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b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | Redfield ratio | use of the ratio to determine nutrient limitation-(the relative ratio of C:N:P for balanced growth is 106:16:1) | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | Leibig's law of the minimum | the rate of a process is limited by the rate of its slowest sub process, the weakest link in a sense | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | colimited ecosystems | ecosystems that are limited by both nitrogen and phosphorous | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | paradox of the (phyto)plankton: basic argument that Hutchinson proposed, and why the paradox doesn't really exist: Why don’t one/few plankton dominate in well mixed lakes? | different species have different needs and are not necessarily directly competing temporal and spatial small scale variability the time between the mixing events is less than they need to compete zooplankton predation and viruses modify population dynamics mutually beneficial interactions between some models have trouble with more than 3 limiting factors | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | microbial loop and its importance for remineralization | dominates nutrient cycling in many groundwater aquifers and sediments, where larger organisms do not occur and there is little new nutrient input. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | organisms as concentrations of nutrients | e.g., diatoms and Si, fish and P, or salmon and marine-derived N | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | oligotrophic, eutrophic, mesotrophic: what parameters are used to determine the trophic state of an ecosystem, and why that ecosystem might not fit into one trophic system classification (e.g., why would Loch Ness be characterized as ultraoligotrophic for chlorophyll but meso- or even eutrophic for Secchi depth?) | - (Based on water clarity, phytoplankton biomass, and nutrient concentration) - (Lake may not fall into an individual category. ex. phosphorus could be high enough to classify as eutrophic, but, but light attenuation by suspended sediments could keep chlorophyll levels at mesotrophic level) | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | why determining the trophic levels of a stream is particularly difficult | B/c of hydrological variation,flooding, and light limitation by riparian canopy leads to high variability in benthic algal biomass over time and space | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | how productivity of wetlands is generally characterized | - use biological characteristics. ex. many oligotrophic N-limited wetlands have carnivorous plants that capture insects to receive nutrients, while high nutrient concentrations often result in weedy species | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | negative and positive effects of eutrophication in lakes | increased production, but can lead to decreased O2 and dead zones. eutrophication can lead to acid rain resistance b/c of buffering by metabolic activities | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | how could lake fertilization lead to increased fish production, but why might it also not work? | Fertilization could increase autotrophs , but could lead to toxic algal bloom that depletes O2 | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | what might you need to consider when trying to mitigate eutrophication in a freshwater ecosystem? | 1. identify lake with problem 2. characterization of system including morphology, land use, and nutrient loading 3. identify feasible strategies for nutrient control understanding point and nonpoint sources 4. projecting influence of management actions on nutrient concentrations in lakes, predicting response of chlorophyll to lower nutrient level 5. assess potential effects of decreased chlorophyll with lake clarity 6. cost benefit 7. monitoring how does it differ in lakes vs. rivers and streams? - in lakes, mitigation is mostly focused on biological controls via removal of macrophytes, providing O2 to hypolimnion to keep P in sediments, destratification (same reason), use of copper to control algae and releasing water from the hypolimnion - in streams and rivers, focus is on controlling nutrient levels, especially from sewage effluent. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | point sources of nutrients, and nonpoint sources, and the differences in controlling them | point source nutrients come from a single identifiable source eg a single sewage input. non point sources from a variety of non identifiable factors such as groundwater, leaching, rain and other large scale sources | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | what are the problems associated with sewage input into streams? | -increased nutrients, eutrophication Sewage input into streams leads to a loss in O2 and the introduction of pathogenic bacteria. Current sewage treatment does not lower total nutrient input much, but does lower loads of biochemical oxygen demand and pathogenic bacteria | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | nutrient sinks: | Wetlands can have major impacts on flows of nutrients, sediments and water through watersheds. Wetlands are successful at nutrient removal and sewage treatment. Essentially all wetlands retain nitrogen and therefore function as nutrient sinks. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | the mechanism that makes it possible for cyanobacteria to sink and rise in the water column with differing nutrient concentrations (taxis) | (Gas vacules allow cyanobacteria to float or sink. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | cyanobacteria as example of phototaxis | phototaxis is a kind of locomotion of an organism based on response to light-ex. may be positively phototactic , as light increases the organism moves toward light, may be photophobic at high light levels. may move down into microbial mat for nutrients at night, until day comes and phototaxis overrides chemotaxis | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | microbial loop (again) | Transfer of energy, carbon, and other nutrients through the microbial food web. The majority of organic material that originates in terrestrial environments and enters aquatic environments must be processed by microbes. organisms that eat these bacteria or fungi, or use them in their guts, return the carbon back into the food web. without microbes, the majority of carbon would be tied up in nonliving dissolved and particulate organic matter. microbial loops are dominated by phytoplankton, bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and rotifers. