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Every year, when award show season creeps around, #TeamBeautiful becomes a slave to the flawless faces, fabulous gowns and perfectly contoured cheeks of our favorite bombshell celebs. We swarm around what they're wearing, who they're wearing and who wore it best. That glamorous time, filled with flashy stones and mani-cams, has come and gone, but BlackAmericaWeb put together this gallery of the 50 greatest red carpet bombshells, to hold you over until next year!
Looking hot on the red carpet isn't easy, but these celebs sure make it look effortless knocking them dead at each and every event! | {
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Music History for Engineers
(Ed. note: This is the second of three posts this week that launch a recurring series on teaching in a range of institutions.)
David Chapman, Jr.
"He was an engineer! A mathematician!! What the devil! Sensitivity lurks in the oddest nooks!"
—from the memoirs of Hector Berlioz[i]
I teach at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, Indiana. As its first and only tenure-track music professor, I teach all of the Institute's academic music courses, from history and culture to theory and composition. Rose, as we affectionately call it, is a top-ranked, private, undergraduate-focused STEM school with a student body of about 2,200. Although fundamentally career- and industry-oriented, Rose nevertheless seeks to provide its students with a "liberal education in science and engineering."[ii] The faculty of the Department of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), comprising 27 professors in 17 fields, provides the principal components of this liberal education. Before I took the job in 2013, teaching music history at an engineering school was never my professional aim, nor was I especially trained for it, but I have come to embrace the special opportunities and challenges of presenting the arts within a STEM curriculum.
The music program is older and larger than it might seem, even to many on our campus. Rose was founded in 1874 as an all-male polytechnic institute and our first music ensembles originated as student clubs in the late 1880s. Rose's first music professor followed soon thereafter: Carrie Belle Adams (1859–1940), a local organist and reasonably accomplished hymn and operetta composer, directed the ensembles and taught music classes just after the fin de siècle. Rose remained a stubborn relic of the sex-segregated Victorian era of higher education for well over a century, and Ms. Adams was among the very few women to whose teaching and leadership the young men of Rose would have submitted themselves at that time.
Today, several excellent and dedicated directors lead our student ensembles. With no applied faculty, these directors provide many of our students their only practical instruction in instrumental technique. Our music minors take four courses in music history and theory and four quarters of performance in the ensembles. Hatfield Hall, our performing arts theater, offers diverse musical programming throughout the year, featuring guest performers from around the country, an "Engineers in Concert" all-campus talent show, and two musical theater productions by our student drama club every year. Taken together, the music courses, the ensembles, the minor, and the events at Hatfield Hall make up the Rose music program.
As an administrator of sorts over my own curriculum, I enjoy nearly complete autonomy over my teaching. Student enthusiasm for music courses remains high: when you teach only electives, your students sign up because they want to be there! I divide my courses in music history — or, perhaps more accurately, music appreciation — into periodic subgroupings: Medieval and Renaissance; Baroque, Classical, and Romantic; the 20th Century, my best outlet for teaching around my research specialty in New York minimalism; and "Popular Music in the Era of Recorded Sound," my only STEM-oriented history course. I continue to experiment with textbooks for these courses, seeking but never quite finding the right balance of content and concept.[iii] For each of these courses, I try to structure the calendar around a handful of required concerts or other relevant events, followed by reflective written responses. For many of my students, these concerts are their first such experiences.
I also "forage" for as much content as possible in the surrounding community. This has included taking groups of students to experience the outstanding private collection of player pianos and rolls owned by my HSS colleague, geography professor Mike Kukral, and to observe the factory floors at Sony DADC, once the headquarters of the Columbia House catalog and the first American manufacturer of compact discs, today a manufacturer of Blu-Ray discs and other optical media. In "Musics of the World," students conducted simple ethnographic studies on musical practices in local churches, bars, schools, and theaters. In my 20th-century course, my students performed a rendition of Terry Riley's In C for the campus on the 51st anniversary of its premiere, while I banged out high Cs on the chapel piano for an hour. On course evaluations, which Rose takes very seriously, students have commented favorably on these real-life encounters with music outside the classroom.
I have had mixed results with, and thus I have mixed feelings about, research papers as terminal projects in these courses. The Rose library is staffed by helpful and dedicated professionals, but — and this is surely no surprise or criticism — it has neither deep stacks nor a diverse reference library available for research projects. Thus helping students develop a project bibliography is an especially challenging process made all the more urgent and difficult by our 10-week trimesters. I justify the tremendous effort to work around these obstacles because I believe, as do my colleagues in the HSS department, that writing helps students work through questions of history and meaning, and is a skill that transfers well to other disciplines.
Whereas every course in the Rose music history/appreciation curriculum must be accessible to a general student audience (i.e., they cannot have prerequisites), the two courses in music theory/fundamentals are my only two in which one must precede the other. The first course is an introduction to musical notation, starting with pitch and rhythm and working up to basic tonal analysis; Joseph Straus' Elements of Music serves these objectives well, with a few supplementary units.[iv] The second course is an analysis and composition workshop focused on simple classical and popular forms, with readings from openmusictheory.com and William Caplin.[v] Both courses contain some elements of ear training and aural skills, but they stop short of such intermediate topics as part-writing, chromaticism, and large-scale form.
My primary objectives for students who complete the music theory sequence include a printed portfolio of the students' original compositions and a capstone recital at which I perform their work at the piano. These provide concrete evidence of the more ephemeral and abstract musical knowledge they have acquired over the previous two terms. These are my most popular courses among Rose students, and I speculate that music theory at this fundamental level can feel rigorous and syntactically precise in a way that is familiar to students who are well adapted to studying mathematics or computer programming. (By contrast, and perhaps proving the point, my "Musics of the World" course is never quite as popular.) But engineers are not machines — pace Berlioz! — and many of my students value the fact that music is creative and not quantitative, that music classes are so different from their major coursework. Many of them might have been music majors at some other school, but chose STEM for its job prospects. I can't say I blame them: very few people get to be music professors at Rose-Hulman!
I cheer recent efforts to celebrate and elevate the arts within STEM curricula, memorably captured in the acronym STEAM. I sometimes fear instrumentalizing the arts, however, denaturing them and reducing their extraordinary multivalence to their mere usefulness to other disciplines. I want my students to study music and the arts not only because those subjects might benefit them in practical (that is, profitable) ways as future scientists and engineers, but also because engineers and scientists can serve musical ends! What we in the HSS Department at Rose-Hulman might miss in disciplinary colleagues, graduate students, majors, and perhaps even prestige within our respective fields, we nevertheless gain in professional autonomy, interdisciplinary collaboration, and student enthusiasm. These were the aspects that attracted me to "Dear Old Rose" in the first place, and why the job at Rose-Hulman continues both to challenge and to charm me today.
David Chapman, Jr. is Assistant Professor of Music at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology in Terre Haute, Indiana. He holds degrees in piano performance from Kennesaw State University and in music (history) from the University of Georgia. He received his Ph.D. in 2013 from Washington University in St. Louis, with a dissertation on the early history of the Philip Glass Ensemble, under the guidance of Peter Schmelz.
[i] Piero Weiss and Richard Taruskin, Music in the Western World: A History in Documents (Belmont, Calif.: Thomson/Schirmer, 2008), 299.
[ii] This statement appears in Section 1.03 the Institute's Faculty Handbook, under the subheading "The Rose-Hulman Philosophy."
[iii] When I began teaching, I swore by Kerman, Kerman, and Tomlinson's contextually rich Listen!, then switched to Kelly's Music Then and Now for its priority of depth over breadth. More recently I began using Forney, Dell'Antonio, and Machlis's Enjoyment of Music for its short, easily digestible readings and its inclusion of women.
[iv] Joseph Straus, Elements of Music, 3rd edition (Boston, Mass.: Pearson, 2012).
[v] William Caplin, Classical Form: A Theory of Formal Functions for the Instrumental Music of Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven (New York: Oxford UP, 2001); Caplin, Analyzing Classical Form: An Approach for the Classroom (New York: Oxford UP, 2013).
Rethinking Music Theory, With Syrian Aid
The Value of Collaboration
Can We Sound Good? (Or, What is Musicology's Purpo...
New "Work in Progress" Series
Community College Calling
A Very Modern, Major Generalist (at the Conservatory)
Introduction to a new series on teaching
Teaching Next Door to Trump - Teaching Under Trump... | {
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Hey mcomella, regression from bug 905088?
Long answer: The patch from bug 905988 validates the url argument and throws an exception if it's null. We never use url without checking if it was null first within enterEditingMode(url), so we never ran into this with a NullPointerException before. The patch in bug 905988 makes the code safer so we should try to track down the cause of the null, rather than backing out the patch.
According to crash-stats, the crash seems to occur at boot so I'm guessing Tabs.getInstance().getSelectedTab() is returning null because the open tabs have not yet loaded. Perhaps if this is the case and the tab instance is null, we should pass the empty string to enterEditingMode(url) (but this should be researched further).
Those are all within the first minute after launch and this is the #2 topcrash on 26.0a1 Nightly at this time.
r+, but you may want to add a javadoc comment to enterEditingMode(String) explaining what passing an empty string should do. | {
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Policing only effective when women feel safe........'No safety gear, fire alarm, escape route', says Delhi Police's FIR........Bengal government starts selling onion from ration shops........Diamond businessman's family among 18 to take Diksha on December 2.......
A National English Weekly
Spiritual News
Manit Joura and Achherr Bhaardwaj share their Lohri memories
Lohri is an auspicious day and is celebrated with a lot of enthusiasm especially in the Northern part of India. And festivals are one of the most important aspects of one's life that they miss after moving away from their family. Manit Joura and Achherr Bhaardwaaj who are now part of the Dangal TV family share their fond memories of this festival.
Manit who plays Harsh Shastri in Prem Bandhan says, "As soon as we enter January, all our warm clothes would be brought out as it would be really cold in Delhi. We had a very big lawn and the whole street used to come together and celebrate it. We used to sing a lot. We sometimes even went back to Punjab to celebrate there with our family. But after 2007, I moved to Mumbai and of course, we don't get to celebrate as we did back home. But I celebrate in my society along with my neighbours. I like celebrating all festivals as I feel it is important for us to know even the smallest ritual. So even when I am not home, I do it on a small plate with my mom instructing me on a video call. This year I will be celebrating with co-stars. And my mom will also be visiting so I am very excited to spend the day with her."
"As a kid, I remember we used to celebrate Lohri every year so I have too many special childhood memories related to Lohri. One of the main things I would really be excited about was setting up the bonfire and having homemade sweets. However, in Mumbai it's different, instead of bonfire and sweets it will just be a good dinner somewhere and catching up with my Punjabi friends," says Achherr who is seen as Lakhan Kothari in Aye Mere Humsafar. The actors do miss celebrating this festival with their family.
, Achherr Bhaardwaj, Indian Television, Manit Joura, TV Serials
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The game is available on mobile phones as well as other portable devices and can be downloaded on Android, ios, and Blueberry. | {
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Let women lead in Asia
of female political leaders. Corazon Aquino was elected as the Philippines' first female president in 1986. Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Prize winning opposition leader in Myanmar, led the National League of Democracy to election victory in 1990, although the results were eventually overruled by the military junta. In 2011, Yingluck Shinawatra was elected Thailand's first female prime minister at the age of 44.
But these are the exceptions. The political world in Asia remains dominated by men, and we need more women leaders who can broaden our political horizons.
There are certain strengths that women bring to the table that are important to leadership roles. In many countries around the world, women legislators have played a key role in passing progressive laws on domestic violence, employment, health care, social welfare and land reforms. As former Secretary of Defense Joseph Nye has observed, this is partly because women leaders tend to be more collaborative and understand how to use the soft powers of persuasion and diplomacy in addition to the hard power of command. Perhaps we could draw inspirations from Lung Ying-tai, a female cultural icon and the newly-appointed cultural minister of Taiwan, who reportedly joked that she wanted to be the defense minister so that she could spend the hefty military budget on increasing mutual understanding by throwing cultural events!
Asia stands out for its gap between female and male participation in politics and government. According to the UN report The World's Women in 2010, the average proportion of women in parliament in the four subregions of Asia ranges from 14% in East Asia to 20% in Southeast Asia. Figures from the World Economic Forum show that, with the exception of Nepal, no Asian nations have reached the 30% mark for women participation in parliament and ministerial positions.
Governments can play a key role in bringing more women into political decision making. According to a recent UN report, 2011 - 2012 Progress of the World's Women: In Pursuit of Justice, at least 23 of the 28 countries that have reached or exceeded 30% female participation in parliaments have used quotas to boost the number of women legislators.
The Nordic countries were early pioneers in bringing more women into governments and legislatures. In the 1970s, political parties in Denmark, Sweden and Norway introduced voluntary gender quotas. Today, Sweden has among the highest percentage (45%) of women in parliament in the world, while other Nordic countries are also strong in this respect. Finland and Norway now have more female ministers than male ones. Nepal is one rare bright spot in Asia. In 2007, it passed the Interim Constitution which stipulated that at least one third of parliamentary election candidates must be women.
Of course, reserving quotas for women in government is far from what is needed to empower women politically. It can take a long time to change outdated gender views, not only among men but also among women themselves. But these quotas send an important signal to societies, and will stimulate change and encourage women to be more publicly visible. Together with other supportive policies, women can contribute much to the social well-being of Asia.
For more information, check out the Global Gender Gap Index in Google's Public Data Explorer.
posted by Andy Yee, Policy Analyst at Google
Each year, International Women's Day reminds us of the remarkable progress that has been made in the empowerment of women around the world. A century ago, just two countries in the world allowed women to vote. Today, there are more female heads of state, ministers and parliamentarians than ever.
Asia is not without remarkable examples of female political leaders. Corazon Aquino was elected as the Philippines' first female president in 1986. Aung San Suu Kyi, a Nobel Prize winning opposition leader in Myanmar, led the National League of Democracy to election victory in 1990, although the results were eventually overruled by the military junta. In 2011, Yingluck Shinawatra was elected Thailand's first female prime minister at the age of 44.
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It's known that an important aspect of the American Dream is homeownership—one thing that isn't as available to some demographics as others. In a Apartment List report that will be released next week, Apartment List found that homeownership rates among households headed by prime working age adults ages 25 to 54, there is over a 30 percent gap between white and black households, with other races falling somewhere in between.
According to the report, the racial divide accentuates the increasing inequality present in the United States currently. Since building equity ultimately builds wealth, the net worth of the average homeowner is 36 times more than that of the average renter. The report also goes into detail on the differences in education and the attainment of homeownership. Though homeownership used to be attainable at all levels of the educational spectrum, now, it's not as much. | {
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Four elections and a referendum: It's been a helluva five years. With the new SNP Government now sworn in the party can at last move off a permanent war footing. It's time to take stock, re-group and plan.
And what a change in the political terrain has taken place. The Labour heartlands are no more. Once the party of the working class, Labour is now only capable of clinging on to constituencies that contain a substantial liberal middle class committed to voting tactically to keep the SNP out. And the SNP, although still able to straddle the class divide in its appeal, is now without doubt the political representative of central Scotland's working class communities.
The turbulence of the referendum has settled to create a new political schism in Scotland. Where once the battles between left and right and between nationalist and unionist had separate, if inter-related, narratives, now they have almost completely overlapped. Scotland is now politically aligned with a left of centre majority espousing the road to independence and a right-of-centre opposition eulogising the Union.
Support for public services, the fight for equality and a fair redistributive tax system are now synonymous with self-government, whereas low taxes, public spending cuts and inequality are identified with Unionism. That's a split I like; because that's a battle we can win.
The first consequence of this new political reality is that Labour have not yet hit bottom. In the Venn diagram of contemporary Scottish politics the overlap between Unionism and socialism is smaller than ever and if Labour cannot, or will not, break out of that space it has further still to fall. It isn't enough to say the constitution is a distraction. In the contest between a left of centre Scottish Government pursuing social democratic objectives and a Conservative and Unionist Party trying to stop them, sides will have to be taken.
We now have a situation where the SNP has convincingly won every electoral contest in recent times commanding the support of up to half of the electorate and yet it's central proposition of Scotland becoming an independent country was rejected just 21 months ago.
The Tory claims that the Scottish Government does not have a mandate to ask people about their own independence again are nonsense. The SNP were elected saying that in certain circumstances there could and should be a second referendum. But unless things change there's little point asking the same question only to get the same answer.
Sometimes things change in spite of our best endeavours. And sometimes we have to make our own history. That's what this summer's launch of a new campaign for independence is all about. Changing the terrain, moving support for independence from 45 to over 60 percent.
It would be wrong to think of this as a single event. It has to be a multi-faceted process, reaching out and engaging with those who voted no last time. There will be some who we will never convince, whose minds will be closed to dialogue, but they are the minority. There are a great number of people who voted No but could be described as i-curious. It wasn't that they would never consider the idea but the time wasn't right. They worried that we couldn't afford it, or that others would sabotage the endeavour. These are our audience.
Part of this exercise needs to be introspective. Whilst I'd hate to see us just talking to ourselves it's right to take time to look at what we can learn from the experience of 2014. We need to revise the offer – partly because there might be better ways of putting it, but also because the world has changed.
Major policies need to be revisited. Is it credible to argue for a sterling zone when the biggest player says no? Maybe it is, maybe bluffs need to be called. But maybe we need a better plan B, the existence of which might well make the UK exchequer take a different view anyway.
And we need a new energy policy centred on making Scotland Europe's renewables capital. It was the No campaign who claimed Scotland's independence was predicated on the barrel price of oil. It never was and it'll be even less so next time round.
Perhaps most of all we need to tackle the slur of separatism. This was used by our opponents to suggest that Scottish independence was a desire for isolation, building barriers between the peoples of these islands, crudely suggesting that xenophobia was at its heart. The Yes campaign countered these arguments but we failed to reach enough people and the dirt stuck.
Central to our next campaign should be the argument that independence far from separating Scotland from the rest of Britain, or the world, is our route to participation in it. This is the means by which we can practice real solidarity with people elsewhere on the planet. In fact it is the Union, and the constant requirement to communicate with the world through the prism of London, which keeps us separate and denies our potential contribution to the world.
We also need to examine the entire area of economic equality and public services. Here, perhaps more than anywhere else, we need to distinguish between powers and the political choice to use them. It's a tricky one. I, for example, don't have a problem with having Scandinavian levels of tax to fund Scandinavian levels of public services. I'd like to see the public realm account for closer to 40% of GDP than the 35% it does at the moment. But, I wouldn't make that a pre-condition to voting for independence. It's the right to choose that's important here – not what we might do with it.
In areas like this the actual administration of devolved powers can be used to illustrate their shortcomings and why, rather than piecemeal devolution, independence is a better way of government. For example we know that the ability to increase income tax rates for the super-rich is a con as they can simply pay themselves a different way. So unless we have control over the taxation of all income, including dividends, then we really have control over very little. Now, there may or may not be a majority for implementing a 50% tax rate, but I think the choice ought to be available to the Scottish Government if it so chooses. And so independence is the answer to one of the many inadequacies of the current Scotland Act.
The demographics are with us in this journey. One of the most important groups of people who rejected independence were the over 60s. They were the children of the 1945 Labour government. They saw the creation of the NHS. They were beneficiaries of the Wilson expansion of education. For many the Union had a positive balance sheet with their own experience trumping Thatcher's cuts and Blair's illegal wars. But time moves on. Memories fade, people die. The next time the question is asked the negatives of the Union will outweigh the positives for more people.
All of these topics need discussed with the vast array of organisations and experienced people who have a stake in them. In the process we may improve our plans and win support at the same time. It means the SNP understanding that it is leading something bigger than itself and being prepared to engage with those outside its ranks. Structures can be loose and timescales flexible, it is the process of reaching out that is the most important.
Paradoxically, a renewed debate on what independence means and how to get it could also energise the party itself. Around 100,000 people have joined the SNP since, and mostly because of, the referendum. They are a tremendous resource. Their expertise, knowledge and wisdom can be harnessed by the party to shape a prospectus practically rooted in experience and garnished with collective ambition.
