest on deposits. In 1946, the total US debt-to-GDP ratio was 150%, with two-thirds of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13144374",
"score": "0.9320326",
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},
{
"title": "Financial position of the United States",
"text": "sector owed $3 billion of debt, or 1.35% of GDP. By 2009 this had increased to $15.6 trillion, or 109.5% of GDP. Most debt owed by the US financial sector is in the form of federal government sponsored enterprise (GSE) issues and agency-backed securities. This refers to securities guaranteed and mediated by federal agencies and GSEs such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, and Freddie Mac, among others. This group also includes the mortgage pools that are used as collateral in collateralized mortgage obligations. The proportion of financial sector debt owed in the form of GSE and federally related mortgage pools",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13144376",
"score": "0.9320054",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "defaulted on $122 million in Treasury bills, which was less than 1% of U.S. debt. The Treasury Department characterized it as a delay rather than as a default, but it did have consequences for short-term interest rates, which jumped 0.6%. Others view it as a temporary, partial default. The following is a list of the top foreign holders of US Treasury securities as listed by the US Treasury (revised by October 2018 survey): A 1998 Brookings Institution study published by the Nuclear Weapons Cost Study Committee (formed in 1993 by the W. Alton Jones Foundation), calculated that total expenditures for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2134347",
"score": "0.9306334",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Abdul Hassan (lawyer)",
"text": "\"because the national debt and deficit are so large it is impossible to solve the deficit and debt problem with spending cuts and/or tax increases without destroying our way of life. The significant tax increases or spending cuts needed to solve the debt problem would have such a huge negative impact on our standard of living that any politician voting for such measures would be voted out of office.\" Under his plan, all budget deficits will be funded by bonds purchased by the Federal Reserve Bank. He said \"We will no longer sell bonds to other countries or to Wall",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17184003",
"score": "0.92919767",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "2016: Obama's America",
"text": "the debt issue \"terrifying\", and believes that the movie illuminates how Obama's experiences before the presidency impact his political ideology. Molen is also \"concerned about the plans for the disarmament of the U.S.\" and feels that \"Israel has been thrown underneath the bus by this administration\". The registered Republican considers himself a fiscally conservative independent, indicating that he has previously voted for Democrats in addition to Republicans, and priding himself on his evaluation of all the candidates. D'Souza formed Obama's America Foundation (OAF) with Christopher Williams and Douglas Sain to raise funds for the film and oversee all business, marketing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16705648",
"score": "0.9287859",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Political debates about the United States federal budget",
"text": "over the next decade,\" a claim which Politifact rated as \"Mostly True.\" President Obama had pledged not to raise taxes except on high income taxpayers, so his debt figure included the extension of the Bush tax cuts for most taxpayers. These facts did not stop Republicans from blaming the President for the ensuing debts during his administration. One study summarized in the \"New York Times\" estimated that President Bush's policies added $5.07 trillion to the debt between 2002–2009, while President Obama's policies would add an estimated $1.44 trillion to the debt between 2009–2017. The CBO forecasts the annual budget surplus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16129882",
"score": "0.92721623",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Money market fund",
"text": "large \"private\" banks, and controls the overall supply of money in the United States. The OCC is housed within the Treasury Department, which in turn manages the issuance and maintenance of the multi-trillion dollar debt of the U.S. government. The overall debt is of course connected to ongoing federal government spending vs. actual ongoing tax receipts. Unquestionably, the private banking industry, bank regulation, the national debt, and ongoing governmental spending politics are substantially interconnected. Interest rates incurred on the national debt is subject to rate setting by the Fed, and inflation (all else being equal) allows today's fixed debt obligation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4032503",
"score": "0.92494774",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Financial position of the United States",
"text": "owed $251 billion of debt or 102.7% of GDP. By 2009 this figure had risen to $7.8 trillion, but the federal government's debt-to-GDP ratio had fallen to 54.75%. The federal government held $1.4 trillion in assets at the end of 2009. This is more than double the assets held by the federal government in 2007 ($686 billion), mainly due to the acquisition of corporate equities, credit market debt, and cash. The federal government held $223 billion in corporate equity at the beginning of 2009; this had fallen to $67.4 billion at the end of that year. These figures do not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13144381",
"score": "0.9247222",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "corporate tax rate and the expanded ability to immediately deduct the full value of equipment purchases\". According to the Treasury report in early October, summarized by \"Business Insider\"'s Bob Bryan, the US federal budget deficit rose as a result of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 signed into law by President Donald Trump on December 22, 2017 and the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2018 signed into law on March 23, 2018. In a October 16, 2018 interview with Bloomberg News, Mitch McConnell said that the debt was driven by \"the three big entitlement programs that are very popular, Medicare,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2134301",
"score": "0.923445",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011",
"text": "such as Paul Krugman, Larry Summers, and Brad DeLong, and prominent investors such as Bill Gross, went even further, and argued that not only should the debt ceiling be raised, but federal spending (and, therefore, the deficit) should be increased in the short term (as long as the economy remains in the liquidity trap), which they believed would stimulate the economy, reduce unemployment, and ultimately reduce the deficit in the medium to long term. Some Tea Party Caucus and other Republicans, however, (including, but not limited to, Senators Jim DeMint, Rand Paul, and Mike Lee, and Representatives Michele Bachmann, Ron",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15765554",
"score": "0.92229325",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"text": "too volatile. According to Paul Krugman, \"America actually earns more from its assets abroad than it pays to foreign investors.\" Nonetheless, the country's net international investment position represents a debt of more than $7 trillion. The CBO estimated the impact of Trump's tax cuts and separate spending legislation over the 2018-2028 period in their annual \"Budget & Economic Outlook\", released in April 2018: The CBO reports its \"Long-Term Budget Outlook\" annually, providing at least two scenarios for spending, revenue, deficits, and debt. The 2014 Outlook mainly covers the 25-year period through 2039. The \"extended baseline scenario\" assumes that the laws",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2134329",
"score": "0.92099994",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
}
] |
{
"title": "National debt of the United States",
"long_answer": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On November 7, 2016, debt held by the public was $14.3 trillion or about 76% of the previous 12 months of GDP. Intragovernmental holdings stood at $5.4 trillion, giving a combined total gross national debt of $19.8 trillion or about 106% of the previous 12 months of GDP; $6.2 trillion or approximately 45% of the debt held by the public was owned by foreign investors, the largest of which were Japan and China at about $1.09 trillion for Japan and $1.06 trillion for China as of December 2016.",
"short_answers": [
"Japan",
"Japan and China",
"the public"
]
}
|
where is wake forest located in north carolina
|
[
"78.51889°W",
"in Franklin and Wake counties",
"35.97333°N"
] |
[
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "of it (0.80%) is water. Wake Forest is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the \"Fall Line\" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. Its central Piedmont location situates Wake Forest about three hours by car west of Atlantic Beach, North Carolina, and four hours east of the Great Smoky Mountains. Wake Forest enjoys a moderate subtropical climate, with moderate temperatures in the spring, fall, and winter. Summers are typically hot with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178470",
"score": "1.1707196",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest University",
"text": "Wake Forest University Wake Forest University is a private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, founded in 1834. The university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Reynolda Campus, the university's main campus, has been located north of downtown Winston-Salem since the university moved there in 1956. The Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center campus has two locations, the older one located near the Ardmore neighborhood in central Winston-Salem, and the newer campus at Wake Forest Innovation Quarter downtown. The university also occupies lab space at Biotech Plaza at Innovation Quarter, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1801959",
"score": "1.139458",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "and 3,407 families residing in Wake Forest. The population density was 1,614.4 inhabitants per square mile (623.1/km²). There were 5,091 housing units at an average density of 652.9 per square mile (252.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 79.63% White, 15.78% African American, 0.21% Native American, 2.03% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.78% from other races, and 1.56% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.08% of the population. There were 4,617 households out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 60.3% were married couples living together, 10.7% had",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178472",
"score": "1.0998185",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry",
"text": "North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry The North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry is a series of athletic contests between in-state rivals, the University of North Carolina Tar Heels and the Wake Forest University Demon Deacons. The first game was played in 1888 between the two institutions. Wake Forest was originally located in Wake Forest, North Carolina until it moved its campus across the state of North Carolina to Winston-Salem, North Carolina in 1956. Since ACC expansion the two schools cannot play the yearly rivalry due to scheduling and being in separate divisions. UNC is a Coastal Division member and Wake Forest, an Atlantic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16865757",
"score": "1.0971677",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons",
"text": "Wake Forest is sometimes referred to as being a part of \"Tobacco Road\" or \"The Big Four\", terms that refer to the four North Carolina schools that compete heatedly against each other within the ACC; these include Duke University, North Carolina, and North Carolina State, as well as Wake Forest. The Demon Deacons participate in the NCAA's Division I (in the Bowl Subdivision for football) and in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Athletics Director is Ron Wellman, who won multiple Athletic Director of the Year Awards for his work during the 2007–2008 school year. 2006 Season Wake Forest's football team",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9372436",
"score": "1.0933207",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest University",
"text": "Forest is sometimes referred to as being a part of \"Tobacco Road\" or \"The Big Four,\" terms that refer to the four North Carolina schools that compete heatedly against each other within the ACC; these include Duke, North Carolina, and North Carolina State, as well as Wake Forest. The Demon Deacons participate in the NCAA's Division I (in the Bowl Subdivision for football) and in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Athletics Director is Ron Wellman. Wake Forest's football team was ranked in the Top 25 in the nation by the AP Poll during most of the 2006 season. They won",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1801999",
"score": "1.0880644",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest School of Medicine",
"text": "Wake Forest School of Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine is the medical school of Wake Forest University, located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. It is affiliated with Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, the academic medical center whose clinical arm is Wake Forest Baptist Health. In 2015, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked Wake Forest School of Medicine 49th best for research in the nation and 71st best for primary care. The School of Medicine also ranks in the top third of U.S. medical schools in funding from the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 1902, the two-year Wake",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8416209",
"score": "1.0724411",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest High School",
"text": "Wake Forest High School Wake Forest High School, formerly Wake Forest-Rolesville High School, is a four-year high school (9-12) located in Wake Forest, North Carolina. There were around 1,919 students in grades 9-12 attending Wake Forest High School in 2014-2015. Of those students, 60.86% of the student body is White, 22.09% is Black, 10.58% is Hispanic, 2.45% is Asian or Pacific Islander and 4% is Other [based on 2014 - 2015 school year of 1919 students]. On the College Board SAT, the school had a participation rate of 66% with an average score of 1,024. On the North Carolina, Math",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11401859",
"score": "1.0640316",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "Public schools include: Charter schools include Franklin Academy (K-12),Wake Forest Charter Academy (K-8), Endeavor Charter School (K-8), and Envision Science Academy (K-8). Private schools include Thales Academy, All Saints Academy, and Saint Catherine of Siena Catholic School, serving grades K-8. Wake Forest is also home to two Montessori schools, Wake Forest Montessori and Montessori Children's House of Wake Forest. Wake Technical Community College is an area two-year college with a north campus on Louisburg Road in Raleigh. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary is a seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention. It began offering classes in 1950 on the original campus of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178475",
"score": "1.0634885",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "\"Town of Wake Forest College\" in 1880. In 1909, the word \"College\" was removed from the name of the town. The college moved to the much larger city of Winston-Salem in 1956. Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary began offering classes on the original campus of Wake Forest University in 1950, and occupied the entire campus when the university completed its move. Wake Forest operates under the council-manager form of government. The citizens elect a mayor and board of commissioners as the town's governing body. The town manager is appointed by the board to serve as the chief operating officer administering all",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178468",
"score": "1.0589213",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer",
"text": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men's soccer team is an amateur, NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They achieved their greatest result in 2007, winning the 2007 Division I Men's College Cup. Like all sports teams from Wake Forest, men's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest. Wake Forest fielded its first team in 1980, under the coaching of George Kennedy. The Deacons went 12-9-1 in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13985228",
"score": "1.0582595",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Wake County, North Carolina",
"text": "and USA South Athletic Conference), Peace College (NCAA Division III, USA South Athletic Conference), Shaw University Division II, Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association (CIAA)), and Wake Technical Community College (NJCAA). The Raleigh Cú Chulainn, which includes a Hurling team and a Gaelic football team is based in Wake County. The football team won the 2014 Men's Junior Championship in North American Gaelic Athletic Association competition. The North Carolina Tigers, an Australian Rules football club in the United States Australian Football League (USAFL) and competing in the Eastern Australian Football League (EAFL), are based in Raleigh. Wake County is also home to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "921788",
"score": "1.0572301",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons",
"text": "Wake Forest plays Division 1 college rugby in the Atlantic Coast Rugby League against its traditional ACC rivals. Wake Forest finished the spring 2012 season fourth in the conference with a 4-3 conference record. Wake rapidly ascended through the Division III and Division II ranks since 2004. Wake rugby has been supported by the Wake Forest Rugby Foundation since 2009, which funds a portion of the team's expenses as well as scholarships for players. Patrick Kane was the head coach of the Wake Forest men's rugby team from 2004 to 2013. Patrick Kane served as the commissioner of the ACRL",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9372447",
"score": "1.0528445",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Historic District",
"text": "Wake Forest Historic District Wake Forest Historic District is a national historic district located at Wake Forest, Wake County, North Carolina. The district encompasses 245 contributing buildings, one contributing site, and five contributing structures built between about 1890 and 1953 and located in the historic core of the town of Wake Forest. It includes notable examples of Greek Revival and Federal style architecture. Located in the district are the separately listed Lea Laboratory, South Brick House, and the Powell-White House, a contributing resource in the Glen Royall Mill Village Historic District. Other notable buildings include the historic campus of Wake",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18857730",
"score": "1.0521117",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest University School of Business",
"text": "Babson College, Carnegie Mellon University, Yale University, Duke University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, New York University, Peking University, Purdue University, University of Arkansas, University of Chicago, University of Michigan and Wake Forest University. The School's primary location is on the Wake Forest University campus in Winston-Salem, N.C. Programs offered there include a Bachelor of Science (BS) degree program for undergraduates with majors in finance, accountancy, mathematical business, and business enterprise management. Graduate business programs include an evening MBA, MA in Management and MS in Accountancy. The School of Business also maintains a campus in Charlotte, N.C., that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10442163",
"score": "1.0518383",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Baptist Church",
"text": "Wake Forest Baptist Church Wake Forest Baptist Church is located on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The church was organized in 1956 when Wake Forest College moved from Wake Forest, NC, to Winston-Salem, perpetuating a 125-year-old tradition of having a Baptist church at the center of the campus. Wake Forest Baptist Church \"believes in and dedicates itself to preserving and practicing historic Baptist principles, freedoms, and traditions,\" though its membership has become increasingly ecumenical. Since its beginning, the church has enjoyed a unique relationship with the university. Though it operates as an autonomous congregation—electing its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11271700",
"score": "1.0511202",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "New England, bought of forested land in Wake County, North Carolina. The sparsely populated area became known as the Forest of Wake, or Wake Forest. Jones sold his farm to the North Carolina Baptist Convention for $2,000, who opened the Wake Forest Manual Labor Institute, later Wake Forest College, on the site. The Raleigh & Gaston Railroad, completed in 1840, established a depot in nearby Forestville that stimulated the school and surrounding village. College leaders convinced the railroad to move the depot even closer to the college in 1874, leading to more economic development. This community was incorporated as the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178467",
"score": "1.0497321",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "home of Wake Forest University for 122 years before it moved to Winston-Salem in 1956. The US Office of Management and Budget also includes Wake Forest as a part of the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill Combined Statistical Area, which has a population of 1,998,808 as of U.S. Census 2012 Population Estimates. Effective June 6, 2003 the Office of Management and Budget redefined the Federal Statistical Areas and dismantled what had been for decades the Raleigh-Durham-Chapel Hill, MSA and split them into two separate MSAs even though the region still functions as a single metropolitan area. In 1832, Dr. Calvin Jones, originally from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178466",
"score": "1.0467811",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"text": "municipal affairs. The current mayor is Vivian A. Jones (term expires 2021), and current council members include Greg Harrington (2019), Brian Pate (2019), Anne Reeve (2019), Liz Sempers (2021), and Bridget Wall-Lennon (2021). A new town hall facility opened in downtown Wake Forest in September 2010, and was LEED Platinum certified in November 2011. All town departments are housed in the facility, except police (which has its own building nearby) and public works. Wake Forest is located at (35.973289, -78.518789). According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of . of it is land and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1178469",
"score": "1.0409461",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest University",
"text": "of Wake Forest University Press. Established in 1976 by Irish scholar Dillon Johnston, with the support of Provost Edwin Wilson and President James Ralph Scales, the press is the premier publisher of Irish poetry in North America. Among the poets published are Ciaran Carson, Thomas Kinsella, Michael Longley, Medbh McGuckian, John Montague, Eilean Ni Chuilleanain and Irish language poet Nuala Ni Dhomhnaill. Wake Forest University Wake Forest University is a private research university in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, founded in 1834. The university received its name from its original location in Wake Forest, north of Raleigh, North Carolina. The Reynolda Campus,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1802037",
"score": "1.0381014",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer",
"text": "Defensive Player of the Year: ACC Freshman of the Year: Wake Forest Demon Deacons men's soccer The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons men's soccer team is an amateur, NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They achieved their greatest result in 2007, winning the 2007 Division I Men's College Cup. Like all sports teams from Wake Forest, men's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC). The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest. Wake Forest fielded its first team in 1980, under",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13985232",
"score": "1.033253",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Wake County, North Carolina",
"text": "rural areas in the north and western parts of the county. The outskirts of Raleigh, and the cities of Cary and Apex are where most of the swing voters (Also where many new residents from out of state have moved) are located. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (2.6%) is water. Wake County is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the North American Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the \"fall line\" because it marks the elevation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "921772",
"score": "1.0328839",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry",
"text": "to win 80–78 at the Greensboro Coliseum. In 1995, the two teams faced each other in the ACC Tournament Championship game. Wake won behind center Tim Duncan and shooting guard Randolph Childress who made the go-ahead basket in an 82–80 overtime win. North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry The North Carolina–Wake Forest rivalry is a series of athletic contests between in-state rivals, the University of North Carolina Tar Heels and the Wake Forest University Demon Deacons. The first game was played in 1888 between the two institutions. Wake Forest was originally located in Wake Forest, North Carolina until it moved its campus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16865760",
"score": "1.0308161",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Baptist Church",
"text": "Remembered as Civil Rights Pioneer \"Biblical Recorder\" 6./8. Wake Forest Baptist Church Staff 7. Religious Life at Wake Forest University Wake Forest Baptist Church Wake Forest Baptist Church is located on the campus of Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. The church was organized in 1956 when Wake Forest College moved from Wake Forest, NC, to Winston-Salem, perpetuating a 125-year-old tradition of having a Baptist church at the center of the campus. Wake Forest Baptist Church \"believes in and dedicates itself to preserving and practicing historic Baptist principles, freedoms, and traditions,\" though its membership has become increasingly ecumenical. Since",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11271708",
"score": "1.028439",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest University School of Law",
"text": "Wake Forest University School of Law The Wake Forest University School of Law is one of the professional graduate schools of Wake Forest University. Located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, Wake Forest University School of Law is a private American Bar Association (ABA) accredited law school and is a member of the Association of American Law Schools (AALS). The school was established in 1894. U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks the school among the Top Tier Law Schools in the nation. The current dean is Suzanne Reynolds. Wake Forest University School of Law has a faculty of 52 Resident Faculty",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13230452",
"score": "1.0270469",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons women's soccer",
"text": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons women's soccer The Wake Forest University Demon Deacons women's soccer team is an amateur, NCAA Division I college soccer team composed of students attending Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. They achieved their greatest result in 2011, when they reached the College Cup. Like all sports teams from Wake Forest, women's soccer competes in the Atlantic Coast Conference. The Deacons play their home matches at Spry Stadium on the campus of Wake Forest. Wake Forest fielded its first team in 1994, under the coaching of Chris Turner. The Deacons went 8-9-0 in their first season.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16365982",
"score": "1.0249609",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest Demon Deacons football",
"text": "three FBS United States service academies). It is also the smallest school playing in a Power Five conference. However, since the start of the 21st century, the Deacons have been mostly competitive. The Deacons won the Military Bowl in 2016 and the Belk Bowl in 2017. Wake Forest first fielded a football team in 1888. The team was coached by W. C. Dowd and W. C. Riddick. That team played only one game, and went 1–0, a victory against North Carolina in the first-ever collegiate football game played in the state of North Carolina. From 1891 to 1893, under head",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9274702",
"score": "1.022278",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Wake Forest School of Medicine",
"text": "in research, and the Medical Student Research Program funds student research projects during the summer between their first and second years. The School of Medicine also participates in the Albert Schweitzer Fellowship program, with a number of students winning fellowships each year. Wake Forest School of Medicine Wake Forest School of Medicine is the medical school of Wake Forest University, located in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, United States. It is affiliated with Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, the academic medical center whose clinical arm is Wake Forest Baptist Health. In 2015, \"U.S. News & World Report\" ranked Wake Forest School of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8416221",
"score": "1.0218837",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Wake Technical Community College",
"text": "and Career Academy (also known as the Career and Technical Education High School) in Wake Forest allow students to complete high school while earning college credits that can be applied toward an associate degree, diploma, or certificate at Wake Tech. In 2008 Wake Tech purchased 94 acres of land near Interstate 40 and Interstate 540 in Morrisville for a campus near Research Triangle Park. The RTP Campus is slated to include 10 buildings and accommodate 7,000 students. The first building of the Wake Tech RTP Campus opened in August 2018. Wake Tech provides instruction online and at numerous Community Learning",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3304802",
"score": "1.019271",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Wake Forest, North Carolina",
"long_answer": "Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest University for 122 years before it moved to Winston-Salem in 1956.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Wake Forest is a town in Franklin and Wake counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina; located almost entirely in Wake County, it lies just north of the state capital, Raleigh. The population was 30,117 at the 2010 census, up from 12,588 at the 2000 census. The U.S. Census Bureau estimates the city's population to be 34,752 as of July 1, 2013. In 2007, the town was listed by Forbes magazine as the 20th fastest growing suburb in America, with a 73.2 percent increase in population between 2000 and 2006. Wake Forest was the original home of Wake Forest",
"short_answers": [
"in Franklin and Wake counties"
]
}
|
where is dakar located on the world map
|
[
"Senegal"
] |
[
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "the unified West African CFA currency), and to numerous international organizations, NGOs and international research centers. Dakar has a large Lebanese community (concentrated in the import-export sector) that dates to the 1920s, a community of Moroccan business people, as well as Mauritanian, Cape Verdean, and Guinean communities. The city is home to as many as 20,000 French expatriates. France still maintains an air force base at Yoff and the French fleet is serviced in Dakar's port. Beginning 1978 and until 2007, Dakar was frequently the ending point of the Dakar Rally. The Dakarois climate is generally warm. Dakar has a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547042",
"score": "1.1532881",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "a UNESCO World Heritage Site which preserves the colonial era architectures and facilities. The notable places on the island is Gorée Memorial which is a memorial for the slaves, and the House of Slaves which is a museum dedicated to the Atlantic slave trade. Today, the island is also hosting the art scene of the hundreds of local artists who line up their works at the outdoor exhibitions. Some other notable places include Layen Mausoleum which entombs the founder of the Layene Sufi tariqa, Palais Présidentiel which is the seat of the government constructed in 1907, Place de l'Indépendance which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547053",
"score": "1.150985",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "hot semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification: \"BSh\"), with a short rainy season and a lengthy dry season. Dakar’s rainy season lasts from July to October while the dry season covers the remaining eight months. The city sees approximately of precipitation per year. Dakar between December and May is usually pleasantly warm with daily temperatures around . Nights during this time of the year are comfortable, some . However, between May and November the city becomes decidedly warmer with daily highs reaching and night lows a little bit above . Notwithstanding this hotter season Dakar’s weather is far from being as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547043",
"score": "1.1373732",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Dakar 18",
"text": "\"Dakar 18\" is a racing game set in an open world environment. It features both offline and online single-player and multiplayer modes. The world of the game is over 5,791 square miles (15,000 km²) in size, which is roughly the size of the U.S. state of Connecticut (or the Moquegua Region of Peru), and completely explorable. Five categories of vehicles will be available, including cars, trucks, motorcycles, quads and UTVs. Players also have the option to exit their vehicle and explore the world by foot. Dakar 18 Dakar 18 is a racing video game developed by Bigmoon Entertainment and published",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20530584",
"score": "1.1302496",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "of the most notable is Deux Mamelles, twin hills located in Ouakam commune. The hills are the only high ground in the city, and visible from all area and observable the sweeping view of the city. The first hill is topped with Mamelles Lighthouse built in 1864. The second hill has the newly completed African Renaissance Monument built on top, which is considered the tallest statue in Africa. Other landmarks of the city include the medina quarter located in Médina commune. Médina is originally built as a township for local populace during the French colonial-era. Today it is a traditional",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547051",
"score": "1.0935613",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Transport in Senegal",
"text": "in 1999. Blaise Diagne International Airport in Diass became the hub of the sub-region. Dakar is linked to numerous African cities by air, and daily flights go to Europe. Delta Air Lines flies daily to/from Atlanta/Dakar/Johannesburg. South African Airways flies daily to New York and Washington, D.C. from Johannesburg via Dakar. The old Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport in Dakar is now only exists as a cargo hub. \"total:\" 10 \"over 3,047 m:\" 1 \"1,524 to 2,437 m:\" 7 \"914 to 1,523 m:\" 2 (1999 est.) \"total:\" 10 \"1,524 to 2,437 m:\" 5 \"914 to 1,523 m:\" 4 \"under 914",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "373056",
"score": "1.0887263",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Autonomous Port of Dakar",
"text": "Its current infrastructure includes tanker vessel loading and unloading terminals, a container terminal with a storage capacity of 3000 20-foot-equivalent units, a cereals and fishing port, a dedicated phosphate terminal and a privately run ship repair facility. The port’s location at the extreme western point of Africa, at the crossroad of the major sea-lanes linking Europe to South America, makes it a natural port of call for shipping companies. Nearby over 10 km west of the port is Les Mamelles Lighthouse (also the Ouakam Lighthouse) in which the port maintains together with its beacons. Led by Captain Protet, French troops",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19302759",
"score": "1.080272",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Autonomous Port of Dakar",
"text": "Autonomous Port of Dakar The Autonomous Port of Dakar (French: \"Port autonome de Dakar\", abbreviation: \"PAD\") is a Senegalese public enterprise which is headquartered in Dakar, located in the east of city. Thanks to the strategic position that gives it a sheltered harbor, it is now the third largest port in West Africa after the Autonomous Port of Abidjan and the Port of Lagos It is also the ninth-largest port on the African continent. The port has one of the largest deep-water seaports along the West African coast. Its deep-draft structure and access channel allows round-the-clock access to the port.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19302758",
"score": "1.0785407",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Senegal",
"text": "a tropical climate with pleasant heat throughout the year with well-defined dry and humid seasons that result from northeast winter winds and southwest summer winds. The dry season (December to April) is dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind. Dakar's annual rainfall of about occurs between June and October when maximum temperatures average and minimums ; December to February maximum temperatures average and minimums . Interior temperatures are higher than along the coast (for example, average daily temperatures in Kaolack and Tambacounda for May are and respectively, compared to Dakar's ), and rainfall increases substantially farther south, exceeding annually in some",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "372943",
"score": "1.0783896",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "Dakar (English: /dɑːˈkɑːr, ˈdækər/; French: [dakaʁ]) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city in the Old World as well as on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "proper, to Rufisque, creating a conurbation of almost 3 million (over a quarter of the national population). In its colonial heyday Dakar was one of the major cities of the French Empire, comparable to Hanoi or Beirut. French trading firms established branch offices there and industrial investments (mills, breweries, refineries, canneries) were attracted by its port and rail facilities. It was also strategically important to France, which maintained an important naval base and coaling station in its harbor and which integrated it into its earliest air force and airmail circuits, most notably with the legendary Mermoz airfield (no longer extant).",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547038",
"score": "1.0692568",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "Dakar will host the 2022 Summer Youth Olympics, making it the first African city to host the Olympics. The Cap-Vert peninsula was settled no later than the 15th century, by the Lebou people, an aquacultural ethnic group related to the neighboring Wolof and Serer. The original villages: Ouakam, Ngor, Yoff and Hann, still constitute distinctively Lebou neighborhoods of the city today. In 1444, the Portuguese reached the Bay of Dakar, initially as slave-raiders. Peaceful contact was finally opened in 1456 by Diogo Gomes, and the bay was subsequently referred to as the \"\"Angra de Bezeguiche\"\" (after the name of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547029",
"score": "1.0641465",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "commercial center packed with tailor's shops. The most notable street market is Soumbédioune, which is also a major tourist attraction. The quarter also houses Dakar Grand Mosque at the heart of the commune, which is built in 1964 and one of the prominent landmarks of the city. Dakar is flanked by two small islands, Île de N'Gor and Île de Gorée. The former is on the northern shore of N'Gor commune with beaches providing attractions such as surfing. N'Gor commune also has other popular beach resorts such as Plage de N'Gor. Île de Gorée, formerly a slave island, is today",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547052",
"score": "1.0599201",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "In 1940 Dakar became involved in the Second World War when General de Gaulle, leader of the Free French Forces, sought to make the city the base of his resistance operations. The object was to raise the Free French flag in West Africa, to occupy Dakar and thus start to consolidate the French resistance of its colonies in Africa. The plan had British naval support when fighting alone against the Axis powers. However, due to delays and the plan becoming known, Dakar had already come under the influence of the German controlled will of the Vichy government. With the arrival",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547039",
"score": "1.0575918",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport",
"text": "route, which provided a transoceanic link between Brazil and French West Africa after 1942. Massive amounts of cargo were stored at Dakar, which were then transported along the North African Cairo-Dakar transport route for cargo, transiting aircraft and personnel. From Dakar, flights were made to Dakhla Airport, near Villa Cisneros in what was then Spanish Sahara, or to Atar Airport, depending on the load on the air route. In addition to being the western terminus of the North African route, Dakar was the northern terminus for the South African route, which transported personnel to Pretoria, South Africa, with numerous stopovers",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1822440",
"score": "1.0432559",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "Senegalese Air Force",
"text": "from 1977, when also four SOCATA Rallye light planes were acquired. Four armed Rallye 235A Guerrier version followed in 1984. The Armée de l'Air Sénégalaise headquarters are currently located at Ouakam, near the capital of Dakar, on the opposite side of the Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport. The air force has the role of defending Senegalese airspace, protecting airport areas, supporting other Senegalese forces, medevac and maritime patrol. Funding remains a constant problem for the Senegalese Air Force and the increasing cost of aviation fuel restricts the number of available flying hours. World aircraft information files Brightstar publishing File 338",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10445578",
"score": "1.0207636",
"original_retrieval_index": 52
},
{
"title": "Cairo–Dakar Highway",
"text": "Cairo–Dakar Highway The Cairo–Dakar Highway is Trans-African Highway 1 in the transcontinental road network being developed by the United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), the African Development Bank (ADB), and the African Union. The major part of the highway between Tripoli and Nouakchott has been constructed under a project of the Arab Maghreb Union. The Cairo–Dakar Highway has a length of and runs along the Mediterranean coast of North Africa, continuing down the Atlantic coast of North-West Africa. It is substantially complete except for a few kilometres on the Western Sahara-Mauritania border where there is currently only a desert",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10586560",
"score": "1.0163114",
"original_retrieval_index": 55
},
{
"title": "Hann, Senegal",
"text": "the Dakar Plateau. To the south is the Port of Dakar. To the west is the HLM and Grand Yoff neighbourhoods. To the north is Patte d'Oie and to the northeast, Niayes. Gently sloping from the higher plateau of the city centre, Hann forms a long crescent sand beach, also known as \"Yarakh\". Among the landmarks of Hann is the large park Parc Forestier de Hann, laying just northeast of the Dakar city center, the Parc Zoologique de Hann, and Cours Sainte Marie de Hann private school. The area, once a fishing village still is a launching point for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12517065",
"score": "1.0152242",
"original_retrieval_index": 57
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "railway was completed in 1885, at which point the city became an important base for the conquest of the western Sudan. Gorée, including Dakar, was recognised as a French \"commune\" in 1872. Dakar itself was split off from Gorée as a separate \"commune\" in 1887. The citizens of the city elected their own mayor and municipal council and helped send an elected representative to the National Assembly in Paris. Dakar replaced Saint-Louis as the capital of French West Africa in 1902. A second major railroad, the Dakar-Niger built from 1906–1923, linked Dakar to Bamako and consolidated the city's position at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547035",
"score": "1.0138174",
"original_retrieval_index": 58
},
{
"title": "Ouarzazate",
"text": "2006 and 2007 Dakar Rally. Detailed maps are hard to obtain in Morocco. The French IGN mapping at a 1:100,000 scale has been reproduced by the Moroccan \"Division de la carte\". These maps are often out of date and obtained with special permission in Rabat. Soviet mapping on a 1:200,000 scale is available on the Internet, but these are generally outdated and show the names of places in Cyrillic letters. A new series of maps are available, including the Ouarzazate Ouarzazate, nicknamed \"The door of the desert\", is a city and capital of Ouarzazate Province in Drâa-Tafilalet region of south-central",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2686597",
"score": "1.0134996",
"original_retrieval_index": 59
},
{
"title": "Cheikh Anta Diop University",
"text": "France, Togo, Benin, Nigeria, the United States, Mauritania, Mali, Morocco, Rwanda, Cameroon, Belgium, and the United Kingdom. As with a number of other African universities, UCAD occasionally experiences student strikes protesting government or university policies. These strikes generally last not more than one or two weeks but may be longer, as occurred during the 1993 presidential election. With over 60,000 students and only 5,000 dormitory rooms, most students from outside Dakar must look for other accommodations. Many students live in the Cité Aline Sitoe Diatta, near the university campus, and those who can't afford Dakar's often high rents often share",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5313495",
"score": "1.0075158",
"original_retrieval_index": 67
},
{
"title": "Kayes Region",
"text": "and Fulas (; ). Several rivers cross the region: the Baoulé, the Bafing, and the Bakoy which join at the town of Bafoulabé to form the Sénégal River. The Falls of Félou (15 km from Kayes), the Falls of Gouina (60 km to the south-east of Kayes on the Sénégal River), Talari Gorges, Lake Magui and Lake Doro are located in the region. At the Guinean border, the climate is rather wet, but becomes Sudanian and later Sahelian to the north. The largest cities in the region are Kayes, Kita, Bafoulabé, Nioro du Sahel, Diéma, Yélimané, Sadiola, and Kéniéba The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5095245",
"score": "1.0019512",
"original_retrieval_index": 73
},
{
"title": "Transport in Mauritania",
"text": "and the port of Nouadhibou was paved by 2018; only a few kilometres remain unpaved at the Moroccan border . From Dakar there are links throughout western Africa. The north-western end of the Trans–West African Coastal Highway is considered by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) to originate in Nouakchott. See Airports in Mauritania By city: See Airports in Mauritania Transport in Mauritania Citizens of Mauritania have various transportation methods. Railways and highways connect major cities in the country. Mauritania is a coastal country so there are many ports along its coast and there are a few big",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "258183",
"score": "1.0012554",
"original_retrieval_index": 74
},
{
"title": "French West Africa in World War II",
"text": "cruisers were forced to retreat. Vichy resistance stiffened as a result of the attacks on the French ships. The Battle of Dakar (23 September to 25 September 1940) took place after Allied forces failed to persuade the Vichy French defenders of Dakar to allow them to peacefully enter the city. The Allied forces first tried to persuade the Vichy forces by means of propaganda. They then attempted to take Dakar by force of arms. Both attempts ended in defeat. Allied hopes of taking over French West Africa were dashed for the time being, leading to the less developed and economically",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4761782",
"score": "0.999008",
"original_retrieval_index": 77
},
{
"title": "Ouanda Djallé",
"text": "is located on the Bongo Massif and its peak Mont Toussoro (1330m) is east of Ouanda Djallé. The town is located close to the Sudanese border, about 75 km from South Darfur. The town is a bit isolated from the rest of the country. Most people live in the western parts of the Central African Republic, and this town is located far from the capital, dependent on bad roads. It has an airfield, Ouanda Djallé Airport. Ouanda Djallé Ouanda Djallé is a sub-prefecture and town in the prefecture of Vakaga in the Central African Republic. It is located 130 km",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10412824",
"score": "0.9985932",
"original_retrieval_index": 78
},
{
"title": "Cheikh Anta Diop University",
"text": "citizenship. In 1936, under the Popular Front government in France, Dakar became home to the Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire (IFAN), an institute for the study of African culture. In 1950s, with decolonisation already looming, the French administration expanded these schools, added science faculties, and combined the schools into the \"Institut des Hautes Etudes de Dakar\". In 1957, a new campus was constructed as the 18th French Public University, attached to the University of Paris and the University of Bordeaux. This became the University of Dakar the largest and most prestigious university in French West Africa. In 1987, its name was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5313488",
"score": "0.9969444",
"original_retrieval_index": 79
},
{
"title": "Carabane",
"text": "possible to travel by plane to the airport in Ziguinchor or Cap Skirring, or to travel by boat to one of these locations. Reaching Carabane from either town is relatively straightforward. By boat, the distance between Dakar and Carabane is , although Ziguinchor is only away. Before the launch of the \"Joola\", other boats, mostly well-worn ones, made the connection: first \"Cap Skirring\", then the \"Casamance Express\", and then \"Island Karabane\". In January 1991, a brand new ferry went into operation. Like its predecessors, it connected Dakar to Ziguinchor, stopping near Carabane where canoes could reach the island. On September",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12847269",
"score": "0.99655855",
"original_retrieval_index": 80
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "local ruler). The bay of \"Bezeguiche\" would go on to serve as a critical stop for the Portuguese India Armadas of the early 16th century, where large fleets would routinely stop, both on their outward and return journeys from India, to repair, collect fresh water from the rivulets and wells along the Cap-Vert shore and trade for provisions with the local people for their remaining voyage. (It was famously during one of these stops, in 1501, where the Florentine navigator Amerigo Vespucci began to construct his \"New World\" hypothesis about America.) The Portuguese eventually founded a settlement on the island",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547030",
"score": "0.98789865",
"original_retrieval_index": 90
},
{
"title": "Dakar",
"text": "continued at Gorée until 1848, when it was abolished throughout all French territories. To replace trade in slaves, the French promoted peanut cultivation on the mainland. As the peanut trade boomed, tiny Gorée Island, whose population had grown to 6,000 residents, proved ineffectual as a port. Traders from Gorée decided to move to the mainland and a \"factory\" with warehouses was established in Rufisque in 1840. Large public expenditure for infrastructure was allocated by the colonial authorities to Dakar's development. The port facilities were improved with jetties, a telegraph line was established along the coast to Saint-Louis and the Dakar-Saint-Louis",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "547034",
"score": "0.9866832",
"original_retrieval_index": 92
},
{
"title": "Dakar Department",
"text": "units, with democratically elected regional councils, and regional presidents. They were given extensive powers, and manage economic development, transportation, or environmental protection issues at the regional level, thus coordinating the actions of the communes below them. The department of Dakar is divided into four arrondissements: Almadies, Grand Dakar, Parcelles Assainies (which literally means \"drained lots\"; this is the most populous arrondissement of Dakar), and Plateau/Gorée (downtown Dakar). These arrondissements are quite different from the arrondissements of Paris, being merely local administrative structures of the central state, like the Senegalese departments, and are thus more comparable to French departmental arrondissements. In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9777828",
"score": "0.98657477",
"original_retrieval_index": 94
}
] |
{
"title": "Dakar",
"long_answer": "Dakar (English: /dɑːˈkɑːr, ˈdækər/; French: [dakaʁ]) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city in the Old World as well as on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Dakar (English: /dɑːˈkɑːr, ˈdækər/; French: [dakaʁ]) is the capital and largest city of Senegal. It is located on the Cap-Vert peninsula on the Atlantic coast and is the westernmost city in the Old World as well as on the African mainland. The city of Dakar proper has a population of 1,030,594, whereas the population of the Dakar metropolitan area is estimated at 2.45 million.",
"short_answers": [
"Senegal"
]
}
|
who is credited with the discovery of the neutron
|
[
"James Chadwick"
] |
[
{
"title": "Franz N. D. Kurie",
"text": "Franz N. D. Kurie Franz Newell Devereux Kurie (February 6, 1907 in Victor, Colorado – June 12, 1972) was an American physicist who, while working at Yale in 1933, showed that the neutron was neither a dumbbell-shaped combination of proton and electron, nor an onion-shaped combination of an electron embracing the proton. Consequently, and until the discovery of the quark structure of hadrons, the neutron was assumed to be an elementary particle. His Kurie plot is used in the study of beta decay. Kurie earned his B.Sc. at McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, in 1927 and his Ph.D. at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13120011",
"score": "1.0707153",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Leo Szilard",
"text": "the neutron-induced nuclear chain reaction. Richard Rhodes described Szilard's moment of inspiration: In early 1934, Szilard began working at St Bartholomew's Hospital in London. Working with a young physicist on the hospital staff, Thomas A. Chalmers, he began studying radioactive isotopes for medical purposes. It was known that bombarding elements with neutrons could produce either heavier isotopes of an element, or a heavier element, a phenomenon known as the Fermi Effect after its discoverer, the Italian physicist Enrico Fermi. When they bombarded ethyl iodide with neutrons produced by a radon–beryllium source, they found that the heavier radioactive isotopes of iodine",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "672778",
"score": "1.0622482",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Arthur Jeffrey Dempster",
"text": "the atom bomb and nuclear power. Dempster was also well known as an authority on positive rays. Arthur Jeffrey Dempster Arthur Jeffrey Dempster (August 14, 1886 – March 11, 1950) was a Canadian-American physicist best known for his work in mass spectrometry and his discovery in 1935 of the uranium isotope U. Dempster was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. He received his bachelor's and master's degrees at the University of Toronto in 1909 and 1910, respectively. He travelled to study in Germany, and then left at the outset of World War I for the United States; there he received his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5340577",
"score": "1.0542785",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Andreas von Antropoff",
"text": "Andreas von Antropoff Roman Andreas von Antropoff, born on August 16, 1878 in Reval (now Tallinn) and died on June 2, 1956 in Bonn, was an Estonian-born German chemist, who was professor at the Bonn University and is known to have coined the term \"neutronium\" and developed a temporarily and widely used alternative periodic table of elements in 1926. His father was Roman von Antropoff, a lawyer and owner of a manor house and his mother was Sophie Emilie von Antropoff. Antropoff had four brothers and one sister: From 1889 to 1892 Andreas von Antropoff attended the Domschule of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20010081",
"score": "1.0516248",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Sándor Szalay (physicist)",
"text": "Sándor Szalay (physicist) Sándor Szalay, Sr. (October 4, 1909 – October 11, 1987) was a pioneer of Hungarian nuclear physics. He discovered a natural mechanism for uranium enrichment, which led to the discovery of several uranium deposits including an enriched deposit in the Mecsek Mountains of Hungary. In 1955 he collaborated with Gyula Csikai to discover the neutrino, a weakly interactive particle. In a photograph of a cloud chamber, they found a nucleus changing direction, which they interpreted as the emission of a neutrino. (The antineutrino was detected by Frederick Reines and Clyde Cowan in 1953, a discovery for which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11236193",
"score": "1.044009",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "John Alexander Simpson",
"text": "in his research contributed the discovery that the latitude effect seen with neutrons is around 20 times greater than with ionization chambers in 1949. In 1951 he found that the time variations are much greater as well. He had recognized the potential of the neutrons and the lower energy cosmic ray particles for exploring the causes of the time variations. That year he also invented the neutron monitor to fulfill the need for a stable ground-based neutron detector. In doing so, he established neutron monitor stations at various locations including Peru, Huancayo, Mexico, Mexico City, New Mexico, Sacramento Peak, Colorado,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14149150",
"score": "1.0433183",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Fritz Strassmann",
"text": "1971, the reports were declassified and returned to Germany. The reports are available at the Karlsruhe Nuclear Research Center and the American Institute of Physics. Fritz Strassmann Friedrich Wilhelm \"Fritz\" Strassmann (; 22 February 1902 – 22 April 1980) was a German chemist who, with Otto Hahn in early 1939, identified barium in the residue after bombarding uranium with neutrons, results which, when confirmed, demonstrated the previously unknown phenomenon of nuclear fission. Born in Boppard, he began his chemistry studies in 1920 at the Technical University of Hannover and earned his Ph.D. in 1929. He did his Ph.D. work on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4503733",
"score": "1.0409061",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Karl-Ludwig Kratz",
"text": "Karl-Ludwig Kratz Karl-Ludwig Kratz (b. April 23, 1941 in Jena, Thuringia) is a German nuclear chemist and astrophysicist. He is professor for nuclear chemistry at the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz and adjunct professor of physics at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana. One of the main interests of Kratz is the study of nuclear structure of very neutron-rich isotopes. He concentrated on the beta-delayed neutron decay mode, especially the spectroscopy of the emitted neutrons. These isotopes are obtained by nuclear fission or proton induced spallation of heavy elements as uranium. In general, the extremely neutron-rich species",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7637257",
"score": "1.0388725",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Samuel T. Cohen",
"text": "deleted scenes. During the interview, Cohen asserts that the neutron bomb conforms to just war theories. Samuel T. Cohen Samuel Theodore Cohen (January 25, 1921 – November 28, 2010) was an American physicist who is generally credited as the father of the neutron bomb. Cohen's parents were Austrian Jews who emigrated from London, England. He was born on January 25, 1921, in Brooklyn and raised in New York City. He studied mathematics and physics at University of California, Los Angeles before joining the United States Army after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1944 he worked on the Manhattan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3600246",
"score": "1.0356556",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Samuel T. Cohen",
"text": "Samuel T. Cohen Samuel Theodore Cohen (January 25, 1921 – November 28, 2010) was an American physicist who is generally credited as the father of the neutron bomb. Cohen's parents were Austrian Jews who emigrated from London, England. He was born on January 25, 1921, in Brooklyn and raised in New York City. He studied mathematics and physics at University of California, Los Angeles before joining the United States Army after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. In 1944 he worked on the Manhattan Project in the efficiency group at Los Alamos and calculated how neutrons behaved in Fat Man,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3600228",
"score": "1.0356165",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "Discovery of the neutron The discovery of the neutron and its properties was central to the extraordinary developments in atomic physics that occurred in the first half of the 20th century. Early in the century, Ernest Rutherford developed a crude model for the atom, based on the gold foil experiment of Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden. In this model, atoms had their mass and positive electric charge concentrated in a very small nucleus. By 1920 chemical isotopes had been discovered, the atomic masses had been determined to be integer multiples of the mass of the hydrogen atom, and the atomic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668724",
"score": "1.034192",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Henry H. Barschall",
"text": "closely with John A. Wheeler. After a suggestion by Niels Bohr, he carried out in only a few days with fellow graduate student Morton H. Kanner the first demonstration of fission by fast neutrons and thorium and uranium. His thesis was on the interaction of fast neutrons with helium. In a paper with John A. Wheeler he reported the discovery of spin-orbit coupling in neutron scattering. He worked at the University of Kansas, and then at the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico continuing his work with fast neutrons. In 1946 he joined the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9989276",
"score": "1.0336833",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Heinz Maier-Leibnitz",
"text": "neutron optics, Maier-Leibnitz was one of the first to realize that the neutron flux from the FRM was too low for some interesting experiments. Maier-Leibnitz was instrumental, along with Louis Néel, in bringing about the German-French project to construct a high-flux neutron source and founded the \"Institut Laue-Langevin\" in Grenoble in 1967, named in honor of the physicist Max von Laue and Paul Langevin. The reactor had the first source of cold neutrons. From 1967 to 1972, Maier-Leibnitz was the first director of the \"Institut Laue-Langevin\". After the end of his term as director of the \"Institut Laue-Langevin\", Maier-Leibnitz held",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13026167",
"score": "1.0331744",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Franz N. D. Kurie",
"text": "1960. Kurie was awarded the Presidential Certificate of Merit for his wartime work, and was given the Navy's Distinguished Civilian Service Award in 1961. Franz N. D. Kurie Franz Newell Devereux Kurie (February 6, 1907 in Victor, Colorado – June 12, 1972) was an American physicist who, while working at Yale in 1933, showed that the neutron was neither a dumbbell-shaped combination of proton and electron, nor an onion-shaped combination of an electron embracing the proton. Consequently, and until the discovery of the quark structure of hadrons, the neutron was assumed to be an elementary particle. His Kurie plot is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13120013",
"score": "1.0326538",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "a free neutron would be able to decay into a proton, electron, and neutrino (beta decay). Soon after the discovery of the neutron, indirect evidence suggested the neutron had an unexpected non-zero value for its magnetic moment. Attempts to measure the neutron's magnetic moment originated with the discovery by Otto Stern in 1933 in Hamburg that the proton had an anomalously large magnetic moment. By 1934 groups led by Stern, now in Pittsburgh, and I. I. Rabi in New York had independently deduced that the magnetic moment of the neutron was negative and unexpectedly large by measuring the magnetic moments",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668763",
"score": "1.0318913",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Helmut Rauch",
"text": "also massive particles. Further they demonstrated the fundamental symmetry of spin 1/2 particles under rotations. Helmut Rauch Helmut Rauch (born 22 January 1939 in Krems an der Donau, Lower Austria) is an Austrian physicist. He is specially known for his pioneering experiments on neutron interference. Rauch studied Physics at Vienna University of Technology and worked at Atominstitut Vienna. He has also been affiliated with Forschungszentrum Jülich and Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble. In 1974, Rauch, together with Ulrich Bonse and Wolfgang Treimer, demonstrated the first matter wave interference of Neutrons. This demonstrated the wave-like nature of neutrons for the first time",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16772940",
"score": "1.029319",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Yoshio Nishina",
"text": "he constructed a few cyclotrons at RIKEN. In particular, he detected what turned out to be the muon in cosmic rays, independently of Anderson \"et al\". He also discovered the uranium-237 isotope and pioneered the studies of symmetric fission phenomena occurring upon fast neutron irradiation of uranium (1939–1940), and narrowly missed out on the discovery of the first transuranic element, neptunium. He was a principal investigator of RIKEN and mentored generations of physicists, including two Nobel Laureates: Hideki Yukawa and Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. During World War II, he was the head of the Japanese nuclear weapon program. Nishina appears as a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3458692",
"score": "1.0288529",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Neutron",
"text": "In 1938, Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics \"\"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\". In 1938 Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, and Fritz Strassmann discovered nuclear fission, or the fractionation of uranium nuclei into light elements, induced by neutron bombardment. In 1945 Hahn received the 1944 Nobel Prize in Chemistry \"\"for his discovery of the fission of heavy atomic nuclei.\"\" The discovery of nuclear fission would lead to the development of nuclear power and the atomic bomb by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "291380",
"score": "1.0274388",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Italians",
"text": "the team in Chicago that built the first nuclear reactor and is also noted for his many other contributions to physics, including the co-development of the quantum theory. He and a number of Italian physicists were forced to leave Italy in the 1930s by Fascist laws against Jews, including Emilio G. Segrè (1905–89) (who discovered the elements technetium and astatine, and the antiproton), and Bruno Rossi (1905–93), a pioneer in Cosmic Rays and X-ray astronomy. Other prominent physicists and scientists include: Amedeo Avogadro (most noted for his contributions to molecular theory, in particular Avogadro's law and the Avogadro constant), Giulio",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2362043",
"score": "1.0259045",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "History of chemistry",
"text": "her pioneering research on radioactivity. She and her husband are considered to have laid the cornerstone of the nuclear age with their research on radioactivity. Marie was fascinated with the work of Henri Becquerel, a French physicist who discovered in 1896 that uranium casts off rays similar to the X-rays discovered by Wilhelm Röntgen. Marie Curie began studying uranium in late 1897 and theorized, according to a 1904 article she wrote for Century magazine, \"that the emission of rays by the compounds of uranium is a property of the metal itself—that it is an atomic property of the element uranium",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4465574",
"score": "1.0258784",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Mary Tsingou",
"text": "proper credit for her contribution. Subsequent papers referencing the FPUT problem reflect this change. Mary Tsingou Mary Tsingou (married name: Mary Tsingou-Menzel; born October 14, 1928) is an American physicist and mathematician of Greek ancestry. She is known for being one of the first programmers on the MANIAC computer at Los Alamos National Laboratory and for work in conjunction with Enrico Fermi, John Pasta, and Stanislaw Ulam which became the inspiration for the fields of chaos theory and scientific computing. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, her parents moved to the US from Bulgaria and were Greek. She spent several years in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16937082",
"score": "1.0250268",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Neptunium",
"text": "after the Greek name \"Ausonia\" (Italy). Several theoretical objections to the claims of Fermi's paper were quickly raised; in particular, the exact process that took place when an atom captured a neutron was not well understood at the time. This and Fermi's accidental discovery three months later that nuclear reactions could be induced by slow neutrons cast further doubt in the minds of many scientists, notably Aristid von Grosse and Ida Noddack, that the experiment was creating element 93. While von Grosse's claim that Fermi was actually producing protactinium (element 91) was quickly tested and disproved, Noddack's proposal that the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "291596",
"score": "1.0226622",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz",
"text": "Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz Mujaddid Ahmed Ijaz, Ph.D. (Urdu: ; June 12, 1937— July 9, 1992), was a Pakistani-American experimental physicist noted for his role in discovering new isotopes that expanded the neutron-deficient side of the atomic chart. Some of the isotopes he discovered enabled significant advances in medical research, particularly in the treatment of cancer, and further advanced the experimental understanding of nuclear structures. Ijaz conducted his research work at Oak Ridge National Laboratories (ORNL). He and his ORNL colleagues published more than 60 papers in physics journals announcing isotope discoveries and other results of their accelerator experiments from 1968",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15754001",
"score": "1.0205926",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"text": "of the wood were slowing the neutrons and so increasing the chance for the neutron to interact with nuclei. Fermi therefore passed neutrons through paraffin wax to slow them and found that the radioactivity of bombarded elements increased by a hundredfold. The cross section for interaction with nuclei is much larger for slow neutrons than for fast neutrons. In 1938 Fermi received the Nobel Prize in Physics \"\"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons\"\". In Berlin, the collaboration of Lise",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18668767",
"score": "1.0203369",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Lise Meitner",
"text": "Lise Meitner Lise Meitner (; ; 7 November 1878 – 27 October 1968) was an Austrian-Swedish physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. Meitner, Otto Hahn and Otto Robert Frisch led the small group of scientists who first discovered nuclear fission of uranium when it absorbed an extra neutron; the results were published in early 1939. Meitner, Hahn and Frisch understood that the fission process, which splits the atomic nucleus of uranium into two smaller nuclei, must be accompanied by an enormous release of energy. Nuclear fission is the process exploited by nuclear reactors to generate heat and, subsequently,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "248421",
"score": "1.0197244",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Alexandru Proca",
"text": "between proton and neutron. The theory for this case has been given by Proca\".\" Alexandru Proca Alexandru Proca (October 16, 1897, Bucharest – December 13, 1955, Paris) was a Romanian physicist who studied and worked in France. He developed the vector meson theory of nuclear forces and the relativistic quantum field equations that bear his name (Proca's equations) for the massive, vector spin-1 mesons. He became a French citizen in 1931. In Romania, he was one of the eminent students of the school \"\"Gheorghe Lazăr\"\" and the \"Polytechnic School\" in Bucharest. With a very strong interest in theoretical physics, he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14102621",
"score": "1.0188758",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Alan Soper",
"text": "neutron source senior research fellow in 2009. Alan Soper Alan Kenneth Soper (born 1951) FRS is an STFC Senior Fellow at the ISIS neutron source based at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in Oxfordshire. Soper was educated at the Campion School, Hornchurch and the University of Leicester where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree followed by a PhD in 1977 for research into the structure of aqueous solutions conducted at the Institut Laue–Langevin in Grenoble supervised by John Enderby. Before moving to RAL in 1997, Soper was a postdoctoral researcher and assistant professor in the Physics Department at the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18292160",
"score": "1.0186046",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Ernest Lawrence",
"text": "Ernest Lawrence Ernest Orlando Lawrence (August 8, 1901 – August 27, 1958) was a pioneering American nuclear scientist and winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1939 for his invention of the cyclotron. He is known for his work on uranium-isotope separation for the Manhattan Project, as well as for founding the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. A graduate of the University of South Dakota and University of Minnesota, Lawrence obtained a PhD in physics at Yale in 1925. In 1928, he was hired as an associate professor of physics at the University of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "507098",
"score": "1.016604",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Bruno Pontecorvo",
"text": "\"scientifically one of the brightest men with whom I have come in contact in my scientific career\". As their youngest member, the group nicknamed him \"Cucciolo\", which means \"puppy\". In 1934, Pontecorvo contributed to Fermi's famous experiment showing the properties of slow neutrons that led the way to the discovery of nuclear fission. Pontecorvo's name was included on the Via Panisperna boys' patent \"To increase the production of artificial radioactivity with neutron bombardment\". He was made a temporary assistant at the Royal Institute of Physics on 1 November 1934 and the University of Rome, and on 7 November, he was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5051239",
"score": "1.0151659",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
}
] |
{
"title": "Discovery of the neutron",
"long_answer": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The essential nature of the atomic nucleus was established with the discovery of the neutron by James Chadwick in 1932 and the determination that it was a new elementary particle, distinct from the proton.",
"short_answers": [
"James Chadwick"
]
}
|
where did an independence movement occur because of the congress of vienna
|
[
"Italy",
"Norway"
] |
[
{
"title": "Pan-Slavism",
"text": "Jozef Šafárik. The movement began following the end of the Napoleonic Wars in 1815. In the aftermath, the leaders of Europe sought to restore the pre-war status quo. At the Congress of Vienna, Austria's representative, Prince von Metternich, felt the threat to this status quo in Austria was the nationalists demanding independence from the empire. While their subjects were composed of numerous ethnic groups (such as Italians, Romanians, Hungarians, etc.), most of the subjects were Slavs. The First Pan-Slav congress was held in Prague, Bohemia in June, 1848, during the revolutionary movement of 1848. The Czechs had refused to send",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "333751",
"score": "1.1016004",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "German revolutions of 1848–49",
"text": "in the eyes of the German public when Prussia carried through its own political intentions in the Schleswig-Holstein question without the prior consent of Parliament. A similar discrediting occurred when Austria suppressed a popular uprising in Vienna by military force. Nonetheless, discussions on the future constitution had started. The main questions to be decided were: Soon events began to overtake discussions. Delegate Robert Blum had been sent to Vienna by his left-wing political colleagues on a fact-finding mission to see how Austria's government was rolling back liberal achievements by military force. Blum participated in the street fighting, was arrested and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1945691",
"score": "1.0648012",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "German Question",
"text": "1848, German liberals and nationalists united in revolution, forming the Frankfurt Parliament. The Greater German movement within this National Assembly demanded the unification of all German-populated lands into one nation. In general, the left favored a republican , whereas the liberal center favored the with a constitutional monarchy. Those supporting the position argued that since the Habsburgs had ruled the Holy Roman Empire for 400 years, Austria was best suited to lead the unified nation. However, Austria posed a problem because the Habsburgs ruled large chunks of non-German-speaking territory. The largest such area was the Kingdom of Hungary, which also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13937669",
"score": "1.0553677",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Kleinstaaterei",
"text": "Prussia and Austria, decided at the Congress of Vienna (1814–15) on widespread dynastic restorations, although some of Napoleon's consolidations were maintained, and Austria and Prussia helped themselves to some formerly independent territories. The resulting territorial division resulted in a consolidated version—around 40 states—of the pre-Napoleonic \"Kleinstaaterei\". The rise of nationalism across Europe brought movements striving for \"nation-states\", each governing an entire (ethno-cultural) people. German nationalists began to insist on a unified Germany. The call for a unified nation-state was one of the central demands of the Revolutions of 1848, but the ruling dynasties of the smaller German states and of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7065911",
"score": "1.049994",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire",
"text": "Piedmont-Savoy, initiated a nationalist war on March 23 in the Austrian held northern Italian provinces that would consume the attention of the entire peninsula. The German nationalist movement faced the question of whether or not Austria should be included in the united German state, a quandary that divided the Frankfurt National Assembly. The liberal ministers in Vienna were willing to allow elections for the German National Assembly in some of the Habsburg lands, but it was undetermined which Habsburg territories would participate. Hungary and Galicia were clearly not German; German nationalists (who dominated the Bohemian Diet) felt the old crown",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1945615",
"score": "1.0473845",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "First Italian War of Independence",
"text": "the other Italian volunteers and fought against Austria. Alongside the royal war, revolutionary movements took place in various Italian states (Papal States, Tuscany, etc.), part of the Revolutions of 1848 in the Italian states, which could not be reconciled with the Liberal ideals of Piedmont. Historiography treats these revolutions, as well as the Sicilian revolution of 23 March 1848, as a popular war, which also failed, ending in the restoration of traditional institutions and many rebels forced into exile. In the popular war with the internal revolutionaries, the Kingdom of Two Sicilies and the Papal States found themselves on the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9314140",
"score": "1.0453113",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Belgian Revolution",
"text": "of Antwerp bombarded the town, claiming a breach of a ceasefire, the whole of the Southern provinces was incensed. Any opportunity to quell the breach was lost on 26 September when a National Congress was summoned to draw up a Constitution and the Provisional Government was established under Charles Latour Rogier. A Declaration of Independence followed on 4 October 1830. On 20 December 1830 the London Conference of 1830 brought together five major European powers, Austria, Britain, France, Prussia and Russia. At first the European powers were divided over the Belgian cry for independence. The Napoleonic Wars were still fresh",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3328572",
"score": "1.0331333",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "December Constitution",
"text": "service, a joint foreign office, and joint armed forces. Otherwise, the Kingdom of Hungary would be a fully independent separate country. The remaining laws dealt mainly with procedural details and miscellanea such as the immunity of Imperial Council delegates. Until 1848, the Austrian Empire was an absolute monarchy with no written constitution and no modern concept of the rule of law. In 1848, a wave of revolutions swept Austria; the revolutionaries demanded, among other things, constitutionalism and freedom of the press. By March 15, Emperor Ferdinand I had been forced to promise to meet these demands. On April 25, pursuant",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18454233",
"score": "1.0302422",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "December Constitution",
"text": "Hungary had come close to independence during the 1848 revolutions, had been beaten into submission only with the help of the Russian Empire, and had lived under what effectively was a military dictatorship ever since. In 1866, Austria was defeated in the Austro-Prussian War and lost its claim to being the leading German state, plunging the Habsburg dynasty and their German-speaking realms into an unprecedented identity crisis. The monarch's moral authority gravely damaged once more, unrest in Hungary threatened to erupt again. His back to the wall, Franz Joseph saw no choice but grant Hungary all but full independence in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18454237",
"score": "1.0278401",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Congress of Vienna",
"text": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "French Revolution of 1848",
"text": "powers of Prussia, Russia, and Austria in 1773 and 1793. Finally in 1795, all of the Polish nation was absorbed by the three powers. However, it was an opportune time to raise the issue of Polish independence as Poles were also undergoing their own period of revolt in 1848 starting with the uprising in Poznań on 20 March 1848. However, the government of the National Constituent Assembly continued to resist the radicals. The radicals began to protest against the National Constituent Assembly government. On 15 May 1848, Parisian workmen, feeling their democratic and social republic was slipping away, invaded the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15213266",
"score": "1.0238167",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Congress of Vienna",
"text": "Four Great Powers and not all the countries of Europe could extend their rights at the Congress. The Italian peninsula became a mere \"geographical expression\" as divided into seven parts: Lombardy–Venetia, Modena, Naples–Sicily, Parma, Piedmont–Sardinia, Tuscany, and the Papal States under the control of different powers. Poland remained partitioned between Russia, Prussia and Austria, with the largest part, the newly created Kingdom of Poland, remaining under Russian control. The arrangements made by the Four Great Powers sought to ensure future disputes would be settled in a manner that would avoid the terrible wars of the previous 20 years. Although the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "551553",
"score": "1.0201535",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "19th century",
"text": "from Mexico in 1823. After several rebellions, by 1841 the federation had dissolved into the independent countries of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. In 1830, the post-colonial nation of Gran Colombia dissolved and the nations of Colombia (including modern-day Panama), Ecuador, and Venezuela took its place. The Revolutions of 1848 were a series of political upheavals throughout Europe in 1848. The revolutions were essentially democratic and liberal in nature, with the aim of removing the old monarchical structures and creating independent nation states. The first revolution began in January in Sicily. Revolutions then spread across Europe after",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14834208",
"score": "1.0188956",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Prussia",
"text": "join its free trade area in the 1820s. Prussia benefited greatly from the creation in 1834 of the German Customs Union (Zollverein), which included most German states but excluded Austria. In 1848 the liberals saw an opportunity when revolutions broke out across Europe. Alarmed, King Frederick William IV agreed to convene a National Assembly and grant a constitution. When the Frankfurt Parliament offered Frederick William the crown of a united Germany, he refused on the grounds that he would not accept a crown from a revolutionary assembly without the sanction of Germany's other monarchs. The Frankfurt Parliament was forced to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2312396",
"score": "1.0141588",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "History of the Russo-Turkish wars",
"text": "The Greeks' independence war led to the Russian forces advancing into Bulgaria before the Turks sued for peace. The resulting Treaty of Adrianople (Edirne) on September 14, 1829, gave Russia most of the eastern shore of the Black Sea and the mouth of the Danube. The second independence movement happened during the uprisings. See Bosnia and Herzegovina: 19th-20th centuries, Romanian War of Independence. An uprising against Ottoman rule began in Herzegovina in July 1875. The Bulgarians organised the April Uprising, which lasted from April to May 1876. Serbia achieved autonomy and Russia was allowed to occupy Moldavia and Wallachia (guaranteeing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6413339",
"score": "1.0123123",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Austria-Hungary",
"text": "through the Suez Canal. The Congress of Berlin rolled back the Russian victory by partitioning the large Bulgarian state that Russia had carved out of Ottoman territory and denying any part of Bulgaria full independence from the Ottomans. Austria occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina as a way of gaining clout in the Balkans. Serbia, Montenegro and Romania became fully independent. Nonetheless the Balkans remained a site of political unrest with teeming ambition for independence and great power rivalries. At the Congress of Berlin in 1878 Gyula Andrássy (Minister of Foreign Affairs) managed to force Russia to retreat from further demands in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "32320",
"score": "1.0119131",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Secession",
"text": "the voter turnout, the number of votes were still well over the requirement of 60% turnout, and the majority vote for secession is not in question. The predetermined date for the creation of an independent state was 9 July 2011. In 1847, seven disaffected Catholic cantons formed a separate alliance because of moves to change the cantons of Switzerland from a confederation to a more centralized government federation. This effort was crushed in the Sonderbund War and a new Swiss Federal Constitution was created. In the aftermath of the Ukrainian Revolution of 2014, several regions of Ukraine declared independence: What",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1291681",
"score": "1.0087156",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Italian unification",
"text": "Italian Independence began in April 1859 when the Sardinian Prime Minister Count Cavour found an ally in Napoleon III. Napoleon III signed a secret alliance and Cavour provoked Austria with military maneuvers and eventually created the war in April 1859. Cavour called for volunteers to enlist in the Italian liberation. The Austrians planned to use their army to beat the Sardinians before the French could come to their aid. Austria had an army of 140,000 men, while the Sardinians had a mere 70,000 men by comparison. However the Austrians' numerical strength was outweighed by an ineffectual leadership appointed by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "700923",
"score": "1.0081378",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Austro-Italian ironclad arms race",
"text": "the House of Savoy to establish a united kingdom encompassing the whole of the Italian Peninsula. This process began in earnest during the Revolutions of 1848. After a successful revolution in France in February 1848 toppled King Louis Philippe I and established the Second French Republic, revolutionary fervor broke out across Europe. In Vienna, Austrian Chancellor Klemens von Metternich resigned his post and left in exile for London while Austrian Emperor Ferdinand I was forced to abdicate the throne in favor of his nephew, Franz Joseph I. Across the Austrian Empire, nationalist sentiments among Austria's various ethnic groups led to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20733388",
"score": "1.0078772",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire",
"text": "the same for the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria. The victory of the party of movement was looked at as an opportunity for lower classes to renew old conflicts with greater anger and energy. Several tax boycotts and attempted murders of tax collectors occurred in Vienna. Assaults against soldiers were common, including against Radetzky's troops retreating from Milan. The archbishop of Vienna was forced to flee, and in Graz, the convent of the Jesuits was destroyed. The demands of nationalism and its contradictions became apparent as new national governments began declaring power and unity. Charles Albert of Sardinia, King of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1945614",
"score": "1.0073433",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Kingdom of Prussia",
"text": "followed the Congress of Vienna, there was a conflict of ideals within the German Confederation between the formation of a single German nation and the conservation of the current collection of smaller German states and kingdoms. The creation of the German Customs Union (Zollverein) in 1834, which excluded the Austrian Empire, increased Prussian influence over the member states. As a consequence of the Revolutions of 1848, King Frederick William IV was offered the crown of a united Germany by the Frankfurt Parliament. Frederick William refused the offer on the grounds that revolutionary assemblies could not grant royal titles. But there",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1822924",
"score": "1.0058653",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Republic of San Marco",
"text": "combined with promises of law and order to the bourgeoisie, meant his leadership was popular. Unfortunately, however, Manin did not have the leadership qualities that might have led to enduring independence. King Charles Albert of Sardinia had occupied Milan and other Austrian territories with his army. But despite popular support in the Papal States, the Tuscany, and the Two Sicilies for the Sardinian campaign, he chose to seek plebiscites in the occupied territories, rather than pursuing the retreating Austrians. Despite enthusiastic support for Sardinia by the revolutionaries (the Republic of San Marco and Giuseppe Mazzini's Milanese volunteers), the Austrians started",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12704022",
"score": "1.0051687",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "German nationalism",
"text": "Austria and Prussia. The Revolutions of 1848 led to revolution in various German states. Nationalists did seize power in a number of German states and an all-German parliament was created in Frankfurt in May 1848. The Frankfurt Parliament attempted to create a national constitution for all German states but rivalry between Prussian and Austrian interests resulted in proponents of the parliament advocating a \"small German\" solution (a monarchical German nation-state without Austria) with the imperial crown of Germany being granted to the King of Prussia. The King of Prussia refused the offer and efforts to create a leftist German nation-state",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4871825",
"score": "1.0048752",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "History of South America",
"text": "San Martín (United Provinces of the River Plate, Chile, and Peru), and Bernardo O'Higgins (Chile) led their independence struggle. Although Bolivar attempted to keep the Spanish-speaking parts of the continent politically unified, they rapidly became independent of one another. Unlike the Spanish colonies, the Brazilian independence came as an indirect consequence of the Napoleonic Invasions to Portugal – French invasion under General Junot led to the capture of Lisbon on 8 December 1807. In order not to lose its sovereignty, the Portuguese Court moved the capital from Lisbon to Rio de Janeiro, which was the Portuguese Empire's capital between 1808",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "619119",
"score": "1.0048099",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Serb uprising of 1848–49",
"text": "which several Serbs participated. Simultaneously to these political manifestation, fights began on the street. There were even alarms in loyal imperial Vienna. Metternich needed to be sacrificed, but it did not calm the boiling spirits, especially not where the movement got not only the character of the struggle for constitutional freedoms, but also for national liberation. The Hungarians became the most dangerous in Austria, led by a very temperamented orator Lajos Kossuth. In their nationalism, the Hungarians never had enough measures. On the area of the Crown of St. Stephen they were a constant minority in relation to the other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19218300",
"score": "1.0024099",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Unification of Germany",
"text": "would play the role of aggressor in German affairs, while Prussia would play that of the protector of German rights and liberties. At the Congress of Vienna in 1815, Metternich and his conservative allies had reestablished the Spanish monarchy under King Ferdinand VII. Over the following forty years, the great powers supported the Spanish monarchy, but events in 1868 would further test the old system. A revolution in Spain overthrew Queen Isabella II, and the throne remained empty while Isabella lived in sumptuous exile in Paris. The Spanish, looking for a suitable Catholic successor, had offered the post to three",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3908809",
"score": "1.0001345",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Autonomist Association",
"text": "state right within the Empire since it was the land of the Magyar nation. Similarly, Croatia retained its autonomy and state right because of its historical and national specificity. The same applied to Fiume: as kossuthism and the Independence and 1848 Party proclaimed national independence as the ultimate political goal for Hungarians, in Fiume both Frano Supilo and Zanella started their policies of \"New Course\". Both paths were basically secessionist and ready to look at new allies (Serbs for Supilo, with the resulting Resolution of Fiume) and Croats for Zanella, who helped Supilo providing him with the necessary contacts with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13000954",
"score": "0.9990271",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Flanders",
"text": "On 25 August 1830 (after the showing of the opera 'La Muette de Portici' of Daniel Auber in Brussels) the Belgian Revolution sparked off and became a fact. On 4 October 1830, the Provisional Government (Dutch: \"Voorlopig Bewind\") proclaimed the independence, which was later confirmed by the National Congress that issued a new Liberal Constitution and declared the new state a Constitutional Monarchy, under the House of Saxe-Coburg. Flanders now became part of the Kingdom of Belgium, which was recognized by the major European Powers on 20 January 1831. The de facto dissidence was finally recognized by the United Kingdom",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "135924",
"score": "0.9987362",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Bavaria",
"text": "der Abgeordneten\"). That constitution was followed until the collapse of the monarchy at the end of World War I. After the rise of Prussia to power, Bavaria preserved its independence by playing off the rivalries of Prussia and Austria. Allied to Austria, it was defeated in the 1866 Austro-Prussian War and did not belong to the North German Federation of 1867, but the question of German unity was still alive. When France declared war on Prussia in 1870, the south German states Baden, Württemberg, Hessen-Darmstadt and Bavaria joined the Prussian forces (whereas Austria did not) and ultimately joined the Federation,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "45767",
"score": "0.9986648",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire",
"text": "as inter and intra confessional hostility momentarily subsided as much of the continent rejoiced in the liberal victories. Mass political organizations and public participation in government became widespread. However, liberal ministers were unable to establish central authority. Provisional governments in Venice and Milan quickly expressed a desire to be part of an Italian confederacy of states; but for the Venetian government this lasted only five days, after the 1848 armistice between Austria and Piedmont. A new Hungarian government in Pest announced its intentions to break away from the Empire and elect Ferdinand its King, and a Polish National Committee announced",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1945613",
"score": "0.99769783",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
}
] |
{
"title": "Congress of Vienna",
"long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth Coalition, and the Treaty of Kiel that covered issues raised regarding Scandinavia. The Treaty of Paris had determined that a \"general congress\" should be held in Vienna and that invitations would be issued to \"all the Powers engaged on either side in the present war\". The opening was scheduled for July 1814.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Treaty of Chaumont in 1814 had reaffirmed decisions that had been made already and that would be ratified by the more important Congress of Vienna of 1814-15. They included the establishment of a confederated Germany, the division of Italy into independent states, the restoration of the Bourbon kings of Spain, and the enlargement of the Netherlands to include what in 1830 became modern Belgium. The Treaty of Chaumont became the cornerstone of the European Alliance that formed the balance of power for decades. Other partial settlements had already occurred at the Treaty of Paris between France and the Sixth",
"short_answers": [
"Italy"
]
}
|
who played the princess in kingsman secret service
|
[
"Hanna Alström"
] |
[
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test, Ralph Ineson the police",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277424",
"score": "1.1547899",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "in part because of a career-long dream to be in a James Bond movie. As he felt that this was unlikely to come true, he took on the role, stating \"I felt like this was an opportunity to play a really great Bond villain.\" Jackson's character has a notable lisp, which was partially inspired by the stutter he had during his childhood. In September 2013, Vaughn cast Sophie Cookson for the female lead, preferring a newcomer over more obvious candidates like Emma Watson and Bella Heathcote. Mark Hamill was cast as Professor James Arnold, a reference to his character in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277427",
"score": "1.0362852",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Kingsman: The Secret Service Kingsman: The Secret Service is a 2014 action spy comedy film directed and co-produced by Matthew Vaughn. The screenplay, written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman, is based on Dave Gibbons's and Mark Millar's comic book series \"The Secret Service\". The film follows the recruitment and training of Gary \"Eggsy\" Unwin (Taron Egerton), into a secret spy organisation. Eggsy joins a mission to tackle a global threat from Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson), a wealthy megalomaniac. Colin Firth, Mark Strong, and Michael Caine play supporting roles. \"Kingsman: The Secret Service\" premiered at the Butt-Numb-A-Thon festival on 13",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277416",
"score": "1.0303603",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "upcoming sequel. The next day, Channing Tatum announced on his Twitter account that he was joining the cast. Kingsman: The Secret Service Kingsman: The Secret Service is a 2014 action spy comedy film directed and co-produced by Matthew Vaughn. The screenplay, written by Vaughn and Jane Goldman, is based on Dave Gibbons's and Mark Millar's comic book series \"The Secret Service\". The film follows the recruitment and training of Gary \"Eggsy\" Unwin (Taron Egerton), into a secret spy organisation. Eggsy joins a mission to tackle a global threat from Richmond Valentine (Samuel L. Jackson), a wealthy megalomaniac. Colin Firth, Mark",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277444",
"score": "1.0277634",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "On 7 April 2016, Egerton revealed the first poster for the film, which strongly hinted that Firth would return for the film; the poster features Harry Hart's trademark pair of glasses with one of the lenses missing below the tagline (a borrowed quote from Mark Twain) stating \"reports of my death have been greatly exaggerated.\" Sophie Cookson will also reprise her role as Roxy Morton in the sequel. The next day, Deadline reported that Pedro Pascal was in talks for the role of Jack Daniels. On 12 April 2016, Elton John was in talks about joining the cast of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277443",
"score": "1.0071229",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "James's, which provided the hats. While rumours of several celebrity cameo parts were published, including Adele, Elton John, Lady Gaga, and David Beckham, none of these rumours proved to be true. In May 2014, it was reported that Henry Jackman and Matthew Margeson would be composing the music for the film, while in July it was announced that Gary Barlow would be writing the music for the film. Additionally, a song from Take That's seventh studio album \"III\", \"Get Ready for It\", played during the end credits. The film's premiere was held in London on 14 January 2015, with director",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277429",
"score": "0.99078566",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle",
"text": "appears as Guy Clark, one of Poppy's professors at Harvard University. Mark Arnold portrays General McCoy, an advisor to the President of the United States. Björn Granath (in his final film performance) and Lena Endre feature as the King and Queen of Sweden, respectively. Shannon Bream and Bill Hemmer of Fox News appear as themselves. Near the release of \"Kingsman: The Secret Service\", Mark Millar and Matthew Vaughn stated that a sequel would be possible if the first film was to perform well at the box office, and Vaughn expressed interest in returning to direct. Vaughn also noted that he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19440518",
"score": "0.9903962",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "to direct it. Principal photography was set to begin in April 2016, with a 6 October 2017 release date. It was reported that Julianne Moore was in talks to star as the new villain, and Halle Berry might sign on as the Head of the CIA. On 18 March 2016, Edward Holcroft was also confirmed to reprise his role as Charles \"Charlie\" Hesketh. Vaughn later revealed the sequel's title to be \"Kingsman: The Golden Circle\". The plot follows Eggsy and Merlin joining forces with \"Statesman\", their American counterpart after Kingsman was destroyed by the film's villain Poppy, played by Moore.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277442",
"score": "0.9721005",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Vaughn and stars Firth, Egerton, and Strong attending, and Take That performing the film's theme live. A regional premiere was held in Glasgow at exactly the same time as the London event, and live footage was streamed from the premiere to Glasgow. Mark Millar also hosted a charity screening of the film ahead of its release in Glasgow to raise money for his old school, St. Bartholomews. The film opened in the United Kingdom on 29 January 2015. In the United States 20th Century Fox planned to release the film on 14 November 2014, but later delayed it to 6",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277430",
"score": "0.96281135",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test,",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Colin Firth",
"text": "it was announced that Firth had signed to co-star with Emma Stone in Woody Allen's romantic comedy \"Magic in the Moonlight\", set in the 1920s, shot on the French Riviera. In 2014, Firth starred as Harry Hart in the spy action film \"\" which was a commercial success and received generally positive reviews. \"Kingsman: The Secret Service\" earned a gross of $414.4 million, against a budget of $81 million. In June 2015, he was reported to be filming the story of Donald Crowhurst in \"The Mercy\", in which he stars as the yachtsman alongside Rachel Weisz, David Thewlis, and Jonathan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1459289",
"score": "0.9572877",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Golden Circle",
"text": "Kingsman, which acquires a new tailor shop in London. Flashback footage from \"The Secret Service\" includes Samuel L. Jackson and Sofia Boutella as Richmond Valentine and Gazelle, respectively. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs return as Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan, with Thomas Turgoose and Calvin Demba introduced as two of Eggsy's other friends, Liam and Brandon. Furthermore, Samantha Womack makes a brief return appearance as Michelle Unwin, Eggsy's mother. Additionally, Poppy Delevingne portrays Clara Von Gluckfberg, Charlie's ex-girlfriend whom Eggsy meets; Keith Allen and Tom Benedict Knight feature as Charles and Angel, two of Poppy's henchmen, while James Caroll Jordan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19440517",
"score": "0.9404466",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Kingsman (franchise)",
"text": "\"\", directed by Matthew Vaughn and co-written by Jane Goldman, was released in February 2015. The film stars Colin Firth, Taron Egerton, Michael Caine, Samuel L. Jackson, Mark Strong, Sophie Cookson, Sofia Boutella, Jack Davenport, and Mark Hamill. A sequel to this film, subtitled \"\", was released in September 2017. Sequel and prequel films in the series are in development, and the franchise is due to expand to television with an eight-hour limited series. Novelizations of the films have been published, and numerous \"Kingsman\" video games have been released since 2012. The first volume, \"The Secret Service\" (2012), is set",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17985468",
"score": "0.93213415",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "stealing a car, Eggsy calls the number. Hart arranges his release. Hart explains that he is a member of Kingsman, a private intelligence service founded by wealthy British individuals who lost their heirs in World War I. Hart, code name \"Galahad\", explains there is a position available, as agent \"Lancelot\" was killed by the assassin Gazelle while trying to rescue Professor James Arnold from kidnappers. Eggsy becomes Hart's candidate. Other candidates are eliminated through dangerous training tests run by operative \"Merlin\", until only Eggsy and Roxy, a candidate he befriended, are left. Eggsy refuses to complete the final test –",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277419",
"score": "0.9315622",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "currently known as 'Kingsman 3' is slated for a release on 8 November 2019; it has been confirmed Egerton will not be appearing in this film During a mission in the Middle East in 1997, probationary secret agent Lee Unwin sacrifices himself to protect his superior Harry Hart. Hart, blaming himself, returns to London to give Lee's widow Michelle and her young son Gary \"Eggsy\" a medal engraved with an emergency assistance number. Seventeen years later, Eggsy, having dropped out of training for the Royal Marines despite his intelligence and capability, has become a stereotypical chav. After being arrested for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277418",
"score": "0.93044454",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "do it, \"somebody else ... [would] wake up and do a fun spy movie. Then I would have written a bloody screenplay that no one would want to make.\" Colin Firth joined the cast to lead the film on 29 April 2013. It was initially reported in 2013 that Leonardo DiCaprio was in talks to play a villain, although Vaughn himself later denied that he was ever considered, stating that he came as close to playing the role \"as I am to becoming the Pope.\" Instead the role of the villain went to Samuel L. Jackson. Jackson took the role",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277426",
"score": "0.9298518",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "grossed $10.4 million on its first day, $15.4 million on its second day and $10.4 million on its third day, for a weekend gross of $36.2 million (an $11,300 per-cinema average), finishing second at the box office behind \"Fifty Shades of Grey\". During the four-day Presidents Day weekend it grossed $41.8 million. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes sampled 244 critics and judged 75% of the reviews as positive, with an average rating of 6.8/10, calling the film \"Stylish, subversive, and above all fun\". On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277435",
"score": "0.92953825",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "March 2015. It was later moved up to 24 October 2014, before being delayed again to 13 February 2015. The film was released in most of Latin America and Indonesia, with the action scene set in the church removed. The scene, considered vital by the director and film critics, was excised almost completely, leaving only the set-up and immediate consequences. The trade paperback collecting the comics miniseries was released on 14 January 2015. Vaughn teamed up with luxury retailer Mr Porter to create a 60-piece clothing line based on the film. Mr Porter worked with the film's costume designer, Arianne",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277431",
"score": "0.926955",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Emma Peel",
"text": "neophyte professional agent. In real life, Diana Rigg had chosen to leave the series for a number of reasons, one of which was to accept a role in the James Bond film \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" (similarly, her predecessor Honor Blackman departed to appear in the Bond film \"Goldfinger\"). During her first series, Rigg eventually learned that she was making less than the cameraman: afterwards her salary was tripled and combined with her loyalty to Macnee, she was persuaded to come back for 25 additional episodes (including her farewell episode, which was actually shot well into the Tara King",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1900879",
"score": "0.9176192",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Kingsman (franchise)",
"text": "order to save the world. The concept of a \"The Secret Service\" adaptation originated when Mark Millar and Vaughn were at a bar discussing spy movies, lamenting that the genre had become too serious over the years and deciding to do \"a fun one.\" To have the time to make the film, Vaughn had to opt out of directing \"\", which he called \"a really tough decision\". He reasoned that if he did not do it, \"somebody else ... [would] wake up and do a fun spy movie. Then I would have written a bloody screenplay that no one would",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17985479",
"score": "0.9162557",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "On Her Majesty's Secret Service (film)",
"text": "consolidated when Lazenby accidentally punched a professional wrestler, who was acting as stunt coordinator, in the face, impressing Broccoli with his ability to display aggression. Lazenby was offered a contract for seven films; however, he was convinced by his agent Ronan O'Rahilly that the secret agent would be archaic in the liberated 1970s, and as a result he left the series after the release of \"On Her Majesty's Secret Service\" in 1969. For Tracy Draco, the producers wanted an established actress opposite neophyte Lazenby. Brigitte Bardot was invited, but after she signed to appear in \"Shalako\" opposite Sean Connery the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8442622",
"score": "0.91184264",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "has a licence to poke fun. ... no one involved in the production can believe they're getting away with making such a batshit Bond.\" Comparing the film to those of Christopher Nolan, Hoffman said, \"Despite the presence of grandfatherly Michael Caine, Kingsman's tone is about as far from the Christopher Nolan-style superhero film as you can get. Verisimilitude is frequently traded in for a rich laugh\". Peter Bradshaw, writing for \"The Guardian\", called the film \"a smirking spy spoof, weirdly charmless and dated in unintentional ways\", commenting that \"it is a film forever demanding to be congratulated on how \"stylish\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277437",
"score": "0.9098881",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "50 critics, indicating \"mixed or average reviews\". The Movie Review Query Engine (MRQE) rates the film at 63 out of 100, based on 108 film critic reviews. According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of \"B+\" on an A+ to F scale. Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" said of the film, \"This slam-bang action movie about British secret agents is deliriously shaken, not stirred ... Even when it stops making sense, Kingsman is unstoppable fun\". Jordan Hoffman, writing for \"The Guardian\", said of the film, \"The spirit of 007 is all over this movie, but Vaughn's script ...",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277436",
"score": "0.9071275",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Olivia Colman",
"text": "was cast as Queen Elizabeth II in the third and fourth season of the Netflix historical drama series \"The Crown\". Colman's film credits include naturist Joanna Roberts in the 2006 mockumentary film \"Confetti\" – a role she described as \"the worst experience of my life\", Alice in the 2007 comedy \"Grow Your Own\", and PC Doris Thatcher in the 2007 action comedy \"Hot Fuzz\". Colman played a lead role in Paddy Considine's first two films, the short \"Dog Altogether\" (2007), and his feature directorial debut \"Tyrannosaur\" (2011). For her role in the latter, she won the BIFA Award for Best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5072746",
"score": "0.90363157",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Sophie Cookson",
"text": "as Roxy Morton in the sequel to \"The Secret Service\", \"\", while also appearing in a musical short for the song \"Pleader\" by British indie rock group alt-J. On May 1, 2018, she appeared as Johanna of Ghent in the epic historical drama film \"Emperor\". After accusations of fraud against the producer led to his arrest, the film had spent considerable time in development hell and was finally released on the streaming service Hulu. In 2018, she played Dottie, a role which required her to go fully nude, in the Trafalgar Studios production of the play \"Killer Joe\", alongside Orlando",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18352711",
"score": "0.90232235",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Merete Van Kamp",
"text": "Merete Van Kamp Merete Van Kamp born November 17, 1961 in Kolding, Denmark, is an actress, model and singer. Van Kamp's first film role was in the 1983 espionage thriller, \"The Osterman Weekend\", directed by Sam Peckinpah. She played the lead roles of Princess Daisy Valenski and Dannie Valenski that same year in the NBC TV miniseries \"Princess Daisy\", written by Judith Krantz. She was then chosen from 700 hopeful actresses to feature as a major cast member in the TV series \"Dallas\", appearing as Grace in all 17 episodes of the 1985-86 dream season. She has also guest-starred in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7298131",
"score": "0.90226567",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "the source comic book being named \"Mark Hamill\". Principal photography began 6 October 2013 in Deepcut, Surrey, on a budget reported to be one-third of the $200 million budget of \"Skyfall\". The Alexandra Road Estate in Camden was used for Eggsy's home area, and some scenes were filmed at Imperial College London. The Black Prince Pub in Kennington, South London, was used for various fight scenes and the car chase. Savile Row in Mayfair was also employed as a location and the exterior of tailors Huntsman at No. 12, which provided the clothes, and James Lock & Co. in St",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277428",
"score": "0.9000515",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Shirley Steedman",
"text": "Shirley Steedman Shirley Steedman is a Scottish actress, best known as Monica in \"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\" (1969). She also played Princess Alice in \"Edward the Seventh\" (1975), and her mother Queen Victoria in a 1976 television adaptation of \"East Lynne\". She also appeared in other TV movies including \"Jane Eyre\" (1970), \"Jonah and the Whale\" (1975) and \"A Man Called Intrepid\" (1979), as well as TV comedies including an episode of On The Buses - \"The New Telly\" and an episode of Open All Hours. In 1973 she appeared in an episode of Whatever Happened to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13652603",
"score": "0.89393425",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"text": "interviewer after Eggsy's arrest, whereas Corey Johnson starred as a fanatic church leader, and Velibor Topić portrayed the biggest goon in the bar fight scene. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs play Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan. The project originated when Mark Millar and Matthew Vaughn were at a bar discussing spy movies, lamenting that the genre had become too serious over the years and deciding to do \"a fun one.\" To have the time to make the film, Vaughn had to opt out of directing \"\", which he called \"a really tough decision\". He reasoned that if he did not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17277425",
"score": "0.892728",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Shirley Steedman",
"text": "Likely Lads entitled 'Birthday Boy' playing Deborah. She later appeared as Rose Parrish in the 1979 TV series \"Penmarric\". Shirley Steedman Shirley Steedman is a Scottish actress, best known as Monica in \"The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie\" (1969). She also played Princess Alice in \"Edward the Seventh\" (1975), and her mother Queen Victoria in a 1976 television adaptation of \"East Lynne\". She also appeared in other TV movies including \"Jane Eyre\" (1970), \"Jonah and the Whale\" (1975) and \"A Man Called Intrepid\" (1979), as well as TV comedies including an episode of On The Buses - \"The New Telly\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13652604",
"score": "0.8923495",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Kingsman: The Secret Service",
"long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test, Ralph Ineson the police interviewer after Eggsy's arrest, whereas Corey Johnson starred as a fanatic church leader, and Velibor Topić portrayed the biggest goon in the bar fight scene. Tobias Bakare and Theo Barklem-Biggs play Eggsy's friends Jamal and Ryan.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Hanna Alström and Bjørn Floberg appear as Crown Princess Tilde of Sweden, and Swedish Prime Minister Morten Lindström, respectively. Jack Cutmore-Scott portrays Rufus Saville, and Lily Travers portrays Lady Sophie. Jonno Davies played Lee Unwin, Eggsy's father and a former Kingsman candidate who sacrificed himself to save Hart. Nicholas Banks, Nicholas Agnew, Rowan Polonski and Tom Prior portrayed, respectively, Digby Barker, Nathaniel, Piers and Hugo Higins, the other four Kingsman candidates. Fiona Hampton played Amelia, a Kingsman employee who masquerades as a candidate in order to \"die\" during the first test. Richard Brake played the interrogator during the penultimate test,",
"short_answers": [
"Hanna Alström"
]
}
|
when did the three little pigs come out
|
[
"first published in 1890",
"1933",
"c.1886",
"1886"
] |
[
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "Pigs\" (), which follows the three daughters of the pig with the house of stone with new original songs, introducing a completely new story loosely based on the original story. The musical was specially written for the band K3, who play the three little pigs, Pirky, Parky and Porky (). In 2014, Peter Lund let the three little pigs live together in a village in the musical \"Grimm\" with Little Red Riding Hood and other fairy tale characters. The Three Little Pigs The Three Little Pigs is a fable about three pigs who build three houses of different materials. A",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540398",
"score": "1.1181775",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "The Three Little Pigs The Three Little Pigs is a fable about three pigs who build three houses of different materials. A Big Bad Wolf blows down the first two pigs' houses, made of straw and sticks respectively, but is unable to destroy the third pig's house, made of bricks. Printed versions date back to the 1840s, but the story itself is thought to be much older. The phrases used in the story, and the various morals drawn from it, have become embedded in Western culture. Many versions of \"The Three Little Pigs\" have been recreated or have been modified",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540385",
"score": "1.0992137",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!",
"text": "The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! is a children's book by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith. Released in a number of editions since its first release by Harper & Row Publishers in 1989, and re-published the name of Viking in 1993, it is a parody of The Three Little Pigs as told by the Big Bad Wolf, known in the book as \"A. Wolf,\" short for \"Alexander T. Wolf.\" The book was honored by the American Library Association as an ALA Notable Book. This is the story of the 3",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7909213",
"score": "1.0757583",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "cauldron of boiling water, slams the lid on, then cooks and eats him. In some versions, the first and second little pigs are not eaten by the wolf after he demolishes their homes, but instead run to their brother's house, and after the wolf goes down the chimney he either dies like in the original, or runs away and never returns to eat the three little pigs, who all survive in either case. The story uses the literary rule of three, expressed in this case as a \"contrasting three\", as the third pig's brick house turns out to be the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540388",
"score": "1.0742822",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!",
"text": "little pigs from the perspective of Alexander T. Wolf. The wolf is trying to set the story straight of how he came to be \"big and bad\". At the beginning of the book, he is cooking a cake for his grandmother's birthday, but he has run out of sugar. He goes to ask his neighbors, the pigs, for some sugar. They all say no to him, and as a result of a sneeze (due to a cold that he was suffering from), he 'accidentally' blows the first two pigs' houses down. Since they were already dead, he eats them, saying",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7909214",
"score": "1.0429056",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "pigs as jazz musicians who refuse to let the wolf join their band. In 2013, Singaporean artist Casey Chen re-wrote the story with the Singlish accent and published it as \"The Three Little Pigs Lah!\". The storyline largely remains the same, but is set in Singapore and comes with visual hints of the country placed subtly in the illustrations found throughout the book. \"The Three Little Pigs Lah!\" represents an expression of the Singaporean identity, and has received a generally positive response from locals. In 1953, Tex Avery did a Droopy cartoon, \"The Three Little Pups\". In it, the wolf",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540393",
"score": "1.0194745",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (song)",
"text": "preacher from Venice Beach, and the third pig is the son of rock star Pig Nugent with a master's degree in architecture from Harvard University who builds his concrete mansion in Hollywood Hills. The third pig dispatches the Harley-riding Big Bad Wolf by calling in Rambo, who mows the wolf down with a machine gun. The original hand written lyrics to the song, dated 4/24/89 and written on 2 yellow legal pad pages with the title \"The 3 LTL' PIGS...\", showing changes and corrections were sold by Bill Manspeaker in 2012. The song's stop motion claymation music video received regular",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4876302",
"score": "1.01682",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (film)",
"text": "awaits her granddaughter to arrive. The young girl soon does, but also enters the closet with the assistance of her grandmother. Then Fiddler and Fifer Pig alert their brother to the situation. Practical arrives and soon manages to send the Wolf running by placing hot coals and popcorn into his trousers. The short contained several gags but at the time failed to repeat the commercial success of the original. Modern audiences have found it entertaining enough but still inferior to its predecessor. In 1936, a third cartoon starring the three little pigs and the Big Bad Wolf followed, with a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7966771",
"score": "1.0152372",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "The Three Pigs",
"text": "was cancelled for unknown reasons. The Three Pigs The Three Pigs is a children's picture book written and illustrated by David Wiesner. Published in 2001, the book is based on the traditional tale of the \"Three Little Pigs\", though in this story they step out of their own tale and wander into others, depicted in different illustration styles. Wiesner won the 2002 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations, Wiesner's second of three such medals. The story starts with three pigs who decided to build a house. However, two of the three pigs love to play. The other is very responsible and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9600056",
"score": "1.003159",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "a first-person narrative by the wolf, who portrays the entire incident as a misunderstanding; he had gone to the pigs to borrow some sugar, had destroyed their houses in a sneezing fit, ate the first two pigs to not waste food (since they'd died in the house collapse anyway), and was caught attacking the third pig's house after the pig had continually insulted him. The 1992 Green Jellö song, \"Three Little Pigs\" (and its claymation music video) sets the story in Los Angeles. The wolf drives a Harley Davidson motorcycle, the first little pig is an aspiring guitarist, the second",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540395",
"score": "0.99929804",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!",
"text": "the National Education Association named the book one of its \"Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children.\" It was one of the \"Top 100 Picture Books\" of all time in a 2012 poll by \"School Library Journal\". This was later adapted into a Weston Woods Studios animated short in 2008 with Paul Giamatti as the wolf. The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs! is a children's book by Jon Scieszka and Lane Smith. Released in a number of editions since its first release by Harper & Row Publishers in 1989, and re-published",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7909216",
"score": "0.99588096",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Three Pigs",
"text": "The Three Pigs The Three Pigs is a children's picture book written and illustrated by David Wiesner. Published in 2001, the book is based on the traditional tale of the \"Three Little Pigs\", though in this story they step out of their own tale and wander into others, depicted in different illustration styles. Wiesner won the 2002 Caldecott Medal for his illustrations, Wiesner's second of three such medals. The story starts with three pigs who decided to build a house. However, two of the three pigs love to play. The other is very responsible and hardworking. He advised the other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9600053",
"score": "0.9957596",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (film)",
"text": "theme more towards \"The Boy Who Cried Wolf\". This short was entitled \"Three Little Wolves\" and it was so called because it introduced the Big Bad Wolf's three pup sons, all of whom just as eager for a taste of the pigs as their father. One more cartoon short featuring the characters, \"The Practical Pig\", was released in 1939, right at the end of the Silly Symphonies' run. In 1941, much of the film was edited into \"The Thrifty Pig,\" which was distributed by the National Film Board of Canada. Here, Practical Pig builds his house out of Canadian war",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7966772",
"score": "0.9944956",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "is a Southern-accented dog catcher (voiced by Daws Butler) trying to catch Droopy and his brothers, Snoopy and Loopy, to put in the dog pound. Though successfully blowing the first two houses down, he meets his match when he fails to blow down Droopy's house of bricks. The dog catcher makes several failed attempts to destroy the house and catch the pups. His last failed attempt ended with him \"going to television\" where he is playing a cowboy on the TV show the pups were watching. The 1989 parody \"The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!\" is presented as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540394",
"score": "0.9943911",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "is a cannabis smoking, dumpster diving evangelist and the third holds a Master of Architecture degree from Harvard University. In the end, with all three pigs barricaded in the brick house, the third pig calls 9-1-1. John Rambo is dispatched to the scene, and kills the wolf with a machine gun. The 1993 children's book \"The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig\" inverts the cast and makes a few changes to the plot: the wolves build a brick house, then a concrete house, then a steel house, and finally a house of flowers. The pig is unable to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540396",
"score": "0.98894393",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (film)",
"text": "hand, \"has no chance to sing and dance for work and play don't mix,\" focusing on building his strong brick house, but his two brothers poke fun at him. An angry Practical warns them \"You can play and laugh and fiddle. Don't think you can make me sore. I'll be safe and you'll be sorry when the Wolf comes through your door!\" Fifer and Fiddler ignore him and continue to play, singing the now famous song \"Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?\". As they are singing, the Big Bad Wolf really comes by, at which point Fifer and Fiddler",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7966760",
"score": "0.9887234",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (film)",
"text": "to represent the complacency of the Western world in allowing Adolf Hitler to make considerable acquisitions of territory without going to war, and was notably used in Disney animations for the Canadian war effort. The song was further used as the inspiration for the title of the 1963 play \"Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?\" In the United States, the short was first released on VHS, Betamax and Laserdisc in 1984 as part of its \"Cartoon Classics\" Home Video series. It came out on VHS in the UK in spring 1996 as part of the Disney Storybook Favourites series. It made",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7966767",
"score": "0.9873881",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "De 3 Biggetjes (musical)",