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | bacteria and fungi as key suppliers of C in stream food webs- | Bacteria and fungi break down wood and leaves, making carbon available to primary consumers | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | role of viruses in plankton communities | Viral infections occur in all known organisms, and viruses predate on bacteria and other microbes, helps control population. also, viruses are important vectors for gene transfer. Transduction, is when gene transfer among bacteria by viruses occurs. viral infection keeping cell densities below a threshold may prevent competitive dominants from overrunning less competitive cells. some cyanobacterial bloom collapses have been attributed to viral infections. helps explain “paradox of the plankton” | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | factors that control grazing on planktonic food webs | plankton are difficult to consume because very small particles are hard to remove from water via infiltration due to low Re and high viscosity. Clearance rate is the volume of water that can be cleared of particles per unit time. viscosity affected by temperature, so feeding is more difficult in cold environments, and feeding on plankton decreases. Particle size, as particles become more dilute, greater volumes of water must be cleared to receive the same amount of food. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | scrapers | scrape biofilms, feed on subsurface strata, consuming algae, heterotrophic components of biofilm, and associated organic sediments | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | shredders | organisms that eat detritus & are essentially microbial predators, since the microbes make up much of the nutritional value of the detritus. Shredders are key in the decomposition of organic material, by breaking down CPOM. prefer conditioned detritus, due to microbes | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | collector-gatherers | organisms that consume relatively small, less than 1mm diameter, deposited organic material from the surface of substrata are collector gatherers. many eat entire microbial assemblages or pick out particles that are rich in cellular material and more biologically active. contribute significantly to turnover rates of organic particles. affects higher trophic levels | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | filter feeders | passive vs. active, and what that means for how much they can consume and its effect on the ecosystem):(Active=pump water through filtering structure, ex.bivalves. can filter large quantities of water and remove significant amounts of phytoplankton and suspended particles Passive filter feeders are often dominant in flowing water | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | parasites | including trematodes that affect frogs, and how that happens):(Trematoda Ribeiroia has been linked to deformities in frogs bc the cercariae larvae of this parasite penetrate and encyst in developing limb buds of larval amphibians.Trematoda Gorgoderina vitellioba, infects frogs by tadpoles ingest trematoda and enters kidneys, after 21 days the fluke enters the bladder and deposits eggs, which are excreted into the water. they hatch, and small swimmer form enters gills of fingernail clam, then they emerge as worm that is eaten by tadpoles | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | conditioning, and the peanut-butter-on-the-cracker example | Microbial colonization of detritus is conditioning. Microbes=peanutbutter or Nitrogen source, detritus=cracker or Carbon source. Together they are just smearing in... | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | a. You are at a scientific conference and go to hear two presentations by two different research teams about the same lake. In the first presentation the lake is described as oligotrophic, but in the second presentation the lake is described as mesotrophic. Assuming both research teams are correct, how could this be? Give specific examples. If you had only heard the first presentation, what would you assume about O2 concentrations in the hypolimnion and why? If you had only heard the second presentation, how would that assumption about O2 concentrations in the hypolimnion have been different? | There is more available oxygen in oligotrophic lakes in the hypolimnion because there are fewer organisms in the lake that die and sink to the bottom where they decompose (eutrophic lakes can be anoxic at the hypolimnion due to algal blooms). it depends on what factors that determine classification you are focusing on. A lake can appear to be mesotrophic due to higher concentrations of phosphorus, however there may be other facts limiting algal growth, so if you look at the algal growth in the lake, the lake would appear to be oligotrophic. The classification of lakes is based on water clarity, phytoplankton, and nutrient concentration. Because of variances in these categories, lakes may not fall into one particular classification. Loch Ness - Lake may not fall into an individual category. ex. phosphorus could be high enough to classify as eutrophic, but, but light attenuation by suspended sediments could keep chlorophyll levels at mesotrophic level Lake Baikal: the intensity of primary production in lake baikal makes it near mesotrophic, however its physico-chemical characteristics categorize it as ultra-oligotrophic. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | Describe G.E. Hutchinson's paradox of the plankton. What are three reasons that can explain this apparent paradox? Why does the paradox of the plankton refer to communities in lakes but doesn't cross over to apply to plankton in rivers or in groundwater? | The paradox stems from liebigs law of the minimum and the competitive exclusion principle that when two or more organisms are competing for the same resources, one will out compete the other and will dominate. However, plankton occur in high diversity and generally have similar requirements, and so they are competing for the same nutrients. Nutrients are evenly dispersed due to the regular mixing in lakes, and each species of plankton has a chance of survival. Explanations: 1.Species have different needs, so they may not be directly competing. 2.there is temporal and spatial variability, or micropatches of nutrients from uneven mixing . 3.The time between mixing events is not long enough for species to outcompete- lake isn’t sitting as a well mixed environment for long. 4. Zooplankton predation and viruses modify population dynamics by removing dominant competitors. 5.some have mutually beneficial interactions, where a weaker species may rely upon a stronger, dominant species. 6. Models have trouble when three or more limiting factors are present. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | Does Loch Ness provide an appropriate habitat for the existence of a monster? Use ecological evidence to defend your position | Loch Ness is oligotrophic in terms of nutrients, has low light levels deeper in the lake due to a brown color (resulting from humic acids from surrounding peat) and it has a very small littoral zone. These all limit primary production in the lake. Also, the top predator (excluding any pleiosaur), ferrox trout (a piscivorous and cannibalistic fish) was found with empty stomach contents in february and march. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | List and discuss three forms of carbon available to heterotrophs in aquatic ecosystems. For each form, describe the location in a river where it would dominate, and how that relates to the types of invertebrates and fish that would be found at that location. | DOC CPOM: found in headwaters - higher abundance of shredders and collectors. fish which consume invertebrates are therefore also abundant. FPOM: in midsized rivers, higher abundance of grazers and collectors, because the greater availability of sunlight which increase algae production (consumed by grazers). Grazer activity can also enhance algae production by reducing light limitations, cycling nutrients. predators are both invertivores and piscivorous. FPOM: in large rivers, filter feeders and collectors are dominant (declining primary production because of growing pelagic zone with river order), and fish which consume invertebrates, plankton and fish may be present. | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6c7160a_gy_final_Flashcards___Cram_com__rough_a_filter_of_a_given_size | What human impacts are common across many freshwater system case studies? Give three examples of impacts using at least two case studies each | -Eutrophication due to nutrient input -Ag runoff into Florida Everglades produces huge cattail blooms and eutrophication -Flow alteration- water use for agriculture, consumption, construction of Dams, Levees -three gorges dam on Yangtze River- flooding of upper portion of river: erosion & siltation, loss of wetlands & lakes, reduced temp. & O2 levels downstream which affects the fish and plant life. - Yuba river dams and mining: dams prevent species such as the Chinook salmon from their full range, while mining releases large amounts of sediments, altering river formation -Mesopotamian Marshlands: draining-over 70% gone -diversion of water from Mono Lake for Los Angeles area -Introduction of invasive species - fish stocks at flathead lake, MO-extreme changes in foodweb -introduction of Nile Perch to Lake Victoria- decline of native cichlid population - Climate Change - vernal pools-changes in both drought and rainfall would alter the presence of this type of wetland -Florida everglades-same as above - Channelization - Missouri River - Sacramento - San Joaquin Delta Mesopotamian marshlands | [] | Freshwater ecology final Flashcards - Cram.com | the distinction is often arbitrary, commonly based on the ability to pass through a filter of a given size | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/freshwater-ecology-final-2135808 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00314-ip-10-236-191-2_387606938_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] auditory meatus | auditory canal | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] auditory nerve fibers | carry impulses from the inner ear to the brain(cerebral cortex). These fibers compose the vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve 8). | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] auditory tube | channel between the middle ear and the nasopharynx;eustachian tube | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] auricle | flap of the ear;the protruding part of the external ear,or pinna | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] cerumen | waxy substance secreted by the external ear;also called ear wax | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] cochlea | snail-shaped,spirally wound tube in the inner ear;contains hearing- sensitive receptor cells | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] endolymph | fluid within the labyrinth of the inner ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] eustachian tube | auditory tube | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] incus | second ossicle(bone)of the middle ear;incus means anvil | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] labyrinth | maze-like series of canals of the inner ear. This includes the cochlea,vestibule,and semicircular canals | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] malleus | first ossicle of the middle ear;malleus means hammer | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] organ of Corti | sensitive auditory receptor area found in the cochlea of the middle ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] ossicle | small bone of the ear;includes the malleus,incus, and stapes | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] oval window | membrane between the middle and the inner ears | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] perilymph | fluid contained in the labyrinth of the inner ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] pinna | auricle;flap of the ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] semicircular canals | passages in the inner ear associated with maintaining equilibruim | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] stapes | third ossicle of the middle ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] tympanic membrane | membrane between the outer ear and the middle ear;also called the eardrum | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] vestibule | central cavity of the labyrinth,connecting the semicircular canals and the cochlea. The vestibule contains two structures,the saccule and the utricle, that help maintain equilibrium | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] acoustic neuroma | benign tumor arising from the acoustic vestibulocochlear nerve (8th cranial nerve)in the brain | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] cholesteatoma | collection of skin cells and cholesterol in a sac within the middle ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] deafness | loss of the ability to hear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] Meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth of the inner ear marked by elevated endolymph pressure within the cochlea(cochlear hydrops)and semicircular canals(vestibular hydrops) | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] otitis media | inflammation of the middle ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] otosclerosis | hardening of the bony tissue of the labryrinth of the ear | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] tinnitus | sensation of noises (ringing,buzzing,whistling, booming)in the ears | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] vertigo | sensation of irregular of whirling motion either of oneself or of external objects | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] audiometry | testing the sense of hearing | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] ear thermometry | measurement of the temperature of the tympanic membrane by detection of infrared radiation from the eardrum | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] otoscopy | visual examination of the ear with an otoscope | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