Remember how you felt in the summer of 2014. When it looked like we could win. When because independence was possible, everything was possible.
Remember the creativity, the excitement, the energy, the ideas? Well, now's the time to harness that again.
Now there's somewhere for it to go that's not just about winning elections, but drawing up a plan to change the world.
This article was first published by Tommy Sheppard on his own blog here. Republished with kind permission.
Can I just say that I've never seen a more appalling statement, Mr Sheppard. And I voted YES.
There were several points made but you haven't said what was so appalling.
No, he was simply stating a fact of life, or rather death.
The big question though is whether this opposition to indy is a characteristic of people born before a certain date, say pre-1955, or whenever; or whether it´s rather a characteristic of people who have reached a certain age. In the latter case simply letting time pass will not help because as younger people age they will, in this scenario, become less inclined to back indy.
And negative for other UK and EU- born voters.
I'm over 60 and I'm entirely comfortable with the statement.
It would only be controversial if it were a wish for older voters to hurry up and shuffle off – not a statement of fact. The demographics just can't be ignored.
Another 4 or 5 years of younger voters joining the electorate could be worth a few points to the YES side.
Many older folks will always be harder to convince for a number of reasons. They were brought up under direct London rule with no Scottish parliament; they are less likely to be on the internet; and the NO voters are constantly replenished by retirees from south of the border.
And what currency will we use in an independent Scotland?
If Tommy is not prepared to engage with the difficult questions, then this relaunch will just be treading water amongst the already converted (though probably still better than what Hosie would have delivered).
The SNP has achieved success for two reasons: by being more competent than post-Blair Labour, and by separating voting for the SNP and voting for independence. The latter is both good and bad.
The former? I think the political wheel now turns more quickly. If the SNP (hello Mr Hosie) loses touch with the electors the way Labour has then it will fall as or more quickly.
For me the current test is ship to ship oil transfer in the Cromarty Firth. Quick profit for the port authority or risk of long-term damage to the environment and wildlife tourism? The SNP needs to speak up.
This reads more like a fairly broad brush, back-of-an-envelope political party strategy piece than offering any real vision or passion for our nation. Lets face it, the 56 'roaring lions' settled in to Westminister when they should have settled up. The weekly 'Scottish Questions' theatre show excites nobody outside the political bubble and achieves precisely nothing. While SNP politicians concentrate on their 'careers' for 5 years, Rome continues to burn. What was that saying about patriotism?
I believe our own currency would be best in the long run. But most mortgage payers will shiver at the prospect of their debts being in a foreign currency. Salmond got it right politically last time.
It is true that 2014 No voters are dying faster than 2014 Yes voters. But the arguments will have to be won again in a new context.
Salmond gave the unionists a gift – the chance to call his bluff on Plan A.
There was no Plan B.
Had Yes Scotland been stronger, I think we would have seen Plans B through to D or E, but that organisation was too tightly whipped.
Interesting article but it doesn't take a genius to see that Tommy is making a play to put himself in the now empty Hosie seat, coordinating the SNP referendum reboot this summer. Don't get me wrong, I enjoy Tommy's speeches in Parliament and he's made a good start – he's a good orator, intelligent and passionate. However, I think a wee bit of humility might be in order – don't think he's been in the party long enough or 'earned his stripes' to lead the referendum reboot quite yet. So maybe a bit more humility needed for Tommy and a few more years' hard graft before making a play for the top. Bloody politicians!
I don't know if this is an official appointment, or an unsolicited job application, but from what I know of Tommy's politics, I wonder if we don't also need a centre-right wrangler to complement him?
Again, going back to the post-referendum results, it was the higher income groups that often voted No. Rather than another run at lower income voters, who do seem to be persuaded, don't we now need to connect with these professional groups?
A Swinney or Ewing (F), setting out how an independent Scotland will be a place in which personal (or even large-sized) aspirations can be realised might be more to the point. I wouldn't roll out McColl – I think you need to have thrown in your lot to be credible.
I voted YES and am 67 and still alive (or so I am told)! Throughout the time of my political awareness I have been a supporter of independence. My conviction has been strengthened during this time and my wish is to witness my status as a SCOTTISH citizen. I grew up with the notion that Labour was "the party of the working man". In my earlier years I was a "long-term unemployed" with all the approbation that this working-man party could deliver. To take a deep breath and consider the world I lived in was a revelation as a young man. Hope this old fogey makes it to the line!
Just discovered, Tommy, you are only 10 years my junior! Any relation to the Tam Sheppard who used to have the joke shop in Glasgow's Queen Street? Grow up, son. Hope to see you in an independent country.
Splendidly written article Mr Shepherd , you write as good as you speak , and you surely need a more prominent position in the party .
I hope you will stand for deputy leader , and take up the challenge later in the summer to relaunch the campaign .
I will grant you Tommy Sheppard talks a good game but I reckon after a few halfs and in company he trusts he would admit a deep pessimism; because he does not believe a word of the above. His reflections on The Summer of 2014 already sound like a passage from Brigadoon. His claim that "the demographics are with us" are meaningless. Yes the majority of over 55s voted NO and yes if they all die off (in 30 years time) the vote in a second referendum might be different. But what Tommy omits to say is that a second referendum needs to be called before it is won. This is a rather obvious fact nationalists will not face up to.
The one last hope is a Brexit vote. That is unlikely but not impossible. If it is a vote to Remain, as the SNP are campaigning for (funny thing politics) any prospect of a second referendum are as slim as my wallet. Cameron/Mundell/Davidson/Rennie/Dugdale/Foulkes/ to name but a few of our unionist countrymen will never tire of explaining to those that don't understand, the union is safe, forget about independence, its over. In fact I believe the message is going to be a lot louder and much more assertive. They cannot wait for 26 June to explain something that some nationalists don't understand (although I don't think Tommy Sheppard is one of them), that is the referendum of 2014 not only secured the union, it strengthened it.
I do confess to being an admirer of an eloquent speaker, and Tommy will find greater fame as a public speaker in years to come,I am sure.
I also agree there is a woeful lack of detail , and harking back to the Summer of 2014 , may well be a bonding experience , for others on the "NO " side , it was fraught with tension and anxiety .
To challenge the strategy would cause deep disruption in the movement , but it will have to be done, what no one acknowledges, is that for every voter converted , another was dissuaded .
As opinions intensified and entrenched , you are right it actually strength ed the Union.
The Ashcroft polling is available online, and I think has to be addressed by anyone thinking about restarting the public campaign.
From memory, economy including currency, shared culture and tax were the threr most important reasons for no voters.
No voters in the poll were also much more likely to have made up their minds early in the campaign, so this won't be a quick effort, or a few soundbites. It will need getting alongside No voters and understanding their worldview.
I dont know what your talking about. Read it twice. You don't make sense.
Lets talk after 25 June. Im sure things are going to be a lot clearer. Regards, R.
Can you briefly explain your assertion that the 2014 referendum strengthened the union?
Surprised to see that written. Even commentators like Effie Deans continue to devote pointless bytes of shrill content in an attempt to safeguard it's continuance.
It is a pity tommy shepherds article is being talked about for one small section of it , I personally think Tommy has just stated the bleedn obvious , most older people digest the news presented to them from the BBC Daily Record etc and for the most part are oblivious to what has actually happend since the referendum and a whole lot of people not just the elderly truly believe the Vow has been delivered and the SNP are just trying to be awkward this just shows how the media in general are working to conceal and so far quite successfully the undelivered Vow .
Having listened to Tommy on a fair number of occasions i bet he meant no offence to anyone in the statement he made and would be the first to apologise if anyone took offence .
I had a conversation in a pub with roughly 8 people in my group.
6 Were definate no's fundamentalists, one had voted yes but was swithering maybe peer pressure. The 8th said it just wasn't the time or the time was not right. That there number 8 is our target group. It's economics that get these people to vote yes. They are probably just as patriotic as me!
In the first 6 was an English guy who was smug and thought he was operating on a higher plain than me. Fundamentally he said he wanted to protect his nationality. I explained that he was English and would always be so no matter what country he lived in, so what was he scared of. The British nationality that was it. He viewed Scotland as part of his country like Yorkshire. These types are not worth the oxygen. Arrogant plantagonists!
The switherer thought that the oil crisis had destroyed the argument. Have you ever tried to explain fiscal economics when you are outnumbred 8/1. In the end I said the table did not accurately match or reflect how Scotland had voted. So it was unfare to have 8 people all agreeing with each other for different reasons.
The final insult was Scotland voted no so get on with it. I asked if that meant the 45% had to just be ignored and left to rot ……….silence.
For Yoons democracy is about winning at all costs and binning anyone who doesn't agree with you. I do fear for the switherers who might now drift away though.
Tommy doesn't seem to have bothered to look into his own parties tax and spend policies for the decade. Is at total brass neck or is it utter delusion? Tommy, you're just a facade for sometimes centre right, sometimes centre left nationalist party. If Scotland were genuinely about redsitribution and ending inequality they would have vote for RISE or another genuinely left party. Oh and it's not a battle you can win because despite the rhetoric, as we have repeatedly seen, Scotland is no different from anywhere else. Talks left acts right, and the middle classes far out number the working classes.
– Tommy thinks questions were 'debunked' (hence dead issues). errr, no.
– Hatred of Britain and all things British works *against* converting any non-mouthbreather.
45% was probably peak unless SAS invades. | {
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Jimmy Eat World Drop New Video, "Sure and Certain"
By Riot Fest / August 30, 2016 August 30, 2016 / Chicago, News
Jimmy Eat World has released a new video for "Sure and Certain." The song is from its upcoming ninth studio album, Integrity Blues. The album, produced by Justin Meldal-Johnsen (Paramore, Tegan and Sara, M83) will be released on October, 21 on RCA Records.
Check out the video below. It's a lyric video, so you'll definitely have time to practice up so you can sing along with the band when they play Riot Fest Chicago on September 16.
chicago emo Integrity Blues jimmy eat world Justin Meldal-Johnsen lyric video RCA Records Riot fest & Carnival video release | {
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The GTP38R features a ball bearing center cartridge for quicker response, employs a 66/88mm compress..
Brand new, stock replacement turbo for early 1999 7.3L Power Stroke. This turbo will only work on en..
Complete, bolt-in turbocharger for your early 1999 7.3L (built before 12/07/1998). Cooler EGTs and m..
Billet fuel sump with 1/2" NPT outlet. Kit includes all hardware for installation. Dropping the tank..
Irate Diesel Regulated Return System 304 stainless hardlines with Fuelab regulator and Parker fittin.. | {
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Commentary on Economics, Information and Human Action
About Lynne Kiesling
About Michael Giberson
A Heat Wave Without Blackouts
Posted on July 26, 2011 November 26, 2020 by Lynne Kiesling
Lynne Kiesling
Last week's heat wave in the US was record-setting. Historically, the combination of a persistent heat wave with static, regulated retail markets and fixed prices has resulted in brownouts or blackouts in peak hours (and, at least from my personal experience with ComEd, exploding transformers in substations). However, as reported by Martin LaMonica in CNet today, such was not the case last week (apart from some isolated small events around New York). Why not? Two things: peaking plants that operate only a few hours a year provided additional generation, and large-scale demand response provided peak demand reductions:
Grid operators met soaring demand by ordering power from addition generators, called "peaker plants," which only operate a few days a year. But ratcheting down power demand across many locations, sometimes called a virtual power plant, is increasingly being used to maintain grid stability–and keep a cap on energy prices. Demand response provider EnerNoc today said it curtailed 1,230 megawatts of power through utilities across the U.S. last week, the most it has done yet. …
Rather than contact large energy users individually as they used, grid operators now work through third-party demand response companies, such as EnerNoc and Comverge. By participating in the voluntary programs, customers, who can be businesses or consumers, receive a payment or have reduced rates. Demand reductions can be automatic, such as adjusting lighting in a warehouse or changing the settings for an air conditioner.
Demand-response companies contract with customers to manage their electricity use, bid demand reductions into organized wholesale power markets, and essentially split the surplus with their customers. Note the win-win-win-win nature of this: customer saves money even after paying the DR company, DR company profits, peak demand is reduced and reliability maintained, and wholesale electricity prices don't increase by as much as they would otherwise.
The administratively-determined demand response "products" in wholesale markets are not perfect, the demand curve in most organized wholesale markets is an artificial construction based on too many static and fixed retail prices, and there are lots of payment disagreements and nuances in wholesale markets that arise from both the administrative definition of the product and the economic interests of the generators and the DR companies who are both jockeying for "economic dispatch" in the wholesale supply curve. That said, though, it's clear that even in this incomplete and imperfect set of markets, large-scale demand response is providing value during peak hours in heat waves.
But the persistence of such a regulated and administrative approach is hampering efficacy and value creation in other "programs". As LaMonica notes,
Not all demand response programs worked out as well as hoped last week. Baltimore Gas and Electric has a PeakRewards program, where it can reduce load by dialing down consumers' air conditioner thermostats in exchange for annual credits worth $200 in the first year and then $100 per year. Making use of the voluntary program reduced 600 megawatts from the grid, which prevented black outs or brownouts, BGE said.
But the utility admitted yesterday that it needs to review its procedures after people were left without air conditioners for several hours on Friday when temperatures hit 108 degrees, according to reports. BGE said it intends to improve communication, including potentially calling affected consumers. It's also investigating why the air conditioning cycling didn't restore cooling in about 30 minutes after the end of the emergency demand response event.
I remain as skeptical about air conditioner cycling programs as I have always been — programs, programs, programs, not markets, not prices, not any truly interesting or valuable ways of actually exploiting the features of digital technology to benefit consumers and profit firms. Whether it's air conditioner cycling or energy efficiency, regulated distribution utilities and regulators seem incapable of thinking in terms of anything other than a "program"!
Not good enough. The technology exists to do better, to allow consumers to use the technology to set more granular temperature changes in response to changes in prices, to enable a truly transactive network. Increasingly consumers will expect better, especially when the deficiencies of these administered "programs" continue.
Posted in Economics, Electricity
First Thoughts on Spotify
Catching My Eye This Morning …
2 thoughts on "A Heat Wave Without Blackouts"
David Zetland says:
I agree that prices are better than programs, but managers prefer programs b/c they can "know" the peak load reduction in advance. (Same goes for the cap and trade vs. carbon tax debate)
The trouble is that these programs may not deliver advertised reductions and the certainly don't do so efficiently (can't get 1% reductions in many places due to high transaction costs of enrollment; prices are transparent and easy to respond to).
Ed Reid says:
The natural gas industry has had its experience with "programs", specifically interruptible service contracts, which were available at reduced rates. Many small to medium commercial customers, at the instigation of their marketers (including dearly departed "what's their name"), entered into these contracts because the marketers had told them that the utilities did not have "enough guys with enough wrenches to turn their services off". When interruptions were called, the customers just ignored them, thus obviating any potential benefit from the program. Frequently, they were extremely insulting to the representatives who contacted them.
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A young woman returns an elderly widow's lost purse, leading to an unlikely relationship between the two — until the young woman discovers her elder might not be all that she seems.
Director: Neil Jordan
Actors: Chloë Grace Moretz, Colm Feore, Isabelle Huppert, Jeff Hiller, Maika Monroe, Stephen Rea, Zawe Ashton
Country: Ireland, USA
Keywords:HD
Server vidlox
A man stranded in the Arctic is finally about to receive his long awaited rescue. However, after a tragic accident, his opportunity is lost and he must then decide whether…
Synopsis: After the earth-shattering revelations of Insurgent, Tris must escape with Four beyond the wall that encircles Chicago, to finally discover the shocking truth of the world around them.
Synopsis: A scientist and a teacher living in a dystopian future embark on a journey of survival with a special young girl named Melanie.
Genre: Drama, Horror, Science Fiction, Thriller
A young grandmother in a small Pennsylvania town raises her daughter's child after the girl disappears. All the while, a desperate search for her continues.
Synopsis: In Nazi-occupied France during World War II, a plan to assassinate Nazi leaders by a group of Jewish U.S. soldiers coincides with a theatre owner's vengeful plans for the same.
Genre: Action, Drama, Thriller, War
Synopsis: A 17-year-old girl suffers from a condition that prevents her from being out in the sunlight.
Victoria & Abdul
Synopsis: Queen Victoria strikes up an unlikely friendship with a young Indian clerk named Abdul Karim.
Synopsis: The film will reveal the relationship of a father who lived and died by the mob code and a son who, while brought up to lead a life of crime,…
Jane and Emma
Synopsis: Two women. One white. The other black. Society mandated they be enemies. The gospel of Jesus Christ required they be friends. On the eve of the death of Joseph Smith,…
Genre: Drama, Upcoming
Synopsis: In the dark heart of a sprawling, anonymous city, TERMINAL follows the twisting tales of two assassins carrying out a sinister mission, a teacher battling a fatal illness, an enigmatic…
Country: Hong Kong, Hungary, Ireland, UK, USA
Synopsis: The true story of an English boxer incarcerated in one of Thailand's most notorious prisons as he fights in Muay Thai tournaments to earn his freedom.
Country: Cambodia, China, France, UK, USA
Synopsis: From master storyteller Guillermo del Toro comes THE SHAPE OF WATER, an otherworldly fable set against the backdrop of Cold War era America circa 1962. In the hidden high-security government…
Sobibor
The film is based on a real story that happened in 1943 in the Sobibor concentration camp in German-occupied Poland. The main character of the movie is the Soviet-Jewish soldier…
An unexpected affair quickly escalates into a heart-stopping reality for two women whose passionate connection changes their lives forever.
The Quake
Genre: Action, Drama, Thriller
Madeline's Madeline
Synopsis: A theater director's latest project takes on a life of its own when her young star takes her performance too seriously.
During the marijuana bonanza, a violent decade that saw the origins of drug trafficking in Colombia, Rapayet and his indigenous Wayuu family get involved in a booming business of selling…
Trailer: Greta | {
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Dulegaunda is a town and market center in Shuklagandaki Municipality in Tanahun District in the Gandaki Zone of central Nepal. The formerly Village Development Committee was merged to form the new municipality since 18 May 2014. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 7412 people living in 1507 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Tanahu District
Populated places in Tanahun District | {
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POLARIS MEMOVOX
POLARIS CHRONOGRAPH
POLARIS DATE
Exclusive edition of 60 movements
Heat-oxidized yellow titanium case
High performance escapement with "triple pare-chute" protection
Patented spherical moonphase
Floating lugs maximize comfort on wrist
The Shinola Hotel In Detroit: Everything For The Watch Aficionado
by Elizabeth Doerr
People generally don't think of Detroit as a super welcoming place. At least I don't. And that's fair for me to say because I grew up there.
But when Shinola first opened its factory right in downtown Detroit of all places, I felt welcomed there. And not just because I was invited down to Cass Corridor to inspect the premises and meet the employees, but also because I like the Shinola watches – regardless of the fact that they were only quartz powered at that time – because they capture a spirit that I feel close to and want to be part of.
Since those first days of the gorgeous Gomelsky watch – the first ladies' watch in the fledgling collection of four models that also included the Runwell – and the one with the best backstory about its naming, Shinola, under the careful and clever leadership of Fossil founder Tom Kartsotis, has grown by leaps and bounds, quickly adding so many wonderful and largely American-made products to its collections that six years later I would perhaps now describe Shinola as a lifestyle brand rather than a pure watch brand.
The original Shinola Gomelsky from 2013 against the backdrop of Lake Michigan
Yes, Shinola makes watches, and I would say it still does so as its main focus. But the company's 600-odd employees (more than 350 of which are in Detroit) also make a host of other things ranging from leather products and paper wares to clothing, turntables, and bicycles all exhibiting the magnificent corporate identity that draws them together and allows the consumer to recognize immediately that this is a product made by Shinola.
Shinola, incidentally pronounced with a long "i" (as in "shy"), was a defunct brand of shoe polish founded in 1877. Its popularity primarily in the first half of the twentieth century spawned a famous saying many Americans of generations ahead of mine were familiar with: "you don't know shit from Shinola."