"text": "De 3 Biggetjes (musical) The Three Little Pigs (Dutch:De 3 Biggetjes) is a Flemish musical, with music and lyrics by Johan Vanden Eede and Miquel Wiels, based on the fairy-tale and serves as a sequel to it. It tells the story of the three daughters of the pig with the brick house: Knirri (Pirky), Knarri (Parky), and Knorri (Porki), who work as waitresses in their mother's Three Little Pigs Café. Meanwhile, the big bad wolf now has three sons, who are the same age as the three pig sisters. The wolf wants his sons to catch the three pig sisters",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15491585",
"score": "0.9854679",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The True Story of the 3 Little Pigs!",
"text": "that it would be terrible to let a \"perfectly good pork dinner go to waste\". The third pig's house (made of bricks) does not suffer the same fate, but the third pig provokes Mr. Wolf into a fit of sneezing rage because of his insults to the wolf's grandmother. When the police arrive to see Mr. Wolf yelling, sneezing and huffing at the brick house, and the third pig survives. And his poor sweet granny gets no birthday cake. He then tells the reader, \"But maybe you could loan me a cup of sugar\". Based on a 2007 online poll,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7909215",
"score": "0.981001",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "The Three Pigs",
"text": "Then the wolf ate the pig up. \"One by one, the pigs exit the fairy tale's border and set off on an adventure of their own. Folding a page of their own story into a paper airplane, the pigs fly off to visit other storybooks, rescuing about-to-be-slain dragons and luring the cat and the fiddle out of their nursery rhyme.\" In May 2002, it was reported that the book was optioned to Walt Disney Feature Animation, and its development was announced in December 2003 as a 2D/3D animated hybrid film. However, the project was eventually taken off the schedule and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9600055",
"score": "0.97984076",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Unstable Fables",
"text": "on September 9, 2008. The third and final release, \"The Goldilocks and the 3 Bears Show\" (based on \"Goldilocks and the Three Bears\"), was released on December 16, 2008. 3 Pigs and a Baby is the first animated film in the series based on \"Three Little Pigs\". The direct-to-DVD film was released on March 4, 2008 and stars Jon Cryer, Brad Garrett, Steve Zahn and Jesse McCartney. The Three Little Pigs become the target of a special-ops team of wolves. The wolves' plan to finally infiltrate the impenetrable house of bricks by leaving a tiny wolf cub on the unassuming",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11676689",
"score": "0.9786112",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig",
"text": "The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig The Three Little Wolves and the Big Bad Pig is a children's picture book written by Eugene Trivizas (Evgenios Trivizas), illustrated by Helen Oxenbury, and first published by Heinemann in 1993. The story is a comically inverted version of the classic \"Three Little Pigs\", a traditional fable published in the 19th century. Oxenbury was highly commended runner-up for the annual Kate Greenaway Medal from the Library Association, recognising the year's best children's book illustration by a British subject. The \"Highly Commended\" distinction was used 31 times in 29 years to 2002,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6900163",
"score": "0.97858655",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and the second little pig is also devoured. Each exchange between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases, namely: The third little pig builds a house of bricks. The wolf fails to blow down the house. He then attempts to trick the pig out of the house by asking to meet him at various places, but he is outwitted each time. Finally, the wolf resolves to come down the chimney, whereupon the pig catches the wolf in a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540387",
"score": "0.97812045",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Three Little Wolves (film)",
"text": "Three Little Wolves (film) Three Little Wolves is a \"Silly Symphony\" cartoon. Released on April 18, 1936, and directed by Dave Hand. It was the third \"Silly Symphony\" cartoon starring the Three Little Pigs. It introduces the Big Bad Wolf's sons, the Three Little Wolves, all of whom just as eager for a taste of the pigs as their father. The short opens with the Wolf describing to his sons the edible parts of a pig, pointing them out on diagrams in a version of the Schnitzelbank song. The cubs, after pelting their father with stones shot from slingshots just",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9116771",
"score": "0.9779568",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"text": "their houses blown down, but escape from the wolf. Also, the wolf is not boiled to death but simply burns his behind and runs away. Three sequels soon followed in 1934, 1936 and 1939 respectively as a result of the short's popularity. Fifer Pig, Fiddler Pig, Practical Pig and the Big Bad Wolf appeared in the 2001 series \"Disney's House of Mouse\" in many episodes, and again in \"\". The three pigs can be seen in Walt Disney Parks and Resorts as greetable characters. In 1942, there was a Merrie Melodies version, \"Pigs in a Polka\", which was a serious",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "540391",
"score": "0.97642255",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Three Little Wolves (film)",
"text": "and Fiddler, however, the Big Bad Wolf and his three sons are stalking them. The Wolf dresses in drag, this time as Little Bo Peep and sadly tells the pigs that he/she lost his/her sheep and doesn't know where to find them. Then the pigs discover the \"sheep\" (the Wolf's three sons in disguise) and the Wolf and his sons, still in disguise, run home to their cave, and the pigs follow. The Wolf then locks the door and swallows the key. At first, the pigs embarrassedly think that \"Bo Peep\" has romantic intentions (a rather unusual scene; \"Why, Bo",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9116774",
"score": "0.9757155",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Practical Pig",
"text": "the lie detector is able to detect this as a lie, and the Wolf ends up getting the works, with his mouth washed out, his butt being spanked, and his knuckles being whacked with rulers. Back at the wolves' hideout, the Three Little Wolves are about to bake Fifer and Fiddler in the finished pork pie. The pigs remind the wolf boys about their father's warning and tell them they will be sorry when the Wolf returns, but they sarcastically concur with this and laugh. One of the wolves, though, realizes that they forgot to add pepper and sprinkles some",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8765355",
"score": "0.97496176",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Three Little Pigs (film)",
"text": "reveal they are in fact very afraid of the wolf. Fifer and Fiddler each retreat to their respective houses; the Wolf first blows Fifer's house down (except for the roof) with little resistance. Fifer manages to escape and hides at Fiddler's house. The wolf pretends to give up and go home, but returns disguised as an innocent sheep. The pigs see through the disguise (\"Not by the hair of our chinny-chin-chin! You can't fool us with that old sheep skin!\"), whereupon the Wolf blows Fiddler's house down (except for the door). The two pigs manage to escape and hide at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7966761",
"score": "0.9743126",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Anthony Drewe",
"text": "of Wichita, Kansas in July 2013. A UK tour of ran from March–August 2014. The show was premiered at a sold-out concert performance at the Queen's Theatre in October 2011 in aid of The Teenage Cancer Trust. A full staged production opened at the Soho Theatre in the summer of 2012. Further productions have been staged in Dallas, Texas, at the Arts Educational School, London, University of Cumbria, University of West England, and it will open in 2015 in Belgium. The Three Little Pigs was commissioned by the Singapore Repertory Theatre for their Little Company and forms the first in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11095175",
"score": "0.97418046",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "The Three Little Pigs",
"long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and the second little pig is also devoured. Each exchange between wolf and pig features ringing proverbial phrases, namely:",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Three Little Pigs was included in The Nursery Rhymes of England (London and New York, c.1886), by James Halliwell-Phillipps. The story in its arguably best-known form appeared in English Fairy Tales by Joseph Jacobs, first published in 1890 and crediting Halliwell as his source. The story begins with the title characters being sent out into the world by their mother, to \"seek out their fortune\". The first little pig builds a house of straw, but a wolf blows it down and devours him. The second little pig builds a house of sticks, which the wolf also blows down, and",
"short_answers": [
"1886",
"c.1886",
"first published in 1890"
]
}
|
who is the first president to be impeached
|
[
"Andrew Johnson",
"Johnson"
] |
[
{
"title": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez",
"text": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez The Philippine Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez was impeached by the House of Representatives on charges of the office's alleged underperformance and failure to act on several cases during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. She became the second official after President Joseph Estrada in 2000 to be impeached. While the first impeachment complaint against her was filed in 2009, it was dismissed later in that year in a 14th Congress dominated by Arroyo's Lakas Kampi CMD party. In 2010, with the election of Benigno Aquino III of the Liberal Party as president and the concurrent elections to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15420083",
"score": "1.0746912",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Efforts to impeach Donald Trump",
"text": "has obstructed justice and in so doing, the remedy for obstruction of justice is impeachment. The president will not be indicted while he is in office, and while there is some merit in talking about the judicial process, the impeachment process is the one that will bring him before the bar of justice.\" Former United States Attorney Preet Bharara said in a June 11 interview with ABC News that \"there's absolutely evidence to begin a case\" regarding obstruction of justice by Trump. Bharara went on to note: \"No one knows right now whether there is a provable case of obstruction.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19906060",
"score": "1.0600727",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Presidency",
"text": "United States is quite different from that of France. The president of France is granted what is called the power of immunity throughout their term as the president. This power of immunity states that the president cannot be prosecuted or requested to testify before any jurisdiction. However, they may still be impeached only by the High Court. The High Court is a court conveyed by both houses of Parliament. In the United States, the impeachment process begins in the House of Representatives, where the president is first accused of committing either bribery, treason, or other high crimes including misdemeanors. If",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1610510",
"score": "1.0575696",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Politics of South Korea",
"text": "the executive power of then president Roh Moo-hyun was suspended when the Assembly voted to impeach him and Prime Minister Goh Kun became an Acting President. On 14 May 2004, the Constitutional Court overturned the impeachment decision made by the Assembly and Roh was reinstated. On 10 March 2017, Park Geun-hye became the first president to be removed by the Constitutional Court after impeachment by the National Assembly. Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn temporarily served as an acting president between the suspension of Park since 9 December 2016 until the next presidential election, which was held in May 2017. On 9",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "357240",
"score": "1.0558747",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "History of South Korea",
"text": "President, Park Chung-hee. She was the first woman to be elected South Korean president, but was impeached in December 2016, because a of series of scandals which led to her impeachment. She was the first woman to be elected as a head of state in the modern history of Northeast Asia. However, after a corruption scandal involving Choi Soon-sil quickly blew up after reports from multiple news organizations (the most notable of which was JTBC) in 2016, nationwide protests ensued on a weekly basis, with participant count hitting a maximum of over 2.3 million (as reported by the protesters). These",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "357178",
"score": "1.0504498",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Renato Corona",
"text": "Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile; Ponce Enrile was sworn in by Antonio Trillanes, the youngest senator. The next day, the impeachment court served summons to Corona, who was received by the Supreme Court. Four days later, Vicente Millora, a former president of the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP), filed a petition at the Supreme Court questioning the constitutionality of the pending trial, asking for a temporary restraining order (TRO), and to declare the articles of impeachment null and void. Millora contended that the impeachment case did not go through constitutional means as it was passed \"undue haste, railroaded, fast-tracked,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16215018",
"score": "1.0473202",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Renato Corona",
"text": "Impeachment of Renato Corona Renato Corona, the 23rd Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines, was impeached on December 12, 2011. Corona was the third official, after former President Joseph Estrada in 2000 and Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez in March 2011, to be impeached by the House of Representatives. The Senate, convened as an impeachment court, began the trial on January 16, 2012. This was the second impeachment trial in the history of the Philippines, as Gutierrez had resigned prior to the start of her trial. On May 29, 2012, Corona was found guilty of Article II of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16215007",
"score": "1.0418785",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Impeachment",
"text": "of any member of the Princely House who exercises the function of head of state should the Prince be temporarily prevented or in preparation for the Succession. In the Republic of Lithuania, the President may be impeached by a three-fifths majority in the Seimas. President Rolandas Paksas was removed from office by impeachment on April 6, 2004 after the Constitutional Court of Lithuania found him guilty of having violated his oath and the constitution. He was the first European head of state to have been impeached. Members of government, representatives of the national assembly (Stortinget) and Supreme Court judges can",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "201587",
"score": "1.0399332",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "President of India",
"text": "also approves the charges made by special majority again, the president stands impeached and is deemed to have vacated their office from the date when such a resolution stands passed. No president has faced impeachment proceedings so the above provisions have never been used. Under of the constitution, though the president cannot be summoned for questioning except on his voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of his controversial deeds, the unconstitutional decisions taken by the president would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1268006",
"score": "1.0366377",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"text": "The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Park Geun-hye",
"text": "East Asia. In 2014, she was ranked 46th on the \"Forbes\" list of the world's most powerful people, the third-highest South Korean on the list, after Lee Kun-hee and Lee Jae-yong. On 9 December 2016, Park was impeached by the National Assembly on charges related to influence peddling by her top aide, Choi Soon-sil. Her presidential powers and duties were suspended with the ratification of the impeachment. Then–Prime Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn thus assumed those powers and duties as Acting President. The impeachment was upheld by the Constitutional Court via a unanimous 8–0 ruling on 10 March 2017, thereby removing Park",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5688964",
"score": "1.0290891",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Impeachment",
"text": "that the President is guilty then the President loses his office and the ability to be elected President of the Czech Republic ever again. No Czech president has ever been impeached, though, members of the Senate sought to impeach President Vaclav Klaus in 2013. This case was dismissed by the court reasoning that his mandate has expired. In 2013 the constitution changed; now the process can be started by at least three-fifths of present senators and must be approved by at least three-fifths of all members of Parliament. Also, the President can be impeached not only for high treason (newly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "201577",
"score": "1.0265226",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Bill Clinton",
"text": "Impeachment of Bill Clinton The impeachment of Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, was initiated in December 1998 by the House of Representatives and led to a trial in the Senate on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of justice. These charges stemmed from a sexual harassment lawsuit filed against Clinton by Paula Jones. Clinton was subsequently acquitted of these charges by the Senate on February 12, 1999. Two other impeachment articles – a second perjury charge and a charge of abuse of power – failed in the House. Leading to the impeachment, Independent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4297201",
"score": "1.0259933",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Park Geun-hye",
"text": "Impeachment of Park Geun-hye The impeachment of Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea, was the culmination of a political scandal involving interventions to the presidency from her aide. The impeachment vote took place on 9 December 2016, with 234 members of the 300-member National Assembly voting in favour of the impeachment and temporary suspension of Park Geun-hye's presidential powers and duties. Thus, Hwang Kyo-ahn, then Prime Minister of South Korea, became Acting President while the Constitutional Court of Korea was due to determine whether to accept the impeachment. The court upheld the impeachment in a unanimous 8–0 decision on 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19871862",
"score": "1.0239482",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Impeachment in the Philippines",
"text": "impeached on March 22, 2011 on charges of the office's underperformance and failure to act on several cases during then-President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo's administration. The first impeachment complaint against Gutierrez was filed in 2009, but was dismissed later in that year in a House dominated by Arroyo's Lakas Kampi CMD party. In December 2011, 188 of the 285 members of the House of Representatives voted to transmit the 56-page Articles of Impeachment against Supreme Court Chief Justice Renato Corona. Commission on Elections Chairman Andres D. Bautista had filed a resignation on October 11, 2017 but with effectivity date on December",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8153791",
"score": "1.0239439",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Dilma Rousseff",
"text": "present the impeachment petition to the Senate, and did so on 18 April 2016. A Senate special committee concluded in a report that the accusation justified an impeachment trial and recommended an impeachment trial. On 12 May 2016, the Senate began the judicial process of impeachment. Rousseff was notified and under the Constitution of Brazil automatically suspended from the presidency pending a final decision of the Senate. Vice President Michel Temer assumed her powers and duties as Acting President of Brazil during the suspension. On 31 August 2016, the Senate, sitting as a judicial body, voted 61–20 in favor of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9151616",
"score": "1.0221109",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Impeachment March",
"text": "Impeachment March The Impeachment March, sometimes referred to as the \"Impeach Trump\" protest, was a series of rallies against the President of the United States, Donald Trump, held nationwide on July 2–4, 2017, advocating that Congress begin the impeachment process against him. Events took place in more than 30 cities throughout the United States. Organizers accused President Trump of violating the United States Constitution, specifically the Foreign Emoluments Clause and the Domestic Emoluments Clause, and claimed he committed obstruction of justice by dismissing Sally Yates and James Comey. They also cited Trump's alleged interference with the Federal Bureau of Investigation's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20236068",
"score": "1.0164001",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff",
"text": "Impeachment of Dilma Rousseff The impeachment of Dilma Rousseff, the 36th President of Brazil, began on 2 December 2015 with a petition for her impeachment being accepted by Eduardo Cunha, then president of the Chamber of Deputies, and continued into late 2016. Rousseff, then more than 12 months into her second four-year term, was charged with criminal administrative misconduct and disregard for the federal budget in violation of article 85, items V and VI of the Constitution of Brazil and the , article 36. The petition also accused Rousseff of criminal responsibility for failing to act on the scandal at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19430668",
"score": "1.0152975",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Impeachment",
"text": "and removed by the Federal Senate. Upon conviction, the officeholder has his political rights revoked for eight years—which has the effect of barring him from running for any office. Fernando Collor de Mello, the 32nd President of Brazil, resigned in 1992 amidst impeachment proceedings. Despite his resignation, the Senate nonetheless voted to convict him and bar him from holding any office for eight years, due to evidence of bribery and misappropriation. In 2016, the Chamber of Deputies initiated an impeachment case against President Dilma Rousseff on allegations of budgetary mismanagement. Following her conviction, she was replaced by Vice President Michel",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "201573",
"score": "1.0145316",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Václav Klaus",
"text": "Impeachment of Václav Klaus The impeachment of Václav Klaus refers to a failed attempt by members of the Czech Senate to impeach the President of the Czech Republic, Václav Klaus. The case was eventually dismissed by the court on the grounds that his mandate had already expired. The President of the Czech Republic can only be impeached in the case of an act of treason (which is not defined in the constitution itself). The process must be initiated in the Senate, which has the exclusive power to impeach the president, and then passes to the Constitutional Court, which determines whether",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20581011",
"score": "1.0125725",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Impeachment",
"text": "(Majlis) and the Supreme Leader. A new presidential election is then triggered. Abolhassan Banisadr, Iran's first president, was impeached in June 1981 and removed from the office. Mohammad-Ali Rajai was elected as the new president. Cabinet ministers can be impeached by the members of the Assembly. Presidential appointment of a new minister is subject to a parliamentary vote of confidence. Impeachment of ministers has been a fairly commonly used tactic in the power struggle between the president and the assembly during the last several governments. In the Republic of Ireland formal impeachment only applies to the Irish president. Article 12",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "201582",
"score": "1.0119971",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "President of France",
"text": "where impeachment is moved against him. Impeachment can be pronounced by the Republican High Court, a special court convened from both houses of Parliament on the proposal of either House, should the president have failed to discharge his duties in a way that evidently precludes the continuation of his term. Upon the death, removal, or resignation of the President, the President of the Senate takes over as acting president. Alain Poher is the only person to have served in this temporary position, and has done so twice: the first time in 1969 after Charles de Gaulle's resignation and a second",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "335682",
"score": "1.0119785",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "First impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski",
"text": "First impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski The first impeachment process against Pedro Pablo Kuczynski, then the incumbent President of Peru since 2016, was initiated by the Congress of Peru on 15 December 2017. According to Luis Galarreta, the President of the Congress, the whole process of impeachment could have taken as little as a week to complete. The impeachment request was rejected by the congress on 21 December 2017, for failing to obtain sufficient votes for the deposition. Kuczynski would go on to abruptly resign on 21 March 2018, after videos showing evidence of vote-buying to keep him in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20493224",
"score": "1.0102007",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Ameenah Gurib",
"text": "Head of State following Queen Elizabeth II and Monique Ohsan Bellepeau, who acted as President in 2012 following the resignation of President Anerood Jugnauth, and again in 2015 following the resignation of President Kailash Purryag. She is the only president who violated the constitution by not following Section 64 which required the advice of the cabinet before the institution of a commission of inquiry. She is also the only president who faced being impeached by both government and opposition in parliament. Since 2017, Gurib-Fakim was subjected to criticism due to her closeness with Álvaro Sobrinho, a controversial Angolan businessman. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18814732",
"score": "1.0091089",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Impeachment in the United States",
"text": "he resigned from office before the full House voted on the articles of impeachment. To date, no president has been removed from office by impeachment and conviction. Impeachment proceedings may be commenced by a member of the House of Representatives on his or her own initiative, either by presenting a list of the charges under oath or by asking for referral to the appropriate committee. The impeachment process may be initiated by non-members. For example, when the Judicial Conference of the United States suggests a federal judge be impeached, a charge of actions constituting grounds for impeachment may come from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4989283",
"score": "1.006937",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Park Geun-hye",
"text": "charges of bribery, abuse of power, coercion, and leaking government secrets on 31 March. After Park's removal from office, Prime Minister Hwang remained as Acting President until a new presidential election took place on 9 May 2017 in which Moon Jae-in was elected as the 12th president of South Korea. Impeachment of Park Geun-hye The impeachment of Park Geun-hye, President of South Korea, was the culmination of a political scandal involving interventions to the presidency from her aide. The impeachment vote took place on 9 December 2016, with 234 members of the 300-member National Assembly voting in favour of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19871880",
"score": "1.0059325",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Articles of impeachment",
"text": "can be impeached if they have committed a high misdemeanor, a felony, or treason. An impeachment trial is carried out in the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presiding if the impeachment involves the President. Impeachment can expand beyond senior members of the White House. A Supreme Court of the United States Justice may be impeached for committing a high misdemeanor, treason, or a felony. Impeachment charges must be drafted in the House of Representatives. The trial for the person undergoing such occurs in the Senate, requiring 60 votes or more of 100 senators to successfully impeach",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5629221",
"score": "1.0059049",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Harry E. Claiborne",
"text": "the U.S. House and the first to be impeached on a unanimous roll-call vote. While his impeachment was historic, the debate and final action on July 22 was anticlimactic. No one really doubted that Claiborne would be impeached or that it would be unanimous. On August 6, 1986 the U.S. House presented articles of impeachment to the U.S. Senate. Hamilton Fish IV, R-N.Y., the ranking Republican on the House Judiciary Committee, expressed his position saying, \"Judge Claiborne is more than a mere embarrassment. He is a disgrace — an affront — to the judicial office and the judicial branch he",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3875485",
"score": "1.0054963",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez",
"text": "With her resignation, the senate canceled the impeachment trial. The senators thanked the ombudsman for \"sparing\" the country from a \"tedious, divisive, and painful\" impeachment process; Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile thanked her as the senate can now concentrate on legislative matters. Impeachment of Merceditas Gutierrez The Philippine Ombudsman Merceditas Gutierrez was impeached by the House of Representatives on charges of the office's alleged underperformance and failure to act on several cases during the presidency of Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo. She became the second official after President Joseph Estrada in 2000 to be impeached. While the first impeachment complaint against her was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15420111",
"score": "1.0054651",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Impeachment in the Philippines",
"text": "impeachment to the Senate for trial. The impeachment trial started on December 7, 2000, which was presided by then-Chief Justice Hilario Davide, Jr. but was aborted on January 16, 2001 after the House private prosecutors walked out from the impeachment proceedings, to protest against the perceived dictatorial tendency of the eleven senator-judges, who supported President Estrada. The walkout led to Second EDSA Revolution and the downfall of President Estrada. President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo was accused in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 impeachment complaints for different imputations, specially attempting lying, cheating and stealing during 2004 presidential election against opposition candidate Fernando",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8153788",
"score": "1.0046142",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
}
] |
{
"title": "Impeachment of Andrew Johnson",
"long_answer": "This was the first impeachment of a President since creation of the office in 1789. The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The culmination of a lengthy political battle between Johnson, a lifelong Democrat and the Republican majority in Congress over how best to deal with the defeated Southern states following the conclusion of the American Civil War, the impeachment, and the subsequent trial (and acquittal) of Johnson were among the most dramatic events in the political life of the nation during the Reconstruction Era. Together, they have gained a historical reputation as an act of political expedience, rather than necessity, which was based on Johnson's defiance of an unconstitutional piece of legislation, and which was conducted with little regard for the will of a general public which, despite the unpopularity of Johnson, opposed the impeachment.",
"short_answers": [
"Johnson"
]
}
|
what kind of beer is st pauli girl
|
[
"Special Dark",
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage"
] |
[
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"text": "St Pauli Girl website claims that their beer is the number two selling German beer in the United States. Since 1982, St. Pauli Girl Beer has chosen a model to represent the beer brand nationally each year and appear on the popular St. Pauli Girl poster. St. Pauli Girl St. Pauli Girl :beers are brewed and bottled by the St. Pauli Brauerei, which is located within the Beck's brewery in Bremen, Germany. The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former in Bremen.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6886301",
"score": "1.2265925",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"text": "brew all of their beers according to the Reinheitsgebot (German purity law) of 1516, even though they use culture yeast as an ingredient, which is not allowed by the 1516 law. The distinctive label depicting a woman wearing traditional outfits was introduced in the 19th century with the advent of the bottled beer. The local artist commissioned for the label drew his inspiration from the waitresses at the time. St Pauli Girl's Beers were first introduced into select US markets in 1965. National Distribution began in 1975. St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic was first sold in the United States in 1991. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6886300",
"score": "1.1890236",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli",
"text": "in St. Pauli. A prominent symbol is its football club, FC St. Pauli and the Millerntor-Stadion. The club played host to the inaugural FIFI Wild Cup in May–June 2006. In 2010, FC St. Pauli celebrated its centenary. For the jubilee the fan club \"18auf12\" recorded a song: \"One Hundred Beers\" (Words and music by Henning Knorr & Christoph Brüx). St. Pauli has a long tradition as a recreation and amusement centre. The big port of Hamburg led many sailors to Hamburg who preferred to spend their spare time (while their ships were unloaded and loaded again) in this area. Since",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2828602",
"score": "0.97692055",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery",
"text": "Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery (Bavaria - St. Pauli - Brauerei AG) was a German brewery founded in 1922 from the merger of Bavaria Brauerei AG (founded 1897) and St. Pauli Actien-Brauerei (founded 1862) in Hamburg. Its brands are now brewed by Holsten. Founded in 1922 from the merger of two older breweries, Bavaria - St. Pauli bought up a dozen North German breweries until Brau und Brunnen bought the brewery in 1994, merging it with Elbschloss-Brauerei GmbH. In January 1998 the city of Hamburg bought the brewery as it was under threat of closure.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6368455",
"score": "0.96687376",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli",
"text": "Midnight\") from the movie \"Große Freiheit Nr. 7\". The square of Hans-Albers-Platz near Reeperbahn was named after him. The district is referenced in the song \"St Pauli\" by Art Brut, which also contains the lyrics \"Punk rock ist nicht tot\" (\"punk rock is not dead\"). The Swedish post-industrial rock band Sällskapet's song Nordlicht talks about a pub in the area. The song contains detailed instructions supposedly leading to the location of the pub. \"The Guardian\" counted St. Pauli to the five best places to live in the world. Important voluntary/cultural organisations in St. Pauli are: The Federal Maritime and Hydrographic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2828604",
"score": "0.93421495",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery",
"text": "In December 1998 Hamburg sold the brewery on to Holsten, the city's other major brewer, who closed the brewery in 2003. In 2004 Holsten was in turn bought by Carlsberg. The former Bavaria-St. Pauli brewery building has since been demolished. Astra is the brand name of a series of pale lagers, including: Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery Bavaria – St. Pauli Brewery (Bavaria - St. Pauli - Brauerei AG) was a German brewery founded in 1922 from the merger of Bavaria Brauerei AG (founded 1897) and St. Pauli Actien-Brauerei (founded 1862) in Hamburg. Its brands are now brewed by Holsten.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6368456",
"score": "0.92026794",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "FC St. Pauli",
"text": "a Bit Complicated\". In 2010, FC St. Pauli celebrated its 100th anniversary. For the occasion, the fan club 18auf12 recorded the song \"Happy Birthday St.Pauli, One Hundred Beers for You\", with words and music by Henning Knorr and Christoph Brüx. The Canadian punk rock band The Pagans of Northumberland recorded a song in 2014 called simply \"St Pauli\" for their first 7-inch detailing their love of the club and its supporters around the world. In January 2017, FC St. Pauli announced an extensive co-operation with Irish-American Celtic punk band Dropkick Murphys. The co-operation includes a strictly limited seven-inch picture disc",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3547573",
"score": "0.9169288",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli",
"text": "St. Pauli St. Pauli (Sankt Pauli; ) is a quarter of the city of Hamburg belonging to the centrally located Hamburg-Mitte borough. Situated on the right bank of the Elbe river, the nearby Landungsbrücken is a northern part of the port of Hamburg. St. Pauli contains a world-famous red light district around the iconic Reeperbahn area. As of 2016 the area had 22,595 residents. At the beginning of the 17th century it developed as a suburb called 'Hamburger Berg' (Hamburg mountain) outside the gates of the nearby city of Hamburg and close to the city of Altona. The name comes",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2828596",
"score": "0.8924355",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Harbor Girls Hamburg",
"text": "Harbor Girls Hamburg St. Pauli Roller Derby is a flat track roller derby league based in Hamburg in Germany. It consists of two trip teams, an A team and a B team, which compete against teams from other leagues. They are called \"Harbor Girls A\" and \"Harbor Girls B\" respectively. St. Pauli Roller Derby is the follow-up club to the Harbor Girls e.V., which was an independent roller derby club before it became part of FC St. Pauli and changed its name. The Harbor Girls were founded by Spooky Spiky and Killing Zoe, the former had previously skated with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16757786",
"score": "0.891904",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"text": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "FC St. Pauli",
"text": "FC St. Pauli Fußball-Club St Pauli von 1910 e.V., commonly known as simply FC St Pauli, is a German sports club based in the St. Pauli quarter of Hamburg. The football department is part of a larger sports club that also has departments in rugby (FC St. Pauli Rugby), baseball, bowling, boxing (FC St. Pauli Boxen), chess, cycling, handball, roller derby (Harbour Girls Hamburg), skittles, softball and table tennis and since 2011 Marathon. Until the end of 2013, the club also had a department in American football, but it was dissolved because it lacked the youth team required in order",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3547550",
"score": "0.8895084",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "FC St. Pauli Rugby",
"text": "FC St. Pauli Rugby The FC St. Pauli Rugby is a German rugby union from Hamburg, currently playing in the Rugby-Bundesliga. The team is part of the multi-sport club FC St. Pauli, which also offers other sports like Association football, American football and Baseball. While the men's team has had limited success over the years, St. Pauli's women are one of the most successful teams in Germany, having reached every championship final from 1995 to 2008 and winning eight out of the fourteen. St Pauli 's rugby department was formed in 1933 when two Jewish brothers were forced to leave",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14452216",
"score": "0.88521373",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Exi (subculture)",
"text": "an ally and NATO member. Before the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany (i.e. West Germany) in 1949, the British forces had actually governed their sector. In any case, the St Pauli district was a place for sailors to relax and artisans to experiment with new ideas, long before the Reeperbahn became internationally famous. In addition, \"Hamburgers\" have always had some sense of being different from other Germans and the area around the Grosse Freiheit, originally just outside the city boundary, was where people were allowed to \"do their own thing\", in various ways (but primarily when it came",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4607837",
"score": "0.88266",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Beer in Germany",
"text": "be taller than a pint glass, and generally holds 500 millilitres with room for foam or \"head\". In some countries, such as Belgium, the glass may be 250 ml or 330 ml. Wheat beers tend to foam a lot, especially if poured incorrectly. A customary manner is to swirl around a bit of (preferably cold) water in the glass to wet it and afterwards pouring the beer slowly, holding the glass in an angle of approximately 45 °. A beer stein (or simply a stein ) is an English neologism for a traditional type of beer mug. Steins may be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4924252",
"score": "0.88155603",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Dortmund",
"text": "Popular and traditionally beer brands are Dortmunder Actien Brauerei, Bergmann Bier, Kronen, Union, Brinkhoff's, Dortmunder Hansa, Hövels, Ritter, Thier and Stifts. \"Stösschen\" is a beer in a small glass \"Stösschen\" 0.2 litres and can be drunk in about two draughts. The idea of a Stößchen came about in the 19th century when people would have to wait at the level crossing to cross the Nordstadt Railway Line that divided the city centre from the Nordstadt district. A local innkeeper saw the potential of serving quick drinks to people waiting, and a Dortmund tradition began. The Dortmunder Tropfen Schnaps is a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1324983",
"score": "0.8773508",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Homesick for St. Pauli",
"text": "Homesick for St. Pauli Homesick for St. Pauli (German: Heimweh nach St. Pauli) is a 1963 German drama film directed by Werner Jacobs and starring Freddy Quinn, Josef Albrecht and Ullrich Haupt. Heinz Pehlke was the cinematographer. It was based on a musical by Lotar Olias and Gustav Kampendonk. A German singer who has enjoyed massive success in the United States, returns to his hometown, the St. Pauli district of Hamburg. The film was one of the many foreign films that Jayne Mansfield made in the 1960s, after becoming a star in the late 1950s in films like: \"The Girl",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14926705",
"score": "0.87618595",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "FC St. Pauli",
"text": "Millerntor-Stadion in response to fans' protests over the adverts' sexist depictions of women. In 2011, the club banned lap dancers from performing during match before guests at a corporate suite, following fans' complaints. The suite belonged to local lap dance club \"Susies Show Bar\". St. Pauli is also a worldwide symbol for punk and related subcultures. The skull and crossbones logo and the team's brown and white football jerseys have often been worn by international artists such as the bands Asian Dub Foundation, Gaslight Anthem and Panteon Rococo. The KMFDM frontman and Hamburg native Sascha Konietzko is a recognisable St.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3547569",
"score": "0.8749145",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Wheat beer",
"text": "often added before drinking. Leipziger Gose is similar to Berliner Weiße but slightly stronger at around 4% ABV. Its ingredients include coriander and salt, which are unusual for German beers. Belgian Lambic is also made with wheat and barley, but differs from nearly all beers in the use of wild yeast for spontaneous fermentation. A variation on the barley wine style involves adding a large quantity of wheat to the mash bill, resulting in what is referred to as wheat wine. This style originated in the United States in the 1980s. Wheat beers vary in name according to the place",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1480761",
"score": "0.8744955",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli Piers",
"text": "St. Pauli Piers The St. Pauli Piers (, often only referred to as \"Landungsbrücken\"; ), are the largest landing place in the Port of Hamburg, Germany, and also one of Hamburg's major tourist attractions. Other English language translations include St. Pauli Landing Stages or St. Pauli Landing Bridges. The piers are located in the St. Pauli area of Hamburg, between the lower harbour and the \"Fischmarkt\" (Fish Market), on the banks of the Elbe river. The \"Landungsbrücken\" today form a central transportation hub, with S-Bahn, U-Bahn and ferry stations, and are also a major tourist magnet with numerous restaurants and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10003280",
"score": "0.86958206",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "FC St. Pauli",
"text": "female counterpart, reaching the German final only once, in 1964. In 2008–09, St. Pauli was the only club to have a team in both the rugby and football 2nd Bundesliga. In 2008–09, the men's team finished fourth in the second division. The women's team have won the German rugby union championship eight times (1995, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005–08) and the sevens championship 3 times (2000, 2001 and 2002). Several of their players play in the national squad. St. Pauli has a blind football team which plays in the Blindenfussball Bundesliga. FC St. Pauli Fußball-Club St Pauli von 1910 e.V., commonly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3547582",
"score": "0.86661893",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Beer in Germany",
"text": "served 7.3 million liters of beer. Other festivals include In many cases, the beer festival is part of a general funfair or volksfest. Beer in Germany Beer is a major part of German culture. German beer is brewed according to the \"Reinheitsgebot\", which permits only water, hops, and malt as ingredients and stipulates that beers not exclusively using barley-malt such as wheat beer must be top-fermented. In 2012, Germany ranked third in Europe in terms of per-capita beer consumption, behind the Czech Republic and Austria. The \"Reinheitsgebot\" (\"purity decree\"), sometimes called the \"German Beer Purity Law\" or the \"Bavarian Purity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4924259",
"score": "0.86547935",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Jacob Schmidt Brewing Company",
"text": "has been converted into lofts and is available for rental. While renovation on the main brewery building is yet to be completed Dominium has removed the landmark sign and has stated it plans to replace the old flashing Schmidt's sign that once lit the West St. Paul night sky. On the evening of Saturday, June 21, 2014, as a focal point for the first annual German Fest, held on the grounds of the old Schmidt Brewery, the new Schmidt sign on top of the brewery was relighted for the first time. Several thousand people were in attendance for the event.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17804223",
"score": "0.8613148",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Beer in Germany",
"text": "While the beer market is weaker but more centralized in northern Germany, southern Germany has many smaller, local breweries. Almost half of all German breweries are in Bavaria, where the seven main breweries produce 158 million gallons . In total, there are approximately 1,300 breweries in Germany producing over 5,000 brands of beer. The highest density of breweries in the world is found in Aufseß near the city of Bamberg, in the Franconia region of Bavaria with four breweries and only 1,352 citizens. The Benedictine abbey Weihenstephan brewery (established in 725) is reputedly the oldest existing brewery in the world",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4924250",
"score": "0.8571341",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Wheat beer",
"text": "aroma are typically low. The ester and phenolic aspects are produced by the special type of yeast, rather than the high fraction of wheat in the grain bill. The carbonation level can range from 5.5 grams per liter (approximately 2.7 volumes; slightly higher than that of most other German beers) to 7 grams per liter, or more. This produces a generous stand of foam, especially in light of the high protein content of wheat malt. Wheat beer Wheat beer is a beer, usually top-fermented, which is brewed with a large proportion of wheat relative to the amount of malted barley.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1480765",
"score": "0.8569828",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Beer in Germany",
"text": "Beer in Germany Beer is a major part of German culture. German beer is brewed according to the \"Reinheitsgebot\", which permits only water, hops, and malt as ingredients and stipulates that beers not exclusively using barley-malt such as wheat beer must be top-fermented. In 2012, Germany ranked third in Europe in terms of per-capita beer consumption, behind the Czech Republic and Austria. The \"Reinheitsgebot\" (\"purity decree\"), sometimes called the \"German Beer Purity Law\" or the \"Bavarian Purity Law\" in English, was a regulation concerning the production of beer in Germany. In the original text, the only ingredients that could be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4924246",
"score": "0.85522854",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Wheat beer",
"text": "at the Hoegaarden Brewery in Belgium and the Celis Brewery in Austin, Texas, and is traditionally made with up to 50% raw wheat rather than wheat malt. The beers have a somewhat sour taste due to the presence of lactic acid or acetic acid, much more pronounced in the past than today. Also, the suspended yeast in the beer causes some continuing fermentation in the bottle. A minor variety of wheat beer is represented by Berliner Weiße (Berlin White), which is low in alcohol (2.5% to 3% ABV) and intentionally tart. Sweetened syrups of lemon, raspberry or woodruff herb are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1480760",
"score": "0.85500604",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "St. Pauli",
"text": "then there has been prostitution in St. Pauli, and it is still best known as Hamburg's red-light district. The red-light district is an area of a few streets around the Reeperbahn, often referred to as the \"Kiez\". Bars and music clubs have a tradition in the \"Kiez St. Pauli\". The Beatles lived in St. Pauli and played at the Star-Club before becoming famous. They were honoured by the naming of Beatles-Platz square. Actor/singer Hans Albers is strongly associated with St. Pauli, providing the neighbourhood's unofficial anthem, with \"Auf der Reeperbahn Nachts um Halb Eins\" (\"On the Reeperbahn at Half Past",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2828603",
"score": "0.854609",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Beer in Germany",
"text": "(brewing since 1040). In 2004, Oettinger replaced Krombacher as the best selling brand in Germany. The alcohol-by-volume, or ABV, content of beers in Germany is usually between 4.7% and 5.4% for most traditional brews. Bockbier or Doppelbock (double Bockbier) can have an alcohol content of up to 16%, making it stronger than many wines. A \"Weizen\" glass is used to serve wheat beer. Originating in Germany, the glass is narrow at the bottom and slightly wider at the top; the width both releasing aroma, and providing room for the often thick, fluffy heads produced by wheat beer. It tends to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4924251",
"score": "0.84819156",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "St. Erhard (brewery)",
"text": "St. Erhard (brewery) St. Erhard (officially typeset St. ERHARD) is a German craft brewery from the region of Bamberg in Bavaria. The beer positions itself as a luxury brand and is predominantly exported to Asia. St. Erhard beer is brewed according to the Reinheitsgebot (German purity law) of 1516 and has an original gravity of 12.5 degrees Plato with an alcohol content of 5% by volume. The beer can mainly be found in the Indian market. The brand positions itself as a premium product. Unlike most other beer brands St. Erhard comes in a clear glass bottle which has a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15896971",
"score": "0.8452862",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "St. Erhard (brewery)",
"text": "label printed on the glass and a varnished UV protection. The brand name 'St. ERHARD' is an internationally registered trademark for beer and related products and services. St. Erhard (brewery) St. Erhard (officially typeset St. ERHARD) is a German craft brewery from the region of Bamberg in Bavaria. The beer positions itself as a luxury brand and is predominantly exported to Asia. St. Erhard beer is brewed according to the Reinheitsgebot (German purity law) of 1516 and has an original gravity of 12.5 degrees Plato with an alcohol content of 5% by volume. The beer can mainly be found in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15896972",
"score": "0.8434783",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "St. Pauli Girl",
"long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The brand derives its name from the fact that the original brewery, which was established in 1857 by Lüder Rutenberg, was located next to the former St. Paul's Friary (de) in Bremen. There are currently three brands of beer brewed: St. Pauli Girl Lager, St. Pauli Girl Special Dark and St. Pauli Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage. The beer is only produced for export and is not sold in Germany.",
"short_answers": [
"Lager",
"Non-Alcoholic Malt Beverage",
"Special Dark"
]
}
|
when does like cage season 2 come out
|
[
"June 22, 2018"
] |
[
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "after a Pete Rock & CL Smooth song. Reg E. Cathey has a recurring role as Cage's father in one of his last performances, and the season is dedicated to his memory. The season premiered on June 21, 2018, before all 13 episodes were released on Netflix on June 22. It was widely praised as better than the first season, particularly for its narrative and cast—Woodard's performance especially—though there was again some criticism for its pacing. Netflix canceled the series on October 19, 2018. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In January 2015, Netflix CCO Ted Sarandos stated the series was \"eligible to go",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877385",
"score": "1.0950987",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "Luke Cage (season 2) The second season of the American web television series \"Luke Cage\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, sees Cage become a hero and celebrity in Harlem after clearing his name, only to face a new threat. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Cage, alongside returning principal cast members Simone Missick, Theo Rossi,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877383",
"score": "1.0737612",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "as a series.\" David Betancourt of \"The Washington Post\" felt the season was \"spectacular, full of unforgettable performances, and has not one but two top-notch villains\". Though he felt the season started slow, the later episodes are \"where the magic happens\". Alison Keene at Collider felt the \"last few episodes are fantastic — it just takes a lot to get there.\" Keene also felt \"There are plenty of things this season does well, really well, but there is so much filler and narrative dragging of feet in between that it’s hard to recommend it outright,\" awarding the season three stars",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877403",
"score": "1.0453849",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "out of four. CNN's Brian Lowry was more critical of the season, feeling the season was \"weaker\" than the first, noting it was \"not bad, overall, but still experiencing the equivalent of a sophomore slump.\" Similar to Lowry, Alan Sepinwall at \"Rolling Stone\" gave the season two stars out of four, noting the 13-episode season had \"only three or four episodes' worth of story at best\". Luke Cage (season 2) The second season of the American web television series \"Luke Cage\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, sees Cage become a hero and celebrity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877404",
"score": "1.039684",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "into multiple seasons for sure\" and Netflix would look at \"how well [they] are addressing both the Marvel fanbase but also the broader fanbase\" in terms of determining if additional seasons would be appropriate. In July 2015, Sarandos said some of the Defenders series would \"selectively have multiple seasons as they come out of the gate.\" Regarding a second season, showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker stated he had \"a few ideas\", including possibly exploring the \"Hero for Hire\" aspect of Luke Cage, though noted he was not taking \"any of this for granted\" in terms of feeling a second season renewal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877386",
"score": "1.0395985",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Awarding the \"excellent\" season four stars out of five, Olly Richards of \"Empire\" said, \"Most of Marvel’s superhero series suffer a mid-season sag, without enough plot to fill their episode quota. This season never succumbs to that because it’s not rooted in plot but character. There are episodes where little happens in terms of event, but characters deepen and crack, becoming less who they want to be and more who they have to be, even Luke. \"Luke Cage\" could now remove any superhero elements almost entirely and still function",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877402",
"score": "1.0378699",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (TV series)",
"text": "300,000 Twitter and Instagram posts regarding it, and when the second season was released in June 2018, the posts had declined dramatically to under 50,000. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 94% approval rating with an average rating of 8.03/10 based on 68 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"An immersive, socially conscious narrative and a confident, charismatic lead performance make \"Marvel's Luke Cage\" a stellar sampling of the new Marvel/Netflix universe.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 79 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". The second season has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18533005",
"score": "1.0321013",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "June 19, followed by an after-party featuring musical performances by KRS-One, Younge and Muhammad, and surprise guests. The season had its red carpet premiere in New York City on June 21, 2018. The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 84% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.15/10 based on 54 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"\"Marvel's Luke Cage\" surpasses the successes of its debut season with a satisfyingly complex narrative and a solid ensemble cast led by Alfre Woodard's standout performance as the archvillainess Black Mariah.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 64",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877401",
"score": "1.0306834",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Cage (The Killing)",
"text": "but long, start to the season. It's an intriguing premise to focus a crime series around a single crime and the effects of that crime and I think it will make for a very entertaining show.\" The A.V. Club's Meredith Blake rated the first two episodes an A– and commented, \"At this early stage, it's hard to know whether The Killing will live up to AMC's aspirations and become The Next Great American Television Show, but, with a mystery this engrossing, who really cares?\" Coupled with the Pilot episode, \"The Cage\" drew 2.7 million viewers and a 2 household rating.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16247710",
"score": "1.0299219",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "general style. Its pacing and some writing were viewed as some of the season's shortcomings. The series' approach to racial issues was discussed by many commentators. The season won several awards, including a Primetime Emmy Award. A second season of \"Luke Cage\" was ordered on December 3, 2016. <onlyinclude> </onlyinclude> In October 2013, Marvel and Disney announced that Marvel Television and ABC Studios would provide Netflix with live action series centered around Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist, and Luke Cage, leading up to a miniseries based on the Defenders. In December 2014, Mike Colter was cast as Cage, which was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877261",
"score": "1.0244312",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "a score of 79 out of 100 based on 30 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". Reviewing the first seven episodes of the season, Allison Keene of Collider awarded it 5 stars out of 5, describing the episodes as an \"intimate\" portrait of the Harlem culture, and noting that each character had distinct personalities and memorable moments. Keene specifically praised Colter. Mike Cecchini of Den of Geek spoke positively of the season, particularly the cast, atmosphere, and \"willingness to go places that other Marvel Studios productions can't.\" He found Simone Missick to be the standout performer, praised the soundtrack which has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877307",
"score": "1.0241625",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "Luke Cage (season 1) The first season of the American web television series \"Luke Cage\", which is based on the Marvel Comics character of the same name, follows a former convict with superhuman strength and unbreakable skin who fights crime in Harlem, New York. It is set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU), sharing continuity with the films and other television series of the franchise. The season was produced by Marvel Television in association with ABC Studios, with Cheo Hodari Coker serving as showrunner. Mike Colter stars as Cage, reprising his role from the series \"Jessica Jones\". He is joined",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877258",
"score": "1.0189966",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "gonna double down on that stuff, so look forward to a very exciting and very relevant and pop culture-heavy show.\" He added that after the first season and the crossover miniseries \"The Defenders\", Cage would have \"a whole new outlook on life\" and would not be dealing with the judicial system anymore. Coker explained that the storyline for the season did not come from any particular iteration of the comics, and instead was based on the characters that appear: \"who is Luke Cage and getting much deeper into that, but also finding out different things about Mariah Dillard, also finding",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877389",
"score": "1.007053",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (TV series)",
"text": "now fights crime and corruption. Simone Missick, Theo Rossi, Rosario Dawson, and Alfre Woodard also star, with Mahershala Ali and Erik LaRay Harvey joining them for season one, and Mustafa Shakir and Gabrielle Dennis joining for season two. Development of the series began in late 2013. In December 2014, Colter was cast as Cage, to appear first in \"Marvel's Jessica Jones\", with Coker hired as the showrunner in March 2015. The series is filmed in New York City, looking to replicate the unique culture and atmosphere of Harlem. All episodes of the first season premiered on September 30, 2016. They",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18532982",
"score": "1.0058453",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "the season was released on October 7, digitally and pressed on yellow vinyl by Mondo. Coker said that \"one of the things that's really the cornerstone of 90s hip-hop is sampling, so we have a lot of influences that we wear openly\", which he compared to the style of Quentin Tarantino. He continued, \"I think what makes it feel new is the fact that we’re showing you can be both. We’re showing that you can do Ralph Ellison at the same times as you’re doing Chester Himes.\" Coker was as specific with his choices of music in the season as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877298",
"score": "1.0038725",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"text": "taking it to the next level. That’s my hope for season 2, is that we have some of the similar sounds, but we go in a deeper direction.\" Coker also noted that music would continue to be an important element for the season and that Harlem would still be \"at the heart and its center\" for the series. In July 2017, Colter said the writing for the season was different from the first, because \"we know the show now. We know the world that we’re in and we know sort of what works and what doesn’t work and we’re just",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877388",
"score": "1.001411",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "Paradise throughout the season; and each episode is named after a Gang Starr song. Visual effects, including for the depiction of Cage's abilities, were provided by FuseFX. The first two episodes of the season premiered in Harlem on September 28, 2016, with the full season of 13 episodes released on Netflix on September 30 to an estimated high viewership—it was believed to become the fourth most-viewed season on Netflix within 30 days of its release—and positive reviews, particularly for the first 7 episodes. Critics praised the cast, especially the performances of Ali and Woodard, as well as the music and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877260",
"score": "1.0009925",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "Castle, and a flier for Colleen Wing's martial arts class, to then be introduced in \"Iron Fist\". The first season of \"Luke Cage\" was released on September 30, 2016, on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K. The season was enhanced to be available in high dynamic range after its initial release by post-production vendor Deluxe. The 13 hour-long episodes were released simultaneously, as opposed to a serialized format, to encourage binge-watching, a format which has been successful for other Netflix series. The first trailer for the series debuted exclusively on Netflix, autoplaying after the final episode of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877301",
"score": "1.0006039",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (soundtrack)",
"text": "Luke Cage (soundtrack) Luke Cage (Original Soundtrack Album) is the soundtrack album to the 2016 first season of the web television series \"Luke Cage\", featuring music composed by Adrian Younge and Ali Shaheed Muhammad. The soundtrack was released on October 7, 2016, digitally and with a vinyl release by Mondo. Younge and Muhammad were asked to join the series by showrunner Cheo Hodari Coker, and strove to write a score inspired by hip hop. They were given a full orchestra to record the score with. In addition to their music, the soundtrack includes songs from various artists that gave onscreen",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19777374",
"score": "0.99585146",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The Cage (The Killing)",
"text": "The Cage (The Killing) \"The Cage\" is the second episode of the American television drama series \"The Killing\", which aired on April 3, 2011 on AMC in the United States after the pilot episode. The episode was written by Veena Sud and was directed by Ed Bianchi. In the episode, police question Rosie Larsen's grieving parents. Rosie's best friend, Sterling, and ex-boyfriend, Jasper, enter the suspect list, which leads the detectives to new evidence found at the school. A medical examiner prepares Rosie’s body, in order for her parents to view her. As Stan (Brent Sexton) silently identifies his daughter’s",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16247711",
"score": "0.9948984",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Daredevil (season 2)",
"text": "\"Luke Cage\" ... somehow at some point during that show, the next day she’s in the hospital talking to me.\" The second season of \"Daredevil\" was released on March 18, 2016 on the streaming service Netflix worldwide, in Ultra HD 4K. Preparing for the release, Netflix created eight different images to use as cover art for the season on its site. The images were randomly distributed among select subscribers, with Netflix tracking to see which one was the best-performing to eventually use for all subscribers. Netflix also debuted a countdown timer to a percentage of its users worldwide, allowing them",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18753858",
"score": "0.9939118",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "the end of September, the second part of the \"Street Level Hero\" series was released, focusing on Harlem, with commentary from Coker, Colter, A$AP Ferg, Method Man, and Harlem style icon Dapper Dan. On September 28, 2016, a premiere for the series was held at the AMC Magic Johnson in Harlem. The season was released on DVD in Region 2 and Blu-ray in Region B on November 27, 2017, in Region 4 on December 6, 2017, and in Region 1 and Region A on December 12, 2017. In Region A, the season featured packaging designed by Quesada, and the bonus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877303",
"score": "0.99240386",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "Eisenberg felt \"Luke Cage\" \"has a unique flavor that could very well lead it to being called the best Netflix/Marvel series so far by the time its first season is over,\" a sentiment also shared by Helen O'Hara of \"The Daily Telegraph\". Eisenberg also praised the members of the supporting cast, including Missick, Whaley, Frankie Faison as Pop, and Rossi, as well as Ali and Woodard as the main villains. Despite \"weak exposition delivery in the pilot, repetitive narrative structures, and individual arcs that are cut short too soon,\" Eisenberg concluded that \"Luke Cage\" presented an area of the MCU",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877310",
"score": "0.9885144",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "ballyhooed shared-world premise so poorly, it's jarring when it even happens,\" and also took issue with elements of the season's logic, paceing, and \"thinly stretched plot\". Reviewing the entire season, Terri Schwartz of IGN awarded it an 8.4 out of 10, saying, \"\"Marvel's Luke Cage\" doesn't reach the heights of \"Daredevil\" and \"Jessica Jones\", and its flawed second half ends up diminishing what was otherwise a fantastic season. But with something important to say and interesting new characters, \"Luke Cage\" is another win for Marvel's Netflix shows.\" Keene highlighted the use of race in the season, and how it did",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877313",
"score": "0.9834892",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "unlike any previous films or television series and had done so with \"a compelling vision and atmosphere\". David Betancourt, for \"The Washington Post\", concluded that \"Luke Cage\" is \"Netflix's best Marvel show to date. When given the chance to bring to life one of the most well-known heroes of color around, Marvel and Netflix produced something that is undeniably and unapologetically black and beautiful.\" \"TV Guide\"s Alexander Zalban called the season one of 2016's \"most vital, important\" and \"timely\" television series, saying it had \"incredibly layered and iconic performances\" from the cast. Matt Webb Mitovich of TVLine, who gave the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877311",
"score": "0.98205984",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (TV series)",
"text": "an approval rating of 83% with an average rating of 7.15/10 based on 54 reviews. The website's critical consensus states, \"In its second season, Marvel's Luke Cage delivers a satisfyingly complex narrative and a solid ensemble cast led by Alfre Woodard's standout performance as the archvillainess Black Mariah.\" On Metacritic, it has a score of 64 out of 100 based on 13 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews\". By the end of July 2018, work in the series' writers room was believed to have begun on a third season, though Netflix had yet to make a decision on whether the season",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18533006",
"score": "0.9783554",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Caged (TV series)",
"text": "Caged (TV series) Caged is an American reality television series which aired on MTV. It focuses on a group of young up and coming mixed martial arts fighters in small town Minden, Louisiana. The series premiered on January 9, 2012 on MTV and ran for 10 episodes on its first and only season. Although the show is typically panned by MMA fans, it catapulted Danger to the professional ranks after being discovered by Tito Ortiz. Punishment Athletics endorses the fighter and now sells a t-shirt with his nickname on it. In November 2012, he won his professional debut against fellow",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16235277",
"score": "0.9736997",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "envisioned as a recurring role on \"Jessica Jones\" before headlining his own series. Netflix and Marvel announced that Cheo Hodari Coker would be the showrunner for \"Marvel's Luke Cage\" in late March 2015, after he pitched the series to Netflix as an examination of Harlem, \"like what \"The Wire\" did for Baltimore.\" The season consists of 13 hour-long episodes. Each episode of the season is named after a Gang Starr song, with Coker wanting the full season to feel like an album of music, explaining, \"When Prince put out an album, you would shut things out and listen to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877262",
"score": "0.96658486",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 1)",
"text": "which \"analyzes click-stream data from an online panel of more than 100 million consumers\", looked at the viewing behavior and activity of the company's U.S. members, factoring in the relative number of U.S. Netflix viewers who watched at least one episode of the season. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 94% approval rating with an average rating of 8.03/10 based on 69 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, \"An immersive, socially conscious narrative and a confident, charismatic lead performance make \"Marvel's Luke Cage\" a stellar sampling of the new Marvel/Netflix universe.\" Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19877306",
"score": "0.9645339",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Luke Cage (season 2)",
"long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The season is set to premiere June 22, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"June 22, 2018"
]
}
|
when was the south asian association for regional co-operation (saarc) formed
|
[
"December 1985",
"8 December 1985"
] |
[
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of SAARC. Russia has applied for observer status membership of SAARC. Turkey applied for observer status membership of SAARC in 2012. South Africa has participated in meetings. The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 and was inaugurated by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal. The SAARC Secretariat is supported by following Regional Centres established in the Member States to promote regional co-operation. These Centres are managed by Governing Boards comprising representatives from all the Member States, SAARC Secretary-General and the Ministry of Foreign/External",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470100",
"score": "1.3343761",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Economy of Asia",
"text": "of a full-fledged free trade zone / economic union between the member states, to be launched in 2005. It has also promoted cooperation on democratisation and cross-border crime prevention. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an association of eight countries of South Asia, namely Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and, Sri Lanka. These countries comprise an area of 5,130,746 km² and a fifth of the world population. SAARC encourages cooperation in agriculture, rural development, science and technology, culture, health, population control, narcotics control and anti-terrorism. Also , a FTA called South Asia Free Trade Agreement",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4171271",
"score": "1.3077321",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "SAARC Secretary General",
"text": "SAARC Secretary General Secretary–General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, is head of a SAARC Secretariat, which is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. SAARC is an economic and geopolitical union between the eight South Asian member nations, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Secretary-General is appointed for a three-year term by election by a council of Ministers from member states. Secretary-General is assisted by eight deputies, one from each nation, who also reside in Kathmandu. SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 by Bangladeshi diplomat Abul Ahsan, who was its first Secretary-General,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17674354",
"score": "1.2894739",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation",
"text": "in Maldives and Sri Lanka. This situation could be eased by strengthening cross-border energy networks and trade. Better telecommunications connections would also expand personal and business links, increasing trade at all levels In 1996, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, a subset of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), formed the South Asian Growth Quadrangle (SAGQ) aimed at boosting cooperation in environment, energy and power, trade and investment, transport, and tourism. SAARC endorsed SAGQ in 1997. The initial four member countries then requested ADB assistance to promote economic cooperation in the subregion, leading to the creation of the SASEC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17947415",
"score": "1.287363",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union. <hr color=\"blue\"> The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947; the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950; and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954. In the ending years of the 1970s, the seven inner South Asian nations that included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka agreed upon the creation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470092",
"score": "1.2861736",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "current as of April 2015, and is given in US dollars. The member states are Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. SAARC was founded by seven states in 1985. In 2005, Afghanistan began negotiating their accession to SAARC and formally applied for membership on the same year. The issue of Afghanistan joining SAARC generated a great deal of debate in each member state, including concerns about the definition of South Asian identity because Afghanistan is a Central Asian country. The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470098",
"score": "1.278404",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "SAARC Secretary General",
"text": "where the Bangladeshi diplomat, Abul Ahsan was elected its first Secretary-General. Since then, 11 more General Secretaries have been selected from each member nation, so far with the exception of Afghanistan. SAARC Secretary General Secretary–General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation, is head of a SAARC Secretariat, which is headquartered in Kathmandu, Nepal. SAARC is an economic and geopolitical union between the eight South Asian member nations, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Secretary-General is appointed for a three-year term by election by a council of Ministers from member states. Secretary-General is assisted by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17674357",
"score": "1.2782066",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "1980, it was agreed that Bangladesh would prepare the draft of a working paper for discussion among the foreign secretaries of South Asian countries. The foreign secretaries of the inner seven countries again delegated a Committee of the Whole in Colombo on September 1981, which identified five broad areas for regional cooperation. New areas of co-operation were added in the following years. In 1983, the international conference held in Dhaka by its Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the foreign ministers of the inner seven countries adopted the Declaration on South Asian Association Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and formally launched the Integrated Programme",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470096",
"score": "1.2742804",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "SAARC Secretary General",
"text": "Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC Secretariat is supported by following regional centers established in member states to promote regional co-operation. These centers are managed by governing boards composed of representatives from all the member states, the SAARC Secretariat and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Center acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. There have been 12 democratically elected holders of the office of Secretary-General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Bangladesh held the first summit in Dhaka,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17674356",
"score": "1.2512984",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Centre acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. After 31 December 2015, there 6 regional centers were stopped by unanimous decision. These are SMRC, SFC, SDC, SCZMC, SIC, SHRDC. SAARC has six Apex Bodies, they are- Amjad Hussain B. Sial is the current Secretary General of SAARC. SAARC also has about 17 recognised bodies. South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Disaster Management Centre (SDMC-IU) has been set up at Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management (GIDM) Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Eight Member States, i.e.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470101",
"score": "1.2321208",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "SAARC meetings which have refrained from interfering in the internal matters of its member states. During the 12th and 13th SAARC summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members to fight terrorism. The 19th SAARC summit scheduled to be held in Pakistan was called off as India, Bangladesh, Bhutan and Afghanistan decided to boycott it. It was for the first time that four countries boycotted a SAARC summit, leading to its cancellation. SAFTA was envisaged primarily as the first step towards the transition to a South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA) leading subsequently towards a Customs",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470103",
"score": "1.2299596",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "18th SAARC summit The eighteenth summit of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) was held in Kathmandu, the capital of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal during 26–27 November 2014. The theme of the summit was \"Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity\", focused on enhancing connectivity between the member states for easier transit-transport across the region. Sushil Koirala, the then Nepalese Prime Minister, was the main host of the event which took place in Rastriya Sabha Griha Sanandan Raj, Nepal The summit took place after an interval of three years as the previous summit was held in 2011 in Maldives.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363191",
"score": "1.2206825",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007. States with observer status include Australia, China, the European Union, Iran, Japan, Mauritius, Myanmar, South Korea and the United States. On 2 August 2006, the foreign ministers of the SAARC countries agreed in principle to grant observer status to three applicants; the US and South Korea (both made requests in April 2006), as well as the European Union (requested in July 2006). On 4 March 2007, Iran requested observer status, followed shortly by Mauritius. Myanmar has expressed interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470099",
"score": "1.215577",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "World government",
"text": "America. These states are Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Suriname, Uruguay, and Venezuela. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia. In terms of population, its sphere of influence is the largest of any regional organization: almost 1.5 billion people, the combined population of its member states. It was established on December 8, 1985 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan. In April 2007, at the Association's 14th summit, Afghanistan became its eighth member. The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "962089",
"score": "1.208792",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "SAFF Championship",
"text": "Pakistan and Sri Lanka. It is held every two years. Afghanistan joined SAFF in 2005 and left the association in 2015 to become a founding member of Central Asian Football Federation (CAFF). The South Asian Football Federation (SAFF) Championship kicked off in Kathmandu in 1997, evolving out of its forerunner, the South Asian Association of Regional Co-operation (SAARC) Gold Cup. Since its inception, the biennial competition has developed into South Asia’s premier football tournament, promoting the regional development of the game. The SAFF Championship 2001 was first postponed from Oct/Nov 2001 to Jan/Feb 2002 due to the suspension of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12042955",
"score": "1.1952369",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "Nepal gave a call for close regional cooperation among South Asian countries in sharing river waters. After the USSR's intervention in Afghanistan, the efforts to establish the union was accelerated in 1979 and the resulting rapid deterioration of South Asian security situation. Responding to Rahman and Birendra's convention, the officials of the foreign ministries of the seven countries met for the first time in Colombo in April 1981. The Bangladeshi proposal was promptly endorsed by Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and the Maldives but India and Pakistan were sceptical initially. The Indian concern was the proposal's reference to the security matters",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470094",
"score": "1.193919",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "South Asian Free Trade Area",
"text": "of the SAARC ratified the SAFTA protocol on 4 May 2011. The Agreement on SAARC Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was signed on April 11, 1993, and entered into force on December 7, 1995, with the desire of the Member States of SAARC (India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Afghanistan and the Maldives) to promote and sustain mutual trade and economic cooperation within the SAARC region through the exchange of concessions. The establishment of an Inter-Governmental Group (IGG) to formulate an agreement to establish a SAPTA by 1997 was approved in the \"Sixth Summit of SAARC\" held in Colombo in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4660861",
"score": "1.1870246",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation. With the ongoing cold relationships between India and Pakistan, the formal handshake between the Prime Ministers from both the countries caught a lot of attention and was applauded by everyone in the Summit Hall. In this way the 18th SAARC summit was over 18th SAARC summit The eighteenth summit of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) was held in Kathmandu, the capital of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal during 26–27 November 2014. The theme of the summit was \"Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity\", focused on enhancing connectivity between the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363196",
"score": "1.1840043",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "South Asian Regional Trade Union Council",
"text": "South Asian Regional Trade Union Council The South Asian Regional Trade Union Council (SARTUC) is a federation of national trade union centers whose geographic scope covers South Asia. SARTUC's mission is to promote workers' rights within its member nations. The South Asian Regional Trade Union Council was formed in January 1988 by some of the affiliates of the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (now the ITUC) in countries belonging to the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The Indian trade union center Indian National Trade Union Congress and Hind",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12245019",
"score": "1.1750361",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "South Asia",
"text": "Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. South Asia covers about 5.2 million km (2 million mi), which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world's land surface area. The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. Overall, it accounts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13041638",
"score": "1.1726655",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "Union, Common Market and the Economic Union. In 1995, Sixteenth session of the Council of Ministers (New Delhi, 18–19 December 1995) agreed on the need to strive for the realisation of SAFTA and to this end, an Inter-Governmental Expert Group (IGEG) was set up in 1996 to identify the necessary steps for progressing to a free trade area. The Tenth SAARC Summit (Colombo, 29–31 July 1998) decided to set up a Committee of Experts (COE) to draft a comprehensive treaty framework for creating a free trade area within the region, taking into consideration the asymmetries in development within the region",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470104",
"score": "1.1705401",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "in South Asia and feared that Rahman's proposal for a regional organisation might provide an opportunity for new smaller neighbours to renationalise all bilateral issues and to join with each other to form an opposition against India. Pakistan assumed that it might be an Indian strategy to organise the other South Asian countries against Pakistan and ensure a regional market for Indian products, thereby consolidating and further strengthening India's economic dominance in the region. However, after a series of diplomatic consultations headed by Bangladesh between South Asian U.N. representatives at the UN headquarters in New York, from September 1979 to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470095",
"score": "1.1689353",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "of a trade bloc and to provide a platform for the people of South Asia to work together in a spirit of friendship, trust, and understanding. President Ziaur Rahman later addressed official letters to the leaders of the countries of the South Asia, presenting his vision for the future of the region and the compelling arguments for region. During his visit to India in December 1977, Rahman discussed the issue of regional cooperation with the Indian Prime Minister, Morarji Desai. In the inaugural speech to the Colombo Plan Consultative Committee which met in Kathmandu also in 1977, King Birendra of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470093",
"score": "1.1669371",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "and bearing in mind the need to fix realistic and achievable targets. The SAFTA Agreement was signed on 6 January 2004 during Twelfth SAARC Summit held in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2006, and the Trade Liberalisation Programme commenced from 1 July 2006. Under this agreement, SAARC members will bring their duties down to 20 percent by 2009. Following the Agreement coming into force the SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC) has been established comprising the Commerce Ministers of the Member States. In 2012 the SAARC exports increased substantially to US$354.6 billion from US$206.7 billion in 2009.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470105",
"score": "1.1648858",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "SAARC Secretary General",
"text": "and was inaugurated by King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal. Since its creation, its member nations have contributed to a total of thirteen General Secretaries. Pakistan's Diplomat Amjad Hussain B. Sial is the current Secretary-General, having assumed charge on 1 March 2017. SAARC Secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. It coordinates and monitors the implementation of activities, hosts meetings, and serves as a channel of communication between the Association and its member states as well as other regional organisations. Secretary-General is assisted by eight Directors on deputation from the member states, and SAARC Secretariat includes officials from Afghanistan, Bangladesh,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17674355",
"score": "1.164609",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Quazi Golam Dastgir",
"text": "Bangladesh Foreign Secretary Shah A M S Kibria as the Executive Secretary of the United Nations commission. It was at a reception at his house in Bangkok, Thailand that he broached the idea of an association of South Asian nations in the ASEAN model to the Bhutanese Foreign Minister, and this started discussions which led to the proclamation of SAARC (the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) by Bangladesh President Ziaur Rahman, after extensive diplomatic groundwork done by Dastgir's brother-in-law then Bangladesh Foreign Secretary Ambassador Humayun Rasheed Choudhury who went on to become the President of the 41st UN General",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16246119",
"score": "1.1635239",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "19th SAARC summit",
"text": "Lanka, backing a call for postponing the 19th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Summit in Pakistan, said the prevailing environment in the region was not conducive for holding the event. The Maldives which initially refrained from boycotting and instead urged a conductive environment be created for the summit, later boycotted the event condemning international terrorism, especially those originating from outside. Nepal, the current chair of SAARC, urged that \"a conducive environment be created soon to ensure the participation of all member states in the 19th SAARC summit in line with the spirit of the SAARC charter\". It also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469506",
"score": "1.1606213",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "South Asian Football Federation",
"text": "of the tournament. South Asian Football Federation South Asian Football Federation (SAFF), founded in 1997, is an association of the football playing nations in South Asia and is part of the larger Asian Football Confederation. Its founding members are Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. Bhutan joined the federation in 2000 and Afghanistan in 2005. In February 2015, captain Haroon Amiri announced that Afghanistan had officially left the SAFF for the new Central Asian Football Association. The current champion of SAFF is the Maldives after a 2-1 win over India in SAFF championship 2018. Afghanistan, who had joined",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11067184",
"score": "1.1560059",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government",
"text": "ambitious Maritime Silk Road project to South Asian nations. Pakistan, China's all weather friend, also vouched for a more participatory role for the observer nations in the summit process, indirectly advocating for a more Chinese involvement. Although no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation. India had earlier advanced three proposal to boost connectivity in the region and those were the 'Regulation of Passenger and Cargo Vehicular Traffic amongst SAARC Member States' for seamless vehicular movement beyond the national borders the 'SAARC Regional Agreement on Railways' for international rail service and the 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)'",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18109383",
"score": "1.1535227",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"chunked_long_answer": "SAARC was founded in Dhaka on 8 December 1985. Its secretariat is based in Kathmandu, Nepal. The organization promotes development of economic and regional integration. It launched the South Asian Free Trade Area in 2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union.",
"short_answers": [
"8 December 1985",
"December 1985"
]
}
|
what hangs from the trees in the bayou
|
[
"Spanish moss"
] |
[
{
"title": "Bayou De View",
"text": "the form of tupelo, bald cypress, hickory, pine and other native trees of the hardwood and softwood families. This area used to be known as part of the \"Big Woods\" of Arkansas, but most of the standing timber was cleared for farming by the second half of the 20th century. Now, however, there are many reforestation projects underway around the edges of the bayou, including moist-soils projects and hardwood planting projects. Recently, Bayou De View and the town of Brinkley have gained international attention from possible sightings of the ivory-billed woodpecker, which was thought to be extinct since the 1940s.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15304432",
"score": "1.0216165",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Clyde Connell",
"text": "frogs, cicadas, crickets, and the winds of the Louisiana night. Years later she recorded this night music with intricate calligraphic notations on large rolls of brown paper, which she called her \"swamp songs.\" She explored regional themes of social conscience, nature, sound, and a deep spiritual world. She used the nature around her Lake Bistineau cottage home to inspire her style saying “you are in different world. It became a part of me. Where the moss swooped down, I wanted my sculpture to look like it grew out of the earth and was trying to touch the moss.” Her sculptures",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10304379",
"score": "1.017444",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens",
"text": "from two eighteenth-century Massachusetts houses in Miss Hogg's bedroom and sitting room. In February 1999, the city of Houston named Bayou Bend an official city landmark. The heavily wooded along Buffalo Bayou include eight formal gardens. Three of the gardens are named for a statue of a goddess or muse displayed in the garden, Clio, Diana and Euturpe. The other gardens are named White, East, Butterfly and Carla. In September 2008, the winds of Hurricane Ike caused extensive damage to the gardens. Although none of the statues were damaged, between 65 and 70% of the pine trees on the grounds",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11734583",
"score": "0.99693775",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "The Underneath (novel)",
"text": "instead and the boy disappeared from the plot. Appelt ended up drawing inspiration from the setting of the bayou itself, as well as some inspiration from Caddo legends, who lived in that region. She admitted that the creation of the character Grandmother Moccasin may have been driven by her fear of snakes. Appelt also stated that she drew inspiration from \"The Jungle Book\", not for its plot but for its themes and how it tackled ideas that you wouldn't expect from a children's book. The story takes place underneath a ramshackle house, in the bayou near the Texas-Louisiana border. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13186589",
"score": "0.9965311",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens",
"text": "had fallen, as had an American holly tree, which at was the tallest of its kind in Harris County, Texas. Bart Brechter, the Curator of Gardens at the museum, estimated that it would take 5 months to clear the debris and could take years to bring the gardens to their former state. The collection at Bayou Bend presently consists of approximately 4,700 objects that reflect historic and stylistic periods from 1620 to 1870 installed in some 28 period room settings that showcase American decorative arts from 1620 through 1870. Miss Hogg began assembling this important collection of American decorative arts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11734584",
"score": "0.98697424",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Ada Thomas",
"text": "woven to produce designs of traditional animals of the bayou. Alligators, blackbird's and cow's eyes, hearts, perch, snakes, and turtles are recurring motifs. The plain interior basket is woven first and once the rim is reached, the basket is turned and woven from the rim back to the bottom bringing in the colored design. After graduating from the reservation school, Vilcan moved to New Orleans, where she worked in an aircraft plant dedicated to the war effort. Though schools were segregated and Native Americans were not allowed to attend black or white high schools, government policy allowed plant workers to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20862160",
"score": "0.98274255",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Polystrate fossil",
"text": "to 1.8 meters) high, upright trunks of cypress trees. Northeast of Donaldsonville, Louisiana, a borrow pit excavated for fill used to maintain nearby artificial levees, exposed three levels of rooted upright tree trunks stacked on top of each other lying completely buried beneath the surface of Point Houmas, a patch of floodplain lying within a meander loop of the current course of the Mississippi River. While searching for buried archaeological sites, archaeologists excavated a 12 ft (3.6 meter) high upright rooted cypress tree completely buried within a natural levee of the Atchafalaya River within the Indian Bayou Wildlife Management Area",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3902052",
"score": "0.95733255",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Bayou Bend Collection and Gardens",
"text": "Michael Hogg. Covered in towering trees and thick undergrowth, the home site was, in Miss Hogg's words, \"nothing but a dense thicket\". The home was one of the first to be located in the River Oaks neighborhood developed by the Hogg brothers. During construction, Ima Hogg insisted that as many trees as possible be kept. Only one tree was sacrificed to make room for the house, and the gardens were created around the existing trees. Ima Hogg gave the home its name, over the objection of her brother Will, who said the name was \"too muddy and 'muskeetery' and malarial\".",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11734581",
"score": "0.9467547",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Armand Bayou",
"text": "as \"a local problem.\" Armand Bayou Armand Bayou is a bayou in U.S. State of Texas. It runs near Galveston Bay in Pasadena and the Clear Lake Area. The bayou is best known for the Armand Bayou Nature Center, through which it runs. The bayou and the nature center were named for Armand Yramatagui, former curator of the Burke Baker Planetarium and environmental leader during the 1960s. State Representative Dennis Paul, before he took office, was among those who worked with community leaders to clean up the bayou before the United States Environmental Protection Agency ordered a national solution to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13581310",
"score": "0.9390554",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Spanish moss",
"text": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "The Long Bright Dark",
"text": "striking paradox. \"There's a contradictory nature to the place and a sort of sinister quality underneath it all,\" the native Louisianan noted. \"Everything lives under layers of concealment. The woods are thick and dark and impenetrable. On the other hand you have the beauty of it all from a distance.\" \"The Long Bright Dark\" and subsequent episodes were shot in 35 mm film, and principal photography for the season consumed 100 consecutive days. The crew filmed exterior shots at a remote sugarcane field outside of Erath, Louisiana which, because it was partially burned, inspired a \"moody and atmospheric\" backdrop for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18485321",
"score": "0.9313826",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Bayou Lafourche",
"text": "to \"pick up 10 or 20 grand for 3 months trapping at Bayou La Fourche. [...] Muskrats, nutria, mink, otter... coon. All I need is a pirogue.\" In The CW Network's supernatural-fantasy series, \"The Originals\", the Bayou Lafourche is a major setting and has acted as the home of the Werewolf encampments for decades after the Vampires exiled them from the city of New Orleans. Bayou Lafourche Bayou Lafourche, originally called Chetimachas River or La Fourche des Chetimaches, (the fork of the Chitimacha), is a bayou in southeastern Louisiana, United States, that flows into the Gulf of Mexico. The bayou",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3535128",
"score": "0.93036956",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Armand Bayou",
"text": "Armand Bayou Armand Bayou is a bayou in U.S. State of Texas. It runs near Galveston Bay in Pasadena and the Clear Lake Area. The bayou is best known for the Armand Bayou Nature Center, through which it runs. The bayou and the nature center were named for Armand Yramatagui, former curator of the Burke Baker Planetarium and environmental leader during the 1960s. State Representative Dennis Paul, before he took office, was among those who worked with community leaders to clean up the bayou before the United States Environmental Protection Agency ordered a national solution to what Paul otherwise viewed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13581309",
"score": "0.93031067",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Big Cypress Bayou (Wetland)",
"text": "groves of trees have completely died off, and land has been recently deforested up to the water's edge. Big Cypress Bayou (Wetland) Cypress Bayou is the name applied to a series of wetlands at the western edge of Caddo Lake, in and around Jefferson, Texas, making up part of the largest Cypress forest in the world. The bayou is divided into three areas—each part of the watershed of a small river or creek—Little Cypress, Big Cypress, and Black Cypress. The features had been modified, to an extent, by human beings in the 19th and 20th centuries, but today is endangered",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8193024",
"score": "0.9286298",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Elemore Morgan Jr.",
"text": "plein air landscape paintings often in the heart of the rice growing region of southwest Louisiana. Many of Morgan’s landscapes were acrylic on oddly shaped Masonite panels, cut to fit his vision of the land, which he felt were integral to the design and composition of his works. Morgan contributed photography for a 1984 book titled \"The Makers of Cajun Music\", which he co-produced with Cajun folklorist Barry Jean Ancelet, who wrote the text. Morgan mused that his sense of nature affected his subject: \"If you have more nature and less man, it’s going to have a certain effect on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7958500",
"score": "0.927691",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Therese Tartlon Hershey",
"text": "in the upper part of the Buffalo Bayou river. Hershey and other citizens of Houston visited the area, where they discovered that nine acres of trees had been cut down and tires were being burned in the same area. She believed that the river's destruction was due to the United States Army Corps of Engineers and along with several volunteers, sent pictures they had taken of the concrete Bayous to their congressman, George Bush Sr.. In response Bush invited Hershey to speak before the Appropriations Sub-committee, where she could request an evaluation of the work being done at the river,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20422893",
"score": "0.92585456",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Bayou St. John (novel)",
"text": "the death) and fled to America to make a new start. Lucas, a young slave sold to a plantation owner, ends up killing the overseer. He attempts to escape from the dock in Charleston, where he encounters Jacques, who claims the young slave as his own, names him Pierre, and together they board a ship to New Orleans. Bayou St. John (novel) Bayou St. John is a historical fiction book set in the pre-Civil War era, written by Arthur Pindle. Set in 1825, \"Bayou St. John\" is a novel about two fugitives with a master/slave relationship who escape to start",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14946988",
"score": "0.9254768",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Bayou",
"text": "for them. A bayou is frequently an anabranch or minor braid of a braided channel that is moving much more slowly than the mainstem, often becoming boggy and stagnant. Though fauna varies by region, many bayous are home to crawfish, certain species of shrimp, other shellfish, catfish, frogs, toads, American alligators, American crocodiles, herons, turtles, spoonbills, snakes, leeches, and many other species. The word was first used by the English in Louisiana and is thought to originate from the Choctaw word \"bayuk\", which means \"small stream\". The first settlements of Bayou Teche, and other bayous, were by the Cajuns, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3079943",
"score": "0.92469156",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Bayou (film)",
"text": "southern Louisiana, Martin meets Marie, a sensual Cajun girl of seventeen who works as a crabber in the bayou in order to support herself and her partly senile, alcoholic father Herbert. Marie has aroused the lustful instincts of the local storekeeper, Ulysses, a sadistic, illiterate bully who has attempted to rape her. After helping Marie to recover money stolen from her, Martin asks her to be his guide for the carnival activities. In order to impress the local building commissioner, Martin's contractor friend, Jim Tallant, enters him in a race using pirogues, primitive canoes hollowed out of tree trunks. Martin",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16993716",
"score": "0.9235885",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Bayou La Batre, Alabama",
"text": "street sweepers, a riding lawnmower, and six chainsaws. The equipment was used to help remove debris and fishing boats from downtown; however, the larger shrimp boats that were washed into the surrounding woods by the flood waters remain there today. Bayou La Batre is a center for shipbuilding. The shipyards are owned and operated mainly by local families such as Gazzier Marine Services, Horizon Shipbuilding, Steiner Ship Yard, Rodriguez Boat Builders, Master Boat Buliders, Williams Fabrication, and Landry Boat Works. People from all over the world including the United States, South America, and Africa have boats built in Bayou La",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "995216",
"score": "0.9212786",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Bayou (film)",
"text": "Bayou (film) Bayou was a 1957 motion picture directed by Harold Daniels. The drama was set in the Louisiana bayou region. Produced by American National Films, it was also shot in Barataria Bay, Louisiana, and most of the characters are Cajun residents of a rural fishing village. \"Bayou\" features one of the few lead roles by noted character actor Timothy Carey. Martin Davis, an insecure young architect, comes to New Orleans from the North to compete against a local man for the job of designing a new civic auditorium. On a visit to a carnival in the Cajun country of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16993715",
"score": "0.91900295",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Mignon Faget",
"text": "Trail and Park, H. Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, the Louisiana Philharmonic Orchestra, the New Orleans Museum of Art, the Junior League of New Orleans, the Louisiana Nature Center at the Audubon Nature Institute, and the Friends of the Audubon Zoo, among others. Her designs for Newcomb College feature the motif of the oak tree, a prominent symbol in the college's history. She has also designed jewelry for various New Orleans Mardi Gras krewes for their annual balls. Faget's work has appeared in various galleries across the country. In 1976 and 1980 she had solo showings in Kruger Gallery in New",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9214269",
"score": "0.9186685",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "A Bayou Legend",
"text": "A Bayou Legend A Bayou Legend is an American opera composed by William Grant Still, with a libretto by his wife and frequent collaborator, Verna Arvey. Set in a 19th-century Creole village in the Mississippi Delta, the opera focuses on the deadly revenge that the beautiful Clothilde enacts on Bazile, a handsome young man who does not return her expressions of love. When Clothilde discovers that Bazile has been in communication with Aurore, a spirit who identifies herself as Bazile's lover from a distant era, Clothilde threatens to have Bazile arrested for violating local religious customs. When Bazile continues to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11952877",
"score": "0.9179801",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Sam Houston Jones State Park",
"text": "Sam Houston Jones State Park Sam Houston Jones State Park is a park near the city of Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, in southwestern Louisiana (USA) located at the confluence of the Houston and Calcasieu Rivers and Indian Bayou. It consists of of woodlands, lakes and rivers. Prominent in the park are many bald cypress trees. Tree-filled lagoons and a mixed pine and hardwood forest combine to create a unique natural environment. The area hosts an abundance of wildlife, including deer, squirrels, bobcats, rabbits, alligators, otters, nutria rats, raccoons, foxes, and diverse birdlife. Ducks and geese are usually found swimming in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4052598",
"score": "0.9177348",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Bayou Desiard",
"text": "cypress are located on the northern end of the bayou. Cypress becomes less abundant and more scattered moving north to south. Water Tupelo are also present. Floating vegetation includes duckweed, water hyacinth and eichhornia crassipes. Submerged vegetation includes coontail, fanwort, elodea and southern naiad. Bayou Desiard Bayou Desiard is a bayou in Ouachita Parish, Louisiana and Morehouse Parish, Louisiana. The bayou receives inflow from Bayou Bartholomew (Bartholomew Lake), Black Bayou Lake and Mill Bayou and flows through downtown Monroe, Louisiana and the campus of the University of Louisiana at Monroe. The Bayou Desiard Bridge crosses the bayou in Monroe. Originally,",
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},
{
"title": "Stephanie Patton",
"text": "New York City, she returned to Louisiana in 2001 and currently lives and works in Lafayette, Louisiana. She has co-curated many exhibits at the Acadiana Center for the Arts in Lafayette, Louisiana with curator Brian Guidry. Patton has shown her work nationally and internationally including shows at the Bronx Museum of the Arts in the Bronx, New York, and in New Orleans at the Ogden Museum of Southern Art, Louisiana ArtWorks, the Contemporary Arts Center (New Orleans), the Arthur Roger Gallery, the McNay Art Museum in San Antonio, Texas, and the Galerie Patricia Dorfmann in Paris, France, among others. She",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "16482851",
"score": "0.91573644",
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},
{
"title": "Carpenters Bayou",
"text": "near San Felipe de Austin. He was a blacksmith, and a single man at the time of the grant. He may have died as early as 1828, the apparent year that Noah Smithwick bought his blacksmith's outfit in San Felipe. Carpenters Bayou Carpenters Bayou rises at the south end of Sheldon Reservoir in southeastern Harris County , Texas, USA, and runs southeast for about twelve miles until it joins Buffalo Bayou at the San Jacinto Battleground State Historic Site . The bayou's name commemorates David Carpenter, born ca. 1800, who was a partner of William Harris as one of Stephen",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "10335934",
"score": "0.9147876",
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},
{
"title": "Cypress Lake (Lafayette, Louisiana)",
"text": "of the cypress grove, pawing and stomping at the ground. Eventually a depression in the ground formed from the bison. The grove, called a \"trou de taureau\" in Cajun French, or “bull hole,” began to retain water and form a pond. UL (est. 1898) grew up around the pond. Initially the university fenced it in to use as a pig pen and feeding area for its instructional farm. In the early 1920s, the pig pen was drained to return the 63 cypress trees into the newly named \"Cypress Grove\". The university used the grove as an open-air theater for Shakespearean",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7495652",
"score": "0.91446793",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Historic Jefferson Railway",
"text": "eye-candy along the railway's track is among the most beautiful in the nation. Roughly 90% of the trip is along the Big Cypress Bayou, affording views of the slow-moving water and thousands of bald cypress trees. Magnolia, sweetgum, pine, oak, maple, redbud, and dogwood trees line the track, with the train under the forest canopy for most of the ride. The sights, smells, and sounds of the woods are experienced by the passengers in the train's open coaches. During special times of year, an enclosed coach is provided. Wildlife is abundant on the railway property. Approximately 60% of trips include",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13935506",
"score": "0.91284025",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Kisatchie National Forest",
"text": "the banks of Saline Bayou and is a put-in/take-out point for boating or canoeing. Approximately of Saline Bayou was designated a National Wild and Scenic River because of its unique qualities. Bald cypress and other hardwood grow along the banks, often reflected in the bayou's quiet water. Hikers can use The Dogwood Interpretive Trail, sponsored by the ARRP. The Kisatchie National Forest Heritage program is a program responsible for protecting archaeological sites and historic structures on the forest, including several Civilian Conservation Corps structures dating to the 1930s and 1940s such as Gum Springs Recreation Area. The Heritage program is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4627607",
"score": "0.911373",
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}
] |
{
"title": "Spanish moss",
"long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) is an epiphytic flowering plant that often grows upon larger trees in tropical and subtropical climates, native to much of Mexico, Bermuda, the Bahamas, Central America, South America, the southern United States, and the West Indies as well as being naturalized in Queensland (Australia) known as \"grandpas beard\" and in French Polynesia. In the United States from where it is most known, it is commonly found on the southern live oak (Quercus virginiana) and bald-cypress (Taxodium distichum) in the lowlands, swamps, and savannas of the southeastern United States from Texas and Florida north through southern Arkansas.",
"short_answers": [
"Spanish moss"
]
}
|
who wrote the song would i lie to you
|
[
"Peter Vale",
"Mike Leeson"
] |
[
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"text": "rumbling Hammond organ fills, and an insinuating, live drum beat.\" Irish DJ and producer John Gibbons released a cover of the song titled \"Would I Lie to You\". Gibbons co-produced the song with Colin Hanley, while Wez Clarke mixed the track with mastering from Nick Bennett. It was released for digital download on August 12, 2016. French DJs David Guetta and Cedric Gervais, and American singer Chris Willis released a cover of the song titled \"Would I Lie to You\". It was released to digital download through Jack Back Records, Parlophone, and Warner Music Group on September 30, 2016. Would",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8881285",
"score": "1.1489618",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song)",
"text": "Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song) \"Would I Lie to You?\" is a 1985 song written and recorded by the British pop duo Eurythmics. Released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album \"Be Yourself Tonight\", the song was the first by the duo to feature their change in musical direction from a predominantly synthpop style to rock and rhythm and blues. The song, and its accompanying album, featured a full backing band and relied less on electronic programming. Lyrically, the song features Lennox confronting a cheating lover as she leaves him for good. This was conveyed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8269324",
"score": "1.0853242",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song)",
"text": "song by members of the cast. <nowiki>*</nowiki> this version although labelled as \"LP Version\" is an alternate mix of the song released on the album \"Be Yourself Tonight\" Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song) \"Would I Lie to You?\" is a 1985 song written and recorded by the British pop duo Eurythmics. Released as the lead single from the band's fourth studio album \"Be Yourself Tonight\", the song was the first by the duo to feature their change in musical direction from a predominantly synthpop style to rock and rhythm and blues. The song, and its accompanying album, featured",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8269327",
"score": "1.0787797",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (game show)",
"text": "Would I Lie to You? (game show) Would I Lie to You? is a British comedy panel show aired on BBC One, made by Zeppotron for the BBC. It was first broadcast on 16 June 2007. It is hosted by Rob Brydon and stars David Mitchell and Lee Mack as the team captains. The show was presented by Angus Deayton in 2007 and 2008, and by Rob Brydon (who had appeared as a guest panellist in the second series) from 2009 onwards. The team captains are comedians David Mitchell and Lee Mack. As revealed by Lee Mack on \"\" on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10293633",
"score": "1.0619569",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)",
"text": "Cassette single US Promo Maxi CD single European CD single #1 European CD single #2 The Doris Dragović's song \"Šakom o stol\" sounds like the Meat Loaf's song \"I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth). I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth) \"I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)\" is a song composed and written by Diane Warren, and recorded by Meat Loaf and Patti Russo. The song was released in 1995 as the first single from the album \"Welcome to the Neighbourhood\". The single release reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom and No. 13 in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11064022",
"score": "1.0572906",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)",
"text": "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth) \"I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)\" is a song composed and written by Diane Warren, and recorded by Meat Loaf and Patti Russo. The song was released in 1995 as the first single from the album \"Welcome to the Neighbourhood\". The single release reached No. 2 in the United Kingdom and No. 13 in the United States. The music video for \"I'd Lie for You\" was directed by Howard Greenhalgh and photographed by Daniel Pearl. The storyline appears to start out as a continuation of the \"I'd Do Anything for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11064018",
"score": "1.0566288",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song)",
"text": "in the music video for the single, in which actor Steven Bauer played the part of the boyfriend. The video was directed by Mary Lambert and was shown heavily on MTV. The front and back cover photos, and the inner cover art of the \"Be Yourself Tonight\" album are screenshots from the music video. \"Would I Lie to You?\" is one of Eurythmics' most recognised tunes and continued the band's run of hit singles. In the UK, the song peaked at number 17, while it went to number five on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Hot 100, becoming their third Top 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8269325",
"score": "1.0220317",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"text": "in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The single became a Top 20 hit in the US, peaking at number 13 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100 and it enjoyed award-winning sales, earning a platinum record in the UK, a gold record in both Germany and Austria and silver record award in France. The songwriters, Leeson and Vale, received the 1992 Ivor Novello award for Best Song Musically and Lyrically. \"Billboard\" wrote about the song: \"Male duo is quickly picking up pop radio adds with this delightful twirl into retro-R&B territory. Rich lead vocals are supported by Motown-styled harmonies,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8881284",
"score": "1.0208306",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Eurythmics song)",
"text": "hit in the U.S. Furthermore, it is the duo's biggest ever hit in Australia, where it topped the singles chart for two weeks. It was used in the trailer for the film \"Liar Liar\". This song is featured in the 2009 film \"The Informant!\" starring Matt Damon, and as the theme song to the 2012 TV series \"\". It is also featured in the 1986 film \"One Crazy Summer\" with John Cusack. The premiere episode of the second season of the American TV series \"Drop Dead Diva\" is named after the song. The episode also features a cover of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8269326",
"score": "1.016833",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"text": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Why'd You Lie to Me",
"text": "video of this single and a new music video of \"\"I Thought I Told You That\"\". The song was covered by \"Operación Triunfo\" series six finalist Noelia. She sang the song live on May 27, 2008 when the gala show took place. She was nominated by the panel for eviction, but was saved by the teachers. The song is also used as the fanfare to introduce \"The Lie of the Day\" segment on \"The Laura Ingraham Radio Show\". UK single 1 UK single 2 Cassette France Europe Australia Why'd You Lie to Me \"Why'd You Lie to Me\" is a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8070774",
"score": "0.9963709",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (game show)",
"text": "It won the award twice in a row at the 2013 and 2014 ceremonies. The programme was nominated for its first BAFTA in 2014, for the category \"Comedy and Comedy Entertainment Programme\", losing to \"A League of Their Own\". It was nominated again in the same category the following year, but lost to \"The Graham Norton Show\"; it went on to receive a third nomination at the 2016 awards. The coloured backgrounds denote the result of each of the series: Would I Lie to You? (game show) Would I Lie to You? is a British comedy panel show aired on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10293642",
"score": "0.98054093",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "John Gibbons (DJ)",
"text": "pop-R&B hit \"Would I Lie to You?\", making an electro-house version of the song. It was mixed and mastered by Nick Bennett and Wez Clarke. It reached number 34 in his native Ireland and 53 in the UK, achieving Certified Silver status in the UK. Gibbons' single, \"P.Y.T. (Pretty Young Thing)\", released in April 2017, uses vocals from the Michael Jackson track of the same name, which originally appeared on Jackson's \"Thriller\" album. It charted at No. 48 in the UK (spending 12 weeks on the UK Singles Chart) and No. 21 in Ireland, as well as No. 12 on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20073267",
"score": "0.979241",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "If I Could Tell You (song)",
"text": "composers' dispute in 1940 caused it to be temporarily banned from use by the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP). To replace it, Mrs. Firestone wrote \"If I Could Tell You\" which became even more popular. \"If I Could Tell You\" has received a number of commercial recordings. It is most identified with the singers Richard Crooks and Eleanor Steber, who served as frequent hosts on the Firestone program in the 1940s and 1950s, respectively. Crooks and Steber both recorded the song for RCA Victor. In 1995, tenor John Aler included it in an album of 20th-century ballads",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14671520",
"score": "0.9718443",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Charles & Eddie",
"text": "cancer; he succumbed to the disease on April 6, 2001, at the age of 37. Charles & Eddie Charles & Eddie were an American soul music duo composed of Charles Pettigrew and Eddie Chacon. They are primarily known for their single \"Would I Lie to You?\", taken from their 1992 debut album, \"Duophonic\". The song won Ivor Novello Awards in 1993 in the Best Contemporary Song, Best Selling Song and International Hit of the Year categories. Pettigrew and Chacon were rumored to have met on the New York City Subway in 1990. They released their debut album, \"Duophonic\", on Capitol",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9380210",
"score": "0.9675356",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Canela Cox",
"text": "Canela Cox Canela (pronounced Kuh-NAY-luh) is an American R&B singer and songwriter. She is best known in the mixtape circuit for her DJ Clue-remixed song, \"Sponsor\", and for co-writing Anastacia's worldwide top 20 hit, \"Why'd You Lie to Me\". She once recorded an album in 2001, however it was shelved after her label folded. Canela Cox was born in Los Angeles, California. She moved to Amsterdam (Holland, Europe) at the age of 14 where her mother, a former Diana Ross' background vocalist, Rocq-E Harrell performed as an R&B singer and recording artist. Upon moving back to the United States at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7998042",
"score": "0.9659578",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Charles & Eddie",
"text": "Charles & Eddie Charles & Eddie were an American soul music duo composed of Charles Pettigrew and Eddie Chacon. They are primarily known for their single \"Would I Lie to You?\", taken from their 1992 debut album, \"Duophonic\". The song won Ivor Novello Awards in 1993 in the Best Contemporary Song, Best Selling Song and International Hit of the Year categories. Pettigrew and Chacon were rumored to have met on the New York City Subway in 1990. They released their debut album, \"Duophonic\", on Capitol Records in 1992. It includes the singles \"Would I Lie to You?\", \"N.Y.C.\" and \"House",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9380207",
"score": "0.9640602",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (game show)",
"text": "19 September 2014, Alan Carr was a team captain in the pilot but subsequently turned down an offer to appear on later shows. For each show, two celebrity guests join each of the team captains. The teams compete as each player reveals unusual facts and embarrassing personal tales for the evaluation of the opposing team. Some of these are true; some are not, and it is the panellists’ task to decide which is which. The first series was recorded at Fountain Studios in Wembley during March and April 2007, and aired at 21:55 between 16 June and 28 July 2007",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10293634",
"score": "0.96021986",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)",
"text": "Love (But I Won't Do That)\" video, beginning with the same motorcycle ride into the sunset from the end of \"I'd Do Anything…,\" but quickly morphs into a big budget concept piece that borrows heavily from the Indiana Jones films series. Meat Loaf and the girl companion continue riding into the desert, now inexplicably pursued by a helicopter, while being simultaneously observed by a chiseled-looking Indiana Jones-type \"action hero\" and a foreign military despot (played by Xander Berkley). The motorcycle riders then abruptly vanish, only to reappear in the camp of the relic hunter who has recently discovered an ancient",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11064019",
"score": "0.95493424",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Si Te Pudiera Mentir",
"text": "Hot Latin Tracks peaked within the top ten of the chart. Musicians Production Si Te Pudiera Mentir Si Te Pudiera Mentir (\"If I could lie to you\") is the title of a studio album released by Spanish performer Rocío Dúrcal on June 23, 1990 by BMG Ariola. Written and produced by Mexican singer-songwriter Marco Antonio Solís, this would be the second and last album produced by Solís for the singer. Seven singles were released from \"Si Te Pudiera Mentir\". Its lead single \"Te Amo\" peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks component chart. the follow-up singles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17565867",
"score": "0.9402486",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Closer to the Truth (Cher album)",
"text": "that the album's working title was \"Closer to the Truth\". The track list includes \"Lie to Me\" and \"I Walk Alone\", both written by pop star Pink, and one featuring her vocals; \"Take It Like a Man\" featuring Jake Shears; and a song written by Cher and Shirley Eikhard called \"Lovers Forever\". Originally intended for the soundtrack of the 1994 film \"Interview with the Vampire\", it was recorded by Eikhard for her 2005 album \"Pop\", and has been produced for \"Closer to the Truth\" by Mark Taylor. Cher worked with hip-hop producer Timbaland on \"I Don't Have to Sleep to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17376644",