b6b9c99a_Language_Flashcards___Cram_com___from_the_pinna_to_the_eardrum | [auditory canal] tuning fork test | test of and ear conduction using a vibration source(tuning fork) | [] | LOM Ch 17 Vocab (Ears) Foreign Language Flashcards - Cram.com | channel that leads from the pinna to the eardrum | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/lom-ch-17-vocab-ears-276715 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00021-ip-10-236-191-2_386221037_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | Fossils are remains of an animal or plant compacted together by the sediment of earths over thousands of years. It is important because it is a piece to the Evolution Theory and helps show the change overtime. [What is Evolution?] | What is a Fossil & why are fossils important? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | They are traits that we human pick due to it being dominant and strong to be produced or mated. [What is Evolution?] | What is Artificial Selection? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | It is an animals that is able to survive and reproduce and pass its gene on to its offspring. [What is Evolution?] | What is Fitness? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | It is an animals trait that is inherited to survive with their environment. [What is Evolution?] | What is Adaptation? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | It is the process in which the animal that is able to live and reproduce its strong genes to its offspring and the animal that was not able to survive are not able to reproduce. [What is Evolution?] | What is Natural Selection? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | Body parts share a common function but are not structurally related. [What is Evolution?] | What is a Analogous Structure? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | The study of where organisms live and where their ancestors lived in the past. [What is Evolution?] | What is Biogeography? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | Structures of an animal that are the same as other, but are different. [What is Evolution?] | What is Homologous Structures? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
ffa86761_volution_Flashcards___Cram_com__What_is_Evolution_ | Parts that an animal share in common, but is no longer useful. [What is Evolution?] | What is Vestigal Organ? | [] | Chapter 16 Evolution Flashcards - Cram.com | What is Evolution? | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/chapter-16-evolution-2108359 | 13/1438042992543.60_20150728002312-00255-ip-10-236-191-2_385009675_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] leg armor worn below the knee [1] | greave | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a room where meals are served, especially in a college or other institution [1] | refectory | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a long cassock with buttons down the front worn by Roman Catholic priests [1] | soutane | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a servant employed to mential tasks in a kitchen [1] | scullion | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a deocrated platform or framework on which a coffin rests in state during a funeral; a coffin-shaped structure draped with a pall, used to represent the corpse at a requiem Mass after the burial. [1] | catafalque | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a room in the church housing the sacred vessels and vestments [1] | sacristy | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a loose-fitting, white ecllesiastical gown with wide sleeves, worn over a cassock [1] | surplice | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a vessel in which incense is burned, especially during religious services [1] | censer | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a vessel in which the consecrated host is exposed for the adoration of the faithful [1] | monstrance | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] conductive or favorable to health or well-being [1] | salubrious | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] characterized by a narrow, often ostentations concern for book learning and formal rules [1] | pedantic | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] given to excessive and often trivial or rambling talk; tiresomely talkative [1] | garrulous | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a state of disuse or inactivity [1] | desuetude | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a society or an association, especially a devotional or charitable society for the laity in the Roman Catholic Church; a fellowship or fraternity [1] | sodality | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] containing or implying false or malicious statements intended to blacken another's reputation; slanderous or defamatory [1] | calumnious | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] the killing of one's father, mother or close relative; one who commits such a murder [1] | parricide | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] clothing; garments [1] | raiment | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a person, especially a diplomatic agent, envoy or ambassador invested with full power to transact business [1] | plenipotentiary | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] excrement; something that is morally offensive or degrading [1] | ordure | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a gaping grin or grimace; the expanse of an open mouth, a bird's beak or similar structure [1] | rictus | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a covered receptable for holding the consecrated wafers to the Eucharist [1] | ciborium | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] the act of performing more than is required by duty, obligation or need [1] | supererogation | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a hymn or song derived from the Bible [1] | canticle | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] somethign that covers or cloaks [1] | vesture | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] a shroud for the dead; a burial garment [1] | cerement | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] the act of cursing; a curse [1] | execration | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
1bb956b4_oung_Man_Flashcards___Cram_com__1 | [2] characteristic of a girl or woman of saucy, boisterous or carefree behavior [1] | hoydenish | [] | A Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man Flashcards - Cram.com | 1 | http://www.cram.com/flashcards/a-portrait-of-an-artist-as-a-young-man-1971318 | 13/1438042989891.18_20150728002309-00209-ip-10-236-191-2_390756533_0.json |
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