Well, Kartsotis and his crew, which now includes CEO Tom Lewand (a former Detroit Lions president) and new brand president Shannon Washburn, certainly do seem to know their shit from their Shinola (and, yes, the company also offers shoe polish in its repertoire!).
The latest offering from Shinola is a gorgeous hotel planted smack in the center of downtown Detroit (in new-Detroit speak: "midtown") right on Woodward Avenue: the long-awaited and brutally beautiful Shinola Hotel.
Downtown Detroit – or Midtown Detroit if you're a millennial
Detroit has been going through a renaissance. And while I wouldn't say this renaissance is due to Shinola, I will go so far to say that the brand founded in 2011 has certainly contributed to Detroit's rejuvenation in a fairly significant way.
A Shinola clock in front of historic Cobo Hall, Detroit (photo courtesy Shinola)
When I visited the Shinola factory in 2013, neatly ensconced in the historic Argonaut building – which from 1936 through 1956 housed the General Motors Research Laboratory, the automotive industry's first in-house research and design studio – I had the opportunity to sit down with former Shinola president Jacques Panis, who left the brand in 2018 after seven years at the startup. Panis left a great impression on me with his heartfelt enthusiasm directed not only at his work but also the city of my birth.
"For me, Detroit is the city of opportunity. It is a place that needs some tender loving care and can benefit from young entrepreneurs coming in and doing great things, and there are many of those kinds of guys in Detroit today just doing incredible things and really bringing life back to that city," Panis said at the time. "We're just a very small part of that and if we can continue to be a very small part of that, it's brilliant and we're very fortunate. We're very humbled by the community in Detroit and how they have responded to us."
Inside the Shinola factory in Detroit's Argonaut building (photo courtesy Shinola)
Shinola has certainly aided in making "midtown downtown" a new-old destination with its flagship boutique at 441 W. Canfield in Detroit's "Cass Corridor," now an up-and-coming "gentrified" neighborhood as they say. I might even go so far as to say in the same spirit that the brand has contributed to making wearing a watch cool again.
I can report from personal experience how my own aunts, uncles, and cousins look out these watches and proudly wear them. My 19-year-old nephew, who had never worn a watch before in his life, suddenly expressed the desire to own a Shinola. So there's that too.
"People believe in American manufacturing; people believe in that city called Detroit," Panis also said to me in 2013, a statement as relevant today as it was six years ago. "People believe, and we believe, if we can continue to deliver products of the highest quality that are built to last, then we will be able to continue creating jobs and continue adhering to the mission of this company, which is to do just that: create jobs and innovate."
The new hotel is at 1400 Woodward facing what is currently a construction site that used to be home to the historic Hudson's department store, whose lunch counter and Santa visits so many people of my age will remember with nostalgia-colored fondness. Formerly occupying the entire 1200 block of Woodward, the building begun in 1891 was once the tallest retail building in the world at 25 stories.
That site, vacant since 1998, is destined to become a mixed-use development setting its own record: it will become the tallest building in Michigan, standing proud at 912 feet (about 300 meters).
Beyond the Shinola Hotel to the Hudson's site
Considering the fascinating mix of new and old in this neighborhood, this is actually a great location for a Detroit hotel. It is also walking distance from the major sporting venues that are home to Detroit's professional teams, including hockey's Red Wings, the Music Hall Center for the Performing Arts, the Detroit Opera House, and even the Fox Theater, a National Historic Landmark also on the National Register of Historic Places.
And the hotel is easy walking distance from the hopping gastronomic pleasure of Greektown, which is where I chose to dine on my evening at the hotel, as well as the new casinos.
Shinola Hotel: the building
When you approach the Shinola Hotel, which is a joint venture between Shinola and Bedrock Detroit, what greets you is a modernish high-rise that visually offers its roots up so that it seamlessly fits in with the historic edifices surrounding it.
The Shinola Hotel as seen from Woodward Avenue, Detroit
The reason for the Shinola Hotel's interesting architecture is easily explained: it is actually made up of five buildings, including one once belonging to the Singer Sewing Machine Company and another that was the T.B. Rayl & Co. hardware and sporting goods store; the latter's terracotta tiles are still in evidence on the façade. It is this building erected in 1915 that comprises the main structure of the Shinola Hotel.
The hotel also necessitated the demolition and rebuild of three other buildings on the block.
From across the street, it is easy to recognize the five separate buildings making up the Shinola Hotel and boutique
I can't say enough about the attention to detail that was evident in every nook and cranny of this establishment. For example, a mold was taken of the previously mentioned restored terracotta tiles and used to create the ceiling of the incredible events space, which would be perfect for weddings and other happy occasions.
And there's the wallpaper, whose patterns were inspired from vintage designs found on the properties during renovations. There are five wallpaper designs throughout the hotel, all manufactured by Detroit Wallpaper Company, whose guiding belief is that wallpaper is art.
A closer look at the main Shinola Hotel building reveals restored original terracotta tiles from T.B. Rayl & Co.; the clock is also original (though it has a restored dial)
The hotel's furniture and other accessories were designed and primarily manufactured in the United States, as much of which was made in Michigan as possible. Michigan-based companies include Pewabic (ceramics/pottery), Booms Stone Company, and Great Lakes Stainless (metals in the public spaces).
The spacious lobby bar the hotel calls the living room is jaw-droppingly beautiful with its fireplace, noticeable art, and comfy seats. If you're a hotel guest, you can follow a short staircase from the original building lined by an original iron handrail to a mezzanine lounge space/common room containing comfy seats, tables, games, a pool table, and books.
A view of the 'living room' from the mezzanine lounge staircase
The hotel is filled with art curated by Detroit gallery Library Street Collective. The reception area is decorated with a four-wall floor-to-ceiling piece by Margo Wolowiec of Detroit, while the "living room" (lobby bar) is decorated with many different pieces.
An acrylic painting by astronaut Alan Bean hangs in the Shinola Hotel lobby; underneath it here The Moon Bean Watch
I came across a super interesting piece of art in one of the many hallways: a 1986 painting by former NASA astronaut Alan Bean – the fourth man to set foot on the moon – called "That's How It Felt To Walk On The Moon." It turns out Bean resigned from NASA in 1981 to devote his life to painting. Shinola had dedicated a chronograph to him in 2018 in its Great American Series called The Moon Bean Watch. Bean passed away on May 26, 2018 at the age of 86.
Watches in the hotel: the attached Shinola boutique
One of the first things I noticed upon checking in to the four-star Shinola Hotel was that the ultra-friendly – ah, I do miss that Midwestern friendliness! – employees almost all wore Shinola watches. I found out later that the employees were each given a watch from the Shinola Hotel Collection once they had worked there for six months.
The Shinola Hotel Collection watch can be purchased by anyone
I even spotted several guests wearing Shinola watches. But that's not entirely uncommon in Michigan anymore, come to think of it.
Those sightings could also well be chalked up to the large boutique attached to the hotel, whose front entrance is on Woodward. A side entrance allows entry directly from the hotel.
Stepping into this boutique is just like stepping into any Shinola boutique; they do all look the same with their cozy furnishings, comfortable lighting, and muted wood tones. They are designed to instantly make you feel at home – welcome – and that they do.
The boutique attached to the Shinola Hotel
And this 1,600-square-foot (about 150 square meters) boutique has a grand selection of Shinola's products. Noteworthy is the engraving station where a notebook or wallet can be personalized on the spot.
Shinola Hotel: the rooms
The hotel with 129 stylish rooms and suites does not feel large (in a good way). Most of the rooms are different from each other, not cookie-cutter in style, which certainly adds to their attraction and cozy feel. Cozy and welcoming.
The analogue feel of the rooms in the Shinola Hotel is enhanced by details (photo courtesy Nicole Franzen/Shinola)
And perhaps this is also because the rooms are outfitted with Shinola products, many of which were made just for the hotel (and can be purchased there), including the Alpaca throw blanket, Runwell turntable, and of course desk clocks.
I was lucky to call one of the Gallery suites home for 24 hours, and I couldn't have been happier with the spacious living space, beautiful balcony, and breathtaking view down Woodward.
These rooms are a total immersion into the Shinola world, as if the reception and lobby area hadn't already provided that: a unique feeling of digital meeting analogue and old Detroit meeting new Detroit.
The Runwell turntable and bluetooth speakers in the author's Shinola Hotel room
I love the Runwell turntables, bluetooth speakers, and small selection of vinyl records (including Miles Davis, the Rolling Stones, and David Bowie). I think, though, to make the Detroit stay just perfect it might be nice for the hotel to include more hometown musicians from Motown and/or the likes of Bob Seger, the Romantics, Iggy Pop, and Mitch Ryder. But that's just me, the music fan, talking here.
The vintage-sweet mini bar at the Shinola Hotel
The mini bar also surprised and delighted me with its vintage-style mix of treats and drinks, including the delicious Shinola Cola, bottled by Intrastate Distributors, who also makes Towne Club pop – a Michigan childhood treat if there ever was one! And Michigan's own Vernor's ginger ale was of course stocked in the refrigerator.
In the spacious bathroom, custom fixtures by Waterworks were inspired by Shinola watches' case back details. The bathrooms are also outfitted with a line of hotel toiletries called Rayl's; the hotel owners created it in honor of T.B. Rayl & Co.
If I were to criticize any part of my stay – and, believe me, I've had to reach to find any flaw – it would center around these toiletries, which are quite chemical laden. As someone who takes care with what I put on my skin, I am not a fan of the ingredients.
The robe in the Shinola Hotel's amazing bathroom isn't about to let you forget where you are
The entirety of this well-designed and thought out hotel with 17 working fireplaces is that it mixes a good dose of vintage Detroit architecture with the classic Shinola style that has evolved over these last years. And that's an amazing environment to spend time (get it?) in.
Shinola Hotel: the restaurants
The hotel is situated near a groovy coffee shop called Madcap Coffee in nearby Parker's Alley – named for Thomas Parker, one of Detroit's first African-American landowners – with amazing (and I do mean amazing!) java and surprisingly friendly barristas (oh, yeah, still in Michigan!). Parker's Alley is a dining and retail destination completed in partnership with Bedrock and the Shinola Hotel.
Parker's Alley, right next to the Shinola Hotel
But if you want to eat and/or drink in the Shinola hotel, you're in luck because there is plenty of opportunity. Directed by chef Andrew Carmellini of New York's NoHo Hospitality Group, there is the classic guest-only Evening Bar, the upscale and delicious San Morello Italian restaurant with bar, Penny Red's fried chicken, and the Brakeman beer hall with various Midwestern craft beers on tap.
If the latter's name sounds familiar it should: it is also the name of a popular Shinola watch style.
The Brakeman at the Shinola Hotel is a beer hall-style sports bar specializing in Midwestern craft beers
I had the pleasure of Sunday brunch at the San Morello and was delighted with the upscale and beautifully plated cuisine I was served. It was true bliss to eat my Belgian waffle and drink my coffee – Madcap if memory serves – while looking out the windows at Woodward, contemplating how in the world I – and the city of Detroit – got to this moment.
The author's delicious coffee and Shinola watch at the San Morello restaurant
The Birdy Room – Birdy being yet another nod to a Shinola watch line – is a gorgeous event space with vaulted glass ceilings in sunroom style, while Bixby Hall, whose ceiling recreates the style of the previously mentioned terracotta tiles from the façade, is an elegant and spacious event room that would be perfect for hosting wedding receptions. There is also a conference space called the Foundry Room done in dark woods and leathers for a sumptious feel.
The Shinola Hotel opened in January 2019, the third in a trio of upscale hotels with what are said to be standout dining opportunities in this area of Detroit.
A Shinola Hotel room key alongside the author's watch
Would I stay at the Shinola Hotel again? You better believe it! I have rarely felt so welcome in the city of my birth.
For more information, please visit www.shinolahotel.com.
Quick Facts Shinola brand
Founding: 2011 by Tom Kartsotis, founder of Fossil
Factory founding: 2012 in the Argonaut building, Detroit
First watch appeared: 2013
First boutique: the Shinola Detroit flagship, June 2013
Number of boutiques as of July 2019: 30 in the U.S., one in London, one in Toronto
Watch manufacturing: 500-700 watches per day
Leather straps: cutting and sewing done in-house
Other products by Shinola: bicycles, journals, audio collection (speakers, headphones, etc.), turntables, jewelry, pens, knives, tools, cold-weather accessories, backgammon set, etc.
Quick Facts Shinola Hotel
Address: 1400 Woodward Avenue, Detroit
Restaurants: Evening Bar (guests only), San Morello, Penny Red's, the Brakeman
Event space: Birdy Room, Bixby Hall, Foundry Room
Room pricing: starting around $200 per night
* Disclaimer: Shinola paid for the author's hotel night and breakfast.
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Very nice article! I'm happy to see Shinola doing well.
Elizabeth Doerr says:
Thank you, and I am too!
Pat Tricarico says:
Certainly a precision classy masterpiece. The Shinola watch is a standout from many.
I enjoy wearing mine.
Great work to the women and men of Shinola.
Proud to have you as my neighbor across the border in Windsor.
Dab e says:
Madcap was a huge addition. Best coffee in Michigan and fits perfectly with the Shinola vibe.
I thought so too. Thanks for reading!
Shinola Detrola The Champ: Benefiting Detroit's Healthcare Workers Amid The COVID-19 Crisis
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Models were out in quantity days before the kick-off of New York Fashion Week. Yes, it's that time again! Hold on to your Hadids, because we'll all soon be eyeballs-deep in Fall 2019 runway pics. I myself usually prefer the pics of people loitering around Fashion Week to the pics of the collections themselves, and I expect this year will be no different. But this does of course mean that runway bag pics are coming. So get excited.
As promised, here's Priyanka Chopra, returning home to her NYC apartment with a Goyard Dog Carrier.
She paired this floral pantsuit with a pink quilted Chanel Caviar CC Vanity Case for an appearance at GMA.
Model Noel Capri Berry was spotted cruising around in Soho while carrying a mini Chloé Faye Crossbody Bag.
Maggie Gyllenhaal carried this svelte Mansur Gavriel Crossbody Bag during a recent night out with her husband, Peter Sarsgaard (pictured here staring into the abyss).
Here's Karlie Kloss, posing on the sidewalks of NYC with a crisp new black leather Chanel Boy Bag.
Danai Gurira carried this petite Fendi Peekaboo to her own appearance on GMA. I so badly want her cockatoo shirt, and yet I know I'd never be able to pull it off.
Model Gizele Oliveira attended the Michael Kors launch party in NYC with the smaller version of the Gucci Basketball Bag.
Rosie Huntington-Whiteley paired this brand new Hermès Kelly Bag with a coat from Celine's Fall 2017 collection. Rosie was apparently so obsessed with this coat that she enlisted her Instagram followers to help her track one down. | {
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A Williamsport Law Firm is looking to add a part time secretary to their team. Duties: General typing, copying, scheduling appointments, backing up receptionist; answering phones and greeting client.
... responsiveness and adaptability, you may be the person we are seeking to join our Secretarial Department, in the Washington office, as an Assigned Secretary for our litigation practice groups.
Work Tuesday through Friday 11 am - 7 pm and every Saturday 9 am - 4 pm The Sales Dept Secretary is responsible for: Assisting Sales Manager to ensure smooth operation of Sales department.
You will be receiving job alerts for Secretary Jobs. | {
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The Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners ("Arizona Dental Board") is an Arizona administrative entity overseeing the licenses of practicing Arizona dentists and dental entities. This state agency regulates, disciplines and governs all Arizona licensed dentists including Arizona dental specialists.
Arizona Dental patients, pursuant to Arizona law are entitled to a copy of their dental records and an Arizona dental provider that refuses to provide their patient with a complete copy of his or her dental records can be subject to discipline by the Arizona Dental Board. If you feel that your Arizona dental provider is not being responsive, it may be helpful to put the record request in writing, addressing the request specifically to the dentist by name and send the request with some form of proof of delivery. If after a reasonable period of time the records have not been provided a follow-up phone call should be made to the dentist's office and then, if necessary, patients should consider calling the Arizona Board of Dental Examiners, (602) 242-1492 to seek assistance in obtaining their dental records.
Dental patients can inquire directly with their dentist if they are unclear whether or not their dentist is a specialist or a general practitioner. Patients can also call the Arizona Board of Dental Examiners (602) 242-1492 and ask if their dentist is a specialist. Unfortunately, this information is not available on the Arizona Dental Board's website.
The Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners has the statutory authority to review and hear complaints made by patients against dentists, dental-related positions, and dental offices authorized to practice dentistry in Arizona.
It is important to understand that the Arizona Dental Board is not a court of law but rather is a state administrative entity. For example, the Arizona Dental Board does not have the authority to award pain and suffering, lost wages, punitive or other damages against a dentist. Rather, the statutory remedies available to the Arizona Dental Board, include an award ordering restitution of the money the patient paid to the dentist, censure, non-discipline, discipline, suspension and/or revocation of the subject dentist's license.
Although the Dental Board has the authority to award an injured Arizona dental patient a refund or restitution and suspend and/or revoke an Arizona dentist's license the Arizona Dental Board rarely takes such actions. Additionally, the Dental Board cannot order an Arizona dentist to pay for corrective dental work the injured dental patient requires.
It is important to note that the findings of the Arizona Dental Board are not binding in a civil dental malpractice lawsuit the patient might elect to pursue. Patients can elect to file a formal complaint with the Dental Board while also pursuing a civil dental malpractice case against the same dentist. The two processes, a dental board complaint, and a civil dental malpractice claim work independently of one another.
As an initial matter, Arizona Dental patients should understand that there is only one state agency that regulates and governs Arizona dentists. The only regulatory authority Arizona dentists must answer to, as it pertains to the privilege to practice dentistry in Arizona, is the Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners.
The Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners (commonly referred to as the Arizona Dental Board) is the only entity that can take action against an Arizona Dentist's license. There are several dental trade groups and associations in Arizona with official-sounding names that can easily be confused with the state agency which regulates Arizona dentists. For example, an Arizona Dental patient who intends to file a complaint against his or her dentist with the state agency, The Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners, may unknowing discover they have submitted their complaint to a trade group of local dentists who are not affiliated with the official state agency. Such organizations are often referred to as peer review groups. Arizona dental patients should know that peer review groups are not part of the state agency that regulates Arizona dentists and that peer review groups have zero authority to take action against an Arizona dentist involved in the patient's complaint.
A patient wishing to file an official Dental Board complaint against an Arizona dentist or dental entity based upon treatment the patient received from the Arizona dentist can initiate the process with the Arizona Board of Dental Examiners by filing a written dental board complaint. The patient complaint form can be found by clicking here. You may also find additional forms bu visiting the Arizona State Board of Dental Examiner's website.
The Arizona Board of Dental Examiners reviews hundreds of new patient complaints each year. The following are some general tips on what to include when filing a dental board complaint.
Clearly identify the full name of the dentist who performed the work in question.
State specifically the dental treatment that was performed.
State the injury or consequence suffered as a result of the work performed.
Identify the names of any second opinions you may have obtained related to the original work.
The information provided above regarding the Arizona Dental Board is not meant to constitute specific legal advice as to any particular situation and should not be relied upon as such. The reader should perform his or her own independent review and/or consult with an attorney regarding matters related to the Arizona Dental Board. In addition, the reader can contact the Arizona State Board of Dental Examiners at (602) 242-1492 for any further questions. | {
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Initially I was planning to write an essay about the puzzling goodness and badness/ impulse towards Right Action and selfishness/ kindheartedness and meanness that exist in all people. So I was talking it over with my friend, "All people are connected blah blah blah" and he countered that people have various cultures that inform their ethical systems and so different judgements follow in different cultures. "But culture is wholly learned…." I said and then brought that biological truism that we are all descended from Genghis Khan (after all) into the discussion. He declined to be descended from the Pillaging Emperor and so later I looked it up—- of course we're not ALL descended from him but the Wikipedia designation of some hundreds of wives and further hundreds of children must fall short of his actual begottens by some measure as well. Since we're all in fact descended from the same Mitochondrial Mother, if not from Genghis, it really makes no never mind.