"score": "0.93823254",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "David Guetta",
"text": "followed by a remix pack on 8 July. On 15 April 2016, Guetta released a single with Disciples, titled \"No Worries\". Later, on 16 May 2016, saw Guetta released an extended mix of his song \"Pelican\" on his label Jack Back Records. On 30 September 2016, Guetta released a new single with Cedric Gervais and Chris Willis named \"Would I Lie to You\" on his label Jack Back Records. The song interpolates the vocals/lyrics of the 1992 Charles & Eddie hit \"Would I Lie to You?\". 2016 also saw Guetta collaborate with German DJ Robin Schulz on the third single",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6162821",
"score": "0.9369654",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)",
"text": "mask. The 'hero' type (played by Brett Cullen, an actor who has sung backup for Meat Loaf) immediately takes interest in Meat Loaf's girl (Dana Patrick back from the previous video, lip-syncing this time to vocals supplied by Patti Russo), and she in him. What follows is standard adventure mayhem and clichéd perilous situations featuring lots of vehicle chases, and large explosions, while Meat Loaf alternates between playing the hero's sidekick, and singing to his beautiful love interest of his devotion from afar, as the other man seduces her. The heroine even sings her lines to the other man. In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11064020",
"score": "0.9361483",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Chris Willis",
"text": "on iTunes. An eight-song EP entitled \"Premium – Songs From The Love Ship, Vol. 1\" was released on November 29, 2011 and features several of his solo singles Chris Willis Christopher Willis (born February 26, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter and record producer. Although initially a gospel singer, he later received international attention for his collaborations with house music artist David Guetta, including the songs \"Just a Little More Love\", \"Love Don't Let Me Go, \"Love Is Gone\", \"Tomorrow Can Wait\", \"Everytime We Touch\" (with Steve Angello and Sebastian Ingrosso), \"Would I Lie to You\" (with Cedric Gervais) and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11974310",
"score": "0.93548465",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "If I Could Tell You (song)",
"text": "recorded by Delos Records. If I Could Tell You (song) \"If I Could Tell You\" is a popular American song composed in 1940 by Idabelle Firestone to words by Madeleine Marshall. Idabelle Firestone was the wife of the industrialist Harvey Firestone. An accomplished songwriter, she composed \"If I Could Tell You\" as the opening theme for the radio, and later television, music program \"The Voice of Firestone\". The show was sponsored by her husband's company, Firestone Tires. An earlier song by Idabelle Firestone, \"In My Garden\", was used as the program's closing theme. \"In My Garden\" had been the program's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14671521",
"score": "0.9334891",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Meat Loaf",
"text": "to the Neighbourhood\". The album went platinum in the United States and the United Kingdom. It released three singles that hit the top 40, including \"I'd Lie for You\" (which reached No. 13 in the United States and No. 2 in the United Kingdom charts), and \"Not a Dry Eye in the House\" (which reached No. 7 in the UK charts). \"I'd Lie for You (And That's the Truth)\" was a duet with Patti Russo, who had been touring with Meat Loaf and singing on his albums since 1993. Of the twelve songs on the album, two are written by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "279182",
"score": "0.9304857",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Hang It Out to Dry!",
"text": "Louisiana (not to be confused with the better known group from Minneapolis–Saint Paul) are featured on two numbers, \"Ain't Gonna Cheat on Me\" and the brutally honest \"You Were Telling Lies\". Frank Ventura & The Crescents \"raunchify\" the Mersey beat influences displayed in \"Pain\". \"Lily\" is a moody and brooding rocker by Yuba City, California's Drusalee & the Dead, who rode in the decommissioned funeral livery customary of so many bands of the time and had printed on their business card the motto \"Have Hearse, Will Travel\" (a pun on Richard Berry's song, later covered by the Sonics). Bud &",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19303679",
"score": "0.9278238",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Rick Fenn",
"text": "and win him an A.S.C.A.P. award for best song in 1984. In 1985 Fenn wrote and recorded his own album \"Profiles\" with The Pink Floyd’s drummer Nick Mason. The single from the album, \"Lie for a Lie\" sung by David Gilmour and featuring Maggie Reilly was a hit in the U.S.A. Also in the 1980s Fenn and Mason formed Bamboo Music, a company that produced music jingles for corporate clients. Over the years he has toured with artists such as Rick Wakeman, Jack Bruce, Elkie Brooks and Wax (with Andrew Gold and Graham Gouldman). As a guitarist, he has recorded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8853501",
"score": "0.9188862",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Si Te Pudiera Mentir",
"text": "Si Te Pudiera Mentir Si Te Pudiera Mentir (\"If I could lie to you\") is the title of a studio album released by Spanish performer Rocío Dúrcal on June 23, 1990 by BMG Ariola. Written and produced by Mexican singer-songwriter Marco Antonio Solís, this would be the second and last album produced by Solís for the singer. Seven singles were released from \"Si Te Pudiera Mentir\". Its lead single \"Te Amo\" peaked at number 5 on the US \"Billboard\" Hot Latin Tracks component chart. the follow-up singles \"La Balanza\",'\"Falso\" and \"A Qué Me Quedo Contigo\" enjoyed moderate success on the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17565866",
"score": "0.91586614",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "If I Thought You'd Ever Change Your Mind",
"text": "If I Thought You'd Ever Change Your Mind \"If I Thought You'd Ever Change Your Mind\" is a song that was originally performed by Edwards Hand, written by John Cameron. In 1969, it was recorded by Cilla Black, produced by George Martin and her version reached Number 20 in the UK charts and Number 19 in Ireland. In 1970, Sammy Babitzin recorded a cover version in Finnish. In 2004, it was covered by Agnetha Fältskog of ABBA and was the first single from her ninth solo album, and her first single release in 17 years. Her recording reached number two",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8147591",
"score": "0.9151211",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Would I Lie to You? (Charles & Eddie song)",
"long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The single became a Top 20 hit in the US, peaking at number 13 on the Billboard Hot 100 and it enjoyed award-winning sales, earning a platinum record in the UK, a gold record in both Germany and Austria and silver record award in France.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Would I Lie to You?\" is an R&B song by American duo Charles & Eddie. Written by Mike Leeson and Peter Vale and produced by Josh Deutsch, \"Would I Lie to You?\" was the debut single by the pop-soul duo, and it proved to be their biggest hit. A major international success, it reached number one on the UK Singles Chart for two weeks in November 1992, and was also number one in New Zealand, Germany and Austria. It was a top five hit in several other European countries while in Australia and Canada it went to number 3. The",
"short_answers": [
"Mike Leeson",
"Peter Vale"
]
}
|
number of films in lord of the rings
|
[
"three"
] |
[
{
"title": "Andy Serkis",
"text": "Andy Serkis Andrew Clement Serkis (born 20 April 1964) is an English actor and film director. He is best known for his performance capture roles comprising motion capture acting, animation and voice work for such computer-generated characters as Gollum in \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001–2003) and \"\" (2012), King Kong in the eponymous 2005 film, Caesar in the \"Planet of the Apes\" reboot series (2011–17), Captain Haddock / Sir Francis Haddock in Steven Spielberg's \"The Adventures of Tintin\" (2011), and Supreme Leader Snoke in the first two \"Star Wars\" sequel trilogy films, \"\" (2015) and \"\" (2017).",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2417375",
"score": "1.0453207",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Vanessa Stacey",
"text": "hobbits at the 111th Birthday party of hobbit Bilbo Baggins, although her scenes were cut from the final film. In December 2001, she attended the London premiere of \"Fellowship of the Rings\" with Elijah Wood, Liv Tyler, Orlando Bloom and Ian McKellen. She later appeared on screen as a minor character in a scene with Frodo in the third and final part of the series \"\". Stacey spent the next two years teaching music and drama and working part-time as a hairdresser while in London. She also directed several television programs for the BBC before returning to New Zealand in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8608916",
"score": "1.0335197",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Hobbit (film series)",
"text": "Thomas joined the project as the character of Thrór, as did Mike Mizrahi as Thráin II. On 4 April 2011, Bret McKenzie was added to the cast as Lindir. His father Peter McKenzie played the role of Elendil in \"The Lord of the Rings\". On 22 April 2011, Jackson confirmed via Facebook that Ian Holm had been added to the cast as old Bilbo Baggins. During the early stages of pre-production, former director Guillermo del Toro indicated that he was interested in having Holm reprise the role of Bilbo, but acknowledged that he might be too old to take on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12007892",
"score": "1.0214012",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings (1978 film) The Lord of the Rings is a 1978 animated high fantasy film directed by Ralph Bakshi. It is an adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's high fantasy epic \"The Lord of the Rings\", comprising \"The Fellowship of the Ring\" and the first half of \"The Two Towers\". Set in Middle-earth, the film follows a group of hobbits, elves, men, dwarves, and wizards who form a fellowship. They embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring made by the Dark Lord Sauron, and ensure his destruction. Ralph Bakshi encountered Tolkien's writing early in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2393159",
"score": "1.0160627",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Martin Hannett",
"text": "Records and The Haçienda nightclub. In the DVD commentary, Wilson notes a review that described Hannett as Serkis' \"strangest role\" and points out that Serkis is best known for his portrayal of Gollum in Peter Jackson's \"The Lord of the Rings\" trilogy. Wilson concludes that the reviewer's implication is correct, that indeed, Hannett was far stranger than the \"Lord of the Rings\" character. Hannett was portrayed by Ben Naylor in Anton Corbijn's film \"Control\" (2007). Martin Hannett James Martin Hannett (31 May 1948 – 18 April 1991), initially credited as Martin Zero, was an English record producer and an original",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1562477",
"score": "1.0157502",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Hobbit (film series)",
"text": "in the earlier films.\" McCoy, the former \"Doctor Who\" star, who appeared alongside McKellen in a Royal Shakespeare Company's King Lear, was confirmed to be in negotiations to play a major role as a \"wizard\" in October 2010, leading to speculation he could appear as Radagast the Brown. During the production of \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy, McCoy had been contacted about playing the role of Bilbo and was kept in place as a potential Bilbo for six months before Jackson went with Ian Holm. On the casting of Persbrandt, Jackson was quoted as saying, \"The role of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12007886",
"score": "1.0113852",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Cinema of New Zealand",
"text": "(1989). He was eventually noticed by Hollywood, and in the 2000s directed \"The Lord of the Rings\" series. Although made with mainly foreign funding (helped by a tax break from the New Zealand government) and featuring a primarily international cast, Jackson filmed the movies in New Zealand, using a largely Kiwi production crew, helping create an enormous skill base in the New Zealand film industry. This has led to a number of prominent Hollywood films being made in New Zealand, with major international productions not only filming there but also using the country's various post-production facilities and special effects companies.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "792660",
"score": "1.0073622",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Andy Serkis",
"text": "director Mike Leigh's ensemble for two film productions, and appeared in the romantic comedy \"Loop\" (1997) alongside Susannah York. Serkis first came to wide public notice for his performance as Sméagol / Gollum, in \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001–2003), for which he provided motion capture movements and voice for the CGI character. His work on \"The Lord of the Rings\" started a debate on the legitimacy of CGI-assisted acting. Some critics felt Serkis should have been nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, since his voice, body language, and facial expressions were used. Serkis has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2417382",
"score": "1.0057305",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Miranda Otto",
"text": "also appeared in the BBC adaptation of Anthony Trollope's \"The Way We Live Now\", as a strong-willed American Southerner determined to manipulate Cillian Murphy's character into marrying her. In 1999, Otto was cast as Éowyn in \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy, after Uma Thurman turned down the role. Director Peter Jackson cast her immediately after viewing the audition video she had filmed in Australia. For the role, Otto spent six weeks learning stunt choreography and horseback riding. Otto's character was introduced in the trilogy's second film \"\" in 2002 and appeared in the third film, \"\", the following",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2564388",
"score": "1.0026526",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Liv Tyler",
"text": "Liv Tyler Liv Rundgren Tyler (born Liv Rundgren; July 1, 1977) is an American actress, producer, and former model. She is best known for her portrayal of Arwen Undómiel in the \"Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001–03). Tyler began a career in modeling at age 14. She later decided to focus on acting, and made her film debut in \"Silent Fall\" (1994). She went on to achieve critical recognition with roles in \"Heavy\", \"Empire Records\" (both 1995), \"That Thing You Do!\", and \"Stealing Beauty\" (both 1996). She then appeared in films such as \"Inventing the Abbotts\" (1997), \"Armageddon\" (1998),",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12247187",
"score": "0.9984826",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Principal photography of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"text": "was during this time shooting became focused on the battle of Amon Hen. Sean Bean began filming in November for most of his scenes. A Christmas break followed, and filming resumed on January 17. Ian McKellen, fresh from filming \"X-Men\", arrived to film scenes in Hobbiton and the Grey Havens. McKellen did not become that close to the lead Hobbit actors, as he generally worked with their scale doubles, but when Christopher Lee arrived in February, they became very friendly. Shooting the fight sequence in the Orthanc interiors, without air conditioning (for atmosphere) but with heavy wigs and robes, was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9648995",
"score": "0.9974108",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Production design of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"text": "Most extensive was John Rhys-Davies as Gimli, who would spend four-and-a-half hours in the morning to apply Dwarven prosthetics. Gino Acevedo also worked on creating realistic skin tones for the actors, such as Bernard Hill's possessed Théoden and a younger Bilbo. Peter(s) King and Owen also led the make-up department in making numerous wigs and creating general dirt on the actors. As well as applying make-up, at the end of the day there was an hour of carefully removing the make-up and prosthetics. As well as the prosthetics, there were also numerous corpses of actors and horses. Weta's first completed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9194822",
"score": "0.99712014",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Orlando Bloom",
"text": "a small role, as a rent boy, in the 1997 film \"Wilde\". Two days after graduating from Guildhall in 1999, he was cast in his first major role, playing Legolas in \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001–2003). He had originally auditioned for the part of Faramir, who does not appear until the second movie, but the director, Peter Jackson, cast him as Legolas instead. While shooting a scene, he broke a rib after falling off a horse, but eventually recovered and continued shooting. At the same time, Bloom also played a brief role in Ridley Scott's war film",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9611411",
"score": "0.9959285",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Elijah Wood",
"text": "Baggins in \"\", the first installment of director Peter Jackson's adaptation of J. R. R. Tolkien's multi-volume novel. This gave Wood top billing as Baggins, alongside a cast that included Ian McKellen, Liv Tyler, Orlando Bloom, Cate Blanchett, Christopher Lee, Sean Bean, Sean Astin, Billy Boyd, Dominic Monaghan, Viggo Mortensen, and John Rhys-Davies. The \"Lord of the Rings\" trilogy was filmed in New Zealand, in a process taking more than one year for principal photography alone, with pick-up shots occurring annually for the next four years. Before the cast left the country, Jackson gave Wood two gifts: one of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1419403",
"score": "0.9950247",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Liv Tyler",
"text": "this amalgam of female perfection.\" In 2001, she starred in the feature film \"\", directed by Peter Jackson. She played the Elf maiden Arwen Undómiel. The film is based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Lord of the Rings\". The filmmakers approached Tyler after seeing her performance in \"Plunkett & Macleane\". She learned to speak the fictitious Elvish language that was created by Tolkien. Mick LaSalle of the \"San Francisco Chronicle\" noted that Tyler's performance was \"lovely and earnest\". A year later, Tyler again starred as Arwen in \"\", the second installment of the series. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12247205",
"score": "0.99471426",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Principal photography of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"text": "and Short of It\". Notable scenes filmed in the pick-ups included \"The Two Towers\" Extended Edition's flashback with Boromir, and the reshot Witch-king scenes with his new helmet design for \"The Return of the King\", the latter with improved Orc designs and the new character of Gothmog, and reshot of Aragorn and Arwen kissing at the coronation scene in \"The Return of the King\". Théoden's last scene was reshot just after he finished; Bernard Hill was still in New Zealand. Andy Serkis also had to re-shoot a Mount Doom scene in Jackson's house during post-production. The final and only pick-up",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9649002",
"score": "0.9933605",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Ian Holm",
"text": "a 1981 BBC Radio adaptation of \"The Lord of the Rings\". He reappeared in the trilogy in \"\" (2003), for which he shared a SAG award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture. He reprised his role as the elder Bilbo Baggins in the movie \"\" and \"\". Martin Freeman portrayed the young Bilbo Baggins in those films. Holm has been nominated for an Emmy Award twice, for a PBS broadcast of a National Theatre production of \"King Lear\", in 1999; and for a supporting role in the HBO film \"The Last of the Blonde Bombshells\" opposite",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1467465",
"score": "0.9926099",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Middle-earth in film",
"text": "first film was released on 14 December 2012, the second was released on 13 December 2013, and the third was released on 17 December 2014. The films star Martin Freeman as Bilbo Baggins, Richard Armitage as Thorin Oakenshield and Benedict Cumberbatch as Smaug. Several actors from \"The Lord of the Rings\" reprised their roles, including Ian McKellen, Andy Serkis, Hugo Weaving, Cate Blanchett, Christopher Lee, Ian Holm, Elijah Wood and Orlando Bloom. Also returning for the production were a big part of the production crew; among others, illustrators John Howe and Alan Lee, art director Dan Hennah and cinematographer Andrew",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16199678",
"score": "0.99190974",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King",
"text": "farewells for the cast and crew. The film has the most extensive list of re-shoots given for the trilogy. Jackson took his time to re-shoot Aragorn's coronation, rushed into a single day under second unit director Geoff Murphy on 21 December 2000. Jackson also re-shot scenes in and around Mount Doom, and Théoden's death, right after Bernard Hill was meant to wrap. There was also the new character of Gothmog. This was a major new design addition for the film, as Jackson felt the Mordor Orcs were \"pathetic\" compared to the Uruk-hai of the second film after watching assembly cuts,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1489826",
"score": "0.991747",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)",
"text": "heavy snow, and they are forced into Moria. There, they are attacked by orcs, and Gandalf falls into an abyss while battling a balrog. The remaining Fellowship continue through the elf-haven Lothlórien, where they meet the elf queen Galadriel (Annette Crosbie). Boromir tries to take the Ring from Frodo, and Frodo decides to continue his quest alone; but Sam insists on accompanying him. Boromir is killed by orcs while trying to defend Merry and Pippin. They are captured by the orcs, who intend to take them to Isengard through the land of Rohan. The hobbits escape and flee into Fangorn",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2393166",
"score": "0.99026895",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Ngila Dickson",
"text": "of the Ring\" (2002) and \"Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King\" (2004). She and Richard Taylor won a BAFTA for \"Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers\" (2003). She won the Costume Designers Guild Award for \"Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King\" (2004) Dickson is married to Hamish Keith. She was awarded Officer of the Order of New Zealand 2004. Ngila Dickson Ngila Dickson, ONZM (born 1958) is a costume designer from New Zealand. Her most notable work is in \"\" and \"\", both of which were filmed in New Zealand, as well as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2727851",
"score": "0.990213",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"text": "a quest to destroy the One Ring, and thus ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron. The Fellowship eventually splits up and Frodo continues the quest together with his loyal companion Sam (Sean Astin) and the treacherous Gollum (Andy Serkis). Meanwhile, Aragorn (Viggo Mortensen), heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, Legolas, Gimli, Merry, Pippin, and the wizard Gandalf (Ian McKellen) unite to rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring. The series was received with overwhelming praise and was a major financial success, with the films collectively being among the highest-grossing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2460942",
"score": "0.988518",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Frodo Baggins",
"text": "Bilbo in the same company's adaptation of \"The Hobbit\". In the 1981 BBC radio serial of \"The Lord of the Rings\", Frodo is played by Ian Holm, who later played Bilbo in Peter Jackson's film adaptation of \"The Lord of the Rings\". In the 1993 television miniseries \"Hobitit\" by Finnish broadcaster Yle, Frodo is played by Taneli Mäkelä. In \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001-2003) directed by Peter Jackson, Frodo is played by American actor Elijah Wood. Dan Timmons writes in the Mythopoeic Society's \"Tolkien on Film: Essays on Peter Jackson’s The Lord of the Rings\" (Mythopoeic Press,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13447366",
"score": "0.98778856",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Dean Wright",
"text": "Peter O'Toole and Eva Longoria. \"Cristiada\" was released in 2012. Dean Wright Dean Wright (born May 15, 1962) is a film director and visual effects supervisor, best known for his work on \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy and \"\". Michigan-born Wright enrolled at the University of Arizona film school to pursue a career as a filmmaker. Relocating to Los Angeles in 1989, he landed work with one of the industry's most prominent director's, James Cameron, on the groundbreaking project \"\". The film's success propelled Wright into larger production rolls in a variety of capacities alongside acclaimed filmmakers. He",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12754605",
"score": "0.9877319",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Aragorn",
"text": "the 1981 BBC Radio serial of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Kari Väänänen portrayed him in the 1993 Finnish television miniseries \"Hobitit\". In the \"Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy (2001–2003) directed by Peter Jackson, Aragorn is played by Danish-American actor Viggo Mortensen who took over the role from Stuart Townsend after four days of shooting because Jackson felt Townsend was too young for the role. In these movies, Aragorn begins his journey with the Fellowship with no desire to claim the kingship; he only arrives at such a decision in the third film after spending much time battling his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13447067",
"score": "0.98686093",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Lawrence Makoare",
"text": "Lawrence Makoare Lawrence Makoare (born 20 November 1968) is a New Zealand Māori actor. Makoare was a road construction builder who drifted into acting after he accompanied a girlfriend to a drama class and was picked out by the teacher to perform because of his impressive height. He began his career performing as a stuntman. Makoare is best known for his roles in \"The Lord of the Rings\" and \"The Hobbit\" film trilogies. In \"\", he portrayed the Uruk-hai leader Lurtz, and in \"\", he portrayed the Witch-king of Angmar as well as Gothmog, the Orc commander at the Battle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5041966",
"score": "0.98661774",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring",
"text": "The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring is a 2001 epic fantasy adventure film directed by Peter Jackson based on the first volume of J. R. R. Tolkien's \"The Lord of the Rings\" (1954–1955). It is the first instalment in \"The Lord of the Rings series\", and was followed by \"\" (2002) and \"\" (2003), based on the second and third volumes of \"The Lord of the Rings\". Set in Middle-earth, the story tells of the Dark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker), who is seeking the One Ring.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1485874",
"score": "0.9834987",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Sala Baker",
"text": "of the Caribbean\" movies, \"\", \"Deadpool 2\", Braven, \"Sleepless\", and \"Mile 22\". Baker was also a part of the miscellaneous crew in the making of \"The Last Samurai\" in 2003. Sala Baker Sala Baker (born September 22, 1976) is an actor and stuntman from New Zealand. He is best known for portraying the villain Sauron in the Lord of the Rings trilogy by Peter Jackson. Sala Baker is a nephew of actor Ben Baker. Originally hired as one of several stunt performers for \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy, he ended up landing the part of the Dark Lord",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3745167",
"score": "0.98305726",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Principal photography of The Lord of the Rings film series",
"text": "mostly alone, though McKellen and Hill arrived on the first day for a few lines to help. Edoras exteriors were shot in October. The Ride of the Rohirrim, where Théoden leads the charge into the Orc army, was filmed in Twizel with 250 extras on horseback. The Battle of the Pelennor Fields has more extensive use of computer-generated imagery, in contrast to the more extensive use of live action in the Battle of Helm's Deep in the second film. Also filmed were scenes in Osgiliath, including attempts by Faramir to retake the city. At this point production was very hectic,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9649000",
"score": "0.9821335",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
}
] |
{
"title": "The Lord of the Rings (film series)",
"long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Lord of the Rings is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel The Lord of the Rings by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled The Fellowship of the Ring (2001), The Two Towers (2002) and The Return of the King (2003). They are a New Zealand-American venture produced by WingNut Films and The Saul Zaentz Company and distributed by New Line Cinema.",
"short_answers": [
"three"
]
}
|
is jaffa cakes a biscuit or a cake
|
[
"Cake",
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
] |
[
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "original desserts like halva parfait. Ma'amoul are small shortbread pastries filled with dates, pistachios or walnuts (or occasionally almonds, figs, or other fillings). Ozne Haman is a sweet yeast dough filled with crushed nuts, raisins, dried apricots, dates, halva or strawberry jam then oven baked. It is a specialty of Purim. The triangular shape may have been influenced by old illustrations of Haman, in which he wore a three-cornered hat Sunflower seeds, called \"garinim\" (literally, seeds), are eaten everywhere, on outings, at stadiums and at home. They are usually purchased unshelled and are cracked open with the teeth. They can",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301157",
"score": "1.1039174",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "popular in Israel and can be bought frozen in supermarkets. Jachnun is very thinly rolled dough, brushed with oil or fat and baked overnight at a very low heat. It is traditionally served with a crushed or grated tomato dip, hard boiled eggs and skhug. \"Malawach\" is a thin circle of dough toasted in a frying pan. \"Kubaneh\" is a yeast dough baked overnight and traditionally served on Shabbat morning. \"Lahoh\" is a spongy, pancake-like bread made of fermented flour and water, and fried in a pan. Jews from Ethiopia make a similar bread called \"injera\" from millet flour. Pita",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301154",
"score": "1.1007059",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "cafes, and are served at functions and celebrations, as well as being prepared by home cooks. They are often served as a light meal with hardboiled eggs and chopped vegetable salad. Ashkenazi Jews from Vienna and Budapest brought sophisticated pastry making traditions to Israel. Sacher torte and Linzer torte are sold at professional bakeries, but cheesecake and strudel are also baked at home. Jelly donuts (\"sufganiyot\"), traditionally filled with red jelly (jam), but also custard or dulce de leche, are eaten as Hanukkah treats. Tahini cookies are an Israeli origin cookies made of tahini, flour, butter and sugar and usually",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301151",
"score": "1.0949314",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "Haminados is an egg that is baked after being boiled it is baked alongside stew or meals, when it is in hamin when it is mainly taken outside the stew at morning for breakfast, it is also sometimes replaces normal egg at sabich. It is also eaten as a breakfast alongside jachnun, grated tomatoes and skhug. Israel is one of the world's leading fresh citrus producers and exporters, and more than forty types of fruit are grown in Israel, including citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruit, tangerines and the \"pomelit,\" a hybrid of a grapefruit and a pomelo, developed in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301145",
"score": "1.0940652",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Ka'ak",
"text": "alongside oven-baked eggs and falafel. Palestinians from Hebron to Jenin consider Jerusalem ka'ak to be a unique specialty good, and those from the city or visiting there often buy several loaves to give to others outside the city as a gift. In Lebanon, ka'ak bread rings are made of sweet dough rolled into ropes and formed into rings and topped with sesame seeds. Instead of za'atar, after baking, it is glazed with milk and sugar and then dried. Tunisian Jews also make a slightly sweet-and-salty version of the pastry, but don't use a yeast-based dough. In Egypt, usually at wedding",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11697212",
"score": "1.0923167",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Chocolate-coated marshmallow treats",
"text": "the dietary rules of Jewish law or (Halacha), some orthodox rabbis find significance to the order in which one eats a Krembo. The blessing over the biscuit is \"boreh miney mezonot\", whereas the blessing over the cream and chocolate is \"shehakol nihiyya bidvaro\". According to halacha, when eating a dish of mixed components, one need pronounce only the blessing over the main components, thus for a chocolate croissant one would say the blessing over the dough, and skip the blessing over the chocolate. But in the case of the Krembo, there is no consensus as to which is the \"main\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1750477",
"score": "1.0826464",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "as a snack or dessert alongside other items or by themselves. Fresh-squeezed fruit juices are prepared at street kiosks, and sold bottled in supermarkets. Various fruits are added to chicken or meat dishes and fresh fruit salad and compote are often served at the end of the meal. There is a strong tradition of home baking in Israel arising from the years when there were very few bakeries to meet demand. Many professional bakers came to Israel from Central Europe and founded local pastry shops and bakeries, often called \"konditoria\", thus shaping local tastes and preferences. There is now a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301148",
"score": "1.0808693",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "ethnic groups continue to bake traditional flat breads. Jews from the former Soviet republic of Georgia make the flatbread, \"lavash\". Baklava is a nut-filled phyllo pastry sweetened with syrup served at celebrations in Jewish communities who originated in the Middle East. It is also often served in restaurants as dessert, along with small cups of Turkish coffee. Kadaif is a pastry made from long thin noodle threads filled with walnuts or pistachios and sweetened with syrup; it is served alongside baklava. Halva is a sweet, made from tehina and sugar, and is popular in Israel. It is used to make",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301156",
"score": "1.0772164",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Jaffas",
"text": "Jaffas Jaffas are an Australian registered trademark for a small round sweet consisting of a soft chocolate centre with a hard covering of orange flavoured, red coloured confectionery. The name derives from the Jaffa orange. The sweet is part of both Australiana and Kiwiana. James Stedman-Henderson's Sweets Ltd, under their brand Sweetacres, released Jaffas onto the Australian and New Zealand markets in 1931. The confectionery is currently made in Australia by Allen's lollies, a division of Nestlé and in New Zealand by Cadbury. A number of Australian and New Zealand amateur sporting groups use \"Jaffas\" as a team name. In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "688887",
"score": "1.0617096",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Jaffa Cakes",
"text": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "beloved Israeli pastime. In modern times, Israel Independence Day is frequently celebrated with a picnic or barbecue in parks and forests around the country. Skewered Goose Liver is a dish from southern Tel Aviv. It is grilled with salt and black pepper and sometimes with spices like cumin or baharat spice mix. Chicken or lamb baked in the oven is very common with potatoes, and sometimes fried onions as well. Turkey schnitzel is an Israeli adaptation of veal schnitzel, and is an example of the transformations common in Israeli cooking. The schnitzel was brought to Israel by Jews from Central",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301136",
"score": "1.0538821",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Jaffas",
"text": "Dunedin, New Zealand every year a vast quantity of Jaffas is raced down Baldwin Street – the world's steepest residential street, according to the \"Guinness World Records\" – as part of the Cadbury Chocolate carnival, which is held in conjunction with the New Zealand International Science Festival. The initial number of 20,000 Jaffas has now been increased to 30,000 Jaffas. The Australian supermarket business Coles has a generic version called \"Choc Orange Balls\"; similar products are made by other manufacturers. Jaffas Jaffas are an Australian registered trademark for a small round sweet consisting of a soft chocolate centre with a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "688888",
"score": "1.0385386",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "be bought freshly roasted from shops and market stalls that specialize in nuts and seeds as well as packaged in supermarkets, along with the also well-liked pumpkin and watermelon seeds, pistachios, and sugar-coated peanuts. Bamba is a soft, peanut-flavored snack food that is a favorite of children, and Bissli is a crunchy snack made of deep-fried dry pasta, sold in various flavors, including BBQ, pizza, falafel and onion. \"Malabi\" is a creamy pudding originating from Turkey prepared with milk or almond milk (for a kosher version) and cornstarch. It is sold as a street food from carts or stalls, in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301158",
"score": "1.0381517",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Palestinian cuisine",
"text": "dough balls in dipped in syrup, is served. The dough is made from flour, yeast and water. A special pudding called \"meghli\" is prepared for a new born child, to celebrate new life. The dessert is made of ground rice, sugar and a mixture of spices, garnished with almonds, pine nuts and walnuts. Meghli is commonly made by Christian Palestinians during Christmas to celebtate the birth of the baby Jesus. An infant's new tooth is celebrated with bowls of sweetened wheat or barley and sweets served after a child's circumcision include baklava and \"Burma\". Christian families in mourning serve a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10209474",
"score": "1.0357114",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Hanukkah",
"text": "Polish, and Israeli families eat jam-filled doughnuts ( \"pontshkes\"), bimuelos (fritters) and sufganiyot which are deep-fried in oil. Hungarian Jews eat cheese pancakes known as \"cheese latkes\". Latkes are not popular in Israel, having been largely replaced by sufganiyot due to local economic factors, convenience and the influence of trade unions. Bakeries in Israel have popularized many new types of fillings for \"sufganiyot\" besides the traditional strawberry jelly filling, including chocolate cream, vanilla cream, caramel, cappuccino and others. In recent years, downsized, \"mini\" sufganiyot containing half the calories of the regular, 400-to-600-calorie version, have become popular. Rabbinic literature also records",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "95859",
"score": "1.030604",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "is an Israeli version of the traditional noodle pudding, kugel, made with caramelized sugar and spiced with black pepper. It was originally a specialty of the Ashkenazi Jews of the Old Yishuv. It is typically baked in a very low oven overnight and eaten after synagogue services on Sabbath morning. Bourekas are savory pastries brought to Israel by Jews from Turkey, the Balkans and Salonika. They are made of a flaky dough in a variety of shapes, frequently topped with sesame seeds, and are filled with meat, chickpeas, cheese, spinach, potatoes or mushrooms. Bourekas are sold at kiosks, supermarkets and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301150",
"score": "1.0296662",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "disposable cups with thick sweet syrup and various crunchy toppings such as chopped pistachios or coconut. Its popularity has resulted in supermarkets selling it in plastic packages and restaurants serving richer and more sophisticated versions using various toppings and garnishes such as berries and fruit. Sahlab is a similar dessert made from the powdered tubers of orchids and milk. Watermelon with Feta cheese salad is a popular dessert, sometimes mint is added to the salad. \"Krembo\" is a chocolate-coated marshmallow treat sold only in the winter, and is a very popular alternative to ice cream. It comes wrapped in colorful",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301159",
"score": "1.0290573",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "Purim",
"text": "type of blintz or waffle. Special breads are baked among various communities. In Moroccan Jewish communities, a Purim bread called \"ojos de Haman\" (\"eyes of Haman\") is sometimes baked in the shape of Haman's head, and the eyes, made of eggs, are plucked out to demonstrate the destruction of Haman. Among Polish Jews, \"koilitch\", a raisin Purim challah that is baked in a long twisted ring and topped with small colorful candies, is meant to evoke the colorful nature of the holiday. Iranian Jews and Mountain Jews consider themselves descendants of Esther. On Purim, Iranian Jews visit the tombs of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1592069",
"score": "1.025495",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Palestinian cuisine",
"text": "the tomatoes and cucumbers are chopped into cubes. Finely chopped parsley and mint give it a \"particular zest\" according to chef Ali Qleibo. A pinch of salt, the juice of a whole fresh lemon and several tablespoons of olive oil are used for final touch ups. Palestinian desserts include \"baklawa\", \"halawa\" and \"kanafeh\", as well as other semolina and wheat pastries. \"Baklawa\" is a pastry made of thin sheets of unleavened flour dough (phyllo), filled with pistachios and walnuts sweetened by honey. \"Burma Til-Kadayif\", or simply Burma, especially popular in East Jerusalem, has the same filling as baklawa, but is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10209458",
"score": "1.0243897",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
},
{
"title": "Palestinian cuisine",
"text": "sweet bun known as \"rahmeh\". It is a food eaten in remembrance of the dead and as a gesture of blessing the soul of the deceased person. The Greek Orthodox Church offer a special tray with cooked wheat covered with sugar and candy after a memorial service. Palestinian cuisine Palestinian cuisine consists of foods from or commonly eaten by Palestinians—which includes those living in Palestine, Jordan, refugee camps in nearby countries as well as by the Palestinian diaspora. The cuisine is a diffusion of the cultures of civilizations that settled in the region of Palestine, particularly during and after the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10209475",
"score": "1.0242925",
"original_retrieval_index": 44
},
{
"title": "Jewish cuisine",
"text": "made from inexpensive ingredients and contained no dairy products, compote became a staple dessert in Jewish households throughout Europe and was considered part of Jewish cuisine. Tzimmes consists generally of cooked vegetables or fruits, sometimes with meat added. The most popular vegetable is the carrot (\"mehren tzimes\"), which is sliced. Turnips were also used for tzimmes, particularly in Lithuania. In southern Russia, Galicia, and Romania tzimmes was made of pears, apples, figs, prunes or plums (\"floymn tzimes\"). Kreplach, similar to Russian pelmeni are ravioli-like dumplings made from flour and eggs mixed into a dough, rolled into sheets, cut into squares",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4291103",
"score": "1.0215516",
"original_retrieval_index": 47
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "and more sophisticated versions using various toppings and garnishes such as berries and fruit. Sahlab is a similar dessert made from the powdered tubers of orchids and milk. \"Sabikh\" is a traditional sandwich that Mizrahi Jews introduced to Israel and is sold at kiosks throughout the country, but especially in Ramat-Gan, where it was first introduced. Sabiḥ is a pita filled with fried eggplant, hardboiled egg, salad, tehina and pickles. \"Tunisian sandwich\" is usually made from a baguette with various fillings that may include tuna, egg, pickled lemon, salad, and fried hot green pepper. There are thousands of restaurants, casual",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301175",
"score": "1.020882",
"original_retrieval_index": 48
},
{
"title": "Challah",
"text": "with whole wheat, oat, or spelt flour or sugar with honey or molasses. Among Sephardic Jews, water challah is preferred for ritual purposes, because Sephardic minhag does not require the dough offering to be separated if the dough contains eggs or sugar. While breads very similar to Ashkenazi egg challah are found in Sephardic cuisine, they are typically not referred to as challah but considered variants of regional breads like çörek, eaten by Jews and non-Jews alike. Egg challah sometimes also contains raisins and/or saffron. After the first rising, the dough is rolled into rope-shaped pieces which are braided, though",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3931007",
"score": "1.0180418",
"original_retrieval_index": 50
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "common than in the central and the southern parts. Adding spices like za'atar, dried oregano or sumac and herbs like thyme, mint or scallions is common when preserving the Labneh balls. It is especially common to eat them during breakfast because meat is usually not eaten in the morning. Tzfat cheese, a white cheese in brine, similar to feta, was first produced by the Meiri dairy in Safed in 1837 and is still produced there by descendants of the original cheese makers. The Meiri dairy also became famous for its production of the Balkan-style brinza cheese, which became known as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301142",
"score": "1.0159345",
"original_retrieval_index": 51
},
{
"title": "Israeli cuisine",
"text": "which a small quantity of oil sufficient for one day lasted eight days. The two most popular Hannukah foods are potato pancakes, \"levivot\", also known by the Yiddish \"latkes\"; and jelly doughnuts, known as \"sufganiyot\" in Hebrew, \"pontshkes\" (in Yiddish) or \"bimuelos\" (in Ladino), as these are deep-fried in oil. Hannukah pancakes are made from a variety of ingredients, from the traditional potato or cheese, to more modern innovations, among them corn, spinach, zucchini and sweet potato. Bakeries in Israel have popularized many new types of fillings for \"sufganiyot\" besides the standard strawberry jelly filling, and these include chocolate, vanilla",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10301182",
"score": "1.0126917",
"original_retrieval_index": 56
},
{
"title": "Palestinian cuisine",
"text": "cylndrical in shape and made with kanafeh dough instead of phyllo. \"Halawa\" is a block confection of sweetened sesame flour served in sliced pieces. \"Muhalabiyeh\" is a rice pudding made with milk and topped with pistachios or almonds. \"Kanafeh\", a well-known dessert in the Arab World and Turkey. Made of several fine shreds of pastry noodles with honey-sweetened cheese in the center, the top layer of the pastry is usually dyed orange with food coloring and sprinkled with crushed pistachios. Nablus, to the present day is famed for its \"kanafeh\", partly due to its use of a white-brined cheese called",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10209459",
"score": "1.0116516",
"original_retrieval_index": 57
},
{
"title": "Israeli breakfast",
"text": "more streamlined menu may be presented through sit down table service. The Israeli breakfast never includes meats such as ham and bacon, which are common on breakfast menus in many other countries. In accordance with the Jewish laws of Kashrut, meat and dairy ingredients are never served together in a meal and pork products are forbidden. The Israeli breakfast is a dairy meal, and a variety of cheeses are offered. Fish is considered pareve and so is permitted with a dairy meal, and herring is frequently served. Other smoked or pickled fish dishes are also common, including sprats, sardines and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17211072",
"score": "1.0106026",
"original_retrieval_index": 59
},
{
"title": "Azerbaijani cuisine",
"text": "flour, and sugar), and \"girmapadam\" (pastry filled with chopped nuts). Sweets are generally bought from a pastry shop and eaten at home or on special occasions such as weddings and wakes. The usual conclusion to a restaurant meal is a plate of fresh fruit that is in season, such as plums, cherries, apricots, or grapes. In March 2009, Azerbaijani bakers achieved an entry in the CIS book of records for baking the biggest and heaviest pakhlava in the CIS, weighing about 3 tons. More than 7 thousand eggs, 350 kg of nuts, 20 kg of almonds, 350 kg of sugar,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10767948",
"score": "1.0100372",
"original_retrieval_index": 61
},
{
"title": "Poppy seed",
"text": "\"beigli\" (also spelled \"bejgli\"). Poppy seed hamantashen were the main traditional food eaten by Ashkenazi Jews at Purim until the filling was replaced by other fruit and nut fillings. Poppy seed pastries are common in Jewish bakeries and delicatessens throughout the United States. In Indian cuisine white poppy seeds are added for thickness, texture and also give added flavor to recipes. Commonly used in the preparation of korma, ground poppy seeds, along with coconut and other spices, are combined as a paste to be added at the last stage of cooking. It is quite hard to grind the seeds when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9452714",
"score": "1.0096219",
"original_retrieval_index": 62
},
{
"title": "Breakfast",
"text": "with cinnamon) or kale pache (sheep's feet, stomach and other offal), adasi (green lentil soup), fried/boiled/soft-boiled eggs, \"omlet\" (eggs cooked in tomato sauce). The Israeli breakfast is a mix of culinary influences from eastern Europe, agrarian Yishuv culture, North African cuisine and Levantine cuisine. It usually consists of a range of cheeses along with sliced vegetables, scrambled eggs (or another kind of fried egg) Israeli hotels usually present this type of breakfast as a buffet. Restaurants may prefer a pre-set \"Israeli Breakfast\" menu item. Breakfast in modern Japanese households comes in two major variations: Japanese style and Western style. Japanese-style",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "775399",
"score": "1.0089798",
"original_retrieval_index": 63
}
] |
{
"title": "Jaffa Cakes",
"long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Jaffa Cakes are biscuit-sized cakes introduced by McVitie and Price in the UK in 1927 and named after Jaffa oranges. The most common form of Jaffa cakes are circular, 2 ⁄8 inches (54 mm) in diameter and have three layers: a Genoise sponge base, a layer of orange flavoured jam and a coating of chocolate. Jaffa cakes are also available as bars or in small packs, and in larger and smaller sizes. The original Jaffa Cakes come in packs of 12, 24 or 36.",
"short_answers": [
"biscuit-sized cakes",
"cakes"
]
}
|
who does the voice of stewie family guy
|
[
"Seth MacFarlane"
] |
[
{
"title": "Brian Griffin",
"text": "characters including Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire. Brian's voice is MacFarlane's normal speaking voice. William H. Macy auditioned unsuccessfully for the role. In the episode \"Road to the Multiverse\", Brian was voiced by Japanese actor Kotaro Watanabe in a scene where everything in the world is Japanese. Ahsan Haque of IGN has given Brian a positive review, calling him the best talking man-dog. He also praised Brian's adventures with Stewie calling them, \"center of many of the show's best bits\". Haque later made a list titled \"Family Guy: Stewie and Brian's Greatest Adventures\", where he stated that \"Brian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3619427",
"score": "1.1424208",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Family Guy",
"text": "the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film \"My Fair Lady\". MacFarlane uses his regular speaking voice when playing Brian. MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time-only characters, most prominently those of the Griffins' neighbor Glenn Quagmire, news anchor Tom Tucker, and Lois' father, Carter Pewterschmidt. Alex Borstein voices Peter's wife Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown, and Lois' mother, Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on \"MADtv\". She had not met MacFarlane or seen any",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1565288",
"score": "1.1141592",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 8)",
"text": "(Peter Griffin, Stewie Griffin, Brian Griffin, Quagmire and Tom Tucker, among others), Alex Borstein (Lois Griffin, Loretta Brown, Tricia Takanawa and Barbara Pewterschmidt, among others), Mila Kunis (Meg Griffin), Seth Green (Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman, among others) and Mike Henry (Cleveland Brown and Herbert, among others). Several new characters were introduced in season eight. The character of Jerome—Peter, Joe and Quagmire's official, yet temporary replacement for Cleveland Brown, who left the series to star in his own spin-off entitled \"The Cleveland Show\"—was introduced in the episode \"Jerome is the New Black\". He was voiced by \"The Cleveland Show\" cast",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13213619",
"score": "1.1133258",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 10)",
"text": "love with an Amish boy as Peter goes to war with his family, Stewie starts driving Brian's car and accidentally crashes it, Meg dates Quagmire on her 18th birthday, Chris dates a girl who looks like Lois (voiced by Ellen Page), Quagmire asks Peter and Joe to help him kill his sister's (voiced by Kaitlin Olson) violently abusive boyfriend (voiced by Ralph Garman), Peter befriends a dolphin (voiced by Ricky Gervais), Kevin Swanson (voiced by Scott Grimes) surprisingly returns to Quahog on Thanksgiving, Lois kidnaps Stewie's sick friend, Brian gets a blind girlfriend who hates dogs, James Woods makes a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15256357",
"score": "1.105734",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 1)",
"text": "MacFarlane, Chris Sheridan, Neil Goldman, Garrett Donovan, Ricky Blitt, Andrew Gormley, supervising producers Danny Smith and Gary Janetti, co-producers Matt Weitzman and Mike Barker, and voice actor Mike Henry. There were six directors for the seven episodes, with Michael DiMartino directing two. Peter Shin acted as the supervising director for the entire season. Walter Murphey composed the season's music tracks, while Stan Jones edited them. Season one had a cast of four main actors. MacFarlane voiced Peter Griffin, a blue-collar worker and the patriarch of the Griffin family. The family's evil-genius baby Stewie and their anthropromorphic pet dog Brian, were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11306481",
"score": "1.1051207",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Lois Griffin",
"text": "Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein has been part of the main voice cast from the beginning of the series including the pilot, and has been voicing Lois from the start. At the time \"Family Guy\" was being developed, Borstein was working in the sketch comedy, MADtv. She was asked to audition by a member of the MADtv staff who was helping MacFarlane develop the show. She had not met MacFarlane or seen any artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, she was doing a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother, whose voice",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3619330",
"score": "1.1050048",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 1)",
"text": "also voiced by MacFarlane. Other members of the family include Peter's responsible but rebellious wife Lois Griffin, voiced by Alex Borstein; their self-loathing goody two-shoes teenage daughter Meg, voiced by Lacey Chabert; and their socially-awkward teenage son Chris, voiced by Seth Green. The season had a number of secondary characters including Lori Alan as Diane Simmons, a local news anchor; Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown, a neighbor and friend of the Griffins; Patrick Warburton as Joe Swanson, a handicapped neighbor; and Jennifer Tilly as Bonnie Swanson, Joe's pregnant wife. Other recurring characters included Carlos Alazraqui as Peter's boss Jonathan Weed,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11306482",
"score": "1.1038834",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 7)",
"text": "Purdum were supervising directors for the entire season. Walter Murphey composed the season's music tracks, while Stan Jones edited them. Season seven had a cast of five main actors. MacFarlane voiced Peter Griffin, a blue-collar worker and the patriarch of the Griffin family. The family's evil-genius baby Stewie, their anthropromorphic pet dog Brian, their sexually-active neighbor Glenn Quagmire, Peter's father-in-law Carter Pewterschmidt, local doctor Elmer Hartman and local news anchor Tom Tucker were also voiced by MacFarlane. Other members of the family include Peter's responsible-but-rebellious wife, Lois (voiced by Alex Borstein); their self-loathing teenage daughter, Meg (voiced by Mila Kunis)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13238347",
"score": "1.0875527",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Griffin family",
"text": "sixth season in November 2007, resulting in the show's syndication. The show is contracted to continue producing episodes. MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters, Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin and Stewie Griffin. He has stated that he already knew what kind of voice he was looking for the main characters so it was easier to do it himself. Peter's voice is inspired by the voice of a security guard MacFarlane overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, particularly on Harrison's performance in the 1964",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12466055",
"score": "1.0836995",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"text": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 7)",
"text": "Opie, Borstein as Trisha Takanawa and Henry as Bruce. Staff members Danny Smith, Jon Viener and Alec Sulkin voiced several minor characters. The season introduced New Brian (voiced by Viener), a replacement for the older Brian and Susie, the Swansons' newborn daughter. The season also included guest actors voicing themselves, including Frank Sinatra, Jr., Seth Rogen, Lauren Conrad, Johnny Knoxville, Jay Leno, Craig Ferguson, Audrina Patridge, Sinbad, Patrick Stewart, LeVar Burton, Gates McFadden, Brent Spiner, Michael Dorn, Jonathan Frakes, Wil Wheaton, Denise Crosby and Rob Lowe. The seventh-season premiere was viewed by 9.2 million viewers, a significantly-higher number than those",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13238349",
"score": "1.083162",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Chris Griffin",
"text": "to suggest that \"Family Guy\" is a rip-off of \"The Simpsons\"; MacFarlane is, however, defended by the characters whom he voices (Peter, Brian and Stewie). Outside of the \"Star Wars\"-themed episodes, \"Road to the Multiverse\" plays on the running gag, but with Stewie (MacFarlane once more) provoking the \"Robot Chicken\" universe counterpart of Chris by asking \"How does it feel to be on a major network for thirty seconds?\", which prompts Chris to say \"Fuck you!\" Chris' birthday is February 8, the same day as his voice actor, Seth Green. Chris Griffin Christopher Cross \"Chris\" Griffin is a fictional character",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2816321",
"score": "1.0812325",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Love, Blactually",
"text": "Kat Foster portrayed the voice of Carolyn, and actress Meredith Baxter portrayed herself. Recurring voice actors Ralph Garman, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances. Then-series writer and regular voice actress Alex Borstein portrayed the voice of Loretta Brown. The episode begins with a costume party, where Brian and Stewie are both dressed as Snoopy from \"Peanuts\", Quagmire dresses up as Napoleon Dynamite, Peter as Laura Bush, Lois as Michael Dutton Douglas, Joe as Mark Spitz (although people believe he is a crippled Thomas Magnum), and Cleveland as Charlie Chaplin. Woodstock, another character",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12438690",
"score": "1.0801332",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 7)",
"text": "and their goofball teenage son, Chris (voiced by Seth Green). Mike Henry voiced the Griffins' neighbor (and Peter's friend) Cleveland Brown. The season had a number of secondary characters, including Lori Alan as Diane Simmons (a local news anchor); Mike Henry as Cleveland Brown (a neighbor and friend of the Griffins); Patrick Warburton as Joe Swanson (a disabled neighbor) and Jennifer Tilly as Bonnie Swanson (Joe's pregnant wife). Adam West voices an alternative version of himself, Mayor Adam West. Other recurring characters include Phil LaMarr as Ollie Williams, Johnny Brennan as Mort Goldman, Carrie Fisher as Angela, Mark Hentemann as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13238348",
"score": "1.0748744",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Peter Griffin",
"text": "prefers to have the freedom to do it himself. In another interview, he mentioned that Peter's voice is one of the most difficult to do. There have been several occasions where MacFarlane does not voice Peter. In the episode \"No Meals on Wheels\" (season 5, 2007), actor Patrick Stewart voiced Peter in a cutscene, but MacFarlane voices Peter for the rest of the episode. In the episode \"Family Gay\" (season 7, 2009), Seth Rogen provided a guest-voice as Peter under the effects of the \"Seth Rogen gene\". In \"Road to the Multiverse\" (season 8, 2009), he was voiced by actor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3592572",
"score": "1.0590111",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Barely Legal (Family Guy)",
"text": "addition to the regular cast, actress Drew Barrymore, voice actor Barclay DeVeau, voice actor Phil LaMarr, voice actor Kerrigan Mahan, actress Natasha Melnick, comedian and actor Garrett Morris, actress Tamera Mowry and actress Lisa Wilhoit guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Lori Alan, actress Alex Breckenridge, voice actor John G. Brennan, writer Chris Sheridan, writer Alec Sulkin and writer John Viener made minor appearances. Recurring guest voice actors Patrick Warburton and Adam West made appearances as well. The movie Mayor West is watching on the television is \"Romancing the Stone\". The music played in the background during",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8502239",
"score": "1.0582073",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Peter, Peter, Caviar Eater",
"text": "MacFarlane and Barbara Pewterschmidt, Lois's mother, voiced by Alex Borstein. Both characters would become recurring characters of the series appearing in future episodes including \"Welcome Back, Carter\". In addition to the regular cast, voice actor Kevin Michael Richardson, actress Fairuza Balk and actor Gregory Jbara guest started in the episode. Other voices included Alex Thomas, Robin Leach and Bill Escudier. Recurring guest voice Lori Alan voiced Dianne Simmons. Peter is shown watching the sitcom \"Frasier\" and \"Ricki Lake\". When Stewie walks down the hallway, he sees the two little girls from \"The Shining\". At an auction, Peter buys an antique",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5858829",
"score": "1.05806",
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},
{
"title": "Family Guy (season 5)",
"text": "Loretta Brown, Tricia Takanawa, Barbara Pewterschmidt), Mila Kunis (Meg Griffin), Seth Green (Chris Griffin, Neil Goldman) and Mike Henry (Cleveland Brown, Herbert). New recurring characters were also introduced in season five. The character of Jillian Fisher, Brian's new dimwitted girlfriend, was introduced in the episode \"Whistle While Your Wife Works\". She provided an ironic counterpoint to Brian's intellectualism. Her final character personality was designed to be a stereotypical blonde, \"a bulimic cheerleader,\" and \"not the brightest bauble on the tree.\" Her voice would later play upon the bulimic cheerleader element, with actress Drew Barrymore providing the voice of Jillian in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12774952",
"score": "1.0541863",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Griffin family",
"text": "musical drama film \"My Fair Lady\". Brian's voice is MacFarlane's regular speaking voice. In addition MacFarlane provides the voice of various recurring and one-time characters, most prominently those of the Griffin's neighbor Glenn Quagmire, news anchor Tom Tucker and Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt. Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt. Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on \"MADtv\". She had not met MacFarlane or seen any artwork and said it was \"really sight unseen\". At the time, she was doing a stage show",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12466056",
"score": "1.0519878",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Dial Meg for Murder",
"text": "a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \"And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" – Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, actress Allison Janney voiced the editor for \"Teen People\", actor Chace Crawford voiced Luke, voice actress Lisa Wilhoit voiced Connie D'Amico, and voice actors Dave Boat, Peter Chen, Camille Guaty, Victor J. Ho, and Rachael MacFarlane guest starred as various characters in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Lori",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14177625",
"score": "1.0494243",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Peter Griffin",
"text": "of news anchor Tom Tucker, Carter Pewterschmidt (Lois' father), and Dr. Hartman. MacFarlane has been part of the main voice cast from the beginning of the series including the pilot, as well he has been voicing Peter from the start. MacFarlane chose to voice Peter and several other characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane's speaking voice is not very close to Peter's; he uses his normal voice as the voice of Brian. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from the security guards",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3592570",
"score": "1.0436553",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "And the Wiener Is...",
"text": "In addition to the regular cast, actor Patrick Duffy, voice actress Rachael MacFarlane, voice actress Tara Strong, actress Lisa Wilhoit and actress Debra Wilson guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actor and writer Danny Smith also made a minor appearance. Recurring guest cast members Jennifer Tilly, Mike Henry and Patrick Warburton reprised their roles of Bonnie Swanson, Cleveland Brown and Joe Swanson respectively. The Parents Television Council, a frequent critic of MacFarlane-produced shows, named \"Family Guy\" the “Worst TV Show of the Week” for the January 23, 2005 rebroadcast of the episode on FOX. They went on to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5876570",
"score": "1.0338819",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Peter-assment",
"text": "and animatics, a special mini-feature which discussed the process behind animating \"And Then There Were Fewer\", a mini-feature entitled \"The Comical Adventures of \"Family Guy\" – Brian & Stewie: The Lost Phone Call\", and footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast and Fisher, voice actor Max Burkholder, actors Richard Dreyfuss, Maurice Lamont, Anthony Skillman, and Steve Urquilla; producer Jim Goldenberg; reporter Max Hodges; media reporter Harvey Levin; and voice actors Jack Samson and Will Shadley guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors John G. Brennan and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14343574",
"score": "1.0329723",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Family Guy",
"text": "auditioned for the role, she was called back by MacFarlane, who instructed her to speak slower. He then told her to come back another time and enunciate more. Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her. Mike Henry voices Cleveland Brown, Herbert, Bruce the Performance Artist, Consuela and the Greased-up Deaf Guy. Henry met MacFarlane at the Rhode Island School of Design, and kept in touch with him after they graduated. A few years later, MacFarlane contacted him about being part of the show; he agreed and came on as a writer and voice actor. During",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1565290",
"score": "1.0323913",
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},
{
"title": "Thanksgiving (Family Guy)",
"text": "Hagerty, actor Jonathan Morgan Heit, actress Christine Lakin and actor Patrick Stewart guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alexandra Breckenridge, actor Chris Cox, writer Mike Desilets, actor Ralph Garman, writer Gary Janetti, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, and writer John Viener also made minor appearances throughout the episode. Recurring guest cast members Adam West, Jennifer Tilly and Patrick Warburton also appeared in the episode as Mayor Adam West, Bonnie Swanson, and Joe Swanson respectively. As the Griffin family prepare to sit down for their dinner, baby Stewie is shown watching television, with the annual Macy's Thanksgiving",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "16001817",
"score": "1.0294307",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Stewie Goes for a Drive",
"text": "for \"Stewie Goes for a Drive\". An announcement of Reynolds' appearance in the episode was made at the Television Critics Association's summer press tour, along with several other guest voice actors for the season. In addition to the regular cast, actor and musician Adam Alexi-Malle, actor Ralph Garman, voice actor Joe Lomonaco, voice actress Rachael MacFarlane, actor Ryan Reynolds, and voice actress Tara Strong guest starred in the episode. Recurring guest voice actors Alec Sulkin, writer John Viener and writer Wellesley Wild made minor appearances throughout the episode. In the opening scene of the episode when Peter and Lois first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15886793",
"score": "1.029251",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Stewie Griffin",
"text": "debate over which characters in \"Family Guy\" can understand Stewie. In an interview, MacFarlane said that everyone can basically understand him, but they ignore him or just think to themselves \"oh how cute\" when he talks. However at the 2011 ComicCon panel, he compared this to Wile E. Coyote in the old \"Merrie Melodies\" cartoons. MacFarlane went on to say that Brian always hears Stewie, and more recently so does Chris, but the writers usually strive for Peter, Lois, and Meg not to hear him. Once Stewie leaves the house, the question of who can hear him depends very much",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2816159",
"score": "1.0283358",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Seth MacFarlane",
"text": "voice on Paul Lynde (who played Uncle Arthur in \"Bewitched\"). His sister Rachael MacFarlane provides the voice of Hayley. MacFarlane developed a \"Family Guy\" spin-off called \"The Cleveland Show\", which focuses on the character of Cleveland Brown and his family. The idea for the show originated from a suggestion by \"Family Guy\" writer and voice of Cleveland, Mike Henry. Fox ordered 22 episodes and the series first aired on September 27, 2009. The show, which was picked up to air a first season consisting of 22 episodes, was picked up by Fox for a second season, consisting of 13 episodes,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2357593",
"score": "1.0280592",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Patrick Stewart",
"text": "first edition of the film's soundtrack). He plays a recurring role as CIA Deputy Director Avery Bullock, lending his likeness as well as his voice on the animated series \"American Dad!\". He has made (as of 6 August 2011) nine guest appearances on \"Family Guy\" in various roles: first in \"Peter's Got Woods\", second in \"No Meals on Wheels\" when Peter likens something to when he once swapped voices with him for a day, third in \"Lois Kills Stewie\" as his \"American Dad!\" character Bullock, fourth in \"Not All Dogs Go to Heaven\" as himself, fifth in \"And Then There",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "793403",
"score": "1.0253627",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Go, Stewie, Go!",
"text": "footage of the \"Family Guy\" panel at the 2010 San Diego Comic-Con International. In addition to the regular cast, musician Stephen Bishop rerecorded his single \"It Might Be You\", actress Mo Collins appeared as a little girl, voice actor Colin Ford appeared briefly as Randall, actress Anne Hathaway appeared as Mother Maggie, actor Lucas Grabeel appeared as Meg's new boyfriend Anthony, voice actress Nana Visitor appeared briefly as the audition caller and voice actress Mae Whitman appeared as Julie. Recurring guest voice actors Ralph Garman, writer Gary Janetti, writer Danny Smith, writer Alec Sulkin, actress Jennifer Tilly and writer John",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18900553",
"score": "1.0248287",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
}
] |
{
"title": "List of Family Guy cast members",
"long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Seth MacFarlane voices three of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, and Stewie Griffin. MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it. MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design. Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady. MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian.",
"short_answers": [
"Seth MacFarlane"
]
}
|
what drug does the mom use in requiem for a dream
|
[
"weight-loss amphetamines",
"amphetamines"
] |
[
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "and reworked it with the score. Aronofsky saw Requiem as a \"monster movie, only when something goes bad you hear the music.\" All of the music in the film is influenced by the characters and goes with the drugs in the film. Even though none of the characters actually say the word \"Heroin\", they still base the music around heroin and cravings. The soundtrack has been widely praised, and in particular the track \"Lux Aeterna\" (which itself is much used in the film) has subsequently been used in various forms of media. The theme was reorchestrated for \"\" trailer and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9843638",
"score": "1.1556515",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (novel)",
"text": "escape life in the ghetto. To achieve these dreams, they buy a large amount of heroin, planning to get rich by selling it. Sara, Harry’s lonely widowed mother, dreams of being on television. When a phone call from a reality show casting company gets her hopes up, she goes to a doctor, who gives her diet pills to lose weight. She spends the next few months on the pills, wanting desperately to look thin on TV and fit into a red dress from her younger days. However, the casting company does not notify her about the details of her show.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3898269",
"score": "1.1447375",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "\"drug depiction, coarse language and sex\". In Australia the film was rated R18+ by the ACB for \"drug use and adult themes\". \"Requiem for a Dream\" received positive reviews from critics and has an approval rating of 78% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 134 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10. The critical consensus states, \"Though the movie may be too intense for some to stomach, the wonderful performances and the bleak imagery are hard to forget.\" The film also has a score of 68 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 32 critics, indicating \"generally favorable reviews.\" Film critic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640153",
"score": "1.1210454",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "in 2000, and all of Aronofsky's films since. Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack) Requiem for a Dream is the soundtrack album from the 2000 film \"Requiem for a Dream\". It was composed by Clint Mansell and performed by the Kronos Quartet. The music for the film is noted for its minimalist qualities in which it uses constant harmonies, a steady pulse, and often variation of musical phrases to drive a point. The album is best known for the track \"Lux Aeterna.\" With the success of the film also came a successful soundtrack. Composer of the soundtrack Clint Mansell has worked",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9843644",
"score": "1.0532324",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack) Requiem for a Dream is the soundtrack album from the 2000 film \"Requiem for a Dream\". It was composed by Clint Mansell and performed by the Kronos Quartet. The music for the film is noted for its minimalist qualities in which it uses constant harmonies, a steady pulse, and often variation of musical phrases to drive a point. The album is best known for the track \"Lux Aeterna.\" With the success of the film also came a successful soundtrack. Composer of the soundtrack Clint Mansell has worked very closely with Darren Aronofsky throughout his movie",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9843636",
"score": "1.0495462",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "Requiem for a Dream Requiem for a Dream is a 2000 American psychological drama film directed by Darren Aronofsky and starring Ellen Burstyn, Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, and Marlon Wayans. The film is based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby, Jr., with whom Aronofsky wrote the screenplay. The film depicts four different forms of drug addiction, which lead to the characters' imprisonment in a world of delusion and reckless desperation that is subsequently overtaken by reality, thus leaving them as hollow shells of their former selves. \"Requiem for a Dream\" was screened out of competition at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640141",
"score": "1.0328906",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "scene in the film was inspired by Satoshi Kon's 1997 anime film \"Perfect Blue\". The majority of reviewers characterized \"Requiem for a Dream\" in the genre of \"drug movies\", along with films like \"The Basketball Diaries\", \"Trainspotting\", \"Spun\", and \"Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas\". However, Aronofsky has said: As in his previous film, \"π\", Aronofsky uses montages of extremely short shots throughout the film (sometimes termed a hip hop montage). While an average 100-minute film has 600 to 700 cuts, \"Requiem\" features more than 2,000. Split-screen is used extensively, along with extremely tight closeups. Long tracking shots (including those",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640149",
"score": "1.0306954",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "miss it.\" Owen Gleiberman of \"Entertainment Weekly\", who gave the work an \"A\" grade, argued that it \"may be the first movie to fully capture the way drugs dislocate us from ourselves\" and said, \"The movie, a full-throttle mind-bender, is hypnotically harrowing and intense, a visual and spiritual plunge into the seduction and terror of drug addiction.\" Scott Brake of IGN gave the film a 9.0 out of 10 and argued, \"The reason it works so well as a film about addiction is that, in every frame, the film itself is addictive. It's absolutely relentless, from Aronofsky's bravura cinematic techniques",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640156",
"score": "1.0131768",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (novel)",
"text": "her addiction. In jail, Tyrone faces frequent abuse from the guards due to his race. The novel was later adapted into a critically acclaimed homonymous film, released in 2000. The film was directed by Darren Aronofsky and starred Jared Leto, Jennifer Connelly, Marlon Wayans and Ellen Burstyn. Burstyn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance as Sara. Requiem for a Dream (novel) Requiem for a Dream is a 1978 novel by American writer Hubert Selby, Jr., that concerns four New Yorkers whose lives spiral out of control as they succumb to their addictions. This story",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3898271",
"score": "1.0121517",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
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},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (novel)",
"text": "Requiem for a Dream (novel) Requiem for a Dream is a 1978 novel by American writer Hubert Selby, Jr., that concerns four New Yorkers whose lives spiral out of control as they succumb to their addictions. This story follows the lives of Sara Goldfarb, her son Harry, his girlfriend Marion Silver, and his best friend Tyrone C. Love, who are all searching for the key to their dreams in their own ways. In the process, they fall into devastating lives of addiction. Harry and Marion are in love and want to open their own business; their friend Tyrone wants to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3898268",
"score": "1.0026984",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (novel)",
"text": "She becomes addicted to the diet pills and eventually develops amphetamine psychosis after her life continues to go downhill. She eventually ends up in a mental institution, where she undergoes electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Harry, Marion, and Tyrone become addicted to their own product. Eventually, when heroin becomes scarce, they turn on each other, slowly hiding the drugs they obtain from the other two members. On their way to Miami, Harry and Tyrone are arrested, convicted, and sentenced to jail. Harry's arm has become infected from repeated injections, and has to be amputated. Left alone, Marion becomes a prostitute to support",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3898270",
"score": "0.98341",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "James Berardinelli considered \"Requiem for a Dream\" the second best film of the decade, behind \"The Lord of the Rings\" film trilogy. Roger Ebert gave the film 3½ stars out of four, stating that \"What is fascinating about \"Requiem for a Dream,\"...is how well [Aronofsky] portrays the mental states of his addicts. When they use, a window opens briefly into a world where everything is right. Then it slides shut, and life reduces itself to a search for the money and drugs to open it again.\" Elvis Mitchell, writing for \"The New York Times\", gave the film a positive review,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640154",
"score": "0.97770643",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "Paul Oakenfold, Josh Wink, Jagz Kooner, and Delerium, among others. \"Lux Aeterna\" is an orchestral composition by Mansell, the leitmotif of \"Requiem for a Dream\", and the penultimate piece in the film's soundtrack. The popularity of this piece led to its use in popular culture outside the film, in film and teaser trailers, and with multiple remixes and remakes by other producers. The movie was referenced in \"The Simpsons\" episode \"I'm Spelling As Fast As I Can\" where Homer gets addicted to the latest Krusty Burger called Ribwich, he gets instant-hit happiness to the tune of \"Requiem\"-style cuts. Requiem for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640160",
"score": "0.97373736",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Darren Aronofsky",
"text": "278 reviews, and an average rating of 6.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, \"There's no denying that \"mother!\" is the thought-provoking product of a singularly ambitious artistic vision, though it may be too unwieldy for mainstream tastes.\" Aronofsky's first two films, \"Pi\" and \"Requiem for a Dream\", were low-budget and used montages of extremely short shots, also known as hip hop montages. While an average 100-minute film has 600 to 700 cuts \"Requiem for a Dream\" features more than 2,000. Split-screen is used extensively, along with extremely tight closeups. Long tracking shots, including those shot with an apparatus strapping a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1481491",
"score": "0.9709194",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "is known by the name \"Requiem for a Tower\", presented by \"Corner Stone Cues\". The theme has been featured in trailers for other films, including \"Babylon A.D.\", \"The Da Vinci Code\", \"I Am Legend\", \"Sunshine\", and \"Valley of Flowers\". It also appeared in the video games \"Total Miner: Forge\" (Xbox Live Indie Game 2011), \"Assassin's Creed\", and in numerous TV spots and advertisements, and at sporting events. Use of the theme has extended to the point where it is interchangeable with the name \"Requiem for a Dream.\" A remix album, \"Requiem for a Dream: Remixed\", contained new mixes of the",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "9843639",
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},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "are distraught by her almost vegetative state. Harry wakes emotionally distraught after the amputation, knowing that Marion will not be visiting him. Tyrone thinks of his mother in prison and suffers from drug withdrawal. Marion comes home from the show and lies on her sofa, clutching her score of heroin. Sara dreams that she is on television, and has won the grand prize, with Harry as the guest of honor. The film rights to Hubert Selby, Jr.'s book were optioned by Scott Vogel for Truth and Soul Pictures in 1997 prior to the release of Aronofsky's film \"π\". The bathtub",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13640148",
"score": "0.95541",
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},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "of 18, he was a merchant seaman during World War II. During that time he was hospitalized for three years for treatment of tuberculosis and other illnesses or injuries he acquired. Six months before Hubert wrote \"Requiem for a Dream\", he was sick with pneumonia, going in and out of comas. His wife was worried about his health but he refused to go to a hospital. One night, his wife woke up from a dream about two spirits that had opened the door in their room; she says that she could tell that they were male and female. The two",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "9843642",
"score": "0.9551468",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "empathy is structurally advanced by the use of intertitles (Summer, Fall, Winter), marking the temporal progress of addiction. The average scene length shortens as the film progresses (beginning around 90 seconds to two minutes) until the movie's climactic scenes, which are cut together very rapidly (many changes per second) and are accompanied by a score which increases in intensity accordingly. After the climax, there is a short period of serenity, during which idyllic dreams of what may have been are juxtaposed with portraits of the four shattered lives. \"Requiem for a Dream\" premiered at the 2000 Cannes Film Festival on",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13640151",
"score": "0.9499763",
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},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "the 2000 Cannes Film Festival and received positive reviews from critics upon its U.S. release. Burstyn was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. During the summer in Brighton Beach, Brooklyn, widow Sara Goldfarb spends her time watching infomercials. Meanwhile, her son, Harry, occasionally pawns her television set to fund his girlfriend Marion, and his best friend Tyrone's drug use. After Sara receives a call that she has won a spot on a television game show, she becomes excited about attending it. To fit back into her red dress, the favorite of her deceased husband Seymour,",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13640142",
"score": "0.9401096",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "career. Mansell also has worked on Aronofsky's first film \"π\". Both Pi and Requiem for a Dream are noted for their off notes and range of tenebrous emotions. In the opening credits before the title of the movie appears we can hear the quartet tuning their instruments, before hearing a conductor tap on his music stand to ready the quartet for a performance. The maestro bringing them to attention is Aronofsky. Aronofsky and Mansell both grew up listening to Hiphop which they based a lot of their decision making on that type of music. Mansell took a classic hiphop record",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "9843637",
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},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "stating that \"After the young director's phenomenal debut with the barely budgeted \"Pi,\" which was like watching a middleweight boxer win a fight purely on reflexes, he comes back with a picture that shows maturation.\" Peter Bradshaw of \"The Guardian\", lauded the film. \"His agonising and unflinchingly grim portrait of drug abuse, taken from a novel by Hubert Selby Jr (with whom Aronofsky co-wrote the screenplay), is a formally pleasing piece of work - if pleasing can possibly be the right word.\" Peter Travers of \"Rolling Stone\" wrote that \"no one interested in the power and magic of movies should",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640155",
"score": "0.9297371",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "May 14, 2000 and the 2000 Toronto International Film Festival on September 13 before a wide release on October 27. In the United States, the film was originally rated NC-17 by the MPAA, but Aronofsky appealed the rating, claiming that cutting any portion of the film would dilute its message. The appeal was denied and Artisan decided to release the film unrated. An R-rated version was released on video, with the sex scene edited, but the rest of the film identical to the unrated version. In the United Kingdom, the film was given an 18 certificate by the BBFC for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640152",
"score": "0.91577345",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Darren Aronofsky",
"text": "the acting and narratives. Aronofsky filmed both works with a muted palette and a grainy style. Part of this consistent style involves collaborations with frequent partners cinematographer Matthew Libatique, editor Andrew Weisblum and composer Clint Mansell. Mansell's music is an often important element of the films. \"Pi\" features several references to mathematics and mathematical theories. In a 1998 interview, Aronofsky acknowledged several influences for \"Pi\": The visual style of \"Pi\" and \"Requiem for a Dream\" features numerous similarities to \"Tetsuo: The Iron Man\". The majority of reviewers characterized \"Requiem for a Dream\" in the genre of \"drug movies\", along with",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "1481493",
"score": "0.90373814",
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},
{
"title": "A Daughter's Nightmare",
"text": "Ariel explains that tuberculosis is the reason behind the death of Adam's mother. The doctor finds out that Ben is not taking this medication voluntarily. Ariel explains that Adam is drugging him and she also argues that Adam is drugging her mother as well. She tells the doctor to call the cops and she rushes with Ben outside to rescue her mother. They go home however, Dana is not there. The cops refuse to take any actions towards Adam because there are no evident signs of abduction. Ariel and Ben start to call all the pharmacies in the region to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18377511",
"score": "0.9030187",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "Tim, who trades heroin for sex. Harry and Tyrone decide that to put their business back on track; they will drive to Florida to buy directly from the wholeseller there. After a series of horrifying hallucinations, Sara flees her apartment for the office of the casting agency in Manhattan, to confirm when she will be on TV. She is taken away by ambulance and committed to a psychiatric ward where she is subjected to degrading treatments. When none work, the physician induces a barely lucid Sara to approve electroconvulsive therapy. On the drive to Miami, Harry and Tyrone visit a",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13640146",
"score": "0.899783",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream (soundtrack)",
"text": "spirits told her that if Hubert did not get medical attention, he might die. She eventually called a friend, who happened to be a respiratory therapist. She told him about all the things that have been happening with Hubert and he scolded him about his health and told her to take him to the hospital. Clint Mansell, the composer of this soundtrack, is an English musician, composer, and former lead singer and guitarist of the band Pop Will Eat Itself (1996). Aronofsky, the director of the film, hired him to score his film \"Pi\". He scored \"Requiem for a Dream\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9843643",
"score": "0.8968053",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Dream's Ashes",
"text": "his dead child. He tries to ignore the hallucinations as a side effect of the drug, but they increasingly occupy his thoughts. Carol is now going out with a local hard man called Tommy, who traps her in an abusive relationship. Carol calls out to Lee for help and so Tommy challenges Lee but to no avail. Lee shuns Carol and does not fight Tommy, despite still having feelings for her. Lee is becoming increasingly confused about what is important to him and the repeated hallucinations of his baby become more vivid. Lee is arrested after a nightclub fight with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19014507",
"score": "0.8903861",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "(split screens, complex cross-cutting schemes, hallucinatory visuals) to Clint Mansell's driving, hypnotic score (performed by the Kronos Quartet), the movie compels you to watch it.\" Some critics were less positive, however. On \"Mr. Showbiz\", Kevin Maynard stated that the film is \"never the heart-wrenching emotional experience it seems intended to be.\" J. Rentilly billed the work as \"chilling and technically proficient and, also, fairly hollow.\" Desson Thompson of \"The Washington Post\" argued that its characters are \"mostly relegated to human mannequins in Aronofsky's visual schemes\". David Sterritt of the \"Christian Science Monitor\" wrote that \"Aronofsky's filmmaking gets addicted to its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640157",
"score": "0.88916105",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"text": "Picture Editors Guild listed \"Requiem for a Dream\" as the 29th best-edited film of all time based on a survey of its members. In a 2016 international critics' poll conducted by BBC, the film, Toni Erdmann and Carlos were tied together and were three voted together as the 100 greatest motion pictures since 2000. The soundtrack was composed by Clint Mansell with the string ensemble performed by Kronos Quartet. The string quartet arrangements were written by Pulitzer Prize-winning composer David Lang. The soundtrack was re-released with the album \"Requiem for a Dream: Remixed\", which contains remixes of the music by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13640159",
"score": "0.88650835",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Requiem for a Dream",
"long_answer": "Harry and Tyrone plan to sell heroin to make enough to live off; that summer, their small-time dealing business thrives. Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Harry and Marion plan to open up a dress shop for Marion's designs, and Tyrone dreams of escaping the ghetto to make his mother proud. Sara and her friends wait expectantly every day for the game show invitation to arrive. With the extra money, Harry stops by to tell his mother he ordered her a new television set, but when he implores her to get off the amphetamines, she confesses that the only thing she has to live for anymore is the dream of looking glamorous on a television stage, and the extra attention she receives now from her friends.",
"short_answers": [
"amphetamines"
]
}
|
how long was dark side of the moon number 1
|
[
"a week",
"42:49"
] |
[
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "US under the age of 50 is estimated to own, or to have owned, a copy. Upon a change in methodology in 2009 allowing catalogue titles to be included in the \"Billboard\" 200, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" returned to the chart at number 189 on 12 December of that year for its 742nd charting week. It has continued to sporadically appear on the Billboard 200 since then, with the total at 938 weeks on the chart as of December 2018. \"The combination of words and music hit a peak,\" explained Gilmour. \"All the music before had not had",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530189",
"score": "1.0347239",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Pink Floyd",
"text": "involvement.\" Throughout March 1973, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" featured as part of Pink Floyd's US tour. The album is one of the most commercially successful rock albums of all time; a US number 1, it remained on the \"Billboard\" chart for more than fourteen years, selling more than 45 million copies worldwide. In Britain, the album peaked at number 2, spending 364 weeks on the UK chart. \"Dark Side\" is the world's third best-selling album, and the twenty-first best-selling album of all time in the US. The success of the album brought enormous wealth to the members of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7771927",
"score": "0.9823053",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "the 200th-best-selling album of that year – nearly three decades after its initial release. The album has sold 9,502,000 copies in the US since 1991 when Nielsen SoundScan began tracking sales for Billboard. To this day, it occupies a prominent spot on \"Billboard\"s Pop Catalog Chart. It reached number one when the 2003 hybrid CD/SACD edition was released and sold 800,000 copies in the US. On the week of 5 May 2006 \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" achieved a combined total of 1,716 weeks on the \"Billboard\" 200 and Pop Catalog charts. One in every fourteen people in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530188",
"score": "0.9699104",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Roger Waters",
"text": "Blake believes is \"a testament to his mellower old age or twenty years of dedicated psychotherapy\". \"\" reached number 5 on the \"Billboard\" Classical Music Chart in the United States. In June 2006, Waters commenced The Dark Side of the Moon Live tour, a two-year, world-spanning effort that began in Europe in June and North America in September. The first half of the show featured both Pink Floyd songs and Waters' solo material, while the second half included a complete live performance of the 1973 Pink Floyd album \"The Dark Side of the Moon\", the first time in over three",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1485334",
"score": "0.96673596",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "The Dark Side of the Moon The Dark Side of the Moon is the eighth studio album by English rock band Pink Floyd, released on 1 March 1973 by Harvest Records. It built on ideas explored in Pink Floyd's earlier recordings and performances, but without the extended instrumentals that characterised their earlier work. A concept album, its themes explore conflict, greed, time, and mental illness, the latter partly inspired by the deteriorating health of founding member Syd Barrett, who left in 1968. Developed during live performances, Pink Floyd premiered an early version of \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" several",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530144",
"score": "0.9633546",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "The album re-appeared on the \"Billboard\" charts with the introduction of the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart in May 1991, and has been a perennial feature since then. In the UK, it is the seventh-best-selling album of all time and the highest selling album never to reach number one. In the US the LP was released before the introduction of platinum awards in 1976. It therefore held only a gold disc until 16 February 1990, when it was certified 11× platinum. On 4 June 1998 the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) certified the album 15× platinum, denoting sales of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530186",
"score": "0.96231645",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "on Columbia Records. \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" was the last album that Pink Floyd were obliged to release before formally signing a new contract. Menon's enthusiasm for the new album was such that he began a huge promotional advertising campaign, which included radio-friendly truncated versions of \"Us and Them\" and \"Time\". In some countries – notably the UK – Pink Floyd had not released a single since 1968's \"Point Me at the Sky\", and unusually \"Money\" was released as a single on 7 May, with \"Any Colour You Like\" on the B-side. It reached number 13 on the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530183",
"score": "0.9453028",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "food?\", before moving on to themes more central to the album (such as madness, violence, and death). Questions such as \"When was the last time you were violent?\", followed immediately by \"Were you in the right?\", were answered in the order they were presented. Roger \"The Hat\" Manifold proved difficult to find, and was the only contributor recorded in a conventional sit-down interview, as by then the flashcards had been mislaid. Waters asked him about a violent encounter he had had with another motorist, and Manifold replied \"... give 'em a quick, short, sharp shock ...\" When asked about death",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530170",
"score": "0.9324751",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "on 20 January 1972, and after the commercial failure of Medicine Head's album the title was changed back to the band's original preference. \"Dark Side of the Moon: A Piece for Assorted Lunatics\", as it was then known, was performed in the presence of an assembled press on 17 February 1972 – more than a year before its release – at the Rainbow Theatre, and was critically acclaimed. Michael Wale of \"The Times\" described the piece as \"bringing tears to the eyes. It was so completely understanding and musically questioning.\" Derek Jewell of \"The Sunday Times\" wrote \"The ambition of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530151",
"score": "0.9320204",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "\"kitsch masterpiece\" that can be charming with highlights such as taped speech fragments, Parry's saxophone, and studio effects which enhance Gilmour's guitar solos. \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" was released first in the US on 1 March 1973, and then in the UK on 16 March. It became an instant chart success in Britain and throughout Western Europe; by the following month, it had gained a gold certification in the US. Throughout March 1973 the band played the album as part of their US tour, including a midnight performance at Radio City Music Hall in New York City on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530181",
"score": "0.9314219",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Dark of the Moon (play)",
"text": "extended to the Texas UIL One Act Play State Meet where there were two productions of \"Dark of the Moon\", with one of the plays placing third at the 1998 State Meet. At Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota, the theater group, Players, performed the play in 1963. Folk music was popular at the time and some campus \"folkies\" replaced the old musical numbers in the play with current favorites. The play was a great success. The production was directed by John R (\"Jack\") Woodruff and featured a number of Carleton students including Erica Rosenfeld, Jim Ekberg, and Jack Turner. Dark of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9755238",
"score": "0.9277587",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Dark Side of the Moon (film)",
"text": "Dark Side of the Moon (film) Dark Side of the Moon is a French mockumentary by director William Karel which originally aired on Arte in 2002 with the title Opération Lune. The basic premise for the film is the theory that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick. It features some surprising guest appearances, most notably by Donald Rumsfeld, Dr. Henry Kissinger, Alexander Haig, Vernon Walters, Buzz Aldrin and Stanley Kubrick's widow, Christiane Kubrick. The first part tells in an apparently neutral",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3422092",
"score": "0.9239677",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "in \"The Observer\"s 2006 list of \"The 50 Albums That Changed Music\", and 37th in \"The Guardian\"s 1997 list of the \"100 Best Albums Ever\", as voted for by a panel of artists and music critics. The album's cover has been lauded by critics and listeners alike, VH1 proclaiming it the fourth greatest in history, and Planet Rock listeners the greatest of all time. In 2013, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" was selected for preservation in the United States National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress for being deemed \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant\". In 2014, readers of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530201",
"score": "0.922323",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "position on the magazine's list of the \"500 Greatest Albums of All Time\".and was voted 43rd again on the magazine's 2012 list. In 2006, it was voted \"My Favourite Album\" by the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's audience. \"NME\" readers voted the album eighth in their 2006 \"Best Album of All Time\" online poll, and in 2009, Planet Rock listeners voted the album the \"greatest of all time\". The album is also number two on the \"Definitive 200\" list of albums, made by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers \"in celebration of the art form of the record album\". It came 29th",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530200",
"score": "0.9212312",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Dark Side of the Moon (film)",
"text": "names originally appeared. The following list reproduces the correct answers of the quiz. Arte aired the film for the first time on 16 October 2002, and a second time on 1 April 2004, followed by a debate and accompanied by a web site including an interview of William Karel and a quiz demonstrating some of the giveaways including the fake witnesses and out-of-context quotes from interviews. At the press screening before the first airing, some people who had missed the beginning left the screening room infuriated. Australian broadcaster SBS television aired the film on 1 April 2003 as an April",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3422105",
"score": "0.9170187",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "the quadraphonic mix of the album was not then complete, the band (with the exception of Wright) boycotted the press reception held at the London Planetarium on 27 February. The guests were, instead, presented with a quartet of life-sized cardboard cut-outs of the band, and the stereo mix of the album was presented through a poor-quality public address system. Generally, however, the press were enthusiastic; \"Melody Maker\"s Roy Hollingworth described side one as \"so utterly confused with itself it was difficult to follow\", but praised side two, writing: \"The songs, the sounds, the rhythms were solid and sound, Saxophone hit",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530179",
"score": "0.9139348",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "\"Rhythm\" voted it the seventh most influential progressive drumming album. One of the more notable covers of \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" is \"Return to the Dark Side of the Moon: A Tribute to Pink Floyd\". Released in 2006, the album is a progressive rock tribute featuring artists such as Adrian Belew, Tommy Shaw, Dweezil Zappa, and Rick Wakeman. In 2000, The Squirrels released \"The Not So Bright Side of the Moon\", which features a cover of the entire album. The New York dub collective Easy Star All-Stars released \"Dub Side of the Moon\" in 2003 and \"Dubber Side",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530202",
"score": "0.91382414",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Bhaskar Menon",
"text": "had blocked the release of singles. Menon pushed for the songs, \"Us and Them\" and \"Time\" to be edited and released as singles for American radio. To date, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" has spent 741 weeks on the USA-based \"Billboard\" 200 album chart, the longest duration of any album in history. It is also the fourth highest selling album globally of all time, selling more than forty million units. Menon was featured in the documentary , \"The Making of The Dark Side of the Moon.\" Menon’s contributions to the \"Dark Side of the Moon\" album’s success were recognized",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8799121",
"score": "0.9136076",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "\"Billboard\" Hot 100 in July 1973. A two-sided white label promotional version of the single, with mono and stereo mixes, was sent to radio stations. The mono side had the word \"bullshit\" removed from the song – leaving \"bull\" in its place – however, the stereo side retained the uncensored version. This was subsequently withdrawn; the replacement was sent to radio stations with a note advising disc jockeys to dispose of the first uncensored copy. On 4 February 1974, a double A-side single was released with \"Time\" on one side, and \"Us and Them\" on the opposite side. Menon's efforts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530184",
"score": "0.9108008",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Eclipse (song)",
"text": "listener, \"and everything under the sun is in tune, but the sun is eclipsed by the moon.\" Waters explained the meaning of these words as well as the entire song by asserting: The doorman of Abbey Road Studios, Gerry O'Driscoll, is heard speaking at 1:37, answering the question: \"What is 'the dark side of the moon'?\" with: \"There is no dark side in the moon, really. Matter of fact, it's all dark. The only thing that makes it look light is the sun.\" A section of an orchestral version of the Beatles song \"Ticket to Ride\" can be heard faintly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6005760",
"score": "0.90990245",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon (1990 film)",
"text": "The Dark Side of the Moon (1990 film) The Dark Side of the Moon is a 1990 direct-to-video science fiction horror film. It was directed by D. J. Webster from the screenplay by brothers Chad and Carey Hayes. In the near future, a maintenance vehicle is orbiting the Earth on a mission to repair nuclear-armed satellites. Suddenly, the crew experiences a mysterious, inexplicable power failure that cannot be accounted for. As the ship grows colder, they find themselves drifting toward the dark side of the Moon. An old NASA shuttle, the \"Discovery\", drifts toward them, although NASA has not been",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10168434",
"score": "0.9095919",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "October Project",
"text": "recorded \"From the Dark Side of the Moon\" for V2 Records. The album, produced by Mark Doyle and David Werner, is an interpretation of Pink Floyd's \"The Dark Side of the Moon\". Following the restructuring of V2, the album was put in storage for several years. It was released independently by Fahl in late 2011. In late 2013, Fahl released her latest full-length album, \"Love and Gravity\". In late 2014 came the 2CD \"Live at the Mauch Chunk Opera House\", and in 2016 \"Four Songs\", a collection of Italian Arias, available only through her website. The band's self-titled major-label debut",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5750319",
"score": "0.90849656",
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},
{
"title": "A Saucerful of Secrets",
"text": "album not to chart. However, when reissued as \"A Nice Pair\" with the original version of \"The Piper at the Gates of Dawn\" after the success of \"The Dark Side of the Moon\", the album did chart at number 36 on the \"Billboard\" 200. \"Let There Be More Light\" was released as a single, backed with \"Remember a Day\", in the US on 19 August 1969. The CD stereo mix of the album was first released in 1988, and in 1992 was digitally remastered and reissued as part of the \"Shine On\" box set. The remastered stereo CD was released",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2275859",
"score": "0.9062672",
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},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon (1990 film)",
"text": "operating for 30 years. Two of the crew members board the ship and find a dead body. The mission records of the crew's own ship indicate that the shuttle they have found disappeared in the Bermuda Triangle many years before. So what is it doing in space? As they attempt to solve this mystery, it quickly becomes apparent that a malevolent force has been waiting on the NASA shuttle, using the aforesaid dead body as its host and it now begins to stalk the crew members one at a time. The film was released on VHS by Vidmark Entertainment on",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "10168435",
"score": "0.9060569",
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},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "17 March before an audience of 6,000. The album reached the \"Billboard\" Top LPs & Tape chart's number one spot on 28 April 1973, and was so successful that the band returned two months later for another tour. Much of the album's early American success is attributed to the efforts of Pink Floyd's US record company, Capitol Records. Newly appointed chairman Bhaskar Menon set about trying to reverse the relatively poor sales of the band's 1971 studio album \"Meddle\". Meanwhile, disenchanted with Capitol, the band and manager O'Rourke had been quietly negotiating a new contract with CBS president Clive Davis,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530182",
"score": "0.9057526",
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},
{
"title": "Dark Side of the Moon Tour",
"text": "– A Piece for Assorted Lunatics\", the name under which it made its press debut in February 1972 at London's Rainbow Theatre. The title changed for the first part of the US tour to \"Eclipse (A Piece for Assorted Lunatics)\" during April and May before reverting to \"Dark Side of the Moon – A Piece for Assorted Lunatics\" in September for the second part of the US tour and finally released in 1973 under the title of \"The Dark Side of the Moon\". Remarkably, at its first full live performance at Guildhall, Portsmouth, England on 21 January 1972, most of",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "13124495",
"score": "0.90347266",
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},
{
"title": "Dark Side of the Moon (film)",
"text": "had been sold to NASA, and the tenth one is at the German Movie Museum in Frankfurt. There is no evidence that NASA ever lent one of their own lenses to Kubrick. Dark Side of the Moon (film) Dark Side of the Moon is a French mockumentary by director William Karel which originally aired on Arte in 2002 with the title Opération Lune. The basic premise for the film is the theory that the television footage from the Apollo 11 Moon landing was faked and recorded in a studio by the CIA with help from director Stanley Kubrick. It features",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3422110",
"score": "0.9028859",
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},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "any great lyrical point to it. And this one was clear and concise. The cover was also right. I think it's become like a benevolent noose hanging behind us. Throughout our entire career, people have said we would never top the \"Dark Side\" record and tour. But \"The Wall\" earned more in dollar terms.\" In 1979, \"The Dark Side of the Moon\" was released as a remastered LP by Mobile Fidelity Sound Lab, and in April 1988 on their \"Ultradisc\" gold CD format. The album was released by EMI on the then-new compact disc format in 1984, and in 1992",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530190",
"score": "0.89962256",
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},
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"text": "of the Moon\" in 2010. The group Voices on the Dark Side released the album \"Dark Side of the Moon a Cappella\", a complete a cappella version of the album. The bluegrass band Poor Man's Whiskey frequently play the album in bluegrass style, calling the suite \"Dark Side of the Moonshine\". A string quartet version of the album was released in 2004. In 2009, The Flaming Lips released a track-by-track remake of the album in collaboration with Stardeath and White Dwarfs, and featuring Henry Rollins and Peaches as guest musicians. Several notable acts have covered the album live in its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "530203",
"score": "0.89952165",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "The Dark Side of the Moon",
"long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and Them\". It is often ranked as one of the greatest albums of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The Dark Side of the Moon was a commercial and critical success. It topped the Billboard Top LPs & Tapes chart for a week and remained in the chart for 741 weeks from 1973 to 1988. After the rules were changed in 2009, the album re-entered the chart and eventually topped out at 937 total weeks. With an estimated 45 million copies sold, it is Pink Floyd's most successful album and one of the best-selling worldwide. It has been remastered and re-released several times, and covered in its entirety by several acts. It produced two singles, \"Money\" and \"Us and",
"short_answers": [
"a week"
]
}
|
who is the actor that plays jt on the young and the restless
|
[
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
] |
[
{
"title": "Kelly Andrews (The Young and the Restless)",
"text": "on the process of gaining the role of Kelly. She revealed, \"I got an email from \"Y&R\" casting director, Judy Blye Wilson asking me to send a reel of my work over for the possibility that they may need to recast Cynthia Watros, because it looked like her pilot was going to get picked up. Luckily, Jon Lindstrom had just helped me make a beautiful reel of some of my soap and film work. We sent that over, and then it was quiet for awhile. I know they were looking at a lot of actresses, who of course, wanted to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17985196",
"score": "1.0734812",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "J. T. Hellstrom",
"text": "J. T. Hellstrom J. T. Hellstrom is a fictional character from \"The Young and the Restless\", an American soap opera on the CBS network. The role was portrayed by actor Thad Luckinbill from August 27, 1999, to November 5, 2010. Luckinbill originally appeared on a recurring basis until he was put on contract in November 2002. On November 3, 2017, it was announced that Luckinbill would reprise the role of J.T., beginning December 12, 2017. Luckinbill exited on April 16, 2018, when the character was killed off. J. T. Hellstrom is introduced in 1999 as a high school friend of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8143021",
"score": "1.0690286",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Redaric Williams",
"text": "Redaric Williams Jimmie Williams, known professionally as Redaric Williams, is an American actor, model, author and musician. As an actor, he is best known for his role as Tyler Michaelson on the U.S. daytime drama, \"The Young and the Restless\". Redaric Williams was born in Petoskey and raised in Detroit. He has four older sisters, a twin sister, as well as a younger sister and a younger brother. Frequently moving as a youth, he attended three different high schools before graduating from Denby High School in Detroit Williams attended the University of North Texas as a student athlete for UNT's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16921161",
"score": "1.0585408",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Quinn Redeker",
"text": "Michael Cimino. As an actor, Redeker was twice nominated for the \"Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series\" Daytime Emmy Award for his role on \"The Young and the Restless\", both in 1989 and 1990. He also won a Soapy Award for Best Villain for his role on \"Days of our Lives\" in 1983, along with a Soap Opera Digest Award for \"Outstanding Actor in a Supporting Role: Daytime\" for \"The Young and the Restless\". Quinn Redeker Quinn K. Redeker (born May 2, 1936) is an American actor and screenwriter, who is well known for his work on soap operas.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10756056",
"score": "1.031615",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Aaron Lustig",
"text": "Aaron Lustig Aaron Lustig (born September 17, 1956) is an American film and television actor. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1997, for Best Supporting Actor on \"The Young and the Restless\" as Tim Reid, whom he has also portrayed on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". He guest-starred in \"Criminal Minds\" as Walter Kern, a serial killer who has been inactive for eighteen years, in the episode \"Unfinished Business\". He made guest appearances in the seventh season of \"Desperate Housewives\" as a transplant coordinator working on the case of Susan Delfino (Teri Hatcher). Lustig currently resides in Sherman",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8351888",
"score": "1.0302536",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Doug Davidson",
"text": "not renewed. Davidson confirmed that he was \"not included\" in the new direction for \"The Young and the Restless\". He has been married to actress Cindy Fisher since 1984. They have two children, daughter Calyssa and son Caden. Doug Davidson Douglas Donald Davidson (born October 24, 1954 in Glendale, California) is an American television actor. He portrayed private investigator Paul Williams on the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" from May 1978 until 2018, which made him the series' longest-serving cast member. Davidson appeared as captain of \"The Young and the Restless\" team when they played for charity",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3312468",
"score": "1.0270095",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Paul Williams (The Young and the Restless)",
"text": "in the Daytime Emmy Award category for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series. Paul Williams (The Young and the Restless) Paul Williams is a fictional character on the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". Paul was introduced to the show on May 23, 1978, and has been portrayed by Doug Davidson ever since. Initially Paul was a \"bad boy\", who had a romance with Nikki Newman (Melody Thomas Scott), giving her an STD. The relationship ultimately ended, but the two have remained friends since. After a year on the series, Bell gave the character a proper",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8117127",
"score": "1.0168498",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Ryan Ashton",
"text": "Carolina School of the Arts School of Filmmaking where he received a BFA in Directing for Film. Ryan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20635534",
"score": "1.0165821",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Marnie Schulenburg",
"text": "plans to devote her spare time to pursuing acting jobs in theater. On September 15, 2013 she married her boyfriend of 10 years, actor Zack Robidas. She made her debut on \"The Young and the Restless\" then moved to \"As the World Turns\" as Alison Stewart. The appearance began a crossover between \"ATWT\" and \"TYaTR\" that included a special online-only series called \"L.A. Diaries\". Schulenburg, a Cape Cod native, was cast on the daytime drama \"As the World Turns\" and signed to a three-year contract. In 2013, she was cast on \"One Life to Live\" in the role of Jo",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10108765",
"score": "1.0146668",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Thad Luckinbill",
"text": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Aaron Lustig",
"text": "Oaks, California. Aaron Lustig Aaron Lustig (born September 17, 1956) is an American film and television actor. He was nominated for an Emmy Award in 1997, for Best Supporting Actor on \"The Young and the Restless\" as Tim Reid, whom he has also portrayed on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". He guest-starred in \"Criminal Minds\" as Walter Kern, a serial killer who has been inactive for eighteen years, in the episode \"Unfinished Business\". He made guest appearances in the seventh season of \"Desperate Housewives\" as a transplant coordinator working on the case of Susan Delfino (Teri Hatcher). Lustig currently resides",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8351889",
"score": "1.0144223",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Emily O'Brien",
"text": "she graduated in 2003, and at MiraCosta College, where she completed a theater major in 2005. She attended Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London, England and wrote, produced and directed her first project \"Beatrice\" in 2011. She portrayed Jana Hawkes Fisher in \"The Young and the Restless\". O'Brien was nominated for three Daytime Emmy Awards for her performance in \"The Young and the Restless\". She portrayed the role again in November 2008, when a parody of the show was the theme of the 1st showcase on \"The Price Is Right\". O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8167791",
"score": "1.0113242",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Ryan Ashton",
"text": "Ryan Ashton Ryan Ashton (born September 24, 1984) is an American actor, director, and screenwriter. Ashton is best known for his portrayal of Zack Sinnett on the CBS daytime soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", which earned a nomination for the Daytime Emmy Award for Guest Performer in a Drama Series in 2018. He appeared in the feature film, , and wrote, directed, and starred in the Bedsider series The Guys Guide to Birth Control, which was featured in The New York Times and The Huffington Post. He grew up in Scituate, Massachusetts before attending The University of North",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20635533",
"score": "1.0105584",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Kate Linder",
"text": "from his first marriage, Jay, Jon, and Karyn. Kate Linder Kate Linder (born November 2, 1947) is an American actress, best known for her role as Esther Valentine on \"The Young and the Restless\", which she has played since 1982. Linder was born in Pasadena, California, and graduated with a BA in theatre arts from San Francisco State University. During that time, she also began working as a flight attendant for Transamerica Airlines. After graduation, Linder found work on television, including roles on \"Archie Bunker's Place\" and \"Bay City Blues\". In 1982 she was cast as Esther Valentine on CBS",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8921166",
"score": "1.0042424",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Adrienne Frantz",
"text": "Adrienne Frantz Adrienne Danielle Frantz (born June 7, 1978) is an American actress and singer-songwriter. She appeared as Amber Moore in \"The Bold and the Beautiful\" (1997–2005, 2010–2012) and \"The Young and the Restless\" (2006–2010, 2013). Frantz was born in Mount Clemens, Michigan. She first broke into the soap opera genre in 1997 as Tiffany Thorne on \"Sunset Beach\", Frantz left the show later that year for her role as the villainess turned sympathetic heroine Amber on \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". In 2001, her portrayal garnered Frantz a Daytime Emmy in the Outstanding Younger Actress category. Frantz played the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4294091",
"score": "0.99604374",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Ashley Abbott",
"text": "September 25, 2008. In May 2012, Davidson informed followers on her Twitter page that she had been let go from \"The Young and the Restless\". Davidson further confirmed she did not know why she was let go, but was seeing the positive light from it. It was then announced by Nelson Branco that Sony Pictures Entertainment wanted Davidson on both \"The Young and the Restless\" and \"Days of Our Lives\", but that \"Y&R\" would not share the actress, leading to Sony terminating her contract with the soap. Thus it was announced that Davidson would reprise her role as Kristen Blake",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8117938",
"score": "0.99330044",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "The Young and the Restless",
"text": "Paul Williams, played by Doug Davidson, and Jack Abbott, played by Terry Lester- both of whom had a relatively insignificant presence on the show,\" Bell said. \"They didn't have families. Hell, they didn't even have bedrooms. But these became the two characters I would build our two families around.\" The characters from the Abbott and Williams families were integrated into the series while the Brooks and Foster families, with the exception of Jill, were phased out. The continuity of the feud between Jill and Katherine, which began in the early years of the show, smoothed the transition. The relationship between",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1579409",
"score": "0.9925883",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Kristoff St. John",
"text": "Kristoff St. John Kristoff St. John (born July 15, 1966) is an American actor, best known for his role as Neil Winters on the daytime US drama \"The Young and the Restless\". Kristoff St. John was born July 15, 1966, in New York City. His father, Christopher St. John, is an actor and director, while his stepmother, Marie, is an actress who graduated from London's Royal Academy of Dramatic Art. As a child, St. John portrayed a young Alex Haley in the ABC miniseries \"\". He also made a small but notable appearance as Booker Brown on the ABC sitcom",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3321197",
"score": "0.9922154",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Christel Khalil",
"text": "\"The Young and the Restless\". In 2012, she was featured in musician Johnny Britt's music video for his single \"Beautiful Queen\". In 2008, she married musician Stephen Hensley. \"The Young and the Restless\" co-star Elizabeth Hendrickson served as a bridesmaid while Bryton James was a groomsman. Khalil gave birth to their son in April 2010, during an at home water birth. Bryton James is his godfather and actress Fadhia Marcelin is his godmother. She and Hensley split in early 2011, divorced later that year, and share custody of their son. In 2015, Khalil stated she had been in a relationship",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5616602",
"score": "0.99098027",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Amber Moore",
"text": "contract expired in June 2005. That October, it was announced that Frantz would reprise the role on \"The Young and the Restless\", introduced by former executive producer and head writer Lynn Marie Latham. When the character joined the show's sister soap, her intentions laid the same, to try and attract a handsome bartender Cane Ashby who was destined for a fortune (thought to be Phillip Chancellor III). In 2010, it was announced Frantz would be leaving \"The Young and the Restless\" and returning to \"The Bold and the Beautiful\". For her portrayal, Frantz has won a Daytime Emmy Award for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14098280",
"score": "0.9900644",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "The D'Ambrosio Twins",
"text": "with video, commercial and film director Paul Boyd to look great. The D'Ambrosio Twins released a video and single for “Young And Free\" on June 1 and was directed by Paul Boyd. The song was co-written by Marko DeSantis of the band Sugarcult and features musical.ly sensation, Hayden Summerall. The video was premiered on Celebmix. The D'Ambrosio Twins Bianca D'Ambrosio and Chiara D'Ambrosio (born April 28, 2005), also known collectively as the D'Ambrosio Twins, are American child actresses and musicians. The twins made their acting debut playing Summer Newman on the soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". At the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19828005",
"score": "0.9881667",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Judith Chapman",
"text": "of Anjelica Devereaux Curtis on \"Days of Our Lives\", playing that part from 1989-1990 and briefly in 1991. She made her first appearance on \"The Young and the Restless\" after that, briefly subbing for Jess Walton as Jill Abbott. She joined the cast of \"The Young and the Restless\" full-time in January 2005, replacing Joan Van Ark in the contract role of Gloria Fisher. In March 2011, it was announced that Chapman had been taken off her contract and bumped to recurring. In October 2014, it was announced that she would make a guest appearance as Gloria on \"The Bold",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3582916",
"score": "0.98802674",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Eli Grant",
"text": "due to begin taping in late August and expected to begin appearing by early 2017. In December 2016, it was reported that Lamon Archey, known for his portrayal of Mason Wilder on \"The Young and the Restless\" had been cast in a role and would debut in early 2017. Archey had previously appeared on \"Days of Our Lives\" in an \"under-five\" role which he says lead to his casting on \"The Young and the Restless\". Seaforth Hayes announced the casting on December 11, 2016, and revealed he would portray the role of Eli Grant. Archey's debut was slated for February",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20016906",