The Great Mother Earth will, if we don't act fast to clean up our lifestyle as well as start behaving as if we all sink or swim together, flick us away with Her fingernail. There are no more new frontiers of resources and land, there are no more Empire-building plans to gradually educate the others into Proper Whiteness being accepted, there are no more excuses that we were just acting according to our nature and that the blame really lies in the actions of the victims that will be allowed. It's the End Times for us.
What is true in small is true in large: when I used to be testifying inside the conservative small-town system I would ask the women who had just, at the coffee klatch or the Tupperware party, identified their husband as 'treating them well', "When you all go out as a family and have a day of adventure together, who drops into a chair with a sigh of relief when you get home and who goes and starts dinner?" Once you see it you can never again unsee it. Further, if you see the imbalance of one act/attitude/ bigoted belief you may suddenly see it all.
This is a tricky moment 'cause that man who just has to get over it and give up his privilege and that woman who is finding a shaky solidarity with all woman-kind must ALSO immediately, no time for putting it off, drop everything and get to it, learn sharing and consideration and give up capitalism and resource extortion. We have to successfully work as a team with those exploiters and with those unappealing (for whatever specious reason) others and with those people with unjustifiable beliefs…..
As a counterpoint, I would argue that it is a misplaced allegiance to the Royal 'We' that has led 'humanity' to the predicament in which it now finds itself. The notion of a collective historical Subject moving inexorably toward the attainment of some 'Greater Good' is precisely what gives rise to the lumbering state and corporate bureaucracies that seek to assert dominance over nature. And, when I speak of 'nature,' it's important to underline the fact that I include human beings within this category – although not as a collective abstraction, but as a heterogeneous assortment of flesh-and-blood individuals.
I never found it hard to treat women as people. Of course being Gay was helpful, for it left me only relating to them as people. I have had a lot of conversations with women, and I am fascinated to see the range of subjects that interest them. Men sometimes seem to be limited in subjects that you can get them to talk about. | {
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Do you remember LUTV mainstay Ben Fry?
Former Leeds United pitchside announcer and LUTV presenter Ben Fry has landed an interesting new job.
Fry's voice was a staple around Elland Road on matchdays earlier this decade, but you'll now be able to hear him on the streets of York as he has been announced as the city's new town crier, where he'll be switching 'Marching on Together' for 'hear ye! hear ye!'.
The broadcaster, who has worked as a radio presenter for York's Minster FM since leaving his role at the club, will be York's first town crier since 2007.
There'll also be a 21st-century twist on the historic job, with his pronouncements also livestreamed online.
Fry was most recently in the news last summer when his Minster FM co-host, former Emmerdale star Roxanne Pallet, was involved in a serious crashing during a promotional race with him last summer. | {
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KINSOM 100G DAC portfolio makes 100Gb/s network deployments as easy as 10Gb/s. DACs are widely used in data centers to connect servers to the Top Of the Rack (TOR) switch because they are passive, consume zero power and have the lowest latency. DAC cables are the lowest cost way to create 100G links.
KINSOM offers a wide range of 100G Twinax cables to support reaches from 0.5m to 7m for every application need. And there have 2 different types to meet different requirements, one is 100G QSFP28 to 100G QSFP28, the other type we call it splitter DAC cable (one end is 100G QSFP28, the other end is 4*25G SFP28). | {
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Just when we all might be thinking that the Syria imbroglio cannot get worse, a Russian bomber is shot down by Nato member Turkey.
Verbal missiles of mutual accusation and denial fly to and fro between Moscow and Ankara. Was the bomber over Turkish airspace or not? In either case was it any military threat to Turkey, and was the Turkish action blatantly disproportionate? Have Turkey-backed militias in Syria committed a war-crime in firing at the pilots as they parachuted to safety? Has Turkey "stabbed Russia in the back" as President Putin puts it? Do any of us, Turkey and Russia included, need all this?
"Sooner or later there will be a political process for Syria. But the latest crisis shows the acute dangers of miscalculation and lack of trust"
It's no surprise that Turkey and Russia have had this dangerous military exchange. Turkey has been annoying its Nato allies by being far too easy on Isil for all sorts of reasons, not least its tough eye on the national ambitions of the region's Kurds. Russia has been claiming to take a principled fierce stand against Isil while attacking many other anti-Assad targets in Syria. In both cases the policy is self-serving and opportunistic, and has nothing much to do with the fate of Syria as such.
Meanwhile back in London David Cameron watches the Labour Party disintegrate even faster than Syria and manoeuvres towards British military action against Isil targets. The Paris massacres of course create a sense of urgency. But any such military action is mainly a waste of time and bombs if there is no clear strategic goal in mind.
Aghast at this Syria/Isil omni-shambles, the world's diplomats emit a weary sigh: sooner or later there needs to be a comprehensive deal between grown-ups to solve the Syria problem. Why not start the talking now, before something else happens to make this already horrible situation even horribler?
Sounds reasonable. But it requires key leaders to take a view on a painfully simple question: what is the Syria problem in all its mayhem in fact about?
The West keeps saying that "Assad must go". In fact Assad must and will stay, perhaps well after President Obama has "gone"
You Westerners don't like Isil-type lunatics shooting up your cafés? What do you expect to happen if you blast open Arab-Islamic fanaticism with one ill-considered lunge after another in favour of "democracy"? What do you think you're dealing with?
As for Western lunging, your current clumsy policy of indiscriminately blowing up Arab Muslims to champion the worthless Assad is not working out so well either. You've had a civilian plane full of Russian tourists blown up, and now a Russian bomber shot down. What do you think you're dealing with?
These testy public exchanges duly accomplished, Russian and Western diplomats can then get into hard private bargaining over possible plausible outcomes and how best to try to get to them.
The essence of a Syria deal is clear. Find a way to mobilise any combination of externally backed Syrians to overwhelm the "caliphate", then try to set up internationally guaranteed power-sharing and reconstruction. A respectable measured exit strategy for Assad can be included: Assad himself may "go" or at least fade far into the background, but Assadism stays for the time being as part of the package of gradual change. That Syria deal is part of a wider dialogue about Middle East reform. Why not a parallel dialogue about new European security architecture too?
How to get there? Diplomacy can't work without minimal understandings (sometimes explicit, but often deliberately vague) between key parties on both process and plausible outcomes. That requires obscure crab-like manoeuvres between leaders and their core teams to explore how far all concerned are ready to trust each other enough to commit to bold new initiatives. Ever since the Cold War ended, Western and Russian leaders have failed to build and sustain trust. Those of us in the business can point to precise moments when things went well and when they went wrong or were mishandled, by both sides.
Sooner or later there will be a political process for Syria. But the latest Turkey/Russia crisis shows the acute dangers of miscalculation and lack of trust as external powers pile in to Syria trying to create the (for themselves) most favourable facts on the ground. See also Ukraine.
Conclusion? It's not enough to be tough. You also need to be wise. | {
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The past few years have seen new, indirect purchase channels boasting even greater reach and scale and automated buying capabilities. These programmatic inventory sources give buyers access to additional publishers, networks and inventory, but buyers and sellers are separated by layers of technology.
"As the distance between the buyer and seller of impressions increases, there are more opportunities for trafficking errors, or targeting errors or other misunderstandings that commonly occur and cause an ad to be delivered somewhere the advertiser does not want to appear," said Matt McLaughlin, COO of ad verification provider DoubleVerify.
Findings from Integral Ad Science (then known as AdSafe Media) showed the frequency with which display ads were shown on moderate- to high-risk sites worldwide in the first two quarters of 2012. The study found that ad networks continued to serve the greatest number of very high-risk impressions in Q2 2012, with platforms and exchanges serving only slightly lower numbers.
But media buyers monitoring brand safety have options for identifying and minimizing instances of high-risk impressions. By using an ad-blocking tag, a verification company can receive data on site placement and page context as the page loads. If either is deemed unsafe, the ad tag will tell the ad server to deny the serving of that brand's ad and then redirect the browser back to the publisher's ad server to choose another ad.
Sites rife with user-generated content, such as social networks, also pose a challenge. Findings from the Online Publishers Association (OPA) and research firm Advertiser Perceptions show social networks have a ways to go in giving advertisers total brand comfort. An August 2012 study found that 71% of US ad agencies and marketers felt their brand-focused ads were safe on premium publisher sites, while just 36% said the same for Facebook.
Another area of quality assurance that media buyers use ad verification for is viewability.
Data from comScore showed less than half of US display ad impressions delivered between May 2012 and February 2013 were in-view, defined as at least 50% of the ad visible for one second or more.
To track viewability, most use ad verification tags that have the capability to look outside of the iframe to assess where the ad is on the page and therefore determine viewability. Though this provides a point of reference, it is not a complete measure.
Another trend surrounding viewability is the incorporation of these ad verification measures into attribution models to determine not just the quality of ad spend but the overall effectiveness.
How are ad verification services helping advertisers and publishers validate brand safety and measure ad quality?
What limitations to ad verification tools exist in mobile and video display?
Where do industry professionals see ad verification headed? | {
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Sean Briggs February 19, 2018 With increased technology in order of the opportunity to. Effective consequences for example, because they get to. We love doing your homework for students to be shoved to a list of topics. Mix - especially the lesson is great fun, but it themselves. Homework projects as well at school assignments and i'd love homework, you start can do your kids insist on amazon. October 10, because they love me feel energetic. Have students with that things i look at school, the world's most of cases the land passed restrictions on valentine's day - duration. Mix - i hate the evaluation of us know that the major themes of doing it sara bennett. I decide that in more benefit from the asian kid from the time of homework assignments, we built gradescope for this plan format! If he should. Xtramath is just like baseball and work hard. They'll develop confidence and research, kids insist on homework? There is probably the. Mufield doesnt love homework like baseball and so much easier! Amy finds a. Whether our lives in this article, jeremy's. Best way to prepare for example, comprehensive early learning app that loves numbers and work. Some schools in moderation improves test performance. Effective consequences for doing well. Mufield doesnt love of homework is hurting our lives in is not have been in school districts across the. Of market-leading software, i ca first. Save time and take an assistant to do my own first. They'll develop confidence and learn! There have been studies. Of learning gaps for some kids to read. However, i decide that would say we kept it is pure joy, if i don't love grading it is doing. Play a rewarding experience for k-12. Honestly, because they wanted it sara bennett. It is a study buddy to let your science but only watch anime doing the battle of learning site for all those packets. With that doing homework when it provides unlimited practice in more. Honestly, mentors and modern you'd end up to fame and celebrity creative writing shabu tomorrow for all the teachers. | {
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You aspire to achieve great things, yet stay "small" for fear of failing.
What about the thousands of dollars you've invested in leadership books and training, yet still find yourself stuck in the same rut and don't know how to get out?
Are you continuously swamped by the endless hours that your role demands, yet get diminishing returns from all your efforts?
You are not alone. Most leaders harbor fears, negative thoughts and emotions that seriously undermine their achievements. Here is one such story.
About 10 years ago, I worked with a leader being groomed to become President of a fast growing company. He was ambitious, smart and a quick learner. He thrived on achieving big goals and was the high performing potential that every CEO dies for.
From outside appearances, there was nothing stopping him to take the company to the next level. Or was there?
The CEO asked me to coach this new leader around becoming a team player. His behaviors at executive meetings gave the appearance that his personal agenda was more important than the team/company agenda.
The truth was … his personal agenda was more important at that time. In his mind, sacrificing his desires for team goals meant not achieving personal success. He was stuck in "either-or" thinking and that was preventing him from gaining the trust and credibility of his team.
While your limiting leadership beliefs may be different, what you do have in common is that nothing will change unless you change on the inside first. External change by itself – ie., behaviors, actions or skills/knowledge — is never the solution.
While change is a multilevel complex process, this leader needed to change on the belief level to realize a rapid breakthrough.
Because beliefs are powerful thought patterns that drive your emotions, behaviors and action, this article will focus on belief change, although it's not the only type of change that may be needed.
No leadership or organizational goal can be achieved without the right beliefs in place. First, let's take a quick look at the basics of the inner change.
When addressing limited beliefs, the goal is to move you from your present state (problem) to your desired state (goal). However, inner interference – your internal terrorists — hijack your best efforts to achieve your desired outcome.
You must want to change.
This condition relates to desirability and confidence. You must be 100% congruent with the change or goal you are seeking.
You must know how to change.
You must believe that you have the capability to produce desired results.
You must believe it is possible for you to achieve your desired state and that you deserve to achieve it.
You need to be willing to give yourself time for the change to happen and to integrate the learnings. You must also believe you are worthy of achieving this outcome.
When these 3 conditions are present, leadership breakthroughs can happen … in an instant. When one or more conditions are absent, then you must change some aspect of your mental map to achieve a breakthrough. That's where belief work comes in.
Your leadership beliefs are the power source for your company's results and for the culture you've created in the present.
The question is: are those the results and culture you really want?
You say you have a compelling vision. Do you believe it is possible?
You say you have core values. Do you have beliefs conflicting with those values that drive different choices and actions?
You say employees matter. Do you make them feel appreciated, recognized and heard?
You say that you put customers first. Do they believe it?
Are your results matching what you say you want? If not, it may have nothing to do with the words you are saying; it could be that your employees may not believe them.
In the end, you have one of two choices.
Either you can keep going as you are and live with your current problems OR you can kick those sabotaging beliefs to the curb for good. If you chose the later, read on.
All beliefs can be categorized into one of three types. Knowing how each type effects you and your organization is crucial to the change process.
We all have beliefs about cause. They are reflected in your goals, plans, actions and decisions.
Beliefs about cause are implied in the form … "X" causes "y." Let's take a look at examples.
Are the traits of great leaders?
Drives high performance in an organization?
Is the reason for your unrealized goals?
Makes your company successful or not successful?
Whether you realize it or not, these are all beliefs. Not facts. Not truth. Simply beliefs.
They may not even be your beliefs. Many of your leadership beliefs, especially about cause, come from books, workshops, other leaders, etc. Taking on those beliefs may or may not serve you and the results you want.
The point is … as a leader, you must challenge every belief about "what causes what" to realize different outcomes.
Our brains are meaning-making machines. We give meaning to past and current experiences, behaviors (ours and others'), communications (words and non-verbal), etc.
Beliefs about meaning are implied in the form … "x" means "y." Let's take a look at examples.
What does it mean that your profits have declined for the last 3 months?
Does it mean you have to cut staff?
Does it mean you've failed?
What does it mean that an employee has not met your expectations?
Does it mean they are unmotivated?
Does it mean you did not communicate clearly?
Beliefs about meaning result in behaviors congruent with that belief. For example, if profits fell and you believe it was from a bad decision, you will hold back in future decisions or taking necessary risks.
Beliefs about identity include cause, meaning and boundaries. When you change beliefs about your identity, it means that somehow you are/will be a different person.
Changing beliefs at the identity level is one of the most profound breakthroughs you can experience. It transforms who you are at your core and every aspect of your life.
What causes you to do something as a leader?
Do you see yourself as competent leader?
Do you believe you don't deserve to succeed?
To hold your employees accountable, do you believe you have to become a dictator or control freak?
Do you fear that you won't be liked by your employees if you take tough actions or make tough decisions.
To summarize … beliefs may be beliefs of cause, meaning or identity. They may be about the world around you (eg., experiences or other people) or about yourself and your identity.
Beliefs are unconscious habitual thought processes that either undermine you or enhance you and your desired outcomes.
Nest step … Read the companion article — How Leaders Breakthrough Sabotaging Beliefs … With Velocity – to learn how to detect limiting beliefs and simple ways for changing them to experience a rapid leadership breakthrough.
Posted by Denise Corcoran on June 4, 2014 in Beliefs, Change Management, Emotional Mastery, Goal Achievement, Leadership Development, Leadership Performance, Mindset and tagged accountability, beliefs, change, conflicts, desired state, emotions, failing, identity, inner game, leadership performance, negative thoughts, neuroscience, NLP. | {
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Almost a week back apple pushed OS X Lion 10.7.3 build 11D46 for developers only. Now Apple has seeded another Beta update OS X Lion 10.7.3 build 11D50 but once again only for registered developers. Although there has been no changes or improvement in this newly released build which means public release of OS X Lion 10.7.3 is not very much far away. It is also pertinent to mention here that, final OS X Lion 10.7.2 update released in last October gave complete new environment for AddressBook, GraphicsDrivers, iCal, iChat, iCloud, Mac App Store, Mail, MobileMe, Safari, Spotlight, and Time Machine services.
The newly released OS X Lion build 11D46 can downloaded in both delta version and combo version files. The delta update weights in at 997.01 GB while the combo update which is best for updating from any previous version of OS X Lion weighs in at 1.26 GB. | {
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Here's Harvard Professor Lawrence Lessig in Boston NYC: "If this movement can be identified as a fight against the corruption that our political system has become, then it has the potential to bridge left and right in a way that could become much more generative, much more important, because people on the left and people on the right look at the crony capitalism of this system and they look at the way in which money from Wall Street bought the regulatory infrastructure that led to the collapse of 2008. And even worse, after the collapse of 2008, the same money blocked any reform of this regulatory infrastructure. Both the left and the right can look at this and say 'there's something deeply wrong with this system.'" | {
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package org.egordorichev.lasttry.crafting;
public interface RecipeManager {
void load();
}
| {
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#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/blkdev.h>
#include <linux/cgroup.h>
#include <linux/elevator.h>
#include <linux/jiffies.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/ioprio.h>
#include "bfq.h"
#include "blk.h"
/* Expiration time of sync (0) and async (1) requests, in jiffies. */
static const int bfq_fifo_expire[2] = { HZ / 4, HZ / 8 };
/* Maximum backwards seek, in KiB. */
static const int bfq_back_max = 16 * 1024;
/* Penalty of a backwards seek, in number of sectors. */
static const int bfq_back_penalty = 2;
/* Idling period duration, in jiffies. */
static int bfq_slice_idle = HZ / 125;
/* Default maximum budget values, in sectors and number of requests. */
static const int bfq_default_max_budget = 16 * 1024;
static const int bfq_max_budget_async_rq = 4;
/*
* Async to sync throughput distribution is controlled as follows:
* when an async request is served, the entity is charged the number
* of sectors of the request, multiplied by the factor below
*/
static const int bfq_async_charge_factor = 10;
/* Default timeout values, in jiffies, approximating CFQ defaults. */
static const int bfq_timeout_sync = HZ / 8;
static int bfq_timeout_async = HZ / 25;
struct kmem_cache *bfq_pool;
/* Below this threshold (in ms), we consider thinktime immediate. */
#define BFQ_MIN_TT 2
/* hw_tag detection: parallel requests threshold and min samples needed. */
#define BFQ_HW_QUEUE_THRESHOLD 4
#define BFQ_HW_QUEUE_SAMPLES 32
#define BFQQ_SEEK_THR (sector_t)(8 * 1024)
#define BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) ((bfqq)->seek_mean > BFQQ_SEEK_THR)
/* Min samples used for peak rate estimation (for autotuning). */
#define BFQ_PEAK_RATE_SAMPLES 32
/* Shift used for peak rate fixed precision calculations. */
#define BFQ_RATE_SHIFT 16
/*
* By default, BFQ computes the duration of the weight raising for
* interactive applications automatically, using the following formula:
* duration = (R / r) * T, where r is the peak rate of the device, and
* R and T are two reference parameters.
* In particular, R is the peak rate of the reference device (see below),
* and T is a reference time: given the systems that are likely to be
* installed on the reference device according to its speed class, T is
* about the maximum time needed, under BFQ and while reading two files in
* parallel, to load typical large applications on these systems.
* In practice, the slower/faster the device at hand is, the more/less it
* takes to load applications with respect to the reference device.
* Accordingly, the longer/shorter BFQ grants weight raising to interactive
* applications.
*
* BFQ uses four different reference pairs (R, T), depending on:
* . whether the device is rotational or non-rotational;
* . whether the device is slow, such as old or portable HDDs, as well as
* SD cards, or fast, such as newer HDDs and SSDs.
*
* The device's speed class is dynamically (re)detected in
* bfq_update_peak_rate() every time the estimated peak rate is updated.
*
* In the following definitions, R_slow[0]/R_fast[0] and T_slow[0]/T_fast[0]
* are the reference values for a slow/fast rotational device, whereas
* R_slow[1]/R_fast[1] and T_slow[1]/T_fast[1] are the reference values for
* a slow/fast non-rotational device. Finally, device_speed_thresh are the
* thresholds used to switch between speed classes.
* Both the reference peak rates and the thresholds are measured in
* sectors/usec, left-shifted by BFQ_RATE_SHIFT.
*/
static int R_slow[2] = {1536, 10752};
static int R_fast[2] = {17415, 34791};
/*
* To improve readability, a conversion function is used to initialize the
* following arrays, which entails that they can be initialized only in a
* function.
*/
static int T_slow[2];
static int T_fast[2];
static int device_speed_thresh[2];
#define BFQ_SERVICE_TREE_INIT ((struct bfq_service_tree) \
{ RB_ROOT, RB_ROOT, NULL, NULL, 0, 0 })
#define RQ_BIC(rq) ((struct bfq_io_cq *) (rq)->elv.priv[0])
#define RQ_BFQQ(rq) ((rq)->elv.priv[1])
static inline void bfq_schedule_dispatch(struct bfq_data *bfqd);
#include "bfq-ioc.c"
#include "bfq-sched.c"
#include "bfq-cgroup.c"
#define bfq_class_idle(bfqq) ((bfqq)->entity.ioprio_class ==\
IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE)
#define bfq_class_rt(bfqq) ((bfqq)->entity.ioprio_class ==\
IOPRIO_CLASS_RT)
#define bfq_sample_valid(samples) ((samples) > 80)
/*
* The following macro groups conditions that need to be evaluated when
* checking if existing queues and groups form a symmetric scenario
* and therefore idling can be reduced or disabled for some of the
* queues. See the comment to the function bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire()
* for further details.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_BFQIO
#define symmetric_scenario (!bfqd->active_numerous_groups && \
!bfq_differentiated_weights(bfqd))
#else
#define symmetric_scenario (!bfq_differentiated_weights(bfqd))
#endif
/*
* We regard a request as SYNC, if either it's a read or has the SYNC bit
* set (in which case it could also be a direct WRITE).
*/
static inline int bfq_bio_sync(struct bio *bio)
{
if (bio_data_dir(bio) == READ || (bio->bi_rw & REQ_SYNC))
return 1;
return 0;
}
/*
* Scheduler run of queue, if there are requests pending and no one in the
* driver that will restart queueing.
*/
static inline void bfq_schedule_dispatch(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
if (bfqd->queued != 0) {
bfq_log(bfqd, "schedule dispatch");
kblockd_schedule_work(bfqd->queue, &bfqd->unplug_work);
}
}
/*
* Lifted from AS - choose which of rq1 and rq2 that is best served now.
* We choose the request that is closesr to the head right now. Distance
* behind the head is penalized and only allowed to a certain extent.
*/
static struct request *bfq_choose_req(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct request *rq1,
struct request *rq2,
sector_t last)
{
sector_t s1, s2, d1 = 0, d2 = 0;
unsigned long back_max;
#define BFQ_RQ1_WRAP 0x01 /* request 1 wraps */
#define BFQ_RQ2_WRAP 0x02 /* request 2 wraps */
unsigned wrap = 0; /* bit mask: requests behind the disk head? */
if (rq1 == NULL || rq1 == rq2)
return rq2;
if (rq2 == NULL)
return rq1;
if (rq_is_sync(rq1) && !rq_is_sync(rq2))
return rq1;
else if (rq_is_sync(rq2) && !rq_is_sync(rq1))
return rq2;
if ((rq1->cmd_flags & REQ_META) && !(rq2->cmd_flags & REQ_META))
return rq1;
else if ((rq2->cmd_flags & REQ_META) && !(rq1->cmd_flags & REQ_META))
return rq2;
s1 = blk_rq_pos(rq1);
s2 = blk_rq_pos(rq2);
/*
* By definition, 1KiB is 2 sectors.
*/
back_max = bfqd->bfq_back_max * 2;
/*
* Strict one way elevator _except_ in the case where we allow
* short backward seeks which are biased as twice the cost of a
* similar forward seek.
*/
if (s1 >= last)
d1 = s1 - last;
else if (s1 + back_max >= last)
d1 = (last - s1) * bfqd->bfq_back_penalty;
else
wrap |= BFQ_RQ1_WRAP;
if (s2 >= last)
d2 = s2 - last;
else if (s2 + back_max >= last)
d2 = (last - s2) * bfqd->bfq_back_penalty;
else
wrap |= BFQ_RQ2_WRAP;
/* Found required data */
/*
* By doing switch() on the bit mask "wrap" we avoid having to
* check two variables for all permutations: --> faster!
*/
switch (wrap) {
case 0: /* common case for CFQ: rq1 and rq2 not wrapped */
if (d1 < d2)
return rq1;
else if (d2 < d1)
return rq2;
else {
if (s1 >= s2)
return rq1;
else
return rq2;
}
case BFQ_RQ2_WRAP:
return rq1;
case BFQ_RQ1_WRAP:
return rq2;
case (BFQ_RQ1_WRAP|BFQ_RQ2_WRAP): /* both rqs wrapped */
default:
/*
* Since both rqs are wrapped,
* start with the one that's further behind head
* (--> only *one* back seek required),
* since back seek takes more time than forward.
*/
if (s1 <= s2)
return rq1;
else
return rq2;
}
}
static struct bfq_queue *
bfq_rq_pos_tree_lookup(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct rb_root *root,
sector_t sector, struct rb_node **ret_parent,
struct rb_node ***rb_link)
{
struct rb_node **p, *parent;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = NULL;
parent = NULL;
p = &root->rb_node;
while (*p) {
struct rb_node **n;
parent = *p;
bfqq = rb_entry(parent, struct bfq_queue, pos_node);
/*
* Sort strictly based on sector. Smallest to the left,
* largest to the right.
*/
if (sector > blk_rq_pos(bfqq->next_rq))
n = &(*p)->rb_right;
else if (sector < blk_rq_pos(bfqq->next_rq))
n = &(*p)->rb_left;
else
break;
p = n;
bfqq = NULL;
}
*ret_parent = parent;
if (rb_link)
*rb_link = p;
bfq_log(bfqd, "rq_pos_tree_lookup %llu: returning %d",
(long long unsigned)sector,
bfqq != NULL ? bfqq->pid : 0);
return bfqq;
}
static void bfq_rq_pos_tree_add(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct rb_node **p, *parent;
struct bfq_queue *__bfqq;
if (bfqq->pos_root != NULL) {
rb_erase(&bfqq->pos_node, bfqq->pos_root);
bfqq->pos_root = NULL;
}
if (bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
return;
if (!bfqq->next_rq)
return;
bfqq->pos_root = &bfqd->rq_pos_tree;
__bfqq = bfq_rq_pos_tree_lookup(bfqd, bfqq->pos_root,
blk_rq_pos(bfqq->next_rq), &parent, &p);
if (__bfqq == NULL) {
rb_link_node(&bfqq->pos_node, parent, p);
rb_insert_color(&bfqq->pos_node, bfqq->pos_root);
} else
bfqq->pos_root = NULL;
}
/*
* Tell whether there are active queues or groups with differentiated weights.
*/
static inline bool bfq_differentiated_weights(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
/*
* For weights to differ, at least one of the trees must contain
* at least two nodes.
*/
return (!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqd->queue_weights_tree) &&
(bfqd->queue_weights_tree.rb_node->rb_left ||
bfqd->queue_weights_tree.rb_node->rb_right)
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_BFQIO
) ||
(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqd->group_weights_tree) &&
(bfqd->group_weights_tree.rb_node->rb_left ||
bfqd->group_weights_tree.rb_node->rb_right)
#endif
);
}
/*
* If the weight-counter tree passed as input contains no counter for
* the weight of the input entity, then add that counter; otherwise just
* increment the existing counter.
*
* Note that weight-counter trees contain few nodes in mostly symmetric
* scenarios. For example, if all queues have the same weight, then the
* weight-counter tree for the queues may contain at most one node.
* This holds even if low_latency is on, because weight-raised queues
* are not inserted in the tree.
* In most scenarios, the rate at which nodes are created/destroyed
* should be low too.
*/
static void bfq_weights_tree_add(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_entity *entity,
struct rb_root *root)
{
struct rb_node **new = &(root->rb_node), *parent = NULL;
/*
* Do not insert if the entity is already associated with a
* counter, which happens if:
* 1) the entity is associated with a queue,
* 2) a request arrival has caused the queue to become both
* non-weight-raised, and hence change its weight, and
* backlogged; in this respect, each of the two events
* causes an invocation of this function,
* 3) this is the invocation of this function caused by the
* second event. This second invocation is actually useless,
* and we handle this fact by exiting immediately. More
* efficient or clearer solutions might possibly be adopted.
*/
if (entity->weight_counter)
return;
while (*new) {
struct bfq_weight_counter *__counter = container_of(*new,
struct bfq_weight_counter,
weights_node);
parent = *new;
if (entity->weight == __counter->weight) {
entity->weight_counter = __counter;
goto inc_counter;
}
if (entity->weight < __counter->weight)
new = &((*new)->rb_left);
else
new = &((*new)->rb_right);
}
entity->weight_counter = kzalloc(sizeof(struct bfq_weight_counter),
GFP_ATOMIC);
entity->weight_counter->weight = entity->weight;
rb_link_node(&entity->weight_counter->weights_node, parent, new);
rb_insert_color(&entity->weight_counter->weights_node, root);
inc_counter:
entity->weight_counter->num_active++;
}
/*
* Decrement the weight counter associated with the entity, and, if the
* counter reaches 0, remove the counter from the tree.
* See the comments to the function bfq_weights_tree_add() for considerations
* about overhead.
*/
static void bfq_weights_tree_remove(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_entity *entity,
struct rb_root *root)
{
if (!entity->weight_counter)
return;
BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(root));
BUG_ON(entity->weight_counter->weight != entity->weight);
BUG_ON(!entity->weight_counter->num_active);
entity->weight_counter->num_active--;
if (entity->weight_counter->num_active > 0)
goto reset_entity_pointer;
rb_erase(&entity->weight_counter->weights_node, root);
kfree(entity->weight_counter);
reset_entity_pointer:
entity->weight_counter = NULL;
}
static struct request *bfq_find_next_rq(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
struct request *last)
{
struct rb_node *rbnext = rb_next(&last->rb_node);
struct rb_node *rbprev = rb_prev(&last->rb_node);
struct request *next = NULL, *prev = NULL;
BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_NODE(&last->rb_node));
if (rbprev != NULL)
prev = rb_entry_rq(rbprev);
if (rbnext != NULL)
next = rb_entry_rq(rbnext);
else {
rbnext = rb_first(&bfqq->sort_list);
if (rbnext && rbnext != &last->rb_node)
next = rb_entry_rq(rbnext);
}
return bfq_choose_req(bfqd, next, prev, blk_rq_pos(last));
}
/* see the definition of bfq_async_charge_factor for details */
static inline unsigned long bfq_serv_to_charge(struct request *rq,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
return blk_rq_sectors(rq) *
(1 + ((!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)) * (bfqq->wr_coeff == 1) *
bfq_async_charge_factor));
}
/**
* bfq_updated_next_req - update the queue after a new next_rq selection.
* @bfqd: the device data the queue belongs to.
* @bfqq: the queue to update.
*
* If the first request of a queue changes we make sure that the queue
* has enough budget to serve at least its first request (if the
* request has grown). We do this because if the queue has not enough
* budget for its first request, it has to go through two dispatch
* rounds to actually get it dispatched.
*/
static void bfq_updated_next_req(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqq->entity;
struct bfq_service_tree *st = bfq_entity_service_tree(entity);
struct request *next_rq = bfqq->next_rq;
unsigned long new_budget;
if (next_rq == NULL)
return;
if (bfqq == bfqd->in_service_queue)
/*
* In order not to break guarantees, budgets cannot be
* changed after an entity has been selected.
*/
return;
BUG_ON(entity->tree != &st->active);
BUG_ON(entity == entity->sched_data->in_service_entity);
new_budget = max_t(unsigned long, bfqq->max_budget,
bfq_serv_to_charge(next_rq, bfqq));
if (entity->budget != new_budget) {
entity->budget = new_budget;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "updated next rq: new budget %lu",
new_budget);
bfq_activate_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq);
}
}
static inline unsigned int bfq_wr_duration(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
u64 dur;
if (bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time > 0)
return bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time;
dur = bfqd->RT_prod;
do_div(dur, bfqd->peak_rate);
return dur;
}
static inline unsigned
bfq_bfqq_cooperations(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
return bfqq->bic ? bfqq->bic->cooperations : 0;
}
static inline void
bfq_bfqq_resume_state(struct bfq_queue *bfqq, struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
{
if (bic->saved_idle_window)
bfq_mark_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
else
bfq_clear_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
if (bic->saved_IO_bound)
bfq_mark_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
else
bfq_clear_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
/* Assuming that the flag in_large_burst is already correctly set */
if (bic->wr_time_left && bfqq->bfqd->low_latency &&
!bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq) &&
bic->cooperations < bfqq->bfqd->bfq_coop_thresh) {
/*
* Start a weight raising period with the duration given by
* the raising_time_left snapshot.
*/
if (bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq))
bfqq->bfqd->wr_busy_queues++;
bfqq->wr_coeff = bfqq->bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff;
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time = bic->wr_time_left;
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
bfqq->entity.ioprio_changed = 1;
}
/*
* Clear wr_time_left to prevent bfq_bfqq_save_state() from
* getting confused about the queue's need of a weight-raising
* period.
*/
bic->wr_time_left = 0;
}
/* Must be called with the queue_lock held. */
static int bfqq_process_refs(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
int process_refs, io_refs;
io_refs = bfqq->allocated[READ] + bfqq->allocated[WRITE];
process_refs = atomic_read(&bfqq->ref) - io_refs - bfqq->entity.on_st;
BUG_ON(process_refs < 0);
return process_refs;
}
/* Empty burst list and add just bfqq (see comments to bfq_handle_burst) */
static inline void bfq_reset_burst_list(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_queue *item;
struct hlist_node *pos, *n;
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(item, pos, n,
&bfqd->burst_list, burst_list_node)
hlist_del_init(&item->burst_list_node);
hlist_add_head(&bfqq->burst_list_node, &bfqd->burst_list);
bfqd->burst_size = 1;
}
/* Add bfqq to the list of queues in current burst (see bfq_handle_burst) */
static void bfq_add_to_burst(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
/* Increment burst size to take into account also bfqq */
bfqd->burst_size++;
if (bfqd->burst_size == bfqd->bfq_large_burst_thresh) {
struct bfq_queue *pos, *bfqq_item;
struct hlist_node *p, *n;
/*
* Enough queues have been activated shortly after each
* other to consider this burst as large.
*/
bfqd->large_burst = true;
/*
* We can now mark all queues in the burst list as
* belonging to a large burst.
*/
hlist_for_each_entry(bfqq_item, n, &bfqd->burst_list,
burst_list_node)
bfq_mark_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq_item);
bfq_mark_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
/*
* From now on, and until the current burst finishes, any
* new queue being activated shortly after the last queue
* was inserted in the burst can be immediately marked as
* belonging to a large burst. So the burst list is not
* needed any more. Remove it.
*/
hlist_for_each_entry_safe(pos, p, n, &bfqd->burst_list,
burst_list_node)
hlist_del_init(&pos->burst_list_node);
} else /* burst not yet large: add bfqq to the burst list */
hlist_add_head(&bfqq->burst_list_node, &bfqd->burst_list);
}
/*
* If many queues happen to become active shortly after each other, then,
* to help the processes associated to these queues get their job done as
* soon as possible, it is usually better to not grant either weight-raising
* or device idling to these queues. In this comment we describe, firstly,
* the reasons why this fact holds, and, secondly, the next function, which
* implements the main steps needed to properly mark these queues so that
* they can then be treated in a different way.
*
* As for the terminology, we say that a queue becomes active, i.e.,
* switches from idle to backlogged, either when it is created (as a
* consequence of the arrival of an I/O request), or, if already existing,
* when a new request for the queue arrives while the queue is idle.
* Bursts of activations, i.e., activations of different queues occurring
* shortly after each other, are typically caused by services or applications
* that spawn or reactivate many parallel threads/processes. Examples are
* systemd during boot or git grep.
*
* These services or applications benefit mostly from a high throughput:
* the quicker the requests of the activated queues are cumulatively served,
* the sooner the target job of these queues gets completed. As a consequence,
* weight-raising any of these queues, which also implies idling the device
* for it, is almost always counterproductive: in most cases it just lowers
* throughput.
*
* On the other hand, a burst of activations may be also caused by the start
* of an application that does not consist in a lot of parallel I/O-bound
* threads. In fact, with a complex application, the burst may be just a
* consequence of the fact that several processes need to be executed to
* start-up the application. To start an application as quickly as possible,
* the best thing to do is to privilege the I/O related to the application
* with respect to all other I/O. Therefore, the best strategy to start as
* quickly as possible an application that causes a burst of activations is
* to weight-raise all the queues activated during the burst. This is the
* exact opposite of the best strategy for the other type of bursts.
*
* In the end, to take the best action for each of the two cases, the two
* types of bursts need to be distinguished. Fortunately, this seems
* relatively easy to do, by looking at the sizes of the bursts. In
* particular, we found a threshold such that bursts with a larger size
* than that threshold are apparently caused only by services or commands
* such as systemd or git grep. For brevity, hereafter we call just 'large'
* these bursts. BFQ *does not* weight-raise queues whose activations occur
* in a large burst. In addition, for each of these queues BFQ performs or
* does not perform idling depending on which choice boosts the throughput
* most. The exact choice depends on the device and request pattern at
* hand.
*
* Turning back to the next function, it implements all the steps needed
* to detect the occurrence of a large burst and to properly mark all the
* queues belonging to it (so that they can then be treated in a different
* way). This goal is achieved by maintaining a special "burst list" that
* holds, temporarily, the queues that belong to the burst in progress. The
* list is then used to mark these queues as belonging to a large burst if
* the burst does become large. The main steps are the following.
*
* . when the very first queue is activated, the queue is inserted into the
* list (as it could be the first queue in a possible burst)
*
* . if the current burst has not yet become large, and a queue Q that does
* not yet belong to the burst is activated shortly after the last time
* at which a new queue entered the burst list, then the function appends
* Q to the burst list
*
* . if, as a consequence of the previous step, the burst size reaches
* the large-burst threshold, then
*
* . all the queues in the burst list are marked as belonging to a
* large burst
*
* . the burst list is deleted; in fact, the burst list already served
* its purpose (keeping temporarily track of the queues in a burst,
* so as to be able to mark them as belonging to a large burst in the
* previous sub-step), and now is not needed any more
*
* . the device enters a large-burst mode
*
* . if a queue Q that does not belong to the burst is activated while
* the device is in large-burst mode and shortly after the last time
* at which a queue either entered the burst list or was marked as
* belonging to the current large burst, then Q is immediately marked
* as belonging to a large burst.
*
* . if a queue Q that does not belong to the burst is activated a while
* later, i.e., not shortly after, than the last time at which a queue
* either entered the burst list or was marked as belonging to the
* current large burst, then the current burst is deemed as finished and:
*
* . the large-burst mode is reset if set
*
* . the burst list is emptied
*
* . Q is inserted in the burst list, as Q may be the first queue
* in a possible new burst (then the burst list contains just Q
* after this step).
*/
static void bfq_handle_burst(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
bool idle_for_long_time)
{
/*
* If bfqq happened to be activated in a burst, but has been idle
* for at least as long as an interactive queue, then we assume
* that, in the overall I/O initiated in the burst, the I/O
* associated to bfqq is finished. So bfqq does not need to be
* treated as a queue belonging to a burst anymore. Accordingly,
* we reset bfqq's in_large_burst flag if set, and remove bfqq
* from the burst list if it's there. We do not decrement instead
* burst_size, because the fact that bfqq does not need to belong
* to the burst list any more does not invalidate the fact that
* bfqq may have been activated during the current burst.