"score": "0.987736",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Brooke Marie Bridges",
"text": "Brooke Marie Bridges Brooke Marie Bridges (born August 5, 1991, in Los Angeles, California) is an American actress. She is best known for playing the young Lily Winters on \"The Young and the Restless\" from 1996 to 1998 and again in 2000. She is the daughter of Jimmy Bridges and the niece of actor Todd Bridges and Verda Bridges. She is currently working a full-time job and preparing for college. She is trying to pursue her dream as a singer/songwriter as well as a fashion model. She has two sisters, Penny Bridges and Rachel Bridges. She is also cousin of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9749087",
"score": "0.9875024",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "James Michael Gregary",
"text": "James Michael Gregary James Michael Gregary (born May 20, 1953) is an American actor, best known for playing the recurring role of Clint Radison on the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\", which he had played from 1989 to 1990, and again briefly in 1991, and returned to the role briefly in early 2009. Between his break from the soap, he had no other TV or movie appearances. His first and only role in movies was in 1989 when he appeared as \"Selim\" on \"The Favorite\". James Michael Gregary (born May 20, 1953) is a Greek–American actor, best",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12993618",
"score": "0.9870777",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Jana Hawkes",
"text": "Jana Hawkes Jana Hawkes is a fictional character from the American CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\". The role was portrayed by Emily O'Brien, first on a recurring status and then on contract until the character's death onscreen on May 6, 2011. Jana was married to Kevin Fisher, is the murderer of Carmen Mesta, and was involved in a number of illegal activities. She died of an aneurysm during a fight with her ex-husband's girlfriend, Chloe Mitchell. O'Brien portrayed the role initially on a recurring status from May 11 to September 5, 2006, and then on contract from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8967808",
"score": "0.9869632",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Eileen Davidson",
"text": "as Ashley on September 26, 2008. In 2012, Nelson Branco announced that Sony Pictures Entertainment wanted Davidson on both \"The Young and the Restless\" and \"Days of Our Lives\", but that \"Y&R\" would not share the actress, leading Sony to terminate her contract with them. Thus, it was announced that Davidson would reprise her role as Kristen Blake DiMera on \"Days of Our Lives\". Davidson made a brief appearance on \"The Young and the Restless\" in February 2013 for the soap's 40th anniversary. In July 2013, it was announced that Davidson made the decision to leave \"Days of Our Lives\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3237198",
"score": "0.9865142",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Jason Morgan and Sam McCall",
"text": "11 years prior. Miller is a three-time Daytime Emmy Award winner. He won for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2010 and 2013 for his role as Billy Abbott on \"The Young and the Restless.\" In 2014, he won Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series for the same role. The couple's official song is \"Just You and Me\" by Rie Sinclair. The song was first played for the couple on March 30, 2005, when they shared a romantic rooftop dance in the rain. In 2006, by popular demand, the couple's song was featured on SOAPnet's, television talk",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15762191",
"score": "0.9845597",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Bryton James",
"text": "in commercials and magazine ads, including one with singer Michael Jackson. At the age of four, he began portraying Richie Crawford on the sitcom \"Family Matters\", where he appeared from 1990 to 1997 in over 200 episodes. He has portrayed Devon Hamilton on the CBS soap opera \"The Young and the Restless\" since June 2004. He won the 2007 Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Younger Actor in a Drama Series, and earned nominations for the same award in 2006 and 2008. After being nominated for the NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Actor in a Daytime Drama Series from 2005 through",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5773545",
"score": "0.9833001",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Kevin Fisher (The Young and the Restless)",
"text": "with Jana Hawkes (Emily O'Brien), which was well received by viewers and garnered a fan following, as well, with Chloe Mitchell (Elizabeth Hendrickson). Their romance has been subject to mixed reviews. Rikaart has been praised for his portrayal of the role; Michael Fairman of \"On-Air On-Soaps\" considers him to be \"one of the most talented and best young actors on daytime\". Rikaart won a Daytime Emmy Award for his portrayal in 2005. Kevin was introduced as an internet predator, and later committed multiple other felonies. After his criminal activity died down, Rikaart commented that, \"In a way, it's almost like",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8150863",
"score": "0.98245853",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Thad Luckinbill",
"long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill (born April 24, 1975) is an American actor and producer best known for playing J.T. Hellstrom on the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless, from August 1999 to November 2010. He revived the role of J.T. in December 2017.",
"short_answers": [
"Thaddeus Rowe Luckinbill"
]
}
|
when was the first commercial cell phone released
|
[
"1983",
"1973"
] |
[
{
"title": "Douglas H. Ring",
"text": "invented and developed by Bell Labs engineers. Douglas H. Ring Douglas H. Ring (March 28, 1907 in Montana – September 8, 2000 in Red Bank, New Jersey) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began on December 11, 1947 with an internal memo written by Douglas H. Ring in which he proposed development of a cellular telephone system by AT&T. Although Martin Cooper of Motorola is considered the inventor of the first handheld cellular telephone and the first person to demonstrate to reporters a handheld cell phone call, Cooper's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10295189",
"score": "1.151141",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Motorola DynaTAC",
"text": "8000s, and continuing with periodic updates of increasing frequency until 1993's Classic II. The DynaTAC was replaced in most roles by the much smaller Motorola MicroTAC when it was first introduced in 1989, and by the time of the Motorola StarTAC's release in 1996, it was obsolete. The first cellular phone was the culmination of efforts begun at Bell Labs, which first proposed the idea of a cellular system in 1947, and continued to petition the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) for channels through the 1950s and 1960s, and research conducted at Motorola. In 1960, electrical engineer John F. Mitchell, became",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4594682",
"score": "1.1428747",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "W. Rae Young",
"text": "W. Rae Young William Rae Young, Jr. (October 30, 1915 – March 7, 2008) was one of the Bell Labs engineers that invented the cell phone. The history of cellular phone technology began in December 1947 with a Bell Labs internal report in which Rae Young suggested the hexagonal cell concept for a cellular mobile telephone system. Young graduated from the University of Michigan in 1937 with a B.S. degree in electrical engineering. After graduation, Young began working at Bell Labs in what became his lifetime employment. Young did research and development for Bell Labs in the fields of radar,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10762064",
"score": "1.1053834",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "History of mobile phones",
"text": "of the iconic early commercial cell phones such as the Motorola DynaTAC Analog AMPS were eventually superseded by Digital AMPS (D-AMPS) in 1990, and AMPS service was shut down by most North American carriers by 2008. In February 1986 Australia launched its Cellular Telephone System by Telecom Australia. Peter Reedman was the first Telecom Customer to be connected on 6 January 1986 along with five other subscribers as test customers prior to the official launch date of 28 February. In the 1990s, the 'second generation' mobile phone systems emerged. Two systems competed for supremacy in the global market: the European",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4215782",
"score": "1.1039414",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Nokia 7110",
"text": "model featured in the first \"Matrix\" movie, which is the Nokia 8110 (made three years prior), which was adapted with a spring mechanism to feature in the 1999 film. Nokia 7110 The Nokia 7110 is a GSM mobile phone announced in February 1999 and released in October 1999. It was the first mobile phone to run Series 40 and to come with a WAP browser. The Nokia 71** series of mobile phones in general featured a special, navi-roller button. It was considered to be one of the first true media phones with WAP and messaging capabilities. The 7110 was Nokia's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4075197",
"score": "1.1037693",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Camera phone",
"text": "first commercial camera phone complete with infrastructure was the J-SH04, made by Sharp Corporation; it had an integrated CCD sensor, with the Sha-Mail (Picture-Mail in Japanese) infrastructure developed in collaboration with Kahn's LightSurf venture, and marketed from 2001 by J-Phone in Japan today owned by Softbank. The first commercial deployment in North America of camera phones was in 2004. The Sprint wireless carriers deployed over one million camera phone manufactured by Sanyo and launched by the PictureMail infrastructure (Sha-Mail in English) developed and managed by LightSurf. While early phones had Internet connectivity, working web browsers and email-programs, the phone menu",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3158246",
"score": "1.093588",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Advanced Mobile Phone System",
"text": "Motorola, led a team that produced the DynaTAC8000x, the first commercially available cellular phone small enough to be easily carried, and made the first phone call from it. He later introduced the so-called Bag Phone. In 1992 the first smartphone, called IBM Simon, used AMPS. Frank Canova led its design at IBM and it was demonstrated that year at the COMDEX computer-industry trade-show. A refined version of the product was marketed to consumers in 1994 by BellSouth under the name Simon Personal Communicator. The Simon was the first device that can be properly referred to as a \"smartphone\", even though",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "30587",
"score": "1.0897855",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Motorola MicroTAC",
"text": "three models. The MicroTAC, released by Motorola on April 25, 1989, was the smallest and lightest phone available at the time. Upon its release, it made headlines across the world. The phone was released as the \"MicroTAC Pocket Cellular Telephone.\" The first MicroTACs were known as the Motorola 9800X, a continuation of the numerical name Motorola gave their phones in the 1980s. The MicroTAC was designed to fit into a shirt pocket. These very rare phones featured a black plastic housing and a red 8-character dot-matrix LED display, which was able to show more information than the display of its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10220101",
"score": "1.0802596",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Motorola International 3200",
"text": "Motorola International 3200 The Motorola International 3200 was the first digital hand-held mobile telephone introduced in 1992, along with the more compact 5200, 7200 and 7500 \"flip phones\" introduced in 1994. It was preceded by the International 1000 and 2000 GSM phones, quite big (small portable suitcase), and although being the first GSM portable phones, they were not GSM certified, therefore couldn't be officially connected to the network (first to be certified was Orbitel TPU 900). The International 3200 was designed to substitute the phones using the original analog cell technology developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5712453",
"score": "1.0797954",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "History of mobile phones",
"text": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Nokia 7110",
"text": "Nokia 7110 The Nokia 7110 is a GSM mobile phone announced in February 1999 and released in October 1999. It was the first mobile phone to run Series 40 and to come with a WAP browser. The Nokia 71** series of mobile phones in general featured a special, navi-roller button. It was considered to be one of the first true media phones with WAP and messaging capabilities. The 7110 was Nokia's second handset with a sliding cover that could be used to answer and terminate voice calls. As with the 8110 before, with the cover deployed, the microphone was brought",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4075194",
"score": "1.0745776",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Bell Mobility",
"text": "are generally the same as offered by the other two large carriers in Canada, Rogers Wireless and Telus Mobility. Due to the age of the technology as deployed by Bell, CDMA smartphones are no longer sold by Bell Mobility. The first cell phone conversation in Canada took place on the Bell network between Jean Drapeau and Art Eggleton, the mayors of Montreal and Toronto, on July 1, 1985. The first cell phone customer in Canada was Victor Surerus, a travelling funeral director out of Peterborough, Ontario who purchased a $2,700 CAD telephone set and took out a service subscription with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2558277",
"score": "1.0736313",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Motorola",
"text": "Germany. In 1994, Motorola introduced the world's first commercial digital radio system that combined paging, data and cellular communications and voice dispatch in a single radio network and handset. In 1995, Motorola introduced the world's first two-way pager which allowed users to receive text messages and e-mail and reply with a standard response. In 1997, to optimize cell phone production with room for future growth, production was moved to the new giant factory in Harvard, Il. Later with Motorola losing market share, phone assembly was moved to Fort Worth, Tx. leaving the Harvard facility. In 1998, Motorola was overtaken by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "270753",
"score": "1.0728358",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Martin Cooper (inventor)",
"text": "passers-by prior to walking into a scheduled press conference at the New York Hilton in midtown Manhattan. Standing on Sixth avenue near the Hilton, Cooper made the first handheld cellular phone call in public from the prototype DynaTAC. The call connected him to a base station Motorola had installed on the roof of the Burlington House (now the AllianceBernstein Building) and into the AT&T land-line telephone system. Reporters and onlookers watched as Cooper dialed the number of his chief competitor Dr. Joel S. Engel at ATT. \"Joel, this is Marty. I'm calling you from a cell phone, a real handheld",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7284626",
"score": "1.0687201",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Advanced Mobile Phone System",
"text": "September 2000, in Pakistan by October 2004, and Brazil by 2010. The first cellular network efforts began at Bell Labs and with research conducted at Motorola. In 1960, John F. Mitchell, an electrical engineer who had graduated from the Illinois Institute of Technology, became Motorola's chief engineer for its mobile-communication products. Mitchell oversaw the development and marketing of the first pager to use transistors. Motorola had long produced mobile telephones for automobiles, but these large and heavy models consumed too much power to allow their use without the automobile's engine running. Mitchell's team, which included the gifted Dr. Martin Cooper,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "30585",
"score": "1.0665753",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Nokia 8110",
"text": "Nokia 8110 Nokia 8110 is a mobile phone released in 1996. It was announced on September 9, 1996 as the first of Nokia's high-end \"8000\" series of phones. Its distinctive styling was the first example of a 'slider' form factor. A sliding cover protected the keypad when being carried in the pocket and extended downwards in use, bringing the microphone closer to the mouth. The action of opening the cover also answered an incoming call. The prominent curvature of the case, particularly when open, earned it the nickname \"banana phone\". It was also the first Nokia phone with monochrome graphic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9278032",
"score": "1.0662127",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Motorola A760",
"text": "Motorola A760 The Motorola A760 is a Linux-based camera equipped mobile telephone ('cell phone') developed at Motorola's laboratory in China and released in the Chinese market on February 16, 2003. The particular Linux distribution used was MontaVista Linux. It is the first phone to use Linux. The A760 is particularly significant in that Motorola was a founding member of the Symbian OS initiative (a software platform competing against Linux, Windows Mobile and Palm OS for mobile phones) and in spite of this, used Linux instead of Symbian for the phone. As such the A760 may mark the beginning of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3119918",
"score": "1.0595179",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Motorola",
"text": "the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the world's first commercial cellular device. By 1998, cell phones accounted for two-thirds of Motorola's gross revenue. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. In particular, it is known for the 6800 family and 68000 family of microprocessors and related peripheral ICs; the processors were used in Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Color Computer, and Apple Macintosh personal computers and in the early HP laser printers, and some 6800-family peripheral devices were used in the IBM PC series of personal computers. The PowerPC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "270751",
"score": "1.0584044",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Personal Communications Devices",
"text": "smart phone available on the market at that time. It began as the cellphone division of Audiovox in 1984, and was acquired by UTStarcom in 2004. In 2008, it became a privately owned company. The company worked with global manufacturers including Fujitsu, Huawei, Netgear, Sharp, Wistron Corporation, and ZTE; has partnerships with wireless service providers throughout the Americas including AT&T, T-Mobile, Sprint, Verizon, Virgin Mobile, Cricket, U.S. Cellular, Clear, C Spire, Telus, Claro, Cox Communications, Movilnet, Iusacell, Telefónica, Digicel, MTS and Centennial; and has introduced several first-to-market cellular devices within its 25-year history, including the introduction of the first smart",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16024220",
"score": "1.0572125",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Camera phone",
"text": "cell phone. Cameras on cell phones proved popular right from the start, as indicated by the J-Phone in Japan having had more than half of its subscribers using cell phone cameras in two years. The world soon followed. In 2003, more camera phones were sold worldwide than stand-alone digital cameras largely due to growth in Japan and Korea. In 2005, Nokia became the world's most sold digital camera brand. In 2006, half of the world's mobile phones had a built-in camera. In 2006, Thuraya released the first satellite phone with an integrated camera. The Thuraya SG-2520 was manufactured by Korean",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3158256",
"score": "1.056383",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "History of Nokia",
"text": "digital, portable and encrypted text-based communications device for the Finnish Defence Forces. In 1979, the merger of Nokia and Salora resulted in the establishment of \"Mobira Oy\". Mobira developed mobile phones for the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) network, called the \"1G\" and was the first fully automatic cellular phone system. It became commercially available in 1981. In 1982, Mobira introduced its first car phone, the \"Mobira Senator\" for NMT 450 networks. In 1984, Nokia purchased Salora. Nokia's telecommunications division was renamed \"Nokia-Mobira Oy\". In the same year, the \"Mobira Talkman\", an early portable phone was launched. In 1987, Nokia introduced",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18875099",
"score": "1.0548416",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Samsung Telecommunications",
"text": "developed its first CDMA mobile phone in March 1996, to coincide with the launch of CDMA service. The first digital handset, the SCH-100, was extra light and slim, and enabled clear voice communication. Before long, Samsung became the leader in the Personal Communications Service (PCS) market. It partnered with KTFreetel and Hansol PCS to provide PCS phones. Its first PCS phone, the SCH-1100, entered the market with innovative features, including a lightweight body, enhanced battery life, and the ability to capture delicate sounds. The design was targeted at the young generation because the young generation had emerged as a large",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12177036",
"score": "1.0537418",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Nokia 8810",
"text": "Nokia 8810 \"Not to be confused with Nokia 8110\" The Nokia 8810 is a slider style mobile phone handset manufactured by Nokia, announced on March 18, 1998. It is most notable as being among the first phones to have an internal antenna. It was designed to be the flagship and the most luxurious of all Nokia phones at the time, and also one of the first phones with chrome plating. The phonebook can store up to 250 names and numbers. Ten text messages can be stored on the internal memory. Contacts can also be stored on the SIM card, which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16056931",
"score": "1.0536635",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Motorola MicroTAC",
"text": "The phone's software offered advanced menu features, and each category, when accessed, was indicated with green icons at the bottom of the display. Categories included Phone Book, Timers, Security, Tone Control, Phone Options, and Answering Machine / Messaging. This was the first mobile phone to have a built-in, recordable answering machine. It was also the first mobile phone to use a Lithium-Ion battery. A series of GSM models were produced beginning in 1994, mostly in the UK, such as the International 5200, International 7500, and the International 8400, all running on the GSM 900 network. Many of these models are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10220112",
"score": "1.0526509",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Nokia 7650",
"text": "to the user) and 16 MB ROM. Nokia 7650 The Nokia 7650 is a 2.5G consumer-oriented smartphone belonging to the fashion and experimental (7xxx) series. It was introduced in Barcelona on 19 November 2001, and was described by CEO Jorma Ollila as the company's most important launch of that year. Feature-rich, it was the first Nokia phone with a built-in camera (VGA resolution), and thus its imaging capabilities was widely marketed. It has a large (at the time) 2.1\" colour display with a resolution of 176x208 pixels. The 7650 was also the company's first to feature Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11302119",
"score": "1.0518547",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "Twig Com",
"text": "by this stage, its former partner Nokia was already bringing to market GSM handsets such as the Nokia 1610. Benefon's first GSM phone was the 1997 Benefon Gamma, and the company continued to release new GSM handsets. The Benefon ESC!, released in 1999, was introduced and was one of the first cellular devices with a built in GPS. The Benefon Forte, operated on the NMT-450 standard and remained on the market for eleven years, until 2000. Engineered for tough operating conditions and equipped with a powerful antenna and transmitter, the phone found a niche operating on the edges of networks",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4694977",
"score": "1.0507832",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "John Francis Mitchell",
"text": "his previous decision and championed the portable cell phone concept.\" U.S. Patent 5,650,776, July 22, 1997 for a Communications Receiver with Thomas F. Holmes John Francis Mitchell John Francis Mitchell (January 1, 1928 – June 9, 2009) was an American electronics engineer and President & COO of Motorola. Mitchell led the pioneering development and implementation of the Motorola’s mobile phone technology producing the first portable transistorized pager and cell phone; was the driving force behind building quality into engineering, and the establishment of the Motorola University and Six Sigma Institute; and launched the global Iridium Satellite Constellation. He was born",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16018505",
"score": "1.0500714",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Nokia 6210",
"text": "connectivity batteries were available separately. A software upgrade was needed for existing 6210 owners. For this reason, an upgraded 6210 was the earliest cellular phone with bluetooth connectivity. The upgrade pack was ready several months before the launch of the first cellphone with bluetooth built-in, however, it was not released to market until sometime after the first integrated-bluetooth phone had been launched. It can certainly be considered to be the first phone with a bluetooth option. Speaking in 2014, the human-rights activist and former punk rock star Bob Geldof said that he still uses a Nokia 6210 14 years after",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13973423",
"score": "1.0497484",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "Nokia 101 (1992)",
"text": "phone was launched. Nokia 101 (1992) The Nokia 101 is an analogue mobile phone from Nokia released in 1992 that have variants for the NMT, AMPS and ETACS cellular networks. The 101 is considered to have been a significant handset for Nokia, one that started the company's major success in the market that decade. It was the first model in the new 3-digit naming strategy for analogue handsets. It was also Nokia's first in a candybar form as opposed to the previous \"bricks\" such as Nokia Talkman 600 or Nokia P4000. It weighed 280 grams, with Nokia marketing it as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20971689",
"score": "1.0491405",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
},
{
"title": "Motorola DynaTAC",
"text": "Field in Chicago, is considered to be a major turning point in communications. Later, Richard H. Frenkiel, the head of system development at Bell Laboratories, said about the DynaTAC: \"It was a real triumph; a great breakthrough.\" U.S. Patent 3,906,166, September 16, 1975 for a Radio Telephone System. the cell phone. Martin Cooper, Richard W. Dronsurth, Albert J. Leitich, Charles N. Lynk, James J. Mikulski, John F. Mitchell, Roy A. Richardson, and John H. Sangster. N.B. Two names were botched in the original filing; Albert Leitich's surname was erroneously omitted, and Dr. Mikulski's first name was omitted. The original document",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4594686",
"score": "1.0486223",
"original_retrieval_index": 44
}
] |
{
"title": "History of mobile phones",
"long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"chunked_long_answer": "On 6 March 1983, the DynaTAC 8000X mobile phone launched on the first US 1G network by Ameritech. It cost $100m to develop, and took over a decade to reach the market. The phone had a talk time of just thirty-five minutes and took ten hours to charge. Consumer demand was strong despite the battery life, weight, and low talk time, and waiting lists were in the thousands.",
"short_answers": [
"1983"
]
}
|
when did the first ice age come out
|
[
"2002",
"March 15, 2002"
] |
[
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "has occurred over the same period, and a chief contributor to the accelerated melting of the remaining glaciers and polar ice. A 2012 investigation finds that dinosaurs released methane through digestion in a similar amount to humanity's current methane release, which \"could have been a key factor\" to the very warm climate 150 million years ago. William Ruddiman has proposed the early anthropocene hypothesis, according to which the anthropocene era, as some people call the most recent period in the earth's history when the activities of the human species first began to have a significant global impact on the earth's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203624",
"score": "0.9411665",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "where evidence for this ice age was first clearly identified. There were extensive polar ice caps at intervals from 360 to 260 million years ago in South Africa during the Carboniferous and early Permian Periods. Correlatives are known from Argentina, also in the center of the ancient supercontinent Gondwanaland. The Quaternary Glaciation / Quaternary Ice Age started about 2.58 million years ago at the beginning of the Quaternary Period when the spread of ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere began. Since then, the world has seen cycles of glaciation with ice sheets advancing and retreating on 40,000- and 100,000-year time",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203609",
"score": "0.94030285",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "current ice age began 2.6 million years ago at the start of the Pleistocene epoch, and the Greenland, Arctic, and Antarctic ice sheets still exist. In 1742, Pierre Martel (1706–1767), an engineer and geographer living in Geneva, visited the valley of Chamonix in the Alps of Savoy. Two years later he published an account of his journey. He reported that the inhabitants of that valley attributed the dispersal of erratic boulders to the glaciers, saying that they had once extended much farther. Later similar explanations were reported from other regions of the Alps. In 1815 the carpenter and chamois hunter",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203592",
"score": "0.93780863",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "Dronning Maud ice cap merged with the main ice cap 27.9 million years ago. This was the formation of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. 25 million years ago brought about the first deer. It also was the time period in which the largest flying bird existed, the Pelagornis sandersi. Global refrigeration set in 22 million years ago. 20 million years ago brought about the first bears, giraffes, giant anteaters, and hyenas. There was also an increase in the diversity of birds. The first bovids, kangaroos, and mastodons came about 15 million years ago. This was the warmest part of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897399",
"score": "0.93293476",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "the first anatomically modern humans. The last glacial period began 115,000 years ago and ended 11,700 years ago. This time period saw the great advancement of polar ice sheets into the middle latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Around 75,000 years ago was the eruption of the Toba Supervolcano at present-day Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia. The eruption caused a world-wide volcanic winter that lasted six to ten years. It is possible that it may have even had a cooling effect on the climate that lasted for a thousand years. There is a bottleneck in the human DNA, and it is believed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897407",
"score": "0.9311412",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "8,000 years ago. Around 3,200 BC (5,200 years ago) was the first writing system. It was the cuneiform script used in Mesopotamia (present day Iraq). The last mammoths at Wrangle Island off the coast of Siberia went extinct around 3,700 years ago. According to Berkeley Earth's list of average global temperatures by year, the average global temperature for the 1850-1899 period was 13.8 °C (56.9 °F). Because greenhouse gases have increased rapidly since the 1800s, the average global temperature was 15.0 °C (58.9 °F) for the 2013-2017 period. Being in an interglacial, there is less ice than there was during",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897414",
"score": "0.93096447",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "in support of the controversial idea that the introduction of large-scale rice agriculture in Asia, coupled with extensive deforestation in Europe began to alter world climate by pumping significant amounts of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere over the last 1,000 years. In turn, a warmer atmosphere heated the oceans making them much less efficient storehouses of carbon dioxide and reinforcing global warming, possibly forestalling the onset of a new glacial age. The geological record appears to show that ice ages start when the continents are in positions which block or reduce the flow of warm water from the equator to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203626",
"score": "0.9284353",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Scandinavian prehistory",
"text": "the last ice age, the Weichselian glaciation. At the end of the ice age, large parts of south and middle Sweden were covered by water. Parts of Denmark, Scania and the Norwegian coast line were free from ice around 13000 BC, and around 10000 BC the rim of ice was around Dalsland, Västergötland and Östergötland. It wasn't until 7000 BC that all of Svealand and the modern coastal regions of North-eastern Sweden were free of ice, although the land was by then deeply pressed underwater. In Scandinavia, the time following the ice age begins at circa 9500 BC and is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5344039",
"score": "0.92144084",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "climate and ecosystems, did not begin in the 18th century with the advent of the Industrial Era, but dates back to 8,000 years ago, due to intense farming activities of our early agrarian ancestors. It was at that time that atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations stopped following the periodic pattern of the Milankovitch cycles. In his overdue-glaciation hypothesis Ruddiman states that an incipient glacial would probably have begun several thousand years ago, but the arrival of that scheduled glacial was forestalled by the activities of early farmers. At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union (December 17, 2008), scientists detailed evidence",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203625",
"score": "0.91674286",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Ice Age (franchise)",
"text": "Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "deposits from Western Australia. The Huronian ice age was caused by the elimination of atmospheric methane, a greenhouse gas, during the Great Oxygenation Event. The next well-documented ice age, and probably the most severe of the last billion years, occurred from 850 to 630 million years ago (the Cryogenian period) and may have produced a Snowball Earth in which glacial ice sheets reached the equator, possibly being ended by the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as produced by volcanoes. \"The presence of ice on the continents and pack ice on the oceans would inhibit both silicate weathering and photosynthesis, which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203607",
"score": "0.9125264",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "glacial maximum ran from 26,500 years ago to 20,000 years ago. Although different ice sheets reached maximum extent at somewhat different times, this was the time when ice sheets overall were at maximum extent. According to Blue Marble 3000 (a video by the Zurich University of Applied Sciences), the average global temperature around 19,000 BC (about 21,000 years ago) was 9.0 °C (48.2 °F). This is about 6.0 °C (10.8°F) colder than the 2013-2017 average. The figures given by the Intergovernmental Panel On Climate Change (IPCC) estimate a slightly lower global temperature than the figures given by the Zurich University",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897409",
"score": "0.9120003",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "ice age would usually begin within 1,500 years. They go on to say that emissions have been so high that it will not. The causes of ice ages are not fully understood for either the large-scale ice age periods or the smaller ebb and flow of glacial–interglacial periods within an ice age. The consensus is that several factors are important: atmospheric composition, such as the concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane (the specific levels of the previously mentioned gases are now able to be seen with the new ice core samples from EPICA Dome C in Antarctica over the past",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203619",
"score": "0.9116242",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Ice age",
"text": "glacial period ended about 11,500 years ago. Since then, Earth has been in an interglacial period called the Holocene. The major glacial stages of the current ice age in North America are the Illinoian, Eemian and Wisconsin glaciation. The use of the Nebraskan, Afton, Kansan, and Yarmouthian stages to subdivide the ice age in North America has been discontinued by Quaternary geologists and geomorphologists. These stages have all been merged into the Pre-Illinoian in the 1980s. During the most recent North American glaciation, during the latter part of the Last Glacial Maximum (26,000 to 13,300 years ago), ice sheets extended",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "203642",
"score": "0.9110712",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Würm glaciation",
"text": "sheet advances does not correlate automatically with the farthest extent of the Scandinavian ice sheet. In North America the corresponding \"last ice age\" is called the Wisconsin glaciation. In the Gelasian, i.e. at the beginning of the Quaternary period around 2.6 million years ago, an ice age began in the northern hemisphere which continues today. Characteristic of such ice ages is the glaciation of the polar caps. After the Gelasian followed the Early, Middle and Late Pleistocene with a succession of several warm and cold periods. The latter are often called \"ice ages\" or \"glacials\", the former term often being",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3884042",
"score": "0.91017747",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "History of Norfolk",
"text": "Ice-Age. The average temperature in July has been estimated as 13 °C and the area would have been below freezing for most of the winter months. From plant and insect remains it has been deduced that the area was marshy and covered with small areas of open still water similar to the modern day broads. Upper Paleolithic(40,000 to 10,000 BCE) During the last Ice age, reaching its greatest extent between 22,000 and 17,000 years ago, the so-called Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)the whole of Britain was either ice sheet or polar desert thus wiping out the entire gene pool. The return",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5143337",
"score": "0.9089916",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "the Earth's climate. Over a 100,000 year cycle, Earth oscillates between having a circular orbit to having a more elliptical orbit. From 2.58 million years ago to about 1.73 million ± 50,000 years years ago, the degree of axial tilt was the main cause of glacial and interglacial periods. 2.5 million years ago brought about the evolution of the earliest Smilodon species. Homo habilis came about two million years ago. This was the first species of the genus Homo. Conifer trees became more diverse in the high latitudes. The ancestor of cattle evolved in India, the Bos primigenus (aurochs). The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897405",
"score": "0.908867",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Timeline of glaciation",
"text": "Timeline of glaciation There have been five or six major ice ages in the history of Earth over the past 3 billion years. The Late Cenozoic Ice Age began 34 million years ago, its latest phase being the Quaternary glaciation, in progress since 2.58 million years ago. Within ice ages, there exist periods of more severe glacial conditions and more temperate referred to as glacial periods and interglacial periods, respectively. The Earth is currently in such an interglacial period of the Quaternary glaciation, with the last glacial period of the Quaternary having ended approximately 11,700 years ago, the current interglacial",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3802191",
"score": "0.9066794",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Earth",
"text": "known supercontinents, Rodinia, began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia , then finally Pangaea, which also broke apart . The present pattern of ice ages began about and then intensified during the Pleistocene about . High-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating about every . The last continental glaciation ended ago. Chemical reactions led to the first self-replicating molecules about four billion years ago. A half billion years later, the last common ancestor of all current life arose. The evolution of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "111070",
"score": "0.90471303",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Mälaren",
"text": "Norse for \"The Lake\". By the end of the last ice age about 11,000 years ago, much of northern Europe and North America was covered by ice sheets up to 3 km thick. At the end of the ice age when the glaciers retreated, the removal of the weight from the depressed land led to a post-glacial rebound. Initially the rebound was rapid, proceeding at about 7.5 cm/year. This phase lasted for about 2,000 years, and took place as the ice was being unloaded. Once deglaciation was complete, uplift slowed to about 2.5 cm/year, and decreased exponentially after that. Today,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "253188",
"score": "0.9031875",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "commenced with Greenland becoming increasingly covered by an ice sheet in late Pliocene (2.9-2.58 Ma ago). The evolution of the Paranthropus occurred 2.7 million years ago. 2.58 million years ago was the official start of the Pleistocene Glaciation, the current phase of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age. Throughout the Pleistocene, there have been glacial periods (cold periods with extended glaciation) and interglacial periods (warm periods with less glaciation). The term stadial is a rough equivalent of the term glacial period. And interstadial is a rough equivalent of the term interglacial period. The oscillation between glacial and interglacial periods is due",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897403",
"score": "0.8990533",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Climate state",
"text": "when there are no glaciers on Earth is considered a greenhouse climate state. An ice age implies the presence of extensive ice sheets at Earth polar regions. The time during an Ice Age glacial period, when glaciers reach their maximum extent is referred to as icehouse climate state. There have been five known ice ages in the Earth's past, with the Earth experiencing currently an interglacial period (warming) during the present Quaternary Ice Age, identified as the \"marine isotope stage 1\" (MIS1) in the Holocene epoch (or recently the Anthropocene epoch). The current climate state and evidence from the past",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17553940",
"score": "0.89884245",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "of the years from 1850 to 1899, the average temperature comes out to 13.8 °C (56.9°F). When subtracting 5.5 ± 1.5 °C (9.9 ± 2.7 °F) from the 1850-1899 average, the average temperature for the last glacial maximum comes out to 8.3 ± 1.5 °C (47.0 ± 2.7 °F). This is about 6.7 ± 1.5 °C (12.1 ± 2.7 °F) colder than the 2013-2017 average. This figure is open to interpretation because the IPCC does not specify 1850-1899 as being the present, or give any exact set of years as being the present. It also does not state whether or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897411",
"score": "0.8955116",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "the last glacial period. However, the last glacial period was just one part of the ice age that still continues today. Even though Earth is in an interglacial, there is still more ice than times outside of ice ages. There are also currently ice sheets in the Northern Hemisphere, which means that there is more ice on Earth than there was during the first 31 million years of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age. During that time, only the Antarctic ice sheets existed. Currently (as of 2012), about 3.1% of Earth's surface and 10.7% of the land area is covered in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897415",
"score": "0.8950555",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age, with average global temperatures around 18.4 °C (65.1 °F). This is about 3.4 °C (6.2 °F) warmer than the 2013-2017 average. Atmospheric CO2 levels were around 700 ppm. This time period was called the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). By 14 million years ago, the Antarctic ice sheets were similar in size and volume to present times. Glaciers were starting to form in the mountains of the Northern Hemisphere. The Great American Interchange occurred 9.5 million years ago. This was the migration of different land and freshwater animals between North and South America. During this time, armadillos,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897400",
"score": "0.89178586",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Quaternary glaciation",
"text": "as evidenced most clearly by ice cores for the past 800,000 years and marine sediment cores for the earlier period. Over the past 740,000 years there have been eight glacial cycles. The entire Quaternary Period, starting 2.58 Ma, is referred to as an ice age because at least one permanent large ice sheet—the Antarctic ice sheet—has existed continuously. There is uncertainty over how much of Greenland was covered by ice during each interglacial. Currently, Earth is in an interglacial period, which marked the beginning of the Holocene epoch. The current interglacial began between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago; this caused",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6911356",
"score": "0.8915303",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age The Late Cenozoic Ice Age, Holarctic-Antarctic Ice Age or Antarctic Glaciation began 33.9 million years ago at the Eocene-Oligocene Boundary and is ongoing. It is Earth's current ice age or icehouse period. Its beginning is marked by the formation of the Antarctic ice sheets. The Late Cenozoic Ice Age gets its name due to the fact that it covers roughly the last half of Cenozoic Era so far. Six million years after the start of the Late Cenozoic Ice Age, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet had formed, and 14 million years ago it had reached its",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897388",
"score": "0.89102876",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "History of Earth",
"text": "world. The large amounts of water held in the ice allowed for various bodies of water to shrink and sometimes disappear such as the North Sea and the Bering Strait. It is believed by many that a huge migration took place along Beringia which is why, today, there are camels (which evolved and became extinct in North America), horses (which evolved and became extinct in North America), and Native Americans. The ending of the last ice age coincided with the expansion of man, along with a massive die out of ice age mega-fauna. This extinction, nicknamed \"the Sixth Extinction\", has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5345835",
"score": "0.8910115",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Late Cenozoic Ice Age",
"text": "bit of 30 million years of an ice age.\" Although the term \"Late Cenozoic Ice Age\" isn't used, it appears to be referring to the same time period. It is uncertain when the term \"Late Cenozoic Ice Age\" was first used. But it dates back to at least 1973. Many early geophysicists lived in and studied landscapes of the Northern Hemisphere shaped by glacial processes of the last 1-2 million years. The name \"Quaternary\" became closely associated with these glaciations (more recently often the \"Pleistocene Ice Age\"). In contrast, the Antarctic ice sheet seemed more like a permanent feature, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20897392",
"score": "0.8908918",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Beringia",
"text": "current ice age, which occurred during the last years of the Pleistocene era. The Ice Age reached its peak during the Last Glacial Maximum, when ice sheets began advancing from 33,000YBP and reached their maximum limits 26,500YBP. Deglaciation commenced in the Northern Hemisphere approximately 19,000YBP and in Antarctica approximately 14,500 yearsYBP, which is consistent with evidence that glacial meltwater was the primary source for an abrupt rise in sea level 14,500YBP and the bridge was finally inundated around 11,000 YBP. The fossil evidence from many continents points to the extinction of large animals, termed Pleistocene megafauna, near the end of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1628282",
"score": "0.8892369",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Ice Age (franchise)",
"long_answer": "Ice Age is an American media franchise centering on a group of mammals surviving the Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one of the highest-grossing media franchises of all time.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Paleolithic ice age. It is produced by Blue Sky Studios, a division of 20th Century Fox, and featuring the voices of Ray Romano, John Leguizamo, Denis Leary, and Chris Wedge. Five films have been released in the series thus far with Ice Age in 2002, Ice Age: The Meltdown in 2006, Ice Age: Dawn of the Dinosaurs in 2009, Ice Age: Continental Drift in 2012, and Ice Age: Collision Course in 2016. It has received some criticism for making no attempt to be scientifically accurate. As of April 2016, the franchise had generated $6 billion in revenue, making it one",
"short_answers": [
"2002"
]
}
|
who is given credit for the gnu initiative
|
[
"Richard Stallman"
] |
[
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "Stallman has written many essays on software freedom, and has been an outspoken political campaigner for the free software movement since the early 1990s. The speeches he has regularly given are titled \"The GNU Project and the Free Software Movement\", \"The Dangers of Software Patents\", and \"Copyright and Community in the Age of Computer Networks\". In 2006 and 2007, during the eighteen month public consultation for the drafting of version 3 of the GNU General Public License, he added a fourth topic explaining the proposed changes. Linus Torvalds has criticized Stallman for what he considers \"black-and-white thinking\". Stallman's staunch advocacy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6683068",
"score": "1.1371312",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"text": "He later used \"GNU/Linux\" exclusively, and the essay was superseded by Stallman's 1997 essay, \"Linux and the GNU project\". Modern free software and Open-source software systems are composed of software by many different authors, including the Linux kernel developers, the GNU project, and other vendors such as those behind the X Window System. Desktop- and server-based distributions use GNU components such as the GNU C Library (glibc), GNU Core Utilities (Coreutils), and bash. In a 2002 analysis of the source code for Red Hat Linux 7.1, a typical Linux distribution, the total size of the packages from the GNU project",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2743535",
"score": "1.1309444",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "GNU Project",
"text": "to ensure that the \"entire\" software of a computer grants its users all freedom rights (use, share, study, modify), even the most fundamental and important part, the operating system (including all its numerous utility programs), needed to be free software. According to its manifesto, the founding goal of the project was to build a free operating system and, if possible, \"everything useful that normally comes with a Unix system so that one could get along without any software that is not free.\" Stallman decided to call this operating system \"GNU\" (a recursive acronym meaning \"\"GNU's not Unix\"\"), basing its design",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1953906",
"score": "1.1307832",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "will not lead to people valuing and defending their freedom. Two alternatives which Stallman does accept are \"software libre\" and \"unfettered software\", but \"free software\" is the term he asks people to use in English. For similar reasons, he argues for the term \"proprietary software\" rather than \"closed-source software\", when referring to software that is not free software. Stallman asks that the term \"GNU/Linux\", which he pronounces , be used to refer to the operating system created by combining the GNU system and the Linux kernel. Stallman refers to this operating system as \"a variant of GNU, and the GNU",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6683085",
"score": "1.1275152",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Software patents and free software",
"text": "the GNU General Public License does not allow software to be distributed if that software requires a patent licence that does not \"\"permit royalty-free redistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you\"\". In 2004, Open Source Risk Management commissioned a patent study, carried out by Dan Ravicher. For this study, Ravicher performed patent searches to estimate the patent-risk of the Linux kernel: In conclusion, he found that no court-validated software patent is infringed by the Linux kernel. However, Ravicher also found 283 issued but not yet court-validated software patents that, if upheld as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9814886",
"score": "1.1268046",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "GNU",
"text": "GNU GNU is an operating system and an extensive collection of computer software. GNU is composed wholly of free software, most of which is licensed under the GNU Project's own General Public License (GPL). \"GNU\" is a recursive acronym for \"GNU's Not Unix!\", chosen because GNU's design is Unix-like, but differs from Unix by being free software and containing no Unix code. The GNU project includes an operating system kernel, GNU HURD, which was the original focus of the Free Software Foundation (FSF). However, non-GNU kernels, such as the Linux kernel, can also be used with GNU software; as the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "150190",
"score": "1.121874",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "GNU",
"text": "GNU packages to the Free Software Foundation, though the Free Software Foundation considers it acceptable to release small changes to an existing project to the public domain. However, this is not required; package maintainers may retain copyright to the GNU packages they maintain, though since only the copyright holder may enforce the license used (such as the GNU GPL), the copyright holder in this case enforces it rather than the Free Software Foundation. For the development of needed software, Stallman wrote a license called the GNU General Public License (first called Emacs General Public License), with the goal to guarantee",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "150200",
"score": "1.1036875",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Matthew Garrett",
"text": "Matthew Garrett Matthew Garrett is a technologist, programmer, and free software activist who is a major contributor to a series of free software projects including Linux, GNOME, Debian, Ubuntu, and Red Hat. He is a recipient of the Free Software Award from the Free Software Foundation for his work on Secure Boot, UEFI, and the Linux kernel. Garrett states that he was born in Galway, Ireland and has a PhD in Genetics from the University of Cambridge. He is the author of several articles on \"Drosophila melanogaster\" (i.e., fruit fly) genetics. Garrett has been a contributor to the GNOME and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17935666",
"score": "1.1021383",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Martin Michlmayr",
"text": "in free software and open source projects, and particularly on release management processes and practices. In 2013, O'Reilly awarded an open source award to Michlmayr, putting him in \"the 'unsung heroes' category—the people who devote themselves to the important but not always glorious jobs that keep open source healthy\". Between 2008 and 2014 Michlmayr served on the board of directors of the Open Source Initiative, acting as the organization's secretary. He is a member of Software Freedom Conservancy's evaluation committee, which evaluates projects that apply to Conservancy for membership. Michlmayr acted as an advisor to Software in the Public Interest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5574214",
"score": "1.1009501",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"text": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "free software. With this, he also launched the free software movement. He has been the GNU project's lead architect and organizer, and developed a number of pieces of widely used GNU software including, among others, the GNU Compiler Collection, the GNU Debugger and the GNU Emacs text editor. In October 1985 he founded the Free Software Foundation. Stallman pioneered the concept of copyleft, which uses the principles of copyright law to preserve the right to use, modify and distribute free software, and is the main author of free software licenses which describe those terms, most notably the GNU General Public",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6683048",
"score": "1.09812",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"text": "in response to seeing \"an idealistic project stymied and made ineffective, because people don't usually give it the credit for what it has done,\" concluding \"If you're an idealist like me, that can ruin your whole decade.\" In response to another common argument (see below), the FSF acknowledges that many people have contributed to the system and that a short name cannot credit all of them, but argues that this cannot justify calling the system \"Linux\": In continuing to speak on the subject, in 2010, Stallman stated that naming is not simply a matter of giving equal mention to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2743543",
"score": "1.0963867",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Brian Fox (computer programmer)",
"text": "Bash, GNU Makeinfo, GNU Info, GNU Finger, GNU Echo and the readline and history libraries. He was also the maintainer of GNU Emacs for a time, and made many contributions to the software that was created for the GNU Project between 1986 and 1994. In 2008, Fox collaborated with Alan Dechert and Brent Turner to create a completely open source election system. The system was coded together with Parker Abercrombie, and demonstrated at the LinuxWorld conference in Moscone Center in San Francisco, August 5–7, 2008. Fox also is a founding member of both the California Association of Voting Officials (CAVO)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5304252",
"score": "1.096287",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "GNU Project",
"text": "list of projects is laid out and each project has specifics for what type of developer is able to perform the task needed for a certain piece of the GNU project. The skill level ranges from project to project but anyone with background knowledge in programming is encouraged to support the project. The packaging of GNU tools, together with the Linux kernel and other programs, is usually called a Linux distribution (distro). The GNU Project calls the combination of GNU and the Linux kernel \"GNU/Linux\", and asks others to do the same, resulting in the GNU/Linux naming controversy. Today most",
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"id": "1953916",
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},
{
"title": "Free Software Song",
"text": "Give GNU Up\". A version is used in the free software karaoke video game Sinatra. The lyrics have been placed in the public domain. Note: the audio-only recording on this page has slightly different lyrics, indicated in brackets below: In the spirit of free software, supporters are invited to write additional verses to the song. Free Software Song The Free Software Song is a filk song by Richard M. Stallman about free software. The song is set to the melody of the Bulgarian \"Sadi Moma\". A version of this song is also performed by a band (the GNU/Stallmans) during the",
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},
{
"title": "GNU Project",
"text": "notable projects of the GNU Project is the GNU Compiler Collection, whose components have been adopted as the standard compiler system on many Unix-like systems. The GNOME desktop effort was launched by the GNU Project because another desktop system, KDE, was becoming popular but required users to install Qt, which was then proprietary software. To prevent people from being tempted to install KDE and Qt, the GNU Project simultaneously launched two projects. One was the Harmony toolkit. This was an attempt to make a free software replacement for Qt. Had this project been successful, the perceived problem with the KDE",
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"id": "1953919",
"score": "1.0889087",
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},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "for free software inspired the creation of the Virtual Richard M. Stallman (vrms), software that analyzes the packages currently installed on a Debian GNU/Linux system, and reports those that are from the non-free tree. Stallman disagrees with parts of Debian's definition of free software. In 1999, Stallman called for development of a free online encyclopedia through the means of inviting the public to contribute articles. The resulting GNUPedia was eventually retired in favour of the emerging Wikipedia, which had similar aims and was enjoying greater success. Stallman is a world traveler and has visited at least 65 countries, mostly to",
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"id": "6683069",
"score": "1.0843484",
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},
{
"title": "GNU",
"text": "has been written by volunteers; some in their spare time, some paid by companies, educational institutions, and other non-profit organizations. In October 1985, Stallman set up the Free Software Foundation (FSF). In the late 1980s and 1990s, the FSF hired software developers to write the software needed for GNU. As GNU gained prominence, interested businesses began contributing to development or selling GNU software and technical support. The most prominent and successful of these was Cygnus Solutions, now part of Red Hat. The system's basic components include the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), the GNU C library (glibc), and GNU Core Utilities",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "150195",
"score": "1.0828729",
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},
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"text": "or the Alexis de Tocqueville Institution (AdTI), have been misinterpreted by many commentators who assume that the whole operating system is being targeted. SCO and the AdTI have even been accused of deliberately exploiting this confusion. Regarding suggestions that renaming efforts stem from egotism or personal pique, Stallman has responded that his interest is not in giving credit to himself but to the GNU Project: \"Some people think that it's because I want my ego to be fed. Of course, I'm not asking you to call it 'Stallmanix'.\" Stallman has admitted to irritation, although he believes it to be justified",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2743542",
"score": "1.0824046",
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},
{
"title": "GNU Project",
"text": "some is released under a weak copyleft or a lax, push-over free software license. The first goal of the GNU project was to create a whole free-software operating system. By 1992, the GNU project had completed all of the major operating system utilities, but had not completed their proposed operating system kernel, GNU Hurd. With the release of the Linux kernel, started independently by Linus Torvalds in 1991, and released under the GPL with version 0.12 in 1992, for the first time it was possible to run an operating system composed completely of free software. Though the Linux kernel is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1953914",
"score": "1.0809162",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"text": "preferred pronunciation (see below), has been criticized for its perceived clumsiness and verbosity, a factor that Torvalds has cited as the downfall of operating systems such as 386BSD. The \"Linux Journal\" speculated that Stallman's advocacy of the combined name stems from frustration that \"Linus got the glory for what [Stallman] wanted to do.\" Others have suggested that, regardless of the merits, Stallman's persistence in what sometimes seems a lost cause makes him and GNU look bad. For example, Larry McVoy (author of BitKeeper, once used to manage Linux kernel development) opined that \"claiming credit only makes one look foolish and",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2743545",
"score": "1.0790391",
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},
{
"title": "History of free and open-source software",
"text": "Manifesto in 1985 to outline the GNU Project's purpose and explain the importance of free software. Another probable inspiration for the GNU project and its manifesto was a disagreement between Stallman and Symbolics, Inc. over MIT's access to updates Symbolics had made to its Lisp machine, which was based on MIT code. Soon after the launch, he used the existing term \"free software\" and founded the Free Software Foundation to promote the concept. \"The Free Software Definition\" was published in February 1986. In 1989, the first version of the GNU General Public License was published. A slightly updated version 2",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9668105",
"score": "1.0789278",
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},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "the job. I chose to make the system compatible with Unix so that it would be portable, and so that Unix users could easily switch to it.\" In 1985, Stallman published the GNU Manifesto, which outlined his motivation for creating a free operating system called GNU, which would be compatible with Unix. The name GNU is a recursive acronym for \"GNU's Not Unix\". Soon after, he started a nonprofit corporation called the Free Software Foundation to employ free software programmers and provide a legal infrastructure for the free software movement. Stallman is the nonsalaried president of the FSF, which is",
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"id": "6683063",
"score": "1.0780238",
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},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization founded in Massachusetts. Stallman popularized the concept of \"copyleft\", a legal mechanism to protect the modification and redistribution rights for free software. It was first implemented in the GNU Emacs General Public License, and in 1989 the first program-independent GNU General Public License (GPL) was released. By then, much of the GNU system had been completed. Stallman was responsible for contributing many necessary tools, including a text editor (Emacs), compiler (GCC), debugger (GNU Debugger), and a build automator (GNU make). The notable omission was a kernel. In 1990, members of the GNU project began using Carnegie",
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"id": "6683064",
"score": "1.0772017",
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},
{
"title": "GNU Project",
"text": "mechanics of the program and modify it, freedom to redistribute copies, and freedom to improve and change modified versions for public use. To implement these freedoms, users needed full access to code. To ensure code remained free and provide it to the public, Stallman created the GNU General Public License (GPL), which allowed software and the future generations of code derived from it to remain free for public use. Although most of the GNU Project's output is technical in nature, it was launched as a social, ethical, and political initiative. As well as producing software and licenses, the GNU Project",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "1953911",
"score": "1.0771213",
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},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "Mellon's Mach microkernel in a project called GNU Hurd, which has yet to achieve the maturity level required for full POSIX compliance. In 1991, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish student, used the GNU's development tools to produce the free monolithic Linux kernel. The existing programs from the GNU project were readily ported to run on the resultant platform. Most sources use the name \"Linux\" to refer to the general-purpose operating system thus formed, while Stallman and the FSF call it \"GNU/Linux\". This has been a longstanding naming controversy in the free software community. Stallman argues that not using GNU in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6683065",
"score": "1.0756907",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "GNU Manifesto",
"text": "words, software developers (contributors) may modify, enhance, correct, etc. the source code under these terms; thereby contributing to the overall stability and feature-set of the software. Additionally, developers may even use the GNU Licensed code in their own applications (provided an exact copy of the received GNU license is included with all distributions). The second part of this section explains how it's not just the developers who will benefit, but also the end-users. The general trend throughout is that, in the opinion of the authors, everyone benefits from the project's stated goals. A fairly large part of the \"GNU Manifesto\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "161871",
"score": "1.0755647",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "Richard Stallman",
"text": "Project is its principal developer\". He claims that the connection between the GNU project's philosophy and its software is broken when people refer to the combination as merely Linux. Starting around 2003, he began also using the term \"GNU+Linux\", which he pronounces , to prevent others from pronouncing the phrase \"GNU/Linux\" as , which would erroneously imply that the Linux kernel is maintained by the GNU project. Stallman has said that he is \"an atheist of Jewish ancestry\" and often wears a button that reads \"Impeach God\". Stallman refers to mobile phones as \"portable surveillance and tracking devices\", refusing to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6683086",
"score": "1.0752358",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Michael Meeks (software developer)",
"text": "and dynsort implementations for GNU Binutils and glibc. Most of this work was focused at making OpenOffice.org and now its fork LibreOffice start faster, and was later subsumed into the \"-hash-style=gnu\" linking optimization. His work on iogrind also allows applications to be profiled and optimized to first-time (or 'cold') start far more rapidly . He supports LibreOffice and Evolution as the free software solutions for document editing and groupware. Previously he worked for Quantel gaining expertise in real time AV editing and playback achieved with high performance focused hardware/software solutions. Meeks is a Christian, which he says made him think",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10924162",
"score": "1.0727224",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
},
{
"title": "GNU",
"text": "GNU software to form a working operating system. The FSF maintains that an operating system built using the Linux kernel and GNU tools and utilities, should be considered a variant of GNU, and promotes the term \"GNU/Linux\" for such systems (leading to the GNU/Linux naming controversy). The GNU Project has endorsed Linux distributions, such as gNewSense, Trisquel and Parabola GNU/Linux-libre. Other GNU variants which do not use the Hurd as a kernel include Debian GNU/kFreeBSD and Debian GNU/NetBSD, bringing to fruition the early plan of GNU on a BSD kernel. The GNU Project recommends that contributors assign the copyright for",
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"id": "150199",
"score": "1.0722121",
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}
] |
{
"title": "GNU/Linux naming controversy",
"long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel was called GNU Hurd. The Hurd followed an ambitious design which proved unexpectedly difficult to implement and has only been marginally usable.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In 1983, Richard Stallman, founder of the Free Software Foundation, set forth plans of a complete Unix-like operating system, called GNU, composed entirely of free software. In September of that year, Stallman published a manifesto in Dr. Dobb's Journal detailing his new project publicly, outlining his vision of free software. Software development work began in January 1984. By 1991, the GNU mid-level portions of the operating system were almost complete, and the upper level could be supplied by the X Window System, but the lower level (kernel, device drivers, system-level utilities and daemons) was still mostly lacking. The GNU kernel",
"short_answers": [
"Richard Stallman"
]
}
|
who is the lead singer of collective soul
|
[
"Ed Roland"
] |
[
{
"title": "Ross Childress",
"text": "Ross Childress Ross Childress (born September 8, 1971) is an American musician. He was the original lead guitarist and co-songwriter for the rock band Collective Soul. Childress was born on September 8, 1971 in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA. Childress grew up with and had played with the original band members of Collective Soul before the group signed to Atlantic Records in early 1994. Over a period of eight years with the band, he recorded on, and toured in support of, five studio albums that have sold over seven million copies and generated seven #1 singles on the U.S. Billboard Mainstream Rock",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6212784",
"score": "1.134635",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Ross Childress",
"text": "guitar work from Ross. Ross is currently half of the duo performing as 2 Broke Kings along with Stephen Wines. They are sometimes joined by former Collective Soul drummer Shane Evans while performing at metro Atlanta venues. Ross Childress Ross Childress (born September 8, 1971) is an American musician. He was the original lead guitarist and co-songwriter for the rock band Collective Soul. Childress was born on September 8, 1971 in Stockbridge, Georgia, USA. Childress grew up with and had played with the original band members of Collective Soul before the group signed to Atlantic Records in early 1994. Over",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6212791",
"score": "1.0603245",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "The Collective (band)",
"text": "was a student at Rostrevor College in Woodforde, South Australia. He was also in the school choir and a cappella groups. William Singe, born , is from Forestville, New South Wales and was the rapper of The Collective. Singe is of Māori Australian descent. He previously auditioned for \"The X Factor\" in season three but only made it to the end of the bootcamp stage. Singe auditioned for the fourth season singing Justin Bieber's \"One Less Lonely Girl\" and received positive comments from the judges. Mel B felt that Singe was singing the song just to her, Guy Sebastian called",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16806790",
"score": "1.0570127",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "become a Grammy Award-winning producer for Collective Soul, Matchbox Twenty, Blessid Union of Souls and Edwin McCain, and landed executive positions with record companies. After the demise of Roland's previous music collaborations, he enlisted musicians to record a demo in a basement. Roland initially intended to sell the songs to a publishing company and had no immediate plans of forming a band out of it. The demo was submitted to WRAS (FM), 88.5's Amy Staehling, host of the long running and popular GEORGIA MUSIC SHOW at Georgia State University's 100,000 watt student radio station in Atlanta, the largest student run",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797616",
"score": "1.0270777",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "200. Notable singles from \"Collective Soul\" included US Rock Chart No. 1 hits \"December,\" \"Where The River Flows,\" and \"The World I Know,\" No. 2 hit \"Gel,\" and the Top 10 hit \"Smashing Young Man.\" Following a split with their manager, Collective Soul found their tour dates canceled and were called into the courtroom to face a legal battle that lasted into 1996, presumably with said ex-manager Bill Richardson. While the legal battles continued, the band went to a cabin, in the middle of of cow pasture in Stockbridge, and began recording. They recorded into a computer their impromptu efforts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797619",
"score": "1.0256596",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Cheney Brannon",
"text": "Cheney Brannon Cheney Brannon (born April 29, 1973) is an American musician. He is a former drummer for the rock band Collective Soul, and is the current drummer for acts such as Cheap Thrill, Riley Biederer, John Corabi and Joel Kosche. Brannon self-taught himself to play the drums at age 9. Two years later, at age 11, he joined his first band, Chapter One. At age 18, Brannon moved to Atlanta to take on its music scene. Brannon is credited in the liner notes of the Collective Soul album \"Afterwords\" (2007) as having played the tambourine on the track \"What",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17738965",
"score": "1.0158799",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Joel Kosche",
"text": "Joel Kosche Joel Sefton Kosche (born September 20, 1969) is an American musician. He is best known for his thirteen-year tenure as the lead guitarist of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also a solo artist, and tours with his backing band, Joel Kosche Band. His debut solo album, \"Fight Years\", was released in 2010. Kosche self-taught himself to play guitar at age 13, and later trained in classical guitar. Active in Atlanta's music scene, he co-founded the band Rhapsody, and in 1994, along with other members of Rhapsody, he co-founded the progressive rock band Jovian Storm which achieved",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10634389",
"score": "1.0130793",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "Colorado, where lead guitarist Jesse Triplett made his live debut as a member of Collective Soul. Triplett replaced Joel Kosche, who had been with the band since replacing original lead guitarist Ross Childress in 2001. On February 6, Collective Soul publicly confirmed Kosche's departure from the band: \"After 13 great years, Joel Kosche has moved on in the world of music. Collective Soul welcomes Jesse Triplett as our new lead guitarist.\" On his own Facebook page, Kosche said that he had not \"moved on in the world of music\" but that he'd been fired. The band's ninth studio album, \"See",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797631",
"score": "1.0083284",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "The Collective (band)",
"text": "group to pursue his solo career. The remaining members of The Collective disbanded that same month to also pursue solo careers. Trent Bell, born , is from Townsville, Queensland. He was a student at Kirwan State High School in Kirwan, Queensland and was the school captain in Year 12. Bell left Townsville in 2009 to pursue his dream for music; he auditioned for the seventh season of \"Australian Idol\" but did not make the top twelve. Bell also worked as a retail assistant in Brisbane. In 2011, he did vocal training and speech therapy. Bell previously auditioned for \"The X",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16806784",
"score": "1.0042293",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Joel Kosche",
"text": "lead guitarist.\" On May 27, Kosche broke his silence regarding his departure from the band in a post written on Facebook, saying it was not an amicable split and that it had nothing to do with him wanting to pursue a solo career or wanting to \"move on in the world of music.\" Joel Kosche Joel Sefton Kosche (born September 20, 1969) is an American musician. He is best known for his thirteen-year tenure as the lead guitarist of the rock band Collective Soul. He is also a solo artist, and tours with his backing band, Joel Kosche Band. His",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10634394",
"score": "0.978758",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "with Roadrunner Records a subsidiary of their previous label Atlantic Records. The first was single \"Staring Down\" and the second single was \"Welcome All Again\". \"Staring Down\" charted at #18 Billboard's Adult Top 40. The album debuted at No. 24 on the Billboard 200. The third single, \"You,\" also charted briefly on the Billboard Adult Top 40. Collective Soul were inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame in September 2009. In their induction speech, Roland thanked a long list of former members and collaborators who had involved over the past 3 decades, including Childress, Hoyle and Brannon. He also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797628",
"score": "0.9771393",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Sandra Nankoma",
"text": "Art from Makerere University. Sandra Nankoma Sandra Nankoma also previously known as Sandy Soul is a Ugandan recording artist, singer-songwriter, composer and performer of Afro-soul and jazz music and an actress. She landed into the music industry when she collaborated with Sylvester Kabombo on a hip hop song, \"Fumbiro\" in 2009. She later released her hit singles, “\"Mercedes\" and \"Kaddugala\". Sandra started to sing at a tender age. She joined the Fellowship choir at her new school, where she quickly became one of the leaders of the scripture Union choir, for 2 years. She is an almunus of Uganda Christian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19436534",
"score": "0.97709906",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Joel Kosche",
"text": "an outdoor concert in Rochester, Minnesota on August 21, 2011, it was announced that Kosche's wife had a baby daughter recently. In August 2013, Kosche collaborated with online education site JamPlay.com to put together guitar a series of lessons for aspiring guitarists and members of JamPlay. Collective Soul kicked off their 2014 North American winter tour without Kosche; Jesse Triplett took his place as lead guitarist. On February 6, Collective Soul publicly confirmed Kosche's departure from the band: \"After 13 great years, Joel Kosche has moved on in the world of music. Collective Soul welcomes Jesse Triplett as our new",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10634393",
"score": "0.97594696",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "radio station in the country, where she added the song \"Shine\" to the local rotation. It was an instant listener favorite. The demo was also passed along to WJRR in Orlando, Florida which began playing \"Shine,\" soon to be its most requested song. Amidst the surprise popularity, Roland agreed to perform live shows, enlisting his brother Dean on rhythm guitar, drummer Shane Evans, bassist Will Turpin, and lead guitarist Ross Childress, in what would be the first official lineup of Collective Soul. Atlantic Records took note of the popularity of \"Shine\" and subsequently signed them to a contract. Upon Collective",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797617",
"score": "0.9756355",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul (1995 album)",
"text": "Shane Evans was on vacation and unreachable. This forced the band to loop a drum sample of his from a DAT before hiring a second drummer to improve it. After many takes, Roland was also disappointed with the final version of \"Bleed\" but liked the song too much to remove it from the record. Mixing was completed in the first week of February 1995; mastering was finished on a Friday with the plants opened and the album delivered the next day. The band then went to New York City for a week of publicity and photo sessions. Collective Soul opened",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4443505",
"score": "0.9668068",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul (1995 album)",
"text": "for Van Halen during their Balance Tour which began on March 11, 1995 in Pensacola, Florida and ended in May 1995. The band then performed at festivals in the United States before taking a break and then continuing with their own solo tour including club shows. Seven songs from the new album were performed on tour with \"Shine\" being the only played track from their previous release. A new unnamed song was also performed in concert. The band's self-titled release included five singles: \"December,\" \"The World I Know,\" \"Where the River Flows,\" \"Gel\" and \"Smashing Young Man.\" The three former",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4443506",
"score": "0.96387815",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "released their sixth studio album, \"Youth\", which debuted at No. 66 on the Billboard 200. \"Counting the Days\" became a Top 10 rock hit. The second single, \"Better Now\" received significant airplay on Adult Top 40 radio, reaching the Top 10, and was used in commercials for the cereal Special K. The resultant US and Canadian tours lasted over two years. The third single \"How Do You Love\" became a Top 20 hit on Adult Top 40 radio. During the recording of this album, Shane Evans was dismissed from the band due to drug use, with session musician Ryan Hoyle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797624",
"score": "0.9596182",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Sandra Nankoma",
"text": "Sandra Nankoma Sandra Nankoma also previously known as Sandy Soul is a Ugandan recording artist, singer-songwriter, composer and performer of Afro-soul and jazz music and an actress. She landed into the music industry when she collaborated with Sylvester Kabombo on a hip hop song, \"Fumbiro\" in 2009. She later released her hit singles, “\"Mercedes\" and \"Kaddugala\". Sandra started to sing at a tender age. She joined the Fellowship choir at her new school, where she quickly became one of the leaders of the scripture Union choir, for 2 years. She is an almunus of Uganda Christian University Mukono where she",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19436528",
"score": "0.9576453",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "The Soul Clan",
"text": "The Soul Clan The Soul Clan was a collective of American soul musicians led by Solomon Burke, which started in 1966 as started by Burke, Otis Redding, Wilson Pickett, Don Covay and Joe Tex. Later, both Pickett and Redding left the collective and were replaced by fellow Atlantic artists such as Arthur Conley (a protege of Redding's) and Ben E. King. After the release of the minor successful R&B song, \"Soul Meeting\", the collective broke up in 1969. The collective, which included Pickett stepping in for Conley, who had by then settled in Europe, briefly reunited in 1981 for a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16916375",
"score": "0.9570601",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Soul for Real",
"text": "with a video available on his YouTube channel. The following year, the group released the official video for \"Love Again\" and premiered it on their VEVO channel. In that same year Jase4Real also released his third solo effort \"If You Feel Like Me: The Mixtape.\" Jason, better known as Jase/Jase4Real is the lead singer of the -platinum-selling R&B group, Soul for Real. He is best known for singing lead on \"Candy Rain\"; the group's biggest hit to date off the album of the same name. Now all grown up, he went on to pursue a solo career, releasing three solo",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5849873",
"score": "0.956532",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "North American Winter Tour",
"text": "new lead guitarist.\" North American Winter Tour The North American Winter Tour 2014 was a concert tour by American rock band Collective Soul. The tour kicked off on January 15 at Belly Up in Aspen, Colorado, where lead guitarist Jesse Triplett made his live debut as a member of Collective Soul. Triplett replaced Joel Kosche, who had been with the band since replacing original lead guitarist Ross Childress in 2001. On February 6, Collective Soul publicly confirmed Kosche's departure from the band: \"After 13 great years, Joel Kosche has moved on in the world of music. Collective Soul welcomes Jesse",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17796898",
"score": "0.95553374",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "Soul's seventh studio album, \"Afterwords\" was released in August 2007. It was co-produced by Anthony J. Resta who also contributed synthesizers, percussion and lead guitar on the song \"Bearing Witness\". The band made a deal in the US with Target stores, making it the \"exclusive physical retailer\" of \"Afterwords\" for one year. The album was immediately available in digital form on iTunes. The record debuted at # 25 on the Billboard Comprehensive Albums chart (as albums available only from a single retailer were ineligible for the \"Billboard\" 200 at the time). Billboard would later amend this rule due to similar",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797626",
"score": "0.95385766",
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},
{
"title": "Tanika Charles",
"text": "Tanika Charles Tanika Charles is a Canadian soul and rhythm and blues singer, who released her full-length debut album \"Soul Run\" in 2016. Formerly based in Edmonton, Alberta, Charles moved to Toronto, Ontario in the late 2000s after breaking up with her then-boyfriend. She performed as a backing vocalist for Bedouin Soundclash, Isis Salaam and Emmanuel Jal, and performed as a solo artist under the stage name Ms. Chawlz, before releasing her debut EP \"What! What? What!?\" in 2010. She released \"Soul Run\", the title track from her full-length album, as a preview single in fall 2015, and followed up",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19545824",
"score": "0.9522448",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"text": "compilation, \"Seven Year Itch: Greatest Hits 1994–2001\" (the title being stylized as \"7even Year Itch\"), which featured the two new songs, the single \"Next Homecoming\" and \"Energy\". The record marked the end of the group's contract with Atlantic Records and the departure of lead guitarist Childress due to private personal differences. The band promoted their longtime guitar technician, Joel Kosche from Jovian Storm, to be the new lead guitarist. In 2004 Collective Soul created their independent label, El Music Group which allowed the band greater control over the production and distribution of their music. In November of that year, they",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797623",
"score": "0.9517652",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Charlotte (singer)",
"text": "Charlotte (singer) Charlotte Kelly is a British singer-songwriter, composer, arranger, and record producer. Kelly rose to fame in the mid 1990s as one of the lead singers of British R&B group Soul II Soul, one of the London's best-selling groups of all time. She performed lead vocals on their single \"I Care\" for their fourth studio album \"Volume V: Believe\" (1995). She continued to record and perform with the group until the release of their final studio album \"Time for Change\" (1997). During their hiatus, Kelly released her debut solo album \"Just Another Girl\" (1998), which sold exclusively in Japan.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5507029",
"score": "0.9511221",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Antonique Smith",
"text": "Music Group. The video was directed by Larenz Tate and co-stars actor Lance Gross and Vine star King Bach and was released on December 2, 2014 on Essence Online. The single was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Traditional R&B Performance at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards. In 2015 she released the EP \"Love Is Everything\", which was funded by Kickstarter in 2012 and raised over $50,000 in 30 days from her fans. She co-wrote her Grammy-nominated single and theme for the television show \"Shots Fired\". Antonique Smith Antonique Smith (born August 11, 1979) is an American actress and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8341536",
"score": "0.94982344",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Cheney Brannon",
"text": "I Can Give You.\" In October 2008, Brannon became an official member of the band, replacing Ryan Hoyle on drums. During Brannon's tenure as drummer, Collective Soul performed the 2009 NFC Championship Game halftime show; recorded and released the album \"Collective Soul\" (2009), also known as \"Rabbit\" to differentiate it from the band's 1995 album of the same name; performed the song \"You\" on the March 16, 2010 episode of \"The Tonight Show with Jay Leno\"; re-recorded and released the single \"Tremble for My Beloved\" in 2010; and toured nationally and internationally from 2008–11. In September 2009, Collective Soul were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17738966",
"score": "0.9473536",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "The Collective (band)",
"text": "Trent Bell, Julian De Vizio, Zach Russell, Jayden Sierra and Will Singe successfully auditioned as soloists for the fourth season of \"The X Factor\" and progressed to the super bootcamp stage. After failing to make it into the top six of the Under-25 Boys category during super bootcamp, the judges Ronan Keating, Guy Sebastian, Natalie Bassingthwaighte and Mel B decided to put them together to form a boy band for the home visits stage, thus qualifying for the Groups category. During home visits, they travelled to London, England and sang Rihanna's \"We Found Love\", their first song as a group,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16806774",
"score": "0.94158757",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Ed Roland",
"text": "local Georgia music scene since the early 1980s. Despite the initial rejections, Collective Soul independently released \"Hints, Allegations & Things Left Unsaid\" in 1993 on a label called Rising Storm. It was a compilation of some of Roland's songwriting demos created when he worked at Real 2 Reel Studios. This collection eventually caught the attention of a college radio station in Orlando, Florida. Several other college radio stations began to play \"Shine\" and it became an underground hit. The popularity of the song and band was convincing enough that Atlantic Records signed Collective Soul in 1993 to a long term",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5686762",
"score": "0.9415218",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
}
] |
{
"title": "Collective Soul",
"long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Collective Soul is an American rock band originally from Stockbridge, Georgia. Now based in Atlanta, the group consists of lead vocalist Ed Roland, rhythm guitarist Dean Roland, bassist Will Turpin, drummer Johnny Rabb and lead guitarist Jesse Triplett.",
"short_answers": [
"Ed Roland"
]
}
|
who does dwyane wade play for right now
|
[
"the Miami Heat",
"Miami Heat"
] |
[
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": ", Wade is a shooting guard that is also capable of playing point guard as he did during his rookie season and in subsequent seasons with smaller lineups. On offense, he has established himself as one of the quickest and most difficult players to guard, as well as one of the best slashers in the NBA. Wade's signature one-two step allows him to dash past bigger defenders and occasionally get the extra foul shot. Wade is able to get to the free throw line consistently; he ranked first in free-throw attempts per 48 minutes in 2004–05 and again in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543414",
"score": "1.0884706",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "Wade. Three days later, Wade signed with the Cleveland Cavaliers. Wade took a chance at teaming up with LeBron James once again, but the union took a turn for the worse almost immediately, with Wade balking at coach Tyronn Lue's plan to bring him off the bench. Wade started for the Cavaliers in the first three games of season but struggled mightily, shooting 7-for-25 from the field. After a blowout loss to the Orlando Magic in the third game, Wade volunteered to demote himself to a bench role for the betterment of the team. Wade eventually took to the bench",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543406",
"score": "1.0714164",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "the 2013–14 season, Wade played in 54 games due to injury and the team's decision to rest him during back-to-back games. Wade averaged 19 points per game and posted a career-high 54 percent field goal percentage, and had notable games in victories against elite teams such as a 32-point outing against the Pacers on November 7 and 29 points against the Los Angeles Clippers on December 18. In the playoffs, the team increased Wade's minutes per game, noted by a 28-point performance in the closing game of Miami's second-round victory over the Brooklyn Nets and a 23-point outing in a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543399",
"score": "1.0674245",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "2006–07 season. He has proven himself an unselfish player, averaging 6.1 assists per game throughout his career. After winning the NBA Finals MVP Award in 2006, Wade developed a reputation as one of the premier clutch players in the NBA. He has gained a reputation for being capable of hitting game-winning baskets and potential game-winning free throws. David Thorpe, an athletic trainer who runs a training center for NBA players in the offseason, also cites Wade's developing post up game as one of his strengths. \"Watching Wade operate on the left block is literally like watching old footage of MJ",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543415",
"score": "1.0524238",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 1 seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12-time NBA All-Star, Wade is Miami's all-time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken. Dwyane Wade was born on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543353",
"score": "1.0232472",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "says she has been clean since 2003. Wade chose to play college basketball for Tom Crean at Marquette University in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. During Wade's freshman year at Marquette, he was ineligible to play with the men's team as he had fallen short of academic standards set by the NCAA's Proposition 48. Wade sought tutoring to improve his writing skills in order to regain eligibility. Wade earned eligibility to play for the 2001–2002 season, and he led the Golden Eagles in scoring with 17.8 ppg, led the conference in steals at 2.47 per game, and averaged 6.6 rebounds and 3.4 assists",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543362",
"score": "1.0203155",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "rehabilitate the shoulder or undergo season-ending surgery. Wade later announced that he would put off the surgery and rehabilitate his shoulder with the intention of rejoining the team in time for the playoffs. After missing 23 games to recover from the injury, Wade returned to the active roster in a game against the Charlotte Bobcats. Sporting a black sleeve to help protect his dislocated left shoulder, Wade played 27 minutes and recorded 12 points and 8 assists, in a 111–103 overtime loss. For the season, Wade averaged 27.4 points, 7.5 assists, 4.7 rebounds, and 2.1 steals per game shooting 50%",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543377",
"score": "1.0200909",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "per game for the season. After undergoing months of rehabilitation on his left knee and helping the U.S. Olympic team win a gold medal at the 2008 Olympics, in which he led the team in scoring, Wade returned to the starting lineup at the start of the 2008–09 season. Early in the season, Wade became the second player in NBA history to tally at least 40 points, 10 assists and five blocked shots in a game since Alvan Adams did so in the 1976–77 season. With a healthy Wade leading the league in scoring and the Heat making a push",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543380",
"score": "1.0187645",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "game of scoring in double figures in a double overtime thriller against the Chicago Bulls, in which he scored the game-winning three-point basket to secure a 130–127 win. Wade finished with 48 points on 71.4% shooting, 12 assists, 6 rebounds, 4 steals and 3 blocks in 50 minutes. According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wade joined Wilt Chamberlain as the only other player in NBA history to score that many points and have that many assists in a game, while having as high of a field goal percentage. Two games later, Wade surpassed Alonzo Mourning and became the Heat's all-time",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543384",
"score": "1.0168924",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "25, in a 125–115 loss to the Toronto Raptors, Wade scored a season-high 35 points, the most ever by a Miami bench player. On December 9, he scored 25 points in his 1,000th career game, leading the Heat to a 121–98 victory over the Los Angeles Clippers. Wade was a member of the 2004 U.S. national team with fellow NBA All-Stars LeBron James and Carmelo Anthony. The team competed in the 2006 FIBA World Championship in Japan, in which Wade averaged 19.3 points per game. The team won a bronze medal, which disappointed many United States' fans who had hoped",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543411",
"score": "1.0153598",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "the tournament and tallied a game-high 27 points in 27 minutes on 75% field goal shooting and added 4 steals, 2 assists and 2 rebounds in the game. For the tournament, he averaged a team-high 16 points in 18 minutes on 67% field goal shooting, 4 rebounds, 2 assists and 2.3 steals, as the United States lived up to their Redeem Team moniker and captured gold medal honors for the first time since 2000. On June 28, 2012, it was reported that Wade would miss the 2012 Summer Olympics in London because of knee surgery. Standing at tall and weighing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543413",
"score": "1.0125371",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "the Charlotte Bobcats, Wade helped the Heat clinch a playoff berth and become only the second team in NBA History to reach the postseason after winning 15 or fewer games the year before. In a 122–105 win against the New York Knicks, Wade recorded a career-high 55 points on 63% field goal shooting and added 9 rebounds and 4 assists. Wade recorded 50 points through three quarters and was pulled out of the game while he was one point shy of eclipsing the franchise record of 56 points set by Glen Rice. For the season, Wade averaged a league-high 30.2",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543386",
"score": "1.002816",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "for a return to the days of the original \"Dream Team\". Wade was named to the national team from 2006 to 2008. He was named co-captain of the 2006 team, along with James and Anthony. In 2007, due to injury, Wade was unable to compete at the FIBA Americas Championship, where the United States compiled a 10–0 record and qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, the United States went unbeaten and earned gold medal honors, defeating the 2006 World champion Spain in the final game. Wade led the team in scoring throughout",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543412",
"score": "0.99745554",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "from the field, and finished the season as the NBA's leader in PER (Player efficiency rating). In the playoffs, Wade averaged 23.5 points, 6.3 assists, and 4.8 rebounds per game, as the Heat were swept in the first round by the Chicago Bulls. Following the playoffs, Wade underwent a pair of successful surgeries to repair his dislocated left shoulder and left knee. The knee ailment, commonly called \"jumper's knee\", prevented Wade from joining USA Basketball in the Olympic Qualifying Tournament over the summer. After missing the Tournament of Americas Olympic Qualifiers over the summer, Miami's eight pre-season games and first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543378",
"score": "0.9961927",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "Lawn. Wade quickly found success as a wide receiver on the football team, but he needed to work extremely hard to earn playing time on the varsity basketball team during his junior year. While he did not acquire much playing time during his second year, his stepbrother, Demetris McDaniel, was the star of the team. Wade grew four inches in the summer before his junior year and saw an increase in playing time, averaging 20.7 points and 7.6 rebounds per game. The following year, Wade averaged 27.0 points and 11.0 rebounds per game while leading his team to a 24–5",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543359",
"score": "0.9927523",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "to a one-year, $20 million contract. Wade hit just seven shots from beyond the arc during the entire 2015–16 regular season. However, the 2016 postseason saw a change in Wade's play. He converted on his first seven three-point shot attempts before missing his first one during a Game 3 loss to the Toronto Raptors in the conference semi-finals. According to Elias Sports Bureau, Wade had never made more than five three-pointers in a row during his career. In July 2016, Wade joined his hometown team, the Chicago Bulls, on a two-year deal worth approximately $47 million. The Heat had a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543403",
"score": "0.9887435",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "seven regular season games to recover from off-season left knee and left shoulder surgeries, Wade made his first appearance of the 2007–08 season on November 14, 2007. Battling pain in his left knee throughout the season, Wade was elected to his fourth consecutive All-Star Game appearance. However, with the Heat holding the worst record in the NBA and Wade still experiencing problems in his left knee, Heat coach Pat Riley announced Wade would miss the final 21 games of the season to undergo OssaTron treatment on his left knee. Wade averaged 24.6 points, 6.9 assists, 4.2 rebounds, and 1.7 steals",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543379",
"score": "0.98650324",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "flu-like symptoms in game 6 of the Eastern Conference Finals against the Detroit Pistons. He put up a double-double with 14 points and 10 assists in that game, including an 8-point flurry to close out the third quarter that put the game out of reach. In his first trip to the NBA Finals, in which Miami faced off against the Dallas Mavericks, Wade had some especially memorable moments. His performance in games three, four, and five, in which he scored 42, 36, and 43 points, respectively, helped bring the Heat back from a 0–2 deficit to lead the series 3–2.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543373",
"score": "0.98562634",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "the Los Angeles Clippers, which was held at the MasterCard Center in Beijing, China. Miami won the game 94–80. On December 26, 2012, during an away game against the Charlotte Bobcats, Wade kicked guard Ramon Sessions in the groin. The following day, Wade was suspended by the NBA for one game. Wade finished the 2012–2013 season with averages of 21.2 points, 5 rebounds and 5.1 assists per game. In the playoffs, injuries limited Wade to a career-low scoring average of 15.9 points per game, but he upped his average to 19.6 points a game during the NBA Finals against the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543397",
"score": "0.984185",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "4.8 rebounds, 1.8 steals and 1.1 blocks per game, while leading his team to a 47–35 record, clinching the fifth seed in the NBA Playoffs. In the first round, with the Heat facing a sweep against the Boston Celtics, Wade recorded a career playoff-high and also franchise record 46 points, outscoring the entire Celtics team in the 4th quarter with 19 points versus 15 by Boston. It was also Wade's sixth career playoff game with at least 40 points scored. Despite averaging 33.2 points on 56.4% shooting, 6.8 assists, 5.6 rebounds, 1.6 steals and 1.6 blocks, Wade and the Heat",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543391",
"score": "0.97941375",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "as his high-flying style of basketball may be, some have expressed concerns over the dangers of playing in this manner, as Wade has already hurt his knees and wrists after mid-air collisions with larger players. Wade has also established himself on defense for his ability to block shots and accumulate steals. He became the NBA's all-time leader in blocks for players listed and under, which he achieved in only 679 games, over 400 games less than the previous record holder: Dennis Johnson (1,100). Wade married his high school girlfriend Siohvaughn Funches in 2002. He filed for a divorce in 2007,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543417",
"score": "0.9773236",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "Wade mended relations with Heat president Pat Riley; less than two weeks later, Wade found himself back in Miami. Wade fully believed for many months that he would eventually return to the Heat, though he figured it would happen in a free-agent deal in the summer of 2018. On February 9, in his return game for the Heat, Wade was introduced with a standing ovation from the crowd and came off the bench to score three points on 1-of-6 shooting with two assists, one rebound, a key late block, and four turnovers in 22 minutes of play in a 91–85",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543408",
"score": "0.976879",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "for a playoff position, Wade was elected to his fifth consecutive All-Star game appearance. Following the All-Star game, Wade recorded 50 points on 56.6% shooting and added 5 rebounds and 5 assists in a blow-out loss against the Orlando Magic. Wade became the fourth player in NBA history to score at least 50 points while his team lost by at least 20 in a game. The following game, Wade recorded a career-high 16 assists and added 31 points and 7 rebounds in a 103–91 win against the Detroit Pistons. Wade became the second player to record 15 or more assists",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543381",
"score": "0.9727419",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "projection. As a result, he elected to forgo his senior year at Marquette and enter the 2003 NBA draft. On February 3, 2007, almost four years after Wade played in his final collegiate game, Marquette retired his jersey at halftime of a game against Providence. Although Marquette requires student-athletes to graduate prior to receiving jersey retirement honors, the University made a special exception for Wade based on his accomplishments since leaving Marquette. On March 5, 2003, JoLinda Wade was released from prison. Three days later she saw Dwyane play basketball for the first time in five years. She watched Marquette",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543365",
"score": "0.9718739",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "after scoring at least 50 points since Wilt Chamberlain did so in 1968. Two games later, Wade tied a franchise record with 24 points in the fourth quarter, as he led the Heat back from a 15-point deficit in the final nine minutes of the quarter to secure a 120–115 win over the New York Knicks. For the game, Wade recorded 46 points on 55% field goal shooting, 10 assists, 8 rebounds, 4 steals and 3 blocks. Wade followed the performance with a second consecutive 40-point game against the Cleveland Cavaliers. Playing against his Eastern Conference rival and good friend,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543382",
"score": "0.9639046",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "goals in 30 minutes of play. He finished the 2005–06 regular season averaging 27.2 points, 6.7 assists, 5.7 rebounds, and 1.95 steals per game. Against the Chicago Bulls in the first round of the 2006 NBA Playoffs, Wade shook off a few injuries that scared Heat fans, including a severely bruised hip in Game 5. Returning late in the half, Wade resurrected his team by scoring 15 of his 28 points while suffering from intense pain, leading the Heat to the much-needed 3–2 series lead. After this, Wade successfully led his team to the 2006 NBA Finals, despite suffering from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543372",
"score": "0.9635803",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "win over the Milwaukee Bucks. On February 27, Wade scored a season-high 27 points, the last of those coming on a jumper that gave Miami its only lead of the fourth quarter with 5.9 seconds left, as the Heat rallied to beat the Philadelphia 76ers 102–101. Wade had 15 of his points in the fourth quarter. On April 3, in a 101–98 win over the Atlanta Hawks, Wade reached 5,000 assists in a Heat uniform, becoming the ninth player to score 20,000 points and collect 5,000 assists with one team, joining Karl Malone, Kobe Bryant, Michael Jordan, LeBron James, Larry",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543409",
"score": "0.9612763",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "points per game, earning his first NBA Scoring Title, and added 7.5 assists, 5.0 rebounds, 2.2 steals, and 1.3 blocks per game. Wade finished the season with higher point, assist, steal and block averages than LeBron James and Kobe Bryant, who both finished ahead of Wade in the MVP race. On November 1, in just his third game of the 2009–10 season Wade recorded his 10,000th career point in a 95–87 win against the Chicago Bulls. On November 12 against the Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade made a spectacular dunk over Anderson Varejão, considered by many to be one of the greatest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543387",
"score": "0.96076465",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"text": "Game, which was his sixth overall All-Star appearance. Wade was named the game's MVP after recording 28 points, 11 assists, 5 steals and 6 rebounds. In just his second game back from the All-Star Game on February 17, Wade strained his calf in the first quarter. He left the game with 8 points in 8 minutes of play, ending his personal and also Heat's franchise record streak of 148 consecutive games with at least 10 points. On April 2, Wade was named Eastern Conference Player of the Month and Player of the Week twice for his play in the month",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3543389",
"score": "0.95887786",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
}
] |
{
"title": "Dwyane Wade",
"long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09 season, Wade led the league in scoring and earned his first NBA scoring title. With LeBron James and Chris Bosh, Wade helped guide Miami to four consecutive NBA Finals from 2011 to 2014, winning back-to-back championships in 2012 and 2013. After 1½ seasons away from the Heat with the Chicago Bulls and Cleveland Cavaliers, Wade was traded back to Miami in February 2018. A 12-time NBA All-Star, Wade is Miami's all-time leader in points, games, assists and steals, shots made and shots taken.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Dwyane Tyrone Wade Jr. (/dweɪn/ dwayn; born January 17, 1982) is an American professional basketball player for the Miami Heat of the National Basketball Association (NBA). After a successful college career at Marquette, Wade was drafted fifth overall in the 2003 NBA draft by Miami. In his third season, Wade led the Heat to their first NBA Championship in franchise history and was named the 2006 NBA Finals MVP. At the 2008 Summer Olympics, Wade led the United States men's basketball team, commonly known as the \"Redeem Team\", in scoring, and helped them capture the gold medal. In the 2008–09",
"short_answers": [
"Miami Heat",
"the Miami Heat"
]
}
|
a drug that might be used in surgery for its amnesic properties is
|
[
"benzodiazepines",
"Benzodiazepines"
] |
[
{
"title": "Eticyclidine",
"text": "Schedule 1 list of illegal drugs in the 1970s, although it was only briefly abused in the 1970s and 1980s and is now little known. Eticyclidine Eticyclidine (PCE, CI-400) is a dissociative anesthetic drug with hallucinogenic effects. It is similar in effects to phencyclidine but is slightly more potent. PCE was developed by Parke-Davis in the 1970s and evaluated for anesthetic potential under the code name CI-400, but research into PCE was not continued after the development of ketamine, a similar drug with more favourable properties. PCE is slightly more potent than PCP and has similar effects, but its unpleasant",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9776568",
"score": "0.9599422",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Eticyclidine",
"text": "Eticyclidine Eticyclidine (PCE, CI-400) is a dissociative anesthetic drug with hallucinogenic effects. It is similar in effects to phencyclidine but is slightly more potent. PCE was developed by Parke-Davis in the 1970s and evaluated for anesthetic potential under the code name CI-400, but research into PCE was not continued after the development of ketamine, a similar drug with more favourable properties. PCE is slightly more potent than PCP and has similar effects, but its unpleasant taste and tendency to cause nausea made it less accepted by users. Due to its similarity in effects to PCP, PCE was placed into the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9776567",
"score": "0.950608",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Carbarsone",
"text": "only nitarsone approvals in place. In 2015 FDA withdrew the approval of using nitarsone in animal feeds. The ban came into effect at the end of 2015. Carbarsone Carbarsone is an organoarsenic compound used as an antiprotozoal drug for treatment of amebiasis and other infections. It was available for amebiasis in the United States as late as 1991. Thereafter, it remained available as a turkey feed additive for increasing weight gain and controlling histomoniasis (blackhead disease). Carbarsone is one of four arsenical animal drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in poultry and/or swine, along with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10972235",
"score": "0.9384415",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Atropine",
"text": "by Theophrastus in the fourth century B.C. for treatment of wounds, gout, and sleeplessness, and as a love potion. By the first century A.D. Dioscorides recognized wine of mandrake as an anaesthetic for treatment of pain or sleeplessness, to be given prior to surgery or cautery. The use of Solanaceae containing tropane alkaloids for anesthesia, often in combination with opium, persisted throughout the Roman and Islamic Empires and continued in Europe until superseded by the use of ether, chloroform, and other modern anesthetics. Atropine extracts from the Egyptian henbane were used by Cleopatra in the last century B.C. to dilate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1289447",
"score": "0.9286964",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Norepinephrine",
"text": "brain often have strong sedating effects, due to their inhibitory effects on the locus coeruleus. Clonidine, for example, is used for the treatment of anxiety disorders and insomnia, and also as a sedative premedication for patients about to undergo surgery. Xylazine, another drug in this group, is also a powerful sedative and is often used in combination with ketamine as a general anaesthetic for veterinary surgery—in the United States it has not been approved for use in humans. These are drugs whose primary effects are thought to be mediated by different neurotransmitter systems (dopamine for stimulants, serotonin for antidepressants), but",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9838152",
"score": "0.92844296",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Amfonelic acid",
"text": "Amfonelic acid Amfonelic acid (AFA; WIN 25,978) is a research chemical and dopaminergic stimulant with antibiotic properties. The stimulant properties of AFA were discovered serendipitously at Sterling-Winthrop in the midst of research on the antibiotic nalidixic acid. In addition to behaving as antibiotics, it was found that many derivatives of nalidixic acid have either stimulant or depressant effects on the central nervous system. Researchers at Sterling-Winthrop found that AFA had a higher potency and therapeutic index than cocaine or amphetamine and so it was singled out for further study. A small number of clinical trials were held in the 1970s,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13311098",
"score": "0.92562723",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Amlexanox",
"text": "ulcers associated with Behçet disease. In Japan, it is used to treat bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The drug is contraindicated in those with known allergies to it. Amlexanox may cause a slightly painful stinging or burning sensation, nausea or diarrhea. The drug is an anti-inflammatory, antiallergic immunomodulator. Its mechanism of action is not well-determined, but it might inhibit inflammation by inhibiting the release of histamine and leukotrienes. It has been shown to selectively inhibt TBK1 and IKK-ε, producing reversible weight loss and improved insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation and attenuated hepatic steatosis without affecting food intake in obese mice.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10973379",
"score": "0.92208564",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Amrinone",
"text": "the contraction, removes the Ca from the cytoplasm, stores it back in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and promotes the subsequent relaxation as well, producing a lusitropic effect. Both inotropic and lusitropic effects are the reason why amrinone is used to treat heart failure. Amrinone decreases the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure while increasing cardiac output because it functions as an arterial vasodilator and increases venous capacitance while decreasing venous return. There is a net decrease in myocardial wall tension, and O consumption when using amrinone. Amrinone also has beneficial effects during diastole in the left ventricle including relaxation, compliance and filling in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8677237",
"score": "0.9205487",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Polydioxanone",
"text": "depolymerization back to the monomer. The ether oxygen group in the backbone of the polymer chain is responsible for its flexibility. Polydioxanone is used for biomedical applications, particularly in the preparation of surgical sutures. Other biomedical applications include orthopedics, maxillofacial surgery, plastic surgery, drug delivery, cardiovascular applications, and tissue engineering. It is degraded by hydrolysis, and the end products are mainly excreted in urine, the remainder being eliminated by digestive or exhaled as CO. The biomaterial is completely reabsorbed in 6 months and can be seen only a minimal foreign body reaction tissue in the vicinity of the implant. Materials",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7485876",
"score": "0.9179038",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Benzodiazepine",
"text": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Amrinone",
"text": "in patients with heart failure showed that amrinone produced short-term hemodynamic improvement, but had limited long-term clinical benefit. Some serious side effects of long term administration included sustained ventricular tachycardia resulting in circulatory collapse, worsening myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, and worsening congestive heart failure. Amrinone has good absorption from the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to some gastrointestinal upset when taken orally. The oral form of the drug is no longer in use. Currently, only acute intravenous administration takes place. The effects of amrinone vary widely with species and experimental condition; therefore inotropic effects are variable. A loss in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8677241",
"score": "0.9149312",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Topological drugs",
"text": "the natural analogs nor the structural similarity to the biological molecules, are of particular interest. An example of such abiotic (xenobiotic) compounds is the carbocyclic adamantane derivatives. These compounds are widely used in drug therapy of the human diseases . Second type of the pharmaceuticals available on the market comprises the biological, biologically revealed, and biomimetic macromolecules with molecular weights more than 2000 Da, the therapeutic activity of which is defined mainly by the complex protein – protein interactions. This class of the high-weight biological macromolecules includes, for example, insulins, enzymes, interferons, proteins (albumin, etc.), and vaccines as well. At",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17647418",
"score": "0.9133626",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Bioinorganic chemistry",
"text": "of metal-containing pharmaceuticals, and compounds that interact with endogenous metal ions in enzyme active sites. The most widely used anti-cancer drug is cisplatin. MRI contrast agent commonly contain gadolinium. Lithium carbonate has been used to treat the manic phase of bipolar disorder. Gold antiarthritic drugs, e.g. auranofin have been commerciallized. Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules are metal complexes have been developed to suppress inflammation by releasing small amounts of carbon monoxide. The cardiovascular and neuronal importance of nitric oxide has been examined, including the enzyme nitric oxide synthase. (See also: nitrogen assimilation.) Besides, metallic transition complexes based on triazolopyrimidines have been tested",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4021498",
"score": "0.91289854",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Phencyclidine",
"text": "pharmacological investigations led to the rapid development of PCP. It was approved for use as an investigational drug under the brand names Sernyl and Sernylan in the 1950s as an anesthetic, but because of its long terminal half-life and adverse side effects, such as hallucinations, mania, delirium, and disorientation, it was removed from the market in 1965 and limited to veterinary use. PCP is a Schedule II substance in the United States and its ACSCN is 7471. Its manufacturing quota for 2014 was 19 grams. It is a Schedule I drug by the Controlled Drugs and Substances act in Canada,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "333838",
"score": "0.9112516",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Amfepramone",
"text": "Amfepramone Amfepramone, also known as diethylpropion, is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine, amphetamine, and cathinone classes that is used as an appetite suppressant. It is used in the short-term management of obesity, along with dietary and lifestyle changes. Amfepramone is most closely chemically related to the antidepressant and smoking cessation aid bupropion (previously called amfebutamone), which has also been developed as a weight-loss medicine when in a combination product with naltrexone. Amfepramone is believed to have relatively low abuse potential. but recently there have been reports of teens and adults in the UK abusing this drug, known as \"tombstones\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7311125",
"score": "0.9100756",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Ambroxol",
"text": "Gaucher and Parkinson's disease. Both ambroxol and its parent drug bromhexine have been shown to induce autophagy in several cell types, and ambroxol was shown to potentiate rifampicin therapy in a model of tuberculosis through host directed effects. Ambroxol Ambroxol is a drug that breaks up phlegm, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. Recently, a hypothesis suggested that it may have a potential role in treatment of Paget's disease of bone, Parkinsonism, and other common diseases of aging-associated diseases involving dysfunction of autophagy. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Mucobrox, Mucol, Lasolvan,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9468725",
"score": "0.9077049",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Uricosuric",
"text": "drugs in the presence of other medications. The primary uricosuric drugs include probenecid, benzbromarone and sulfinpyrazone. Drugs with other primary uses, that have known uricosuric properties, include losartan, atorvastatin, and fenofibrate. Although these drugs may have significant uricosuric action, their other significant pharmacological actions in off-label use as a uricosuric requires careful assessment of the patient to achieve the most benefit and least risk. Abdominal surgery also has a uricosuric effect, as well as the potential to precipitate an acute attack of gout. In general, uricosuric drugs act on the proximal tubules in the kidneys, where they interfere with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6449418",
"score": "0.9059262",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Carbarsone",
"text": "Carbarsone Carbarsone is an organoarsenic compound used as an antiprotozoal drug for treatment of amebiasis and other infections. It was available for amebiasis in the United States as late as 1991. Thereafter, it remained available as a turkey feed additive for increasing weight gain and controlling histomoniasis (blackhead disease). Carbarsone is one of four arsenical animal drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for use in poultry and/or swine, along with nitarsone, arsanilic acid, and roxarsone. In September 2013, the FDA announced that Zoetis and Fleming Laboratories would voluntarily withdraw current roxarsone, arsanilic acid, and carbarsone approvals, leaving",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10972234",
"score": "0.9058605",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Ambroxol",
"text": "Ambroxol Ambroxol is a drug that breaks up phlegm, used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus. Recently, a hypothesis suggested that it may have a potential role in treatment of Paget's disease of bone, Parkinsonism, and other common diseases of aging-associated diseases involving dysfunction of autophagy. It is the active ingredient of Mucosolvan, Mucobrox, Mucol, Lasolvan, Mucoangin, Surbronc, Ambolar, and Lysopain. The substance acts on mucus membranes, restoring the physiological clearance mechanisms of the respiratory tract (which play an important role in the body’s natural defence mechanisms) through several mechanisms, including breaking up phlegm,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9468720",
"score": "0.9043368",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Inhalant",
"text": "propane and butane gas, both of which are intended for use as fuels, are used as inhalants. Several medical anesthetics are used as recreational drugs, including diethyl ether (a drug that is no longer used medically, due to its high flammability and the development of safer alternatives) and nitrous oxide, which is widely used in the 2010s by dentists as an anti-anxiety drug during dental procedures. Diethyl ether has a long history of use as a recreational drug. The effects of ether intoxication are similar to those of alcohol intoxication, but more potent. Also, due to NMDA antagonism, the user",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "207055",
"score": "0.8994571",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Arabinopyranosyl-N-methyl-N-nitrosourea",
"text": "Arabinopyranosyl-N-methyl-N-nitrosourea Arabinopyranosyl-\"N\"-methyl-\"N\"-nitrosourea, also known as Aranose (Араноза) is a cytostatic anticancer chemotherapeutic drug of an alkylating type. Chemically it is a nitrosourea derivative. It was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1970s. It was claimed by its developers that its advantages over other nitrosoureas are a relatively low hematological toxicity (compared to other nitrosoureas available at that time) and a wider therapeutic index, which allows for its outpatient administration. It was first synthesized in late 1970s in the Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Soviet Cancer Research Institute (which belonged to Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR). Its first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17824417",
"score": "0.8991659",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Neurotechnology",
"text": "brain to produce new cells and to make more connections between neurons. Pharmaceuticals play a vital role in maintaining stable brain chemistry, and are the most commonly used neurotechnology by the general public and medicine. Drugs like sertraline, methylphenidate, and zolpidem act as chemical modulators in the brain, and they allow for normal activity in many people whose brains cannot act normally under physiological conditions. While pharmaceuticals are usually not mentioned and have their own field, the role of pharmaceuticals is perhaps the most far-reaching and commonplace in modern society (the focus on this article will largely ignore neuropharmaceuticals, for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3754375",
"score": "0.8989283",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Barbiturate",
"text": "barbiturates became recognized. Barbituric acid itself does not have any direct effect on the central nervous system and chemists have derived over 2,500 compounds from it that possess pharmacologically active qualities. The broad class of barbiturates is further broken down and classified according to speed of onset and duration of action. Ultrashort-acting barbiturates are commonly used for anesthesia because their extremely short duration of action allows for greater control. These properties allow doctors to rapidly put a patient \"under\" in emergency surgery situations. Doctors can also bring a patient out of anesthesia just as quickly, should complications arise during surgery.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13217954",
"score": "0.8983588",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "4-NEMD",