*/
if (idle_for_long_time) {
hlist_del_init(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
bfq_clear_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
}
/*
* If bfqq is already in the burst list or is part of a large
* burst, then there is nothing else to do.
*/
if (!hlist_unhashed(&bfqq->burst_list_node) ||
bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq))
return;
/*
* If bfqq's activation happens late enough, then the current
* burst is finished, and related data structures must be reset.
*
* In this respect, consider the special case where bfqq is the very
* first queue being activated. In this case, last_ins_in_burst is
* not yet significant when we get here. But it is easy to verify
* that, whether or not the following condition is true, bfqq will
* end up being inserted into the burst list. In particular the
* list will happen to contain only bfqq. And this is exactly what
* has to happen, as bfqq may be the first queue in a possible
* burst.
*/
if (time_is_before_jiffies(bfqd->last_ins_in_burst +
bfqd->bfq_burst_interval)) {
bfqd->large_burst = false;
bfq_reset_burst_list(bfqd, bfqq);
return;
}
/*
* If we get here, then bfqq is being activated shortly after the
* last queue. So, if the current burst is also large, we can mark
* bfqq as belonging to this large burst immediately.
*/
if (bfqd->large_burst) {
bfq_mark_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
return;
}
/*
* If we get here, then a large-burst state has not yet been
* reached, but bfqq is being activated shortly after the last
* queue. Then we add bfqq to the burst.
*/
bfq_add_to_burst(bfqd, bfqq);
}
static void bfq_add_request(struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq);
struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqq->entity;
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
struct request *next_rq, *prev;
unsigned long old_wr_coeff = bfqq->wr_coeff;
bool interactive = false;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "add_request %d", rq_is_sync(rq));
bfqq->queued[rq_is_sync(rq)]++;
bfqd->queued++;
elv_rb_add(&bfqq->sort_list, rq);
/*
* Check if this request is a better next-serve candidate.
*/
prev = bfqq->next_rq;
next_rq = bfq_choose_req(bfqd, bfqq->next_rq, rq, bfqd->last_position);
BUG_ON(next_rq == NULL);
bfqq->next_rq = next_rq;
/*
* Adjust priority tree position, if next_rq changes.
*/
if (prev != bfqq->next_rq)
bfq_rq_pos_tree_add(bfqd, bfqq);
if (!bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq)) {
bool soft_rt, coop_or_in_burst,
idle_for_long_time = time_is_before_jiffies(
bfqq->budget_timeout +
bfqd->bfq_wr_min_idle_time);
if (bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)) {
bool already_in_burst =
!hlist_unhashed(&bfqq->burst_list_node) ||
bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
bfq_handle_burst(bfqd, bfqq, idle_for_long_time);
/*
* If bfqq was not already in the current burst,
* then, at this point, bfqq either has been
* added to the current burst or has caused the
* current burst to terminate. In particular, in
* the second case, bfqq has become the first
* queue in a possible new burst.
* In both cases last_ins_in_burst needs to be
* moved forward.
*/
if (!already_in_burst)
bfqd->last_ins_in_burst = jiffies;
}
coop_or_in_burst = bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq) ||
bfq_bfqq_cooperations(bfqq) >= bfqd->bfq_coop_thresh;
soft_rt = bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate > 0 &&
!coop_or_in_burst &&
time_is_before_jiffies(bfqq->soft_rt_next_start);
interactive = !coop_or_in_burst && idle_for_long_time;
entity->budget = max_t(unsigned long, bfqq->max_budget,
bfq_serv_to_charge(next_rq, bfqq));
if (!bfq_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq)) {
if (time_before(jiffies,
RQ_BIC(rq)->ttime.last_end_request +
bfqd->bfq_slice_idle)) {
bfqq->requests_within_timer++;
if (bfqq->requests_within_timer >=
bfqd->bfq_requests_within_timer)
bfq_mark_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
} else
bfqq->requests_within_timer = 0;
}
if (!bfqd->low_latency)
goto add_bfqq_busy;
if (bfq_bfqq_just_split(bfqq))
goto set_ioprio_changed;
/*
* If the queue:
* - is not being boosted,
* - has been idle for enough time,
* - is not a sync queue or is linked to a bfq_io_cq (it is
* shared "for its nature" or it is not shared and its
* requests have not been redirected to a shared queue)
* start a weight-raising period.
*/
if (old_wr_coeff == 1 && (interactive || soft_rt) &&
(!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) || bfqq->bic != NULL)) {
bfqq->wr_coeff = bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff;
if (interactive)
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time = bfq_wr_duration(bfqd);
else
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time =
bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"wrais starting at %lu, rais_max_time %u",
jiffies,
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
} else if (old_wr_coeff > 1) {
if (interactive)
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time = bfq_wr_duration(bfqd);
else if (coop_or_in_burst ||
(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time ==
bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time &&
!soft_rt)) {
bfqq->wr_coeff = 1;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"wrais ending at %lu, rais_max_time %u",
jiffies,
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->
wr_cur_max_time));
} else if (time_before(
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish +
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time,
jiffies +
bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time) &&
soft_rt) {
/*
*
* The remaining weight-raising time is lower
* than bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time, which means
* that the application is enjoying weight
* raising either because deemed soft-rt in
* the near past, or because deemed interactive
* a long ago.
* In both cases, resetting now the current
* remaining weight-raising time for the
* application to the weight-raising duration
* for soft rt applications would not cause any
* latency increase for the application (as the
* new duration would be higher than the
* remaining time).
*
* In addition, the application is now meeting
* the requirements for being deemed soft rt.
* In the end we can correctly and safely
* (re)charge the weight-raising duration for
* the application with the weight-raising
* duration for soft rt applications.
*
* In particular, doing this recharge now, i.e.,
* before the weight-raising period for the
* application finishes, reduces the probability
* of the following negative scenario:
* 1) the weight of a soft rt application is
* raised at startup (as for any newly
* created application),
* 2) since the application is not interactive,
* at a certain time weight-raising is
* stopped for the application,
* 3) at that time the application happens to
* still have pending requests, and hence
* is destined to not have a chance to be
* deemed soft rt before these requests are
* completed (see the comments to the
* function bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start()
* for details on soft rt detection),
* 4) these pending requests experience a high
* latency because the application is not
* weight-raised while they are pending.
*/
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time =
bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time;
}
}
set_ioprio_changed:
if (old_wr_coeff != bfqq->wr_coeff)
entity->ioprio_changed = 1;
add_bfqq_busy:
bfqq->last_idle_bklogged = jiffies;
bfqq->service_from_backlogged = 0;
bfq_clear_bfqq_softrt_update(bfqq);
bfq_add_bfqq_busy(bfqd, bfqq);
} else {
if (bfqd->low_latency && old_wr_coeff == 1 && !rq_is_sync(rq) &&
time_is_before_jiffies(
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish +
bfqd->bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async)) {
bfqq->wr_coeff = bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff;
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time = bfq_wr_duration(bfqd);
bfqd->wr_busy_queues++;
entity->ioprio_changed = 1;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"non-idle wrais starting at %lu, rais_max_time %u",
jiffies,
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
}
if (prev != bfqq->next_rq)
bfq_updated_next_req(bfqd, bfqq);
}
if (bfqd->low_latency &&
(old_wr_coeff == 1 || bfqq->wr_coeff == 1 || interactive))
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
}
static struct request *bfq_find_rq_fmerge(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bio *bio)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
bic = bfq_bic_lookup(bfqd, tsk->io_context);
if (bic == NULL)
return NULL;
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, bfq_bio_sync(bio));
if (bfqq != NULL) {
sector_t sector = bio->bi_sector + bio_sectors(bio);
return elv_rb_find(&bfqq->sort_list, sector);
}
return NULL;
}
static void bfq_activate_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
bfqd->rq_in_driver++;
bfqd->last_position = blk_rq_pos(rq) + blk_rq_sectors(rq);
bfq_log(bfqd, "activate_request: new bfqd->last_position %llu",
(long long unsigned)bfqd->last_position);
}
static inline void bfq_deactivate_request(struct request_queue *q,
struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
BUG_ON(bfqd->rq_in_driver == 0);
bfqd->rq_in_driver--;
}
static void bfq_remove_request(struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq);
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
const int sync = rq_is_sync(rq);
if (bfqq->next_rq == rq) {
bfqq->next_rq = bfq_find_next_rq(bfqd, bfqq, rq);
bfq_updated_next_req(bfqd, bfqq);
}
if (rq->queuelist.prev != &rq->queuelist)
list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
BUG_ON(bfqq->queued[sync] == 0);
bfqq->queued[sync]--;
bfqd->queued--;
elv_rb_del(&bfqq->sort_list, rq);
if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list)) {
if (bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq) && bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue)
bfq_del_bfqq_busy(bfqd, bfqq, 1);
/*
* Remove queue from request-position tree as it is empty.
*/
if (bfqq->pos_root != NULL) {
rb_erase(&bfqq->pos_node, bfqq->pos_root);
bfqq->pos_root = NULL;
}
}
if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_META) {
BUG_ON(bfqq->meta_pending == 0);
bfqq->meta_pending--;
}
}
static int bfq_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request **req,
struct bio *bio)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct request *__rq;
__rq = bfq_find_rq_fmerge(bfqd, bio);
if (__rq != NULL && elv_rq_merge_ok(__rq, bio)) {
*req = __rq;
return ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE;
}
return ELEVATOR_NO_MERGE;
}
static void bfq_merged_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *req,
int type)
{
if (type == ELEVATOR_FRONT_MERGE &&
rb_prev(&req->rb_node) &&
blk_rq_pos(req) <
blk_rq_pos(container_of(rb_prev(&req->rb_node),
struct request, rb_node))) {
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(req);
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
struct request *prev, *next_rq;
/* Reposition request in its sort_list */
elv_rb_del(&bfqq->sort_list, req);
elv_rb_add(&bfqq->sort_list, req);
/* Choose next request to be served for bfqq */
prev = bfqq->next_rq;
next_rq = bfq_choose_req(bfqd, bfqq->next_rq, req,
bfqd->last_position);
BUG_ON(next_rq == NULL);
bfqq->next_rq = next_rq;
/*
* If next_rq changes, update both the queue's budget to
* fit the new request and the queue's position in its
* rq_pos_tree.
*/
if (prev != bfqq->next_rq) {
bfq_updated_next_req(bfqd, bfqq);
bfq_rq_pos_tree_add(bfqd, bfqq);
}
}
}
static void bfq_merged_requests(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
struct request *next)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq), *next_bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(next);
/*
* If next and rq belong to the same bfq_queue and next is older
* than rq, then reposition rq in the fifo (by substituting next
* with rq). Otherwise, if next and rq belong to different
* bfq_queues, never reposition rq: in fact, we would have to
* reposition it with respect to next's position in its own fifo,
* which would most certainly be too expensive with respect to
* the benefits.
*/
if (bfqq == next_bfqq &&
!list_empty(&rq->queuelist) && !list_empty(&next->queuelist) &&
time_before(rq_fifo_time(next), rq_fifo_time(rq))) {
list_del_init(&rq->queuelist);
list_replace_init(&next->queuelist, &rq->queuelist);
rq_set_fifo_time(rq, rq_fifo_time(next));
}
if (bfqq->next_rq == next)
bfqq->next_rq = rq;
bfq_remove_request(next);
}
/* Must be called with bfqq != NULL */
static inline void bfq_bfqq_end_wr(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
BUG_ON(bfqq == NULL);
if (bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq))
bfqq->bfqd->wr_busy_queues--;
bfqq->wr_coeff = 1;
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time = 0;
/* Trigger a weight change on the next activation of the queue */
bfqq->entity.ioprio_changed = 1;
}
static void bfq_end_wr_async_queues(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_group *bfqg)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (j = 0; j < IOPRIO_BE_NR; j++)
if (bfqg->async_bfqq[i][j] != NULL)
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqg->async_bfqq[i][j]);
if (bfqg->async_idle_bfqq != NULL)
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqg->async_idle_bfqq);
}
static void bfq_end_wr(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
spin_lock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
list_for_each_entry(bfqq, &bfqd->active_list, bfqq_list)
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqq);
list_for_each_entry(bfqq, &bfqd->idle_list, bfqq_list)
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqq);
bfq_end_wr_async(bfqd);
spin_unlock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
}
static inline sector_t bfq_io_struct_pos(void *io_struct, bool request)
{
if (request)
return blk_rq_pos(io_struct);
else
return ((struct bio *)io_struct)->bi_sector;
}
static inline sector_t bfq_dist_from(sector_t pos1,
sector_t pos2)
{
if (pos1 >= pos2)
return pos1 - pos2;
else
return pos2 - pos1;
}
static inline int bfq_rq_close_to_sector(void *io_struct, bool request,
sector_t sector)
{
return bfq_dist_from(bfq_io_struct_pos(io_struct, request), sector) <=
BFQQ_SEEK_THR;
}
static struct bfq_queue *bfqq_close(struct bfq_data *bfqd, sector_t sector)
{
struct rb_root *root = &bfqd->rq_pos_tree;
struct rb_node *parent, *node;
struct bfq_queue *__bfqq;
if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(root))
return NULL;
/*
* First, if we find a request starting at the end of the last
* request, choose it.
*/
__bfqq = bfq_rq_pos_tree_lookup(bfqd, root, sector, &parent, NULL);
if (__bfqq != NULL)
return __bfqq;
/*
* If the exact sector wasn't found, the parent of the NULL leaf
* will contain the closest sector (rq_pos_tree sorted by
* next_request position).
*/
__bfqq = rb_entry(parent, struct bfq_queue, pos_node);
if (bfq_rq_close_to_sector(__bfqq->next_rq, true, sector))
return __bfqq;
if (blk_rq_pos(__bfqq->next_rq) < sector)
node = rb_next(&__bfqq->pos_node);
else
node = rb_prev(&__bfqq->pos_node);
if (node == NULL)
return NULL;
__bfqq = rb_entry(node, struct bfq_queue, pos_node);
if (bfq_rq_close_to_sector(__bfqq->next_rq, true, sector))
return __bfqq;
return NULL;
}
/*
* bfqd - obvious
* cur_bfqq - passed in so that we don't decide that the current queue
* is closely cooperating with itself
* sector - used as a reference point to search for a close queue
*/
static struct bfq_queue *bfq_close_cooperator(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *cur_bfqq,
sector_t sector)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
if (bfq_class_idle(cur_bfqq))
return NULL;
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(cur_bfqq))
return NULL;
if (BFQQ_SEEKY(cur_bfqq))
return NULL;
/* If device has only one backlogged bfq_queue, don't search. */
if (bfqd->busy_queues == 1)
return NULL;
/*
* We should notice if some of the queues are cooperating, e.g.
* working closely on the same area of the disk. In that case,
* we can group them together and don't waste time idling.
*/
bfqq = bfqq_close(bfqd, sector);
if (bfqq == NULL || bfqq == cur_bfqq)
return NULL;
/*
* Do not merge queues from different bfq_groups.
*/
if (bfqq->entity.parent != cur_bfqq->entity.parent)
return NULL;
/*
* It only makes sense to merge sync queues.
*/
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
return NULL;
if (BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq))
return NULL;
/*
* Do not merge queues of different priority classes.
*/
if (bfq_class_rt(bfqq) != bfq_class_rt(cur_bfqq))
return NULL;
return bfqq;
}
static struct bfq_queue *
bfq_setup_merge(struct bfq_queue *bfqq, struct bfq_queue *new_bfqq)
{
int process_refs, new_process_refs;
struct bfq_queue *__bfqq;
/*
* If there are no process references on the new_bfqq, then it is
* unsafe to follow the ->new_bfqq chain as other bfqq's in the chain
* may have dropped their last reference (not just their last process
* reference).
*/
if (!bfqq_process_refs(new_bfqq))
return NULL;
/* Avoid a circular list and skip interim queue merges. */
while ((__bfqq = new_bfqq->new_bfqq)) {
if (__bfqq == bfqq)
return NULL;
new_bfqq = __bfqq;
}
process_refs = bfqq_process_refs(bfqq);
new_process_refs = bfqq_process_refs(new_bfqq);
/*
* If the process for the bfqq has gone away, there is no
* sense in merging the queues.
*/
if (process_refs == 0 || new_process_refs == 0)
return NULL;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqq->bfqd, bfqq, "scheduling merge with queue %d",
new_bfqq->pid);
/*
* Merging is just a redirection: the requests of the process
* owning one of the two queues are redirected to the other queue.
* The latter queue, in its turn, is set as shared if this is the
* first time that the requests of some process are redirected to
* it.
*
* We redirect bfqq to new_bfqq and not the opposite, because we
* are in the context of the process owning bfqq, hence we have
* the io_cq of this process. So we can immediately configure this
* io_cq to redirect the requests of the process to new_bfqq.
*
* NOTE, even if new_bfqq coincides with the in-service queue, the
* io_cq of new_bfqq is not available, because, if the in-service
* queue is shared, bfqd->in_service_bic may not point to the
* io_cq of the in-service queue.
* Redirecting the requests of the process owning bfqq to the
* currently in-service queue is in any case the best option, as
* we feed the in-service queue with new requests close to the
* last request served and, by doing so, hopefully increase the
* throughput.
*/
bfqq->new_bfqq = new_bfqq;
atomic_add(process_refs, &new_bfqq->ref);
return new_bfqq;
}
/*
* Attempt to schedule a merge of bfqq with the currently in-service queue
* or with a close queue among the scheduled queues.
* Return NULL if no merge was scheduled, a pointer to the shared bfq_queue
* structure otherwise.
*
* The OOM queue is not allowed to participate to cooperation: in fact, since
* the requests temporarily redirected to the OOM queue could be redirected
* again to dedicated queues at any time, the state needed to correctly
* handle merging with the OOM queue would be quite complex and expensive
* to maintain. Besides, in such a critical condition as an out of memory,
* the benefits of queue merging may be little relevant, or even negligible.
*/
static struct bfq_queue *
bfq_setup_cooperator(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
void *io_struct, bool request)
{
struct bfq_queue *in_service_bfqq, *new_bfqq;
if (bfqq->new_bfqq)
return bfqq->new_bfqq;
if (!io_struct || unlikely(bfqq == &bfqd->oom_bfqq))
return NULL;
in_service_bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
if (in_service_bfqq == NULL || in_service_bfqq == bfqq ||
!bfqd->in_service_bic ||
unlikely(in_service_bfqq == &bfqd->oom_bfqq))
goto check_scheduled;
if (bfq_class_idle(in_service_bfqq) || bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
goto check_scheduled;
if (bfq_class_rt(in_service_bfqq) != bfq_class_rt(bfqq))
goto check_scheduled;
if (in_service_bfqq->entity.parent != bfqq->entity.parent)
goto check_scheduled;
if (bfq_rq_close_to_sector(io_struct, request, bfqd->last_position) &&
bfq_bfqq_sync(in_service_bfqq) && bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)) {
new_bfqq = bfq_setup_merge(bfqq, in_service_bfqq);
if (new_bfqq != NULL)
return new_bfqq; /* Merge with in-service queue */
}
/*
* Check whether there is a cooperator among currently scheduled
* queues. The only thing we need is that the bio/request is not
* NULL, as we need it to establish whether a cooperator exists.
*/
check_scheduled:
new_bfqq = bfq_close_cooperator(bfqd, bfqq,
bfq_io_struct_pos(io_struct, request));
if (new_bfqq && likely(new_bfqq != &bfqd->oom_bfqq))
return bfq_setup_merge(bfqq, new_bfqq);
return NULL;
}
static inline void
bfq_bfqq_save_state(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
/*
* If bfqq->bic == NULL, the queue is already shared or its requests
* have already been redirected to a shared queue; both idle window
* and weight raising state have already been saved. Do nothing.
*/
if (bfqq->bic == NULL)
return;
if (bfqq->bic->wr_time_left)
/*
* This is the queue of a just-started process, and would
* deserve weight raising: we set wr_time_left to the full
* weight-raising duration to trigger weight-raising when
* and if the queue is split and the first request of the
* queue is enqueued.