"text": "States military as an anaesthetic agent, most likely for use in surgery but possibly also for use as a non-lethal incapacitating agent, although this has not been officially confirmed. 4-NEMD 4-NEMD is a potent sedative drug which acts as a selective alpha-2 adrenergic agonist. It is closely related to dexmedetomidine but is several times more potent. Like other alpha-2 agonists, it produces sedative and muscle relaxant effects but without producing respiratory depression. It is not currently used in medicine but has been researched as the basis for a potential new generation of alpha-2 agonist drugs, which may have selectivity for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12262667",
"score": "0.89798486",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Anodyne",
"text": "Anodyne An anodyne is a drug used to lessen pain through reducing the sensitivity of the brain or nervous system. The term was common in medicine before the 20th century, but such drugs are now more often known as analgesics or painkillers. The name derives from Greek \"anōdynos\" (), from \"an-\" (, \"without\") and \"odynē\" (, \"pain\"). Etymologically, the term covers any substance that reduces pain, but the term was used more restrictively by doctors. Some definitions restrict the term to topical medications, including herbal simples such as onion, lily, root of mallows, leaves of violet, and elderberry. Other definitions",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2820253",
"score": "0.89711833",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Atrasentan",
"text": "end-point by the FDA. The recently initiated SONAR trial will determine if atrasentan reduces kidney failure in diabetic kidney disease. Atrasentan Atrasentan is an experimental drug that is being studied for the treatment of various types of cancer, including non-small cell lung cancer. It is also being investigated as a therapy for diabetic kidney disease. Atrasentan failed a phase 3 trial for prostate cancer in patients unresponsive to hormone therapy. A second trial confirmed this finding. It is an endothelin receptor antagonist selective for subtype A (ET). While other drugs of this type (sitaxentan, ambrisentan) exploit the vasoconstrictive properties of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11215050",
"score": "0.8932462",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Lonafarnib",
"text": "which showed that a cocktail of drugs that included lonafarnib and two other drugs met clinical efficacy endpoints that improved the height and diminished the rigidity of the bones of progeria patients. Lonafarnib Lonafarnib is a farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) that has been investigated in a human clinical trial as a treatment for progeria, which is an extremely rare genetic disorder in which symptoms resembling aspects of aging are manifested at a very early age. Lonafarnib is a synthetic tricyclic halogenated carboxamide with antineoplastic properties. As such, it is used primarily for cancer treatment. For those with progeria, research has shown",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10961623",
"score": "0.89158034",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "SRT1720",
"text": "SRT1720 SRT1720 is an experimental drug that was studied by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals intended as a small-molecule activator of the sirtuin subtype SIRT1. The compound has been studied in animals, but safety and efficacy in humans have not been established. In animal models of obesity and diabetes SRT1720 was found to improve insulin sensitivity and lower plasma glucose levels in fat, muscle and liver tissue, and increase mitochondrial and metabolic function. In mice rendered obese and diabetic by feeding a high-fat, high-sugar diet, a study performed at the National Institute of Aging found that feeding chow infused with the highest dose",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12651857",
"score": "0.8910806",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug",
"text": "by combining a short-term local anesthetic such as lidocaine with an NSAID acting as a longer term analgesic. However, as different species have varying reactions to different medications in the NSAID family, little of the existing research data can be extrapolated to animal species other than those specifically studied, and the relevant government agency in one area sometimes prohibits uses approved in other jurisdictions. For example, ketoprofen's effects have been studied in horses more than in ruminants but, due to controversy over its use in racehorses, veterinarians who treat livestock in the United States more commonly prescribe flunixin meglumine, which,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "295735",
"score": "0.8898968",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Synephrine",
"text": "trade name of \"Synephrin Tartrate\", and indicated that the dose was 100 mg, given intramuscularly, or subcutaneously. Published in 1966, the \"Textbook of Organic Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry\" described synephrine (in the form of its racemic tartrate) as a sympathomimetic agent that was \"less effective than epinephrine\", and which had been used for the treatment of chronic hypotension, collapse due to shock, and other conditions leading to hypotension. In a later (1972) textbook, synephrine was described as a drug, sold in Europe, that was administered in situations involving shock, such as surgical or bacteremic shock, and spinal anesthesia-related shock. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4790719",
"score": "0.889716",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Benzodiazepine",
"long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties. High doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines may also cause anterograde amnesia and dissociation. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, or long-acting. Short- and intermediate-acting benzodiazepines are preferred for the treatment of insomnia; longer-acting benzodiazepines are recommended for the treatment of anxiety.",
"short_answers": [
"benzodiazepines"
]
}
|
a single period of precession of earth's axis is completed in about
|
[
"approximately 26,000 years",
"26,000 years"
] |
[
{
"title": "Apsidal precession",
"text": "for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the fixed stars. The Earth's polar axis, and hence the solstices and equinoxes, precess with a period of about years in relation to the fixed stars. These two forms of 'precession' combine so that it takes between and years (and on average years) for the ellipse to revolve once relative to the vernal equinox, that is, for the perihelion to return to the same date (given a calendar that tracks the seasons perfectly). This interaction between the anomalistic and tropical cycle is important in the long-term climate variations on Earth, called the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12477161",
"score": "1.2795943",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "of the Sun relative to the backdrop of the stars at some seasonally fixed time slowly regresses a full 360° through all twelve traditional constellations of the zodiac, at the rate of about 50.3 seconds of arc per year, or 1 degree every 71.6 years. At present, the rate of precession corresponds to a period of 25,772 years, but the rate itself varies somewhat with time (see Values below), so one cannot say that in exactly 25,772 years the earth's axis will be back to where it is now. For further details, see Changing pole stars and Polar shift and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800302",
"score": "1.2705855",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Sidereal time",
"text": "23 h 56 min 4.1 s (86,164.1 s). Earth's rotation is not a simple rotation around an axis that would always remain parallel to itself. Earth's rotational axis itself rotates about a second axis, orthogonal to Earth's orbit, taking about 25,800 years to perform a complete rotation. This phenomenon is called the precession of the equinoxes. Because of this precession, the stars appear to move around Earth in a manner more complicated than a simple constant rotation. For this reason, to simplify the description of Earth's orientation in astronomy and geodesy, it was conventional to chart the positions of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "596934",
"score": "1.1945021",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Astrological age",
"text": "the Sun, incurs a precessional motion involving a slow periodic shift of the axis itself: approximately one degree every 72 years. This motion, which is caused mostly by the Moon's gravity, gives rise to the precession of the equinoxes in which the Sun's position on the ecliptic at the time of the vernal equinox, measured against the background of fixed stars, gradually changes with time. In graphical terms, the Earth behaves like a spinning top, and tops tend to wobble as they spin. The spin of the Earth is its daily (diurnal) rotation. The spinning Earth slowly wobbles over a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3849724",
"score": "1.1749405",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Foucault pendulum",
"text": "sharing the rotation of the earth about its own axis, the suspension point of the pendulum traces out a circular path during one sidereal day. At the latitude of Paris, 48 degrees 51 minutes north, a full precession cycle takes just under 32 hours, so after one sidereal day, when the Earth is back in the same orientation as one sidereal day before, the oscillation plane has turned by just over 270 degrees. If the plane of swing was north-south at the outset, it is east-west one sidereal day later. This also implies that there has been exchange of momentum;",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "802087",
"score": "1.1676776",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Milankovitch cycles",
"text": "fixed stars. Apsidal precession occurs in the plane of the ecliptic and alters the orientation of the Earth's orbit relative to the ecliptic. This happens primarily as a result of interactions with Jupiter and Saturn. Smaller contributions are also made by the sun's oblateness and by the effects of general relativity that are well known for Mercury. Apsidal precession combines with the 25,771.5-year cycle of axial precession (see above) to vary the position in the year that the Earth reaches perihelion. Apsidal precession shortens this period to 23,000 years on average (varying between 20,800 and 29,000 years). As the orientation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2314784",
"score": "1.1654929",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Commentariolus",
"text": "at an angle of about 23° to the perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. The third motion is a precession of the Earth's axis of rotation about an axis perpendicular to the plane of its orbit. Copernicus specified the rate of this precession with respect to the radial line from the Earth to the centre of its orbit as being slightly less than a year, with an implied direction as being from west to east. \"With respect to the fixed stars\", this precession is very slow, and in the opposite direction—from east to west—and explains the phenomenon of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7940657",
"score": "1.1521125",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Apsidal precession",
"text": "the eccentricity of its orbit is 0.206 and the period of revolution 87.97 days or . From these and the speed of light (which is ~), it can be calculated that the apsidal precession during one period of revolution is = radians ( degrees or 0.104″). In one hundred years, Mercury makes approximately 415 revolutions around the Sun, and thus in that time, the apsidal perihelion due to relativistic effects is approximately 43″, which corresponds almost exactly to the previously unexplained part of the measured value. The Earth's apsidal precession slowly increases its argument of periapsis; it takes about years",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12477160",
"score": "1.1485877",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Milankovitch cycles",
"text": "overall summer insolation, and also less insolation at higher latitudes, which melts less of the previous winter's snow and ice. Axial precession is the trend in the direction of the Earth's axis of rotation relative to the fixed stars, with a period of 25,771.5 years. This motion means that eventually Polaris will no longer be the north pole star. It is caused by the tidal forces exerted by the Sun and the Moon on the solid Earth; both contribute roughly equally to this effect. Currently, perihelion occurs during the southern hemisphere's summer. This means that solar radiation due to (1)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2314781",
"score": "1.1482136",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Milankovitch cycles",
"text": "the ecliptic\" or \"planetary precession\". Earth's current inclination relative to the invariable plane (the plane that represents the angular momentum of the Solar System, approximately the orbital plane of Jupiter) is 1.57°. Milankovitch did not study apsidal precession. It was discovered more recently and measured, relative to Earth's orbit, to have a period of about 70,000 years. However, when measured independently of Earth's orbit, but relative to the invariable plane, precession has a period of about 100,000 years. This period is very similar to the 100,000-year eccentricity period. Both periods closely match the 100,000-year pattern of glacial events. Artifacts taken",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2314786",
"score": "1.1480507",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Precession",
"text": "predicted the anomalies. Deviating from Newton's law, Einstein's theory of gravitation predicts an extra term of , which accurately gives the observed excess turning rate of 43″ every 100 years. The gravitational force between the Sun and moon induces the precession in Earth's orbit, which is the major cause of the climate oscillation of Earth that has a period of 19,000 to 23,000 years. It follows that changes in Earth's orbital parameters (e.g., orbital inclination, the angle between Earth's rotation axis and its plane of orbit) is important to the study of Earth's climate, in particular to the study of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "333681",
"score": "1.1467998",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "oceans of the Earth will have vaporized before that time (about 2,100 million years from now). Axial precession In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation in a cycle of approximately 25,772 years. This is similar to the precession of a spinning-top, with the axis tracing out a pair of cones joined at their apices. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800365",
"score": "1.1426804",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "for any object moving around the Earth, along or close to the ecliptic, notably, the Moon. The combined action of the Sun and the Moon is called the lunisolar precession. In addition to the steady progressive motion (resulting in a full circle in about 25,700 years) the Sun and Moon also cause small periodic variations, due to their changing positions. These oscillations, in both precessional speed and axial tilt, are known as the nutation. The most important term has a period of 18.6 years and an amplitude of 9.2 arcseconds. In addition to lunisolar precession, the actions of the other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800347",
"score": "1.1401451",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "2012 phenomenon",
"text": "a spinning top wobbles as it slows down. Over the course of 25,800 years, a period often called a Great Year, the Sun's path completes a full, 360-degree backward rotation through the zodiac. In Western astrological traditions, precession is measured from the March equinox, one of the two annual points at which the Sun is exactly halfway between its lowest and highest points in the sky. At the end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st, the Sun's March equinox position was in the constellation Pisces moving back into Aquarius. This signaled the end of one astrological age",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13034351",
"score": "1.1361724",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Lunar precession",
"text": "takes to completes one orbit with respect to the fixed stars). This apsidal precession completes one rotation in the same time as the number of sidereal months exceeds the number of anomalistic months by exactly one, after about 3,233 days (8.85 years). The rotational axis of the Moon also undergoes precession. Since the Moon's axial tilt is only 1.5° with respect to the ecliptic (the plane of Earth's orbit around the Sun), this effect is small. Once every 18.6 years, The lunar north pole describes a small circle around a point in the constellation Draco, while correspondingly, the lunar south",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1822742",
"score": "1.1344978",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "which is measured by the Sun's apparent position relative to the stars. After about 26 000 years the difference amounts to a full year, so the positions of the seasons relative to the orbit are \"back where they started\". (Other effects also slowly change the shape and orientation of the Earth's orbit, and these, in combination with precession, create various cycles of differing periods; see also Milankovitch cycles. The magnitude of the Earth's tilt, as opposed to merely its orientation, also changes slowly over time, but this effect is not attributed directly to precession.) For identical reasons, the apparent position",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800301",
"score": "1.1333917",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Earth-centered inertial",
"text": "The gravitational attraction of the Sun and Moon on the Earth's equatorial bulge cause the rotational axis of the Earth to precess in space similar to the action of a top. This is called precession. Nutation is the smaller amplitude shorter-period (< 18.6 years) wobble that is superposed on the precessional motion of the Celestial pole. It is due to shorter-period fluctuations in the strength of the torque exerted on Earth's equatorial bulge by the sun, moon, and planets. When the short-term periodic oscillations of this motion are averaged out, they are considered \"mean\" as opposed to \"true\" values. Thus,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11746755",
"score": "1.1305583",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Precession",
"text": "like a motion of the entire sphere of the fixed stars with respect to the equinoxes. In ancient China, the Jin-dynasty scholar-official Yu Xi (fl. 307-345 AD) made a similar discovery centuries later, noting that the position of the Sun during the winter solstice had drifted roughly one degree over the course of fifty years relative to the position of the stars. The precession of Earth's axis was later explained by Newtonian physics. Being an oblate spheroid, Earth has a non-spherical shape, bulging outward at the equator. The gravitational tidal forces of the Moon and Sun apply torque to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "333678",
"score": "1.1302092",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "Earth's axis and the shift in the equinoxes. These images show the position of the Earth's axis on the \"celestial sphere\", a fictitious sphere which places the stars according to their position as seen from Earth, regardless of their actual distance. The first image shows the celestial sphere from the outside, with the constellations in mirror image. The second image shows the perspective of a near-Earth position as seen through a very wide angle lens (from which the apparent distortion arises). The rotation axis of the Earth describes, over a period of 25,700 years, a small circle (blue) among the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800339",
"score": "1.1195954",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Saros (astronomy)",
"text": "different position with respect to the stars for each eclipse in a Saros series. The axis of rotation of the Earth–Moon system exhibits a precession period of 18.59992 years. The saros is not an integer number of days, but contains the fraction of of a day. Thus each successive eclipse in a saros series occurs about 8 hours later in the day. In the case of an eclipse of the Sun, this means that the region of visibility will shift westward about 120°, or about one third of the way around the globe, and the two eclipses will thus not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "755080",
"score": "1.1179392",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "Axial precession In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation in a cycle of approximately 25,772 years. This is similar to the precession of a spinning-top, with the axis tracing out a pair of cones joined at their apices. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude. Earth's precession was historically",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800292",
"score": "1.1179036",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Lunar precession",
"text": "year. The number of solar orbits (years) during one lunar nodal precession period equals the period of orbit (one year) divided by this difference, minus one: − 1. The second kind of precession of the Moon's orbit is that of the major axis of the Moon's elliptic orbit (the line of the apsides from perigee to apogee), which precesses eastward by 360° in approximately 8.85 years. This is the reason that an anomalistic month (the period the Moon moves from the perigee to the apogee and to the perigee again) is longer than the sidereal month (the period the Moon",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1822741",
"score": "1.1156006",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "axis located on the plane, with longitude 174°.8764) and the proper motions of the stars. The precessional eras of each constellation, often known as Great Months, are approximately: The precession of the equinoxes is caused by the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Moon, and to a lesser extent other bodies, on the Earth. It was first explained by Sir Isaac Newton. Axial precession is similar to the precession of a spinning top. In both cases, the applied force is due to gravity. For a spinning top, this force tends to be almost parallel to the rotation axis initially",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800343",
"score": "1.1150866",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Nodal precession",
"text": "orbital period is , so the angular velocity is . The precession is therefore This is equivalent to −3.683° per day, so the orbit plane will make one complete turn (in inertial space) in 98 days. The apparent motion of the sun is approximately +1° per day (360° per year / 365.2422 days per tropical year ≈ 0.9856473° per day), so apparent motion of the sun relative to the orbit plane is about 2.8° per day, resulting in a complete cycle in about 127 days. For retrograde orbits is negative, so the precession becomes positive. (Alternatively, can be thought of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14534309",
"score": "1.1144719",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"text": "of seconds in one annum (a Julian year) (3.15576s/a): The solar equation is a good representation of precession due the Sun because Earth's orbit is close to an ellipse, being only slightly perturbed by the other planets. The lunar equation is not as good a representation of precession due to the Moon because the Moon's orbit is greatly distorted by the Sun and neither the radius nor the eccentricity is constant over the year. Simon Newcomb's calculation at the end of the 19th century for general precession (\"p\") in longitude gave a value of 5,025.64 arcseconds per tropical century, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "800356",
"score": "1.1143634",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Astronomical chronology",
"text": "precession is a very slow process which makes only small changes in the azimuth of a star rising in the East. Among the artifacts that can most readily be dated by astronomical techniques are depictions of the positions of the celestial bodies at a particular time. Since the motions of the celestial bodies are all at different periods, it takes many centuries for all the planets plus the Sun and the Moon, to reach the same positions in the signs of the Zodiac. For a configuration accurate to ±15° (that is, within a single sign) the positions of these seven",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11345934",
"score": "1.1140559",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Lunar standstill",
"text": "completes one orbit around the Sun in 365.25636 days, slightly longer than one year due to precession altering the direction of Earth's inclination. The Moon's orbit around Earth (shown dotted) is inclined at an angle of \"i\" = 5.14° relative to the ecliptic. The Moon completes one orbit around the Earth in 27.32166 days. The two points at which Moon crosses the ecliptic are known as its orbital nodes, shown as \"N1\" and \"N2\" (ascending node and descending node, respectively), and the line connecting them is known as the \"line of nodes\". Due to precession of the Moon's orbital inclination,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6885790",
"score": "1.1117918",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Earth",
"text": "September. In the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is reversed, with the summer and winter solstices exchanged and the spring and autumnal equinox dates swapped. The angle of Earth's axial tilt is relatively stable over long periods of time. Its axial tilt does undergo nutation; a slight, irregular motion with a main period of 18.6 years. The orientation (rather than the angle) of Earth's axis also changes over time, precessing around in a complete circle over each 25,800 year cycle; this precession is the reason for the difference between a sidereal year and a tropical year. Both of these motions are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "111114",
"score": "1.1105272",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Earth's rotation",
"text": "called polar motion. Precession is a rotation of the Earth's rotation axis, caused primarily by external torques from the gravity of the Sun, Moon and other bodies. The polar motion is primarily due to free core nutation and the Chandler wobble. Over millions of years, the Earth's rotation slowed significantly by tidal acceleration through gravitational interactions with the Moon. In this process, angular momentum is slowly transferred to the Moon at a rate proportional to formula_1, where formula_2 is the orbital radius of the Moon. This process gradually increased the length of day to its current value and resulted in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7373733",
"score": "1.1056561",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Axial precession",
"long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In astronomy, axial precession is a gravity-induced, slow, and continuous change in the orientation of an astronomical body's rotational axis. In particular, it can refer to the gradual shift in the orientation of Earth's axis of rotation, which, similar to a wobbling top, traces out a pair of cones joined at their apices in a cycle of approximately 26,000 years. The term \"precession\" typically refers only to this largest part of the motion; other changes in the alignment of Earth's axis—nutation and polar motion—are much smaller in magnitude.",
"short_answers": [
"26,000 years",
"approximately 26,000 years"
]
}
|
who did johnny manziel play college football for
|
[
"Texas A&M",
"Texas A&M University",
"Texas A&M Aggies"
] |
[
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "that he wants to \"wreck the league\" in Cleveland. Loggains forwarded the text to head coach Mike Pettine, who made the decision to trade up to draft Manziel. The Browns drafted him at the 22nd overall pick. On August 22, 2014, Manziel was fined $12,000 by the NFL for a hand gesture (flipping the bird) that he made in a preseason loss to the Washington Redskins. Fellow quarterback Brian Hoyer was named the starter over Manziel for the opening regular-season game. Manziel made his first NFL start in the Browns' Week 15 game against the Cincinnati Bengals. Manziel completed 10",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778628",
"score": "1.2128975",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "in football, sportswriters, coaches, and parents said he \"achieved folk hero status\" and was compared to quarterbacks like Brett Favre, Michael Vick, and Drew Brees. At Tivy High School, Manziel played football for four years, beginning with the freshman team in his first year. By the end of his first season, he played with the varsity team as a receiver. He began his sophomore year primarily as a receiver, but started the fourth game at quarterback. He shared that position for the remainder of the season, finishing with 1,164 yards passing, 806 rushing and 408 receiving for a combined 28",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778613",
"score": "1.1716046",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "a registered trademark for the nickname in 2013. Manziel was born in Tyler, Texas, on December 6, 1992, to Michelle (née Liberato) and Paul Manziel. He has a younger sister named Meri. Manziel's great-great-grandfather Joseph immigrated to the United States in 1883 from the Mount Lebanon region of Syria in what is now Lebanon. He is of Italian descent on his maternal side. His family became wealthy through the Texas petroleum industry. Manziel grew up playing a variety of sports, including football, basketball, baseball, and golf. At Tivy High School in Kerrville, Texas, he focused on baseball and football. However,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778612",
"score": "1.1699986",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "2014, Drake released a track entitled \"Draft Day\", which includes a shoutout to Manziel. On March 10, 2017, Manziel became engaged to Bre Tiesi; the two were married in a private ceremony in March 2018. In a February 2018 interview, Manziel recounted his personal problems, and has stated that he had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder. Johnny Manziel Johnathan Paul Manziel ( ; born December 6, 1992) is an American professional Canadian football quarterback for the Montreal Alouettes of the Canadian Football League (CFL). He previously played two seasons with the Cleveland Browns of the National Football League (NFL) and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778653",
"score": "1.1628404",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "six different receivers. His pro day performance was well received by sports journalists. Prior to the 2014 NFL Draft, Manziel became one of the most polarizing athletes in pre-draft history, with scouting opinions varying from \"undraftable\" to \"rare competitor\". Former NFL head coach Barry Switzer took it to a personal level, criticizing Manziel, saying: \"I don’t like his antics. I think he's an arrogant little prick. I’ve said that and I’ll say it again.\" On draft day, 21 teams, including the Cleveland Browns, passed over Manziel. While Manziel was waiting to get drafted, he texted then-Browns quarterbacks coach Dowell Loggains",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778627",
"score": "1.1379051",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "Thursday, August 30, 2012, but the game was postponed until October 13 due to Hurricane Isaac hitting the Louisiana coast two days prior to game time. Consequently, Manziel's college football debut was played as a redshirt freshman against the Florida Gators before a home crowd at Kyle Field. Although Manziel began the season in relative obscurity, his play against Arkansas in which he broke Archie Manning's 43-year-old total offense record gained him some attention. Manziel produced 557 yards of total offense, breaking Manning's record of 540. Two games later, Manziel surpassed his own total offense record against No. 24 Louisiana",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778619",
"score": "1.1324223",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "yards and one touchdown in a 24–10 victory over the San Francisco 49ers, ending the Browns' seven-game losing streak. Manziel sat out the last game of the 2015 season with a concussion, with reports circulating that he was in Las Vegas instead of in Cleveland with the team that weekend. The team confirmed that Manziel did miss a scheduled check-in on the morning of the last game of the season. The Browns released him on March 11, 2016. On March 31, 2017, the Canadian Football League's Hamilton Tiger-Cats revealed that they had placed Manziel on their negotiation list, a list",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778634",
"score": "1.1218686",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "rushed nine times for 29 yards and one touchdown. Manziel's work ethic and commitment were questioned by over 20 sources within the Cleveland Browns. An anonymous player even called Manziel's rookie season a \"100 percent joke.\" Others within the organization were hopeful about Manziel's future, including cornerback Joe Haden. On August 27, Manziel was ruled out for the rest of the preseason with recurring pain in his right elbow. Manziel had been making noticeable improvement in his play. On September 13, Manziel was brought into the game against the New York Jets after starting QB Josh McCown was injured in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778630",
"score": "1.114409",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "touchdowns. His junior year was his first as starting quarterback, and he completed that season with 2,903 passing yards, 1,544 rushing yards, 152 receiving yards and 55 touchdowns. That year, he was voted All-San Antonio Area Offensive Player of the Year as well as District 27-4A MVP. During Manziel's senior season, he compiled 228-of-347 (65.7%) passing for 3,609 yards with 45 touchdowns and five interceptions. He also had 170 carries for 1,674 yards and 30 touchdowns. He had one touchdown reception and returned a kickoff for a touchdown for a combined 77 touchdowns. That year, he was honored as District",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778614",
"score": "1.1135924",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "418 yards of offense, including two passing touchdowns. In the following days, Manziel became the frontrunner for the Heisman Trophy in most national watch lists and polls due to his performance during the game combined with other Heisman frontrunners faltering. On November 24, during the game against the Missouri Tigers before a home crowd, Manziel left the game with an apparent knee injury late in the first quarter. He returned to the field for the next series of downs wearing a knee brace and finished the game with 439 yards of total offense, including 3 passing and 2 rushing touchdowns.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778621",
"score": "1.1094044",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "28-4A MVP (unanimous selection), Class 4A First Team All-State (AP), \"San Antonio Express-News\" Offensive Player of the Year (second year in a row), the Associated Press Sports Editors Texas Player of the Year, Sub-5A First Team All-Area (\"SA Express-News\"), No. 1 QB in Texas by \"Dave Campbell's Texas Football\", DCTF Top 300, PrepStar All-Region and Super-Prep All-Region. For Manziel's three years as a starter, he completed 520-of-819 passes (63.5%) for 7,626 yards and 76 touchdowns, rushed 531 times for 4,045 yards and 77 touchdowns and caught 30 passes for 582 yards and another five touchdowns. He was the only quarterback",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778615",
"score": "1.0990708",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "the season), after acknowledging that Manziel did not receive any money for the autographs. In the game against No. 1 Alabama, Manziel threw for a school record of 464 yards and 5 touchdowns in the 49–42 loss. His primary target during the game was Mike Evans, who compiled 7 receptions for a school record of 279 yards. In the 51–41 win over Mississippi State, Manziel tied his single-game career-high five touchdowns, while also throwing for 446 yards but with 3 interceptions. He was fifth in Heisman Trophy voting in 2013. As a Texas Rangers fan growing up, Manziel was a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778624",
"score": "1.096428",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "of players that each individual team has exclusive rights to attempt to sign. The revelation was an unprecedented move, as CFL teams had previously kept their negotiation lists secret. After a year out of football, Manziel had a workout in Buffalo, New York with the Tiger-Cats, during which he was \"put through a series of physical and medical tests\" from August 23 to 24, 2017. He did not initially sign with the team. On September 2, Manziel's representatives requested a contract offer from the Tiger-Cats. According to CFL rules, the Tiger-Cats then had 10 days to offer Manziel a contract,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778635",
"score": "1.0931036",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "2012 Texas A&M Aggies football team",
"text": "Manziel zipping a pass to Kenric McNeal for a 30-yard TD. The Bulldogs had to punt again, and after a 35-yard return from Dustin Harris, the Aggies had the ball. On the first play of the drive Manziel tossed a screen pass to Nwachukwu, who hurdled a defender and went 37 yards for the TD. After forcing another punt (the Bulldogs' 5th in a row), A&M's offense had the ball with 2:08 left in the half. However, it was only about 30 seconds until Manziel handed the ball off to Ben Malena, who exploded up the middle, broke a tackle,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16153842",
"score": "1.0819366",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "his second start, a 24–17 loss to the Ottawa Redblacks on August 11. In the third quarter, Manziel, after a 17-yard run, received a hard hit to the head from Ottawa's Jonathan Rose and fumbled the ball at the goal line, where the ball was recovered by Montreal's Kristian Matte for a touchdown. In the days following the game, Manziel missed practice and was placed in the CFL's concussion protocol. Manziel was placed on the injured list with Antonio Pipkin starting Montreal's next game at quarterback in Manziel's place. Pipkin started two games while Manziel recovered from his concussion, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778640",
"score": "1.0797694",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "officers a fake Louisiana driver's license that showed him to be 21 years of age. Manziel was taken into custody and reportedly spent the night in jail. After the incident, Manziel eventually regained the favor of his team and head coach Kevin Sumlin, and was named the starting quarterback. Sumlin's policy precluded freshmen from giving media interviews, and Manziel was unable to speak to reporters about his arrest until the end of the 2012 regular season. When reporters asked about the incident during his first press conference on November 27, Manziel stated that he had learned from the mistake and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778644",
"score": "1.078372",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "for him. I'm doing my job, and I'm going to move on. If I have to bury him, I'll bury him.\" On June 30, 2016, he was suspended for the first four games of the 2016 season for violating the NFL's substance abuse policy. On September 5, Manziel returned to his alma mater to take classes. On December 2, 2016, Manziel and prosecutors finalized a plea agreement in which Manziel agreed to undergo counseling and have his conduct monitored by prosecutors for up to a year or face prosecution. Manziel is a friend of rap artist Drake and in April",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778652",
"score": "1.0743483",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "bottle at the man. The water bottle missed the heckler. Security and police were called, but no criminal charges were filed. During October of the 2015 season, Manziel was pulled over by a policeman after fighting in his car with his then girlfriend, Colleen Crowley. Although no charges were made, Manziel admitted to having had some alcoholic drinks earlier that afternoon. On November 24, a week after Manziel was announced as the Browns' starter for the remainder of the season, head coach Mike Pettine demoted Manziel to third string after a video of him partying surfaced on the Internet. It",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778647",
"score": "1.0662674",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "the first half. Manziel scored his first career passing touchdown with a 54-yard pass to WR Travis Benjamin. However, Manziel committed three turnovers in the second half (two of them being fumbles) as the Jets won 31–10. Manziel started the Week 2 game against 2014 Heisman Trophy winner Marcus Mariota and the Tennessee Titans. He completed 8 of 15 passes for 172 yards and 2 touchdowns to Travis Benjamin in the 28–14 win. Following McCown's recovery, Manziel did not take the field again until McCown suffered a shoulder injury in the fourth quarter of a Week 7 game against the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778631",
"score": "1.0584338",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "of 18 passes for 80 yards and two interceptions for a 27.3 passer rating while being sacked three times. The Browns lost 30–0. Manziel completed three of eight passes in his second career start against the Carolina Panthers on December 21, 2014. He left the game with a hamstring injury with less than two minutes remaining in the first half and was replaced by Hoyer. The Browns went on to lose 17–13. Manziel was ruled out for the Browns' regular season finale against the Baltimore Ravens. Overall, Manziel completed 18 of 35 passes for 176 yards and two interceptions, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778629",
"score": "1.0577097",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "2013 Texas A&M Aggies football team",
"text": "Auburn Dee Ford sacked Manziel once again ending the game. QB Nick Marshall passed for 236 yards and 2 TD's and ran for 100 yards and 2 TD's, he had one fumble. Tre Mason added 178 yards rushing and 2 TD's. The defenses recorded 7 tackles for loss, 3 sacks and 2 interceptions on the 3rd best offense in the nation. Ryan White who moved to safety that morning after Josh Hosley was injured recorded 5 tackles and an interception without knowing the proper alignments. Auburn's DE LaDarius Owens injured Johnny Manziel early in the 4th Quarter and he missed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16884460",
"score": "1.0564013",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "then two additional games after Manziel had recovered. 10 Following a four interception game by Pipkin in Week 14 Manziel took over the reins as starting quarterback for the Alouettes in Week 15, a game they would end up losing to the Blue Bombers. Manziel played in eight games in his first season in the CFL, completing 106 of 165 pass attempts (64.2%) for 1,290 yards with five touchdowns and seven interceptions. He also rushed the ball 29 times for 215 yards. Manziel was said to have struggled during his first season at the CFL and NBC Sports writer Michael",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778641",
"score": "1.0488416",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "trade his rights or relinquish his rights. However, the CFL later extended the 10-day window so that the league could \"facilitate a process of evaluation for the player.\" Manziel also had a meeting with CFL commissioner Randy Ambrosie in September. On September 27, the CFL announced that Manziel would not be allowed to sign with any CFL team for the 2017 season but would be able to sign with a team for the 2018 season if Manziel meets \"certain conditions\". On December 28, 2017, the CFL approved Manziel to play in the league. The Tiger-Cats had until January 7 to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778636",
"score": "1.0420586",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Zack Martin",
"text": "second best in the FBS. He was named MVP of the 2013 Pinstripe Bowl after a 29-16 win over Rutgers, becoming the first offensive lineman since 1959 (Jay Huffman) to receive that distinction in a college bowl game. In the 2014 NFL Draft, there was speculation that the Dallas Cowboys would select quarterback Johnny Manziel if he was available. Instead, the team had targeted linebacker Ryan Shazier, who ended up going to the Pittsburgh Steelers. With the 16th pick of the first round the Cowboys drafted Martin with the intention of converting him to an offensive guard. He was named",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17187945",
"score": "1.0419416",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "supposed to do. \"Sports Illustrated\"<nowiki>'</nowiki>s Peter King also added that the Browns are \"so done with Manziel\" and he \"wants to go to Dallas.\" On January 6, 2016, Manziel's marketing agency, LRMR, announced that it would no longer work with Manziel. Manziel's agent, Erik Burkhardt, also announced that he would no longer represent Manziel. On February 5, 2016, the Dallas Police Department announced that they are opening a criminal investigation with a claim of domestic violence involving his ex-girlfriend, Colleen Crowley. Dallas police had originally closed the case, but re-opened it with allegations stemming from an altercation on January 30,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778649",
"score": "1.0336113",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "2012 Texas A&M Aggies football team",
"text": "game was also a showcase for the battle between quarterbacks Jameill Showers and Johnny Manziel, with the former tossing 2 TDs to Malcome Kennedy and Ryan Swope, and the latter also having 1 TD to Swope. Top RB Christine Michael did not play, but other backs Ben Malena and Will Randolph still combined for 3 TDs behind a dominant offensive line led by tackle Luke Joeckel. Showers finished 20 of 31 for 203 yards and 2 TDs, while Manziel was 13 of 27 for 154 yards with 1 TD and 1 INT. Mark Snyder's new defense was led in tackles",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16153817",
"score": "1.0330237",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "2014 Dallas Cowboys season",
"text": "that Jerry Jones should have selected QB Johnny \"Football\" Manziel in the first round of the NFL 2014 draft to eventually replace. By season's end, not only would Tony Romo have the highest quarterback rating (113.2) in the NFL for the 2014 regular season but, first round pick (OG Zack Martin) would have a well deserved All-Pro season while establishing himself as a critical piece in the development of what many now consider to be, the best offensive line in the entire NFL. Following a win against the Indianapolis Colts in Week 16 (and after the Philadelphia Eagles loss to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17736418",
"score": "1.0312922",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "offer Manziel a contract or trade his rights. If neither was done, the team would lose his rights. On January 7, the team confirmed that they had made Manziel an offer. Not long after Manziel's agent, Eric Burkhardt, responded to the Tiger-Cats offer stating that Hamilton has until January 31, 2018 to offer his client a \"fair deal\". Failure to do so will result in Manziel turning his attention to \"several other professional options\". Burkhardt is insisting that Manziel be paid in the same realm as Tiger-Cats' quarterback Zach Collaros was last season; i.e., something in the range of $500,000",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778637",
"score": "1.0297241",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"text": "Manziel was with a friend who directed a racial slur at a man on the street. The man then approached the two of them and tried to get at the friend, but Manziel placed himself between the two men, saying his friend didn't mean it and he was going to take him home. The man continued pushing against Manziel to reach the other man, and Manziel eventually pushed back. At this point, the man swung at Manziel who then began fighting back. Shortly afterwards, the bicycle patrol officers arrived. Manziel was 19 at the time, and he presented to police",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16778643",
"score": "1.0240299",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
}
] |
{
"title": "Johnny Manziel",
"long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National Quarterback Award. Manziel capitalized on his redshirt freshman season by leading Texas A&M to a 41–13 victory over Oklahoma in the Cotton Bowl.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Manziel was nationally recruited out of high school as a dual-threat quarterback, and he debuted for the Texas A&M Aggies as a redshirt freshman in Kevin Sumlin's Air Raid offense during A&M's first season in the Southeastern Conference (SEC) in 2012. He broke numerous NCAA Division I FBS and SEC records, which included becoming the first freshman and fifth player in NCAA history to pass for 3,000 yards and rush for 1,000 yards in a season. At the end of the regular season, he became the first freshman to win the Heisman Trophy, Manning Award, and the Davey O'Brien National",
"short_answers": [
"Texas A&M Aggies"
]
}
|
what is the white stork a symbol for in western culture
|
[
"bringing babies to new parents"
] |
[
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "their courtship rituals. Their preening and posture saw them linked with the attribute of self-conceit. White stork The white stork (\"Ciconia ciconia\") is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to end of tail, with a wingspan. The two subspecies, which differ slightly in size, breed in Europe (north to Finland), northwestern Africa, southwestern Asia (east to southern Kazakhstan) and southern Africa. The white stork is a long-distance migrant, wintering in Africa",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793636",
"score": "1.1072639",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "in Ancient Thessaly as they hunted snakes, and widely held to be Virgil's \"white bird\". Roman writers noted the white stork's arrival in spring, which alerted farmers to plant their vines. Followers of Islam revered storks because they made an annual pilgrimage to Mecca on their migration. Some of the earliest understanding on bird migration were initiated by an interest in white storks; \"Pfeilstörche\" (\"arrow storks\") were found in Europe with African arrows embedded in their bodies. A well-known example of such a stork found in the summer of 1822 in the German town of Klütz in Mecklenburg was made",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793627",
"score": "1.0932386",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "they nest. The white stork is a popular motif on postage stamps, and it is featured on more than 120 stamps issued by more than 60 stamp-issuing entities. It is the national bird of Lithuania and Belarus, and it was a Polish mascot at the Expo 2000 Fair in Hanover. In the 19th century, storks were also thought to only live in countries having a republican form of government. Polish poet Cyprian Kamil Norwid mentioned storks in his poem \"Moja piosnka (II)\" (\"My Song (II)\"): In 1942 Heinrich Himmler sought to use storks to carry Nazi propaganda leaflets so as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793629",
"score": "1.0846883",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "rests on its back before slowly bringing its head and neck forwards again, and this is repeated several times. The display is used as a greeting between birds, post coitus, and also as a threat display. Breeding pairs are territorial over the summer, and use this display, as well as crouching forward with the tails cocked and wings extended. The white stork breeds in open farmland areas with access to marshy wetlands, building a large stick nest in trees, on buildings, or on purpose-built man-made platforms. Each nest is in depth, in diameter, and in weight. Nests are built in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793603",
"score": "1.0714518",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "White stork The white stork (\"Ciconia ciconia\") is a large bird in the stork family Ciconiidae. Its plumage is mainly white, with black on its wings. Adults have long red legs and long pointed red beaks, and measure on average from beak tip to end of tail, with a wingspan. The two subspecies, which differ slightly in size, breed in Europe (north to Finland), northwestern Africa, southwestern Asia (east to southern Kazakhstan) and southern Africa. The white stork is a long-distance migrant, wintering in Africa from tropical Sub-Saharan Africa to as far south as South Africa, or on the Indian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793571",
"score": "1.063021",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "National symbols of Lithuania",
"text": "and other accessories worn on national holidays. The white stork (\"gandras\") was declared the national bird of Lithuania in 1973. Lithuanians believe that storks bring harmony to the families on whose property they nest; they have also kept up the tradition of telling their children that storks bring babies. Stork Day is celebrated on March 25 with various archaic rituals: gifts for children, attributed to the storks, such as fruits, chocolates, pencils, and dyed eggs, are hung on tree branches and fences; snakes are caught, killed and buried under the doorstep; straw fires are lit. Notably, Lithuania is a beneficial",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9107668",
"score": "1.0547152",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "for their piety towards their parents. The bird is featured in at least three of Aesop's Fables: The Fox and the Stork, The Farmer and the Stork, and The Frogs Who Desired a King. Storks were also thought to care for their aged parents, feeding them and even transporting them, and children's books depicted them as a model of filial values. A Greek law called \"Pelargonia\", from the Ancient Greek word \"pelargos\" for stork, required citizens to take care of their aged parents. The Greeks also held that killing a stork could be punished with death. Storks were allegedly protected",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793626",
"score": "1.0537761",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "as stork-bite. In Slavic mythology and religion, storks were thought to carry unborn souls from Vyraj to Earth in spring and summer. This belief still persists in the modern folk culture of many Slavic countries, in the simplified child story that \"storks bring children into the world\". Storks were seen by the Slavs as bringing luck, and killing one would bring misfortune. A long-term study that showed a spurious correlation between the numbers of stork nests and human births is widely used in the teaching of basic statistics as an example to highlight that correlation does not necessarily indicate causation.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793632",
"score": "1.0520616",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "to the traditional breeding sites. An experiment with young birds raised in captivity in Kaliningrad and released in the absence of wild storks to show them the way revealed that they appeared to have an instinct to fly south, although the scatter in direction was large. White storks rely on the uplift of air thermals to soar and glide the long distances of their annual migrations between Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa. For many, the shortest route would take them over the Mediterranean Sea; however, since air thermals do not form over water, they generally detour over land to avoid the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793596",
"score": "1.0380534",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "natural foraging grounds have forced birds to seek food at rubbish dumps since 1999. White storks have also been reported foraging in rubbish dumps in the Middle East, North Africa and South Africa. The white stork breeds in greater numbers in areas with open grasslands, particularly grassy areas which are wet or periodically flooded, and less in areas with taller vegetation cover such as forest and shrubland. They make use of grasslands, wetlands, and farmland on the wintering grounds in Africa. White storks were probably aided by human activities during the Middle Ages as woodland was cleared and new pastures",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793588",
"score": "1.0366974",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "time since 1416. Due to its large size, predation on vermin, and nesting behaviour close to human settlements and on rooftops, the white stork has an imposing presence that has influenced human culture and folklore. The Hebrew word for the white stork is \"chasidah\" (חסידה), meaning \"merciful\" or \"kind\". Greek and Roman mythology portray storks as models of parental devotion. The 3rd century Roman writer Aelian citing the authority of Alexander of Myndus noted in his \"De natura animalium\" (book 3, chapter 23) that aged storks flew away to oceanic islands where they were transformed into humans as a reward",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793625",
"score": "1.034517",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "is and its weight is . Like all storks, it has long legs, a long neck and a long straight pointed beak. The sexes are identical in appearance, except that males are larger than females on average. The plumage is mainly white with black flight feathers and wing coverts; the black is caused by the pigment melanin. The breast feathers are long and shaggy forming a ruff which is used in some courtship displays. The irises are dull brown or grey, and the peri-orbital skin is black. The adult has a bright red beak and red legs, the colouration of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793579",
"score": "1.01617",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "at a slow and steady pace with its neck upstretched. In contrast, it often hunches its head between its shoulders when resting. Moulting has not been extensively studied, but appears to take place throughout the year, with the primary flight feathers replaced over the breeding season. Upon hatching, the young white stork is partly covered with short, sparse, whitish down feathers. This early down is replaced about a week later with a denser coat of woolly white down. By three weeks, the young bird acquires black scapulars and flight feathers. On hatching the chick has pinkish legs, which turn to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793581",
"score": "1.015997",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "subcontinent. When migrating between Europe and Africa, it avoids crossing the Mediterranean Sea and detours via the Levant in the east or the Strait of Gibraltar in the west, because the air thermals on which it depends for soaring do not form over water. A carnivore, the white stork eats a wide range of animal prey, including insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles, small mammals and small birds. It takes most of its food from the ground, among low vegetation, and from shallow water. It is a monogamous breeder, but does not pair for life. Both members of the pair build a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793572",
"score": "1.0141945",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "The child-bringing myth has appeared in different forms in history. Children of African American slaves were sometimes told that white babies were brought by storks, while black babies were born from buzzard eggs. Psychoanalyst Marvin Margolis suggests the enduring nature of the stork fable of the newborn is linked to its addressing a psychological need, in that it allays the discomfort of discussing sex and procreation with children. Birds have long been associated with the maternal symbols from pagan goddesses such as Juno to the Holy Ghost, and the stork may have been chosen for its white plumage (depicting purity),",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793633",
"score": "1.0129417",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "reintroduced to many regions. It has been rated as least concern by the IUCN since 1994, after being evaluated as near threatened in 1988. The white stork is one of the species to which the \"Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds\" (AEWA) applies. Parties to the agreement are required to engage in a wide range of conservation strategies described in a detailed action plan. The plan is intended to address key issues such as species and habitat conservation, management of human activities, research, education, and implementation. Threats include the continued loss of wetlands, collisions with overhead power lines,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793619",
"score": "1.0092984",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "arrived in a poor condition in Madeira three days later. That island is 500 km (320 mi) from Africa, and twice as far from the European mainland. Migration through the Middle East may be hampered by the \"khamsin\", winds bringing gusty overcast days unsuitable for flying. In these situations, flocks of white storks sit out the adverse weather on the ground, standing and facing into the wind. The white stork is a gregarious bird; flocks of thousands of individuals have been recorded on migration routes and at wintering areas in Africa. Non-breeding birds gather in groups of 40 or 50",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793598",
"score": "1.0091634",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "greyish-black as it ages. Its beak is black with a brownish tip. By the time it fledges, the juvenile bird's plumage is similar to that of the adult, though its black feathers are often tinged with brown, and its beak and legs are a duller brownish-red or orange. The beak is typically orange or red with a darker tip. The bills gain the adults' red colour the following summer, although the black tips persist in some individuals. Young storks adopt adult plumage by their second summer. Within its range the white stork is distinctive when seen on the ground. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793582",
"score": "1.0022024",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "during the breeding season. The smaller dark-plumaged Abdim's stork is often encountered with white stork flocks in southern Africa. Breeding pairs of white stork may gather in small groups to hunt, and colony nesting has been recorded in some areas. However, groups among white stork colonies vary widely in size and the social structure is loosely defined; young breeding storks are often restricted to peripheral nests, while older storks attain higher breeding success while occupying the better quality nests toward the centres of breeding colonies. Social structure and group cohesion is maintained by altruistic behaviours such as allopreening. White storks",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793599",
"score": "1.0018647",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "pair nested atop St Giles High Kirk in Edinburgh, Scotland in 1416. A decline in population began in the 19th century due to industrialisation and changes in agricultural methods. White storks no longer nest in many countries, and the current strongholds of the western population are in Portugal, Spain, Ukraine and Poland. In the Iberian Peninsula, populations are concentrated in the southwest, and have also declined due to agricultural practices. A study published in 2005 found that the Podhale region in the uplands of southern Poland had seen an influx of white storks, which first bred there in 1931 and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793590",
"score": "0.9914446",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "Switzerland. There were 601 pairs breeding in Armenia and around 700 pairs in the Netherlands in 2008, and few pairs also breed in South Africa, typically recent colonists from within the normal wintering population. In Poland, electric poles have been modified with a platform at the top to prevent the white stork's large nest from disrupting the electricity supply, and sometimes nests are moved from an electric pole to a man-made platform. Introductions of zoo-reared birds in the Netherlands has been followed up by feeding and nest-building programs by volunteers. Similar reintroduction programs are taking place in Sweden, and Switzerland,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793623",
"score": "0.98661655",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "white, while the Devil gave it black wings, imbuing it with both good and evil impulses. They were also associated with handicapped or stillborn babies in Germany, explained as the stork having dropped the baby \"en route\" to the household, or as revenge or punishment for past wrongdoing. A mother who was confined to bed around the time of childbirth was said to have been \"bitten\" by the stork. In Denmark, storks were said to toss a nestling off the nest and then an egg in successive years. In medieval England, storks were also associated with adultery, possibly inspired by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793635",
"score": "0.9861027",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "forage along with the woolly-necked stork (\"Ciconia episcopus\"). Food piracy has been recorded in India with a rodent captured by a western marsh harrier appropriated by a white stork, while Montagu's harrier is known to harass white storks foraging for voles in some parts of Poland. White stork nests are habitats for an array of small arthropods, particularly over the warmer months after the birds arrive to breed. Nesting over successive years, the storks bring more material to line their nests and layers of organic material accumulate within them. Not only do their bodies tend to regulate temperatures within the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793612",
"score": "0.98595107",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "by the accumulation of droppings around the ring leading to constriction and leg trauma. The white stork has also been noted for tool use by squeezing moss in the beak to drip water into the mouths of its chicks. The adult white stork's main sound is noisy bill-clattering, which has been likened to distant machine gun fire. The bird makes these sounds by rapidly opening and closing its beak so that a knocking sound is made each time its beak closes. The clattering is amplified by its throat pouch, which acts as a resonator. Used in a variety of social",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793601",
"score": "0.9846854",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Woolly-necked stork",
"text": "a feathered forehead, much lesser iridescence on feathers, and much longer and fluffier feathers on the neck. English common names for this species include Whitenecked Stork, Whiteheaded Stork, Bishop Stork, and the Parson-bird. More recently, the African and Asian populations are considered to be two different species, the African and the Asian Woolly-neck. This is based purely on geographical isolation, but there is no morphological or phylogenetic evidence yet to support this split. It is a widespread tropical species which breeds in Asia, from India to Indonesia, and throughout Africa. It is a resident breeder in wetlands with trees. They",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2635617",
"score": "0.97818005",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "records of breeding from South Africa have been known since 1933 at Calitzdorp, and about 10 birds have been known to breed since the 1990s around Bredasdorp. A small population of white storks winters in India and is thought to derive principally from the \"C. c. asiatica\" population as flocks of up to 200 birds have been observed on spring migration in the early 1900s through the Kurram Valley. However, birds ringed in Germany have been recovered in western (Bikaner) and southern (Tirunelveli) India. An atypical specimen with red orbital skin, a feature of the Oriental white stork, has been",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793586",
"score": "0.9779943",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Abdim's stork",
"text": "Abdim's stork The Abdim's stork (\"Ciconia abdimii\"), also known as white-bellied stork, is a black stork with grey legs, red knees and feet, grey bill and white underparts. It has red facial skin in front of the eye and blue skin near the bill in breeding season. It is the smallest species of stork, at 73 cm (29 in) and a weight of just over 1 kg (2.2 lbs). The female lays two to three eggs and is slightly smaller than the male. The Abdim's stork is found in open habitats throughout Eastern Africa, from Ethiopia south to South Africa.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8309184",
"score": "0.97703063",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "and farmland were created, and they were found across much of Europe, breeding as far north as Sweden. The population in Sweden is thought to have established in the 16th century after forests were cut down for agriculture. About 5000 pairs were estimated to breed in the 18th century which declined subsequently. The first accurate census in 1917 found 25 pairs and the last pair failed to breed around 1955. The white stork is a rare visitor to the British Isles, as about 20 birds are seen in Britain every year, but there are no records of nesting since a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793589",
"score": "0.9722518",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "White stork",
"text": "neck retracted, keeping its head near to its stocky body, giving it a different flight profile. Pelicans also behave differently, soaring in orderly, synchronised flocks rather than in disorganised groups of individuals as the white stork does. The Egyptian vulture is much smaller, with a long wedge-shaped tail, shorter legs and a small yellow-tinged head on a short neck. The common crane, which can also look black and white in strong light, shows longer legs and a longer neck in flight. The nominate race of the white stork has a wide although disjunct summer range across Europe, clustered in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1793584",
"score": "0.97224015",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "White stork",
"long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the folklore has spread around the world to the Philippines and countries in South America. Birthmarks on the back of the head of newborn baby, nevus flammeus nuchae, are sometimes referred to as stork-bite.",
"chunked_long_answer": "According to European folklore, the stork is responsible for bringing babies to new parents. The legend is very ancient, but was popularised by a 19th-century Hans Christian Andersen story called The Storks. German folklore held that storks found babies in caves or marshes and brought them to households in a basket on their backs or held in their beaks. These caves contained adebarsteine or \"stork stones\". The babies would then be given to the mother or dropped down the chimney. Households would notify when they wanted children by placing sweets for the stork on the window sill. From there the",
"short_answers": [
"bringing babies to new parents"
]
}
|
the oligodynamic effect is a phenomenon that describes
|
[
"a biocidal effect of metals"
] |
[
{
"title": "Electrodynamic suspension",
"text": "Electrodynamic suspension Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two objects apart. These time varying magnetic fields can be caused by relative motion between two objects. In many cases, one magnetic field is a permanent field, such as a permanent magnet or a superconducting magnet, and the other magnetic field is induced from the changes of the field that occur as the magnet moves relative to a conductor in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2723235",
"score": "0.9365939",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Stewart–Tolman effect",
"text": "Stewart–Tolman effect The Stewart–Tolman effect is a phenomenon in electrodynamics caused by the finite mass of electrons in conducting metal, or, more generally, the finite mass of charge carriers in an electrical conductor. It is named after T. Dale Stewart and Richard C. Tolman, two American physicists who carried out their experimental work in the 1910s. This eponym appears to be first used by Lev Landau. In a conducting body undergoing accelerating motion, inertia causes the electrons in the body to \"lag\" behind the overall motion. In the case of linear acceleration, negative charge accumulates at the end of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10449784",
"score": "0.93553567",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Hydrodynamic reception",
"text": "can also be difficult. “Hydrodynamic” refers to the motion of water against an object that causes a force to be exerted upon it. A hydrodynamic stimulus is therefore a detectable disturbance caused by objects moving in a fluid. The geometry of the disturbance depends on properties of the object (shape, size, velocity) and also on properties of the fluid, such as viscosity and velocity. These water movements are not only relevant to animals that can detect them, but constitute a branch of physics, fluid dynamics, that has importance in areas such as meteorology, engineering, and astronomy. A frequent hydrodynamic stimulus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16009398",
"score": "0.9315094",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Meredith effect",
"text": "Meredith effect The Meredith effect is a phenomenon whereby the aerodynamic drag produced by a cooling radiator may be offset by careful design of the cooling duct such that useful thrust is produced. The effect was discovered in the 1930s and became more important as the speeds of piston-engined aircraft increased over the next decade. The Meredith effect occurs when air flowing through a duct is heated by a heat-exchanger or radiator containing a hot working fluid such as ethylene glycol. Typically the fluid is a coolant carrying waste heat from an internal combustion engine. For the effect to occur,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13347332",
"score": "0.92924386",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Antimicrobial properties of copper",
"text": "action of copper have been a subject of intensive research. Scientists are also actively demonstrating the intrinsic efficacy of copper alloy \"touch surfaces\" to destroy a wide range of microorganisms that threaten public health. The oligodynamic effect was discovered in 1893 as a toxic effect of metal ions on living cells, algae, molds, spores, fungi, viruses, prokaryotic, and eukaryotic microorganisms, even in relatively low concentrations. This antimicrobial effect is shown by ions of copper as well as mercury, silver, iron, lead, zinc, bismuth, gold, and aluminium. In 1973, researchers at Battelle Columbus Laboratories conducted a comprehensive literature, technology and patent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14447026",
"score": "0.9286357",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Electro-gyration",
"text": "Electro-gyration The electrogyration effect is the spatial dispersion phenomenon, that consists in the change of optical activity (gyration) of crystals by a constant or time-varying electric field. Being a spatial dispersion effect, the induced optical activity exhibit different behavior under the operation of wave vector reversal, when compared with the Faraday effect: the optical activity increment associated with the electrogyration effect changes its sign under that operation, contrary to the Faraday effect. Formally, it is a special case of gyroelectromagnetism obtained when the magnetic permeability tensor is diagonal. The electrogyration effect linear in the electric field occurs in crystals of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10455630",
"score": "0.9238172",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Electrodynamic droplet deformation",
"text": "Electrodynamic droplet deformation Electrohydrodynamic droplet deformation is a phenomenon that occurs when liquid droplets suspended in a second immiscible liquid are exposed to an oscillating electric field. Under these conditions, the droplet will periodically deform between prolate and oblate ellipsoidal shapes. The characteristic frequency and magnitude of the deformation is determined by a balance of electrodynamic, hydrodynamic, and capillary stresses acting on the droplet interface. This phenomenon has been studied extensively both mathematically and experimentally because of the complex fluid dynamics that occur. Characterization and modulation of electrodynamic droplet deformation is of particular interest for engineering applications because of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17676122",
"score": "0.9132081",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Oligogenic inheritance",
"text": "Oligogenic inheritance Oligogenic inheritance (Greek ὀλίγος – \"ὀligos\" = few, a little) describes a trait that is influenced by more than one gene. Oligogenic inheritance represents an intermediate between monogenic inheritance in which a trait is determined by a single causative gene, and polygenic inheritance, in which a trait is influenced by many genes and often environmental factors. Historically, many traits were thought to be governed by a single causative gene (in what is deemed monogenic inheritance), however work in genetics revealed that these traits are comparatively rare, and in most cases so-called monogenic traits are predominantly influenced by one",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18604152",
"score": "0.9089552",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Electro-gyration",
"text": "taken into account. In that sense, the electrogyration effect represents the first of the gradient nonlinear optical phenomena ever revealed. Electro-gyration The electrogyration effect is the spatial dispersion phenomenon, that consists in the change of optical activity (gyration) of crystals by a constant or time-varying electric field. Being a spatial dispersion effect, the induced optical activity exhibit different behavior under the operation of wave vector reversal, when compared with the Faraday effect: the optical activity increment associated with the electrogyration effect changes its sign under that operation, contrary to the Faraday effect. Formally, it is a special case of gyroelectromagnetism",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10455642",
"score": "0.9040787",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"text": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Eötvös effect",
"text": "is a force being measured in newtons, not in grams.) The diagrams also show the component in the direction parallel to the local surface. In meteorology and in oceanography, it is customary to refer to the effects of the component parallel to the local surface as the Coriolis effect. Eötvös effect The Eötvös effect is the change in perceived gravitational force caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity. When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to the earth's rotation), and thus the centrifugal force also increases, causing a perceived reduction",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6892913",
"score": "0.90243375",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Joule–Thomson effect",
"text": "Joule–Thomson effect In thermodynamics, the Joule–Thomson effect (also known as the Joule–Kelvin effect, Kelvin–Joule effect) describes the temperature change of a \"real\" gas or liquid (as differentiated from an ideal gas) when it is forced through a valve or porous plug while keeping them insulated so that no heat is exchanged with the environment. This procedure is called a \"throttling process\" or \"Joule–Thomson process\". At room temperature, all gases except hydrogen, helium and neon cool upon expansion by the Joule–Thomson process when being throttled through an orifice; these three gases experience the same effect but only at lower temperatures. Some",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1065575",
"score": "0.9007871",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Biefeld–Brown effect",
"text": "of electrohydrodynamics (EHD). Brown also believed the Biefeld–Brown effect could produce an anti-gravity force, referred to as \"electrogravitics\" based on it being an electricity/gravity phenomenon. However, there is little evidence that supports Brown's claim on the effect's anti-gravity properties. The \"Biefeld–Brown effect\" was the name given to a phenomenon observed by Thomas Townsend Brown while he was experimenting with X-ray tubes during the 1920s while he was still in high school. When he applied a high voltage electrical charge to a Coolidge tube that he placed on a scale, Brown noticed a difference in the tubes mass depending on orientation,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1550815",
"score": "0.8984041",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Electrodynamic suspension",
"text": "For a sinusoidal excitation, this EMF is 90 degrees phased ahead of the field, peaking where the changes are most rapid (rather than when it is strongest): Electrodynamic suspension Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field which holds the two objects apart. These time varying magnetic fields can be caused by relative motion between two objects. In many cases, one magnetic field is a permanent field, such as a permanent magnet or a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2723246",
"score": "0.89770824",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Hydrodynamic theory (dentistry)",
"text": "and evaporative stimuli cause an outward flow of fluid and mechanical and hot stimuli cause an inward flow. The movement of dentinal fluid leads to mechanical deformation and activation of the sensory nerve terminals of low-threshold Aδ fibres located in close contact with odontoblasts Hydrodynamic theory (dentistry) The Hydrodynamic or Fluid Movement theory is one of the main theories in dentistry to explain the mechanism by which a tooth perceives the sensation of pain. It is currently the most widely accepted theory used to explain tooth sensitivity. There are three main theories of dentine hypersensitivity: The hydrodynamic theory, first proposed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10459993",
"score": "0.8967947",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Electrohydrodynamics",
"text": "potential difference by electrodes. In such case, the structure acts as an electrical generator. Electrokinesis is the particle or fluid transport produced by an electric field acting on a fluid having a net mobile charge. (See -kinesis for explanation and further uses of the -kinesis suffix.) \"Electrokinesis\" was first observed by Ferdinand Frederic Reuss during 1808, in the electrophoresis of clay particles The effect was also noticed and publicized in the 1920s by Thomas Townsend Brown which he called the Biefeld–Brown effect, although he seems to have miss-identified it as an electric field acting on gravity. The flow rate in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4331981",
"score": "0.89557314",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"text": "a fungicide and acaricide used in fruit and grape growing. Bismuth compounds have been used because of their astringent, antiphlogistic, bacteriostatic, and disinfecting actions. In dermatology bismuth subgallate is still used in vulnerary salves and powders as well as in antimycotics. In the past, bismuth has also been used to treat syphilis and malaria. Boric acid esters derived from glycols (example, organo-borate formulation, \"Biobor JF\") are being used for the control of microorganisms in fuel systems containing water. Brass vessels release a small amount of copper ions into stored water, thus killing fecal bacterial counts as high as 1 million",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5372351",
"score": "0.8930815",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Electrodynamic droplet deformation",
"text": "this size are in fact present in industrial cooling systems, such as nuclear reactors. Electrodynamic droplet deformation Electrohydrodynamic droplet deformation is a phenomenon that occurs when liquid droplets suspended in a second immiscible liquid are exposed to an oscillating electric field. Under these conditions, the droplet will periodically deform between prolate and oblate ellipsoidal shapes. The characteristic frequency and magnitude of the deformation is determined by a balance of electrodynamic, hydrodynamic, and capillary stresses acting on the droplet interface. This phenomenon has been studied extensively both mathematically and experimentally because of the complex fluid dynamics that occur. Characterization and modulation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17676138",
"score": "0.89193434",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Tunnel effect",
"text": "Tunnel effect In experimental psychology, the tunnel effect is the perception as a single object moving beyond an occluding object and then reappearing after a suitable amount of time on the other side of it. This phenomenon has been studied by Burke (1952), who discovered that the optimal amount of time for giving the impression of a single object is shorter than what is actually needed to cross the occlusion at that speed. The \"tunnel effect\", when talking about long stretches of road, refers to the environment surrounding the driver that begins to merge towards the central point of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11314794",
"score": "0.88983417",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Autokinetic effect",
"text": "Autokinetic effect The autokinetic effect (also referred to as autokinesis) is a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move. It was first recorded by a Russian officer keeping watch, who observed illusory movement of a star near the horizon . It is presumed to occur because motion perception is always relative to some reference point, and in darkness or in a featureless environment there is no reference point, so the position of the single point is undefined. The direction of the movements does not appear",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3822738",
"score": "0.88642883",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"text": "the much less soluble silver sulfide. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, metallic silver also has a bactericidal effect due to the formation of silver oxide, which is soluble enough to cause it. Bactericidal concentrations are reduced rapidly by adding colloidal silver, which has a high surface area. Even objects with a solid silver surface (e.g., table silver, silver coins, or silver foil) have a bactericidal effect. Silver drinking vessels were carried by military commanders on expeditions for protection against disease. It was once common to place silver foil or even silver coins on wounds for the same reason. Silver",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5372355",
"score": "0.88557476",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Butterfly effect",
"text": "Butterfly effect In chaos theory, the butterfly effect is the sensitive dependence on initial conditions in which a small change in one state of a deterministic nonlinear system can result in large differences in a later state. The term, coined by Edward Lorenz, is derived from the metaphorical example of the details of a tornado (the exact time of formation, the exact path taken) being influenced by minor perturbations such as the flapping of the wings of a distant butterfly several weeks earlier. Lorenz discovered the effect when he observed that runs of his weather model with initial condition data",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47427",
"score": "0.8844112",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Electronic effect",
"text": "Electronic effect An electronic effect influences the structure, reactivity, or properties of molecule but is neither a traditional bond nor a steric effect. In organic chemistry, the term stereoelectronic effect is also used to emphasize the relation between the electronic structure and the geometry (stereochemistry) of a molecule. Induction is the redistribution of electron density through a traditional sigma bonded structure according to the electronegativity of the atoms involved. The inductive effect drops across every sigma bond involved limiting its effect to only a few bonds. Conjugation is a redistribution of electron density similar to induction but transmitted through interconnected",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11671917",
"score": "0.88331085",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Tunnel effect",
"text": "horizon. This effect can be noted at high speeds, when driving on straight smooth roads. The effect is amplified if the environment surrounding is monotonous. The \"tunnelling effect\" can cause nausea, confusion to drivers as well as letting fatigue settle in at a higher rate, making it one major cause in sleep related accidents. Tunnel effect In experimental psychology, the tunnel effect is the perception as a single object moving beyond an occluding object and then reappearing after a suitable amount of time on the other side of it. This phenomenon has been studied by Burke (1952), who discovered that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11314795",
"score": "0.87974626",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Hydrodynamic reception",
"text": "is a wake, consisting of eddies and vortices that an organism leaves behind as it swims, affected by the animal's size, swimming pattern, and speed. Although the strength of a wake decreases over time as it moves away from its source, vortex structure of a goldfish's wake can remain for about thirty seconds, and increased water velocity can be detected several minutes after production. Since movement of an object through water inevitably creates movement of the water itself, and this resulting water motion persists and travels, the detection of hydrodynamic stimuli is useful for sensing conspecifics, predators, and prey. Many",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16009399",
"score": "0.87864405",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Hydrodynamic theory (dentistry)",
"text": "Hydrodynamic theory (dentistry) The Hydrodynamic or Fluid Movement theory is one of the main theories in dentistry to explain the mechanism by which a tooth perceives the sensation of pain. It is currently the most widely accepted theory used to explain tooth sensitivity. There are three main theories of dentine hypersensitivity: The hydrodynamic theory, first proposed by M. Brännström in 1966, suggested that dentine hypersensitivity is due to the abrupt movement of fluid within the dentinal tubules in response to cold and heat (thermal), osmotic (e.g. eating sugary foods), mechanical (e.g. chewing) and evaporative stimuli (e.g. air blasts). Cold, osmotic",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10459992",
"score": "0.87596154",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Eötvös effect",
"text": "Eötvös effect The Eötvös effect is the change in perceived gravitational force caused by the change in centrifugal acceleration resulting from eastbound or westbound velocity. When moving eastbound, the object's angular velocity is increased (in addition to the earth's rotation), and thus the centrifugal force also increases, causing a perceived reduction in gravitational force. In the early 1900s (decade), a German team from the Institute of Geodesy in Potsdam carried out gravity measurements on moving ships in the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans. While studying their results the Hungarian nobleman and physicist Baron Roland von Eötvös (Loránd Eötvös) noticed that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6892898",
"score": "0.87490207",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect",
"text": "Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect In high-energy physics, the Landau–Pomeranchuk–Migdal effect, also known as the Landau–Pomeranchuk effect and the Pomeranchuk effect, or simply LPM effect, is a reduction of the bremsstrahlung and pair production cross sections at high energies or high matter densities. It is named in honor to Lev Landau, Isaak Pomeranchuk and Arkady Migdal. A high energy particle undergoing multiple soft scatterings from a medium will experience interference effects between adjacent scattering sites. From uncertainty as the longitudinal momentum transfer gets small the particles wavelength will increase, if the wavelength becomes longer than the mean free path in the medium (the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9672633",
"score": "0.8745638",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Schottky effect",
"text": "equation, by replacing \"W\" by (\"W\" − Δ\"W\"). This gives the equation Schottky effect The Schottky effect or field enhanced thermionic emission is a phenomenon in condensed matter physics named after Walter H. Schottky. In electron emission devices, especially electron guns, the thermionic electron emitter will be biased negative relative to its surroundings. This creates an electric field of magnitude \"F\" at the emitter surface. Without the field, the surface barrier seen by an escaping Fermi-level electron has height \"W\" equal to the local work-function. The electric field lowers the surface barrier by an amount Δ\"W\", and increases the emission",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5831951",
"score": "0.8714116",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Electroviscous effects",
"text": "Electroviscous effects Electroviscous effects, in chemistry of colloids and surface chemistry, according to an IUPAC definition, are the effects of the particle surface charge on viscosity of a fluid. Viscoelectric is an effect by which an electric field near a charged interface influences the structure of the surrounding fluid and affects the viscosity of the fluid. Kinematic viscosity of a fluid, η, can be expressed as a function of electric potential gradient, E, by an equation in the form: where f is the viscoelectric coefficient of the fluid. The value of f for water (ambient temperature) has been estimated to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15654419",
"score": "0.87063396",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Oligodynamic effect",
"long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The oligodynamic effect (from Greek oligos \"few\", and dynamis \"force\") is a biocidal effect of metals, especially heavy metals, that occurs even in low concentrations. The effect was discovered by Karl Wilhelm von Nägeli, although he did not identify the cause. Brass doorknobs and silverware both exhibit this effect to an extent.",
"short_answers": [
"a biocidal effect of metals"
]
}
|
when do you declare honors in contract bridge
|
[
"any time after the auction"
] |
[
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "awards a bonus for holding a certain combination of high cards), although some are common between the two. A larger bonus is awarded if the declaring side makes a small slam or grand slam, a contract of 12 or 13 tricks respectively. If the declaring side is not vulnerable, a small slam gets 500 points, and a grand slam 1000 points. If the declaring side is vulnerable, a small slam is 750 points and a grand slam is 1,500. In rubber bridge, the rubber finishes when a partnership has won two games, but the partnership receiving the most \"overall\" points",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47059",
"score": "1.2217627",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "rounds, but in duplicate bridge, vulnerability is predetermined based on the number of each board. If the declaring side makes their contract, they receive points for , or tricks bid and made in excess of six. In both rubber and duplicate bridge, the declaring side is awarded 20 points per odd trick for a contract in clubs or diamonds, and 30 points per odd trick for a contract in hearts or spades. For a contract in notrump, the declaring side is awarded 40 points for the first odd trick and 30 points for the remaining odd tricks. Contract points are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47057",
"score": "1.1689074",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "fulfill the contract are referred to as and their scoring points are accounted for separately because their values are dependent upon declarer's vulnerability. When declarer makes overtricks, their score value depends upon the contract denomination, declarer's vulnerability and whether or not the contract is undoubled, doubled or redoubled. In an undoubled contract each overtrick earns the same as in contract points (30 for notrump and major suit contracts, 20 for minor suit contracts); values increase significantly when the contract has been doubled or redoubled, especially when vulnerable. Bonuses are awarded for all contracts bid and made: When a doubled or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6686991",
"score": "1.1662328",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "scored: if the declaring side make their contract, they receive points based on the level of the contract, with some trump suits being worth more points than others and no trump being the highest, as well as bonus points for . But if the declarer fails to fulfil the contract, the defenders receive points depending on the declaring side's undertricks (the number of tricks short of the contract) and whether the contract was doubled by the defenders. The four players sit in two partnerships, with each player sitting opposite his partner. Cardinal directions are assigned to each seat, so that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47048",
"score": "1.1651881",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "a game, North-South are now also vulnerable for all subsequent deals of the rubber. Deal 5: North bids 3 and makes 4 scoring 60 contract points below the line and 20 overtrick points above the line. Deal 6: East bids and makes 6 - a small slam holding all five top honors. This scores a game of 120 contract points and earns a slam bonus of 750 points above the line (East-West being vulnerable). 150 honor points are scored above the line for holding all five honors. Having again accumulated 100 or more points below the line, East-West win a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6686999",
"score": "1.1534415",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "the suit the partnership has shown strength in, and because they have agreed that when they hold two \"touching honors\" (or \"adjacent honors\") they will play the higher one first. West plays the card face down, to give their partner and the declarer (but not dummy) a chance to ask any last questions about the bidding or to object if they believe West is not the correct hand to lead. After that, North's cards are laid on the table and North becomes \"dummy\", as both the North and South hands will be controlled by the declarer. West turns the lead",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47098",
"score": "1.1499231",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "accordingly, or dispute the claim. If the claim is disputed, play continues with the claiming player's cards face up in rubber games, or in duplicate games, play ceases and the tournament director is called to adjudicate the hand. At the end of the hand, points are awarded to the declaring side if they make the contract, or else to the defenders. Partnerships can be , increasing the rewards for making the contract, but also increasing the penalties for undertricks. In rubber bridge, if a side has won 100 contract points, they have won a and are vulnerable for the remaining",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47056",
"score": "1.1376723",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "redoubled contract is made, a bonus is awarded to the declaring side. It is colloquially referred to as a bonus for \"insult\", meaning that the opponents have insulted the pair by suggesting that the declarer will not make the contract. In scoring notation, a doubled contract is indicated by an 'X\" after the contract (e.g. a contract of four hearts doubled is indicated by 4 X); a redoubled contract is indicated by \"XX\" (e.g. 4 XX). When a contract is defeated, penalty points are awarded to the defending side. The value of the penalty depends on the number of undertricks,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6686992",
"score": "1.1239662",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "next trick. The declarer has control of the dummy's cards and plays them when it is their turn, although the declarer often requests his partner to play a specified card on his behalf. There also exist conventions that communicate further information between defenders about their hands during the play. At any time, a player may , stating that their side will win a specific number of the remaining tricks. The claiming player lays his cards down on the table explains how he intends to play the remaining cards. The opponents can either accept the claim and the round is scored",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47055",
"score": "1.0951407",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "hand is difficult, so there exist many bidding systems assigning meanings to bids, with common ones including Standard American, Acol, and 2/1 game forcing. Contrast with Spades, where players only have to bid their own hand. After the contract is decided, and the first lead is made, the declarer's partner (dummy) lays his cards face up on the table, and the declarer plays the dummy's cards as well as their own. The opposing partnership is called the , and their goal is to stop the declarer from fulfilling his contract. Once all the cards have been played, the hand is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47047",
"score": "1.0889533",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "four phases. The cards are dealt to the players, and then the players auction or \"bid\" to take the , specifying how many tricks the partnership receiving the contract (the declaring side) needs to take to receive points for the deal. During the auction, partners communicate information about their hand, including its overall strength and the length of its suits, although conventions for use during play also exist. The cards are then played, the trying to fulfill the contract, and the trying to stop the declaring side from achieving its goal. The deal is scored based on the number of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47038",
"score": "1.0829233",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "partnership will adopt, which must be higher than the previous highest bid (if any). Eventually, the player who bid the highest contract—which is determined by the contract's level as well as the trump suit or no trump—wins the contract for their partnership. In the example auction on the right, the East-West pair secures the contract of 6; the auction concludes when there have been three successive passes. Note that six tricks are added to contract values, so the six-level contract would actually be a contract of twelve tricks. In practice, establishing a contract without enough information on the other partner's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47046",
"score": "1.0815054",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Honor point count",
"text": "Honor point count In contract bridge, the honor point count is a system for hand evaluation. A balanced hand contains no voids or singletons, at most one doubleton and not more than five cards in any suit. Hand patterns fitting these criteria are 4-3-3-3, 4-4-3-2 and 5-3-3-2 and represent 47.6% of all possible deals. Hands with a 5-4-2-2 pattern are considered semi-balanced and if included in the criteria for balanced hands would raise the probability of being dealt one of the four hand patterns to 58.2%. A common practice is to assign values to the four higher honors, called High",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16019808",
"score": "1.0812848",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "the total by the number of competitors (37 divided by 4) to arrive at 9.25 as your averaged cross-IMP score. In the 1932 Laws of Contract Bridge, notrump tricks bid and made, and undoubled notrump tricks made but not bid, score 30, 40, 30, 40, 30, 40, 30. In 1935 this became 40, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30, 30. Redoubled undertricks have always scored twice as much as the same doubled undertricks. A change to the scoring of the fourth and subsequent non-vulnerable undertricks, from 200 each to 300 each, was made in 1987 after a hand in the finals",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6687006",
"score": "1.0646505",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "has been played, all four players slot their cards back into the board, ready to be played by the next table. The dealer opens the auction and can make the first call, and the auction proceeds clockwise. When it is their turn to call, a player may pass—but can enter into the bidding later—or bid a contract, specifying the level of their contract and either the trump suit or no trump (the denomination), provided that it is higher than the last bid by any player, including their partner. All bids promise to take a number of tricks in excess of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47051",
"score": "1.0629177",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "been made, in which case the round is considered to be \"passed out\" and not played. The player from the declaring side who first bid the denomination named in the final contract becomes declarer. The player left to the declarer leads to the first trick. Then the dummy lays his or her cards face up on the table. Play proceeds clockwise, with each player required to follow suit if possible. Tricks are won by the highest trump, or if there were none played, the highest card of the led suit. The player who won the previous trick leads to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47054",
"score": "1.0612463",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "doubled or quadrupled if the contract is respectively doubled or redoubled. In rubber bridge, a partnership wins one game once it has accumulated 100 contract points; excess contract points do not carry over to the next game. A partnership that wins two games wins the rubber, receiving a bonus of 500 points if the opponents have won a game, and 700 points if they have not. Overtricks score the same number of points per odd trick, although their doubled and redoubled values differ. Bonuses vary between the two bridge variations both in score and in type (for example, rubber bridge",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47058",
"score": "1.0605874",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Minibridge",
"text": "plus 30 points for each trick beyond the minimum number needed to win the contract, or 20 trick points in case of a minor suit contract (clubs or diamonds), plus a bonus of 300 points. If declarer does not win the necessary number of tricks, then declarer's partnership scores 0 points and the opposing party scores 50 points for every missing trick. In the table this is written as negative scores (which do not exist). Minibridge Minibridge is a simplified form of the complex card game Contract Bridge designed to expose newcomers to declarer and defensive playing techniques without the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7900886",
"score": "1.0586638",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "the round; otherwise, they receive penalty points. Bridge extends the concept of bidding into an , where partnerships compete to take a , specifying how many tricks they will need to take in order to receive points, and also specifying the trump suit (or no trump, meaning that there will be no trump suit). Players take turns to call in a clockwise order: each player in turn either passes, doubles—which increases the penalties for not making the contract specified by the opposing partnership's last bid, but also increases the reward for making it—or redoubles, or states a contract that their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47045",
"score": "1.0548916",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Rule of 11",
"text": "Rule of 11 In contract bridge, the Rule of 11 is applied when the opening lead is the fourth best from the defender's suit. By subtracting the rank of the card led from 11, the partner of the opening leader can determine how many cards higher than the card led are held by declarer, dummy and himself; by deduction of those in dummy and in his own hand, he can determine the number in declarer's hand. The rule works because the opening leader is known to have exactly three cards higher than that led and the number of cards lower",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9135963",
"score": "1.0504768",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Minibridge",
"text": "the players, each receiving 13 cards. As in contract bridge, it is then decided which player becomes \"declarer\", but a key innovation of Minibridge is that this decision is taken out of the players' hands. Declarer's partner then lays open their hand, and declarer announces a contract. This is a trump suit or \"no trumps\", together with an undertaking to win more than half the tricks (\"partscore\") or even to win 100 trick points or more (\"game\"). The remainder of the game is very similar to contract bridge. In particular, declarer's partner becomes \"dummy\" (i.e., declarer plays both hands). Each",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7900882",
"score": "1.0494213",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "takes care of all hands with 24 points (HCP or with distribution points included) with the only exception of \"Gambling 3NT\". Opening bids at the one level are made with hands containing 12–13 points or more and which are not suitable for one of the preceding bids. Using Standard American with 5-card majors, opening hearts or spades usually promises a 5-card suit. Partnerships who agree to play 5-card majors open a minor suit with 4-card majors and then bid their major suit at the next opportunity. This means that an opening bid of 1 or 1 will sometimes be made",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47087",
"score": "1.0489446",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "be also expressed in tabular form, but a textual explanation is usually preferred in practice, for reader's convenience. Plays of small cards or \"discards\" are often omitted from such a description, unless they were important for the outcome). North-South score the required 10 tricks, and their opponents take the remaining three. The contract is fulfilled, and North enters the pair numbers, the contract, and the score of +420 for the winning side (North is in charge of bookkeeping in duplicate tournaments) on the traveling sheet. North asks East to check the score entered on the traveller. All players return their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47103",
"score": "1.045875",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Signal (bridge)",
"text": "a continuation. The usual reason for this is that you possess an honor equal to the honor played or promised by the lead. Against a notrump contract (especially on the opening lead) partner will lead an honor from a solid or broken sequence, such as QJ10 or KQ10. With less solid holdings like QJxx(x) or KQxx(x) partner will lead his fourth best card. The reason to signal is, if partner leads from a broken sequence and there are small cards in dummy, partner may not know whether to continue the suit (should the trick hold or they gain the lead",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2714340",
"score": "1.045555",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Singaporean bridge",
"text": "1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 points are scored for contracts of 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 tricks respectively. Both partners score the same points when contract are fulfilled. There is no extra point for over-trick, so players should try to bid to their full potential. There is a penalty for under-trick to prevent reckless pre-emptive bidding; the opponent score 1, 2, 4, 8, 16 points... and so on, depending on the number of under-tricks. The points for each game are recorded on a piece of paper with four columns for four players. In each game only",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6234985",
"score": "1.0412856",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "to make a game (nine tricks at notrump, ten tricks in hearts or spades, 11 tricks in clubs or diamonds), which yields bonus points if bid and made. East-West are \"competing\" in spades, hoping to play a contract in spades at a low level. 4 is the final contract, 10 tricks being required for N-S to make with hearts as trump. South is the \"declarer\", having been first to bid hearts, and the player to South's left, West, has to choose the first card in the play, known as the \"opening lead\". West chooses the spade king because spades is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47097",
"score": "1.0411577",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "six, so a bid must be between one (seven tricks) and seven (thirteen tricks). A bid is higher than another bid if either the level is greater (e.g., 2 over 1NT) or the denomination is higher, with the order being in ascending order: , , , , and NT (no trump). Calls may be made orally, or with a bidding box, or digitally in online bridge. If the last bid was by the opposing partnership, one may also the opponents' bid, increasing the penalties for undertricks, but also increasing the reward for making the contract. Doubling does not carry to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47052",
"score": "1.0406027",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Contract bridge",
"text": "parts of European Istanbul, where they apparently crossed every day to go to a coffeehouse to play cards.\" Bridge is a four-player partnership trick-taking game with thirteen tricks per deal. The dominant variations of the game are rubber bridge, more common in social play; and duplicate bridge, which enables comparative scoring in tournament play. Each player is dealt thirteen cards from a standard 52-card deck. A starts when a player leads, i.e. plays the first card. The leader to the first trick is determined by the auction; the leader to each subsequent trick is the player who won the preceding",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47041",
"score": "1.0400628",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"text": "essential to understanding bridge scoring: Bridge scoring consists of nine elements. Not all elements are included in all game variants and the method of accumulation of the elements over several deals varies. If the contract is made, the score for each such deal consists of: If the contract is defeated, the defenders receive In rubber bridge only, In duplicate bridge only, Contract points are awarded for each odd trick bid and made. Their values depend on the suit (or notrump) and whether the contract is doubled or redoubled; they are not affected by vulnerability. Tricks won beyond that necessary to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6686990",
"score": "1.0400277",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Bridge scoring",
"long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Honors may be declared and scored at any time after the auction but for strategic reasons it is best to do so at the conclusion of play so as not to give the opponents information about the lay of the cards. Honors may be held by any of the four players, including dummy.",
"short_answers": [
"any time after the auction"
]
}
|
which country is the last member of saarc
|
[
"Afghanistan"
] |
[
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "the eight member countries participated in the summit in Kathmandu. Foreign Ministers of the eight member states signed an agreement on energy cooperation namely 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)' in the presence of their heads of state and government during the concluding ceremony of the 18th SAARC Summit on 27 November. Although Pakistan stalled, citing insufficient internal preparations, signing of two other agreements on Vehicular Traffic and Railways respectively. Although Nepalese Prime Minister Sushil Koirala, current SAARC Chair, expressed his hope that the 'Regulation of Passenger and Cargo Vehicular Traffic amongst SAARC Member States', and 'SAARC Regional Agreement",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363193",
"score": "1.1598209",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "in upgrading its status from an observer to a full member of SAARC. Russia has applied for observer status membership of SAARC. Turkey applied for observer status membership of SAARC in 2012. South Africa has participated in meetings. The SAARC Secretariat was established in Kathmandu on 16 January 1987 and was inaugurated by Late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah of Nepal. The SAARC Secretariat is supported by following Regional Centres established in the Member States to promote regional co-operation. These Centres are managed by Governing Boards comprising representatives from all the Member States, SAARC Secretary-General and the Ministry of Foreign/External",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470100",
"score": "1.1480817",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "SAARC Secretary General",
"text": "Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. SAARC Secretariat is supported by following regional centers established in member states to promote regional co-operation. These centers are managed by governing boards composed of representatives from all the member states, the SAARC Secretariat and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Center acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. There have been 12 democratically elected holders of the office of Secretary-General of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). Bangladesh held the first summit in Dhaka,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17674356",
"score": "1.1143343",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "18th SAARC summit The eighteenth summit of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) was held in Kathmandu, the capital of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal during 26–27 November 2014. The theme of the summit was \"Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity\", focused on enhancing connectivity between the member states for easier transit-transport across the region. Sushil Koirala, the then Nepalese Prime Minister, was the main host of the event which took place in Rastriya Sabha Griha Sanandan Raj, Nepal The summit took place after an interval of three years as the previous summit was held in 2011 in Maldives.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363191",
"score": "1.0964749",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "Affairs of the Host Government. The Director of the Centre acts as Member Secretary to the Governing Board which reports to the Programming Committee. After 31 December 2015, there 6 regional centers were stopped by unanimous decision. These are SMRC, SFC, SDC, SCZMC, SIC, SHRDC. SAARC has six Apex Bodies, they are- Amjad Hussain B. Sial is the current Secretary General of SAARC. SAARC also has about 17 recognised bodies. South Asia Association of Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Disaster Management Centre (SDMC-IU) has been set up at Gujarat Institute of Disaster Management (GIDM) Campus, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India. Eight Member States, i.e.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470101",
"score": "1.0936552",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "journalists, and athletes. The Visa Stickers are issued by the respective Member States to the entitled categories of that particular country. The validity of the Visa Sticker is generally for one year. The implementation is reviewed regularly by the Immigration Authorities of SAARC Member States. The Twelfth Summit approved the SAARC Award to support individuals and organisations within the region. The main aims of the SAARC Award are: The SAARC Award consists of a gold medal, a letter of citation, and cash prize of US$25,000 (15 lakhs). Since the institution of the SAARC Award in 2004, it has been awarded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470109",
"score": "1.091636",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "South Asia",
"text": "Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka form South Asia. The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic cooperation organisation in the region which was established in 1985 and includes all eight nations comprising South Asia. South Asia covers about 5.2 million km (2 million mi), which is 11.71% of the Asian continent or 3.5% of the world's land surface area. The population of South Asia is about 1.891 billion or about one fourth of the world's population, making it both the most populous and the most densely populated geographical region in the world. Overall, it accounts",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13041638",
"score": "1.0688752",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation. With the ongoing cold relationships between India and Pakistan, the formal handshake between the Prime Ministers from both the countries caught a lot of attention and was applauded by everyone in the Summit Hall. In this way the 18th SAARC summit was over 18th SAARC summit The eighteenth summit of 'South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation' (SAARC) was held in Kathmandu, the capital of Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal during 26–27 November 2014. The theme of the summit was \"Deeper Integration for Peace and Prosperity\", focused on enhancing connectivity between the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363196",
"score": "1.0594859",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "SAARC Documentation Centre",
"text": "Source Library Automation Software from 5th Dec. to 10th Dec. 2011 at New Delhi, India 2. 5-day SAARC Workshop on Library 2.0 from 12th Dec. to 16th Dec. 2011 at Kathmandu in Nepal Recently SDC organized SAARC Workshop 2011 on Library 2.0 in Kathmandu, Nepal during the period 12-16 Dec. 2011. There were 24 participants from various SAARC member states. SDC Website: www.sdc.gov.in SAARC Documentation Centre SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) is a regional centre of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). SDC is located in New Delhi. Presently it is housed on the campus of NISCAIR. The 30-year-old South",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15383950",
"score": "1.053929",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "BBIN",
"text": "region considered least integrated, was seen to connote purpose beyond interwoven commerce. India proposed a SAARC Motor Vehicle Agreement during the 18th SAARC summit in Kathmandu in November 2014. Due to objections from Pakistan, an agreement could not be reached. India instead pursued a similar motor vehicle agreement with the BBIN. The BBIN Motor Vehicles Agreement (MVA) was signed on 15 June 2015 at the BBIN transport ministers meeting in Thimpu, Bhutan. The agreement will permit the member states to ply their vehicles in each other's territory for transportation of cargo and passengers, including third country transport and personal vehicles.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18839568",
"score": "1.0454922",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit",
"text": "Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit was made during SAARC Summit 2014 in Nepal.The 18th SAARC summit was held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 26 to 27 November 2014. The state heads of eight SAARC member countries along with their delegations had meeting during the Summit and discussed the agendas of SAARC. The discussions on previous implementations was made by the delegations before the summit. They Recognized that after nearly thirty years of their existence, it was time to reinvigorate SAARC's regional cooperation and revitalize SAARC as an effective vehicle to fulfill the developmental aspirations of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469457",
"score": "1.0442518",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Foreign relations of Bangladesh",
"text": "the formal inauguration of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) at a summit gathering of South Asian leaders in Dhaka in December 1985. Bangladesh has served in the chairmanship of SAARC and has participated in a wide range of ongoing SAARC regional activities An international organisation which includes South Asian and Southeast Asian nations. The member nations of this group are: Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Bhutan and Nepal. The organisation focuses on regional economy, regional development and trade & investment. Bangladesh is among the 8 member countries of this organization. But no plans for expansion have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "778225",
"score": "1.0395542",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit",
"text": "Area, a Customs Union, a Common Market, and a Common Economic and Monetary Union. The Leaders acknowledged that SAARC Member States, particularly the Least Developed and Landlocked Member States, face structural constraints and challenges that result in their weak productive capacity affecting their competitiveness in external trade due to, among others, high trade and transit cost. They committed to enhance support to the Least Developed and Landlocked Member States in their development efforts, with a view to ensuring equitable benefits of free trade arrangements. In this context, they agreed to effectively implement the existing preferential facilities under SAFTA and SATIS.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469459",
"score": "1.038229",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "SAARC Documentation Centre",
"text": "SAARC Documentation Centre SAARC Documentation Centre (SDC) is a regional centre of SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation). SDC is located in New Delhi. Presently it is housed on the campus of NISCAIR. The 30-year-old South Asian grouping SAARC has closed down three of its regional centres in line with a decision taken at its 18th summit meeting at Khatmandu. The scrapped centres are the Saarc Information Centre in Kathmandu, Saarc Human Resource Development Centre in Islamabad, and Saarc Documentation Centre in New Delhi. Ref.: - Three Saarc regional centres shut 1. 5-day Training Programme on Koha - Open",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15383949",
"score": "1.0353714",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "on Railways' would be signed later after the Transport Ministers of these countries reviewed them. It was also decided that Pakistan will host the next summit in 2016. The India-Pakistan stand-off on the first day threatened to jeopardize the entire summit process as Pakistan seemed to be in the mood to block every Indian led proposal. But the next day things have changed when the two Prime Ministers met privately at the retreat session which led to Pakistan agreeing one out of three proposed agreements and they also met and shook hands publicly during the closing ceremony and this 'transient",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363194",
"score": "1.031708",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit",
"text": "the Standing Committee at least once a year, and the Programming Committee at least twice a year. They also agreed to make the Programming Committee a Charter body of SAARC. The Leaders welcomed the offer of the Government of Islamic Republic of Pakistan to host the Nineteenth Summit of SAARC in 2016.The summit can not take place in Islamabad.Other Date is uncertain. Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit Declaration of 18th SAARC Summit was made during SAARC Summit 2014 in Nepal.The 18th SAARC summit was held in Kathmandu, Nepal from 26 to 27 November 2014. The state heads of eight SAARC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469479",
"score": "1.0235989",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "South Asian Free Trade Area",
"text": "integrity among the nations. SAFTA was also formed in order to increase the level of trade and economic cooperation among the SAARC nations by reducing the tariff and barriers and also to provide special preference to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs)among the SAARC nations. Following are the instrument involved in SAFTA:- According to the Trade Liberalisation Programme Contracting countries must follow the following tariff reduction schedule. There should be a fall to 20% tariff from the existing tariff by the Non Least Developing Countries and 30% reduction from the existing tariff by the Least Developing Countries. But trade liberalisation scheme",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4660863",
"score": "1.0218236",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "19th SAARC summit",
"text": "Lanka, backing a call for postponing the 19th South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) Summit in Pakistan, said the prevailing environment in the region was not conducive for holding the event. The Maldives which initially refrained from boycotting and instead urged a conductive environment be created for the summit, later boycotted the event condemning international terrorism, especially those originating from outside. Nepal, the current chair of SAARC, urged that \"a conducive environment be created soon to ensure the participation of all member states in the 19th SAARC summit in line with the spirit of the SAARC charter\". It also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469506",
"score": "1.0110348",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry",
"text": "SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry, recognized as a regional apex trade body by South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation is a constellation of the eight national Federation Chambers of Commerce and Industry of the member states of SAARC. The rationale behind creation of SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the SAARC countries was to promote trade and industry in the region and to develop and achieve common objectives in the areas of trade and industry, moreover the SAARC Chamber of Commerce and Industry is also accepted as the voice of the private",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19463313",
"score": "1.0103363",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Lloyd Law College",
"text": "with MILAT in organizing the Mooting. There are two stages of the competition: The Indian Round and the SAARC round. Every year five best teams represent India in the SAARC Round. Apart from India, every SAARC country can select/nominate two teams to represent their country in SAARC rounds. The college since its inception in 2003 is providing conveyance facility to ensure safety, comfort and time management of the day boarding students. It is available from all locations of Delhi and whole of NCR region. Teaching pedagogy includes: For Boys: Various PGs available near the college including Royal Residency Boys Hostel,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15241453",
"score": "1.0082781",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "2006. SAARC maintains permanent diplomatic relations at the United Nations as an observer and has developed links with multilateral entities, including the European Union. <hr color=\"blue\"> The idea of co-operation in South Asia was discussed in at least three conferences: the Asian Relations Conference held in New Delhi on April 1947; the Baguio Conference in the Philippines on May 1950; and the Colombo Powers Conference held in Sri Lanka in April 1954. In the ending years of the 1970s, the seven inner South Asian nations that included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka agreed upon the creation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470092",
"score": "1.006732",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Ahmed Saleem",
"text": "jails. An uprising by convicts in the major jail close to the capital of Malé in 2004, which resulted in the brutal killing of one of the inmates by the police, prompted the anti-government demonstrations, paving the way for the Maldives to turn into a democratic country in 2008. Established in December 1985, SAARC is the regional grouping of eight member states in South Asia. Its primary objective is to promote the welfare of its peoples and to improve their quality of life through regional cooperation. A strong believer of regional cooperation, Saleem took over as the Secretary-General of SAARC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17446765",
"score": "1.0050172",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "18th SAARC summit",
"text": "On 26 May 2014, head of state/head of government of all SAARC nations attended the Swearing-in ceremony of Narendra Modi in New Delhi and the following day they have held high level discussion with the newly appointed Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi which was dubbed as the mini SAARC summit in the media. There it was agreed to revitalize the SAARC initiative and a summit was agreed upon in Nepal at the earliest. Started on November 26, the two-day SAARC Summit was the 18th session of the multilateral organisation. times of India The following heads of state/heads of government of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18363192",
"score": "1.0040733",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "South Asian foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government",
"text": "Simla Agreement where both sides agreed to resolve the Kashmir issue only through bilateral means. Now the two leader will be in Kathmandu, Nepal to attend the 18th SAARC summit scheduled for 26–27 November. But experts anticipate the success of the upcoming summit depending upon how India and Pakistan will manage their differences. Maldivian President was one of the seven SAARC leaders to attend Modi's inauguration in Delhi. Strategically located in the Indian Ocean region Maldives plays critical role in India's maritime security architecture and being part of SAARC bilateral relations with Maldives become important as per the new neighbourhood",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18579062",
"score": "1.0029228",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "South Asia Subregional Economic Cooperation",
"text": "in Maldives and Sri Lanka. This situation could be eased by strengthening cross-border energy networks and trade. Better telecommunications connections would also expand personal and business links, increasing trade at all levels In 1996, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, and Nepal, a subset of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), formed the South Asian Growth Quadrangle (SAGQ) aimed at boosting cooperation in environment, energy and power, trade and investment, transport, and tourism. SAARC endorsed SAGQ in 1997. The initial four member countries then requested ADB assistance to promote economic cooperation in the subregion, leading to the creation of the SASEC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17947415",
"score": "1.0001246",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "19th SAARC summit",
"text": "asked the member countries- \"to ensure that their respective territories are not used by terrorists for cross border terrorism\". Pakistan first postponed the conference to a further date, citing \"Article X\" (General Provisions) of the SAARC Charter that all decisions at all levels shall be taken on the basis of unanimity. However, later after Maldives, sixth of the eight member nations pulled out, Pakistan was forced to cancel the summit altogether. 19th SAARC summit The 19th SAARC summit was a scheduled diplomatic conference, which was originally planned to be held in Islamabad, Pakistan on 15–19 November 2016. The summit was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18469507",
"score": "1.0000554",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Foreign policy of the Narendra Modi government",
"text": "ambitious Maritime Silk Road project to South Asian nations. Pakistan, China's all weather friend, also vouched for a more participatory role for the observer nations in the summit process, indirectly advocating for a more Chinese involvement. Although no such proposal was accepted because of India's reservation. India had earlier advanced three proposal to boost connectivity in the region and those were the 'Regulation of Passenger and Cargo Vehicular Traffic amongst SAARC Member States' for seamless vehicular movement beyond the national borders the 'SAARC Regional Agreement on Railways' for international rail service and the 'SAARC Framework Agreement for Energy Cooperation (Electricity)'",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18109383",
"score": "0.99934876",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "South Asian University",
"text": "SAARC member countries. The \"Inter-governmental Agreement for the Establishment of the South Asian University\" was signed at the 14th SAARC Summit. And the SAARC member states also decided that the University would be established in India. Prof. G.K. Chadha, member of Economic Advisory Council and former vice chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University, was formally appointed the CEO of the project. India provides the majority of funds, around 239.930 million US dollars, for the foundation of the University, which is around 79 percent of the total cost of the full establishment of the University until 2014. The mandate of the South",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14441476",
"score": "0.99534893",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"text": "and bearing in mind the need to fix realistic and achievable targets. The SAFTA Agreement was signed on 6 January 2004 during Twelfth SAARC Summit held in Islamabad, Pakistan. The Agreement entered into force on 1 January 2006, and the Trade Liberalisation Programme commenced from 1 July 2006. Under this agreement, SAARC members will bring their duties down to 20 percent by 2009. Following the Agreement coming into force the SAFTA Ministerial Council (SMC) has been established comprising the Commerce Ministers of the Member States. In 2012 the SAARC exports increased substantially to US$354.6 billion from US$206.7 billion in 2009.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2470105",
"score": "0.99229646",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
}
] |
{
"title": "South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation",
"long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The SAARC member states imposed a stipulation for Afghanistan to hold a general election; the non-partisan elections were held in late 2005. Despite initial reluctance and internal debates, Afghanistan joined SAARC as its eighth member state in April 2007.",
"short_answers": [
"Afghanistan"
]
}
|
describe the three phases of the normal blood clotting process
|
[
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
] |
[
{
"title": "Thromboelastometry",
"text": "time when the clot forms or dissolves. This curve is also called a TEMogram. Four key parameters describe the clotting curve for clinical routine. More than 10 additional calculated parameters, including derivative curves which are useful in specific research applications, e.g. in hemophilia or thrombophilia or for the effects of recombinant FVIIa are available for research purposes. CT (Clotting time): The CT is the latency time from adding the start reagent to blood until the clot starts to form. Prolongation of CT may be a result of coagulation deficiencies, primarily coagulation factors, or heparin (dependent on the test used). A",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13368675",
"score": "0.9332298",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Coagulation",
"text": "Coagulation Coagulation (also known as clotting) is the process by which blood changes from a liquid to a gel, forming a blood clot. It potentially results in hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, followed by repair. The mechanism of coagulation involves activation, adhesion, and aggregation of platelets along with deposition and maturation of fibrin. Disorders of coagulation are disease states which can result in bleeding (hemorrhage or bruising) or obstructive clotting (thrombosis). Coagulation begins almost instantly after an injury to the blood vessel has damaged the endothelium lining the vessel. Exposure of blood to the subendothelial",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1684443",
"score": "0.9264765",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Clotting time",
"text": "Clotting time Clotting time is the time required for a sample of blood to coagulate in vitro under standard conditions. There are various methods for determining the clotting time, the most common being the capillary tube method. It is affected by calcium ion levels and many diseases. Normal value of clotting time is 8 to 15 minutes. For the measurement of clotting time by test tube method, blood is placed in a glass test tube and kept at 37° C. The required time is measured for the blood to clot. There are several other methods, including testing for those on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11994346",
"score": "0.9152826",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Low molecular weight heparin",
"text": "caution in patients undergoing any procedure involving spinal anaesthesia/puncture, in conditions with increased risk of bleeding or in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Coagulation cascade is a normal physiological process which aims at preventing significant blood loss or hemorrhage following vascular injury. Unfortunately, there are times when a blood clot (thrombus) will form when it is not needed. For instance, some high risk conditions such as prolonged immobilization, surgery, or cancer can increase the risk of developing a blood clot which can potentially lead to significant consequences. The coagulation cascade consists of a series of steps in which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2921577",
"score": "0.8961069",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Anticoagulant",
"text": "amount of inhibitor that will inactivate half of a coagulant during the incubation period. It is the standard measure used in the United States, and is so named because it was adopted as a standard at a conference in Bethesda, Maryland. Laboratory instruments, blood transfusion bags, and medical and surgical equipment will get clogged up and become non-operational if blood is allowed to clot. In addition, test tubes used for laboratory blood tests will have chemicals added to stop blood clotting. Apart from heparin, most of these chemicals work by binding calcium ions, preventing the coagulation proteins from using them.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1512628",
"score": "0.8865497",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Dysfibrinogenemia",
"text": "both ends termed D domains and central nodule termed the E domain. The normal process of blood clot formation involves the coordinated operation of two separate pathways that feed into a final common pathway: 1) primary hemostasis, i.e. the adhesion, activation, and aggregation of circulating blood platelets at sites of vascular injury and 2) secondary hemostasis, i.e. cleavage of the Aα and Bβ chains of fibrinogen by thrombin to form individual fibrin strands plus the respective fibrinopeptides A and B formed from this cleavage. In the final common pathway fibrin is cross-linked by activated clotting factor XIII (termed factor XIIIa)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10660866",
"score": "0.88295496",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Hemostasis",
"text": "the body to stop bleeding and loss of blood. During hemostasis three steps occur in a rapid sequence. Vascular spasm is the first response as the blood vessels constrict to allow less blood to be lost. In the second step, platelet plug formation, platelets stick together to form a temporary seal to cover the break in the vessel wall. The third and last step is called coagulation or blood clotting. Coagulation reinforces the platelet plug with fibrin threads that act as a \"molecular glue\". Platelets are a large factor in the hemostatic process. They allow for the creation of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2743864",
"score": "0.8808169",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Blood",
"text": "blood clotting in a transparent container. When blood is drawn in a glass container and left undisturbed for about an hour, four different layers can be seen. A dark clot forms at the bottom (the \"black bile\"). Above the clot is a layer of red blood cells (the \"blood\"). Above this is a whitish layer of white blood cells (the \"phlegm\"). The top layer is clear yellow serum (the \"yellow bile\"). The ABO blood group system was discovered in the year 1900 by Karl Landsteiner. Jan Janský is credited with the first classification of blood into the four types (A,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47152",
"score": "0.87767744",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "K-Casein",
"text": "milk-clotting process consists of three main phases: Each step follows a different kinetic pattern, the limiting step in milk-clotting being the degradation rate of κ-casein. The kinetic pattern of the second step of the milk-clotting process is influenced by the cooperative nature of micellar flocculation, whereas the rheological properties of the gel formed depend on the type of action of the proteases, the type of milk, and the patterns of casein proteolysis. The overall process is influenced by several different factors, such as pH or temperature. The conventional way of quantifying a given milk-clotting enzyme employs milk as the substrate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11655427",
"score": "0.87567663",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Hemostasis",
"text": "Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Fibrinolysis",
"text": "Fibrinolysis Fibrinolysis is a process that prevents blood clots from growing and becoming problematic. This process has two types: primary fibrinolysis and secondary fibrinolysis. The primary type is a normal body process, whereas secondary fibrinolysis is the breakdown of clots due to a medicine, a medical disorder, or some other cause. In fibrinolysis, a fibrin clot, the product of coagulation, is broken down. Its main enzyme plasmin cuts the fibrin mesh at various places, leading to the production of circulating fragments that are cleared by other proteases or by the kidney and liver. Plasmin is produced in an inactive form,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1812011",
"score": "0.87539804",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Thrombosis",
"text": "Thrombosis Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις \"thrómbōsis\" \"clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot, or a piece of the clot, that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as an embolus. Thrombosis may occur in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1543189",
"score": "0.8702775",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Thrombin time",
"text": "time compares the rate of clot formation to that of a sample of normal pooled plasma. Thrombin is added to the samples of plasma. If the time it takes for the plasma to clot is prolonged, a quantitative (fibrinogen deficiency) or qualitative (dysfunctional fibrinogen) defect is present. In blood samples containing heparin, a substance derived from snake venom called batroxobin (formerly reptilase) is used instead of thrombin. Batroxobin has a similar action to thrombin but unlike thrombin it is not inhibited by heparin. Normal values for thrombin time are 12 to 14 seconds. If batroxobin is used, the time should",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8690384",
"score": "0.85284585",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Thrombosis",
"text": "the risk of recurrence or progression. Thrombosis Thrombosis (from Ancient Greek θρόμβωσις \"thrómbōsis\" \"clotting”) is the formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel, obstructing the flow of blood through the circulatory system. When a blood vessel (a vein or an artery) is injured, the body uses platelets (thrombocytes) and fibrin to form a blood clot to prevent blood loss. Even when a blood vessel is not injured, blood clots may form in the body under certain conditions. A clot, or a piece of the clot, that breaks free and begins to travel around the body is known as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1543212",
"score": "0.8506105",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Developmental Haemostasis",
"text": "Developmental Haemostasis The haemostatic (blood clotting) system involves the interaction of proteins in the blood, the blood vessel wall and the flow of blood to control bleeding and blood clotting. Developmental Haemostasis is a term that represents the maturation of the haemostatic system from birth to adulthood. There are differences in the concentration, structure and activity of many proteins involved in blood clotting. These changes play an important role in physiological development and are important in providing appropriate diagnosis and treatment of bleeding and clotting disorders (e.g. thrombosis). The age-specific differences in the blood clotting system may contribute to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18208969",
"score": "0.8476678",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Thrombolysis",
"text": "Thrombolysis Thrombolysis is the breakdown (lysis) of blood clots formed in blood vessels, using medication. It is used in ST elevation myocardial infarction, stroke, and very large pulmonary embolisms. The main complication is bleeding (which can be dangerous), and in some situations thrombolysis may therefore be unsuitable. Thrombolysis can also play an important part in reperfusion therapy that deals specifically with blocked arteries. Diseases where thrombolysis is used: Apart from streptokinase, all thrombolytic drugs are administered together with heparin (unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin), usually for 24 to 48 hours. Thrombolysis is usually intravenous. It may also be used",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2707699",
"score": "0.8459562",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "William Astbury",
"text": "unreliable plumbing that sometimes led to flooding. To add to his woes, the Medical Research Council rejected his application for funding. Despite these set-backs, two important developments took place in Astbury’s new department. The first was the elucidation of the mechanism by which thrombin acts as a protease to catalyse the formation of the major component of blood clots, the insoluble protein fibrin, from its soluble precursor fibrinogen by Laszlo Lorand, a young PhD student who had fled his native Hungary to join Astbury. Lorand’s work was a major discovery in our understanding of the process by which blood clots",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6217924",
"score": "0.8414361",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Coagulation",
"text": "of Vitamin K may also contribute to bleeding disorders because clotting factor maturation depends on Vitamin K. Thrombosis is the pathological development of blood clots. These clots may break free and become mobile, forming an embolus or grow to such a size that occludes the vessel in which it developed. An embolism is said to occur when the thrombus (blood clot) becomes a mobile embolus and migrates to another part of the body, interfering with blood circulation and hence impairing organ function downstream of the occlusion. This causes ischemia and often leads to ischemic necrosis of tissue. Most cases of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1684466",
"score": "0.8388127",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Restenosis",
"text": "and respond by mounting an immune system response which leads to further narrowing near or inside the stent. Damage to the blood vessel wall by angioplasty triggers physiological response that can be divided into two stages. The first stage that occurs immediately after tissue trauma, is thrombosis. A blood clot forms at the site of damage and further hinders blood flow. This is accompanied by an inflammatory immune response. The second stage tends to occur 3–6 months after surgery and is the result of proliferation of cells in the media, a smooth muscle wall in the vessel. This is also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3194798",
"score": "0.8316596",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Antihemorrhagic",
"text": "formation of a blood clot when it comes into contact with blood. Unlike the hemostatic clamp, no mechanical action is involved. The surgeon presses the MCH against a bleeding site, and the collagen attracts and helps with the clotting process to eventually stop bleeding. The practical application for MCH is different from that of the hemostatic clamp. Chitosan hemostats are topical agents composed of chitosan and its salts. Chitosan bonds with platelets and red blood cells to form a gel-like clot which seals a bleeding vessel. Unlike other hemostat technologies its action does not require the normal hemostatic pathway and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5368800",
"score": "0.8297159",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Blood management",
"text": "collection of a selected calculated volume of autologous blood in collection bags prior to the start of surgery with the simultaneous replacement of an equal volume of asanguinous fluid. Since the patient's blood is now diluted, blood lost during the surgical procedure, i.e. by hemorrhage, contains smaller amounts of red blood cells. The collected autologous blood product, which contains red blood cells, platelets and coagulation factors, is reinfused at the end of the surgery. When all of these therapies are combined, blood loss is greatly reduced which correspondingly reduces or averts the potential for allogeneic blood transfusion. Additional details on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12950190",
"score": "0.8293734",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Bleeding",
"text": "orifice, such as the rectum, nose, or ears may signal internal bleeding, but cannot be relied upon. Bleeding from a medical procedure also falls into this category. \"Medical bleeding\" denotes hemorrhage as a result of an underlying medical condition (i.e. causes of bleeding that are not directly due to trauma). Blood can escape from blood vessels as a result of 3 basic patterns of injury: The underlying scientific basis for blood clotting and hemostasis is discussed in detail in the articles, coagulation, hemostasis and related articles. The discussion here is limited to the common practical aspects of blood clot formation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1301224",
"score": "0.82763636",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Thrombin time",
"text": "not be over- or under-filled in order to ensure the correct anticoagulant-to-blood ratio: one part anticoagulant per nine parts blood. The reference ranges of the thrombin clotting time is generally <22 seconds, and from 14 to 16 seconds. Laboratories usually calculate their own ranges, based on the method used and the results obtained from healthy individuals from the local population. Separate ranges are used for infants. Blood samples that are more than eight hours old can give inaccurate results when tested. Thrombin time The thrombin time (TT), also known as the thrombin clotting time (TCT) is a blood test that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8690386",
"score": "0.8244597",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Thrombosis prevention",
"text": "the formation of blood clots in people who are at high risk for their development. Treating blood clots that have already formed is managed by the use of anti-hemolytic (\"clot busters\"). The list below describes some of the more common medications used to prevent blood clots. Note that generally that since blood clotting is inhibited, a side effect typically is bleeding, though it can be reversed by administering a medication that stops the bleeding or by discontinuation of the medication itself. Anti-coagulant administration is often given before the start of the operation. There are concerns with the potential of increased",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19330376",
"score": "0.8224498",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Hemostasis",
"text": "Hemostasis Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2743862",
"score": "0.8221281",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Agglutination (biology)",
"text": "Agglutination (biology) Agglutination is the clumping of particles. The word \"agglutination\" comes from the Latin \"agglutinare\" (glueing to). Agglutination is the process that occurs if an antigen is mixed with its corresponding antibody called isoagglutinin. This term is commonly used in blood grouping . This occurs in biology in three main examples: Hemagglutination is the process by which red blood cells agglutinate, meaning clump or clog. The agglutin involved in hemagglutination is called hemagglutinin. In cross-matching, donor red blood cells and recipient's serum or plasma are incubated together. If agglutination occurs, this indicates that the donor and recipient blood types",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6260448",
"score": "0.8204403",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Fibrinogen",
"text": "may occur as a result of trauma, certain phases of disseminated intravascular coagulation, and sepsis. It may also occur as a result of hemodilution as a result of blood losses and/or transfusions with packed red blood cells or other fibrinogen-poor whole blood replacements. Clinical analyses of the fibrinogen disorders typically measure blood clotting using the following successive steps: Higher levels are, amongst others, associated with cardiovascular disease (>3.43 g/L). It may be elevated in any form of inflammation, as it is an acute-phase protein; for example, it is especially apparent in human gingival tissue during the initial phase of periodontal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1797341",
"score": "0.8182929",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Plateletpheresis",
"text": "Plateletpheresis Plateletpheresis (more accurately called thrombocytapheresis or thrombapheresis, though these names are rarely used) is the process of collecting thrombocytes, more commonly called platelets, a component of blood involved in blood clotting. The term specifically refers to the method of collecting the platelets, which is performed by a device used in blood donation that separates the platelets and returns other portions of the blood to the donor. Platelet transfusion can be a life-saving procedure in preventing or treating serious complications from bleeding and hemorrhage in patients who have disorders manifesting as thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or platelet dysfunction. This process",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4577351",
"score": "0.8159697",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Disseminated intravascular coagulation",
"text": "thrombin that converts fibrinogen to fibrin; the stable fibrin clot being the final product of hemostasis. The fibrinolytic system then functions to break down fibrinogen and fibrin. Activation of the fibrinolytic system generates plasmin (in the presence of thrombin), which is responsible for the lysis of fibrin clots. The breakdown of fibrinogen and fibrin results in polypeptides called fibrin degradation products (FDPs) or fibrin split products (FSPs). In a state of homeostasis, the presence of plasmin is critical, as it is the central proteolytic enzyme of coagulation and is also necessary for the breakdown of clots, or fibrinolysis. In DIC,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1794955",
"score": "0.8150247",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Albert Dastre",
"text": "of blood. In 1893, he introduced the term \"fibrinolysis\", to define a process involving the spontaneous dissolution of blood clots. Among his written works was a philosophic and scientific treatise on life and death titled \"La Vie et la Mort\". In 1878-79, he edited and published \"Leçons sur les Phénomènes de la vie communs aux animaux et aux végétaux\", a work composed by his former mentor, Claude Bernard. With his colleague Jean-Pierre Morat (1846–1920), the \"Dastre-Morat Law\" is derived, a dictum which states that \"constriction of the body's surface blood vessels is usually accompanied by dilation of vessels of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11303646",
"score": "0.8139184",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
}
] |
{
"title": "Hemostasis",
"long_answer": "Hemostasis or haemostasis is a process which causes bleeding to stop, meaning to keep blood within a damaged blood vessel (the opposite of hemostasis is hemorrhage). It is the first stage of wound healing. This involves coagulation, blood changing from a liquid to a gel. Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Intact blood vessels are central to moderating blood's tendency to form clots. The endothelial cells of intact vessels prevent blood clotting with a heparin-like molecule and thrombomodulin and prevent platelet aggregation with nitric oxide and prostacyclin. When endothelial injury occurs, the endothelial cells stop secretion of coagulation and aggregation inhibitors and instead secrete von Willebrand factor which initiate the maintenance of hemostasis after injury. Hemostasis has three major steps: 1) vasoconstriction, 2) temporary blockage of a break by a platelet plug, and 3) blood coagulation, or formation of a fibrin clot. These processes seal the hole until tissues are repaired.",
"short_answers": [
"blood coagulation",
"vasoconstriction,"
]
}
|
when was united nations convention on the rights of the child created
|
[
"20 November 1989"
] |
[
{
"title": "Celebrity privacy",
"text": "of their daughter Coco to the press, which prevented them from being chased by paparazzi. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) was permitted in 1989 as human rights started to gain more attention globally. This treaty deals with the most fundamental issue between children and the media, such as free expression, non-discrimination and respect. Article 16, in particular, set that children have the right to protect themselves when encountering illegal interference of privacy or attacks on reputation. All the UN countries, except U.S and Somalia, approved and sighed this treaty. Seong Hong argues that in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20972357",
"score": "1.1876454",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "third, the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a Communications Procedure, which would allow children or their representatives to file individual complaints for violation of the rights of children, was adopted in December 2011 and opened for signature on 28 February 2012. The protocol currently has 51 signatures and 45 ratifications: it entered into force on 14 April 2014 following the tenth ratification three months beforehand. Convention on the Rights of the Child The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "573275",
"score": "1.1685625",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "Government's implementation of the Children's Convention, it's Optional Protocols and the Government's response to recommendations from the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. The monitoring group comprises members from the Human Rights Commission (New Zealand), UNICEF New Zealand, Action for Children and Youth Aotearoa and Save the Children New Zealand. In May 2007, New Zealand passed the Crimes (Substituted Section 59) Amendment Act 2007, which removed the defence of \"reasonable force\" for the purpose of correction. In its third and final vote, Parliament voted 113 to eight in favour of the legislation. Saudi Arabia ratified the Convention",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "573265",
"score": "1.1592336",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Children's rights movement",
"text": "Geneva, where the Declaration was widely discussed and supported by organisations and governments. The SCIU also pressed the newly formed United Nations in 1946 to adopt the World Child Welfare Charter. This was achieved in 1959, when the United Nations General Assembly adopted an expanded version as the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. Its main provisions are: From the formation of the United Nations to the present day, the Children's Rights Movement has become global in focus. Children around the world still suffer from forced child labor, genital mutilation, military service, and sex trafficking. Several international organizations have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3211627",
"score": "1.152339",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Child poverty in New Zealand",
"text": "are abused and neglected. The resources in the Family Court, and the Department of Child, Youth and Family, are minimal, causing long delays in hearings, investigation, and final cases. New Zealand ratified the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCROC) in 1993 with three reservations which still stand: Article 22.1 regarding the rights children with parents who are not legally allowed in New Zealand; Article 32.2 regarding the minimum age of employment; and Article 37 (c) regarding separate detainment facilities for children. Article 24 of UNCROC, which stems from the right to health, requires states to provide",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17955726",
"score": "1.1512855",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "U.S. ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child The United States has signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC), but is the only United Nations member state that is not a party to it. The UNCRC aims to protect and promote the rights of all children around the world. It was the first international treaty to integrate all human rights in reference to children, allowing them to participate in family, cultural and social aspects of life. It emphasizes the right to survival, development, and protection against abuse, neglect and exploitation. It also addresses",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12753112",
"score": "1.1439804",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "Convention on the Rights of the Child The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (commonly abbreviated as the CRC or UNCRC) is a human rights treaty which sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health and cultural rights of children. The Convention defines a child as any human being under the age of eighteen, unless the age of majority is attained earlier under national legislation. Nations that ratify this convention are bound to it by international law. Compliance is monitored by the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child, which is composed of members from countries",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "573243",
"score": "1.1438524",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Child labor in the Philippines",
"text": "in the new law. This was eventually addressed through P.D. 603 or the Child and Youth Welfare Code, a codification of different provisions for the well-being of all children. After the fall of the Marcos regime in 1986, increasing demands for reforms in government policies, legislation and programs affecting children made the government respond by ratifying the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) on July 26, 1990. The CRC entered into force as an international agreement on September 2, 1990. The convention directs the ratifying countries to “recognize the right of the child to be protected",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16668035",
"score": "1.1394234",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "The Rights of the Child in Iran",
"text": "the treaty. The General Assembly of the League of Nations, of which Iran was a founding member, endorsed the Declaration of the Rights of the Child on 26 November 1924. In 1959 the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of the Child without a vote. Iran signed the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the 5th of September, 1991. The Iranian Majlis ratified the treaty on the 13th of July, 1994. In addition, Iran has signed and ratified the Optional Protocol on the Sale of Children, Child Prostitution and Child Pornography and has signed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19990371",
"score": "1.1341742",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Children's rights movement",
"text": "ombudsman, the first being Norway in 1981. Others include Finland, Sweden, and Ukraine, which was the first country worldwide to install a child in that post in 2005. In 2005, in order to implement the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, national Law for the Integral Protection of Children and Adolescents was enacted. This not only allows for protective measures for children, but also created the groundwork for a juvenile justice system. This system allows for children to be integrated back into society and established tactics to protect children from abuse and exploitation. Australia is a participant to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3211629",
"score": "1.130942",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Declaration of the Rights of the Child",
"text": "Declaration of the Rights of the Child The Declaration of the Rights of the Child, sometimes known as the Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child, is an international document promoting child rights, drafted by Eglantyne Jebb and adopted by the League of Nations in 1924, and adopted in an extended form by the United Nations in 1959. The text of the document, as published by the International Save the Children Union in Geneva on 23 February 1923, is as follows: This text was endorsed by the League of Nations General Assembly on 26 November 1924 as the World",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6199110",
"score": "1.1309032",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Adoption in the Philippines",
"text": "of the Rights of the Child in 1990 and the Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect to Inter-country Adoption drove the Philippines to make R.A. No. 8043. In response to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (September 2, 1990), the 1995 Hague Convention on the Protection of Children and Cooperation in Respect of Inter-country Adoption (January 8, 1996), and Art. 184 of the Family Code, the Senate drafted R.A. No. 8043 which will be the central legal basis for inter-country adoption on June 7, 1995. This was following Senators Osmena and Coseteng's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17733568",
"score": "1.1246481",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Save the Children Australia",
"text": "Nations until they adopted these rights in 1924. They have since formed the basis of the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child (1959) and inspired the current Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990). These rights remain the foundation of Save the Children's vision and values. In the same year, Save the Children began in England, its first Australian branch was opened by Cecilia John in Melbourne, Australia, to assist refugees affected by war in Europe. This was soon followed by branches opening in Queensland in 1920 and South Australia in 1922. Over the next 50",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4487606",
"score": "1.1229085",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "UNICEF Indonesia",
"text": "after the Second World War. In 1953, the UN General Assembly extended UNICEF’s mandate indefinitely and in 1989 it adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which has since become the most widely adopted human rights treaty in history. The CRC now underpins UNICEF’s work around the world, including in Indonesia, and defines children’s rights to protection, education, health care and nutrition, water sanitation and hygiene that enables children to survive and thrive. UNICEF Indonesia objectives for 2010 - 2015 are working with the government and academic research centres and other partners to help shape child-friendly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14712696",
"score": "1.1221236",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "SOS Children's Villages",
"text": "quality standards, and representing the organization in international communications and forumsSOS Children's Villages Governance. The organization follows three international frameworks that serve as guidelines for their work. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) adopted in 1989 is a human rights treaty that sets out the civil, political, economic, social, health, and cultural rights of children . The UN Guidelines for Alternative Care of Children adopted in 2009 provides a framework for governments to acknowledge and deliver alternative care to children in need. And the UN Sustainable Development Goal adopted in 2015 and valid until 2030",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3013449",
"score": "1.1215554",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "UNICEF Philippines",
"text": "General Assembly extended UNICEF’s mandate. and in 1989 it adopted the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), which has since become the most widely adopted human rights treaty in history. The CRC now underpins UNICEF’s work around the world, including in the Philippines, and defines children’s rights. UNICEF works to provide a safe and protective environment for vulnerable children, including victims of abuse, exploitation and violence. UNICEF develops and strengthens child protection networks at the community, local and national levels. The organization also supports the establishment of Child Protection Units and specialized courts to help victims of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14316202",
"score": "1.1178745",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "UNICEF East Asia and Pacific Regional Office",
"text": "the Pacific have ratified the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, a comprehensive human rights treaty which requires State Parties to make the world safer, healthier and more respectful of children's rights. The Convention sets out universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children across the globe, and ensures that the specific rights outlined in the body of the Convention have the status of international law. UNICEF, as the UN body responsible for children's rights under the Convention, is required to promote its effective implementation and to encourage international cooperation in support of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15960372",
"score": "1.1156573",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Save the Children",
"text": "the atrocities of World War II, the United Nations adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. However, many felt the rights of children needed to be addressed in further detail with a separate document. In November 1959, the UN General Assembly altered Jebb's initial criteria in order to produce the Declaration of the Rights of the Child. This consisted of ten non-binding principles for states to follow in order to work in the best interests of the child. However, this 1959 declaration was not legally binding and was only a statement of general principles and intent. In 1989,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2545122",
"score": "1.1150719",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Children's rights",
"text": "on Human Rights.\" The NGO Group for the Convention on the Rights of the Child is a coalition of international non-governmental organisations originally formed in 1983 to facilitate the implementation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Many countries around the world have children's rights ombudspeople or children's commissioners whose official, governmental duty is to represent the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints reported by individual citizens regarding children's rights. Children's ombudspeople can also work for a corporation, a newspaper, an NGO, or even for the general public. The United States has signed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3225882",
"score": "1.1147935",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Children's rights",
"text": "Jebb in 1923, endorsed by the League of Nations in 1924 and reaffirmed in 1934. A slightly expanded version was adopted by the United Nations in 1946, followed by a much expanded version adopted by the General Assembly in 1959. It later served as the basis for the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The United Nations adopted the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) in 1966. The ICCPR is a multilateral international covenant that has been ratified or acceded to by nearly all nations on Earth. Nations which have become state-parties to the Covenant are required",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3225875",
"score": "1.1147149",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "The Rights of the Child in Iran",
"text": "The Rights of the Child in Iran The Islamic Republic of Iran signed the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1991, and ratified it in 1994. Upon ratification, Iran made the following reservation: \"If the text of the Convention is or becomes incompatible with the domestic laws and Islamic standards at any time or in any case, the Government of the Islamic Republic shall not abide by it.\" Although Iran is bound by the Convention under international law, international human rights organisations and foreign governments have routinely criticized it for failing to uphold its obligations under",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19990370",
"score": "1.1136861",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "UNICEF UK",
"text": "helps to ensure that vaccines for children reach their destination in perfect condition, to a midwife kit which helps to safely deliver over 50 babies. The 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child is a comprehensive human rights treaty which enshrines specific children’s rights in international law. These rights define universal principles and standards for the status and treatment of children worldwide. The Convention spells out a specific role for UNICEF, in its capacity as the UN body responsible for the rights of children. UNICEF is required to promote the effective implementation of the Convention and to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12751763",
"score": "1.1090298",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Child Rights Act in Nigeria",
"text": "the responsibilities of government agencies associated with the law and to integrate children-focused legislation into one comprehensive law. It also acts as a legislation against Human trafficking since it forbids children from being \"separated from ... parents against their will, except where it is in the best interests of the child,\". Nigeria signed on to the International Human Rights convention agreement on the rights of child. It was officially passed into law in 2003 by Former President Chief Olusegun Obansanjo as the Children’s Rights Act 2003 (CRA). The Children’s Rights Act 2003 (CRA) was created to serve as a legal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20283885",
"score": "1.1037662",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Philip Alston",
"text": "for several years after the Convention's adoption in 1989, especially in relation to promoting the ratification of the Convention by countries around the world. He published two studies for UNICEF on children's rights. The first was \"The Best Interests of the Child: Reconciling Culture and Human Rights\" (1994), and the second, with John Tobin, was \"Laying the Foundations for Children's Rights\", published in 2005 by UNICEF. From August 2004 – July 2010 he was the United Nations Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions. In that capacity he reported to the UN Human Rights Council and the General Assembly.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10185731",
"score": "1.0982163",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"text": "national children's strategy. In 2006, following concerns expressed by the committee that the wording of the Irish Constitution does not allow the State to intervene in cases of abuse other than in very exceptional cases, the Irish government undertook to amend the constitution to make a more explicit commitment to children's rights. Israel ratified the Convention in 1991. In 2010, UNICEF criticized Israel for its failure to create a government-appointed commission on children's rights or to adopt a national children's rights strategy or program in order to implement various Israeli laws addressing children's rights. The report criticizes Israel for holding",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "573261",
"score": "1.0966612",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Human rights in Africa",
"text": "of the Child (ACRWC) was created. It also serves as the major legal instrument within the African human rights system that clarifies the rights and privileges that African nations must guarantee to their children. Other concerns that African states want the charter to address include issues confronting children living under apartheid, child marriage, female genital mutilation (FGM), internal conflicts and displacement, rights of children whose mothers have been incarcerated, unsanitary living conditions, and the role of the family in adoption and fostering. According to the \"Paris Principles and Guidelines on Children Associated with Armed Forces or Armed Groups\", a child",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6467974",
"score": "1.0957816",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Global Movement for Children",
"text": "united movement. The objectives of the GMC are to: The children's rights movement has existed since the early years of the twentieth century when individuals, public institutions and NGOs began to unite their efforts to improve the fate of children around the world. In recent years the movement has seen a dramatic growth and gained greater coherence with the drafting and entry into force of the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) passed on the 30th anniversary of the ‘Declaration of the Rights of the Child’. Events following the adoption of the convention enhanced the significance of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14495971",
"score": "1.0941195",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Geraldine Van Bueren",
"text": "drafters of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, the most widely ratified human rights treaty. Her book, \"The International Law on the Rights of the Child\" has been widely cited by courts around the world. The Council of Europe published her book, \"Child Rights in Europe — Convergence and Divergence in Judicial Protection\", which has also been published in French. She is an advisor to the René Cassin Foundation, a Jewish human rights organisation. She is working with UNESCO on a project about how law can be used to combat poverty. In 2003 she was awarded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12526589",
"score": "1.0911129",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child",
"text": "of children in that state. Original material used for this section referenced the following sites: African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (also called the ACRWC or Children's Charter) was adopted by the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) in 1990 (in 2001, the OAU legally became the African Union) and was entered into force in 1999. Like the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Children's Charter is a comprehensive instrument that sets out rights and defines universal principles and norms for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5223916",
"score": "1.0908505",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
}
] |
{
"title": "Convention on the Rights of the Child",
"long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The UN General Assembly adopted the Convention and opened it for signature on 20 November 1989 (the 30th anniversary of its Declaration of the Rights of the Child). It came into force on 2 September 1990, after it was ratified by the required number of nations. Currently, 196 countries are party to it, including every member of the United Nations except the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"20 November 1989"
]
}
|
when did we decide to leave the eu
|
[
"23 June 2016"
] |
[
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "terms of leaving the EU; Verhofstadt referred to the letter as \"blackmail\" with regard to the point on security and terrorism, and EU Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker said the UK's decision to quit the block was a \"choice they will regret one day\". On 29 April 2017, immediately after the first round of French presidential elections, the EU27 heads of state accepted negotiating guidelines prepared by Tusk. The guidelines take the view that Article 50 permits a two-phased negotiation, in which the UK first agrees to a financial commitment and to lifelong benefits for EU citizens in Britain, and then",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807590",
"score": "0.9849564",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "less than a year later, in which she lost her overall majority. Her minority government is supported in key votes by the Democratic Unionist Party. On 29 March 2017, the Government of the United Kingdom invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union. The UK is due to leave the EU on 29 March 2019 at 11 p.m. UK time, when the period for negotiating a withdrawal agreement will end unless an extension is agreed. May announced the government's intention not to seek permanent membership of the European single market or the EU customs union after leaving the EU",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807557",
"score": "0.9550847",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "History of the United Kingdom",
"text": "country leaving the EU with 51.9% of voters wanting to leave. After the result was declared, Cameron announced that he would resign by October. In the event, he stood down on 13 July, with Theresa May becoming Prime Minister. The UK remains a member of the EU for the time being, but invoked Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty on 29 March 2017. This started negotiations on a withdrawal agreement that will last no more than two years (unless the Council and the UK agree to extend the negotiation period), before an exit from the European Union on 29 March",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "432823",
"score": "0.9523078",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Visa requirements for British citizens",
"text": "leave the EU to the European Council through Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty. After notifying the European Council, the UK has two years to negotiate with other member states until it leaves, and British citizens will only then cease to be citizens of the European Union. British citizens will still have the right of freedom of movement until the UK formally leaves 29 March 2019. It has since been decided that citizens of non EU/Schengen countries wishing to travel to EU countries, if they don't need a visa, have to apply online for ETIAS, an American style ESTA visa",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14239363",
"score": "0.946599",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "government on 9 July. According to Thomas Sampson, an economist at the London School of Economics, \"Older and less-educated voters were more likely to vote 'leave'... A majority of white voters wanted to leave, but only 33 per cent of Asian voters and 27 per cent of black voters chose leave. There was no gender split in the vote, with 52 per cent of both men and women voting to leave. Leaving the European Union received support from across the political spectrum... Voting to leave the European Union was strongly associated with holding socially conservative political beliefs, opposing cosmopolitanism, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807576",
"score": "0.9459566",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "2016, the Institute for Fiscal Studies said that an EU exit could mean two more years of austerity cuts as the government would have to make up for an estimated loss of £20 billion to £40 billion of tax revenue. The head of the IFS, Paul Johnson said that the UK \"could perfectly reasonably decide that we are willing to pay a bit of a price for leaving the EU and regaining some sovereignty and control over immigration and so on. That there would be some price though, I think is now almost beyond doubt.\" A poll of lawyers conducted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16925496",
"score": "0.9450103",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "immigration, thus reducing pressure on public services, housing and jobs; save billions of pounds in EU membership fees; allow the UK to make its own trade deals; and free the UK from EU regulations and bureaucracy that they saw as needless and costly. Those who wanted to remain argued that leaving the EU would risk the UK's prosperity; diminish its influence over world affairs; jeopardise national security by reducing access to common European criminal databases and result in trade barriers between the UK and the EU. In particular, they argued that it would lead to job losses, delays in investment",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16925467",
"score": "0.9389154",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Issues in the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016",
"text": "be \"somewhat harmful\" or \"very harmful\" for UK science, with 9% saying it would be \"somewhat beneficial\" or \"very beneficial\". Asked, \"Should the UK exit the EU or remain?\" 83% chose \"remain\" and 12% \"exit\". On 9 June 2015, Angus Dalgleish, a professor at St George's, University of London, argued that leaving the EU would not damage UK's science as European collaboration in science, such as CERN and European Space Agency, had existed long before the Lisbon treaty was ratified, adding that it was a myth to think that if Britain left the EU, Britain would not be part of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19450671",
"score": "0.9248286",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Leave.EU",
"text": "Leave.EU Leave.EU was a political campaign group that supported the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union in the June 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. Founded in July 2015 as The Know, the campaign was relaunched in September of that year with it name changed to \"Leave.eu\". to reflect altered wording in the referendum question. The following month, the campaign announced it had registered the support of over 270,000 people, including over 1,000 local councillors from all major political parties. The campaign, along with rival organisation Vote Leave, aimed to be formally designated as the lead campaign for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19108467",
"score": "0.9237567",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Economy of the United Kingdom",
"text": "have been beneficial for the UK, despite the proportion of the country's exports going to the EU falling from 54 percent to 47 percent over the past decade. The total value of exports however has increased in the same period from £130 billion (€160 billion) to £240 billion (€275 billion). In June 2016 the UK voted to leave the EU in a national referendum on its membership of the EU. After the activation of Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, the UK is set to leave the EU on Friday 29 March 2019. The future relationship between the UK and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "433042",
"score": "0.9237112",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Aftermath of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016",
"text": "a Home Office document leaked in September 2017, Britain plans to end the free movement of labour immediately after Brexit and introduce restrictions to deter all but highly skilled EU workers. It proposes offering low-skilled workers residency for a maximum of two years and the highly skilled work permits for three to five years. Boris Johnson initially argued that restricting freedom of movement was not one of the main reasons why people have voted Leave, but his position was seen as too lax on the issue by other Conservative Party Leave supporters, which may have contributed to Michael Gove's decision",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19604727",
"score": "0.92287296",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Hug A Brit",
"text": "just before the referendum in April and May 2016. Despite a strong voice in the media, the campaign was not able to turn around the vote, which resulted in an overall decision to leave the EU. While the official Remain and Leave campaigns focused mainly on the economy and migration, Hug A Brit became a significant part of the referendum campaigns by putting positive emotions in the centre. Instead of negative campaigning and scaremongering, the movement focused on personal stories and relationships and was therefore recognised widely as a positive outlier. While Hug A Brit strongly advocated for a Remain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19831247",
"score": "0.9228493",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "official Leave campaign: Leave.EU (supported by most of UKIP, including Nigel Farage), and Vote Leave (supported by Conservative Party Eurosceptics). The Electoral Commission announced on 13 April 2016 that Vote Leave was the official leave campaign. This gave it the right to spend up to £7,000,000, a free mailshot, TV broadcasts and £600,000 in public funds. Leave.EU also had an umbrella group offshoot, the cross-party Grassroots Out. The UK Government's official position was to support the \"Remain\" option. Nevertheless, Cameron announced that Conservative Ministers and MPs were free to campaign in favour of remaining in the EU or leaving it,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16925463",
"score": "0.922698",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "UK businesses to remain, with 8% saying it was not. In April 2016, the International Chamber of Commerce published a survey of 226 businesses from 27 different countries. Of these international businesses, 46% said they would reduce investment in the UK if it left the EU, while 1% said Brexit would increase their investment in the UK. As to whether the UK should leave the EU, 8% thought it should, while 86% wanted the UK to remain. In May 2016, law firm King & Wood Mallesons published a survey of 300 businesses, equally split between France, Spain, Italy, and Germany.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19141062",
"score": "0.91843677",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "South Kesteven",
"text": "Union Referendum Act 2015 where voters were asked to decide on the question “Should the United Kingdom remain a member of the European Union or leave the European Union?” by voting for either “Remain a member of the European Union” or “Leave the European Union”. The result saw a decisive vote to \"Leave the European Union\" by 60% of the electorate on a high turnout of 78%. The result went against the views of the local MP Nick Boles who was in favour of a \"Remain\" vote. The result was declared at Meres Leisure Centre in Grantham early on Friday",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2512646",
"score": "0.91793066",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "supporting remaining in the EU included Conservatives In, Labour in for Britain, #INtogether (Liberal Democrats), Greens for a Better Europe, Scientists for EU, Environmentalists For Europe, Universities for Europe and Another Europe is Possible. The result was announced on the morning of 24 June: 51.89 per cent voted in favour of leaving the European Union, and 48.11 per cent voted in favour of remaining a member of the European Union. Comprehensive results are available from the UK Electoral Commission Referendum Results site. A petition calling for a second referendum attracted more than four million signatures, but was rejected by the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807575",
"score": "0.9168536",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "National Health Service",
"text": "right amount of extra NHS funding in frontline services like A&E capacity”. The plan to exit the European Union will affect physicians from EU countries, about 11% of the physician workforce. Many of these physicians are considering leaving the UK if Brexit happens, as they have doubts that they and their families can live in the country. A survey suggests 60% are considering leaving. Record numbers of EU nationals (17,197 EU staff working in the NHS which include nurses and doctors) left in 2016. The figures, put together by NHS Digital, led to calls to reassure European workers over their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11729911",
"score": "0.91568613",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "was at a 31-year low, having fallen 11% in two trading days, and the FTSE 100 had surrendered £85 billion; however, by 29 June it had recovered all its losses since the markets closed on polling day and the value of the pound had begun to rise. Czech prime minister Bohuslav Sobotka suggested in February 2016 that the Czech Republic would start discussions on leaving the EU if the UK voted for an EU exit. Marine Le Pen, the leader of the French \"Front national\", described the possibility of a Brexit as \"like the fall of the Berlin Wall\" and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16925480",
"score": "0.9153065",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Aftermath of the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016",
"text": "in the West Midlands which saw 59% of voters chose to leave the EU which was closely followed by the East Midlands which saw 58% of voters opting to leave. The East Midlands also saw the two highest local authority votes in the United Kingdom in favour of leaving the EU which was recorded in the Borough of Boston in Lincolnshire in which 75.6% of voters chose to leave which was closely followed by the neighbouring local authority South Holland which saw 73% of voters there opting to leave. Scotland voted 62% to remain in the European Union, with all",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19604750",
"score": "0.91488075",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "and promised to repeal the European Communities Act of 1972 and incorporate existing European Union law into UK domestic law. A new government department, the Department for Exiting the European Union, was created in July 2016. Negotiations with the EU officially started in June 2017, aiming to complete the withdrawal agreement by October 2018. In June 2018, the UK and the EU published a joint progress report outlining agreement on issues including customs, VAT and Euratom. In July 2018, the British Cabinet agreed to the Chequers plan, an outline of proposals by the UK Government. In November 2018, the Draft",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807558",
"score": "0.91457915",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "History of the Constitution of the United Kingdom",
"text": "and \"Leave\" focused on concerns regarding trade and the single market, security, migration and sovereignty. The result of the referendum was in favour of the country leaving the EU with 51.9% of voters wanting to leave. The UK remains a member for the time being, but is expected to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, which would begin negotiations on a withdrawal agreement that will last no more than two years (unless the Council and the UK agree to extend the negotiation period) which will ultimately lead to an exit from the European Union. In October 2016 the prime",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1287383",
"score": "0.912042",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "polled individuals in each of the other European Union member states to gauge opinion on whether they thought the United Kingdom should leave the EU, whether they thought the UK should remain a member or whether they believed it did not matter. All member states said that they wanted the UK to remain a member, except Cyprus, the Czech Republic and Slovenia, with Lithuania being most in favour, at 78% voting for the UK to remain in the EU. Additionally, Ashcroft asked the same group of people whether they would be happy for Britain to remain in the European Union",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19141068",
"score": "0.91114163",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Issues in the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016",
"text": "visit Turkey to give a speech to call for Turkey to join EU in 2016, but he cancelled the speech. On 15 June 2016, Vote Leave, the official Leave campaign, presented its roadmap to lay out what would happen if Britain left the EU. The blueprint suggested that parliament would pass laws: Finance Bill to abolish value-added tax on tampon and household energy bills; Asylum and Immigration Control Bill to end the automatic right of EU citizens to enter Britain; National Health Service (Funding Target) Bill to get an extra 100 million pounds a week; European Union Law (Emergency Provisions)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19450683",
"score": "0.91073513",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Brexit",
"text": "the UK could remain in the European Single Market (ESM) only if the UK accepted its four freedoms of movement: for goods, capital, services, and labour. In October, Prime Minister Theresa May emphasised that ending the jurisdiction of EU law and free movement from Europe were the UK's priorities, along with British and EU companies having maximum freedom to trade in the UK and the ESM. In November 2016, May proposed that Britain and the other EU countries mutually guarantee the residency rights of the 3.3 million EU immigrants in Britain and those of the 1.2 million British citizens living",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17807587",
"score": "0.9107063",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Withdrawal from the European Union",
"text": "of their intention to withdraw during the negotiation period while their country is still a Member of the European Union. However, the President of the European Council said to the European Parliament on 24 October 2017 that “deal, no deal or no Brexit” is up to Britain. Indeed, the prevailing legal opinion among EU law experts and the EU institutions themselves is that a member state intending to leave may change its mind, as an “intention” is not yet a deed and intentions can change before the deed is done. Until the Scottish Government did so in late 2018, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7681294",
"score": "0.9103604",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Leave.EU",
"text": "Leave.EU. They are separate entities with strong data control rules. And vice versa.” Leave.EU Leave.EU was a political campaign group that supported the United Kingdom's withdrawal from the European Union in the June 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum. Founded in July 2015 as The Know, the campaign was relaunched in September of that year with it name changed to \"Leave.eu\". to reflect altered wording in the referendum question. The following month, the campaign announced it had registered the support of over 270,000 people, including over 1,000 local councillors from all major political parties. The campaign, along with rival",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19108476",
"score": "0.9103012",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "member states, Dyson said that the 28-country bloc was not a single market, and argued the fastest growing markets were outside the EU. Engineering company Rolls-Royce wrote to employees to say that it did not want the UK to leave the EU. Surveys of large UK businesses showed a strong majority favoured the UK remaining in the EU. Small and medium-sized UK businesses were more evenly split. Polls of foreign businesses found that around half would be less likely to do business in the UK, while 1% would increase their investment in the UK. Two large car manufacturers, Ford and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16925473",
"score": "0.9096995",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Opinion polling for the United Kingdom European Union membership referendum",
"text": "Asked about the prospect of the UK leaving the EU, 68% said it would adversely affect their businesses and 62% said they would be less likely to do business in the UK. When asked to name ways in which their businesses could benefit from Brexit, a majority of respondents in France, Italy, and Spain said that their countries could benefit as companies move jobs out of the UK. In March 2016, \"Nature\" reported a survey of 907 active science researchers based in the UK. Of these, 78% said exit from the EU would be \"somewhat harmful\" or \"very harmful\" for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19141063",
"score": "0.90942717",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "European Union",
"text": "on its membership of the European Union was held in 2016, with 51.9% of participants voting to leave. The UK formally notified the European Council of its decision to leave on 29 March 2017 initiating the formal withdrawal procedure for leaving the EU, committing the UK to leave the EU on 29 March 2019. The following timeline illustrates the integration that has led to the formation of the present union, in terms of structural development driven by international treaties: , the population of the European Union was about 510.1 million people (6.9% of the world population). In 2015, 5.1 million",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "119526",
"score": "0.9074877",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Brexit",
"long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"chunked_long_answer": "In a referendum on 23 June 2016, 51.9% of the participating UK electorate voted to leave the EU, out of a turnout of 72.2%. On 29 March 2017, the UK government invoked Article 50 of the Treaty on the European Union. The UK is thus due to leave the EU at midnight on 30 March 2019 Central European Time (11 pm on 29 March 2019 GMT).",
"short_answers": [
"23 June 2016"
]
}
|
tallest building in the world of all time
|
[
"Burj Khalifa"
] |
[
{
"title": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
"text": "the time of completion was the highest hotel in the world. It is now the third-highest hotel in the world after the Ritz-Carlton, Hong Kong, which occupies floors 102 to 118 of the International Commerce Centre. On 14 September 2007, the skyscraper was topped out and is , making it the 9th tallest building in the world and the fourth tallest structure in Mainland China. The SWFC opened to the public on 28 August 2008, with its observation deck opening on 30 August. The observation deck offers views from above ground level. The SWFC has been lauded for its design,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2731161",
"score": "1.0666631",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "World Tower",
"text": "World Tower World Tower is a Australian skyscraper located at 91 Liverpool Street, Sydney, New South Wales. The building is the tallest residential building in the city since 2004. Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2004. It was constructed by Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, which is owned by developer Harry Triguboff AO. The architect was Fender Katsalidis Architects and the structural engineer was Connell Mott MacDonald. World Tower was the 2004 Bronze recipient of the Emporis Skyscraper Award, and was briefly Australia's tallest residential building. World Tower consists of 75 above-ground levels, 10 basement levels, 15 lifts and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7859663",
"score": "1.0634637",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat",
"text": "the criteria of highest occupied floor, and home to the world's highest observation deck. Second on the 2008 list was the Almas Tower in Dubai, third was the Minsheng Bank Building in Wuhan which stands at , whilst fourth was The Address Downtown Burj Dubai (). All in all, six of the ten tallest buildings completed in 2008 are located in Asia, three in the Middle East and one in North America. The CTBUH also hosts annual conferences and a World Congress every three to five years. The most recent World Congress was held in Shanghai between 19 and 21",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1643964",
"score": "1.0484711",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"text": "skyscraper was the World Trade Center, which was completed in 1971. The north tower was and the south tall. It surpassed the height of the Empire State Building by . Two years later the Sears Tower was built in Chicago, standing at with 110 floors, surpassing the height of the World Trade Center by . The Petronas Towers rose 10 meters above the Sears Tower, standing at a height of and each having 88 floors. In 2004, the construction of Taipei 101 brought the height of skyscrapers to a new level, standing at with 101 floors. It is taller than",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13570327",
"score": "1.0461781",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "World One",
"text": "of India for height in 2010 and height in 2015, so as of 2018 World One still has approval for height only (approximately 76 floors). There are 2 other towers under this project: The World View is a 82 floor residential tower with a height of 291 metres. The construction of building has begun. The World Crest is a 57 floor residential tower with a height of 223 metres. Construction on the tower began in 2011, and was completed in 2017. World One World One is a supertall residential skyscraper on hold in Mumbai, India. It is located in Lower",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14640438",
"score": "1.045716",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Times Tower",
"text": "documents is not allowed unless the member of staff being visited leaves his ID documents in place of the visitor. Some floors are off limits for non-workers, such as the seventh floor. Times Tower The Times Tower, also known as the New Central Bank Tower, is an office tower in Nairobi, Kenya. At , it is the third tallest building in Kenya after the recently completed Britam Tower and UAP Tower, which have heights of and respectively. With 38 floors, along with a 7-storey banking complex and an 11-split storey car park, it is served by 10 elevators. The building",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8957301",
"score": "1.0427638",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Pirelli Tower",
"text": "historian Hasan-Uddin Khan praised it as \"one of the most elegant tall buildings in the world\" and as one of the \"few tall European buildings [that made] statements that added to the vocabulary of the skyscraper\". The building inspired the Pan Am Building (now MetLife Building) in New York and the National Mutual West Plaza in Auckland. In 1950, Alberto Pirelli, president and owner of the giant Pirelli tyre company, ordered that a skyscraper be built in the area where the corporation's first factory was located in the 19th century. The project was developed by architect Gio Ponti, with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4904001",
"score": "1.0422436",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Eureka Tower",
"text": "When measured either by the height of its roof, or by the height of its highest habitable floor, Eureka Tower was the tallest residential building in the world when completed. It is also currently the building with the most floors available for residential occupancy in the world. The building stands in height, with 91 storeys above ground plus one basement level. It is one of only seven buildings in the world with 90 or more storeys and is the equal 77th tallest building in the world. It is also the second-tallest building in Australia and the tallest building in Melbourne.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2750396",
"score": "1.0408137",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Lotte World Tower",
"text": "Shanghai Tower (located 546 meters high and 118 stories) in Shanghai, China, and the highest in the OECD countries. There are four media stands on the 117th and 118th floors. People can see the scenery of Seoul city with a glass bottom and a telescope. The sky skylight of Seoul Sky is the highest glass floor observatory. Lotte Tower and One World Trade Center have concluded an operation and technical service agreement. In 2016, two Russian and Ukrainian urban explorers, Vadim Makhorov and Vitaly Raskalov from Ontheroofs, illegally climbed the under-construction Lotte World Tower through stairs and Vitaly Raskalov then",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13950174",
"score": "1.0405049",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"text": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Central Plaza (Hong Kong)",
"text": "reinforced concrete building in the world, until it was surpassed by CITIC Plaza, Guangzhou. The building uses a triangular floor plan. On the top of the tower is a four-bar neon clock that indicates the time by displaying different colours for 15-minute periods, blinking at the change of the quarter. An anemometer is installed on the tip of the building's mast, at above sea level. The mast has a height of . It also houses the world's highest church inside a skyscraper, Sky City Church. The land upon which Central Plaza sits was reclaimed from Victoria Harbour in the 1970s.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "88233",
"score": "1.0322804",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "World Tower",
"text": "were shot on the former property of Anthony Hordern & Sons and future site of World Square. World Tower World Tower is a Australian skyscraper located at 91 Liverpool Street, Sydney, New South Wales. The building is the tallest residential building in the city since 2004. Construction began in 2001 and was completed in 2004. It was constructed by Meriton Apartments Pty Ltd, which is owned by developer Harry Triguboff AO. The architect was Fender Katsalidis Architects and the structural engineer was Connell Mott MacDonald. World Tower was the 2004 Bronze recipient of the Emporis Skyscraper Award, and was briefly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7859665",
"score": "1.0308192",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Willis Tower",
"text": "than Toronto's CN Tower. Willis Tower is the eighth-tallest freestanding structure in the world by pinnacle height. At tall, including decorative spires, the Petronas Twin Towers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, laid claim to replacing the Sears Tower as the tallest building in the world in 1998. Not everyone agreed, and in the ensuing controversy, four different categories of \"tallest building\" were created. Of these, Petronas was the tallest in the first category (height to top of architectural elements, meaning spires but not antennas), giving it the title of world's tallest building. Taipei 101 in Taiwan claimed the record in three",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "377309",
"score": "1.0306911",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Times Tower",
"text": "Times Tower The Times Tower, also known as the New Central Bank Tower, is an office tower in Nairobi, Kenya. At , it is the third tallest building in Kenya after the recently completed Britam Tower and UAP Tower, which have heights of and respectively. With 38 floors, along with a 7-storey banking complex and an 11-split storey car park, it is served by 10 elevators. The building is designed to resist earthquakes, and is set on a concrete raft varying in thickness from . The only tenant of the building is the Kenya Revenue Authority, who use it for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8957299",
"score": "1.0304595",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
"text": "; and the highest, on the 100th floor, is high. The skyscraper's roof height is set at , and was at one point the highest roof in the world. Before construction on the roof was completed, the SWFC's total height was scheduled to be so that it would exceed the height of the Taipei 101, but a height limit was imposed, allowing the roof to reach a maximum height of 492 metres. Architect William Pedersen and developer Minoru Mori resisted suggestions to add a spire that would surpass that of Taipei 101 and perhaps One World Trade Center, calling the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2731168",
"score": "1.0302348",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Shanghai World Financial Center",
"text": "and in 2008 it was named by architects as the year's best-completed skyscraper. In 2013, the SWFC was exceeded in height by the adjacent Shanghai Tower, which is China's tallest structure . Together, The Shanghai World Financial Center, The Shanghai Tower and The Jin Mao Tower form the world's first adjacent grouping of three supertall skyscrapers. Designed by American architectural firm Kohn Pedersen Fox, the 101-story tower was originally planned for construction in 1997, but work was temporarily interrupted by the Asian Financial Crisis in the late 1990s, and was later paused to accommodate design changes by the Mori Building",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2731162",
"score": "1.0297232",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Trump International Hotel and Tower (Chicago)",
"text": "York City, which, at , is the tallest residential building in the world. The Trump International Hotel and Tower rises from the building's main entrance on Wabash Avenue to the tip of the architectural spire. Upon its completion in 2009, the building became the seventh-tallest building in the world, behind the Jin Mao Tower in Shanghai, People's Republic of China. On November 17, 2009, however, the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), which composes rankings of the tallest skyscrapers in the world based on various criteria, changed its standard for measuring a building's height. Prior to this change,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3174331",
"score": "1.0291582",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "World One",
"text": "World One World One is a supertall residential skyscraper on hold in Mumbai, India. It is located in Lower Parel, South Mumbai on the site of the defunct Shrinivas Mill. The site also houses two other lower towers: World View and World Crest. World One was being built at an estimated cost of over US$321 million. Construction began in 2011. World One's architect is Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, the structural engineer is Leslie E. Robertson Associates & MEP engineer is Buro Happold Engineers. The whole project i.e. The World Towers consists of three towers. There were two construction civil",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14640433",
"score": "1.026711",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Willis Tower",
"text": "Willis Tower The Willis Tower, built as and still commonly referred to as the Sears Tower, is a 110-story, skyscraper in Chicago, Illinois. At completion in 1973, it surpassed the World Trade Center towers in New York to become the tallest building in the world, a title it held for nearly 25 years; it remained the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere until the completion of a new building at the rebuilt World Trade Center site in 2014. The building is considered a seminal achievement for its designer Fazlur Rahman Khan. The Willis Tower is the second-tallest building in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "377285",
"score": "1.0241252",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Wenzhou World Trade Center",
"text": "Wenzhou World Trade Center Wenzhou World Trade Center () is a 68-floor supertall skyscraper in Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China. Construction of the building began on 9 June 2003 and was completed in 2010 at 333 m (1,093 ft), giving it the title of the 25th-tallest building in the world. It is located in the downtown area of Wenzhou where it stands as the tallest building in the city, the tallest in Zhejiang province and the 18th-tallest in China. The Wenzhou World Trade Center is to be used as office space and a luxury hotel. Original plans called for the Wenzhou World",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9200928",
"score": "1.0204035",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"text": "Khalifa. In this chart, time progresses from right to left. Note the early buildings that lost the title as their spires collapsed. After the construction of the Home Insurance Building in Chicago in the 19th century, the incrementation in the height of skyscrapers began with the construction of the Chrysler Building, followed by the Empire State Building, in New York City. The Chrysler Building was the first building in the world to break the barrier, and the Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. It stands at and has 102 floors. The next tallest",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13570326",
"score": "1.0203437",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Lotte World Tower",
"text": "Lotte World Tower Lotte World Tower () is a 123-floor, supertall skyscraper located in Seoul, South Korea. It opened to the public on April 11, 2017 and is currently the tallest building in South Korea, and is the 5th tallest building in the world. After 13 years of planning and site preparation, the tower gained final approval to start construction by the government in November 2010 and the first groundbreaking activities of piling and frame assembly were observed at the construction site in March. At New Year 2016 the LED-pixels of the facade showed \"2016\". On April 2, 2017, Lotte",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13950170",
"score": "1.0202231",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Contemporary architecture",
"text": "Europe. The tallest building in China as of 2015 is the Shanghai Tower by the U.S. architectural and design firm of Gensler. It is 632-meters (2,073 ft) tall, with 127 floors, making it in 2016 the second-tallest building in the world. It also features the fastest elevators, which reach a speed of 20.5 meters (40 feet) per second or 74 kilometers an hour. Most skyscrapers are designed to express modernity; the most notable exception is the Abraj Al Bait, a complex of seven skyscraper hotels build by the government of Saudi Arabia to house pilgrims coming the holy shrine of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7086798",
"score": "1.0196569",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Manhattan",
"text": "1890 to 1973, the title of world's tallest building resided continually in Manhattan (with a gap between 1901 and 1908, when the title was held by Philadelphia City Hall), with nine different buildings holding the title. The New York World Building on Park Row, was the first to take the title in 1890, standing until 1955, when it was demolished to construct a new ramp to the Brooklyn Bridge. The nearby Park Row Building, with its 29 stories standing high took the title in 1899. The 41-story Singer Building, constructed in 1908 as the headquarters of the eponymous sewing machine",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "561051",
"score": "1.0194379",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Chongqing World Trade Center",
"text": "the world when measured up to the spire and is the fourth tallest building in Western China (since being recently eclipsed by several other towers also in Chongqing). The building is 262 metres tall when not including the spire. Chongqing World Trade Center The Chongqing World Trade Center (WTCC, 重庆世界贸易中心) is a 283.1 metre (929 foot) tall skyscraper located in the Jiefangbei CBD area of Chongqing, China. The building was completed in 2005 after three years of construction beginning in 2002 and topping out in 2004. The building has 60 floors which can all be accessed by 12 elevators. There",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7541827",
"score": "1.017774",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "CN Tower",
"text": "The proposed Chicago Spire was expected to exceed the height of the CN Tower, but its construction was halted early due to financial difficulties amid the Great Recession, and was eventually cancelled in 2010. \"Guinness World Records\" has called the CN Tower \"the world's tallest self-supporting tower\" and \"the world's tallest free-standing tower\". Although Guinness did list this description of the CN Tower under the heading \"tallest building\" at least once, it has also listed it under \"tallest tower\", omitting it from its list of \"tallest buildings.\" In 1996, Guinness changed the tower's classification to \"World's Tallest Building and Freestanding",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "76069",
"score": "1.0173155",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "One World Trade Center",
"text": "One World Trade Center One World Trade Center (also known as One WTC, 1 World Trade Center, 1 WTC, or Freedom Tower) is the main building of the rebuilt World Trade Center complex in Lower Manhattan, New York City. One WTC is the tallest building in the United States, the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere, and the sixth-tallest in the world. The supertall structure has the same name as the North Tower of the original World Trade Center, which was destroyed in the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The new skyscraper stands on the northwest corner of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7730706",
"score": "1.015888",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Torre de Madrid",
"text": "by the 150-metre high South Tower in Brussels. The Tower appeared in numerous Spanish movies released in the 1960s. The tower was conceived to be the tallest concrete building in the world at the time of its completion and until the construction of Torrespaña was the highest building in Madrid. The lead architects also envisioned that the building would harbour 500 stores, spacious galleries, a hotel, and even a cinema. Furthermore, the tower was equipped with twelve elevators of the fastest model of the time, permitting users to travel 3.5 metres per second. The works were finished on October 15,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8484035",
"score": "1.0155288",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "555 California Street",
"text": "2 feet shorter than the 67th tallest building in the USA, 30 Hudson Street in Jersey City, New Jersey at 781 ft (238 m). Some sites round the heights of all four buildings to 780 ft (238 m) making those four buildings tied as the 67th tallest buildings in the country. Completed in 1969, the tower was the tallest building on the West Coast and west of the Mississippi River until the completion of the Transamerica Pyramid in 1972, and the world headquarters of Bank of America until the 1998 merger with NationsBank, when the company moved its headquarters to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2826312",
"score": "1.0151626",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"text": "tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) Warsaw radio mast. Since the completion of the Washington Monument in 1884, the world's tallest building has not usually also been the world's tallest \"structure\". The exceptions are 1930–1954, when the Chrysler Building and then the Empire State building surpassed the Eiffel Tower (to be surpassed in turn by a succession of broadcast masts, starting with the Griffin Television Tower in Oklahoma), and from 2010 with the completion of Burj",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13570325",
"score": "1.0142075",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
}
] |
{
"title": "History of the world's tallest buildings",
"long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Since 2010, Burj Khalifa has been the tallest building by any criteria. It has the highest architectural element, tip and occupied floor, and is indeed the tallest structure of any kind ever built, surpassing the (now destroyed) 646.38 metres (2,120.7 ft) Warsaw Radio Mast.",
"short_answers": [
"Burj Khalifa"
]
}
|
who created separation of powers and checks and balances
|
[
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
] |
[
{
"title": "Mixed government",
"text": "Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Giambattista Vico, Montesquieu, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Immanuel Kant. Apart from his contemporaries, only Montesquieu became widely acknowledged as the author of a concept of separation of powers (although he wrote rather on their \"distribution\"). According to some scholars, for example, Heinrich August Winkler, the notion also influenced the writers of the United States Constitution who based the idea of checks and balances, in part, upon the ancient theory. The constitution of Britain during the Victorian Era with a Parliament composed of the Sovereign (monarchy), a House of Lords (aristocracy) and House of Commons (democracy) is a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4556369",
"score": "1.1312199",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the state have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387974",
"score": "1.1048312",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution",
"text": "powers is associated with a system of checks and balances. During the Age of Enlightenment, philosophers such as Montesquieu advocated the principle in their writings, whereas others, such as Thomas Hobbes, strongly opposed it. Montesquieu was one of the foremost supporters of separating the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary. His writings considerably influenced the opinions of the framers of the United States Constitution. Strict separation of powers did not operate in the United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution. Some U.S. states did not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3298712",
"score": "1.1022308",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution",
"text": "precedents. Many legislators hold the view that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that \"checks and balances\" apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches—for example, in the regulation of attorneys and judges, and the establishment by Congress of rules for the conduct of federal courts, and by state legislatures for state courts. Although in practice these matters are delegated to the Supreme Court,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3298745",
"score": "1.078561",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Checks and Balances (organization)",
"text": "Checks and Balances (organization) Checks and Balances is a group of conservative and libertarian lawyers formed in November 2018. It is composed of members of the conservative-libertarian Federalist Society, which had assisted the Trump administration in selecting appointees for federal courts. Charter members included George Conway, Tom Ridge, Peter D. Keisler, Jonathan H. Adler, Orin S. Kerr, Lori S. Meyer, Paul McNulty, Phillip D. Brady, John B. Bellinger III, Carrie Cordero, Peter Keisler, Marisa C Maleck, Alan Charles Raul and Paul Rosenzweig amongst others.The group was formed to provide a conservative legal voice for when, in its words, \"Trump attacks",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2833311",
"score": "1.0704882",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers in Singapore",
"text": "be transferred out of the State Courts to other departments of the Service by the Legal Service Commission. The separation of powers in Singapore is also enhanced by intra-branch checking mechanisms. Within the executive, the Elected President adds to the overall scheme of checks and balances through his discretionary power to block certain government actions. However, the presence of an override mechanism wielded by Parliament blunts the office's powers. The Presidential Council for Minority Rights also serves as a check on the legislature by reviewing bills to ensure that they do not discriminate against racial and religious minorities. However, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16772556",
"score": "1.0653509",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Powers of the President of the United States",
"text": "from giving any branch of the new government too much power. The separation of powers provides a system of shared power known as \"checks and balances\". For example, the President appoints judges and departmental secretaries, but these appointments must be approved by the Senate. The president can veto bills, or deny them. If he does that, the bill is sent back to Congress. Powers of the President of the United States The powers of the President of the United States include those powers explicitly granted by Article II of the United States Constitution to the President of the United States,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5282115",
"score": "1.0463853",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "also between these two branches. and, obviously, between them and the judiciary branch, which is really independent. A note on the status of separation of power, checks and balances, and balance of power in Norway today. In the original constitution of 1814 the Montesquieu concept was enshrined, and the people at the time had the same skepticism about political parties as the American founding fathers and the revolutionaries in France. Nor did people really want to get rid of the king and the Council of State (privy council). King and council was a known concept that people had lived with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387986",
"score": "1.0434313",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "parties and a general feeling of a lack of representation. For this reason you'll find very little on the topic of separation of powers or checks and balances in the works of Norwegian political sciences today. The development of the British constitution, which is not a codified document, is based on this fusion in the person of the Monarch, who has a formal role to play in the legislature (Parliament, which is where legal and political sovereignty lies, is the Crown-in-Parliament, and is summoned and dissolved by the Sovereign who must give his or her Royal Assent to all Bills",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387990",
"score": "1.0341644",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "union government but also the various state governments in a federal structure. All three branches have \"checks and balances\" over each other to maintain the balance of power and not to exceed the constitutional limits. In Italy the powers are separated, even though the Council of Ministers needs a vote of confidence from both chambers of Parliament, that represents a large number of members (almost 1,000). Like every parliamentary form of government, there is no real separation between Legislature and Executive, rather a \"continuum\" between them due to the confidence link. By the way, the balance is protected by Constitution",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387985",
"score": "1.0281552",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers in Singapore",
"text": "be made to counteract ambition\", while in \"The Federalist No. 48\" (1 February 1788) he explained the need for a system of checks and balances in preserving the separation of powers doctrine: One of the most notable proponents of the conception of separation of powers was Montesquieu in \"The Spirit of the Laws\" (1748). In that work, he observed: The separation of powers brings its merits in just governance. However, where each branch wields more power than it legitimately should, there is room for abuse, leaving the rest of the society open to the potential of being ruled by tyranny",
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{
"title": "Federalist No. 14",
"text": "republic, there will be a system of \"checks and balances\". Madison constructed a government made of three branches: each branch has its specified responsibilities and powers as well as each branch performs \"checks and balances\" on the others. These two aspects make certain that no one group or person within the government obtains too much control or power, thereby invalidating Clinton's concerns. Another point that Clinton brings down is also according to Montesquieu, who says that a republic can only survive if it remains in a small territory. However, after Madison clarifies the difference between democracy and a republic, he",
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"id": "5999237",
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{
"title": "Federalist No. 47",
"text": "separation of powers was instilled in the political system. \"Diversifying the voices heard in government not only helps to prevent one point of view from becoming too strong, but also promotes the affirmative goal of democratizing governmental decision-making\". Madison takes a different angle at separations of powers at this point in the paper and considers them as more a system of \"checks and balances\" as he begins to address the states' constitutions. Madison writes that there was \"Not a single instance in which the several departments of power have been kept absolutely separate and distinct\" when he examined each constitution.",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "6003485",
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{
"title": "Separation of powers in Singapore",
"text": "each branch is able to wield its own power to perform its functions independent of undue influence but yet be restrained from an abuse of its power through checking mechanisms. A system of checks and balances serves to ensure that each power will not be subject to abuse by the controlling body. While the checking mechanisms exercised by each body should be sufficient to prevent abuse of power, they should also not overstep their boundaries and encroach upon the powers that the other branches wield lawfully. In \"The Federalist No. 51\" (6 February 1788), James Madison wrote that \"[a]mbition must",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "16772561",
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},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "included features of many new concepts, including hard-learned historical lessons about the checks and balances of power. Similar concepts were also prominent in the state governments of the United States. As colonies of Great Britain, the founding fathers considered that the American states had suffered an abuse of the broad power of parliamentarism and monarchy. As a remedy, the US Constitution limits the powers of the federal government through various means, in particular, the three branches of the federal government are divided by exercising different functions, and the executive and legislative powers are separated in origin by separate elections and",
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"score": "1.0140467",
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{
"title": "Separation of powers in Singapore",
"text": "Separation of powers in Singapore Separation of powers in Singapore is founded on the concept of constitutionalism, which is itself primarily based upon distrust of power and thus the desirability of limited government. To achieve this, the Constitution of the Republic of Singapore splits the power to govern the country between three branches of government – the legislature, which makes laws; the executive, which executes them; and the judiciary, which enforces them. Each branch, while wielding legitimate power and being protected from external influences, is subjected to a system of checks and balances by the other branches to prevent abuse",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "16772552",
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},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "to the division of responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another. The intent of separation of powers is to prevent the concentration of unchecked power by providing for \"checks\" and \"balances\" to avoid autocracy, over-reaching by one branch over another, and the attending efficiency of governing by one actor without need for negotiation and compromise with any other. The separation of powers model is often imprecisely and metonymically used interchangeably with the \"trias politica\" principle. While the trias politica is a common type of model, there are governments which utilize bipartite,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387966",
"score": "1.0089703",
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{
"title": "Limited government",
"text": "by creating a system of checks and balances through the separation of powers. Articles One, Two, and Three of the Constitution create three separate branches of government, equal in level power, but different in responsibility, that all control the government. In assuming each branch would want to expand its powers, it was necessary that each have the ability to fend off power grabs from other branches. The three branches—legislative, executive, and judicial— compete with each other through certain powers that allow them to “check” the others and “balance” the government. Examples of this include the legislative branch's power to override",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "4199685",
"score": "1.0033159",
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{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "division of its powers, since the power to appoint carries with it the power to revoke. Montesquieu did actually specify that the independence of the judiciary has to be real, and not merely apparent. The judiciary was generally seen as the most important of the three powers, independent and unchecked, while also likely to claim to be the least dangerous one. Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the",
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"id": "387973",
"score": "0.9998159",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Checks and Balances (organization)",
"text": "the Justice Department and the news media.\" Formation of the group was sharply criticized by Federalist Society leader Leonard Leo, saying he found \"the underlying premise of the group rather offensive.\" Organization member Peter Keisler said the group had received an \"overwhelmingly positive response,\" including from Federalist Society members. Checks and Balances (organization) Checks and Balances is a group of conservative and libertarian lawyers formed in November 2018. It is composed of members of the conservative-libertarian Federalist Society, which had assisted the Trump administration in selecting appointees for federal courts. Charter members included George Conway, Tom Ridge, Peter D. Keisler,",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "2833312",
"score": "0.9991019",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "congress and the judiciary. It established the three supreme powers as the legislature, executive, and judicial branches, but also created two other autonomous state organs that have equivalent power, but not equivalent rank. The first is the Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones de Costa Rica (electoral branch) which controls elections and makes unique, unappealable decisions on their outcomes. The second is the office of the Comptroller General (audit branch), an autonomous and independent organ nominally subordinate to the unicameral legislative assembly. All budgets of ministries and municipalities must pass through this agency, including the execution of budget items such as contracting",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "388008",
"score": "0.9978527",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"text": "the most liberal of its time for limiting the powers of its monarch and imposing a rigorous system of separation of powers, is based on three principles (represented in the Schematic overview of Belgian institutions): Trias Politica (horizontal separation of powers): Subsidiarity (vertical separation of powers): Secularism (separation of state and religion): In the aftermath of the 43-day civil war in 1948 (after former President and incumbent candidate Rafael Álgel Calderón Guardia tried to take power through fraud, by not recognising the results of the presidential election that he had lost), the question of which transformational model the Costa Rican",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "388006",
"score": "0.9970165",
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},
{
"title": "U.S. Congress in relation to the president and Supreme Court",
"text": "key to understanding it is balance. The founders went to great lengths to balance institutions against each other––balancing powers among the three branches: Congress, the president, and the Supreme Court; between the House of Representatives and the Senate; between the federal government and the states; among states of different sizes and regions with different interests; between the powers of government and the rights of citizens, as spelled out in the Bill of Rights ... no one part of government dominates the other. The Constitution provides checks and balances among the three branches of the federal government. The authors of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14925721",
"score": "0.98997873",
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},
{
"title": "American philosophy",
"text": "marked by a balance of powers accompanied by a checks and balances system between the three branches of government: a judicial branch, an executive branch led by the President, and a legislative branch composed of a bicameral legislature where the House of Representatives is the lower house and the Senate is the upper house. Although the \"Declaration of Independence\" does contain references to the Creator, the God of Nature, Divine Providence, and the Supreme Judge of the World, the Founding Fathers were not exclusively theistic. Some professed personal concepts of deism, as was characteristic of other European Enlightenment thinkers, such",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13399802",
"score": "0.9893737",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Federal government of the United States",
"text": "the U.S. Constitution is the idea of \"checks and balances\" among the powers and responsibilities of the three branches of American government: the executive, the legislative, and the judiciary. For example, while the legislative branch (Congress) has the power to create law, the executive branch under the president can veto any legislation—an act which, in turn, can be overridden by Congress. The president nominates judges to the nation's highest judiciary authority, the Supreme Court, but those nominees must be approved by Congress. The Supreme Court, in turn, can invalidate unconstitutional laws passed by the Congress. These and other examples are",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1602825",
"score": "0.9892261",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "1989 Tiananmen Square protests",
"text": "the separation of powers model established by the 1982 Constitution and by convention, whereby the President was a symbolic position (figurehead), and the real centres of power of the General Secretary of the Communist Party, the Premier of the State Council and the Chairman of the Central Military Commission were intended to be different people, to prevent the excesses of Mao-style personal rule. However, when President Yang Shangkun asserted his reserve powers with his post of Central Military Commission and openly split with general secretary Zhao Ziyang over the use of force to side with Premier Li Peng and Central",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "553724",
"score": "0.98914075",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Federalist No. 51",
"text": "also see this idea of checks in balances in other countries, prior to the establishment of this system in the United States. This suggests that the idea of political separation of powers and of checks and balances in government that was implemented in the Unites States is a universal concept that is concrete in political theory. The inclusion of this theory in Federalist 51 is merely reiteration of a sentiment that was already present on an international scale. \"The Federalist Papers\", as a foundation text of constitutional interpretation, are commonly cited by American jurists and court systems in general. Of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5999514",
"score": "0.9875821",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution",
"text": "Separation of powers under the United States Constitution Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Charles de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu in \"The Spirit of the Laws\", in which he argued for a constitutional government with three separate branches, each of which would have defined abilities to check the powers of the others. This philosophy heavily influenced the writing of the United States Constitution, according to which the Legislative, Executive, and Judicial branches of the United States government are kept distinct in order to prevent abuse of power. This United States form of separation of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3298711",
"score": "0.976631",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Karl Loewenstein",
"text": "that \"mutually\" control and limit the otherwise potentially expansive sphere of influence of the others. In the modern parliamentary and presidential republics this is traditionally done through \"counterweights\" usually referred to as \"checks and balances\". Loewenstein considers that this last function is the most important in his views about the tripartite division of the political power, because if it didn't exist the other two would automatically \"fall apart\", as even the reach and implications of the national political decisions couldn't be determined or estimated. Karl Loewenstein Karl Loewenstein (November 9, 1891 in Munich – July 10, 1973 in Heidelberg) was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13404032",
"score": "0.97620326",
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}
] |
{
"title": "Separation of powers",
"long_answer": "Checks and balances is the principle that each of the Branches has the power to limit or check the other two and this creates a balance between the three separate powers of the state, this principle induces that the ambitions of one branch prevent that one of the other branches become supreme, and thus be eternally confronting each other and in that process leaving the people free from government abuses. Checks and Balances are designed to maintain the system of separation of powers keeping each branch in its place. This is based on the idea that it is not enough to separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"chunked_long_answer": "separate the powers and guarantee their independence but to give the various branches the constitutional means to defend their own legitimate powers from the encroachments of the other branches. They guarantee that the powers of the State have the same weight (co-equal), that is, to be balanced, so that they can limit each other, avoiding the abuse of state power. the origin of checks and balances, like separation of powers itself, is specifically credited to Montesquieu in the Enlightenment (in The Spirit of the Laws, 1748), under this influence was implemented in 1787 in the Constitution of the United States.",
"short_answers": [
"Montesquieu in the Enlightenment"
]
}
|
when was nepal declared a secular state in bs
|
[
"January 15, 2007"
] |
[
{
"title": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya",
"text": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (SAMV) is a military boarding high school in Nepal, formerly known as Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya (BSAM) or Birendra Military Boarding High School. It was established in 1986 in Sallaghari, Bhaktapur. The majority of the students are from military families. The school boards boys and girls from class 6 to B.Sc. Some of the students of B.Sc. and the girls are day scholars. Branches have been established in the major cities of Nepal (Pokhara, Dharan, Chitwan, Teghari and Surkhet). In 1978, with the joint investment of the Nepali Army (the then royal Nepalese",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9510390",
"score": "1.1097811",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Politics of Nepal",
"text": "army) were stripped of the \"royal\" adjective and the Raj Parishad (a council of the King's advisers) was abolished, with his duties assigned to the Parliament itself. The activities of the King became subject to parliamentary scrutiny and the King's properties were subjected to taxation. Moreover, Nepal was declared a secular state abrogating the previous status of a Hindu Kingdom. However, most of the changes have, as yet, not been implemented. On 19 July 2006, the prime minister, G. P. Koirala, sent a letter to the United Nations announcing the intention of the Nepalese government to hold elections to a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "282519",
"score": "1.1068537",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Christianity in Nepal",
"text": "also proclaimed Nepal a secular state and included guarantees on religious freedom. The 2015 constitution retained the designation of Nepal as a secular state, but defined secularism to include the ‘protection of religion and culture being practiced since ancient times’. It also prohibited ‘disturbing the religion of other people’ and reiterated the ban on proselytism (or literally, ‘causing someone to change religion’ [\"kasaiko dharma parivartan garaunu\"]). In 2017, Nepal's parliament passed an ambiguously-worded law criminalizing ‘hurting the religious sentiment of any caste, ethnic community or class by writing, through voice/talk or by a shape or symbol or in any other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10143606",
"score": "1.0937718",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Nepal",
"text": "introduced in 1951, but was twice suspended by Nepalese monarchs, in 1960 and 2005. The Nepalese Civil War in the 1990s and early 2000s resulted in the proclamation of a secular republic in 2008, ending the world's last Hindu monarchy. The Constitution of Nepal, adopted in 2015, establishes Nepal as a federal secular parliamentary republic divided into seven provinces. Nepal was admitted to the United Nations in 1955, and friendship treaties were signed with India in 1950 and the People's Republic of China in 1960. Nepal hosts the permanent secretariat of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1467878",
"score": "1.0760363",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Nepal Dalit Sangh",
"text": "BS (continuous Amendment on 2069 BS) Nepal Dalit Sangh Nepal Dalit Sangh () is a Nepalese Dalit movement linked to the Nepali Congress. When the Nepali Congress was divided and the Nepali Congress (Democratic) was formed, a splinter Nepal Dalit Sangh (Prajatantrik) was formed as the NC(D) Dalit wing. With the reunification of NC and NC(D) the NDS and NDS(P) were also reunified, and in August 2007 the Nepali Congress appointed a 39-member \"ad hoc\" committee of NDS, with Khadga Bahadur Basyal (Sarki) as president and Jeevan Pariyar as general secretary. Founder of nepal Dalit Sangh are Ratna Bahadur Bishwakarma",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12190428",
"score": "1.068606",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Religion in Nepal",
"text": "Religion in Nepal Nepal is primarily Hindu in religion though it is multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and religiously diverse nation with many religions being practiced here since the ancient times. Nepal is also a secular state and Democratic country according to the constitution of Nepal. The treatment of all religions equally by the state and Freedom of religion is also guaranteed by Nepali constitution. Prior to the movement for democracy in early 2006 and the sacking of King Gyanendra in 2008, the country was officially a Hindu kingdom. Hinduism is the majority religion in the state and profoundly influences its social",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7375199",
"score": "1.064436",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Marshall Julum Shakya",
"text": "various internal elections within the party. He had to face three defeats in the parliamentary elections, defeat in leadership election of Nepal Student Union and incessant defeats in the elections for the central membership of Nepali Congress. He was first to voice for secularism in the government then formed by Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, he wanted to include secularism in the constitution of 2047 BS. His dream for secularism was finally fulfilled by the 2006 democracy movement in Nepal. He is well known for his altruistic form of politics and his sacrifices for the greater good; differing from the current scenario",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17609413",
"score": "1.0637743",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya",
"text": "then, the funding of the school has been looked after by Nepal Army Welfare Fund. BSAM was established in the reign of COAS General Satchit SJB Rana. It is located in the suburb of Bhaktapur district, Sallaghari. Students follow a military lifestyle. After completion of class 12, students find it easy to join the Nepalese Army as Officers. Previously, the school used to conduct entrance examination enroll students at grade 4. Currently, the school begins at grade 6, with a competitive entrance exam for limited seats. The school educates students from grades 6 to 10, following the government curriculum, who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9510392",
"score": "1.0507728",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in Nepal",
"text": "and was a pupil of the current Apostoli Vicar, Nepalese Jesuit Father Anthony Sharma. In May 2006, church leaders welcomed the parliamentary declaration that Nepal is now a \"secular state,\" a change from what had been the only officially Hindu country in the world. The first open air Christian musical program was hosted to celebrate the beginning of religious freedom for the first time in Nepal's history. A convent was inaugurated along with a training center in western Nepal in June 2006, a first for western Nepal. Six Nepalese youths went to World Youth Day 2005 in Cologne, Germany despite",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7589329",
"score": "1.0425259",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"text": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"text": "2,500 madrassahs. Twenty thousand Tibetan Buddhist refugees reside in the country. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom of religion and permits the practice of all religious groups; however, there are some restrictions. The Interim Parliament declared the country a secular state in the Interim Constitution in January 2007. The previous constitution described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. Article 23 of the Interim Constitution protects the rights of all religious groups by guaranteeing the individual the right \"to profess and practice his/her own religion as handed down to him/her from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11661383",
"score": "1.0420661",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Dharma Bhakta Mathema",
"text": "characterized Rana rule. In those days, Juddha Shamsher was the prime minister of Nepal, who ruled with an iron fist. All political parties were banned. Dharma Bhakta met Dashrath Chand in Kathmandu in 1990 BS and in 1936 AD, a political party Praja Parishad was founded in the house of Dharma Bhakta. The founders were Tanka Prasad Acharya, Jiwan Raj Sharma, Ramhari Sharma, Dharma Bhakta and Dashrath Chand. His connection with King Tribhuwan as a physical instructor allowed him to act as a go-between the king and the Praja Parishad. He conveyed every activity of the Praja parishad to the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16170614",
"score": "1.0272188",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Christianity in Nepal",
"text": "subject in Nepal, and Nepali Christians have been subject to sporadic violence and widespread social exclusion. It is frequently claimed in Nepali media and political discourse that missionaries offer the poor material incentives to convert, but research has indicated that most Nepali Christians convert for reasons other than contact with missionaries. Nepal's constitution-writing process of 2006-15, and the 2007 designation of the country as a secular state, intensified controversies surrounding Christianity. The constitution of 2015 re-affirmed secularism but also prohibited proselytism and ‘disturbing the religion of other people’. In 2017, Nepal's parliament passed a bill which prohibited ‘hurting the religious",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10143584",
"score": "1.0234815",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"text": "positive preliminary steps with respect to religious freedom during the period covered by this report, and government policy contributed to the generally free practice of religion. The Interim Parliament, through the Interim Constitution, officially declared the country a secular state in January 2007; however, no laws specifically affecting freedom of religion were changed. Nonetheless, many believed that the declaration made it easier to practice their religion freely. Adherents of the country's many religious groups generally coexisted peacefully and respected places of worship, although there were reports of societal abuses and discrimination based on religious belief or practice. Those who converted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11661381",
"score": "1.0187023",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Freedom of religion by country",
"text": "The Constitution also defines Nepal as a secular state that is neutral toward the religions present in the country. The Constitution also bans actions taken to convert people from one religion to another, as well as acts that disturb the religion of other people. There have been sporadic incidents of violence against the country's Christian minority. In 2009 and 2015, Christian churches were bombed by anti-government Hindu nationalist groups such as the Nepal Defence Army. Pakistan's penal code includes provisions that forbid blasphemy against any religion recognized by the government of Pakistan. Punishments are more severe for blasphemy against Islam:",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9116085",
"score": "1.0182472",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Christianity in Nepal",
"text": "(that is, were baptized), there would be imprisonment of one year. The code stated that ‘when somebody becomes converted, the conversion is nullified, and he remains in the Hindu \"dharma\" [religion]’. From the early 1960s, the state began actively to prosecute Christians where the baptism of Nepali citizens had occurred; this active governmental persecution continued up to 1990. Following baptisms in Nepalgunj and Tansen between 1958 and 1960, pastors David Mukhia and Prem Pradhan, along with six baptised believers, were prosecuted by the authorities for proselytism and conversion. The pastors were sentenced to six years imprisonment; the male converts were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10143604",
"score": "1.0094966",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Kingdom of Nepal",
"text": "unifying the Maoist insurgency and pro-democracy activists. He was eventually forced to restore Nepal's House of Representatives, which in 2007 adopted an interim constitution greatly restricting the powers of the Nepalese monarchy. Following an election held the next year, the Nepalese Constituent Assembly formally abolished the kingdom in its first session on 28 May 2008, declaring the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal in its place. Until the abolition of the monarchy, Nepal was the world's only country to have Hinduism as its state religion; the country is now formally a secular state. The country was expanded from the one of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1396170",
"score": "1.0012587",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "2006 Birgunj unrest",
"text": "2006 Birgunj unrest The 2006 Birganj unrest were several incidents of unrest perpetrated by Hindu groups in the Nepalese city of Birgunj on 22 May 2006 following the announcement by the Parliament of Nepal on 18 May that the country will become a secular state. The declaration lead to widespread unrest by Hindu fundamentalist groups across Nepal - the town of Birgunj was forced to close for two days. Hindu organizations in Nepal viewed the declaration of secular Nepal as \"defamatory\" and \"dangerous\" and told that it could provoke a \"religious crusade\" in the country. The town of Birgunj lies",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11810635",
"score": "0.99472976",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Demographics of Nepal",
"text": "which had been just reformed, having been previously dissolved, declared Nepal a \"secular state\". However, the 2001 census identified 80.6% of the population as Hindu and 10.7% as Buddhist (although many people labeled Hindu or Buddhist often practice a syncretic blend of Hinduism, Buddhism, or animist traditions), 4.2% of the population was Muslim, 3.6% of the population followed the indigenous Kirat Mundhum religion and Christianity was practiced by 0.45% of the population. Buddhist and Hindu shrines and festivals are respected and celebrated by most Nepalese. Certain animist practices of old indigenous religions survive. The Kirati people of eastern Nepal, Limbus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "282506",
"score": "0.99239814",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Nepal Police",
"text": "after the fall of the Rana regime. The Police Headquarters was established in 1952 in Kathmandu. Mr. Toran Shamsher J.B.Rana was appointed the first Inspector General of Police. The Police Act, 2012 BS (1955 AD) came into effect. The Police Regulation, 2015 BS (1959 AD) came into effect. The Parliamentary Government under the multi-party system was adopted for some years which was followed by Panchayat System since 1960. The establishment of the Central Police Training Centre in 1963 A.D. The Peoples democratic movement of 1990 reinstated the multi party democratic system. The new constitution of the kingdom was promulgated on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11339173",
"score": "0.9923215",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Nepal",
"text": "in Kathmandu on 28 May 2008, and, after a polling of 564 constituent Assembly members, 560 voted to form a new government, with the monarchist Rastriya Prajatantra Party, which had four members in the assembly, registering a dissenting note. At that point, it was declared that Nepal had become a secular and inclusive democratic republic, with the government announcing a three-day public holiday from 28–30 May. The king was thereafter given 15 days to vacate Narayanhity Palace so it could reopen as a public museum. Nonetheless, political tensions and consequent power-sharing battles have continued in Nepal. In May 2009, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1467897",
"score": "0.99043465",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Black Day (Nepal)",
"text": "of Nepal (2072 BS), by Madhesi and Tharu people protesting the observance of that day. According to Kathmandu Post report, \"The Madhesi and Tharu communities denied to acknowledge the Constitution of Nepal 2072 promulgated on September 20, 2015, saying that the new charter did not incorporate their rights.\". These claims are, however, based on false interpretations and arw motivates to spur hatred within the broader Nepalese community. In 2017, youths in Tarai Madhes National Council observed Black Day to protest the constitution to give the message that the resistance over the Constitution of Nepal continues. An update issued by THRD",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20397822",
"score": "0.99021363",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Nepal Bhasa Manka Khala",
"text": "Nepal Bhasa Manka Khala Nepāl Bhāsā Mankā Khala (Devanagari: नेपालभाषा मंका: खल:) is an umbrella organization of groups and societies dedicated to the development of Nepal Bhasa and culture in Nepal. It was founded in 1979 by Newar language lovers to fight for linguistic and cultural rights against the repression of the Panchayat regime. After suffering years of suppression under the Rana dynasty, Nepal Bhasa experienced a brief period of freedom following the revolution of 1951 that brought democracy in Nepal. However, in 1960, parliament was abolished and the Panchayat system was established, and language rights were again suppressed. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16843747",
"score": "0.9901068",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Catholic Church in Nepal",
"text": "was raised to an Apostolic Prefecture. The 1990 Nepali constitution did not guarantee religious freedom for Christians, but as of May 2006 Nepal has been declared a secular state. The interim constitution, finalized in 2007, guarantees some religious freedom but prohibits people from trying to convert others. On February 10, 2007, Benedict XVI elevated the prefecture of Nepal to the rank of a vicariate and appointed Anthony Francis Sharma as the first vicar and first Nepalese bishop of the Catholic Church. The history of Catholicism in Nepal begins with its inclusion in the diocese of Funchal, Portugal, and in 1533",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7589324",
"score": "0.9859835",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Christianity in Nepal",
"text": "nationalist sentiment since the declaration of secularism in 2007 has led to increasing calls for tighter restrictions on Christian activity, causing the authorities in recent years to enforce anti-proselytism laws more aggressively. It has been reported that local government and police officials have begun to interpret the constitutional ban on proselytism to include non-coercive evangelism, and have brought a number of legal cases against Christians on this basis. It is probable that the 2017 anti-conversion law will lead to a further increase in prosecutions. There have been sporadic incidents of violence against Christians in Nepal. During the civil war of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10143608",
"score": "0.98194045",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Nepal Bhasa journalism",
"text": "Nepal Bhasa journalism Nepal Bhasa journalism began in 1925 with the publication of the magazine \"Buddha Dharma wa Nepal Bhasa\" (Devanagari: बुद्ध धर्म व नॆपाल भाषा). It was the first magazine to be published in Nepal Bhasa. It was published from Kolkata, India by Dharmaditya Dharmacharya. Dharmacharya (1902-1963) was the first Nepal Bhasa journalist. He was the editor and he also wrote many of the articles in \"Buddha Dharma wo Nepal Bhasa\". It was published from India instead of Nepal as the Rana dynasty disapproved of any attempt to promote either the religion or the language. Originally named \"Buddha Dharma\",",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16214642",