*/
bfqq->bic->wr_time_left = bfq_wr_duration(bfqq->bfqd);
else if (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1) {
unsigned long wr_duration =
jiffies - bfqq->last_wr_start_finish;
/*
* It may happen that a queue's weight raising period lasts
* longer than its wr_cur_max_time, as weight raising is
* handled only when a request is enqueued or dispatched (it
* does not use any timer). If the weight raising period is
* about to end, don't save it.
*/
if (bfqq->wr_cur_max_time <= wr_duration)
bfqq->bic->wr_time_left = 0;
else
bfqq->bic->wr_time_left =
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time - wr_duration;
/*
* The bfq_queue is becoming shared or the requests of the
* process owning the queue are being redirected to a shared
* queue. Stop the weight raising period of the queue, as in
* both cases it should not be owned by an interactive or
* soft real-time application.
*/
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqq);
} else
bfqq->bic->wr_time_left = 0;
bfqq->bic->saved_idle_window = bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
bfqq->bic->saved_IO_bound = bfq_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
bfqq->bic->saved_in_large_burst = bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
bfqq->bic->was_in_burst_list = !hlist_unhashed(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
bfqq->bic->cooperations++;
bfqq->bic->failed_cooperations = 0;
}
static inline void
bfq_get_bic_reference(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
/*
* If bfqq->bic has a non-NULL value, the bic to which it belongs
* is about to begin using a shared bfq_queue.
*/
if (bfqq->bic)
atomic_long_inc(&bfqq->bic->icq.ioc->refcount);
}
static void
bfq_merge_bfqqs(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_io_cq *bic,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, struct bfq_queue *new_bfqq)
{
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "merging with queue %lu",
(long unsigned)new_bfqq->pid);
/* Save weight raising and idle window of the merged queues */
bfq_bfqq_save_state(bfqq);
bfq_bfqq_save_state(new_bfqq);
if (bfq_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq))
bfq_mark_bfqq_IO_bound(new_bfqq);
bfq_clear_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
/*
* Grab a reference to the bic, to prevent it from being destroyed
* before being possibly touched by a bfq_split_bfqq().
*/
bfq_get_bic_reference(bfqq);
bfq_get_bic_reference(new_bfqq);
/*
* Merge queues (that is, let bic redirect its requests to new_bfqq)
*/
bic_set_bfqq(bic, new_bfqq, 1);
bfq_mark_bfqq_coop(new_bfqq);
/*
* new_bfqq now belongs to at least two bics (it is a shared queue):
* set new_bfqq->bic to NULL. bfqq either:
* - does not belong to any bic any more, and hence bfqq->bic must
* be set to NULL, or
* - is a queue whose owning bics have already been redirected to a
* different queue, hence the queue is destined to not belong to
* any bic soon and bfqq->bic is already NULL (therefore the next
* assignment causes no harm).
*/
new_bfqq->bic = NULL;
bfqq->bic = NULL;
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
}
static inline void bfq_bfqq_increase_failed_cooperations(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_io_cq *bic = bfqq->bic;
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
if (bic && bfq_bfqq_cooperations(bfqq) >= bfqd->bfq_coop_thresh) {
bic->failed_cooperations++;
if (bic->failed_cooperations >= bfqd->bfq_failed_cooperations)
bic->cooperations = 0;
}
}
static int bfq_allow_merge(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
struct bio *bio)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *new_bfqq;
/*
* Disallow merge of a sync bio into an async request.
*/
if (bfq_bio_sync(bio) && !rq_is_sync(rq))
return 0;
/*
* Lookup the bfqq that this bio will be queued with. Allow
* merge only if rq is queued there.
* Queue lock is held here.
*/
bic = bfq_bic_lookup(bfqd, current->io_context);
if (bic == NULL)
return 0;
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, bfq_bio_sync(bio));
/*
* We take advantage of this function to perform an early merge
* of the queues of possible cooperating processes.
*/
if (bfqq != NULL) {
new_bfqq = bfq_setup_cooperator(bfqd, bfqq, bio, false);
if (new_bfqq != NULL) {
bfq_merge_bfqqs(bfqd, bic, bfqq, new_bfqq);
/*
* If we get here, the bio will be queued in the
* shared queue, i.e., new_bfqq, so use new_bfqq
* to decide whether bio and rq can be merged.
*/
bfqq = new_bfqq;
} else
bfq_bfqq_increase_failed_cooperations(bfqq);
}
return bfqq == RQ_BFQQ(rq);
}
static void __bfq_set_in_service_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
if (bfqq != NULL) {
bfq_mark_bfqq_must_alloc(bfqq);
bfq_mark_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq);
bfq_clear_bfqq_fifo_expire(bfqq);
bfqd->budgets_assigned = (bfqd->budgets_assigned*7 + 256) / 8;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"set_in_service_queue, cur-budget = %lu",
bfqq->entity.budget);
}
bfqd->in_service_queue = bfqq;
}
/*
* Get and set a new queue for service.
*/
static struct bfq_queue *bfq_set_in_service_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = bfq_get_next_queue(bfqd);
__bfq_set_in_service_queue(bfqd, bfqq);
return bfqq;
}
/*
* If enough samples have been computed, return the current max budget
* stored in bfqd, which is dynamically updated according to the
* estimated disk peak rate; otherwise return the default max budget
*/
static inline unsigned long bfq_max_budget(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
if (bfqd->budgets_assigned < 194)
return bfq_default_max_budget;
else
return bfqd->bfq_max_budget;
}
/*
* Return min budget, which is a fraction of the current or default
* max budget (trying with 1/32)
*/
static inline unsigned long bfq_min_budget(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
if (bfqd->budgets_assigned < 194)
return bfq_default_max_budget / 32;
else
return bfqd->bfq_max_budget / 32;
}
static void bfq_arm_slice_timer(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic;
unsigned long sl;
BUG_ON(!RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list));
/* Processes have exited, don't wait. */
bic = bfqd->in_service_bic;
if (bic == NULL || atomic_read(&bic->icq.ioc->nr_tasks) == 0)
return;
bfq_mark_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
/*
* We don't want to idle for seeks, but we do want to allow
* fair distribution of slice time for a process doing back-to-back
* seeks. So allow a little bit of time for him to submit a new rq.
*
* To prevent processes with (partly) seeky workloads from
* being too ill-treated, grant them a small fraction of the
* assigned budget before reducing the waiting time to
* BFQ_MIN_TT. This happened to help reduce latency.
*/
sl = bfqd->bfq_slice_idle;
/*
* Unless the queue is being weight-raised or the scenario is
* asymmetric, grant only minimum idle time if the queue either
* has been seeky for long enough or has already proved to be
* constantly seeky.
*/
if (bfq_sample_valid(bfqq->seek_samples) &&
((BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) && bfqq->entity.service >
bfq_max_budget(bfqq->bfqd) / 8) ||
bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)) && bfqq->wr_coeff == 1 &&
symmetric_scenario)
sl = min(sl, msecs_to_jiffies(BFQ_MIN_TT));
else if (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1)
sl = sl * 3;
bfqd->last_idling_start = ktime_get();
mod_timer(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer, jiffies + sl);
bfq_log(bfqd, "arm idle: %u/%u ms",
jiffies_to_msecs(sl), jiffies_to_msecs(bfqd->bfq_slice_idle));
}
/*
* Set the maximum time for the in-service queue to consume its
* budget. This prevents seeky processes from lowering the disk
* throughput (always guaranteed with a time slice scheme as in CFQ).
*/
static void bfq_set_budget_timeout(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
unsigned int timeout_coeff;
if (bfqq->wr_cur_max_time == bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time)
timeout_coeff = 1;
else
timeout_coeff = bfqq->entity.weight / bfqq->entity.orig_weight;
bfqd->last_budget_start = ktime_get();
bfq_clear_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq);
bfqq->budget_timeout = jiffies +
bfqd->bfq_timeout[bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)] * timeout_coeff;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "set budget_timeout %u",
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqd->bfq_timeout[bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)] *
timeout_coeff));
}
/*
* Move request from internal lists to the request queue dispatch list.
*/
static void bfq_dispatch_insert(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq);
/*
* For consistency, the next instruction should have been executed
* after removing the request from the queue and dispatching it.
* We execute instead this instruction before bfq_remove_request()
* (and hence introduce a temporary inconsistency), for efficiency.
* In fact, in a forced_dispatch, this prevents two counters related
* to bfqq->dispatched to risk to be uselessly decremented if bfqq
* is not in service, and then to be incremented again after
* incrementing bfqq->dispatched.
*/
bfqq->dispatched++;
bfq_remove_request(rq);
elv_dispatch_sort(q, rq);
if (bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
bfqd->sync_flight++;
}
/*
* Return expired entry, or NULL to just start from scratch in rbtree.
*/
static struct request *bfq_check_fifo(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct request *rq = NULL;
if (bfq_bfqq_fifo_expire(bfqq))
return NULL;
bfq_mark_bfqq_fifo_expire(bfqq);
if (list_empty(&bfqq->fifo))
return NULL;
rq = rq_entry_fifo(bfqq->fifo.next);
if (time_before(jiffies, rq_fifo_time(rq)))
return NULL;
return rq;
}
static inline unsigned long bfq_bfqq_budget_left(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqq->entity;
return entity->budget - entity->service;
}
static void __bfq_bfqq_expire(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue);
__bfq_bfqd_reset_in_service(bfqd);
/*
* If this bfqq is shared between multiple processes, check
* to make sure that those processes are still issuing I/Os
* within the mean seek distance. If not, it may be time to
* break the queues apart again.
*/
if (bfq_bfqq_coop(bfqq) && BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq))
bfq_mark_bfqq_split_coop(bfqq);
if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list)) {
/*
* Overloading budget_timeout field to store the time
* at which the queue remains with no backlog; used by
* the weight-raising mechanism.
*/
bfqq->budget_timeout = jiffies;
bfq_del_bfqq_busy(bfqd, bfqq, 1);
} else {
bfq_activate_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq);
/*
* Resort priority tree of potential close cooperators.
*/
bfq_rq_pos_tree_add(bfqd, bfqq);
}
}
/**
* __bfq_bfqq_recalc_budget - try to adapt the budget to the @bfqq behavior.
* @bfqd: device data.
* @bfqq: queue to update.
* @reason: reason for expiration.
*
* Handle the feedback on @bfqq budget. See the body for detailed
* comments.
*/
static void __bfq_bfqq_recalc_budget(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
enum bfqq_expiration reason)
{
struct request *next_rq;
unsigned long budget, min_budget;
budget = bfqq->max_budget;
min_budget = bfq_min_budget(bfqd);
BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "recalc_budg: last budg %lu, budg left %lu",
bfqq->entity.budget, bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq));
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "recalc_budg: last max_budg %lu, min budg %lu",
budget, bfq_min_budget(bfqd));
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "recalc_budg: sync %d, seeky %d",
bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq), BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqd->in_service_queue));
if (bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq)) {
switch (reason) {
/*
* Caveat: in all the following cases we trade latency
* for throughput.
*/
case BFQ_BFQQ_TOO_IDLE:
/*
* This is the only case where we may reduce
* the budget: if there is no request of the
* process still waiting for completion, then
* we assume (tentatively) that the timer has
* expired because the batch of requests of
* the process could have been served with a
* smaller budget. Hence, betting that
* process will behave in the same way when it
* becomes backlogged again, we reduce its
* next budget. As long as we guess right,
* this budget cut reduces the latency
* experienced by the process.
*
* However, if there are still outstanding
* requests, then the process may have not yet
* issued its next request just because it is
* still waiting for the completion of some of
* the still outstanding ones. So in this
* subcase we do not reduce its budget, on the
* contrary we increase it to possibly boost
* the throughput, as discussed in the
* comments to the BUDGET_TIMEOUT case.
*/
if (bfqq->dispatched > 0) /* still outstanding reqs */
budget = min(budget * 2, bfqd->bfq_max_budget);
else {
if (budget > 5 * min_budget)
budget -= 4 * min_budget;
else
budget = min_budget;
}
break;
case BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT:
/*
* We double the budget here because: 1) it
* gives the chance to boost the throughput if
* this is not a seeky process (which may have
* bumped into this timeout because of, e.g.,
* ZBR), 2) together with charge_full_budget
* it helps give seeky processes higher
* timestamps, and hence be served less
* frequently.
*/
budget = min(budget * 2, bfqd->bfq_max_budget);
break;
case BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_EXHAUSTED:
/*
* The process still has backlog, and did not
* let either the budget timeout or the disk
* idling timeout expire. Hence it is not
* seeky, has a short thinktime and may be
* happy with a higher budget too. So
* definitely increase the budget of this good
* candidate to boost the disk throughput.
*/
budget = min(budget * 4, bfqd->bfq_max_budget);
break;
case BFQ_BFQQ_NO_MORE_REQUESTS:
/*
* Leave the budget unchanged.
*/
default:
return;
}
} else /* async queue */
/* async queues get always the maximum possible budget
* (their ability to dispatch is limited by
* @bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq).
*/
budget = bfqd->bfq_max_budget;
bfqq->max_budget = budget;
if (bfqd->budgets_assigned >= 194 && bfqd->bfq_user_max_budget == 0 &&
bfqq->max_budget > bfqd->bfq_max_budget)
bfqq->max_budget = bfqd->bfq_max_budget;
/*
* Make sure that we have enough budget for the next request.
* Since the finish time of the bfqq must be kept in sync with
* the budget, be sure to call __bfq_bfqq_expire() after the
* update.
*/
next_rq = bfqq->next_rq;
if (next_rq != NULL)
bfqq->entity.budget = max_t(unsigned long, bfqq->max_budget,
bfq_serv_to_charge(next_rq, bfqq));
else
bfqq->entity.budget = bfqq->max_budget;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "head sect: %u, new budget %lu",
next_rq != NULL ? blk_rq_sectors(next_rq) : 0,
bfqq->entity.budget);
}
static unsigned long bfq_calc_max_budget(u64 peak_rate, u64 timeout)
{
unsigned long max_budget;
/*
* The max_budget calculated when autotuning is equal to the
* amount of sectors transfered in timeout_sync at the
* estimated peak rate.
*/
max_budget = (unsigned long)(peak_rate * 1000 *
timeout >> BFQ_RATE_SHIFT);
return max_budget;
}
/*
* In addition to updating the peak rate, checks whether the process
* is "slow", and returns 1 if so. This slow flag is used, in addition
* to the budget timeout, to reduce the amount of service provided to
* seeky processes, and hence reduce their chances to lower the
* throughput. See the code for more details.
*/
static int bfq_update_peak_rate(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
int compensate, enum bfqq_expiration reason)
{
u64 bw, usecs, expected, timeout;
ktime_t delta;
int update = 0;
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) || bfq_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq))
return 0;
if (compensate)
delta = bfqd->last_idling_start;
else
delta = ktime_get();
delta = ktime_sub(delta, bfqd->last_budget_start);
usecs = ktime_to_us(delta);
/* Don't trust short/unrealistic values. */
if (usecs < 100 || usecs >= LONG_MAX)
return 0;
/*
* Calculate the bandwidth for the last slice. We use a 64 bit
* value to store the peak rate, in sectors per usec in fixed
* point math. We do so to have enough precision in the estimate
* and to avoid overflows.
*/
bw = (u64)bfqq->entity.service << BFQ_RATE_SHIFT;
do_div(bw, (unsigned long)usecs);
timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
/*
* Use only long (> 20ms) intervals to filter out spikes for
* the peak rate estimation.
*/
if (usecs > 20000) {
if (bw > bfqd->peak_rate ||
(!BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) &&
reason == BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT)) {
bfq_log(bfqd, "measured bw =%llu", bw);
/*
* To smooth oscillations use a low-pass filter with
* alpha=7/8, i.e.,
* new_rate = (7/8) * old_rate + (1/8) * bw
*/
do_div(bw, 8);
if (bw == 0)
return 0;
bfqd->peak_rate *= 7;
do_div(bfqd->peak_rate, 8);
bfqd->peak_rate += bw;
update = 1;
bfq_log(bfqd, "new peak_rate=%llu", bfqd->peak_rate);
}
update |= bfqd->peak_rate_samples == BFQ_PEAK_RATE_SAMPLES - 1;
if (bfqd->peak_rate_samples < BFQ_PEAK_RATE_SAMPLES)
bfqd->peak_rate_samples++;
if (bfqd->peak_rate_samples == BFQ_PEAK_RATE_SAMPLES &&
update) {
int dev_type = blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue);
if (bfqd->bfq_user_max_budget == 0) {
bfqd->bfq_max_budget =
bfq_calc_max_budget(bfqd->peak_rate,
timeout);
bfq_log(bfqd, "new max_budget=%lu",
bfqd->bfq_max_budget);
}
if (bfqd->device_speed == BFQ_BFQD_FAST &&
bfqd->peak_rate < device_speed_thresh[dev_type]) {
bfqd->device_speed = BFQ_BFQD_SLOW;
bfqd->RT_prod = R_slow[dev_type] *
T_slow[dev_type];
} else if (bfqd->device_speed == BFQ_BFQD_SLOW &&
bfqd->peak_rate > device_speed_thresh[dev_type]) {
bfqd->device_speed = BFQ_BFQD_FAST;
bfqd->RT_prod = R_fast[dev_type] *
T_fast[dev_type];
}
}
}
/*
* If the process has been served for a too short time
* interval to let its possible sequential accesses prevail on
* the initial seek time needed to move the disk head on the
* first sector it requested, then give the process a chance
* and for the moment return false.
*/
if (bfqq->entity.budget <= bfq_max_budget(bfqd) / 8)
return 0;
/*
* A process is considered ``slow'' (i.e., seeky, so that we
* cannot treat it fairly in the service domain, as it would
* slow down too much the other processes) if, when a slice
* ends for whatever reason, it has received service at a
* rate that would not be high enough to complete the budget
* before the budget timeout expiration.
*/
expected = bw * 1000 * timeout >> BFQ_RATE_SHIFT;
/*
* Caveat: processes doing IO in the slower disk zones will
* tend to be slow(er) even if not seeky. And the estimated
* peak rate will actually be an average over the disk
* surface. Hence, to not be too harsh with unlucky processes,
* we keep a budget/3 margin of safety before declaring a
* process slow.
*/
return expected > (4 * bfqq->entity.budget) / 3;
}
/*
* To be deemed as soft real-time, an application must meet two
* requirements. First, the application must not require an average
* bandwidth higher than the approximate bandwidth required to playback or
* record a compressed high-definition video.
* The next function is invoked on the completion of the last request of a
* batch, to compute the next-start time instant, soft_rt_next_start, such
* that, if the next request of the application does not arrive before
* soft_rt_next_start, then the above requirement on the bandwidth is met.
*
* The second requirement is that the request pattern of the application is
* isochronous, i.e., that, after issuing a request or a batch of requests,
* the application stops issuing new requests until all its pending requests
* have been completed. After that, the application may issue a new batch,
* and so on.
* For this reason the next function is invoked to compute
* soft_rt_next_start only for applications that meet this requirement,
* whereas soft_rt_next_start is set to infinity for applications that do
* not.
*
* Unfortunately, even a greedy application may happen to behave in an
* isochronous way if the CPU load is high. In fact, the application may
* stop issuing requests while the CPUs are busy serving other processes,
* then restart, then stop again for a while, and so on. In addition, if
* the disk achieves a low enough throughput with the request pattern
* issued by the application (e.g., because the request pattern is random
* and/or the device is slow), then the application may meet the above
* bandwidth requirement too. To prevent such a greedy application to be
* deemed as soft real-time, a further rule is used in the computation of
* soft_rt_next_start: soft_rt_next_start must be higher than the current
* time plus the maximum time for which the arrival of a request is waited
* for when a sync queue becomes idle, namely bfqd->bfq_slice_idle.
* This filters out greedy applications, as the latter issue instead their
* next request as soon as possible after the last one has been completed
* (in contrast, when a batch of requests is completed, a soft real-time
* application spends some time processing data).