"score": "0.97978544",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"text": "to another religious group at times faced violence and occasionally were ostracized socially but generally did not fear to admit their affiliations in public. But overall, Nepal is viewed as a religiously harmonious place for its state of development. The country has an area of and a population of 28 million. Hinduism is reported to be the religion of 81.34% of the population followed by Buddhism (9.04%), Islam(4.38%), Kirant (an indigenous animist religion),(3.04%), and Christianity (1.41%). There are adherents to many other religious groups, whose proportion is small. According to the chairman of the Madrassah Islamiyah Association, there are almost",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11661382",
"score": "0.97418046",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Religion in Nepal",
"text": "introduced to the country in the 1700s when catholic friars entered the Kathmandu valley. Religious tolerance can be found in royal orders dated Falgun Sudi 12, 1884 V.S. issued by the Hindu Shah monarch Rajendra Bikram Shah under the premiership of Bhimsen Thapa to Buddhist monks in the Kingdom of Nepal: According to the 2011 census, 81.3% of the Nepalese population was Hindu, 9.0% was Buddhist, 4.4% was Muslim, 3.0% was Kiratist (indigenous ethnic religion), 1.4% was Christian, 0.2% was Sikhs, 0.1% was Jains and 0.6% follow other religions or no religion. According to the 2001 census, 80.62% percent of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7375201",
"score": "0.9702408",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Birendra Sainik Awasiya Mahavidyalaya",
"text": "finally take the SLC (School Leaving Certificate) (currently changed as SEE-Secondary Education Examination). After completing grade 10, students can choose between Higher Secondary Education Board's +2 (Intermediate) education programme for Science, Humanities, or Management. They can also choose to study bachelor level after their completion of +2. The institution is controlled administratively by the Nepal Army Headquarters and academically by teachers and professors. The highest officer from the military to administer BSAM it is a Lt. Colonel who acts as a Liaison Officer. Other military staffs are designated several posts in administering the Mahavidyalaya as a whole. Major and Captain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9510393",
"score": "0.9695033",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Religion in Nepal",
"text": "challenged as no such name as Ne exists in Nepali or other Sanskrit-derived languages. It is believed that Lord Vishnu had organized the Nepali people and gave them the flag, with the sun and moon as emblems on it. https://thediplomat.com/2015/11/r-i-p-indias-influence-in-nepal/ Religion in Nepal Nepal is primarily Hindu in religion though it is multi-cultural, multi-ethnic, multi-lingual and religiously diverse nation with many religions being practiced here since the ancient times. Nepal is also a secular state and Democratic country according to the constitution of Nepal. The treatment of all religions equally by the state and Freedom of religion is also guaranteed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7375206",
"score": "0.9691064",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Freedom of religion in Nepal",
"long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Nepal is a secular state under the Interim Constitution, which was promulgated on January 15, 2007. The Interim Constitution provides for freedom to practice one's religion. The Interim Constitution also specifically denies the right to convert another person. The now-defunct constitution of 1990, which was in effect until January 15, 2007, described the country as a \"Hindu Kingdom,\" although it did not establish Hinduism as the state religion. The Government generally did not interfere with the practice of other religious groups, and religious tolerance was broadly observed; however, there were some restrictions.",
"short_answers": [
"January 15, 2007"
]
}
|
who took control of jamestown and made new rules that made everyone work
|
[
"John Smith"
] |
[
{
"title": "John Smith (explorer)",
"text": "the Native Americans and ordered everyone to work or be banished from the fort. The weeks-long emergency was relieved by the arrival of an unexpected ship, captained by Samuel Argall. He had items of food and wine which Smith bought on credit. Argall also brought news that the (South) Virginia Company of London was being reorganized and was sending more supplies and settlers to Jamestown along with a new governor, Lord De la Warr. In a May 1609 voyage to Virginia, Virginia Company treasurer Sir Thomas Smith arranged for about 500 colonists to come along, including women and children. A",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1413139",
"score": "1.0511184",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "some of the oldest in America, for the surviving Powhatan. It also set up tribute payments for the Virginia Indians to be made yearly to the English. That war resulted in a boundary being defined between the Indians and English lands that could only be crossed for official business with a special pass. This situation would last until 1677 and the Treaty of Middle Plantation, which established Indian reservations following Bacon's Rebellion. Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. In the 1670s, the governor was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257872",
"score": "1.0407146",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Anglo-Powhatan Wars",
"text": "Warr managed to establish a company of men at the falls of the James, who stayed there all winter. In February 1611, Wowinchopunk was killed in a skirmish near Jamestown, which his followers revenged a few days later by enticing some colonists out of the fort and killing them. In May 1611, a new governor, Sir Thomas Dale, arrived and soon began looking for places to establish new settlements; he was repulsed by the Nansemonds, but successfully took an island in the James from the Arrohattocs, which became the palisaded 'cittie' of Henricus, despite raids there led by the renegade",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9263549",
"score": "1.0314225",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "George Percy",
"text": "control of the colony to him. In June 1610, Thomas West, 3rd Baron De La Warr arrived in Jamestown and with a commission to serve as the colony's governor. De la Warr appointed Percy to the council and named him captain of the Jamestown fort. In August 1610, De la Warre sent Percy and seventy men to attack the Paspahegh and Chickahominy Indians. The force ravaged the Indians' settlements, burning their buildings, decimating their crops, and indiscriminately killing men, women, and children. Percy also led the successful defence of the Jamestown fort against an Indian attack and earned the praise",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4303761",
"score": "1.0226426",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Jamestown, Rhode Island",
"text": "about 150 residents. It was named for James, Duke of York, who became King James II in 1685. By 1710, many of Conanicut Island's current roads were in place. In 1728, the town of Jamestown built a windmill for grinding corn, which used the sea breeze for power since there was no source of running water to turn a waterwheel. Two hundred British and Hessian troops landed at East Ferry on Conanicut Island on December 10, 1775; they then marched to West Ferry where they burned the ferry house. As they returned to East Ferry, they destroyed many buildings, including",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1219536",
"score": "1.0176699",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Grove, Virginia",
"text": "at the time of encounter with the English. When the English settlers established Jamestown in 1607, the Powhatan Paramount Chiefdom included most Native tribes in the area. There were a few that were unaffiliated. The paramount chief, known as the Powhatan, had created his powerful empire in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. He conquered or affiliated by agreement with approximately 30 tribes whose territory covered much of southeastern Virginia. This was called \"Tenakomakah\". A capital of this confederacy, \"Werowocomoco\", was located near the north bank of the York River in present-day Gloucester County, about as the crow flies",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6188815",
"score": "1.0158734",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "John Ratcliffe (governor)",
"text": "entire body with mussel shells and tossed the pieces into the flame as he watched. They skinned his face last and finally burned him at stake. This story was documented in an eyewitness account that is included in \"The Jamestown Adventure: Accounts of the Virginia Colony, 1605–1614 (Real Voices, Real History)\", edited by Ed Southern. In Disney's \"Pocahontas\" (1995), Ratcliffe was portrayed as a greedy and ruthlessly ambitious man, and the film's main antagonist. His character believes that the Powhatan tribe is very barbaric in nature and have hidden gold near the outskirts of Virginia, and he wants to battle",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5388852",
"score": "1.0153654",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "the colonists during a raid to gain English weaponry. During the next several years, the relationship between the Virginia Indians and the colonists became more strained, never more so than during the period of poor crops for both the natives and colonists which became known as the Starving Time in late 1609 and early 1610. Chief Powhatan relocated his principal capital from Werowocomoco, which was relatively close to Jamestown along the north shore of the York River, to a point more inland and secure along the upper reaches of the Chickahominy River. In April 1613, Pocahontas and her husband, Kocoum",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257838",
"score": "1.0150511",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "History of Virginia",
"text": "and continuing into the spring and early summer, no more ships arrived. The colonists faced what became known as the \"starving time\". When the new governor Sir Thomas Gates, finally arrived at Jamestown on May 23, 1610, along with other survivors of the wreck of the Sea Venture that resulted in Bermuda being added to the territory of Virginia, he discovered over 80% of the 500 colonists had died; many of the survivors were sick. Back in England, the Virginia Company was reorganized under its Second Charter, ratified on May 23, 1609, which gave most leadership authority of the colony",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5459307",
"score": "1.014107",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat",
"text": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "Jamestown being uninhabited, the settlers were attacked less than two weeks after their arrival on May 14, by Paspahegh Indians who succeeded in killing one of the settlers and wounding eleven more. Within a month, James Fort covered an acre on Jamestown Island. By June 15, the settlers finished building the triangular James Fort. The wooden palisaded walls formed a triangle around a storehouse, church, and a number of houses. A week later, Newport sailed back for London on \"Susan Constant\" with a load of pyrite (\"fools' gold\") and other supposedly precious minerals, leaving behind 104 colonists and \"Discovery\". It",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257823",
"score": "1.0136476",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Anglo-Powhatan Wars",
"text": "Smith and the colonists to forsake the swamp and instead live in one of his satellite towns called \"Capahosick\" where they would make metal tools for him in exchange for full provision. However, Smith underestimated the power of the Virginia Indians and what they were capable of, as they knew the land much better than the English. In December 1607, only seven months after building the fort on Jamestown Island, Smith, while reconnoitering the countryside near Orapax, one of Powhatan's capitals, was captured by a communal hunting party led by Opechancanough. Smith much later in life claimed that during his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9263540",
"score": "1.0136292",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Ralph Hamor",
"text": "of the \"Sea Flower\" with 120 new settlers, which included two servants of Hamor's, Thomas Powell and Elkinton Ratliffe, both to work on Hog Island. On Friday, March 22, 1622, Hamor, his older brother Thomas, and six of their male servants were attacked by the Indians as the colonists were building Hamor's new house in Warrosquyoake Shire The colonists drove off their attackers by using bricks, spades, and anything else they could get their hands on. Of the roughly twelve hundred Jamestown residents, 347 were killed that day. Thomas was wounded with an arrow to the back during the attack,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15504821",
"score": "1.0122935",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Edward Maria Wingfield",
"text": "learn that their founding of Jamestown was during the worst seven-year dry spell (1606–1612) in nearly 800 years – which \"\"dried up fresh-water supplies and devastated corn crops\"\". Dr William Kelso and Beverly Straube of Jamestown Rediscovery are convinced that the colony's fate was \"\"beyond the control of either settlers or their London backers\"\". But the settlers were tough. The hardy ones survived that period and won through, establishing, as Dr. James Horn points out, \"\"four fundamental characteristics of British America: representative government, private property, civilian control of the military, and a Protestant church\"\"; along with English language and customs.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5468143",
"score": "1.0098109",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "England several years earlier, which served to greatly improve relations between the Virginia Native Americans and the colonists for several years. However, when she and John Rolfe took their young son Thomas Rolfe on a public relations trip to England to help raise more investment money for the Virginia Company, she became ill and died just as they were leaving to return to Virginia. Her interment was at St George's Church in Gravesend. What became known as the \"Starving Time\" in the Virginia Colony occurred during the winter of 1609–10, when only 60 of 500 English colonists survived. The colonists,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257840",
"score": "1.009582",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "brought by Captain Newport. These were: Matthew Scrivener (First Supply), and Peter Winne (Second Supply). On October 1, 1608, 70 new settlers arrived aboard the English \"Mary and Margaret\" with the Second Supply, following a journey of approximately three months. Included in the Second Supply were Thomas Graves, Thomas Forrest, Esq and \"Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras her maide.\" Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras were the first two women known to have come to the Jamestown Colony. Remains unearthed at Jamestown in 1997 may be those of Mistress Forrest. Also included were the first non-English settlers. The company recruited these",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257826",
"score": "1.0094813",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "more supplies, and a new governor, Thomas West, Baron De La Warr. Fortuitously, on June 9, 1610, De La Warr arrived on the James River just as the settlers had abandoned Jamestown. Intercepting them about downstream from Jamestown near Mulberry Island (adjacent to present-day Fort Eustis in Newport News), the new governor forced the remaining 90 settlers to return. \"Deliverance\" and \"Patience\" turned back, and all the settlers were landed again at Jamestown. With the new supply mission, the new governor brought additional colonists, a doctor, food, and much-needed supplies. He also was of a strong determination that Jamestown and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257848",
"score": "1.0088502",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Eleanor Dare",
"text": "the group and killed most of the colonists. Powhatan showed Smith certain artifacts he said had belonged to the colonists, including a musket barrel and a brass mortar. The Jamestown Colony received reports of some survivors of the Lost Colony and sent out search parties, but none were successful. Eventually they determined they were all dead. However, in her 2000 book \"Roanoke: Solving the Mystery of the Lost Colony,\" Miller postulated that some of the Lost Colony survivors sought shelter with a neighboring Indian tribe, the Chowanoc, that was attacked by another tribe, identified by the Jamestown Colony as the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9129343",
"score": "1.0087314",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "To Have and to Hold",
"text": "the Virginian Indians plan to massacre the Jamestown settlers. As they are on their way back to Jamestown, Diccon is shot and killed by a hostile Indian, and Ralph is left alone to brave his way back. Returning to the colony, he gives his information, only to be told that Jocelyn had made her way to the forest in search of him after his absence was noticed, with Jeremy Sparrow, and that they had not been found. It is also discovered that Lord Carnal has taken poison and will die within a week. Jamestown is saved, thanks to Ralph's almost-too-late",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5922222",
"score": "1.0072614",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Jamestown, Virginia",
"text": "Virginia Indian employee. There was not enough time to spread the word to the outposts. Of the 6,000 people who came to the settlement between 1608 and 1624, only 3,400 survived. In 1624, King James revoked the Virginia Company's charter, and Virginia became a royal colony. Despite the setbacks, the colony continued to grow. Ten years later, in 1634, by order of King Charles I, the colony was divided into the original eight shires of Virginia (or counties), in a fashion similar to that practiced in England. Jamestown was now located in James City Shire, soon renamed the \"County of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "822251",
"score": "1.006706",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Henry Spelman of Jamestown",
"text": "Confederacy led by Chief Powhatan. Despite being a son of the high sheriff of his county, Spelman, owing to the traditional English practice of primogeniture, was left to indenture himself as a laborer to pay his passage to the New World. The Third Supply flotilla of 9 ships set sail from Plymouth, England on 2 June 1609. In July 1609, the ships ran into a massive 3 day storm and the fleet was broken up, with the flagship Sea Venture wrecking upon the islands of Bermuda. After the storm passed, the remaining ships reassembled off of Cape Henry and sailed",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11611311",
"score": "1.0065683",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Jamestown, Virginia",
"text": "Third Supply was John Rolfe, who carried with him a cache of untested new tobacco seeds from Bermuda, which had grown wild there after being planted by shipwrecked Spaniards years before. In 1614, Rolfe began to successfully harvest tobacco. Prosperous and wealthy, he married Pocahontas, daughter of Chief Powhatan, bringing several years of peace between the English and natives. However, at the end of a public relations trip to England, Pocahontas became sick and died on March 21, 1617. The following year, her father also died. Powhatan's brother, a fierce warrior named Opchanacanough, became head of the Powhatan Confederacy. As",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "822246",
"score": "1.0062939",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Oxfordian theory of Shakespeare authorship",
"text": "months in Bermuda before most completed the journey to Jamestown on 23 May 1610 aboard two new ships built from scratch. One of the survivors was the newly-appointed Governor, Sir Thomas Gates. Jamestown, then little more than a rudimentary fort, was found in such a poor condition, with the majority of the previous settlers dead or dying, that Gates and Somers decided to abandon the settlement and the continent, returning everyone to England. However, with the company believing all aboard the Sea Venture dead, a new governor, Baron De La Warr, had been sent with the Fourth Supply fleet, which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "300148",
"score": "1.00538",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "History of Virginia",
"text": "Monacan. The first English colony, Jamestown, was allegedly allowed to be settled by Chief Powhatan as he wanted new military & economic advantages over the Siouans west of his people. The following chief, Opechancanough, succeeded him within only a couple of years after contact & had a much different view of the English. He led several failed uprisings, which caused his people to fracture, some tribes going south to live among the Chowanoke or north to live among the Piscataway. After that, one of his sons took several Powhatans and moved off to the northwest, becoming the Shawnee & took",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5459274",
"score": "1.0035648",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "the colony were not to be abandoned. He turned the departing ships around and brought the entire group back to Jamestown. This was certainly not a popular decision at the time with at least some of the group, but Lord Delaware was to prove a new kind of leader for Virginia. Included in those returning to Jamestown was a colonist John Rolfe, whose wife and child had died during the shipwreck of the \"Sea Venture\" and the time at Bermuda. A businessman, he had with him some seeds for a new strain of tobacco and also some untried marketing ideas.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257849",
"score": "1.0032191",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Historic Jamestowne",
"text": "to cope with disease led to the \"starving time\", which only 60 colonists survived. The colony was resupplied with new colonists, and over the next several decades became the center of government for the English colonists, and a port town for additional arrivals from England to the new land, with about 500 people living in or around it at its peak. Jamestown was the capital of the Virginia Colony, and saw Bacon's Rebellion in 1676, led to the burning down of most of Jamestown, but the town was rebuilt. After an accidental second burning in 1698, the capital was relocated",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7420426",
"score": "1.0030293",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "one of their own, but the evidence is insufficient. Ethnicity is further complicated by the fact that the German minority in Royal Prussia lived under Polish control during this period. Originally, the colony's Polish craftsmen were barred from participating in the elections, but after the craftsmen refused to work, colonial leadership agreed to enfranchise them. These workers staged the first recorded strike in Colonial America for the right to vote in the colony's 1619 election. William Volday/Wilhelm Waldi, a Swiss German mineral prospector, was also among those who arrived in 1608. His mission was seeking a silver reservoir that was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257828",
"score": "1.001163",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "John Cranston (governor)",
"text": "freemen able to bear arms. At the beginning of November 1678, Coddington had also died in office. On 4 November Conanicut Island was incorporated as a township and called Jamestown in honor of the Duke of York, who soon became king (as James II & VII.) During a special session of the General Assembly held from 8 to 15 November, Cranston was elected governor of the colony, with James Barker elected as his deputy. The Charter and other papers were obtained from Mrs. Coddington and put into the custody of the new governor. Many of the agenda items during his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11836948",
"score": "1.0010637",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "History of Jamestown, Virginia (1607–99)",
"text": "of March 22, 1622. This event came to be known as the Indian Massacre of 1622, and resulted in the deaths of 347 colonists (including men, women, and children) and the abduction of many others. Some say that this massacre was revenge. The Massacre caught most of the Virginia Colony by surprise and virtually wiped out several entire communities, including Henricus and Wolstenholme Town at Martin's Hundred. A letter by Richard Frethorne, written in 1623, reports, \"we live in fear of the enemy every hour.\" However, Jamestown was spared from destruction due to a Virginia Indian boy named Chanco who,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13257867",
"score": "0.999164",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Ralph Hamor",
"text": "and his cousin Nathaniel Powell was killed. After the attack, Hamor was ordered to escort the surviving Warrosquyoake Shire settlers to the safety of Jamestown Island, then to stand as command of the Martin's Hundred settlers who were also brought up to Jamestown. Once things settled down, Hamor found himself in a land dispute with one of the biggest plantation owners in Virginia, Edward Bennett. In the summer of 1622, Hamor embarked on a few trade expeditions, as well as a few retaliatory raids against the Native Americans. By the summer of 1622, the colony was struggling with maintaining adequate",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15504822",
"score": "0.998017",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
}
] |
{
"title": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat",
"long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"chunked_long_answer": "He who does not work, neither shall he eat is a New Testament aphorism originally by Paul the Apostle, later cited by John Smith in Jamestown, Virginia, and by Lenin during the Russian Revolution.",
"short_answers": [
"John Smith"
]
}
|
the site of secretion of h+ and cl-
|
[
"Parietal cells"
] |
[
{
"title": "Clusterin",
"text": "all localize to different subcellular compartments: one isoform localizes to the nucleus; a second isoform localizes to the cytoplasm; and the third is secreted from the cell. They also perform opposing functions: the nuclear CLU binds Ku70 to release BAX and induce apoptosis, whereas the cytosolic and secretory isoforms inhibit apoptosis. The nuclear isoform encodes a 49 kDa protein, while the secretory isoform, which is the main gene transcript, encodes a 75–80 kDa protein after maturation (glycosylation, secretion, and dimerization). The mature protein is a 449-residue, heterodimeric, disulfide-linked glycoprotein composed of two subunits of 40 kDa α- and β-chains. Clusterin",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4367980",
"score": "0.8977827",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Bacterial secretion system",
"text": "of the arginine leads to slow down or failure of secretion. Type I secretion system is found in Gram-negative bacteria. It depends on chaperone activity using Hly and Tol proteins. The system activates as a signal sequence HlyA binds HlyB on the cell membrane. This signal sequence is an ABC transporter. The HlyAB complex activates HlyD which uncoils and moves to the outer cell membrane. The terminal signal is recognised by TolC in the inner membrane. The HlyA is secreted out of the outer membrane membrane through a tunnel-like protein channel. T1SS transports various molecules including ions, carbohydrates, drugs, proteins.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20891335",
"score": "0.8960252",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Hydrogen potassium ATPase",
"text": "an extensive secretory membrane system and the H/K ATPase is the major protein constituent of these membranes. A small amount of H/K ATPase is also found in the renal medulla. The H/K ATPase is a heterodimeric protein, the product of 2 genes. The gene \"ATP4A\" encodes the H/K ATPase α subunit, and is an ~1000-amino acid protein that contains the catalytic sites of the enzyme and forms the pore through the cell membrane that allows the transport of ions. Hydronium ions bind to two active sites present in the α subunit. The α subunit also has a phosphorylation site (Asp).",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7711157",
"score": "0.8805543",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Na-K-Cl cotransporter",
"text": "is still maintained. NKCC1 is widely distributed throughout the body, especially in organs that secrete fluids, called exocrine glands. In cells of these organs, NKCC1 is commonly found in the basolateral membrane, the part of the cell membrane closest to the blood vessels. Its basolateral location gives NKCC1 the ability to transport sodium, potassium, and chloride from the blood into the cell. Other transporters assist in the movement of these solutes out of the cell through its apical surface. The end result is that solutes from the blood, particularly chloride, are secreted into the lumen of these exocrine glands, increasing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8292413",
"score": "0.87008923",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Chloride channel",
"text": "interactions with the protein. In the channels, the protein does not shield chloride ions at one binding site from the neighboring negatively charged chlorides. Each negative charge exerts a repulsive force on the negative charges next to it. Researchers have suggested that this mutual repulsion contributes to the high rate of conduction through the pore. CLC transporters shuttle H across the membrane. The H pathway in CLC transporters utilizes two glutamate residues—one on the extracellular side, Glu, and one on the intracellular side, Glu. Glu also serves to regulate chloride exchange between the protein and extracellular solution. This means that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4600730",
"score": "0.8700184",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Clostridium histolyticum",
"text": "This proteolytic enzyme is inhibited by cysteine and reversibly inactivated by reducing agents. The molecular weight is between 10 and 50 kDa. Epsilon-toxin is an oxygen-labile hemolysin similar to the θ-toxin of \"C. perfringens\" and the δ-toxins of \"C. septicum\", and \"C. novyi\". Toxigenic strains of \"C. histolyticum\" secrete proteinases and collagenases that can degrade and necrotize organs and muscles in the human body. \"Clostridium histolyticum\" proteinases, including gamma- and delta-toxin, digest native and denatured proteins to amino acids with the production of ammonia. They can also clot milk and later digest the clot, and hemolyze sheep blood. The proteinases",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15251164",
"score": "0.8700124",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Gamma secretase",
"text": "with and cleave their substrate proteins. Gamma secretase complexes have also been observed localized to the mitochondria, where they may play a role in promoting apoptosis. Gamma secretase is an internal protease that cleaves within the membrane-spanning domain of its substrate proteins, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch. Substrate recognition occurs via nicastrin ectodomain binding to the N-terminus of the target, which is then passed via a poorly understood process between the two presenilin fragments to a water-containing active site where the catalytic aspartate residue is located. The active site must contain water to carry out hydrolysis within a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9055148",
"score": "0.86251664",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Gastrointestinal physiology",
"text": "of the stomach creating acidic conditions with a low pH of 1. H is pumped into the stomach by exchanging it with K. This process also requires ATP as a source of energy; however, Cl then follows the positive charge in the H through an open apical channel protein. HCO secretion occurs to neutralize the acid secretions that make their way into the duodenum of the small intestine. Most of the HCO comes from pancreatic acinar cells in the form of NaHCO in an aqueous solution. This is the result of the high concentration of both HCO and Na present",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9266698",
"score": "0.8621585",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "CKAP4",
"text": "undergo another post-translational modification, S-palmitoylation, on cysteine 100 of its cytoplasmic domain. So far only the palmitoyl-acyltransferase ZDHHC2 has been identified as a potential regulator of CLIMP-63’s palmitoylation but as ZDHHC2 resides mostly at the plasma membrane, supplementary investigations are needed. The consequence of S-palmitoylation remain to be investigated but could play a role in the cell cycle as CLIMP-63’s palmitoylation was reported to strongly increase during mitosis. Finally, CLIMP-63 has been shown by different groups to serve as a cell surface receptor for various extracellular ligands, in particular for surfactant protein A (SP-A) in lungs alveoli , tissue plasminogen",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11330839",
"score": "0.8621206",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Parietal cell",
"text": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Beta-secretase 1",
"text": "Beta-secretase 1 Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1), also known as beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1, beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1, membrane-associated aspartic protease 2, memapsin-2, aspartyl protease 2, and ASP2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the \"BACE1\" gene. BACE1 is an aspartic-acid protease important in the formation of myelin sheaths in peripheral nerve cells. The transmembrane protein contains two active site aspartate residues in its extracellular protein domain and may function as a dimer. Generation of the 40 or 42 amino acid-long amyloid-β peptides that aggregate in the brain of Alzheimer's patients requires two sequential cleavages",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7508492",
"score": "0.859696",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Electroneutral cation-Cl",
"text": "in a central hydrophobic domain, together with hydrophilic N- and C-termini that are likely cytoplasmic. Comparison of their sequences with those of other ion-transporting membrane proteins reveals that they are part of a new superfamily of cation-chloride co-transporters, which includes the Na-Cl and Na-K-2Cl co-transporters. KCC1 and KCC3 are widely expressed in human tissues, while KCC2 is expressed only in brain neurones, making it likely that this is the isoform responsible for maintaining low Cl concentration in neurones. KCC1 is widely expressed in human tissues, and when heterologously expressed, possesses the functional characteristics of the well-studied red blood cell K-Cl",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8906167",
"score": "0.85811746",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Histidine decarboxylase",
"text": "known PLP-dependent decarboxylases. HDC is highly specific for its histidine substrate. Histidine decarboxylase is the primary biological source of histamine. Histamine is an important biogenic amine that moderates numerous physiologic processes. There are four different histamine receptors, H, H, H, and H, each of which carries a different biological significance. H modulates several functions of the central and peripheral nervous system, including circadian rhythm, body temperature and appetite. H activation results in gastric acid secretion and smooth muscle relaxation. H controls histamine turnover by feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release. Finally, H plays roles in mast cell chemotaxis and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7159758",
"score": "0.8470367",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Clostridium difficile toxin A",
"text": "the bacterial cell membrane. Due to its homology with other proteins of similar function, as well as the location of the gene between \"tcdA\" and \"tcdB\", \"tcdE\" is predicted to function as the lytic protein that facilitates release since TcdA and TcdB lack a signal peptide for secretion. The protein contains three domains. The amino N-terminal domain contains the active site, responsible for the glucosylating activity of the toxin. Both TcdA and TcdB use this highly conserved N-terminal region (74% homology between both toxins) to alter identical substrates. The carboxy C-terminal domain contains repeating units that are responsible for receptor",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12782119",
"score": "0.84613436",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Aureolysin",
"text": "coagulation as well as the activation of urokinase. However, it also mediates \"S. aureus\" cell wall and secreted proteins to promote this change. For example, clumping factor B is a surface protein that is responsible for the binding of fibrinogen around the bacterium to hide it within a clot. Aureolysin is responsible for the cleavage of clumping factor B, which causes the loss of \"S. aureus\" binding to fibrinogen. By this mechanism, it may act as a self-regulatory mechanism for dissemination and spreading in combination with activation of fibrinolysis, while the protease simultaneously provides protection against complement activation. It has",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17281798",
"score": "0.84558177",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Glucagon-like peptide-1",
"text": "in both a membrane-anchored and soluble circulating form. Notably, DPP-4 is expressed on the surface of endothelial cells, including those located directly adjacent to GLP-1 secretion sites. Consequently, less than 25% of secreted GLP-1 is estimated to leave the gut intact. Additionally, presumably due to the high concentration of DPP-4 found on hepatocytes, 40–50% of the remaining active GLP-1 is degraded across the liver. Conclusively, only 10–15 % of secreted GLP-1 reaches circulation intact due to the activity of DPP-4. Neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP 24.11) is a membrane-bound zinc metallopeptidase widely expressed in several tissues, but found in particularly high",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8008638",
"score": "0.84543145",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Phospholipase D",
"text": "distinct genes. PLD activity appears to be present in most cell types, with the possible exceptions of peripheral leukocytes and other lymphocytes. Both PLD isoforms require PIP as a cofactor for activity. PLD1 and PLD2 exhibit different subcellular localizations that dynamically change in the course of signal transduction. PLD activity has been observed within the plasma membrane, cytosol, ER, and Golgi complex. PLD1 is a 120 kDa protein that is mainly located on the inner membranes of cells. It is primarily present at the Golgi complex, endosomes, lysosomes, and secretory granules. Upon the binding of an extracellular stimulus, PLD1 is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8010328",
"score": "0.8444107",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein",
"text": "cortex and bone marrow hemopoietic matrix, and it has therefore been postulated that it participates in the development of the tissues. However, its exact significance is still obscure. The choroid plexus is an established extrahepatic expression site. The mature circulating AHSG molecule consists of two polypeptide chains, which are both cleaved from a proprotein encoded from a single mRNA. Multiple post-translational modifications have been reported. Thus AHSG is a secreted partially phosphorylated glycoprotein with complex proeolytic processing that circulates in blood and extracellular fluids. In the test tube AHSG can bind multiple ligands and therefore has been claimed to be",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11306776",
"score": "0.8443428",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Lipid-binding serum glycoprotein",
"text": "protein (PLUNC) is a potential host defensive protein that is secreted from the submucosal gland to the saliva and nasal lavage fluid. PLUNC appears to be a secreted product of neutrophil granules that participates in an aspect of the inflammatory response that contributes to host defence. Short palate, lung and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1) may bind the lipopolysaccharide of Gram-negative nanobacteria, thereby playing an important role in the host defence of nasopharyngeal epithelium. Bacterial permeability family member A1 (BPIFA1/SPLUNC1) is an innate protein that is secreted basolaterally from healthy, but not asthmatic, human bronchial epithelial cultures (HBECs). It suppresses",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14981272",
"score": "0.8398037",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Immunoglobulin A",
"text": "It is also possible to distinguish forms of IgA based upon their location - serum IgA vs. secretory IgA. In secretory IgA, the form found in secretions, polymers of 2-4 IgA monomers are linked by two additional chains; as such, the molecular weight of slgA is 385,000D. One of these is the J chain (joining chain), which is a polypeptide of molecular mass 15kD, rich with cysteine and structurally completely different from other immunoglobulin chains. This chain is formed in the IgA-secreting cells. The oligomeric forms of IgA in the external (mucosal) secretions also contain a polypeptide of a much",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2708721",
"score": "0.8396715",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2",
"text": "formation of intramolecular disulfide bonds. In addition to the CD-loop, notable motifs include the reactive center loop (RCL) spanning amino acids 379-383 and an N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence.Despite their similar inhibitory targets, PAI-2 is phylogenetically distant from its counterpart plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). As a member of the ovalbumin-related serpin family, PAI-2 is genetically similar to chicken ovalbumin (\"Gallus gallus\"), and is a close mammalian homolog. Both ovalbumin and PAI-2 undergo secretion via uncleaved secretory signal peptides, although PAI-2 secretion is relatively much less efficient. PAI-2 exists in three polymeric states: monomeric, polymerigenic, and polymer (inactive state). Polymerization occurs by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8298957",
"score": "0.838482",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Clusterin",
"text": "Clusterin Clusterin (apolipoprotein J) is a 75 - 80 kDa disulfide-linked heterodimeric protein associated with the clearance of cellular debris and apoptosis. In humans, clusterin is encoded by the \"CLU\" gene on chromosome 8. CLU is a molecular chaperone responsible for aiding protein folding of secreted proteins, and its three isoforms have been differentially implicated in pro- or antiapoptotic processes. Through this function, CLU is involved in many diseases related to oxidative stress, including neurodegenerative diseases, cancers, inflammatory diseases, and aging. The \"CLU\" gene contains nine exons and expresses three isoforms alternatively-spliced at the first exon. The encoded protein isoforms",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4367979",
"score": "0.83714724",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Beta-secretase 2",
"text": "Beta-secretase 2 Beta-secretase 2 (, also known as Memapsin-1) is an enzyme that cleaves Glu-Val-Asn-Leu!Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe in the Swedish variant of Alzheimer's amyloid precursor protein. BACE2 is a close homolog of BACE1. Cerebral deposition of amyloid beta peptide is an early and critical feature of Alzheimer's disease and a frequent complication of Down syndrome. Amyloid beta peptide is generated by proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein by 2 proteases, one of which is the protein encoded by this gene. This gene localizes to the 'Down critical region' of chromosome 21. The encoded protein, a member of the peptidase A1 protein family,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4739456",
"score": "0.83552694",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Secretion",
"text": "coli\" peptide colicin V, (10 kDa) to the \"Pseudomonas fluorescens\" cell adhesion protein LapA of 520 kDa. The best characterized are the RTX toxins and the lipases. Type I secretion is also involved in export of non-proteinaceous substrates like cyclic β-glucans and polysaccharides. Proteins secreted through the type II system, or main terminal branch of the general secretory pathway, depend on the Sec or Tat system for initial transport into the periplasm. Once there, they pass through the outer membrane via a multimeric (12–14 subunits) complex of pore forming secretin proteins. In addition to the secretin protein, 10–15 other inner",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2826300",
"score": "0.835276",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Clostridium difficile toxin A",
"text": "damage and fluid secretion. Fluid accumulation and secretion are secondary to mucosal damage that occurs after exposure to TcdA. Distinct changes in the microfilament system lead to cell rounding and cell death. These changes result from the inactivation of Rho proteins, which play an important role in regulating tight junctions. Apoptosis is the most likely mechanism accounting for death of cells exposed to TcdA. Rho inactivation can activate caspase-3 and caspase-9; two key components of the apoptotic pathway. TcdA has been linked to mitochondrial membrane disruption and release of cytochrome C through caspase activation and Rho inactivation, further suggesting that",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12782125",
"score": "0.8344275",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Secretin",
"text": "in the amino acids between positions 5 and 13. The amino acids sequences of secretin have some similarities to that of glucagon, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP). Fourteen of 27 amino acids of secretin reside in the same positions as in glucagon, 7 the same as in VIP, and 10 the same as in GIP. Secretin also has an amidated carboxyl-terminal amino acid which is valine. The sequence of amino acids in secretin is H–His-Ser-Asp-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Glu-Leu-Ser-Arg-Leu-Arg-Asp-Ser-Ala-Arg-Leu-Gln-Arg-Leu-Leu-Gln-Gly-Leu-Val–NH. Secretin is synthesized in cytoplasmic secretory granules of S-cells, which are found mainly in the mucosa of the duodenum, and in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1729316",
"score": "0.83435637",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Hemagglutinin esterase",
"text": "with a short N-terminal, cleavable signal peptide, a long ectodomain, a transmembrane region and a very short ctyoplasmic tail. HEF is composed of two subunits, HEF1 consisting of the N-terminal and HEF2 consisting of the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail. Electron microscopy analyzing the crystal structure of HEF showed that the spike of HEF forms a mushroom-shaped trimer consisting of a membrane-near stalk and a globular head. HEF contains only asparagine-linked carbohydrates which indicates that O-glycosylation does not occur. The location of the individual glycosylation sites in the crystal structure are located on seven of the eight highly conserved",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5833870",
"score": "0.8339578",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "CLE peptide",
"text": "peptides vary in structure with each peptide structure performing a different job with in the plant. The minimal length of functioning CLE peptides has been found to be 12 amino acids with several critical residues. There are two different peptide structures that are found within the plant and they are A-type and B-type. When A-type hormones are secreted the plant slows down the rate of root growth whereas the secretion of B-type peptides effects the vascular growth of the plant. The secretion of A-type peptides speeds up the vascular development of the plant that is mediated by the B-type peptides.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20302200",
"score": "0.8334788",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Lewis antigen system",
"text": "in secretions and in the serum. Type 2 is found exclusively on the surface of red blood cells. No type 1 oligosaccharide is found on RBCs. Unbranched type 1 and 2 oligosaccharides represent \"i antigen\". Branched type 1 and 2 oligosaccharides are \"I antigens\". In neonates, \"i antigen\" oligosaccharides predominate (high in cord blood samples). Oligosaccharide branching increases with age, thus adults have mostly \"I antigen\". The H gene of the ABO system encodes a fucosyltransferase that adds fucose to type 2 precursor substances on the surface of RBCs to make H antigen. The h gene is an amorph. If",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9984418",
"score": "0.83281",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Pectinesterase",
"text": "to be secreted to the apoplasm with highly methylated pectin although at some point along this secretory pathway the N-terminal pro-peptide is cleaved off. Currently, the role of the pro-region is unknown although it has been hypothesised that it may act as an intramolecular chaperone, ensuring correct folding or deactivating activity until PE insertion in the cell wall is complete. Recently, particular attention has been devoted to molecular studies of pectinesterase leading to the characterisation of several related isoforms in various higher plant species. Some of these pectinesterases were shown to be ubiquitously expressed, whereas others are specifically expressed during",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9288115",
"score": "0.83193606",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Parietal cell",
"long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"chunked_long_answer": "Parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor. These cells are located in the gastric glands found in the lining of the fundus and in the body of the stomach. They contain an extensive secretory network (called canaliculi) from which the HCl is secreted by active transport into the stomach. The enzyme hydrogen potassium ATPase (H/K ATPase) is unique to the parietal cells and transports the H against a concentration gradient of about 3 million to 1, which is the steepest ion gradient formed in the human body. Parietal cells are primarily regulated via histamine, acetylcholine and gastrin signaling from both central and local modulators (see 'Regulation').",
"short_answers": [
"Parietal cells"
]
}
|
when does body temperature tend to be lowest
|
[
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
] |
[
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold. Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following Circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assuming the person sleeps at night and stays awake during the day). Therefore, an oral temperature of would, strictly speaking, be a normal, healthy temperature in the afternoon but not in the early morning. An individual's body temperature typically changes by about between its highest and lowest points each day. Body temperature is sensitive to many hormones, so women",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285648",
"score": "1.0624899",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "to 36.7 °C (97.6 to 98.1 °F). Within 24 hours of ovulation, women experience an elevation of 0.15–0.45 °C (0.2–0.9 °F) due to the increased metabolic rate caused by sharply elevated levels of progesterone. The basal body temperature ranges between 36.7–37.3 °C (98.1–99.2 °F) throughout the luteal phase, and drops down to pre-ovulatory levels within a few days of menstruation. Women can chart this phenomenon to determine whether and when they are ovulating, so as to aid conception or contraception. Fever is a regulated elevation of the set point of core temperature in the hypothalamus, caused by circulating pyrogens produced",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340510",
"score": "1.0284116",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "around , and hypothermia sets in when the core body temperature gets lower than . Usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold temperatures, hypothermia is usually treated by methods that attempt to raise the body temperature back to a normal range. It was not until the introduction of thermometers that any exact data on the temperature of animals could be obtained. It was then found that local differences were present, since heat production and heat loss vary considerably in different parts of the body, although the circulation of the blood tends to bring about a mean temperature of the internal",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340486",
"score": "1.0269902",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "body's core temperature rises to a higher temperature through the action of the part of the brain that controls the body temperature; with hyperthermia, the body temperature is raised without the influence of the heat control centers. In hypothermia, body temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism and bodily functions. In humans, this is usually due to excessive exposure to cold air or water, but it can be deliberately induced as a medical treatment. Symptoms usually appear when the body's core temperature drops by below normal temperature. Basal body temperature is the lowest temperature attained by the body during",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285658",
"score": "1.0269632",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "of these averages as representing normal or ideal measurements, a wide range of temperatures has been found in healthy people. The body temperature of a healthy person varies during the day by about with lower temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures in the late afternoon and evening, as the body's needs and activities change. Other circumstances also affect the body's temperature. The core body temperature of an individual tends to have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian rhythms. The body",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285647",
"score": "1.0264803",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Cold and heat adaptations in humans",
"text": "by temperatures that are well below 0 °C (32 °F). Extreme cold favors individuals who have more body fat, especially around the sinuses, and narrow noses. Moderate cold is characterized by temperatures that fluctuate a few degrees above and below 0 °C (32 °F). Moderate cold favors individuals with slightly above average body fat (around a BMI of 24-25). Night cold is characterized by the extreme diurnal temperature variation seen in desert regions, and is associated with dual adaptations to heat and cold. Night cold favors individuals who are adapted to the heat, but whom also have a fast metabolism",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19759297",
"score": "1.0045176",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "diurnal temperatures can be reversed by reversing their daily routine. In essence, the temperature curve of diurnal birds is similar to that of man and other homoeothermal animals, except that the maximum occurs earlier in the afternoon and the minimum earlier in the morning. Also, the curves obtained from rabbits, guinea pigs, and dogs were quite similar to those from man. These observations indicate that body temperature is partially regulated by circadian rhythms. During the follicular phase (which lasts from the first day of menstruation until the day of ovulation), the average basal body temperature in women ranges from 36.45",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340509",
"score": "1.0034173",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference – experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity (night) and lowest during the period of rest (day). Those",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340508",
"score": "1.000818",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "have a temperature rhythm that varies with the menstrual cycle, called a \"circamensal\" rhythm. A woman's basal body temperature rises sharply after ovulation, as estrogen production decreases and progesterone increases. Fertility awareness programs use this change to identify when a woman has ovulated in order to achieve or avoid pregnancy. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, both the lowest and the average temperatures are slightly higher than during other parts of the cycle. However, the amount that the temperature rises during each day is slightly lower than typical, so the highest temperature of the day is not very",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285649",
"score": "1.0000505",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "much higher than usual. Hormonal contraceptives both suppress the circamensal rhythm and raise the typical body temperature by about . Temperature also varies with the change of seasons during each year. This pattern is called a \"circannual\" rhythm. Studies of seasonal variations have produced inconsistent results. People living in different climates may have different seasonal patterns. Increased physical fitness increases the amount of daily variation in temperature. With increased age, both average body temperature and the amount of daily variability in the body temperature tend to decrease. Elderly patients may have a decreased ability to generate body heat during a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285650",
"score": "0.9967253",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "fever, so even a somewhat elevated temperature can indicate a serious underlying cause in geriatrics. Different methods used for measuring temperature produce different results. The temperature reading depends on which part of the body is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows: Generally, oral, rectal, gut, and core body temperatures, although slightly different, are well-correlated, with oral temperature being the lowest of the four. Oral temperatures are generally about lower than rectal temperatures. Oral temperatures are influenced by drinking, chewing, smoking, and breathing with the mouth open. Mouth breathing, cold drinks or food reduce oral",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285651",
"score": "0.9961242",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "change according to activities and external factors. In addition to varying throughout the day, normal body temperature may also differ as much as from one day to the next, so that the highest or lowest temperatures on one day will not always exactly match the highest or lowest temperatures on the next day. Normal human body temperature varies slightly from person to person and by the time of day. Consequently, each type of measurement has a range of normal temperatures. The range for normal human body temperatures, taken orally, is (). This means that any oral temperature between is likely",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285645",
"score": "0.9954071",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Heterothermy",
"text": "(around 38 °C). Larger mammals (e.g. ground squirrels) and bats show multi-day torpor bouts during hibernation (up to several weeks) in winter. During these multi-day torpor bouts, body temperature drops to ~1 °C above ambient temperature and metabolism may drop to about 1% of the normal endothermic metabolic rate. Even in these deep hibernators, the long periods of torpor is interrupted by bouts of endothermic metabolism, called arousals (typically lasting between 4–20 hours). These metabolic arousals cause body temperature to return to euthermic levels 35-37 °C. Most of the energy spent during hibernation is spent in arousals (70-80%), but their",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5395419",
"score": "0.99440587",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "an electric blanket raises the body temperature at night. Sleep disturbances also affect temperatures. Normally, body temperature drops significantly at a person's normal bedtime and throughout the night. Short-term sleep deprivation produces a higher temperature at night than normal, but long-term sleep deprivation appears to reduce temperatures. Insomnia and poor sleep quality are associated with smaller and later drops in body temperature. Similarly, waking up unusually early, sleeping in, jet lag and changes to shift work schedules may affect body temperature. A temperature setpoint is the level at which the body attempts to maintain its temperature. When the setpoint is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285654",
"score": "0.99153304",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Vital signs",
"text": "checking body temperature is to solicit any signs of systemic infection or inflammation in the presence of a fever (temp > 38.5 °C/101.3 °F or sustained temp > 38 °C/100.4 °F), or elevated significantly above the individual's normal temperature. Other causes of elevated temperature include hyperthermia. Temperature depression (hypothermia) also needs to be evaluated. It is also noteworthy to review the trend of the patient's temperature. A fever of 38 °C is not necessarily indicate an ominous sign if the patient's previous temperature has been higher. The pulse is the rate at which the heart beats while pumping blood through",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5564175",
"score": "0.9843774",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "to give the most accurate assessment of core body temperature, particularly in hypothermia. In the early 2000s, ingestible thermistors in capsule form were produced, allowing the temperature inside the digestive tract to be transmitted to an external receiver; one study found that these were comparable in accuracy to rectal temperature measurement. In the 19th century, most books quoted \"blood heat\" as 98 °F, until a study published the mean (but not the variance) of a large sample as . Subsequently that mean was widely quoted as \"37 °C or 98.4 °F\" until editors realised 37 °C is closer to 98.6",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285662",
"score": "0.9741585",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Sex differences in human physiology",
"text": "in reaction to cold to a greater extent than men's skin, both of which help women to stay warm and survive lower temperatures than men. As a result of greater vasoconstriction, while the surface of female skin is colder than male skin, the deep-skin temperature in women is higher than in men. Males generally have darker skin than females. The lighter skin in females helps their bodies synthesize more Vitamin D from sunlight and absorb more calcium, which is needed during pregnancy and lactation. On average, males have more body hair than females. Males have relatively more of the type",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6598527",
"score": "0.97251004",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Fever",
"text": "than peripheral temperatures. Fever is generally agreed to be present if the elevated temperature is caused by a raised set point and: In healthy adults, the range of normal, healthy temperatures for oral temperature is , for rectal it is , for tympanic membrane (the ear drum) it is , and for axillary (the armpit) it is . Harrison's principles of internal medicine defines a fever as a morning oral temperature of >37.2 °C (>98.9 °F) or an afternoon oral temperature of >37.7 °C (>99.9 °F) while the normal daily temperature variation is typically 0.5 °C (0.9 °F). Normal body",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "567696",
"score": "0.9701396",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "Human body temperature Normal human body temperature, also known as normothermia or euthermia, is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as . Individual body temperature depends upon the age, exertion, infection, sex, and reproductive status of the subject, the time of day, the place in the body at which the measurement is made, and the subject's state of consciousness (waking, sleeping or sedated), activity level, and emotional state. It is typically maintained within this range by thermoregulation. Taking a person's temperature is an initial part of a full clinical examination.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285643",
"score": "0.96730083",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "°F than 98.4 °F. Dictionaries and other sources that quoted these averages did add the word \"about\" to show that there is some variance, but generally did not state how wide the variance is. Human body temperature Normal human body temperature, also known as normothermia or euthermia, is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as . Individual body temperature depends upon the age, exertion, infection, sex, and reproductive status of the subject, the time of day, the place in the body at which the measurement is made, and the subject's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285663",
"score": "0.96490073",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Blood",
"text": "adjustments to this flow are an important part of thermoregulation. Increasing blood flow to the surface (e.g., during warm weather or strenuous exercise) causes warmer skin, resulting in faster heat loss. In contrast, when the external temperature is low, blood flow to the extremities and surface of the skin is reduced and to prevent heat loss and is circulated to the important organs of the body, preferentially. Rate of blood flow varies greatly between different organs. Liver has the most abundant blood supply with an approximate flow of 1350 ml/min. Kidney and brain are the second and the third most",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "47139",
"score": "0.9642758",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "raised, the result is a fever. Most fevers are caused by infectious disease and can be lowered, if desired, with antipyretic medications. An early morning temperature higher than or a late afternoon temperature higher than is normally considered a fever, assuming that the temperature is elevated due to a change in the hypothalamus's setpoint. Lower thresholds are sometimes appropriate for elderly people. The normal daily temperature variation is typically , but can be greater among people recovering from a fever. An organism at optimum temperature is considered \"afebrile\" or \"apyrexic\", meaning \"without fever\". If temperature is raised, but the setpoint",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285655",
"score": "0.9639432",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "to be normal. The normal human body temperature is often stated as . In adults a review of the literature has found a wider range of for normal temperatures, depending on the gender and location measured. Reported values vary depending on how it is measured: oral (under the tongue): (), internal (rectal, vaginal): . A rectal or vaginal measurement taken directly inside the body cavity is typically slightly higher than oral measurement, and oral measurement is somewhat higher than skin measurement. Other places, such as under the arm or in the ear, produce different typical temperatures. While some people think",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285646",
"score": "0.9592087",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Cold and heat adaptations in humans",
"text": "to warm them during the colder nights . The only mechanism the human body has to cool itself is by sweat evaporation. Sweating occurs when the ambient air temperatures is above 28 °C (82 °F) and the body fails to return to the normal internal temperature. The evaporation of the sweat helps cool the blood beneath the skin. It is limited by the amount of water available in the body, which can cause dehydration. Humans adapted to heat early on. In Africa, the climate selected for traits that helped us stay cool. Also, we had physiological mechanisms that reduced the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19759298",
"score": "0.9568561",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "by the immune system. To the subject, a rise in core temperature due to fever may result in feeling cold in an environment where people without fever do not. Some monks are known to practice Tummo, biofeedback meditation techniques, that allow them to raise their body temperatures substantially. It has been theorised that low body temperature may increase lifespan. In 2006, it was reported that transgenic mice with a body temperature 0.3–0.5 C lower than normal mice lived longer than normal mice. This mechanism is due to overexpressing the uncoupling protein 2 in hypocretin neurons (Hcrt-UCP2), which elevated hypothalamic temperature,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340511",
"score": "0.9539409",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Operating temperature",
"text": "temperature is also one of the classic phase markers for measuring the timing of an individual's Circadian rhythm. Changes to the normal human body temperature may result in discomfort. The most common such change is a fever, a temporary elevation of the body's thermoregulatory set-point, typically by about 1–2 °C (1.8–3.6 °F). Hyperthermia is an acute condition caused by the body absorbing more heat than it can dissipate, whereas hypothermia is a condition in which the body's core temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism, and which is caused by the body's inability to replenish the heat that is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14227478",
"score": "0.95175976",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"text": "normal, a condition known as hyperthermia occurs. For humans, this occurs when the body is exposed to constant temperatures of approximately , and with prolonged exposure (longer than a few hours) at this temperature and up to around death is almost inevitable. Humans may also experience lethal hyperthermia when the wet bulb temperature is sustained above for six hours. The opposite condition, when body temperature decreases below normal levels, is known as hypothermia. It results when the homeostatic control mechanisms of heat within the body malfunction, causing the body to lose heat faster than producing it. Normal body temperature is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2340485",
"score": "0.95119333",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Hyperthermia",
"text": "of some types of general anesthesia. Hyperthermia differs from fever in that the body's temperature set point remains unchanged. The opposite is hypothermia, which occurs when the temperature drops below that required to maintain normal metabolism. The term is from Greek ὑπέρ, \"hyper\", meaning \"above\" or \"over\", and θέρμος, \"thermos\", meaning \"hot\". In humans, hyperthermia is defined as a temperature greater than , depending on the reference used, that occurs without a change in the body's temperature set point. The normal human body temperature can be as high as in the late afternoon. Hyperthermia requires an elevation from the temperature",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "821417",
"score": "0.95006657",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Human body temperature",
"text": "rest (usually during sleep). It is generally measured immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken, although the temperature measured at that time is somewhat higher than the true basal body temperature. In women, temperature differs at various points in the menstrual cycle, and this can be used in the long-term to track ovulation both for the purpose of aiding conception or avoiding pregnancy. This process is called fertility awareness. Core temperature, also called core body temperature, is the operating temperature of an organism, specifically in deep structures of the body such as the liver, in comparison",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9285659",
"score": "0.94957775",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
}
] |
{
"title": "Thermoregulation",
"long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and not from outside interference – experience their highest temperature during the natural period of activity (night) and lowest during the period of rest (day). Those diurnal temperatures can be reversed by reversing their daily routine.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In humans, a diurnal variation has been observed dependent on the periods of rest and activity, lowest at 11 p.m. to 3 a.m. and peaking at 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Monkeys also have a well-marked and regular diurnal variation of body temperature that follows periods of rest and activity, and is not dependent on the incidence of day and night; nocturnal monkeys reach their highest body temperature at night and lowest during the day. Sutherland Simpson and J.J. Galbraith observed that all nocturnal animals and birds – whose periods of rest and activity are naturally reversed through habit and",
"short_answers": [
"11 p.m. to 3 a.m."
]
}
|
what us state forms the western boundary of montana
|
[
"Idaho"
] |
[
{
"title": "Montana Territory",
"text": "degree and thirty minutes of north latitude to a point formed by its intersection with the crest of the Rocky Mountains; thence following the crest of the Rocky Mountains northward till its intersection with the Bitter Root Mountains; thence northward along the crest of the Bitter Root Mountains to its intersection with the thirty-ninth degree of longitude west from Washington; thence along said thirty-ninth degree of longitude northward to the boundary line of British possessions. The boundaries of the territory did not change during its existence. It was admitted to the Union as the State of Montana on November 8,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2597310",
"score": "1.0976532",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Western Montana",
"text": "Western Montana Western Montana is the western region of the U.S. state of Montana. The most restrictive definition limits western Montana only to the parts of the state west of the Continental Divide. Other common definitions add in the mountainous areas east of the divide including Beaverhead, Gallatin, Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, Madison, and Park Counties. The region is sometimes considered to be part of the Inland Northwest. Western Montana is dominated by the Rocky Mountains. Most of Western Montana is covered in forest, prominent species being Ponderosa pine, aspen, and Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir. Common fauna include the black bear,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4149240",
"score": "1.0600064",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montana's 100 or more named mountain ranges are in the state's western half, most of which is geologically and geographically part of the Northern Rocky Mountains. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the state's south-central part are technically part of the Central Rocky Mountains. The Rocky Mountain Front is a significant feature in the state's north-central portion, and isolated island ranges that interrupt the prairie landscape common in the central and eastern parts of the state. About 60 percent of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266621",
"score": "1.0545064",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "Montana Montana () is a state in the Northwestern United States. Montana has several nicknames, although none are official, including \"Big Sky Country\" and \"The Treasure State\", and slogans that include \"Land of the Shining Mountains\" and more recently \"The Last Best Place\". Montana is the 4th largest in area, the 8th least populous, and the 3rd least densely populated of the 50 U.S. states. The western half of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges. Smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total, 77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains. The eastern half of Montana is characterized",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266616",
"score": "1.038871",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Crow Nation",
"text": "in south-central Montana is a large reservation covering approximately of land area, the fifth-largest Indian reservation in the United States. The reservation is primarily in Big Horn and Yellowstone counties with ceded lands in Rosebud, Carbon, and Treasure Counties. The Crow Indian Reservation's eastern border is the 107th meridian line, except along the border line of the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation. The southern border is from the 107th meridian line west to the east bank of the Big Horn River. The line travels downstream to Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area and west to the Pryor Mountains and north-easterly to Billings.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "623599",
"score": "1.0337269",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Chouteau County, Montana",
"text": "Clark National Forest. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.6%) is water. Chouteau County was once the largest county in the Montana Territory and the second largest in the United States, with an area of in the early 20th century. However, some parts of the county were over from Fort Benton, and in 1893, the first of several divisions began with the creation of Teton County, the western portion of Chouteau County. Chouteau County lost half of its population from 1910 to 1930. The land is mostly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "937453",
"score": "1.0240175",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Sanders County, Montana",
"text": "Fork River runs through the middle of the county; Southeast to Northwest flow orientation with the Bitterroot Mountains on the Southwestern side and the Cabinet Mountains to the Northeast. Like many river systems of Western Montana, the Clark Fork is noted for broad, open plains along its banks. It is partially arid, with the west-facing mountain slopes capturing the most rain: ranging from nearly 40 inches a year in Heron (similar to Seattle's annual precipitation) on the Western end of the county to less than 12 inches per year in Dixon on the East end. During the last ice age,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "932862",
"score": "1.001215",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Toole County, Montana",
"text": "Toole County, Montana Toole County is a county located in the northern portion of the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 5,324. Its county seat is Shelby. The county was established in 1914 from parts of Hill County and Teton County and was named after Joseph Toole, the first and fourth governor of Montana. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States border south of Alberta. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.5%) is water. Its northern boundary is the Canada–United States",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "932720",
"score": "0.9996644",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "of western Montana, which established boundaries for the tribal nations. The treaty was ratified in 1859. While the treaty established what later became the Flathead Indian Reservation, trouble with interpreters and confusion over the terms of the treaty led whites to believe that the Bitterroot Valley was opened to settlement, but the tribal nations disputed those provisions. The Salish remained in the Bitterroot Valley until 1891. The first U.S. Army post established in Montana was Camp Cooke in 1866, on the Missouri River, to protect steamboat traffic going to Fort Benton, Montana. More than a dozen additional military outposts were",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266653",
"score": "0.9977201",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Interstate 90 in Montana",
"text": "split just east of Butte, with I-15 continuing north over the Continental Divide over the high Elk Park Pass, which straddles the Silver Bow–Jefferson County border. I-90 heads south then east, also entering Jefferson County, passing over the divide at Homestake Pass which is high. Jefferson County has interchanges with S-399 east of Pipestone, Montana and S-359 east of Cardwell before meeting the Jefferson–Broadwater County border. There is only one exit along I-90 in Broadwater County, linking MT 2 in the south and US 287 north of the highway before crossing the Broadwater–Gallatin County border at the Missouri River. I-90",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10740435",
"score": "0.9934356",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "History of Montana",
"text": "degree of longitude northward to the boundary line of the British possessions. The boundaries of Montana territory did not change during its existence. Montana was admitted to the Union as the state of Montana on November 8, 1889. The Battle of the Little Bighorn—also called Custer's Last Stand and the Battle of the Greasy Grass—was an armed engagement between a Lakota (Sioux)-Northern Cheyenne-Arapaho combined force and the 7th Cavalry of the United States Army. It occurred June 25–June 26, 1876, near the Little Bighorn River in eastern Montana Territory near present-day Hardin, Montana, on land that today is part of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5709784",
"score": "0.99329203",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Regional designations of Montana",
"text": "Regional designations of Montana The Regional designations of Montana vary widely within the U.S state of Montana. The state is a large geographical area () that is split by the Continental Divide, resulting in watersheds draining into the Pacific Ocean, Gulf of Mexico and Hudson's Bay. The state is approximately east to west along the Canada–United States border and north to south. The fourth largest state in land area, it has been divided up in official and unofficial ways into a variety of regions. Additionally, Montana is part of a number of larger federal government administrative regions. Various parts of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15643316",
"score": "0.99115825",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Fort Shaw",
"text": "added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 11, 1985. Most of what was to become Montana became part of the United States with the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Although first organized into an incorporated territory in 1805 as part of the Louisiana Territory, it was not until large numbers of farmers, miners, and fur trappers began moving into the region in the 1850s that the government of the United States paid much attention to the area. The creation of the Montana Territory in 1864 came about, in part, due to the rapid influx of miners after the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14085987",
"score": "0.9906868",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "History of Montana",
"text": "July 4, 1803. The area covered by the purchase included much of the present-day United States between the Continental Divide and the Mississippi River, encompassing the Great Plains including part of what is now Montana, particularly the Missouri River drainage. The rights to the Louisiana Purchase territory cost the U.S. $15 million, which came out to an average of 3 cents an acre. On March 10, 1804, a formal ceremony was conducted in St. Louis, Missouri, to transfer ownership of the territory from France to the United States of America. The lands of present-day Montana were practically unknown and too",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5709769",
"score": "0.9902482",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "North Fork Flathead River",
"text": "Flathead River, and North Fork of the Flathead River. The river originates in a valley northeast of Lake Koocanusa in the Clark Range, and flows west. It then meets the Continental Divide and turns south, winding through a broad glacial valley. The river then crosses the Canada–US border into the state of Montana, where it begins to delineate the western boundary of Glacier National Park. Roughly following the \"inner\" and \"outer\" North Fork Roads and Montana Secondary Highway 486, the river winds southwest past Kintla Lake, Bowman Lake, Quartz Lake, Logging Lake, and Lake McDonald, then turns west and south",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13747826",
"score": "0.9894675",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Western Montana",
"text": "Superfund cleanup site in the history of the nation. Copper is still mined at Berkeley Pit in Butte. Missoula is the largest city in Western Montana and the second-largest in the state after Billings. Western Montana, though faring better than much of the nation, was the portion of the state hit hardest by the current economic downturn. The closing of Smurfit-Stone Container in 2009 alone caused the loss of over 2000 jobs through 2012. Much of western Montana has felt the effects of a housing bust as well. Western Montana Western Montana is the western region of the U.S. state",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4149243",
"score": "0.989023",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Sanders County, Montana",
"text": "perch, Northern Pike, and walleyes that have been introduced and thrive in the modified habitat of the Clark Fork River's reservoirs. Sanders County is part of the mountainous western third of Montana. It lies entirely on the western slopes of the Rocky Mountains with a mixed coniferous forest dominating the plant community. Douglas fir/Ponderosa pine (Montana state tree) climax plant community dominate much of the county, but there are numerous other conifers found there as well in pockets of micro-climates suited to their needs. These include Western red cedar, Western Hemlock, Mountain Hemlock, White Spruce, Subalpine Fir, Grand Fir, Western",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "932866",
"score": "0.9886103",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "flows to the Pacific Ocean—making the long Clark Fork/Pend Oreille (considered a single river system) the longest river in the Rocky Mountains. The Clark Fork discharges the greatest volume of water of any river exiting the state. The Kootenai River in northwest Montana is another major tributary of the Columbia. East of the divide the Missouri River, which is formed by the confluence of the Jefferson, Madison and Gallatin rivers near Three Forks, flows due north through the west-central part of the state to Great Falls. From this point, it then flows generally east through fairly flat agricultural land and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266630",
"score": "0.9865223",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "percent of the state's population. The geographic center of population of Montana is located in sparsely populated Meagher County, in the town of White Sulphur Springs. Montana's motto, \"Oro y Plata\", Spanish for \"Gold and Silver\", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266744",
"score": "0.98560023",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "Land Ordinance of 1785 to the state in 1889 when Montana was granted statehood. These lands are managed by the state for the benefit of public schools and institutions in the state. Areas managed by the National Park Service include: Montana is a large state with considerable variation in geography, topography and altitude, and the climate is, therefore, equally varied. The state spans from below the 45th parallel (the line equidistant between the equator and North Pole) to the 49th parallel, and elevations range from under to nearly above sea level. The western half is mountainous, interrupted by numerous large",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266639",
"score": "0.9829738",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Camp Cooke (Montana)",
"text": "of its livestock. He recommended a site at the mouth of the Musselshell River, where a small community existed. As an alternative Sackett suggested the mouth of the Judith River. The Montana Territory gold strikes were located in the intermontane valley region of southwestern Montana, far removed from Camp Cooke. Camp Cooke was in the broad-reaching eastern plains of Montana. Geographically the post was isolated from the western part of the territory. Further, the post was located deep within a several hundred mile stretch of the Missouri River known as the Missouri Breaks, which are steeply eroded badlands bordering the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16145442",
"score": "0.975075",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Granite Peak (Montana)",
"text": "Granite Peak (Montana) Granite Peak, at an elevation of above sea level, is the highest natural point in the U.S. state of Montana, and is the tenth highest state high point in the nation. It lies within the Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness, in Park County very near the borders of Stillwater County and Carbon County. Granite Peak is north of the Wyoming border, southwest of Columbus, Montana. Granite Peak is the second most difficult state highpoint after Denali in Alaska, due to technical climbing, poor weather, and route finding. Granite Peak’s first ascent was made by Elers Koch, James C. Whitham and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4446227",
"score": "0.97434413",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "constructed in Crow Indian country in 1807. Until the Oregon Treaty (1846), land west of the continental divide was disputed between the British and U.S. and was known as the Oregon Country. The first permanent settlement by Euro-Americans in what today is Montana was St. Mary's (1841) near present-day Stevensville. In 1847, Fort Benton was established as the uppermost fur-trading post on the Missouri River. In the 1850s, settlers began moving into the Beaverhead and Big Hole valleys from the Oregon Trail and into the Clark's Fork valley. The first gold discovered in Montana was at Gold Creek near present-day",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266649",
"score": "0.97418904",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Meagher County, Montana",
"text": "U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (0.1%) is water. This county has a strong Republican lean. This was one of 12 counties in MT that Barry Goldwater won in 1964. A Democrat has not won since Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940. As of the census of 2000, there were 1,932 people, 803 households, and 529 families residing in the county. The population density was <1/km² (1/sq mi). There were 1,363 housing units at an average density of <1/km² (1/sq mi). The racial makeup of the county was 97.20% White, 1.04%",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "933221",
"score": "0.97341883",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "U.S. Route 12",
"text": "12 in Montana has been defined as the Lewis and Clark Highway, despite not being the route followed by Lewis and Clark across the state. US 12's through Montana's mountains and plains is the greatest distance that US 12 traverses through any state. The highway enters Montana at Lolo Pass, southwest of Lolo Hot Springs in the Lolo National Forest. After passing Lolo Peak to the south and traveling east for , it meets with US 93 at Lolo and continues as a concurrency northeast for , where US 93 heads due north on Reserve Street, toward Glacier National Park.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1316093",
"score": "0.97079533",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Sanders County, Montana",
"text": "Sanders County, Montana Sanders County is a county located in the U.S. state of Montana. As of the 2010 census, the population was 11,413. Its county seat is Thompson Falls. The county was founded in 1905. It has an annual county fair with rodeo at Plains. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which is land and (1.1%) is water. It is located on the west edge of the state of Montana, with a variety of mountains – it is part of the Coeur d'Alene Mountains in the Bitterroot Range. The Clark",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "932861",
"score": "0.96904254",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Swan Range",
"text": "side is used for some ranching and parallels Montana Highway 83. Swan Range The Swan Range is a mountain range in western Montana in the United States. Its peaks typically rise to around . The range is bounded by the South Fork Flathead River to the east, the Flathead River to the north and northwest, the Swan River to the west, and lie to the southwest of Glacier National Park, just south of the Canada–US border. It runs about from north-northwest to south-southeast. Major cities near the Swan Range include Kalispell and Bigfork to the northeast, and Seeley Lake on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13748544",
"score": "0.9667902",
"original_retrieval_index": 43
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "Plains, with tableland prairies, smaller island mountain ranges, and badlands. The isolated island ranges east of the Divide include the Bear Paw Mountains, Bull Mountains, Castle Mountains, Crazy Mountains, Highwood Mountains, Judith Mountains, Little Belt Mountains, Little Rocky Mountains, the Pryor Mountains, Snowy Mountains, Sweet Grass Hills, and—in the state's southeastern corner near Ekalaka—the Long Pines. Many of these isolated eastern ranges were created about 120 to 66 million years ago when magma welling up from the interior cracked and bowed the earth's surface here. The area east of the divide in the state' north-central portion is known for the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266625",
"score": "0.9642435",
"original_retrieval_index": 44
},
{
"title": "Montana",
"text": "Missouri, these rivers ultimately join the Mississippi River and flow into the Gulf of Mexico. Major tributaries of the Yellowstone include the Boulder, Stillwater, Clarks Fork, Bighorn, Tongue, and Powder Rivers. The Northern Divide turns east in Montana at Triple Divide Peak, causing the Waterton River, Belly, and Saint Mary rivers to flow north into Alberta. There they join the Saskatchewan River, which ultimately empties into Hudson Bay. There are some 3,000 named lakes and reservoirs in Montana, including Flathead Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in the western United States. Other major lakes include Whitefish Lake in the Flathead",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "266633",
"score": "0.962618",
"original_retrieval_index": 45
}
] |
{
"title": "Montana",
"long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Montana is one of the nine Mountain States, located in the north of the region known as the Western United States. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east. Wyoming is to the south, Idaho is to the west and southwest, and three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, are to the north.",
"short_answers": [
"Idaho"
]
}
|
if a piece of music is perceived to have changed key then we say the piece has
|
[
"transposed",
"transposition"
] |
[
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "the tonic note or chord returns. The key may be in the major or minor mode, though musicians assume major in a statement like, \"This piece is in C.\" Popular songs are usually in a key, and so is classical music during the common practice period, around 1650–1900. Longer pieces in the classical repertoire may have sections in contrasting keys. Methods that establish the key for a particular piece can be complicated to explain and vary over music history. However, the chords most often used in a piece in a particular key are those that contain the notes in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794427",
"score": "1.146354",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "Key (music) In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition in classical, Western art, and Western pop music. The group features a \"tonic note\" and its corresponding \"chords\", also called a \"tonic\" or \"tonic chord\", which provides a subjective sense of arrival and rest, and also has a unique relationship to the other pitches of the same group, their corresponding chords, and pitches and chords outside the group. Notes and chords other than the tonic in a piece create varying degrees of tension, resolved when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794426",
"score": "1.1416861",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "always, uses music written in the same key (see trombone for an exception). However, some instruments, such as the diatonic harmonica and the harp, are in fact designed to play in only one key at a time: accidentals are difficult or impossible to play. The highland bagpipes are built in B major, though the music is written in D major with implied accidentals. In Western musical composition, the key of a piece has important ramifications for its composition: Key coloration is the difference between the intervals of different keys in a single non-equal tempered tuning, and the overall sound and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794438",
"score": "1.1272306",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "More elaborate pieces may establish the main key, then modulate to another key, or a series of keys, then back to the original key. In the Baroque it was common to repeat an entire phrase of music, called a ritornello, in each key once it was established. In Classical sonata form, the second key was typically marked with a contrasting theme. Another key may be treated as a temporary tonic, called tonicization. In common practice period compositions, and most of the Western popular music of the 20th century, pieces always begin and end in the same key, even if (as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794434",
"score": "1.1236784",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "Pieces in modes not corresponding to major or minor keys may sometimes be referred to as being in the key of the tonic. A piece using some other type of harmony, resolving e.g. to A, might be described as \"in A\" to indicate that A is the tonal center of the piece. An instrument is \"in a key\", an unrelated usage that means the pitches considered \"natural\" for that instrument. For example, modern trumpets are usually in the key of B, since the notes produced without using the valves correspond to the harmonic series whose fundamental pitch is B. (Such",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794429",
"score": "1.1081132",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "in some Romantic-era music) the key is deliberately left ambiguous at first. Some arrangements of popular songs, however, modulate sometime during the song (often in a repeat of the final chorus) and thus end in a different key. This is an example of modulation. In rock and popular music some pieces change back and forth, or modulate, between two keys. Examples of this include Fleetwood Mac's \"Dreams\" and The Rolling Stones' \"Under My Thumb\". \"This phenomenon occurs when a feature that allows multiple interpretations of key (usually a diatonic set as pitch source) is accompanied by other, more precise evidence",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794435",
"score": "1.1072326",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Theoretical key",
"text": "the signature this leads to a key whose key signature has an additional sharp. A piece in C that performs this modulation would lead to the theoretical key of G major, requiring eight sharps, meaning an F in place of the F already present. To write that passage with a new key signature would require recasting the new section using the enharmonically equivalent key signature of A major. An example of such recasting is Claude Debussy's \"Suite bergamasque\": in the third movement \"Clair de lune\" the key shifts for a few measures from D major to D minor (eight flats),",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8512476",
"score": "1.1027373",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "in support of each possible interpretation (such as the use of one note as the root of the initiating harmony and persistent use of another note as pitch of melodic resolution and root of the final harmony of each phrase).\" Certain musical instruments play in a certain key, or have their music written in a certain key. Instruments that do not play in the key of C are known as transposing instruments. The most common kind of clarinet, for example, is said to play in the key of B. This means that a scale written in C major in sheet",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794436",
"score": "1.0944717",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Music",
"text": "the same time, although harmony may also be implied by a melody that outlines a harmonic structure (i.e., by using melody notes that are played one after the other, outlining the notes of a chord). In music written using the system of major-minor tonality (\"keys\"), which includes most classical music written from 1600 to 1900 and most Western pop, rock and traditional music, the key of a piece determines the scale used, which centres around the \"home note\" or tonic of the key. Simple classical pieces and many pop and traditional music songs are written so that all the music",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "247243",
"score": "1.0933852",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Music theory",
"text": "Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. ",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Modulation (music)",
"text": "in a major key, while a minor march will typically move to the relative major. Changes of key may also represent changes in mood. In many genres of music, moving from a lower key to a higher often indicates an increase in energy. Change of key is not possible in the full chromatic or the twelve tone technique, as the modulatory space is completely filled; i.e., if every pitch is equal and ubiquitous there is nowhere else to go. Thus other differentiating methods are used, most importantly ordering and permutation. However, certain pitch formations may be used as a \"tonic\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1796308",
"score": "1.0905097",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Musical syntax",
"text": "the relationship between keys in a piece of music. Usually, not only one key is used to build up a composition, but also so-called key \"modulations\" (in other words the alteration of keys) are utilized. In these modulations a certain recurring pattern can be perceived. Switches from one key to another are often found between related keys. Three general principles for relationship between keys can be postulated on the basis of perceptual experiments and also neural evidence for implicit knowledge of key structure. Looking at the C-major key as an example, there are three close related keys: G-major, A-minor and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13981399",
"score": "1.0812691",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Music",
"text": "is in a single key. More complex Classical, pop and traditional music songs and pieces may have two keys (and in some cases three or more keys). Classical music from the Romantic era (written from about 1820–1900) often contains multiple keys, as does jazz, especially Bebop jazz from the 1940s, in which the key or \"home note\" of a song may change every four bars or even every two bars. Rhythm is the arrangement of sounds and silences in time. Meter animates time in regular pulse groupings, called measures or bars, which in Western classical, popular and traditional music often",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "247244",
"score": "1.0780495",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Harrison Birtwistle",
"text": "distorted as the piece of music progresses. The core music forms a reference point to which everything else is directed, even when we are walking in a completely different direction. Sometimes we will be less aware that it is the same musical material we are hearing; sometimes we may have been listening for a while before realising that we have heard this music before (just as one might have been looking up the street before realising that it is the town square that can be glimpsed through the traffic). He is \"not\", therefore, suggesting that we imagine this walk through",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1392492",
"score": "1.0711145",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "instruments are called \"transposing\" when their written notes differ from concert pitch.) A key relationship is the relationship between keys, measured by common tone and nearness on the circle of fifths. See closely related key. The key usually identifies the tonic note and/or chord: the note and/or major or minor triad that represents the final point of rest for a piece, or the focal point of a section. Though the key of a piece may be named in the title (e.g., Symphony in C major), or inferred from the key signature, the establishment of key is brought about via functional",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794430",
"score": "1.0693403",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "\"feel\" the key created by the tuning of its intervals. Historical irregular musical temperaments usually have the narrowest fifths between the diatonic notes (\"naturals\") producing purer thirds, and wider fifths among the chromatic notes (\"sharps and flats\"). Each key then has a slightly different intonation, hence different keys have distinct characters. Such \"key coloration\" was an essential part of much eighteenth- and nineteenth-century music and was described in treatises of the period. For example, in tunings with a wolf fifth, the key on the lowest note of the fifth sounds dramatically different from other keys (and is often avoided). In",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794439",
"score": "1.0661027",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Key signature",
"text": "may consist of one or more sharps combined with one or more flats (such as a signature containing both F and B). Key signatures of this kind can be found in the music of Béla Bartók, for example. The effect of a key signature continues throughout a piece or movement, unless explicitly cancelled by another key signature. For example, if a five-sharp key signature is placed at the beginning of a piece, every A in the piece in any octave will be played as A sharp, unless preceded by an accidental (for instance, the A in scale 2 illustrated –",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "235373",
"score": "1.0649661",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Numbered musical notation",
"text": "previous and present key signatures. The time signature is written as a horizontal fraction: codice_6, codice_7, codice_8, codice_9, etc. It is usually placed after the key signature. Change of time signature within the piece of music may be marked in-line or above the line of music. Some pieces that start with cadenza passages are not marked with time signatures until the end of that passage, even if the passage uses dotted barlines (in which case time is usually implied). Sometimes a piece is written with multiple time signatures simultaneously. For example, it might specify codice_10, meaning that the length of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3592089",
"score": "1.0635034",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Atonality",
"text": "in one key or another\" . Composer Walter Piston, on the other hand, said that, out of long habit, whenever performers \"play any little phrase they will hear it in some key—it may not be the right one, but the point is they will play it with a tonal sense. ... [T]he more I feel I know Schoenberg's music the more I believe he thought that way himself. ... And it isn't only the players; it's also the listeners. They will hear tonality in everything\" . Donald Jay Grout similarly doubted whether atonality is really possible, because \"any combination of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "561365",
"score": "1.063418",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Off-key",
"text": "some portion of notes have well defined intervals to. In jazz and blues music, certain notes called \"blue note\"s are deliberately sung somewhat flat for expressive effect. Examples include the words \"Thought He Was a Goner\" in the song \"And the Cat Came Back\" and the words \"Yum Yum\" in the children's song \"Five Green and Speckled Frogs.\" Off-key Off-key is musical content that is not at the expected frequency or pitch period, either with respect to some absolute reference frequency, or in a ratiometric sense (i.e. through removal of exactly one degree of freedom, such as the frequency of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6996559",
"score": "1.0628918",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "corresponding scale, and conventional progressions of these chords, particularly cadences, orient the listener around the tonic. The key signature is not always a reliable guide to the key of a written piece. It does not discriminate between a major key and its relative minor; the piece may modulate to a different key; if the modulation is brief, it may not involve a change of key signature, being indicated instead with accidentals. Occasionally, a piece in a mode such as Mixolydian or Dorian is written with a major or minor key signature appropriate to the tonic, and accidentals throughout the piece.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794428",
"score": "1.0628856",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Music of Changes",
"text": "standard notation are used to indicate unconventional performance techniques: some notes are depressed but not sounded, some are played on the strings rather than the keys, occasionally the pianist hits various parts of the instrument with specially provided beaters, or snaps the lid to produce a sharp percussive sound. Cage remarks in the foreword to the score that in many places \"the notation is irrational; in such instances the performer is to employ his own discretion.\" The dynamics of the piece range from ffff to pppp. Music of Changes Music of Changes is a piece for solo piano by John",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11148652",
"score": "1.0628192",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Dynamics (music)",
"text": "change these as needed. Apple's Logic Pro 9 (2009-2013) and Avid's Sibelius 5 (2007-2009) use the following values: Sibelius 5 defines the following values, though these may be adjusted in Sibelius, within the range 0-127: The two basic dynamic indications in music are: More subtle degrees of loudness or softness are indicated by: Use of up to three consecutive s or s is also common: Three Italian words are used to show gradual changes in volume: Signs sometimes referred to as \"hairpins\" are also used to stand for these words (See image). If the angle lines open up (), then",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1740766",
"score": "1.0597413",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Key signature",
"text": "be changed at any time in a piece, usually at the beginning of a measure, simply by notating the new signature, although if the new signature has no sharps or flats, a signature of naturals, as shown, is needed to cancel the preceding signature. If a change in signature occurs at the start of a new line on the page, where a signature would normally appear anyway, the new signature is customarily repeated at the end of the previous line to make the change more conspicuous. In traditional use, when the key signature change goes from sharps to flats or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "235379",
"score": "1.0578063",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "Pythagorean tuning on C (C, E+, G: 4, 5, 6), the major triad on C is just while the major triad on E+++ (F) is noticeably out of tune (E+++, A+, C: , 5, 6) due to E+++ (521.44 cents) being a Pythagorean comma (23.46 cents) larger sharp compared to F. Modern music lacks key coloration because it uses equal temperament, in which all keys have the same pattern of intonation, differing only in pitch. Key (music) In music theory, the key of a piece is the group of pitches, or scale, that forms the basis of a music composition",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794440",
"score": "1.0561807",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Compositions 1960",
"text": "keyboard cover without making, from the operation, any sound that is audible to you. Try as many times as you like. The piece is over either when you succeed or you decide to stop trying. It is not necessary to explain to the audience. Simply do what you do and, when the piece is over, indicate it in a customary way. The entirety of this piece consists of the text: Most of them were very old grasshoppers. In this way, the piece is more like a poem, where it is up to the performer to decide how to perform the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18466089",
"score": "1.0542626",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Music",
"text": "hold the bow differently). The physical characteristics of sound that determine the perception of timbre include the spectrum, envelope and overtones of a note or musical sound. For electric instruments developed in the 20th century, such as electric guitar, electric bass and electric piano, the performer can also change the tone by adjusting equalizer controls, tone controls on the instrument, and by using electronic effects units such as distortion pedals. The tone of the electric Hammond organ is controlled by adjusting drawbars. Expressive qualities are those elements in music that create change in music without changing the main pitches or",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "247250",
"score": "1.0531423",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Music",
"text": "piece can evolve and change. In classical music, instrumental performers, singers or conductors may gradually make changes to the phrasing or tempo of a piece. In popular and traditional music, the performers have a lot more freedom to make changes to the form of a song or piece. As such, in popular and traditional music styles, even when a band plays a cover song, they can make changes to it such as adding a guitar solo to or inserting an introduction. A performance can either be planned out and rehearsed (practiced)—which is the norm in classical music, with jazz big",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "247292",
"score": "1.0528198",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Off-key",
"text": "Off-key Off-key is musical content that is not at the expected frequency or pitch period, either with respect to some absolute reference frequency, or in a ratiometric sense (i.e. through removal of exactly one degree of freedom, such as the frequency of a keynote), or pitch intervals not well-defined in the ratio of small whole numbers. The term may also refer to a person or situation being out of step with what is considered normal or appropriate. A single note deliberately played or sung off-key can be called an \"off-note\". It is sometimes used the same way as a blue",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6996557",
"score": "1.0504029",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Key (music)",
"text": "music actually sounds as a B major scale when played on the B-flat clarinet—that is, notes sound a whole tone lower than written. Likewise, the horn, normally in the key of F, sounds notes a perfect fifth lower than written. Similarly, some instruments are \"built\" in a certain key. For example, a brass instrument built in B plays a fundamental note of B, and can play notes in the harmonic series starting on B without using valves, fingerholes, or slides to alter the length of the vibrating column of air. An instrument built in a certain key often, but not",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "794437",
"score": "1.0495195",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
}
] |
{
"title": "Music theory",
"long_answer": "In traditional Western notation, the scale used for a composition is usually indicated by a key signature at the beginning to designate the pitches that make up that scale. As the music progresses, the pitches used may change and introduce a different scale. Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. This often affects the music's overall sound, as well as having technical implications for the performers.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Music can be transposed from one scale to another for various purposes, often to accommodate the range of a vocalist. Such transposition raises or lowers the overall pitch range, but preserves the intervallic relationships of the original scale. For example, transposition from the key of C major to D major raises all pitches of the scale of C major equally by a whole tone. Since the interval relationships remain unchanged, transposition may be unnoticed by a listener, however other qualities may change noticeably because transposition changes the relationship of the overall pitch range compared to the range of the instruments or voices that perform the music. ",
"short_answers": [
"transposed",
"transposition"
]
}
|
who was allowed to vote in the roman republic
|
[
"unknown",
"citizens"
] |
[
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Gabinius, the first person of that name known to hold political office in Rome, was from a family that had low-status (possibly slave origins) in Cales, and was able to enter politics due to the military success of his father. The reasons behind the law are unclear, as are the circumstances surrounding its passage. It is thought that this law was adopted following the acquittal that L. Aurelius Cotta obtained by corrupting the judges in 138 BC. According to the Cambridge Ancient History, the law was undoubtedly justified as giving freedom to the people, but may have also have been",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385853",
"score": "1.079002",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "hands with the eligible voters. Whispering into the ear of some candidates would be a \"nomenclator\", a slave who had been trained to memorize the names of all the voters, so that the candidate could greet them all by name. The person running for office would wear an especially whitened toga, known as the \"toga candida\". It is from this term that we get the modern word candidate. Some candidates may have extended their canvassing to the rural markets around Rome, once those outside the city were allowed to vote. Political rallies were not permitted in Roman elections. To attract",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19222471",
"score": "1.0652831",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "was political support, which included campaigning for the patron and voting for him in elections. Another major source of influence was largess (largitio), also called ambitus. In an attempt to buy votes, candidates would hold lavish banquets and games, or even directly bribe voters with wine, oil, or money. For example, Titus Annius Milo, when canvasing for the consulate in 53 BC, promised each voter in the tribes 1000 asses. In the course of the second century BC, a long series of laws were passed to crack down on ambitus. This included the \"lex Orchia\" of 182 BC, which restricted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385849",
"score": "1.0070138",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic The ballot laws of the Roman Republic (Latin: \"leges tabellariae\") were four laws which introduced the secret ballot to all popular assemblies in the republic. They were all introduced by tribunes, and consisted of the \"lex Gabinia tabellaria\" (or \"lex Gabinia\") of 139 BC, applying to the election of magistrates; the \"lex Cassia tabellaria\" of 137 BC, applying to juries except in cases of treason; the \"lex Papiria\" of 131 BC, applying to the passing of laws; and the \"lex Caelia\" of 107 BC, which expanded the \"lex Cassia\" to include matters of treason.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385836",
"score": "1.0046568",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "intended to curb bribery of voters by candidates. Ursula Hall believes that the law \"was undoubtedly largely supported by men of substance wanting to challenge aristocratic control of office. In purpose this law was not, in a modern sense, 'democratic', not designed to give more power to voters, much less candidates, from lower ranks in the Roman system.\" Hall and Harris both claim because literacy was uncommon in ancient Rome and the written ballot would have required literacy, the Gabinian law must have restricted voting to a small and prosperous minority, with Harris suggesting that this was intentional. However, Alexander",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385854",
"score": "0.9933728",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "under Augustus this power was exercised more and more rarely. Rome became an autocratic state in all but name, and the ballot laws became irrelevant to the running of the state. Ballot laws of the Roman Republic The ballot laws of the Roman Republic (Latin: \"leges tabellariae\") were four laws which introduced the secret ballot to all popular assemblies in the republic. They were all introduced by tribunes, and consisted of the \"lex Gabinia tabellaria\" (or \"lex Gabinia\") of 139 BC, applying to the election of magistrates; the \"lex Cassia tabellaria\" of 137 BC, applying to juries except in cases",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385875",
"score": "0.99266267",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "law that the optimates dreaded the \"impetuosity of the masses and the licence accorded by the ballot\" on matters affecting their safety, wrote: \"as long as he [Coelius] lived he repented of having injured the republic, for the purpose of oppressing Caius Popilius\". The ballot itself was a small wooden tablet covered with wax, called a \"tabella cerata\". Voters would walk across a narrow causeway, called the \"pons\", and be handed a ballot by an attendant (\"rogator\"). The voter would mark the ballot and deposit it into a ballot box (\"cista\") made of wicker. The \"cista\" was watched over by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385864",
"score": "0.987666",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Italy. In 145 BC, a bill by the tribune L. Licinius Crassus proposed that priesthoods be elected instead of co-opted. While advocating for his proposal, he pointedly turned his back on the senators in the comitium and spoke directly to the people in the Roman Forum. The only detailed ancient account of the ballot laws is Cicero's De Legibus (III. 33-9). Written in the last years of the Republic, De Legibus is a fictional dialogue between Cicero, his brother Quintus, and their mutual friend Atticus. In the dialogue, the three discuss their conception of the ideal Roman constitution. In Book",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385851",
"score": "0.9855367",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "peace. Voting by the Roman people, therefore, was critical to the functioning of the Republic. It was necessary not only for elections, but also for legislative and judicial reasons. Before the ballot laws were introduced, votes were conducted by voice. Voters in a certain century or tribe would gather together in a venue and express their preference, one by one, to a teller (\"rogator\"). The teller would tabulate the votes and announce the result to the presiding official. Votes were therefore impossible to keep secret. Although there are few recorded instances of direct voter intimidation, a variety of social pressures",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385847",
"score": "0.9824213",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Publius Furius Medullinus Fusus",
"text": "Publius Furius Medullinus Fusus Publius Furius Medullinus Fusus (d. 464 BC). was a Roman politician during the 5th century BC, and was consul in 472 BC. He was a member of the \"gens Furia\", and was the brother of Spurius Furius Medullinus Fusus (consul 464 BC). In 472 BC he was elected consul with Lucius Pinarius Mamercinus Rufus. During their consulship, tribune of the plebs Volero Publilius proposed a law (\"Rogato Publilia\") that plebeian tribunes should be elected by the Tribal Assembly; Volero Pubilius proposed this new system so that patricians and their clients would be excluded from the voting,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19984934",
"score": "0.9815117",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "guards (\"custodes\"). It was a great honor to be asked to be a \"rogator\" or \"custos\", and only distinguished men were assigned to these roles. In addition to the guards appointed by the presiding officer, each candidate was entitled to a guard at each ballot box. To elect magistrates, voters expressed their preference by inscribing the initials of their preferred candidate with a stylus. They were expected to write in their own hand, and discovering multiple ballots with the same handwriting was considered evidence of fraud. When voting to fill multiple positions, such as the ten tribunes, it is unclear",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385865",
"score": "0.9814312",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Gnaeus Flavius (jurist)",
"text": "regarded merely as \"libertini\". His election shocked the traditional governing elite into enacting voter registration \"reforms\" designed to curtail the growing voting power of freedmen in Rome. As aedile, Flavius also displayed in the Forum a calendar indicating the \"dies fasti,\" those days on which legal business was permitted. Gnaeus Flavius (jurist) Gnaeus Flavius (\"fl.\" 4th century BC) was the son of a freedman (\"libertinus\") and rose to the office of aedile in the Roman Republic. Flavius was secretary (\"scriba\") to the consul Appius Claudius, a civil service job paid from the public treasury. The position allowed him to gain",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8467626",
"score": "0.979438",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Lex Licinia Mucia",
"text": "thwarted in the past. In the mid-2nd century Gaius Gracchus had attempted to grant rights to Latin allies: “He also called on the Latin allies to demand the full rights of Roman citizenship, since the Senate could not with decency refuse this privilege to men who were of the same race. To the other allies, who were not allowed to vote in Roman elections, he sought to give the right of suffrage, in order to have their help in the enactment of laws which he had in contemplation. The Senate was very much alarmed at this.”The result of this attempt",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11074151",
"score": "0.9788102",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "voters candidates instead held banquets and gave away free tickets to the games. To pay for these either a candidate had to be wealthy, or rely on the sponsorship of wealthy friends. There are cases of people going ruinously into debt to fund their campaigns. There were no attempts to restrict who could donate or how much, but there were several laws passed attempting to limit candidate spending on banquets and games. Public voting in Rome was originally a process that did not allow for a true choice from the people. After the Senate prepared a list of candidates, it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19222472",
"score": "0.9765639",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "threat of veto was unusual, since it was not customary for it to be applied on matters held to be in the plebeians' interest. Briso was apparently dissuaded from doing to by Scipio Aemilianus, perhaps displaying populares sentiments. Cassius was a noble Plebeian who would become consul in 127 BC and censor in 125 BC. Cicero writes of the opposition to this law: 133 BC was a turning point in Roman politics, marking the beginning of the crisis of the Roman Republic. In that year, Tiberius Gracchus was elected tribune and forced through a land redistribution law without consulting the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385857",
"score": "0.9741456",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "history of the Republic running and winning office was dominated by the elite families. The plebeian group, consisting mostly of rural farmers, gained greater political representation only slowly over time. By the middle of the 5th century BCE, the plebeians had gained enough political power that an assembly of them called the Concilium (a consolidation of a number of other disjointed plebeian assemblies) was able to elect ten tribunes, or representatives, annually. The Concilium was notable in that it was the first to represent all plebeians, not just those in the city. It was also one of few assemblies of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19222482",
"score": "0.9718311",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "then counted and announced in an order determined by lot. Once a candidate had reached a majority of 18 tribes, counting would stop. Voting itself was originally oral and initiated via a magistrate’s call for public meeting. Candidates would stand before the electorate, without having prepared any sort of formal speech, and voters would separate to different sections of the saepta (a large unroofed wooden structure with 35 divisions) according to tribe. Each division was connected to the magistrate’s tribunal by a pons (plank) over which the voters would pass to cast their ballots. Each compartment had their votes taken",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19222468",
"score": "0.9712799",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "The 130s and 120s BC were a turning point for Roman politics. The ballot laws were introduced at a time of rising popular sentiment that saw the rise of populares politicians, who gained power by appealing to the lower classes. Most notably, these included Tiberius Gracchus in 133 BC and Gaius Gracchus a decade later. The resulting conflict between populares and optimates would lead to the dissolution of political norms and the rise of political violence. Within decades, mob violence, political assassination, and even civil war would become routine. These conflicts would cause the end of the republic in 27",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385840",
"score": "0.96875346",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "reduced voter freedom. For example, both centuries and tribes were based on geographic location, so voters voted with the people most likely to know them. The \"rogator\" himself was a man of distinction, such as a Senator. Voters might be reluctant to offend their family, their landlords, or their military commanders. More significantly, Rome had a strong system of patronage. In this system, a wealthy patron would support his less wealthy client with food, money, business advice, and legal assistance. In exchange, the client would grant the patron favors in his personal and public life. One of the most significant",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385848",
"score": "0.9664378",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Socii",
"text": "citizenship. But annexations outside Latium Vetus soon gathered pace. The Romans then encountered the problem that their new subjects could, if granted full Roman citizenship, outnumber original Latins in the citizen body, threatening Rome's ethnic and cultural integrity. The problem as solved by introducing \"civitas sine suffragio\" (\"non-voting citizenship\"), a second-class status which carried all the rights and obligations of full citizenship except the right to vote. By this device, the Roman republic could enlarge its territory without losing its character as a Latin city-state. The most important use of this device was the incorporation of the Campanian city-states into",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11648124",
"score": "0.9632277",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "a ballot inscribed with \"V\" into a cista, indicating approval of a proposal. The ballot laws had various effects on the republic. In the traditional view, they were a democratic reform that increased voter choice and reduced the influence of the upper classes. This is the view taken by Cicero, an aristocrat and opponent of the ballot laws: This reduction in influence was especially true for patrons and clients, as clients were expected to do favors for their patrons in return for financial support. With the secret ballot, clients could simply vote for the candidate of their choice without losing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385868",
"score": "0.96129704",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "by promising payment upon receiving their vote. With the secret ballot, this was no longer possible, making it necessary to bribe potential as well as actual voters. Furthermore, voters had the option of accepting bribes from every candidate and voting for the highest bidder, or voting their conscience. This made bribery a more competitive affair as candidates attempted to outbid each other, either by holding lavish games and feasts or by directly promising money to voters. Despite the expansion in voter freedom, the ballot laws did not reduce the aristocratic dominance of elections. The list of consuls and other elected",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385870",
"score": "0.96049285",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Quintus Mucius Scaevola Pontifex",
"text": "BC and consul in 95 BC. As consul, together with his relative Lucius Licinius Crassus he had a law (the \"Lex Licinia Mucia\") passed in the Senate that denied Roman citizenship to certain groups within the Roman sphere of influence (\"Italians\" and \"Latins\"). The passage of this law was one of the major contributing factors to the Social War. Scaevola was next made governor of Asia, a position in which he became renowned for his harsh treatment of corrupt tax collectors, and for publishing an edict that later became a standard model for provincial administration. Cicero, for instance, modelled his",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5327762",
"score": "0.95825946",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Lucius Sextius",
"text": "were to be plebeians. The law was passed, and five patrician priests and five plebeian ones were duly elected. According to Livy, \"Satisfied with their victory, the plebs gave way to the patricians, and relinquishing for the moment discussion about the consuls, permitted the election of military tribunes [with consular power].\" Still in 367 BC, Marcus Furius Camillus was appointed dictator because of an attack by the Gauls of northern Italy. According to Livy, on his return to Rome after defeating the Gauls, Camillus \"was confronted with a fiercer opposition in the City. After desperate struggles the senate and the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5762972",
"score": "0.95815223",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Yakobson argues that the Gabinian law was a genuine piece of popular legislation benefiting a broad section of the electorate. He points out that the law applied equally to the Tribal Assembly, which had no property qualification, as it did to the Centuriate Assembly. He additionally claims that the level of literacy necessary for voting was low as voters only had to write the initials of the preferred candidate. The assumption that literacy was low is itself controversial. In fact, Edward Best flipped the argument around, using the ballot laws as evidence that literacy was widespread in Rome. Subsequent improvements",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385855",
"score": "0.9564501",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"text": "itself occurred either in the capital’s forum before the temple of Castor and Pollux or before the Rostra, although limited space prevented all the tribes from voting at once. A campaign would begin when the election day was announced by the magistrate in charge of elections. In 98 BCE the \"Lex Caecilia Didia\" set the campaign length between 17 and 25 days. A core campaign activity was canvassing in the Forum. The candidate would walk to the forum surrounded by a group of supporters, to meet another cluster of allies in the Forum. At the forum the candidate would shake",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19222470",
"score": "0.955705",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "Cassian law to cases of treason. In 107 BC, a Roman army under the consul Lucius Cassius Longinus was dealt a crushing defeat by the Tigurini at the Battle of Burdigala. His legate Gaius Popilius Laenas negotiated a humiliating agreement to save the lives of the soldiers. The agreement was considered unacceptable at Rome, and Coelius planned to prosecute him in an assembly of the people. Before he did so, he introduced the final ballot law. The law was passed and the prosecution was successful, resulting in Popilius being sentenced to exile. Cicero, who wrote in relation to the Cassian",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385863",
"score": "0.9554808",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC)",
"text": "history with young Claudius and Titus Livius. <BR> Gaius Asinius Pollio (consul 40 BC) Gaius Asinius Pollio (sometimes wrongly called Pollius or Philo; 75 BC – AD 4) was a Roman soldier, politician, orator, poet, playwright, literary critic and historian, whose lost contemporary history provided much of the material used by the historians Appian and Plutarch. Pollio was most famously a patron of Virgil and a friend of Horace and had poems dedicated to him by both men. Asinius Pollio was born in \"Teate Marrucinorum\", the modern current Chieti in Abruzzi, central Italy. According to an inscription his father was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "866917",
"score": "0.9550735",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "Ballot laws of the Roman Republic",
"text": "or extensions to the law were the \"lex Papiria\"(131 BC), the \"lex Maria\" and \"lex Caelia\" (107 BC), all aimed at limiting corruption. Together these laws are called \"leges tabellariae\". The second law was introduced by Lucius Cassius Longinus Ravilla in 137 BC; It extended the secret ballot for trials in the popular assembly. it mandated the secret ballot for judicial votes, with the exception of cases on treason. The passing of the law was resisted by the tribune M. Antius Briso who threatened to apply his veto, with the support of one of the consuls of the year. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20385856",
"score": "0.95500326",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
}
] |
{
"title": "Elections in the Roman Republic",
"long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"chunked_long_answer": "During the Roman Republic the citizens would elect almost all officeholders annually. Popular elections for high office were largely undermined and then brought to an end by Augustus (r. 27 BC - 14 AD), the first Roman emperor (earlier known as Octavian). However, Roman elections continued at the local, municipal level.",
"short_answers": [
"citizens"
]
}
|
when does the next warrior book come out
|
[
"April 10, 2018"
] |
[
{
"title": "Warrior's Return",
"text": "turned to the third volume. On the \"Warriors\" website, an excerpt was released, but later removed. \"Warrior’s Return\" was released as a paperback on April 22, 2008, the same day \"Outcast\" was released, a novel in the \"Warriors: Power of Three\" series. To promote these two stories, Erin Hunter went on tour in the US. She visited several bookstores across the states. \"Warrior’s Return\" was also published in the UK and Canada. At the back of \"Warrior's Return\" were promotions for \"The Rise of Scourge\", \"Cats of the Clans\", \"Secrets of the Clans\", and \"\", all from the \"Warriors\" series,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11874685",
"score": "1.0688243",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "by Kate Cary under the pseudonym \"Erin Hunter\" and was completed in about three months. Holmes then began to work behind the scenes, editing and supervising details. Cherith Baldry joined the team to write the third book, \"Forest of Secrets\". Later, after she wrote the first \"Warriors\" field guide, Tui Sutherland became the fourth Erin Hunter., there was also some rumors that said \"Warriors\" where also based of off a children's book from the 60's called: \"Forest dogs\" that had almost the same plot origins. The authors have named several other authors as sources of inspiration when writing the novels.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119955",
"score": "0.9979341",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "Warriors (novel series) Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins. It is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, and Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria Holmes, who collectively use the pseudonym Erin Hunter. The series follows the adventures of four, later five, clans of wild cats—ThunderClan, ShadowClan, WindClan, RiverClan, and SkyClan, who will not be introduced into the territories until \"A Vision of Shadows\" —in their forest and lake homes, who look up to StarClan, the spirits of their warriors ancestors, who guide the four clans. They also follow the warrior code, a set",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119947",
"score": "0.99670935",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "prophecies will be interpreted and as always, cats will die before the Clans know peace again. The fourth book, \"Darkest Night,\" was released on 7 November 2017. The fifth book, \"River of Fire\", was released on 10 April 2018. The sixth book, \"The Raging Storm\", was released on 6 November 2018. \"Warriors: The Broken Code\" is the seventh sub-series. The first book, \"Lost Stars\" will be released on 9 April 2019. Super Editions are stand alone books in the \"Warriors\" series that are approximately double the length of a normal \"Warriors\" book, about 500 pages long. Six field guides have",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119984",
"score": "0.98897207",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Warrior's Return",
"text": "Warrior's Return Warrior’s Return is an original English-language manga volume written by Erin Hunter as part of the \"Warriors\" series. It is the third and final in a trilogy following Graystripe, a fictional wild cat trying to find his Clan. It was released on April 22, 2008. It is drawn by James Barry. The three-part Graystripe manga series was announced as the first part of a partnership between TokyoPop and HarperCollins. Erin Hunter and Dan Jolley would write the stories and James L. Barry (artist's portfolio) would illustrate it. After the release of \"The Lost Warrior\" and \"Warrior's Refuge\", focus",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11874684",
"score": "0.9871044",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "an official iOS application and Android application was released on the iTunes App Store and Play store. It contains information about the books in the series, profiles of the Clans and major characters (including app-exclusive information such as the name of Firestar's mother), an interactive timeline and maps, two application-exclusive short stories, a trivia game, and even an amino. The app has been taken off the Google Play store. Warriors (novel series) Warriors is a series of novels published by HarperCollins. It is written by authors Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, and Tui Sutherland, with the plot developed by editor Victoria",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5120008",
"score": "0.98672664",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Warrior's Refuge",
"text": "Hunter and Dan Jolley, and illustrated by James L. Barry Artist's Portfolio. \"Warrior's Refuge\" was launched on December 26, 2007. Released on the same day was Dark River, the second book in the \"Warriors: Power of Three\" series. \"Warrior's Refuge\" has only been published as a paperback. School Library Journal gave the book a mixed review praising \"Millie's bravery\", but also criticizing how scratchy text used when humans talk seems very odd when used with the toddlers. The review also criticized how the \"artwork is merely competent and the story (which was not written by Hunter) is slight\". Warrior's Refuge",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10994742",
"score": "0.9852413",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Warrior's Return",
"text": "confusing for new readers, but would still be able to understand what is going on after reading through the book. Warrior's Return Warrior’s Return is an original English-language manga volume written by Erin Hunter as part of the \"Warriors\" series. It is the third and final in a trilogy following Graystripe, a fictional wild cat trying to find his Clan. It was released on April 22, 2008. It is drawn by James Barry. The three-part Graystripe manga series was announced as the first part of a partnership between TokyoPop and HarperCollins. Erin Hunter and Dan Jolley would write the stories",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11874690",
"score": "0.97429067",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Gerri Russell",
"text": "Title II contest, sponsored by \"Romantic Times Bookreviews\" magazine and Dorchester Publishing in 2006. Russell began writing when her daughter was three years old. Prior to selling \"The Warrior Trainer\" to Dorchester Publishing, Russell wrote seven novels, several partials and sought publication for thirteen years. For the November 2009 issue of \"RT Book Reviews Magazine\" (issue #309), Russell interviewed Diana Gabaldon about her seventh book in the \"Outlander\" series, An Echo in the Bone. A history buff from a young age, Russell's novels are based on real-life historic people from the early 14th century. Her goal is to not leave",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13629451",
"score": "0.9693217",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Victoria Holmes",
"text": "Victoria Holmes Victoria \"Vicky\" Holmes is an English author. She is better known as Erin Hunter, a pseudonym under which she and many others wrote the New York Times Bestselling \"Warriors\" books. The books consisting of six miniseries: \"Warriors\", \"Warriors: The New Prophecy\", \"Warriors: Power of Three\", \"Warriors: Omen of the Stars\", \"Warriors: Dawn of the Clans\" and \"Warriors: Vision of Shadows\" as well as several short plays, novels, and special editions, written by Kate Cary, Cherith Baldry, Tui Sutherland, Gillian Phillip, and newest addition Inbali Iserles under the pen name Erin Hunter, and published by HarperCollins. Holmes creates the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10532283",
"score": "0.9628644",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "with the exception of the manga, has been released in e-book format for popular e-readers such as the Barnes & Noble Nook and Amazon Kindle. The series has also been translated into several languages. In addition, the series has a website featuring games, promotional videos, quizzes, and news. The official message boards closed on 12 August 2016. Major themes in the series deal with adventure, forbidden love, the concept of nature vs. nurture, the reactions of different faiths meeting each other, and characters being a mix of good and bad. The authors draw inspiration from several natural locations and other",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119952",
"score": "0.96246696",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Warrior of Light (novel)",
"text": "Warrior of Light (novel) Warrior of Light is a 2016 fantasy novel by William Heinzen. It takes inspiration from high fantasy novels, especially the Lord of the Rings Trilogy. The book itself consisted of an elapse of almost 20 years, as Heinzen began writing in the sixth grade, and finished the book in his last year of college, and would not publish it for years after. The book is sold at multiple bookstores, and Heinzen also attends conventions like Comic-Con to sell books in person. Tim Matthias is the son of Rosalie and Daniel and is the chosen hero who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20674646",
"score": "0.9561831",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "books have been published in Poland. The \"Warriors\" website features \"Warriors\" screensavers, along with videos on the process of writing a manga book and a video promoting \"The Last Hope\". There is also a \"How To Draw Manga\" page. In addition, there are games, including quizzes, the \"New Prophecy Adventure\", and the \"Warriors Adventure Game\". On the Frequently Asked Questions section of the site, Erin Hunter said that they are working on an online game that would be released in late 2010. It finished the first round of testing in summer 2010, but has not been released. Whether it will",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5120000",
"score": "0.9483848",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Warrior's Refuge",
"text": "Warrior's Refuge Warrior’s Refuge is the second in an original English-language manga trilogy based on the best-selling book series \"Warriors\" by Erin Hunter. The manga was published by the distributor Tokyopop, and was released on December 26, 2007 along with Dark River, the second book in \"Warriors: Power of Three\". It follows Graystripe and Millie as they journey to find ThunderClan. It is drawn by James Barry. The book opens with a short summary of the past events of the previous book, The Lost Warrior. Coming to the current time, Graystripe and his traveling companion, Millie, can see Highstones in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10994738",
"score": "0.94306755",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Young Samurai: The Way of the Warrior",
"text": "a month. As of 2017,\"The Way of the Warrior\" has been reprinted 26 times. Seven further books followed, with a ninth - \"The Return of the Warrior\" - being published for the series' tenth anniversary in 2018. The series has sold in excess of 1 million copies worldwide. \"The Way of the Warrior\" has garnered more than 20 children's book award nominations and wins, including the Northern Ireland Book Award 2011. For the 70th anniversary of Puffin Books, \"The Way of the Warrior\" was deemed one of Puffin's 70 Best Ever Books, alongside Treasure Island and Robin Hood. Since publication,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12315361",
"score": "0.9421371",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "The Warrior Prophet",
"text": "review, writing that the book suffered from Bakker having only one year to write the novel and that \"\"The Warrior Prophet\" is a good book; with more stringent editing, it could have brilliant. That said, it still leaves most of the competition trailing.\" The Warrior Prophet The Warrior Prophet is the second book in the \"Prince of Nothing\" series by R. Scott Bakker. It was first published in hardback on January 13, 2005 through The Overlook Press and was released in paperback in 2008. It was preceded by the 2003 book \"The Darkness That Comes Before\" and the trilogy concluded",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4460398",
"score": "0.94076765",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "was nominated for the best Middle Readers book in Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2007) and placed sixth out of the ten nominees, with six percent of the total votes. It was also nominated for the Children's Choice Book Awards. In 2006, \"Warriors\" also received an honorable mention for the best book series for \"Publisher Weekly's\" \"On the Cuff\" awards. Themes in the series often revolve around forbidden love. These relationships are not allowed for various reasons: some involve medicine cats, who are not allowed to have mates according to the warrior code, while others develop between cats in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119991",
"score": "0.9381372",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "third story arc left off. The fifth sub-series \"Warriors: Dawn of the Clans\", was published from 2013 to 2015. The sub-series acts as a prequel series, detailing the formation of the Clans. The sixth and most recent sub-series, \"Warriors: A Vision of Shadows,\" had its final book released on 6 November 2018, completing the \"A Vision of Shadows\" series. The first book of the sixth series, \"The Apprentice's Quest\", was released on 15 March 2016, and the second book, \"Thunder and Shadow\", was released on 6 September 2016. Chronologically, \"Warriors: A Vision of Shadows\" follows \"Warriors: Omen of the Stars,\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119949",
"score": "0.93416876",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Holy Warrior",
"text": "it’s a darn sight better than a lot of rubbish that is passed off as a book these days\". In a review for \"Falcata Time\", Gareth Wilson states that the Outlaw Chronicles are \"a great series to use as a bridging gap between the Young adult and Adult market and one that will definitely become a firm fav.\". Holy Warrior Holy Warrior is the second novel of the eight-part \"Outlaw Chronicles\" series by British writer of historical fiction, Angus Donald, released on 22 July 2010 through Little, Brown and Company. The novel was well received. This novel continues the story",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16032555",
"score": "0.9336739",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Terry Irving (producer)",
"text": "his intended series “Freelancer.” He wrote an accompanying screenplay to Courier, which reportedly piqued the interests of several Hollywood production firms. The book's follow-up, \"Warrior\", was published under Ronin Robot Press on July 1, 2015. In April 2015, he published his second novel, \"Day of the Dragonking\", on Amazon. He plans to make this novel the first entry in a series entitled “The Last American Wizard.” Terry Irving (producer) Terry Irving is a producer, consultant, and author. He has spent decades in the media industry and, within the last few years, has expanded his talents to the writing world. Irving's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18885246",
"score": "0.9313582",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Warriors: The New Prophecy",
"text": "twolegs by the clans) destroy their original territories. The arc's major themes deal with forbidden love, the concept of nature versus nurture, and characters being a mix of good and bad. Though the novels have appeared on the \"New York Times\" Bestseller List and have been nominated for several awards, none of the novels in \"Warriors: The New Prophecy\" have won a significant literary award. The series was written by Erin Hunter, a pseudonym used by authors Cherith Baldry, Kate Cary, Tui Sutherland, and series editor Victoria Holmes. The pseudonym is used so that the individual novels in the series",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17396281",
"score": "0.9300566",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "leader Firestar, who discover that they have a special power. The fourth series, \"Warriors: Omen of the Stars\", was released from 2009 to 2012 and consists of six books: \"The Fourth Apprentice\" \"(November 24, 2009)\", \"Fading Echoes\" \"(March 23, 2010)\", \"Night Whispers\" \"(November 23, 2010)\", \"Sign of the Moon\" \"(April 5, 2011)\", \"The Forgotten Warrior\" \"(November 22, 2011)\", and \"The Last Hope\" \"(April 3, 2012)\". It is a direct continuation of \"\", wherein Hollyleaf dies and Dovewing replaces her. The fifth series, \"Warriors: Dawn of the Clans\", was released from 5 March 2013 to 1 September 2015 and consists of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119971",
"score": "0.9291214",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Warrior (TV series)",
"text": "daughter, Shannon Lee announced that the series would be produced and would air on the Cinemax and the filmmaker Justin Lin was chosen to direct the series. Production began on October 22, 2017 in Cape Town, South Africa. The first season will contain 10 episodes. Warrior (TV series) Warrior is an upcoming American action television series created by Jonathan Tropper and Justin Lin set to air on Cinemax beginning in 2019. It is based on an original idea by Bruce Lee. Set at the times of the Tong Wars in the late 1800s in San Francisco, the series follows a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20384456",
"score": "0.9279962",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Firestar's Quest",
"text": "Hunter has said the novel was a chance to explore the old territories, which had been left behind in the \"Warriors: The New Prophecy\" series. To promote the book, an excerpt was released online on the Warriors website, and later at the back of the \"Warriors\" manga volume \"Warrior's Refuge\". AuthorTracker emails mentioned increasingly \"Firestar’s Quest\" as the launch date approached. The book was also commonly mentioned in the author chats on Wands and Worlds. All of the \"Warriors\" novels are listed as being written by Erin Hunter. Erin Hunter is a pen name for four people, Victoria Holmes, who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11747203",
"score": "0.92739016",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "series, \"Warriors: Power of Three\", was released from 2007 to 2009 and consists of six books: \"The Sight\" \"(April 24, 2007)\", \"Dark River\" \"(December 26, 2007)\", \"Outcast\" \"(April 22, 2008)\", \"Eclipse\" \"(September 2, 2008)\", \"Long Shadows\" \"(November 25, 2008)\", and \"Sunrise\" \"(April 21, 2009)\". The plot is centered on the prophecy, \"\"There will be three, kin of your kin, who hold the power of the stars in their paws\"\", which was given to Firestar in \"Firestar's Quest\" by Skywatcher. The series revolves around the lives of Jayfeather, Lionblaze and Hollyleaf, kits of Crowfeather and Leafpool and grandchildren of the ThunderClan",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5119970",
"score": "0.9248721",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Warrior (2011 film)",
"text": "his second tour to Afghanistan, when another Marine told him a \"heroic story\" of the way Pennington saved his life during a night raid. Hardy went through a demanding training routine for gaining muscle during the film's pre-production, gaining around 28 pounds (13 kg) of muscle (a physique which he also used to portray Bane in \"The Dark Knight Rises\"). The \"Men of Warrior\" book was released on July 19, 2011. Lionsgate's \"We Are All Warriors\" project to support the release of \"Warrior\" by highlighting everyday heroes was launched August 1, 2011. \"Warrior\" debuted in third place in its first",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13233135",
"score": "0.92342705",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Young Samurai: The Way of the Warrior",
"text": "to the first three books in the \"Young Samurai\" series were acquired by Puffin Books in a three-way auction in 2007. Disney then bought the US publishing rights in the same year in a pre-emptive deal prior to the Frankfurt Book Fair. The translation rights to the series have since been sold to over 20 different territories, including Germany, Vietnam, Poland, Netherlands and Serbia. The first book, \"The Way of the Warrior\", was published in the UK in August 2008 and in the USA in early March 2009. The first print run in the UK sold out in less than",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12315360",
"score": "0.91862047",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Warrior Nun Areala",
"text": "Warrior Nun Areala Warrior Nun Areala is a manga-style American comic book character created by Ben Dunn and published by Antarctic Press, first appearing in \"Warrior Nun Areala\" Vol. 1 #1 in December 1994. The story revolves around Sister Shannon Masters, a Joan of Arc like heroine of the Order of the Cruciform Sword, a fictional military order of Warrior Nuns and Magic Priests in service of the Catholic Church. The order was created in 1066 when a Valkyrie named Auria renounced her pagan ways and turned to Jesus Christ for salvation; ever since then, Auria, now Areala, has chosen",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8694262",
"score": "0.91808856",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"text": "be a role-playing game is unknown. Erin Hunter has stated on the official \"Warriors\" website that there is still no plan for an official video game, but if there was, it would probably be based on a movie version of the \"Warriors\" series, which was at the time not under consideration. Many fans have resorted to making their own games and websites, many of these sites being Play-by-post role-playing game forums. On 20 October 2016, Victoria Holmes announced that Alibaba Pictures had bought the production rights for a film adaptation with David Heyman as producer. On 14 May 2018 it",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5120001",
"score": "0.9166565",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
}
] |
{
"title": "Warriors (novel series)",
"long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"chunked_long_answer": "The fifth book, River of Fire, is scheduled to be released on April 10, 2018.",
"short_answers": [
"April 10, 2018"
]
}
|
blood alcohol concentration means the parts of alcohol in the blood in relation to what
|
[
"volume of blood",
"ethanol"
] |
[
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "per mass of blood (never a volume per volume). 1 milliliter of blood has a mass of approximately 1.06 grams. Because of this, units by volume are similar but not identical to units by mass. In the U.S. the concentration unit 1% w/v (percent mass/volume, equivalent to 10 g/l or 1 g per 100 ml) is in use. This is not to be confused with the amount of alcohol measured on the breath, as with a breathalyzer. The amount of alcohol measured on the breath is generally accepted as proportional to the amount of alcohol present in the blood at",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57732",
"score": "1.099459",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "To calculate estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (EBAC), a variation, including drinking period in hours, of the Widmark formula was used. The formula is: where: Regarding metabolism (MR) in the formula; females demonstrated a higher average rate of elimination (mean, 0.017; range, 0.014–0.021 g/210 L) than males (mean, 0.015; range, 0.013–0.017 g/210 L). Female subjects on average had a higher percentage of body fat (mean, 26.0; range, 16.7–36.8%) than males (mean, 18.0; range, 10.2–25.3%). Additionally, men are, on average, heavier than women but it is not strictly accurate to say that the water content of a person alone is responsible",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57729",
"score": "1.0576433",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Beer",
"text": "on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the beer and the timespan over which the consumption has taken place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%–0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgement and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09% to 0.25% causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "34420",
"score": "1.0562825",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "a rate of 1:2100. Therefore, a breathalyzer measurement of 0.10 mg/L of breath alcohol converts to 0.0001×2100 g/10dL, or 0.021 g/dL of blood alcohol (the units of the BAC in the United States). While a variety of units (or sometimes lack thereof) is used throughout the world, many countries use the g/L unit, which does not create confusion as percentages do. Usual units are highlighted in the table below. For purposes of law enforcement, blood alcohol content is used to define intoxication and provides a rough measure of impairment. Although the degree of impairment may vary among individuals with the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57733",
"score": "1.0305526",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Drug–impaired driving",
"text": "concentration of eight one-hundredths percent (.08%) or more for persons who are above the legal age to purchase alcoholic beverages under state law, or two one-hundredths percent (.02%) or more for persons who are below the legal age to purchase alcoholic beverages under state law, in the person's blood based upon grams of alcohol per one hundred (100) milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per two hundred ten (210) liters of breath as shown by a chemical analysis of such person's breath, blood or urine administered as authorized by this chapter; (d) is under the influence of any drug",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16441775",
"score": "1.0265999",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Liquor",
"text": "in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the spirits and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria, increased self-confidence, and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4325787",
"score": "1.0256681",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Breathalyzer",
"text": "beer, or of wine.) Breath alcohol is a representation of the equilibrium of alcohol concentration as the blood gases (alcohol) pass from the (arterial) blood into the lungs to be expired in the breath. Arterial blood distributes oxygen throughout the body. Breath alcohol concentrations are generally lower than blood alcohol concentrations, because a true representation of blood alcohol concentration is only possible if the lungs were able to completely deflate. Vitreous (eye) fluid provides the most accurate account of blood alcohol concentration. A common defense to an impaired driving charge (in appropriate circumstances) is that the consumption of alcohol occurred",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4712068",
"score": "1.0253099",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "slightly higher than zero to account for false positives and naturally occurring alcohol in the body. Some of the following jurisdictions have a general prohibition of alcohol. In certain countries, alcohol limits are determined by the breath alcohol content (BrAC), not to be confused with blood alcohol content (BAC). Blood alcohol tests assume the individual being tested is average in various ways. For example, on average the ratio of blood alcohol content to breath alcohol content (the \"partition ratio\") is 2100 to 1. In other words, there are 2100 parts of alcohol in the blood for every part in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57735",
"score": "1.022999",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Alcohol intoxication",
"text": "person having an impulsive personality. Diagnosis is usually based on the history of events and physical examination. Verification of events by the people a person was with may be useful. Legally, alcohol intoxication is often defined as a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of greater than 5.4-17.4 mmol/L (25–80 mg/dL or 0.025-0.080%). This can be measured by blood or breath testing. Alcohol is then broken down at a rate of about 3.3 mmol/L (15 mg/dL) per hour. Management of alcohol intoxication involves supportive care. Typically this includes putting the person in the recovery position, keeping them warm, and making sure they",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "98266",
"score": "1.0196865",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Driving under the influence",
"text": "of alcohol in the blood by weight. Research shows an exponential increase of the relative risk for a crash with a linear increase of BAC as shown in the illustration. BAC does not depend on any units of measurement. In Europe it is usually expressed as milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood. However, 100 milliliters of blood weighs essentially the same as 100 milliliters of water, which weighs precisely 100 grams. Thus, for all practical purposes, this is the same as the simple dimensionless BAC measured as a percent. The per mille (\"promille\") measurement, which is equal to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2765128",
"score": "1.0184299",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "by projecting backwards from a later chemical test. This involves estimating the absorption and elimination of alcohol in the interim between driving and testing. The rate of elimination in the average person is commonly estimated at .015 to .020 grams per deciliter per hour (g/dl/h), although again this can vary from person to person and in a given person from one moment to another. Metabolism can be affected by numerous factors, including such things as body temperature, the type of alcoholic beverage consumed, and the amount and type of food consumed. In an increasing number of states, laws have been",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57742",
"score": "1.0159631",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Driving under the influence",
"text": "the term to refer to any generic device for estimating blood alcohol content . With the advent of a scientific test for BAC, law enforcement regimes moved from sobriety tests (e.g., asking the suspect to stand on one leg) to having more than a prescribed amount of blood alcohol content while driving. However, this does not preclude the simultaneous existence and use of the older subjective tests in which police officers measure the intoxication of the suspect by asking them to do certain activities or by examining their eyes and responses. BAC is most conveniently measured as a simple percent",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2765127",
"score": "0.9930608",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Breathalyzer",
"text": "BAC, then it measures weight of alcohol to volume of breath, so it will effectively measure grams of alcohol per 2100 ml of breath given. This measure is in direct proportion to the amount of grams of alcohol to every 1 ml of blood. Therefore, there is a 2100-to-1 ratio of alcohol in blood to alcohol in breath. However, this assumed partition ratio varies from 1300:1 to 3100:1 or wider among individuals and within a given individual over time. Assuming a true (and US legal) blood-alcohol concentration of .07%, for example, a person with a partition ratio of 1500:1 would",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4712056",
"score": "0.98277664",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Drug–impaired driving",
"text": "combination of such drugs, to a degree which impairs his ability to drive or operate any motor vehicle, engine or train safely, (iv) while such person is under the combined influence of alcohol and any drug or drugs to a degree which impairs his ability to drive or operate any motor vehicle, engine or train safely, or (v) while such person has a blood concentration of any of the following substances at a level that is equal to or greater than: (a) 0.02 milligrams of cocaine per liter of blood, (b) 0.1 milligrams of methamphetamine per liter of blood, (c)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16441784",
"score": "0.97805464",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "physiologically active materials are removed from the bloodstream (whether by metabolism or excretion) at a rate proportional to the current concentration, so that they exhibit exponential decay with a characteristic halflife (see pharmacokinetics). This is not true for alcohol, however. Typical doses of alcohol actually saturate the enzymes' capacity, so that alcohol is removed from the bloodstream at an approximately constant rate. This rate varies considerably between individuals. Another sex based difference is in the elimination of alcohol. People under 25, women or with liver disease may process alcohol more slowly. False High (BAC) readings are related to patients with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57738",
"score": "0.9746827",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Wine",
"text": "chemical that is present in beer and distilled spirits and as such, wine consumption has short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the wine and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "454956",
"score": "0.9702076",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "same blood alcohol content, it can be measured objectively and is therefore legally useful and difficult to contest in court. Most countries disallow operation of motor vehicles and heavy machinery above prescribed levels of blood alcohol content. Operation of boats and aircraft is also regulated. The alcohol level at which a person is considered legally impaired varies by country. The list below gives limits by country. These are typically blood alcohol content limits for the operation of a vehicle. It is illegal to have any measurable alcohol in the blood while driving in these countries. Most jurisdictions have a tolerance",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57734",
"score": "0.9665079",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Drug–impaired driving",
"text": "or controlled substance, the possession of which is unlawful under the Mississippi Controlled Substances Law; or (e) has an alcohol concentration of four one-hundredths percent (.04%) or more in the person's blood, based upon grams of alcohol per one hundred (100) milliliters of blood or grams of alcohol per two hundred ten (210) liters of breath as shown by a chemical analysis of such person's blood, breath or urine, administered as authorized by this chapter for persons operating a commercial motor vehicle.” Nevada - \"1. It is unlawful for any person who: 2. It is unlawful for any person who:",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16441776",
"score": "0.9564159",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Driving under the influence",
"text": "the specific threshold level, such as 0.08%, defines the criminal offense with no need to prove impairment. In some jurisdictions, there is an aggravated category of the offense at a higher BAC level, such as 0.12%, 0.15% or 0.25%. In many jurisdictions, police officers can conduct field tests of suspects to look for signs of intoxication. The US state of Colorado has a maximum blood content of THC for drivers who have consumed cannabis. Drinking enough alcohol to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03–0.12% typically causes a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2765125",
"score": "0.95599115",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Binge drinking",
"text": "Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) defines the term \"binge drinking\" as a pattern of drinking that brings a person’s blood alcohol concentration (BAC) to 0.08 grams percent or above. Whatever the numerical definition used, heavy drinking or rapid consumption over a short period of time with the intention of becoming intoxicated is often implied when the term is used colloquially, since four or five drinks consumed over the course of a whole day and as an accompaniment to meals will not have the same effects as the same amount consumed over a couple of hours on an empty stomach. An",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12551386",
"score": "0.94729877",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Alcoholic drink",
"text": "short-term psychological and physiological effects on the user. Different concentrations of alcohol in the human body have different effects on a person. The effects of alcohol depend on the amount an individual has drunk, the percentage of alcohol in the wine, beer or spirits and the timespan that the consumption took place, the amount of food eaten and whether an individual has taken other prescription, over-the-counter or street drugs, among other factors. Alcohol in carbonated drinks is absorbed faster than alcohol in non-carbonated drinks. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03%-0.12% typically causes an overall improvement",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12357482",
"score": "0.94461244",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "breath. However, the actual ratio in any given individual can vary from 1300:1 to 3100:1, or even more widely. This ratio varies not only from person to person, but within one person from moment to moment. Thus a person with a true blood alcohol level of .08% but a partition ratio of 1700:1 at the time of testing would have a .10 reading on a Breathalyzer calibrated for the average 2100:1 ratio. Alcohol is absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract, but more slowly in the stomach than in the small or large intestine. For this reason, alcohol consumed with food is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57736",
"score": "0.9418817",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Driving under the influence",
"text": "the blood alcohol level at which impairment is presumed is 0.08, although it is possible to be convicted of impaired driving with a lower blood alcohol level. For example, the state of California has two basic drunk driving laws with nearly identical criminal penalties: Under the first law, you may be convicted of impaired driving based upon your inability to safely operate a motor vehicle, no matter what your blood alcohol level. Under the second law, it is \"per se\" unlawful to drive with a blood alcohol level of .08 or greater. For commercial drivers, a BAC of 0.04 can",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2765163",
"score": "0.94145274",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Alcohol tolerance",
"text": "a buildup of fat and scar tissue. The reduced ability of such a liver to metabolize or break down alcohol means that small amounts can lead to a high blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and more rapid intoxication. Direct alcohol tolerance is largely dependent on body size. Large-bodied people will require more alcohol to reach insobriety than lightly built people. Thus men, being larger than women on average, will have a higher alcohol tolerance. The alcohol tolerance is also connected with activity of \"alcohol dehydrogenases\" (a group of enzymes responsible for the breakdown of alcohol) in the liver, and in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6309269",
"score": "0.9348787",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Unit of alcohol",
"text": "Unit of alcohol Units of alcohol are used in the United Kingdom (UK) as a measure to quantify the actual alcoholic content within a given volume of an alcoholic beverage, in order to provide guidance on total alcohol consumption. A number of other countries (including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the US) use the concept of a \"standard drink\", the definition of which varies from country to country, for the same purpose. \"Standard drinks\" were referred to in the first UK guidelines (1984) that published \"safe limits\" for drinking, but these were replaced by references to \"alcohol units\" in the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "19760",
"score": "0.93286836",
"original_retrieval_index": 35
},
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"text": "enacted to facilitate this speculative task: the blood alcohol content at the time of driving is legally presumed to be the same as when later tested. There are usually time limits put on this presumption, commonly two or three hours, and the defendant is permitted to offer evidence to rebut this presumption. Forward extrapolation can also be attempted. If the amount of alcohol consumed is known, along with such variables as the weight and sex of the subject and period and rate of consumption, the blood alcohol level can be estimated by extrapolating forward. Although subject to the same infirmities",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "57743",
"score": "0.9321912",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Alcoholism",
"text": "respiratory infections, or increased anxiety. Drinking enough to cause a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.03–0.12% typically causes an overall improvement in mood and possible euphoria (a \"happy\" feeling), increased self-confidence and sociability, decreased anxiety, a flushed, red appearance in the face and impaired judgment and fine muscle coordination. A BAC of 0.09% to 0.25% causes lethargy, sedation, balance problems and blurred vision. A BAC of 0.18% to 0.30% causes profound confusion, impaired speech (e.g. slurred speech), staggering, dizziness and vomiting. A BAC from 0.25% to 0.40% causes stupor, unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, vomiting (death may occur due to inhalation of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "32087",
"score": "0.93162906",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Standard drink",
"text": "(i.e. 12 ounces of 4.5% beer, 5 ounces of 11% wine, or 1.5 ounces of 35% liquor). However, this can vary with body weight, sex, age, personal metabolic rate, recent food intake, the type and strength of the alcohol, and medications taken. Alcohol may be metabolised more slowly if liver function is impaired. Explanatory notes Citations Standard drink A standard drink is a measure of alcohol consumption representing a hypothetical beverage which contains a fixed amount of pure alcohol. A standard drink varies in volume depending on the alcohol concentration of the beverage (for example, a standard drink of spirits",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3635115",
"score": "0.9247337",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Drunk driving law by country",
"text": "Drunk driving law by country The laws of driving under the influence vary between countries. One difference is the acceptable limit of blood alcohol content before a person is charged with a crime. The \"Criminal Law Amendment Act, 1968–69\" made it a per se offense to drive with a BAC in excess of 80 mg/100 ml of blood. Refusal of a police officer's demand to provide a breath sample was made an offence at the same time and both began as summary conviction offenses, with a mandatory minimum $50 fine. In the United States, the blood alcohol level at which",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13924671",
"score": "0.92313623",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
}
] |
{
"title": "Blood alcohol content",
"long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Blood alcohol concentration is usually expressed as a percentage of ethanol in the blood in units of mass of alcohol per volume of blood or mass of alcohol per mass of blood, depending on the country. For instance, in North America a BAC of 0.1 (0.1% or one tenth of one percent) means that there are 0.10 g of alcohol for every 100 mL of blood.",
"short_answers": [
"ethanol",
"volume of blood"
]
}
|
which greek god flew too close to the sun
|
[
"Icarus"
] |
[
{
"title": "Too Close to the Sun",
"text": "Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson, based on a play by Ron Read. The musical is a fictionalized account of the last days in the life of Ernest Hemingway. \"Too Close to the Sun\" began previews at the Comedy Theatre in the West End on 16 July 2009 and officially opened on 24 July. It received uniformly unfavourable reviews and closed on 8 August, bringing its planned eight-week run to an end six weeks early. Directed by Pat",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13575393",
"score": "1.0921538",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "Helios Helios (; \"Hēlios\"; Latinized as \"Helius\"; in Homeric Greek) is the god and personification of the Sun in Greek mythology. He is the son of the Titan Hyperion and the Titaness Theia (according to Hesiod), also known as Euryphaessa (in \"Homeric Hymn 31\") and brother of the goddesses Selene, the moon, and Eos, the dawn. Helios was described as a handsome young man crowned with the shining aureole of the Sun, who drove the chariot of the sun across the sky each day to earth-circling Oceanus and through the world-ocean returned to the East at night. In the \"Homeric",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766491",
"score": "1.0228515",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Too Close to the Sun",
"text": "on 'formulas which have proved capable of attracting a steady flow of ... customers.' There seems little danger of anyone taking \"Too Close to the Sun\" for one of these.\" Ben Dowell of \"thelondonpaper\" commented, \"Even literary giant Ernest Hemingway would be hard pressed to summon words damning enough to capture quite how appalling, risible and offensively drab John Robinson's musical – yes musical ... is.\" Dowell gave it a no-star rating. Too Close to the Sun Too Close to the Sun is a musical with a book by Roberto Trippini and music and lyrics by Trippini and John Robinson,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13575397",
"score": "0.9983716",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Dyeus",
"text": "late development exclusive to Mediterranean traditions, probably derived from syncretism with Canaanite deities and Perkwunos. The deity's original domain was over the daylight sky, and indeed reflexes emphasise this connection to light: Istanu (\"Tiyaz\") is a solar deity (though this name may actually refer to a female sun goddess), Helios is often referred to as the \"eye of Zeus\", in Romanian paganism the Sun is similarly called \"God's eye\" and in Indo-Iranian tradition Surya/Hvare-khshaeta is similarly associated with Ahura Mazda. Even in Roman tradition, Jupiter often is only associated with diurnal lightning at most, while Summanus is a deity responsible",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "3985658",
"score": "0.9961285",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Cygnus (constellation)",
"text": "sky next to his lyre (Lyra); and the King Cygnus was transformed into a swan. The Greeks also associated this constellation with the tragic story of Phaethon, the son of Helios the sun god, who demanded to ride his father's sun chariot for a day. Phaethon, however, was unable to control the reins, forcing Zeus to destroy the chariot (and Phaethon) with a thunderbolt, causing it to plummet to the earth into the river Eridanus. According to the myth, Phaethon's brother, Cygnus, grieved bitterly and spent many days diving into the river to collect Phaethon's bones to give him a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "81065",
"score": "0.9939417",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "among Hellenic peoples. The female offspring of Helios were called Heliades. The Greek sun god had various bynames or epithets, which over time in some cases came to be considered separate deities associated with the Sun. Most notably, Helios is closely associated with, and sometimes consciously identified with, Apollo. Among these is Hyperion (\"superus\", \"high up\"), \"Elektor\" (of uncertain derivation, often translated as \"beaming\" or \"radiant\", especially in the combination \"elektor Hyperion\"), Phaëton \"the radiant\", \"Hekatos\" (of Apollo, also \"Hekatebolos\" \"far-shooter\", i.e. the sun's rays considered as arrows). Diodorus Siculus of Sicily reported that the Chaldeans called Cronus (Saturn) by",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766493",
"score": "0.98748755",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "mainstream traditional religious veneration of Helios, which had become enriched with ethical values and poetical symbolism in Pindar, Aeschylus and Sophocles, and the Ionian proto-scientific examination of Helios the Sun, a phenomenon of the study Greeks termed \"meteora\", clashed in the trial of Anaxagoras c. 450 BC, a forerunner of the culturally traumatic trial of Socrates for irreligion, in 399 BC. In Plato's \"Republic\" (516 B), Helios, the Sun, is the symbolic offspring of the idea of the Good. While the predominance of Helios in Sparta is currently unclear, it seems Helen was the local solar deity. The Etruscan god",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766505",
"score": "0.98152155",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Anemoi",
"text": "Latin poets the name Eurus is used for the east or southeast wind, as in Greek. Four lesser wind deities appear in a few ancient sources, such as at the Tower of the Winds in Athens: Kaikias was the Greek deity of the northeast wind. He is shown on the monument as a bearded man with a shield full of hailstones. Apeliotes (or Apheliotes) (the name means 'from the (rising) sun') was the Greek deity of the east wind. As this wind was thought to cause a refreshing rain particularly beneficial to farmers, he is often depicted wearing high boots",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6744247",
"score": "0.9755399",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Bennu",
"text": "the sun resemble those of the Bennu bird, although Egyptian sources do not mention the bird's death. Bennu The Bennu is an ancient Egyptian deity linked with the sun, creation, and rebirth. It may have been the inspiration for the phoenix in Greek mythology. According to Egyptian mythology, the Bennu was a self-created being said to have played a role in the creation of the world. It was said to be the \"ba\" of Ra and enabled the creative actions of Atum. It was said to have flown over the waters of Nun that existed before creation, landing on a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4409034",
"score": "0.9749936",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Icarus",
"text": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "A Man Was Going Down the Road",
"text": "father’s warning, and flies too close to the sun. The heat melts the waxed wings, and he falls into the sea and drowns. What follows Parnaoz’s disillusionment with his wife, and his constant pining for Ino, is the tragedy that comes from not heeding any warning, and from idealistic and obsessive love. Aeëtes - he was a King of Colchis in Greek mythology, son of the sun-god Helios and the Oceanid Perseis (a daughter of Oceanus), brother of Circe and Pasiphaë, and father of Medea, Chalciope and Absyrtus. The name means \"eagle\" (aietos). His consorts were Idyia and either Asterodia",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17779990",
"score": "0.9734142",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Talos",
"text": "we have detailed images of the episode, 150 years earlier, dated to around 400 BCE.\" In the Cretan dialect, \"talôs\" was the equivalent of the Greek \"hêlios\", the Sun: the lexicon of Hesychius of Alexandria notes simply \"Talos is the Sun\". In Crete, Zeus was worshipped as \"Zeus Tallaios\", \"Solar Zeus\", absorbing the earlier god as an epithet in the familiar sequence. The god was identified with the \"Tallaia\", a spur of the Ida range in Crete. On the coin from Phaistos (\"illustration\") he is winged; in Greek vase-paintings and Etruscan bronze mirrors he is not. The ideas of Talos",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "853944",
"score": "0.97000015",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Theia",
"text": "later Theia is referred to as the \"cow-eyed Euryphaessa\" who gave birth to Helios in myths dating to Classical Antiquity. Once paired in later myths with her Titan brother Hyperion as her husband, \"mild-eyed Euryphaessa, the far-shining one\" of the Homeric Hymn to Helios, was said to be the mother of Helios (the Sun), Selene (the Moon), and Eos (the Dawn). Pindar praises Theia in his Fifth Isthmian ode: She seems here a goddess of glittering in particular and of glory in general, but Pindar's allusion to her as \"Theia of many names\" is telling, since it suggests assimilation, referring",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "872782",
"score": "0.9575993",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "he will take the Sun and shine it in the Underworld. Zeus destroys the ship with his lightning bolt, killing all the men except for Odysseus. In one Greek vase painting, Helios appears riding across the sea in the cup of the Delphic tripod which appears to be a solar reference. Athenaeus in \"Deipnosophistae\" relates that, at the hour of sunset, Helios climbed into a great golden cup in which he passes from the Hesperides in the farthest west to the land of the Ethiops, with whom he passes the dark hours. While Heracles traveled to Erytheia to retrieve the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766496",
"score": "0.9534092",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Greek mythology in popular culture",
"text": "bodies have been named after elements of Greek mythology. The constellation of Scorpius represents the scorpion that attacked Hercules and the scorpions that frighted the horses when Phaëton was driving the sun-chariot; while Capricorn may represent Pan in a myth that tells of his escape from Typhon by jumping into the water while turning into an animal - the half in the water turned into a fish and the other half turned into a goat. 1108 Demeter, a main-belt asteroid discovered by Karl Reinmuth on May 31, 1929, is named after the Greek goddess of fruitful soil and agriculture. The",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13644361",
"score": "0.95315635",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "Odyssean gods",
"text": "sent to Olympus where he married Hebe. Keeper of the Winds, Aeolus gives Odysseus a tightly closed bag full of the captured winds so he could sail easily home to Ithaca. After their failure, Aeolus refused to provide any further help, because he believed that their short and unsuccessful voyage meant that the gods did not favor them. God of the Sun, Helios' cattle are impiously killed and eaten by Odysseus' crew. The guardians of the island, Helios' daughters, tell their father about this. Helios appeals to Zeus telling him to dispose of Odysseus' men or he will take the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8258019",
"score": "0.9513505",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Solstice",
"text": "distances of those bodies from Earth or from each other, the sphere can be accepted as real and is in fact still in use. The Ancient Greeks use the term\" \"ηλιοστάσιο\" (heliostāsio)\", meaning \"stand of the Sun\". The stars move across the inner surface of the celestial sphere along the circumferences of circles in parallel planes perpendicular to the Earth's axis extended indefinitely into the heavens and intersecting the celestial sphere in a celestial pole. The Sun and the planets do not move in these parallel paths but along another circle, the ecliptic, whose plane is at an angle, the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "387149",
"score": "0.9507847",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Cattle of Helios",
"text": "feast on the kine of Helios. On the seventh day, the wind changes. After they set sail, Zeus keeps his word and the ship is destroyed by lightning during a storm and all of his men die. Odysseus escapes by swimming to Calypso's island. Cattle of Helios In Greek mythology, the Cattle of Helios (, \"Ēelíoio bóes\"), also called the Oxen of the Sun, are cattle pastured on the island of Thrinacia (believed to be modern Sicily). Helios, also known as the sun god, is said to have had seven herds of oxen and seven flocks of sheep, each numbering",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11805436",
"score": "0.950098",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Herse of Athens",
"text": "flew away to tell Athena, who fell into a rage and dropped the mountain (now Mt. Lykabettos). Once again, Herse and Aglauros went insane and threw themselves to their deaths off the cliffs of the Acropolis. This story supposedly inspired an ancient ritual in Athens: \"The Festival of the Dew Carriers\" or Arrhephoria. Some authors, such as Ovid in his \"Metamorphoses\" and \"Ars Amatoria\", wrote a different end for Herse and Aglauros. Ovid tells in Book 2 of his \"Metamorphoses\" that Erichthonius was born without a mother. Pallas Athena (better known as Athena, Minerva is her Roman name) placed him",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "20198843",
"score": "0.9466718",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "Sky",
"text": "was deified as the goddess Nut and as the god Horus. Dyeus is reconstructed as the god of the sky, or the sky personified, in Proto-Indo-European religion, whence Zeus, the god of the sky and thunder in Greek mythology and the Roman god of sky and thunder Jupiter. In Australian Aboriginal mythology, Altjira (or Arrernte) is the main sky god and also the creator god. In Iroquois mythology, Atahensic was a sky goddess who fell down to the ground during the creation of the Earth. Many cultures have drawn constellations between stars in the sky, using them in association with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1603166",
"score": "0.9453994",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
},
{
"title": "Winged sun",
"text": "Winged sun The winged sun is a symbol associated with divinity, royalty and power in the Ancient Near East (Egypt, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, and Persia). In ancient Egypt, the symbol is attested from the Old Kingdom (Sneferu, 26th century BC ), often flanked on either side with a uraeus. In early Egyptian religion, the symbol Behedeti represented Horus of Edfu, later identified with Ra-Harachte. It is sometimes depicted on the neck of Apis, the bull of Ptah. As time passed (according to interpretation) all of the subordinated gods of Egypt were considered to be aspects of the sun god, including e.g.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7263774",
"score": "0.9422876",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Sun",
"text": "the Greeks, he was Helios, carried by a chariot drawn by fiery horses. From the reign of Elagabalus in the late Roman Empire the Sun's birthday was a holiday celebrated as Sol Invictus (literally \"Unconquered Sun\") soon after the winter solstice, which may have been an antecedent to Christmas. Regarding the fixed stars, the Sun appears from Earth to revolve once a year along the ecliptic through the zodiac, and so Greek astronomers categorized it as one of the seven planets (Greek \"planetes\", \"wanderer\"); the naming of the days of the weeks after the seven planets dates to the Roman",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "361696",
"score": "0.94183385",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
},
{
"title": "Elagabalus",
"text": "has been found as far away as Woerden (Netherlands), near the Roman \"limes\". The god was later imported and assimilated with the Roman sun god known as Sol Indiges in republican times and as Sol Invictus during the second and third centuries CE. In Greek the sun god is Helios, hence \"Heliogabalus\", a hybrid conjunction of \"Helios\" and \"Elagabalus\". When the Emperor Macrinus came to power, he suppressed the threat against his reign from the family of his assassinated predecessor, Caracalla, by exiling them—Julia Maesa, her two daughters, and her eldest grandson Elagabalus—to their estate at Emesa in Syria. Almost",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "186177",
"score": "0.9406329",
"original_retrieval_index": 34
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "of the Sun, equivalent to Helios, was \"Usil\". His name appears on the bronze liver of Piacenza, next to \"Tiur\", the moon. He appears, rising out of the sea, with a fireball in either outstretched hand, on an engraved Etruscan bronze mirror in late Archaic style, formerly on the Roman antiquities market. On Etruscan mirrors in Classical style, he appears with a halo. In Late Antiquity a cult of \"Helios Megistos\" (\"Great Helios\") (Sol Invictus) drew to the image of Helios a number of syncretic elements, which have been analysed in detail by Wilhelm Fauth by means of a series",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766506",
"score": "0.9377099",
"original_retrieval_index": 36
},
{
"title": "Phoenix (mythology)",
"text": "of these sources may have actually been influenced by Greek notions of the phoenix, rather than the other way around. Herodotus, writing in the 5th century BC, gives a somewhat skeptical account of the phoenix: The phoenix is sometimes pictured in ancient and medieval literature and medieval art as endowed with a nimbus, which emphasizes the bird's connection with the Sun. In the oldest images of phoenixes on record these nimbuses often have seven rays, like Helios (the sun Titan of Greek mythology). Pliny the Elder also describes the bird as having a crest of feathers on its head, and",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "595621",
"score": "0.9376208",
"original_retrieval_index": 37
},
{
"title": "Cancer (constellation)",
"text": "Sun's most northerly position in the sky (the summer solstice) in ancient times, though this position now occurs in Taurus due to the precession of the equinoxes, around June 21. This is also the time that the Sun is directly overhead at 23.5°N, a parallel now known as the Tropic of Cancer. In Greek mythology, Cancer is identified with the crab that appeared while Hercules was fighting the many-headed Hydra. The crab bit Hercules on the foot, Hercules crushed it and then the goddess Hera, a sworn enemy of Hercules, placed the crab among the stars. The modern symbol for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "992624",
"score": "0.9368803",
"original_retrieval_index": 38
},
{
"title": "Helios",
"text": "drives the sun chariot across the sky each day. Helios is also sometimes conflated in classical literature with another Olympian god, Zeus. Helios is referred either directly as Zeus' eye, or clearly implied to be. For instance, Hesiod effectively describes Zeus's eye as the sun. This perception is possibly derived from earlier Proto-Indo-European religion, in which the sun is believed to have been envisioned as the eye of *\"Dyḗus Pḥtḗr\" (see Hvare-khshaeta). L. R. Farnell assumed \"that sun-worship had once been prevalent and powerful among the people of the pre-Hellenic culture, but that very few of the communities of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "766501",
"score": "0.9365695",
"original_retrieval_index": 39
},
{
"title": "Cloud",
"text": "of a \"pillar of cloud\" by day and a \"pillar of fire\" by night. In the ancient Greek comedy \"The Clouds\", written by Aristophanes and first performed at the City Dionysia in 423 BC, the philosopher Socrates declares that the Clouds are the only true deities and tells the main character Strepsiades not to worship any deities other than the Clouds, but to pay homage to them alone. In the play, the Clouds change shape to reveal the true nature of whoever is looking at them, turning into centaurs at the sight of a long-haired politician, wolves at the sight",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "582578",
"score": "0.9362947",
"original_retrieval_index": 40
},
{
"title": "Alectryon (mythology)",
"text": "corrupted from Halaka, one of the old Persian appellations of the sun. In the 'Vendidad' it is said that the sacred bird Parodars, called by men \"kahrkatak\", raises its voice at the dawn; and in the \"Bundehasb\", the sun is spoken of as Halaka, the cock, the enemy of darkness and evil, which flee before his crowing. Alectryon (mythology) Alectryon (Ancient Greek: ἀλεκτρυών) is the Ancient Greek word for \"rooster\". In Greek mythology, Alectryon was a young soldier who was assigned by Ares to stand guard outside his door while the god indulged in illicit love with Aphrodite. He fell",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "848169",
"score": "0.93606794",
"original_retrieval_index": 41
},
{
"title": "The Greek Myths",
"text": "Hyperion for the Sun; Phoebe and Atlas for the Moon; Metis and Coeus for Mercury; Tethys and Oceanus for Venus; Dione and Crius for Mars; Themis and Eurymedon for Jupiter; and Rhea and Cronus for Saturn. Graves's retellings have been widely praised as imaginative and poetic, but the scholarship behind his hypotheses and conclusions is generally criticised as idiosyncratic and untenable. Ted Hughes and other poets have found the system of \"The White Goddess\" congenial; \"The Greek Myths\" contains about a quarter of that system, and does not include the method of composing poems. \"The Greek Myths\" has been heavily",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4256928",
"score": "0.93492484",
"original_retrieval_index": 42
}
] |
{
"title": "Icarus",
"long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"chunked_long_answer": "In Greek mythology, Icarus (the Latin spelling, conventionally adopted in English; Ancient Greek: Ἴκαρος, Íkaros, Etruscan: Vikare) is the son of the master craftsman Daedalus, the creator of the Labyrinth. Often depicted in art, Icarus and his father attempt to escape from Crete by means of wings that his father constructed from feathers and wax. Icarus' father warns him first of complacency and then of hubris, asking that he fly neither too low nor too high, so the sea's dampness would not clog his wings or the sun's heat melt them. Icarus ignored his father's instructions not to fly too close to the sun; when the wax in his wings melted he tumbled out of the sky and fell into the sea where he drowned.",
"short_answers": [
"Icarus"
]
}
|
when did the song rapper's delight come out
|
[
"1979",
"September 16, 1979"
] |
[
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "credits. \"Rapper's Delight\" is number 251 on the \"Rolling Stone\" magazine's list of \"The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time\" and number 2 on VH1's \"100 Greatest Hip-Hop Songs\". It is also included in NPR's list of the 100 most important American musical works of the 20th century. It was preserved into the National Recording Registry by the Library of Congress in 2011. Songs on the National Recording Registry are \"culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant.\" The song was recorded in a single take. There are three versions of the original version of the song: 14:35 (12\" long version), 6:30 (12\"",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1670402",
"score": "1.1748543",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "in January 1980, number 1 on the Dutch Top 40, and number 3 on the UK Singles Chart. The single sold over 2 million copies in the United States, grossing US$3.5 million for Sugar Hill Records. In 1980, the song was the anchor of the group's first album \"The Sugarhill Gang\". It was the first Top 40 song to be available only as a 12-inch extended version in the U.S. Early pressings (very few) were released with a red label, with black print, on Sugar Hill Records, along with a 7\" 45rpm single (which is very rare). Later pressings had",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1670411",
"score": "1.0920545",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Midwest hip hop",
"text": "locate Sylvia Robinson to comment for this story, and her husband, Joe, died in 2000. But Gates is acknowledged in The Sugar Hill Records Story, a 66-page booklet published in 1999 along with a CD box set to commemorate the twentieth anniversary of \"Rapper's Delight,\" and the Robinsons have credited him in several published accounts as the man who \"broke\" the song. \"After I convinced him to play the record just once, [listeners] ended up jamming the phone lines,\" Joe Robinson told Billboard in 1996. \"That night, a local distributor phoned in with an order for 30,000 records. It was",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6530074",
"score": "1.01646",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Quality Street Music",
"text": "with his new verse, and Canadian hip hop recording artist Drake. It was released on May 11, 2012, however, it later came out as a digital download on September 4, 2012. The album's fourth single, \"Never Die\" was released on September 15, 2012. The song features guest vocals from American hip hop recording artists Jeezy, Jadakiss and Nipsey Hussle, along with American singer-songwriter Cee Lo Green, with the production that was handled and provided by Cardiak. On that same day, it came out to be included on the final track list for the album. Upon \"Quality Street Music\"'s release, \"So",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "16619061",
"score": "1.0044113",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "was visiting a friend in New Jersey. The friend knew Robinson, who needed some musicians for various recordings, including \"Rapper's Delight\". Shearin's job on the song was to play the bass for 15 minutes straight, with no mistakes. He was paid $70 but later went on to perform with Sugarhill Gang in concert. Shearin described the session this way: The drummer and I were sweating bullets because that's a long time. And this was in the days before samplers and drum machines, when real humans had to play things. ... Sylvia said, 'I've got these kids who are going to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1670409",
"score": "1.0031549",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Midwest hip hop",
"text": "it was aired where the record could be bought.\" Like many other stations around the country, WESL could not play the song enough to satisfy demand and soon had to play the fifteen-minute record twice every hour just to keep the phone lines from jamming\". Source: \"Hip Hop Matters: Politics, Pop Culture, and the Struggle for the Soul of a Movement\" \"When Gates put needle to wax on \"Rapper's Delight\" and the legendary opening verse — \"Hip-hop, a hibbit to the hibbit to the hip hip-hop\" — blared across the St. Louis airwaves for the first time, it had a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6530072",
"score": "1.00225",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Successful (song)",
"text": "Wayne's rap was taken out in order to include a new verse by Songz. The song was originally set to be on Drake's debut album, \"Thank Me Later\", but after Drake forwent the song, he insisted that Songz include it on \"Ready\". Songz stated in an interview what fan reception to the track mostly had been that he should put a verse in on \"Successful\", but Songz told \"BallerStatus\", \"I was like, 'That's my homie's song.' Then initially, Drake came up to me with the idea like 'Nah dog. That's your song. I'm not putting it on my album. So",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13528817",
"score": "1.0015461",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Sevyn Streeter",
"text": "release was scheduled to be January 27, 2017. On December 2, 2016, Before I Do was released as the album's fourth single, with the music video released on December 5, 2016. On January 19, 2017, in an interview with Hip Hop Weekly when asked about the album's release date Streeter responded with \"It comes out in the spring. Everyone is saying Atlantic, no Sevyn is doing what Sevyn is doing. Anyone that follows my music knows how much work I put into my albums and my music. I want to put out more music and create more awareness, so I",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17142067",
"score": "0.9983919",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Sugarhill Gang (album)",
"text": "Sugarhill Gang (album) Sugarhill Gang is the self-titled debut album by influential rap group The Sugarhill Gang. The album was released in 1980 for Sugarhill Records and was produced by Sylvia Robinson. The single \"Rapper's Delight\" was a #36 hit on the US pop chart and a #4 hit on the R&B chart. Although \"Rapper's Delight\" was the only charting single, the album also included the minor hit, \"Rapper's Reprise\". The remainder of the LP consists several down-tempo soul tracks and a disco instrumental, as Sylvia Robinson didn't believe an album consisting entirely of hip hop music would be commercially",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11195214",
"score": "0.99775565",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"text": "and the members of the Sugarhill Gang (\"Big Bank Hank\" Jackson, Mike Wright, and \"Master Gee\" O'Brien), jumped up on stage and started freestyling with the band. A few weeks later, Rodgers was on the dance floor of New York club Leviticus and heard the DJ play a song which opened with Bernard Edwards's bass line from Chic's \"Good Times\". Rodgers approached the DJ who said he was playing a record he had just bought that day in Harlem. The song turned out to be an early version of \"Rapper's Delight\", which also included a scratched version of the song's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "1670404",
"score": "0.99654055",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "We Outchea",
"text": "\"Trials & Tribulations\". It was released to iTunes on June 5, 2013. \"XXL\" would praise the single calling it \"triumphant\". On the other hand, HipHopDX called the Lil Wayne guest appearance \"inevitable\" and said the song had a \"lackluster appeal\", which Wayne makes fade even more. The song's sound was compared to the previous Ace Hood and Lil Wayne collaboration \"Hustle Hard\". The Colin Tilley directed music video for \"We Outchea\" was filmed in mid-June, with a behind-the-scenes video being released on June 18, 2013. The full video was released on June 29, 2013. It featured cameo appearances from DJ",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17374817",
"score": "0.9953091",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "We Outchea",
"text": "Khaled and Birdman. We Outchea \"We Outchea\" is a song by American hip hop recording artist Ace Hood from his fourth studio album \"Trials & Tribulations\". It was released on May 27, 2013 by We the Best Music Group, Cash Money and Republic, as the second single from the album. The song, produced by Lee On The Beats, features a guest appearances from fellow American rapper Lil Wayne. The song has peaked at number 19 on the U.S. \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. The song originally premiered on May 14, 2013, when it was announced to be the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17374818",
"score": "0.99316883",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "I Get It In (50 Cent song)",
"text": "released to online music stores on February 10, 2009. The single was released online one week after his single \"Crack a Bottle\" with Eminem and Dr. Dre. Aftermath Entertainment collaborator Dawaun Parker has stated that he is also featured on the song. After the week of the song's release, the single debuted on the \"Billboard\" Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs at #64, since then it has peaked at #43. On the Hot Rap Tracks it peaked at #16. On the \"Billboard\" Rhythmic Top 40 it peaked at #33. On the \"Billboard\" Mainstream R&B/Hip-Hop chart it peaked at #29. After its iTunes release",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12882419",
"score": "0.99243647",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Rico Beats",
"text": "right, not even knowing that he would get credit for it. When the song was released, he found out they had given him credit through Twitter because all of these people were telling him, \"Oh, you killed that beat,\" and he corrected them, but Southside felt a way about that and starting cursing him out on Twitter. They kept going back and forth on Twitter. Southside tweets, \"To good music need to inform niggas if they gone have niggas fuckin wit yo beats honestly I don't here wat dis guy did\". Then Rico fired back with the following tweets, \"Fam",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "18582112",
"score": "0.9880232",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "So Appalled",
"text": "just him and Kanye. When the song was finished, Pusha-T was so impressed with the track that he argued with West to include it on his album, stating that the song was so good it didn't matter whether or not it had leaked. He commented; \"I had already raved over the record because it leaked. I was like listen, there is no way this be on your album, you'd have to be crazy. He was like 'Really, you think so?' I was like c'mon man we got to stop treating rap like oh it came out it's dead. When it's",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15045539",
"score": "0.98442614",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Sugarhill Gang (album)",
"text": "viable in 1980. Sugarhill Gang (album) Sugarhill Gang is the self-titled debut album by influential rap group The Sugarhill Gang. The album was released in 1980 for Sugarhill Records and was produced by Sylvia Robinson. The single \"Rapper's Delight\" was a #36 hit on the US pop chart and a #4 hit on the R&B chart. Although \"Rapper's Delight\" was the only charting single, the album also included the minor hit, \"Rapper's Reprise\". The remainder of the LP consists several down-tempo soul tracks and a disco instrumental, as Sylvia Robinson didn't believe an album consisting entirely of hip hop music",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "11195215",
"score": "0.9811201",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Thank You (Busta Rhymes song)",
"text": "joints, and he played that and I was like 'Yo, what's that?'.\" Q-Tip then decided to get on the song and also gave Busta the idea to add Lil Wayne and Kanye West to the song. \"Thank You\" was originally recorded by Busta Rhymes in 2012. Q-Tip revealed the song in an interview during October 2012. He promoted the song and stated that fans should start a petition for Busta Rhymes to release the song as the first single from his upcoming album. The song's audio premiered on November 6, 2013. On November 15, 2013, \"Thank You\" was officially released",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17686100",
"score": "0.9805914",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "It's Me Again",
"text": "was released and began to appear on numerous mixtapes to help spread the word of the song's release. A promotional remix featuring 50 Cent and an alternate line by Missy Elliott was also released to mixtapes in order to generate further buzz for the single. Commercially the single was unsuccessful in the United States, where it reached number eight on the US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart and number 39 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. However, the song fared well on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number 29. The album debuted at number 17 on the US",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6873519",
"score": "0.97877884",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Tapout (song)",
"text": "Tapout (song) \"Tapout\" is a song by American hip hop group Rich Gang featuring rappers Lil Wayne, Birdman, Mack Maine, Nicki Minaj and Future. The song was the first single off of the YMCMB compilation album, \"Rich Gang\". The song is produced by Southside & TM88 and is co-produced by Detail. It also features uncredited vocals from its co-producer, Noel \"Detail\" Fisher. The song was premiered on March 12, 2013, and was available for digital download on March 19. The song has since peaked at #44 on the \"Billboard\" Hot 100. Birdman confirmed the release of the song on March",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17205406",
"score": "0.97761184",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Keith Murray (rapper)",
"text": "In 1998, The Def Squad covered \"Rapper's Delight\" by the Sugarhill Gang. They would later release their own album, \"El Niño\". Murray's third album \"It's a Beautiful Thing\" was released in 1999. Murray also appeared on the song \"Home Alone\" by R. Kelly. Def Jam released his \"He's Keith Murray\" in 2003, containing the single \"Yeah, Yeah U Know It.\" This song has guest appearances from fellow Def Squad members Redman and Erick Sermon. Murray dedicated \"Christina\" to his sister. That same year, Murray was featured on the video game \"Def Jam Vendetta\". Shortly after this, Murray was accused of",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5722800",
"score": "0.9766896",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "What's My Name? (Rihanna song)",
"text": "always been trying to work together.\" According to her, when he heard the song he liked it and wrote his verse after three days. Rihanna has further described the song as very youthful, playful and very melodic track; according to her that's why Drake was the perfect choice to be on it, \"cause he's a young rapper who has incredible melodies\". \"What's My Name?\" was released as the second single from \"Loud\"; it was sent to contemporary hit and rhythmic radio in the United States on October 26, 2010. The single was made available for digital download on November 12",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "7961407",
"score": "0.97608995",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Trials & Tribulations (Ace Hood album)",
"text": "Wiz Khalifa, T.I., Meek Mill, French Montana, 2 Chainz, Future, DJ Khaled and Birdman. The remix would be included as a deluxe edition track on the album. On June 5, 2013, the second single from the album \"We Outchea\" featuring Lil Wayne was released to iTunes. The song was solicited to rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States on June 25, 2013. On June 29, 2013, the music video was released for \"We Outchea\" featuring Lil Wayne. \"We Them Niggas\" was released on June 26, 2013 along with the pre-order of the album on iTunes and then released as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17096001",
"score": "0.9753382",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Started from the Bottom",
"text": "took throughout Nothing Was The Same, while sounding like no other song on it. It is wistful, atmospheric, as catchy as a nursery rhyme. Lyrically, the song is packed with hooks, each line a mantra of burgeoning confidence, hard-earned.\" \"Rolling Stone\" then ranked the song at number nine on their list of the 100 Best Songs of 2013. \"XXL\" named it one of the top five hip hop songs of 2013. The track entered the UK Singles Chart at number 71 on February 10, 2013. The following week it rose forty-six positions to number 25 – becoming only Drake's third",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17073636",
"score": "0.97487855",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Gorgeous (Kanye West song)",
"text": "music critics, who generally praised the intricacy of the production, the quality of the guest features and the rock music inspired aesthetic of the song. Several critics cited West's verses as a highlight of the track, complimenting his lyricism and delivery. Before its release, West premiered an a cappella version of the song in the form of a freestyle rap on Funkmaster Flex's Hot 97 radio show. Despite not being released as a single, the song appeared on the \"Billboard\" Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles chart. Cudi and West performed the song live at SXSW, and West performed the track",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15820782",
"score": "0.974192",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Naughty Dread",
"text": "this song to write'.\" Kardinal recorded the song later that day. The song blends dancehall with hip-hop, and at the time, it didn't sound like anything else. It received airplay at Canadian campus radio stations, as well as some in the US. In December 1996, Kardinal signed a publishing deal with Warner/Chappell Music Canada, after one of the company's creative managers heard the song. A-side B-side Naughty Dread \"Naughty Dread\" is a hip-hop song by Kardinal Offishall. It is his debut single, released in 1996 on Knee Deep Records, before being featured on the \"Rap Essentials Volume One\" compilation album.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12894425",
"score": "0.971534",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Rappers Delight Club",
"text": "Rappers Delight Club Rappers Delight Club is a rotating group of American elementary and middle school rappers from Silver Spring, Maryland. The group are most notable for their appearance in British funk/rock band The Go! Team’s second album, \"Proof of Youth\" on the song \"Universal Speech\". The Rappers Delight Club (named after the Sugar Hill Gang song, \"Rapper's Delight\") is also the name of a learn-to-rap project taught at Glenallan Elementary School as part of an after-school program led by high school teacher David Goldberg and audio engineer Joseph Mitra. The group ranges in ages from five to twelve, who",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13159253",
"score": "0.97111106",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "A Nightmare on My Street",
"text": "telling Smith, \"I'm your DJ now, Princey!\" On November 30th 2018 , a mastered version of the music video was finally released on YouTube , via DJ Jazzy Jeff's Vevo Account The original track as included on the original LP and cassette pressings of the album \"He's the DJ, I'm the Rapper\" ran 6:09. However, the entire album could not fit onto compact discs of the time, so for the CD release, many tracks were shortened; the single version \"A Nightmare on My Street\" was used in place of the original. This version is not simply an edit of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "10993596",
"score": "0.9688944",
"original_retrieval_index": 31
},
{
"title": "Fakin' It (K. Michelle song)",
"text": "girl in the world;' my thing was to say, 'Okay, well while you're doing it, we're faking [the orgasm].'\" The song first leaked to online urban blogs on August 15, 2009 and initially saw an official digital release on iTunes in September 17, 2009. The song was also featured on \"World Star Hip Hop\" in September 15, 2009 for its racy and \"damaging male self-esteem\" theme. During its radio airplay, an instrumental version of the song was featured on two \"Promo Only: Urban Club\" compilations in November and December of 2009. The song met generally favorable reviews. Burmy of \"DJ",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17248527",
"score": "0.96788967",
"original_retrieval_index": 32
},
{
"title": "Trials & Tribulations (Ace Hood album)",
"text": "the album's third official single the following day. In September 2013, \"Rider\" featuring Chris Brown was serviced to urban contemporary and rhythmic contemporary radio in the United States as the album's fourth single. The first promotional single from the album \"I Need Your Love\" featuring Trey Songz was released on October 16, 2012. On October 12, 2012, the music video was released for \"I Need Your Love\". The video features cameos from DJ Khaled, Birdman, Busta Rhymes, Meek Mill and Fat Joe. On April 5, 2013, the music video was released for \"Have Mercy\". On July 16, 2013, the music",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17096002",
"score": "0.9671662",
"original_retrieval_index": 33
}
] |
{
"title": "Rapper's Delight",
"long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two songwriter credits.",
"chunked_long_answer": "\"Rapper's Delight\" is a 1979 hip hop track by the Sugarhill Gang and produced by Sylvia Robinson. While it was not the first single to include rapping, \"Rapper's Delight\" is credited for introducing hip hop music to a wide audience. It was a prototype for various types of rap music, incorporating themes such as boasting, dance, honesty and sex, with the charisma and enthusiasm of James Brown. The track also used samples from Chic's \"Good Times\", resulting in band members Nile Rodgers and Bernard Edwards suing Sugar Hill Records for copyright infringement; a settlement was reached that gave the two",
"short_answers": [
"1979"
]
}
|
who's the model on let's make a deal
|
[
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
] |
[
{
"title": "Carol Merrill",
"text": "Carol Merrill Carol Merrill (born Carol Lue Hiller; January 19, 1941) was the model for the television game show \"Let's Make a Deal\" during the show's original run between 1963-77. While on \"Let's Make a Deal\", Merrill would model the various prizes, present money to contestants, and perform various other tasks as an assistant to host Monty Hall. On \"Let's Make a Deal\", Merrill was frequently referred to by Monty Hall by her full name, and thus became one of the first game show models to be known as such, rather than the customary first-name-only naming convention used by such",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9270173",
"score": "1.0572405",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "for the following season. The 1990 NBC revival series was announced by Dean Miuccio, with the 2003 edition featuring Vance DeGeneres in that role. The longest tenured prize model on \"Let's Make a Deal\" was Carol Merrill, who stayed with the series from its debut until 1977. The models on the 1980s series were Maggie Brown, Julie Hall (1980), Karen LaPierre, and Melanie Vincz (1984). For the 1990 series, the show featured Georgia Satelle and identical twins Elaine and Diane Klimaszewski, who later gained fame as the Coors Light Twins. Hall (2010 and 2013) and Merrill (2013) both appeared on",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260834",
"score": "1.0550399",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Carol Merrill",
"text": "\"Let's Make a Deal\" announcer Jay Stewart, made an appearance in 1986 on the finale of \"The All-New Let's Make a Deal\", modeling a zonk (200 pounds of bananas) along with Stewart. After learning that the contestant traded $1,427 for the zonk, Merrill decided to let him have the $1,427 anyway while Stewart gave him a banana bunch to go with the money. In addition to her 14-year stint with \"Let's Make a Deal\", Merrill was a model on the short-lived TV series \"Your Surprise Package\", and for one episode of the TV series \"Burke's Law\", both during 1963. She",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9270175",
"score": "0.9642863",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "The Price Is Right models",
"text": "with other shows airing on, owned or distributed by CBS featuring actors of those shows modeling prizes. These crossovers have included \"The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson\", \"The Amazing Race\", \"Let's Make a Deal\", \"The Bold and the Beautiful\", and \"The Young and the Restless\". Tiffany Coyne (from \"Let's Make a Deal\") filled in as the fifth model on some episodes which aired in March 2011. Daniel Goddard (Cane Ashby from \"The Young and the Restless\") frequently crosses over as a guest model, especially when a Showcase skit necessitates, and when needed, for \"masculine\" prizes (motorcycles, trucks, \"et al.\").",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6696882",
"score": "0.9613059",
"original_retrieval_index": 3
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "a Deal\" has been airing on CBS since October 5, 2009, when it took over the spot on the network's daytime schedule vacated by the long running soap opera \"Guiding Light\". Wayne Brady is the host of the current series, with Jonathan Mangum as his announcer/assistant. Tiffany Coyne is the current model, joining in 2010, with musician Cat Gray in 2011. \"Let's Make a Deal\" first aired on NBC in 1963 as part of its daytime schedule. The show moved to ABC in 1968, where it remained until 1976; and on two separate occasions the show was given a weekly",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260825",
"score": "0.95436054",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "Let's Make a Deal Let's Make a Deal is a television game show that originated in the United States in 1963 and has since been produced in many countries throughout the world. The program was created and produced by Stefan Hatos and Monty Hall, the latter serving as its host for many years. The format of \"Let's Make a Deal\" involves selected members of the studio audience, referred to as \"traders,\" making deals with the host. In most cases, a trader will be offered something of value and given a choice of whether to keep it or exchange it for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260823",
"score": "0.9139068",
"original_retrieval_index": 5
},
{
"title": "Supermodel",
"text": "by photographing \"bigger and healthier\" California models and captioning the photographs with their names, turning many of them into household names and establishing the swimsuit issue as a cornerstone of supermodel status. In 1975, Margaux Hemingway landed a then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of Fabergé's Babe perfume and the same year appeared on the cover of \"Time\" magazine, labelled one of the \"New Beauties\", giving further name recognition to fashion models. Lauren Hutton became the first model to receive a huge contract from a cosmetics company and appeared on the cover of \"Vogue\" 26 times. Iman is considered to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "595103",
"score": "0.898643",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "one episode. Each \"Let's Make a Deal\" announcer also served as a de facto assistant host, as many times the announcer would be called upon to carry props across the trading floor. The original announcer for the series was Wendell Niles, who was replaced by Jay Stewart in 1964. Stewart remained with \"Let's Make a Deal\" until the end of the syndicated series in 1977. The 1980 Canadian-produced syndicated series was announced by Chuck Chandler. The 1984 syndicated series employed voice actor Brian Cummings in the announcer/assistant role for its first season, with disc jockey Dean Goss taking the position",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260833",
"score": "0.88708806",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "\"The All-New Let's Make a Deal\". Running for two seasons until 1986, this series was distributed by Telepictures. NBC revived \"Let's Make a Deal\" twice in a thirteen-year span. The first was a daytime series in 1990 that was the first to not be produced or hosted by Monty Hall. Instead, the show was a production of Ron Greenberg and Dick Clark, and featured Bob Hilton (best known for announcing other game shows) as host (although Hall would eventually return as host for special episodes). A primetime edition was launched in 2003 but drew poor ratings and was cancelled after",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260827",
"score": "0.8834611",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Tiffany Coyne",
"text": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Lisa Gleave",
"text": "Lisa Gleave Lisa Gleave (born November 11, 1976) is an Australian-American glamour model and TV personality, known for her work as a Barker's Beauty on \"The Price Is Right\" and her appearances on the show \"Deal or No Deal\". Born in Queensland, Australia, Gleave moved to the United States in 2000 to pursue her dream in modeling and fashion. During 2005–2009, she was a model on the game show \"Deal or No Deal\", where she always held the number 3 briefcase. She has also had roles in \"Accepted\" and \"\". She is an E3 booth babe for Tecmo. Gleave is",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8613832",
"score": "0.879571",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "Tiffany Coyne",
"text": "in \"Jubilee!\", \"Fashionistas\", and \"Sirens of TI\". She also appeared in informercials. \"Let's Make a Deal\" relaunched in 2009 in Las Vegas. Coyne auditioned multiple times and was hired. She kept working at in the \"Sirens of TI\" as a back up plan in case \"Let's Make a Deal\" ended. She taped two episodes a day of \"Let's Make a Deal\" and then worked at \"Sirens of TI\" at night. \"Deal\" moved to Los Angeles and Coyne would drive back and forth five days a week to work on both shows. She relocated to Los Angeles to start season two",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "17611736",
"score": "0.8703973",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Le Banquier",
"text": "contrast to the other versions airing in North America that use permanent models (\"Deal or No Deal\", \"Vas o No Vas\", \"Deal or No Deal Canada\"), where all models are women. (Note that the US daytime version, which closely resembles the British version, uses 22 cases held by the potential contestants.) Like the US version, some of the offers may be prizes, in addition to, or instead of, a cash offer — like the US show, the prizes tend to be what the contestant wants. For example: on the first episode on January 24, 2007, one contestant was offered $15,000,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9338305",
"score": "0.86685395",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Hayley Marie Norman",
"text": "doing a series of ads for the African-American Barbie doll. Norman is a graduate of the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles. In 2006, Norman joined the hit game show \"Deal or No Deal\" as Case Model #25. She remained on the show for three seasons while taking time off to act in various projects including \"Norbit\", alongside Eddie Murphy and Cuba Gooding, Jr, as well as box office hit \"Hancock\", in which she appeared with Will Smith. In 2008, she had a recurring role opposite Dennis Hopper on the Starz original series \"Crash\", based on the Academy",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "14277565",
"score": "0.8660213",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "announcer, and model each. CBS will post information on the show's Twitter address (@LetsMakeADeal) days before taping to encourage audience members to carry certain items in their pockets in order to win an additional $500 cash, when one of the hosts approaches them at the end of the show and asks to see such items. The deals are usually in the form of the following: Deals were often more complicated than the basic format described above. Additionally, some deals took the form of games of chance, and others in the form of pricing games. A wide variety of chance-based games",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260844",
"score": "0.8645227",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "Model (person)",
"text": "wealth for the industry. In 1991, Turlington signed a contract with Maybelline that paid her $800,000 for twelve days' work each year. By the mid‑1990s, the new \"heroin chic\" movement became popular amongst New York and London editorial clients. Kate Moss became its poster child through her ads for Calvin Klein. In spite of the heroin chic movement, model Claudia Schiffer earned $12 million. With the popularity of lingerie retailer Victoria's Secret, and the \"Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue\", there was a need for healthier-looking supermodels such as Tyra Banks and Heidi Klum to meet commercial modelling demand. The mid‑1990s also",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "592746",
"score": "0.86371565",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "nighttime spot on those networks. The first syndicated edition of \"Let's Make a Deal\" premiered in 1971. Distributed by ABC Films, and then by its successor Worldvision Enterprises once the fin-syn rules were enacted, the series ran until 1977 and aired weekly. A revival of the series based in Hall's native Canada was launched in 1980 and aired in syndication on American and Canadian stations for one season. This series was produced by Catalena Productions and distributed in America by Rhodes Productions, Catalena's partner company. In the fall of 1984, the series returned for a third run in syndication as",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260826",
"score": "0.8589752",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "was still being actively produced in standard definition. For the start of production for its 2014–15 season in June 2014, \"Let's Make a Deal\" began being produced in high definition, with \"Big Brother 16\" making the switch later in June. \"Let's Make a Deal\" was the last remaining CBS program to make the switch by air date, with the first HD episode airing on September 22, 2014. Monty Hall hosted the original daytime network series for its entire run (with the exception of a short time in early 1972 when Hall fell ill and early television pioneer Dennis James substituted",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260831",
"score": "0.8581536",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "America's Next Top Model (season 12)",
"text": "R&B superstar Ciara arrived at this week's photo shoot, and the girls had to portray crazed fans of the star tangled up in wires. While Teyona, Fo and Natalie excelled in the shoot, Aminat and Allison struggled to deliver a shot. London's weight gain was too obvious to be ignored, and Jay discussed it with her after her photo shoot, telling her that while she was way too small for plus-size modeling she should watch her eating habits to continue to fit in sample sizes. A male model appeared at the beginning of panel speaking Portuguese and presented Tyra with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12273518",
"score": "0.8495634",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "Deal or No Deal",
"text": "case game in December 2002 after a 15-month hiatus of the show. Véronique Landry is the only model to appear on more than one version of the show, on both the French and English Canadian versions. Howie Mandel, Héctor Sandarti, and Linda de Mol each have hosted multiple versions of the show: Mandel, with the American English and Canadian English versions, Sandarti with both the American Spanish and Mexican Spanish versions, and de Mol with both the Netherlands Dutch and German (in 2004) versions of the show. In the UK version \"Deal Or No Deal\" helped relaunch Noel Edmonds's career.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4121215",
"score": "0.8494576",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "The Price Is Right models",
"text": "a permanent part of the cast, new models appeared every few weeks who sometimes eventually joined the rotation, or other times appeared for a single set of tapings. That procedure was changed in late 2008 as contracts expired. The show has four permanent models: Rachel Reynolds, Amber Lancaster, Manuela Arbeláez and James O'Halloran. Each episode features two or three models. Occasionally only one model is present when appearing alongside a guest personality from a program either airing, produced, or distributed by CBS, or taped at CBS Television City. The models are now referred as \"\"The Price Is Right\" models\" when",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6696877",
"score": "0.8434454",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "Model (person)",
"text": "turning many of them into household names and establishing the issue as a hallmark of supermodel status. The 1970s marked numerous milestones in fashion. Beverly Johnson was the first African American to appear on the cover of U.S. \"Vogue\" in 1974. Models, including Iman, Grace Jones, Pat Cleveland, Alva Chinn, Donyale Luna, Minah Bird, Naomi Sims, and Toukie Smith were some of the top black fashion models who paved the way for black women in fashion. In 1975, Margaux Hemingway landed a then-unprecedented million-dollar contract as the face of Fabergé's Babe perfume and the same year appeared on the cover",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "592740",
"score": "0.84286857",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "Maggie Rizer",
"text": "Bourke, and Neiman Marcus. She was at the peak of her modeling career in the late 1990s and early 2000s. She has done limited film and television work, appearing briefly in \"Sex and the City\" Season 6 episode (\"Let There Be Light\"); also briefly on \"America's Next Top Model\" Cycle 2 Episode 2 (\"The Girl Who Floats Like a Butterfly and Stings Like a Bee\") while demonstrating proper runway walk to the contestants. She had a more prominent appearance on the CW show \"Stylista\" Episode 6 (\"Model Behavior\") while giving the contestants an idea what it's like to cater to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6313724",
"score": "0.8422669",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Canada's Next Top Model (season 3)",
"text": "\"Fashion\" magazine, and a beauty contract valued at $100,000 from Procter & Gamble. The winner of the competition was 19-year-old Meaghan Waller from Winnipeg, Manitoba. \"(Ages stated are at start of contest)\" Canada's Next Top Model (season 3) Cycle 3 of Canada's Next Top Model, the Canadian adaptation of Tyra Banks' \"America's Next Top Model\", aired on CTV from May to July 2009. Jay Manuel returned for his second season as the show's host. The panel was composed of Jeanne Beker, Yasmin Warsame, and photographer Mike Ruiz, who was the only new addition. Nolé Marin returned as creative director for",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12065653",
"score": "0.84004474",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Make Me a Supermodel (UK TV series)",
"text": "as \"Rachel Munter\" live on air. Currently airing franchise <br> Franchise with an upcoming season <br> Franchise no longer airing Make Me a Supermodel (UK TV series) Make Me a Supermodel is a British reality television modeling competition hosted and judged by New Zealand model Rachel Hunter, airing on the television channel Five. A U.S. version began airing 2 January 2008 on the cable network Bravo. The series premiered Tuesday, 1 March 2005 and followed 13 young women (including twins) competing for a modelling contract with Select Model Management. The judges of the first season were Rachel Hunter, Tandy Anderson",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "12208105",
"score": "0.8367051",
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{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "many times, in books, articles and online. In an interview with \"The New York Times\" reporter John Tierney in 1991, Hall gave an explanation of the solution to that problem, stating that he played on the psychology of the trader, and why the solution did not apply to the case of the actual show. Let's Make a Deal Let's Make a Deal is a television game show that originated in the United States in 1963 and has since been produced in many countries throughout the world. The program was created and produced by Stefan Hatos and Monty Hall, the latter",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260862",
"score": "0.83602667",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Let's Make a Deal",
"text": "reflect the nature of the shows on which they were played; those on \"TPIR\" required contestants to price items, while those on \"Deal\" used random draws and the offer of cash/prize deals to stop a game early. Upon the original \"Let's Make a Deal\"s debut, journalist Charles Witbeck was skeptical of the show's chances of success, noting that the previous four NBC programs to compete with CBS's \"Password\" had failed. Some critics described the show as \"mindless\" and \"demeaning to traders and audiences alike\". By 1974, however, the show had spent more than a decade at or near the top",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2260856",
"score": "0.83223855",
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},
{
"title": "Make Model",
"text": "Make Model Make Model were a Scottish 6 piece indie band formed in Glasgow and formerly signed to EMI. They have released three singles to date and their debut album was due for release in 2008 but there are currently no plans to release it. The band formed in October 2006 and played their first show in March 2007 in Inverness. Since then they have played a host of festivals including T in the Park and the Reading and Leeds Festivals as well as touring with the likes of the Fratellis, Malcolm Middleton, British Sea Power and Blood Red Shoes.",
"hasanswer": false,
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"id": "11951110",
"score": "0.8318344",
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},
{
"title": "The Price Is Right models",
"text": "substitute model. Ford left the program in 1976 and was later replaced by Holly Hallstrom who joined the cast in 1977. Pennington, Parkinson and Hallstrom appeared as the three main models on both the daytime and syndicated versions of the show from 1977–1993. In December 1990, the three were joined by the program's first permanent African American model, Kathleen Bradley. During this period, Kyle Aletter appeared as the substitute model whenever one of the principal models was unable to appear in a given episode. Parkinson left the show in 1993 \"to pursue other interests\" as stated by Barker, although speculation",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "6696873",
"score": "0.8317107",
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},
{
"title": "Making of a Male Model",
"text": "Making of a Male Model Making of a Male Model is a 1983 American made-for-television romantic drama film directed by Irving J. Moore and starring Joan Collins and Jon-Erik Hexum. It was produced by ABC and released on October 9, 1983. Kay Dillon, a successful modeling agent, meets the young and handsome ranch hand, Tyler Burnett in Nevada, while attending an outdoor shoot. She notices his good looks and invites him to move to New York and start working as a model. Burnett, who has just been dumped by his girlfriend, accepts the invitation and goes to New York, where",
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}
] |
{
"title": "Tiffany Coyne",
"long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"chunked_long_answer": "Tiffany Adams Coyne (born May 6, 1982) is an American model and dancer. She is the model on Let's Make a Deal, having replaced Alison Fiori in 2009.",
"short_answers": [
"Tiffany Adams Coyne"
]
}
|
how much money did the film titanic make
|
[
"$2.18 billion",
"$2.187 billion"
] |
[
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "weekend by topping the box office with $98.9 million. China has proven to be its most successful territory where it earned $11.6 million on its opening day, going on to earn a record-breaking $67 million in its opening week and taking more money in the process than it did in the entirety of its original theatrical run. The reissue ultimately earned $343.4 million worldwide, with $145 million coming from China and $57.8 million from Canada and United States. The 3D conversion of the film was also released in the 4DX format in selected international territories, which allows the audience to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627814",
"score": "1.0443444",
"original_retrieval_index": 0
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic in popular culture",
"text": "aims to gain a decisive American advantage in the Cold War by retrieving a stockpile of a fictitious ultra-rare mineral of military value, \"byzanium\", that the ship was supposedly carrying on her maiden voyage. The film, directed by Jerry Jameson, cost at least $40 million. It was the most expensive movie made up to that time but made only $10 million at the box office. Lew Grade, the producer, later remarked that it would have been \"cheaper to lower the Atlantic\". James Cameron's \"Titanic\" is the most commercially successful film about the ship's sinking. \"Titanic\" became the highest-grossing film in",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8924532",
"score": "1.0343678",
"original_retrieval_index": 1
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "more than $1 billion worldwide and on the weekend April 13–15, 2012—a century after the original vessel's foundering, \"Titanic\" became the second film to cross the $2 billion threshold during its 3D re-release. Box Office Mojo estimates that \"Titanic\" is the fifth highest-grossing film of all time in North America when adjusting for ticket price inflation. The site also estimates that the film sold over 128 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run. \"Titanic\" was the first foreign-language film to succeed in India, which has the largest movie-going audience in the world. A 2012 \"Hindustan Times\" report",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627771",
"score": "1.0342703",
"original_retrieval_index": 2
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic in popular culture",
"text": "As Peter Kramer puts it, the love story is intended to humanise the disaster, while the disaster lends the love story a mythic aspect. Cameron's film cost $200 million, making it the most expensive film ever made up to that time; much of it was shot on a vast, nearly full-scale replica of \"Titanic\"s starboard side built in Baja California, Mexico. The film was converted into 3D and re-released on 4 April 2012 to coincide with the centenary of the sinking. Cameron's film is the only \"Titanic\" drama to have been partially filmed aboard the vessel, which the Canadian director",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8924534",
"score": "1.0179379",
"original_retrieval_index": 4
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "attributes this to the film's similarities and shared themes with most Bollywood films. The film received steady attendance after opening in North America on Friday, December 19, 1997. By the end of that same weekend, theaters were beginning to sell out. The film earned $8,658,814 on its opening day and $28,638,131 over the opening weekend from 2,674 theaters, averaging to about $10,710 per venue, and ranking number one at the box office, ahead of the eighteenth James Bond film, \"Tomorrow Never Dies\". By New Year's Day, \"Titanic\" had made over $120 million, had increased in popularity and theaters continued to",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627772",
"score": "1.0147333",
"original_retrieval_index": 6
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic in popular culture",
"text": "Kenneth More, was the outcome of MacQuitty's interest in the \"Titanic\" story. Released in 1958 and produced by MacQuitty, the film is based on the 1955 book of the same name by Walter Lord. Its budget of £600,000 (£ today) was exceptionally large for a British film and made it the most expensive film ever made in Britain up to that time. The film focuses on the story of the sinking, portraying the major incidents and players in a documentary-style fashion with considerable attention to detail; 30 sets were constructed using the builders' original plans for \"Titanic\". The ship's former",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8924528",
"score": "1.0117812",
"original_retrieval_index": 7
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "found herself asking \"whether the film's twin values of humanism and spectacle are enhanced by Cameron's 3-D conversion, and the answer to that is: They aren't.\" She further added that the \"3-D conversion creates distance where there should be intimacy, not to mention odd moments in framing and composition.\" The film grossed an estimated $4.7 million on the first day of its re-release in North America (including midnight preview showings) and went on to make $17.3 million over the weekend, finishing in third place. Outside North America it earned $35.2 million finishing second, and improved on its performance the following",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627813",
"score": "1.0111177",
"original_retrieval_index": 8
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "sell out. Its highest grossing single day was Saturday, February 14, 1998, on which it earned $13,048,711, more than eight weeks after its North American debut. It stayed at number one for 15 consecutive weeks in North America, a record for any film. The film stayed in theaters in North America for almost 10 months before finally closing on Thursday, October 1, 1998 with a final domestic gross of $600,788,188. Outside North America, the film made double its North American gross, generating $1,242,413,080 and accumulating a grand total of $1,843,201,268 worldwide from its initial theatrical run. Before \"Titanic\"s release, various",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627773",
"score": "1.0063131",
"original_retrieval_index": 9
},
{
"title": "James Cameron",
"text": "widely released film, which is a testament to the movie's appeal. This was especially noteworthy, considering that the film's running time of more than three hours limited the number of showings each theater could schedule. It held the No. 1 spot on the box-office charts for months, eventually grossing a total of $600.8 million in the United States and Canada and more than $1.84 billion worldwide. \"Titanic\" became the highest-grossing film of all time, both worldwide and in the United States and Canada, and was also the first film to gross more than $1 billion worldwide. It was the highest-grossing",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "211899",
"score": "1.0036303",
"original_retrieval_index": 10
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"hasanswer": true,
"isgold": true,
"id": null,
"score": null,
"original_retrieval_index": null
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "that captured its viewers' emotions. The film was playing on 3,200 screens ten weeks after it opened, and out of its fifteen straight weeks on top of the charts, jumped 43% in total sales in its ninth week of release. It earned over $20 million a week for ten weeks, and after 14 weeks was still bringing in more than $1 million a week. 20th Century Fox estimated that seven percent of American teenage girls had seen \"Titanic\" twice by its fifth week. Although young women who saw the film several times, and subsequently caused \"\", were often credited with",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627776",
"score": "0.991626",
"original_retrieval_index": 11
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "an empty gesture, as they predicted profits would be unlikely. Cameron explained forfeiting his share as complex. \"...the short version is that the film cost proportionally much more than \"\" and \"True Lies.\" Those films went up seven or eight percent from the initial budget. \"Titanic\" also had a large budget to begin with, but it went up a lot more,\" he said. \"As the producer and director, I take responsibility for the studio that's writing the checks, so I made it less painful for them. I did that on two different occasions. They didn't force me to do it;",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627754",
"score": "0.9899015",
"original_retrieval_index": 12
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic in popular culture",
"text": "history nine weeks after opening on 19 December 1997, and a week later became the first film ever to gross $1 billion worldwide. By March 1998 it had made over $1.2 billion, a record that stood until Cameron's next drama film \"Avatar\" overtook it in 2009. Cameron's film centres around a love affair between First Class passenger Rose DeWitt Bukater (Kate Winslet) and Third Class passenger Jack Dawson (Leonardo DiCaprio). Cameron designed the characters of Rose and Jack to serve as what he has termed \"an emotional lightning rod for the audience\", making the tragedy of the disaster more immediate.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8924533",
"score": "0.9639633",
"original_retrieval_index": 13
},
{
"title": "A Night to Remember (1958 film)",
"text": "original ship launched), used blueprints of the ship to create the sets accurately, while Fourth Officer Joseph Boxhall and ex-Cunard Commodore Harry Grattidge both worked as technical advisors on the film. Its budget of £600,000 (£ adjusted for inflation (2012)) was exceptionally large for a British film and made it the most expensive film ever made in Britain up to that time. The film's World Premiere was on Thursday, 3 July 1958 at the Odeon Leicester Square. \"Titanic\" survivor Elizabeth Dowdell attended the American premiere in New York on Tuesday 16 December 1958. The film received critical acclaim upon release,",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8545205",
"score": "0.9621618",
"original_retrieval_index": 14
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "motion control shots and CG and all that, which will cost X amount of money – or we can spend X plus 30 per cent and actually go shoot it at the real wreck.\" The crew shot at the real wreck in the Atlantic Ocean twelve times in 1995 and actually spent more time with the ship than its passengers. At that depth, with a water pressure of 6,000 pounds per square inch, \"one small flaw in the vessel's superstructure would mean instant death for all on board.\" Not only were the dives high-risk, but adverse conditions prevented Cameron from",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627734",
"score": "0.95981383",
"original_retrieval_index": 15
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "on December 19, 1997, \"Titanic\" achieved critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied \"All About Eve\" (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying \"Ben-Hur\" (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, \"Titanic\" was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's \"Avatar\" surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of \"Titanic,\" released on April 4, 2012, to commemorate the centennial of the",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627721",
"score": "0.9548749",
"original_retrieval_index": 16
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1943 film)",
"text": "and crew were angry at the attempt to cover up Selpin's obvious murder and attempted to retaliate, but Goebbels countered them by issuing a proclamation stating that anyone who shunned Zerlett-Olfenius, who had reported Selpin, would answer to him personally. The unfinished film, on which the production costs were spiraling wildly out of control, was in the end completed by an uncredited Werner Klingler. The film cost almost 4 million Reichmarks, or the equivalent of US$180 million (2013). It is said to be the most expensive film of its time. The faults of capitalism and the stock market play a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5324499",
"score": "0.9521134",
"original_retrieval_index": 17
},
{
"title": "James Cameron",
"text": "cast Leonardo DiCaprio, Kate Winslet, Billy Zane, Kathy Bates, Frances Fisher, Gloria Stuart, Bernard Hill, Jonathan Hyde, Victor Garber, Danny Nucci, David Warner, Suzy Amis, and Bill Paxton as the film's principal cast. Cameron's budget for the film reached about $200 million, making it the most expensive movie ever made at the time. Before its release, the film was widely ridiculed for its expense and protracted production schedule. Released to theaters on December 19, 1997, \"Titanic\" grossed less in its first weekend ($28.6 million) than in its second ($35.4 million), an increase of 23.8%. This is unheard of for a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "211898",
"score": "0.9498505",
"original_retrieval_index": 18
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "film critics predicted the film would be a significant disappointment at the box office, especially due to it being the most expensive film ever made at the time. When it was shown to the press in autumn of 1997, \"it was with massive forebodings\" since the \"people in charge of the screenings believed they were on the verge of losing their jobs – because of this great albatross of a picture on which, finally, two studios had to combine to share the great load of its making\". Cameron also thought he was \"headed for disaster\" at one point during filming.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627774",
"score": "0.94839585",
"original_retrieval_index": 19
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic",
"text": "sank and had an actual survivor as its star—the silent film actress Dorothy Gibson. The British film \"A Night to Remember\" (1958) is still widely regarded as the most historically accurate movie portrayal of the sinking. The most financially successful by far has been James Cameron's \"Titanic\" (1997), which became the highest-grossing film in history up to that time, as well as the winner of 11 Oscars at the 70th Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director for Cameron. The \"Titanic\" disaster was commemorated through a variety of memorials and monuments to the victims, erected in several English-speaking countries",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "12455753",
"score": "0.94812024",
"original_retrieval_index": 20
},
{
"title": "RMS Titanic in popular culture",
"text": "up eight reels and costing a then-huge sum of $60,000. It was filmed aboard a real liner, the SS \"C.F. Tietgen\", chartered especially for the filming with 500 people aboard. The sinking scene was filmed in the North Sea. The \"Tietgen\" sank for real five years later when she was torpedoed by a German U-boat. A British film company planned to go one better by building and sinking a replica liner, and in 1914 the real-life scuppering of a large vessel took place for the Vitagraph picture \"Lost in Mid-Ocean\". The 1929 British sound film \"Atlantic\" was clearly (though loosely)",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "8924519",
"score": "0.9422433",
"original_retrieval_index": 21
},
{
"title": "Sinking of the RMS Titanic",
"text": "billion at the box office, and the became the best selling soundtrack recording of all time. The wreck is steadily decaying, turning to oxide at a rate of 0.5–1 ton per day (assuming one ten-thousandth of an inch per day on all surfaces). Eventually \"Titanic\"s structure will collapse, and she will be reduced to a patch of rust on the seabed, with any remaining scraps of the ship's hull mingled with her more durable fittings, like the propellers, bronze capstans, compasses and the telemotor. The number of casualties of the sinking is unclear due to several factors, including confusion over",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "9927429",
"score": "0.9325288",
"original_retrieval_index": 22
},
{
"title": "Raise the Titanic (film)",
"text": "a box office bomb. The film only grossed about $7 million against an estimated $40 million budget. Producer Lew Grade later remarked \"it would have been cheaper to lower the Atlantic\". The film opens on the fictional island of Svardlov in the far Barents Sea north of the Soviet Union where an American spy breaks into an old mine where he discovers the frozen body of a US Army sergeant and mining expert Jake Hobart. Next to Hobart's corpse is a newspaper from November 1911, as well as some mining tools from the early part of the 20th century. Using",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "13444753",
"score": "0.9296268",
"original_retrieval_index": 23
},
{
"title": "70th Academy Awards",
"text": "per film. \"Titanic\" was the highest earner among the Best Picture nominees with $338.7 million in domestic box office receipts. The film was followed by \"As Good as It Gets\" ($92.6 million), \"Good Will Hunting\" ($68.9 million), \"L.A. Confidential\" ($39.7 million), and finally \"The Full Monty\" ($38.7 million). Of the top 50 grossing movies of the year, 40 nominations went to 15 films on the list. Only \"Titanic\" (1st), \"As Good as It Gets\" (16th), \"Good Will Hunting\" (20th), and \"In & Out\" (24th) were nominated for directing, acting, screenwriting, or Best Picture. The other top 50 box office hits",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "2753389",
"score": "0.9286847",
"original_retrieval_index": 24
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of \"A+\" on an A+ to F scale, one of fewer than 60 films in the history of the service to earn the score. With regard to the film's overall design, Roger Ebert stated, \"It is flawlessly crafted, intelligently constructed, strongly acted, and spellbinding... Movies like this are not merely difficult to make at all, but almost impossible to make well.\" He credited the \"technical difficulties\" with being \"so daunting that it's a wonder when the filmmakers are also able to bring the drama and history into proportion\" and \"found [himself] convinced",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627788",
"score": "0.92754865",
"original_retrieval_index": 25
},
{
"title": "Event Horizon (film)",
"text": "The film had a troubled production history, with filming and editing rushed by Paramount when it became clear that \"Titanic\" would not meet its projected release date. The original 130-minute cut of the film was heavily edited by demand of the studio, to the consternation of director Paul W. S. Anderson. Upon release, the film was a commercial and critical failure, grossing $26.7 million on a $60 million production budget. Even so, it began to sell well on home video; its initial DVD release sold so well that Paramount contacted Anderson shortly after its release to begin working on a",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "15022370",
"score": "0.91774815",
"original_retrieval_index": 26
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "and was no. 1 in all of them\" and the markets \"such as Russia, where \"Titanic\" saw modest receipts in 1997 and 1998, are white-hot today\" with \"more screens and moviegoers\" than ever before. Brandon Gray, president of Box Office Mojo, said that while \"Avatar\" may beat \"Titanic\" revenue record, the film is unlikely to surpass \"Titanic\" in attendance. \"Ticket prices were about $3 cheaper in the late 1990s.\" In December 2009, Cameron had stated, \"I don't think it's realistic to try to topple \"Titanic\" off its perch. Some pretty good movies have come out in the last few years.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627785",
"score": "0.91656977",
"original_retrieval_index": 27
},
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"text": "in danger during filming. Cameron believed in a passionate work ethic and never apologized for the way he ran his sets, although he acknowledged:I'm demanding, and I'm demanding on my crew. In terms of being kind of militaresque, I think there's an element of that in dealing with thousands of extras and big logistics and keeping people safe. I think you have to have a fairly strict methodology in dealing with a large number of people. The costs of filming \"Titanic\" eventually began to mount and finally reached $200 million, a bit over $1 million per minute of screen time.",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "627752",
"score": "0.9088",
"original_retrieval_index": 28
},
{
"title": "Dark City (1998 film)",
"text": "and also appears on a commentary track for the original DVD and the 2006 Director's Cut. The film was screened out of competition at the 1998 Cannes Film Festival. \"Dark City\" premiered in cinemas on February 27, 1998 in wide release on 1,754 screens in the U.S., and grossed $5,576,953 on its opening weekend, placing 4th, far behind \"Titanic\" in 1st place with $19,633,056. The film's revenue dropped by 49.1% in its second week of release, earning $2,837,941, dropping to 9th, while \"Titanic\" remained in first place with $17,605,849. The film went on to earn $14,378,331 domestically in total ticket",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "5115275",
"score": "0.90837264",
"original_retrieval_index": 29
},
{
"title": "The Replacement Killers",
"text": "the Action Is\" and the exclusive featurette, \"Chow Yun-Fat Goes Hollywood\". A supplemental viewing option for the film in the media format of Video on demand is available as well. During its February 6, 1998 US opening weekend, the film ranked second place, grossing $8,046,553 at 1,936 locations. The film \"Titanic\" came in first place during that weekend grossing $23,027,838. Its revenue dropped by 49% in its second week of release, earning $4,068,335. For that particular weekend, the film fell to sixth place still screening in 1,936 theaters. \"Titanic\" remained in first place grossing $28,167,947 in box office revenue. During",
"hasanswer": false,
"isgold": false,
"id": "4296043",
"score": "0.9079623",
"original_retrieval_index": 30
}
] |
{
"title": "Titanic (1997 film)",
"long_answer": "Upon its release on December 19, 1997, Titanic achieved critical and commercial success. Nominated for 14 Academy Awards, it tied All About Eve (1950) for the most Oscar nominations, and won 11, including the awards for Best Picture and Best Director, tying Ben Hur (1959) for the most Oscars won by a single film. With an initial worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"chunked_long_answer": "worldwide gross of over $1.84 billion, Titanic was the first film to reach the billion-dollar mark. It remained the highest-grossing film of all time until Cameron's Avatar surpassed it in 2010. A 3D version of Titanic, released on April 4, 2012 to commemorate the centennial of the sinking, earned it an additional $343.6 million worldwide, pushing the film's worldwide total to $2.18 billion and making it the second film to gross more than $2 billion worldwide (after Avatar). In 2017, the film was re-released for its 20th anniversary and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.",
"short_answers": [
"$2.18 billion"
]
}
|
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