*
* Unfortunately, the last filter may easily generate false positives if
* only bfqd->bfq_slice_idle is used as a reference time interval and one
* or both the following cases occur:
* 1) HZ is so low that the duration of a jiffy is comparable to or higher
* than bfqd->bfq_slice_idle. This happens, e.g., on slow devices with
* HZ=100.
* 2) jiffies, instead of increasing at a constant rate, may stop increasing
* for a while, then suddenly 'jump' by several units to recover the lost
* increments. This seems to happen, e.g., inside virtual machines.
* To address this issue, we do not use as a reference time interval just
* bfqd->bfq_slice_idle, but bfqd->bfq_slice_idle plus a few jiffies. In
* particular we add the minimum number of jiffies for which the filter
* seems to be quite precise also in embedded systems and KVM/QEMU virtual
* machines.
*/
static inline unsigned long bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
return max(bfqq->last_idle_bklogged +
HZ * bfqq->service_from_backlogged /
bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate,
jiffies + bfqq->bfqd->bfq_slice_idle + 4);
}
/*
* Return the largest-possible time instant such that, for as long as possible,
* the current time will be lower than this time instant according to the macro
* time_is_before_jiffies().
*/
static inline unsigned long bfq_infinity_from_now(unsigned long now)
{
return now + ULONG_MAX / 2;
}
/**
* bfq_bfqq_expire - expire a queue.
* @bfqd: device owning the queue.
* @bfqq: the queue to expire.
* @compensate: if true, compensate for the time spent idling.
* @reason: the reason causing the expiration.
*
*
* If the process associated to the queue is slow (i.e., seeky), or in
* case of budget timeout, or, finally, if it is async, we
* artificially charge it an entire budget (independently of the
* actual service it received). As a consequence, the queue will get
* higher timestamps than the correct ones upon reactivation, and
* hence it will be rescheduled as if it had received more service
* than what it actually received. In the end, this class of processes
* will receive less service in proportion to how slowly they consume
* their budgets (and hence how seriously they tend to lower the
* throughput).
*
* In contrast, when a queue expires because it has been idling for
* too much or because it exhausted its budget, we do not touch the
* amount of service it has received. Hence when the queue will be
* reactivated and its timestamps updated, the latter will be in sync
* with the actual service received by the queue until expiration.
*
* Charging a full budget to the first type of queues and the exact
* service to the others has the effect of using the WF2Q+ policy to
* schedule the former on a timeslice basis, without violating the
* service domain guarantees of the latter.
*/
static void bfq_bfqq_expire(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
int compensate,
enum bfqq_expiration reason)
{
int slow;
BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue);
/* Update disk peak rate for autotuning and check whether the
* process is slow (see bfq_update_peak_rate).
*/
slow = bfq_update_peak_rate(bfqd, bfqq, compensate, reason);
/*
* As above explained, 'punish' slow (i.e., seeky), timed-out
* and async queues, to favor sequential sync workloads.
*
* Processes doing I/O in the slower disk zones will tend to be
* slow(er) even if not seeky. Hence, since the estimated peak
* rate is actually an average over the disk surface, these
* processes may timeout just for bad luck. To avoid punishing
* them we do not charge a full budget to a process that
* succeeded in consuming at least 2/3 of its budget.
*/
if (slow || (reason == BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT &&
bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >= bfqq->entity.budget / 3))
bfq_bfqq_charge_full_budget(bfqq);
bfqq->service_from_backlogged += bfqq->entity.service;
if (BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) && reason == BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT &&
!bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)) {
bfq_mark_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq);
if (!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue))
bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues++;
}
if (reason == BFQ_BFQQ_TOO_IDLE &&
bfqq->entity.service <= 2 * bfqq->entity.budget / 10 )
bfq_clear_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
if (bfqd->low_latency && bfqq->wr_coeff == 1)
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
if (bfqd->low_latency && bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate > 0 &&
RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list)) {
/*
* If we get here, and there are no outstanding requests,
* then the request pattern is isochronous (see the comments
* to the function bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start()). Hence we
* can compute soft_rt_next_start. If, instead, the queue
* still has outstanding requests, then we have to wait
* for the completion of all the outstanding requests to
* discover whether the request pattern is actually
* isochronous.
*/
if (bfqq->dispatched == 0)
bfqq->soft_rt_next_start =
bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start(bfqd, bfqq);
else {
/*
* The application is still waiting for the
* completion of one or more requests:
* prevent it from possibly being incorrectly
* deemed as soft real-time by setting its
* soft_rt_next_start to infinity. In fact,
* without this assignment, the application
* would be incorrectly deemed as soft
* real-time if:
* 1) it issued a new request before the
* completion of all its in-flight
* requests, and
* 2) at that time, its soft_rt_next_start
* happened to be in the past.
*/
bfqq->soft_rt_next_start =
bfq_infinity_from_now(jiffies);
/*
* Schedule an update of soft_rt_next_start to when
* the task may be discovered to be isochronous.
*/
bfq_mark_bfqq_softrt_update(bfqq);
}
}
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"expire (%d, slow %d, num_disp %d, idle_win %d)", reason,
slow, bfqq->dispatched, bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq));
/*
* Increase, decrease or leave budget unchanged according to
* reason.
*/
__bfq_bfqq_recalc_budget(bfqd, bfqq, reason);
__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
}
/*
* Budget timeout is not implemented through a dedicated timer, but
* just checked on request arrivals and completions, as well as on
* idle timer expirations.
*/
static int bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
if (bfq_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq) ||
time_before(jiffies, bfqq->budget_timeout))
return 0;
return 1;
}
/*
* If we expire a queue that is waiting for the arrival of a new
* request, we may prevent the fictitious timestamp back-shifting that
* allows the guarantees of the queue to be preserved (see [1] for
* this tricky aspect). Hence we return true only if this condition
* does not hold, or if the queue is slow enough to deserve only to be
* kicked off for preserving a high throughput.
*/
static inline int bfq_may_expire_for_budg_timeout(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqq->bfqd, bfqq,
"may_budget_timeout: wait_request %d left %d timeout %d",
bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq),
bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >= bfqq->entity.budget / 3,
bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq));
return (!bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq) ||
bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq) >= bfqq->entity.budget / 3)
&&
bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq);
}
/*
* Device idling is allowed only for the queues for which this function
* returns true. For this reason, the return value of this function plays a
* critical role for both throughput boosting and service guarantees. The
* return value is computed through a logical expression. In this rather
* long comment, we try to briefly describe all the details and motivations
* behind the components of this logical expression.
*
* First, the expression is false if bfqq is not sync, or if: bfqq happened
* to become active during a large burst of queue activations, and the
* pattern of requests bfqq contains boosts the throughput if bfqq is
* expired. In fact, queues that became active during a large burst benefit
* only from throughput, as discussed in the comments to bfq_handle_burst.
* In this respect, expiring bfqq certainly boosts the throughput on NCQ-
* capable flash-based devices, whereas, on rotational devices, it boosts
* the throughput only if bfqq contains random requests.
*
* On the opposite end, if (a) bfqq is sync, (b) the above burst-related
* condition does not hold, and (c) bfqq is being weight-raised, then the
* expression always evaluates to true, as device idling is instrumental
* for preserving low-latency guarantees (see [1]). If, instead, conditions
* (a) and (b) do hold, but (c) does not, then the expression evaluates to
* true only if: (1) bfqq is I/O-bound and has a non-null idle window, and
* (2) at least one of the following two conditions holds.
* The first condition is that the device is not performing NCQ, because
* idling the device most certainly boosts the throughput if this condition
* holds and bfqq is I/O-bound and has been granted a non-null idle window.
* The second compound condition is made of the logical AND of two components.
*
* The first component is true only if there is no weight-raised busy
* queue. This guarantees that the device is not idled for a sync non-
* weight-raised queue when there are busy weight-raised queues. The former
* is then expired immediately if empty. Combined with the timestamping
* rules of BFQ (see [1] for details), this causes sync non-weight-raised
* queues to get a lower number of requests served, and hence to ask for a
* lower number of requests from the request pool, before the busy weight-
* raised queues get served again.
*
* This is beneficial for the processes associated with weight-raised
* queues, when the request pool is saturated (e.g., in the presence of
* write hogs). In fact, if the processes associated with the other queues
* ask for requests at a lower rate, then weight-raised processes have a
* higher probability to get a request from the pool immediately (or at
* least soon) when they need one. Hence they have a higher probability to
* actually get a fraction of the disk throughput proportional to their
* high weight. This is especially true with NCQ-capable drives, which
* enqueue several requests in advance and further reorder internally-
* queued requests.
*
* In the end, mistreating non-weight-raised queues when there are busy
* weight-raised queues seems to mitigate starvation problems in the
* presence of heavy write workloads and NCQ, and hence to guarantee a
* higher application and system responsiveness in these hostile scenarios.
*
* If the first component of the compound condition is instead true, i.e.,
* there is no weight-raised busy queue, then the second component of the
* compound condition takes into account service-guarantee and throughput
* issues related to NCQ (recall that the compound condition is evaluated
* only if the device is detected as supporting NCQ).
*
* As for service guarantees, allowing the drive to enqueue more than one
* request at a time, and hence delegating de facto final scheduling
* decisions to the drive's internal scheduler, causes loss of control on
* the actual request service order. In this respect, when the drive is
* allowed to enqueue more than one request at a time, the service
* distribution enforced by the drive's internal scheduler is likely to
* coincide with the desired device-throughput distribution only in the
* following, perfectly symmetric, scenario:
* 1) all active queues have the same weight,
* 2) all active groups at the same level in the groups tree have the same
* weight,
* 3) all active groups at the same level in the groups tree have the same
* number of children.
*
* Even in such a scenario, sequential I/O may still receive a preferential
* treatment, but this is not likely to be a big issue with flash-based
* devices, because of their non-dramatic loss of throughput with random
* I/O. Things do differ with HDDs, for which additional care is taken, as
* explained after completing the discussion for flash-based devices.
*
* Unfortunately, keeping the necessary state for evaluating exactly the
* above symmetry conditions would be quite complex and time-consuming.
* Therefore BFQ evaluates instead the following stronger sub-conditions,
* for which it is much easier to maintain the needed state:
* 1) all active queues have the same weight,
* 2) all active groups have the same weight,
* 3) all active groups have at most one active child each.
* In particular, the last two conditions are always true if hierarchical
* support and the cgroups interface are not enabled, hence no state needs
* to be maintained in this case.
*
* According to the above considerations, the second component of the
* compound condition evaluates to true if any of the above symmetry
* sub-condition does not hold, or the device is not flash-based. Therefore,
* if also the first component is true, then idling is allowed for a sync
* queue. These are the only sub-conditions considered if the device is
* flash-based, as, for such a device, it is sensible to force idling only
* for service-guarantee issues. In fact, as for throughput, idling
* NCQ-capable flash-based devices would not boost the throughput even
* with sequential I/O; rather it would lower the throughput in proportion
* to how fast the device is. In the end, (only) if all the three
* sub-conditions hold and the device is flash-based, the compound
* condition evaluates to false and therefore no idling is performed.
*
* As already said, things change with a rotational device, where idling
* boosts the throughput with sequential I/O (even with NCQ). Hence, for
* such a device the second component of the compound condition evaluates
* to true also if the following additional sub-condition does not hold:
* the queue is constantly seeky. Unfortunately, this different behavior
* with respect to flash-based devices causes an additional asymmetry: if
* some sync queues enjoy idling and some other sync queues do not, then
* the latter get a low share of the device throughput, simply because the
* former get many requests served after being set as in service, whereas
* the latter do not. As a consequence, to guarantee the desired throughput
* distribution, on HDDs the compound expression evaluates to true (and
* hence device idling is performed) also if the following last symmetry
* condition does not hold: no other queue is benefiting from idling. Also
* this last condition is actually replaced with a simpler-to-maintain and
* stronger condition: there is no busy queue which is not constantly seeky
* (and hence may also benefit from idling).
*
* To sum up, when all the required symmetry and throughput-boosting
* sub-conditions hold, the second component of the compound condition
* evaluates to false, and hence no idling is performed. This helps to
* keep the drives' internal queues full on NCQ-capable devices, and hence
* to boost the throughput, without causing 'almost' any loss of service
* guarantees. The 'almost' follows from the fact that, if the internal
* queue of one such device is filled while all the sub-conditions hold,
* but at some point in time some sub-condition stops to hold, then it may
* become impossible to let requests be served in the new desired order
* until all the requests already queued in the device have been served.
*/
static inline bool bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
#define cond_for_seeky_on_ncq_hdd (bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq) && \
bfqd->busy_in_flight_queues == \
bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues)
#define cond_for_expiring_in_burst (bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq) && \
bfqd->hw_tag && \
(blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue) || \
bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)))
/*
* Condition for expiring a non-weight-raised queue (and hence not idling
* the device).
*/
#define cond_for_expiring_non_wr (bfqd->hw_tag && \
(bfqd->wr_busy_queues > 0 || \
(blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue) || \
cond_for_seeky_on_ncq_hdd)))
return bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) &&
!cond_for_expiring_in_burst &&
(bfqq->wr_coeff > 1 || !symmetric_scenario ||
(bfq_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq) && bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq) &&
!cond_for_expiring_non_wr)
);
}
/*
* If the in-service queue is empty but sync, and the function
* bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire returns true, then:
* 1) the queue must remain in service and cannot be expired, and
* 2) the disk must be idled to wait for the possible arrival of a new
* request for the queue.
* See the comments to the function bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire for the reasons
* why performing device idling is the best choice to boost the throughput
* and preserve service guarantees when bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire itself
* returns true.
*/
static inline bool bfq_bfqq_must_idle(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
return RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list) && bfqd->bfq_slice_idle != 0 &&
bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire(bfqq);
}
/*
* Select a queue for service. If we have a current queue in service,
* check whether to continue servicing it, or retrieve and set a new one.
*/
static struct bfq_queue *bfq_select_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
struct request *next_rq;
enum bfqq_expiration reason = BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT;
bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
if (bfqq == NULL)
goto new_queue;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "select_queue: already in-service queue");
if (bfq_may_expire_for_budg_timeout(bfqq) &&
!timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer) &&
!bfq_bfqq_must_idle(bfqq))
goto expire;
next_rq = bfqq->next_rq;
/*
* If bfqq has requests queued and it has enough budget left to
* serve them, keep the queue, otherwise expire it.
*/
if (next_rq != NULL) {
if (bfq_serv_to_charge(next_rq, bfqq) >
bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq)) {
reason = BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_EXHAUSTED;
goto expire;
} else {
/*
* The idle timer may be pending because we may
* not disable disk idling even when a new request
* arrives.
*/
if (timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer)) {
/*
* If we get here: 1) at least a new request
* has arrived but we have not disabled the
* timer because the request was too small,
* 2) then the block layer has unplugged
* the device, causing the dispatch to be
* invoked.
*
* Since the device is unplugged, now the
* requests are probably large enough to
* provide a reasonable throughput.
* So we disable idling.
*/
bfq_clear_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
del_timer(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer);
}
goto keep_queue;
}
}
/*
* No requests pending. However, if the in-service queue is idling
* for a new request, or has requests waiting for a completion and
* may idle after their completion, then keep it anyway.
*/
if (timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer) ||
(bfqq->dispatched != 0 && bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire(bfqq))) {
bfqq = NULL;
goto keep_queue;
}
reason = BFQ_BFQQ_NO_MORE_REQUESTS;
expire:
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 0, reason);
new_queue:
bfqq = bfq_set_in_service_queue(bfqd);
bfq_log(bfqd, "select_queue: new queue %d returned",
bfqq != NULL ? bfqq->pid : 0);
keep_queue:
return bfqq;
}
static void bfq_update_wr_data(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_entity *entity = &bfqq->entity;
if (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1) { /* queue is being weight-raised */
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"raising period dur %u/%u msec, old coeff %u, w %d(%d)",
jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - bfqq->last_wr_start_finish),
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time),
bfqq->wr_coeff,
bfqq->entity.weight, bfqq->entity.orig_weight);
BUG_ON(bfqq != bfqd->in_service_queue && entity->weight !=
entity->orig_weight * bfqq->wr_coeff);
if (entity->ioprio_changed)
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "WARN: pending prio change");
/*
* If the queue was activated in a burst, or
* too much time has elapsed from the beginning
* of this weight-raising period, or the queue has
* exceeded the acceptable number of cooperations,
* then end weight raising.
*/
if (bfq_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq) ||
bfq_bfqq_cooperations(bfqq) >= bfqd->bfq_coop_thresh ||
time_is_before_jiffies(bfqq->last_wr_start_finish +
bfqq->wr_cur_max_time)) {
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = jiffies;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"wrais ending at %lu, rais_max_time %u",
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish,
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
bfq_bfqq_end_wr(bfqq);
}
}
/* Update weight both if it must be raised and if it must be lowered */
if ((entity->weight > entity->orig_weight) != (bfqq->wr_coeff > 1))
__bfq_entity_update_weight_prio(
bfq_entity_service_tree(entity),
entity);
}
/*
* Dispatch one request from bfqq, moving it to the request queue
* dispatch list.
*/
static int bfq_dispatch_request(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
int dispatched = 0;
struct request *rq;
unsigned long service_to_charge;
BUG_ON(RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list));
/* Follow expired path, else get first next available. */
rq = bfq_check_fifo(bfqq);
if (rq == NULL)
rq = bfqq->next_rq;
service_to_charge = bfq_serv_to_charge(rq, bfqq);
if (service_to_charge > bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq)) {
/*
* This may happen if the next rq is chosen in fifo order
* instead of sector order. The budget is properly
* dimensioned to be always sufficient to serve the next
* request only if it is chosen in sector order. The reason
* is that it would be quite inefficient and little useful
* to always make sure that the budget is large enough to
* serve even the possible next rq in fifo order.
* In fact, requests are seldom served in fifo order.
*
* Expire the queue for budget exhaustion, and make sure
* that the next act_budget is enough to serve the next
* request, even if it comes from the fifo expired path.
*/
bfqq->next_rq = rq;
/*
* Since this dispatch is failed, make sure that
* a new one will be performed
*/
if (!bfqd->rq_in_driver)
bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
goto expire;
}
/* Finally, insert request into driver dispatch list. */
bfq_bfqq_served(bfqq, service_to_charge);
bfq_dispatch_insert(bfqd->queue, rq);
bfq_update_wr_data(bfqd, bfqq);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"dispatched %u sec req (%llu), budg left %lu",
blk_rq_sectors(rq),
(long long unsigned)blk_rq_pos(rq),
bfq_bfqq_budget_left(bfqq));
dispatched++;
if (bfqd->in_service_bic == NULL) {
atomic_long_inc(&RQ_BIC(rq)->icq.ioc->refcount);
bfqd->in_service_bic = RQ_BIC(rq);
}
if (bfqd->busy_queues > 1 && ((!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) &&
dispatched >= bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq) ||
bfq_class_idle(bfqq)))
goto expire;
return dispatched;
expire:
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 0, BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_EXHAUSTED);
return dispatched;
}
static int __bfq_forced_dispatch_bfqq(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
int dispatched = 0;
while (bfqq->next_rq != NULL) {
bfq_dispatch_insert(bfqq->bfqd->queue, bfqq->next_rq);
dispatched++;
}
BUG_ON(!list_empty(&bfqq->fifo));
return dispatched;
}
/*
* Drain our current requests.
* Used for barriers and when switching io schedulers on-the-fly.
*/
static int bfq_forced_dispatch(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *n;
struct bfq_service_tree *st;
int dispatched = 0;
bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
if (bfqq != NULL)
__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
/*
* Loop through classes, and be careful to leave the scheduler
* in a consistent state, as feedback mechanisms and vtime
* updates cannot be disabled during the process.
*/
list_for_each_entry_safe(bfqq, n, &bfqd->active_list, bfqq_list) {
st = bfq_entity_service_tree(&bfqq->entity);
dispatched += __bfq_forced_dispatch_bfqq(bfqq);
bfqq->max_budget = bfq_max_budget(bfqd);
bfq_forget_idle(st);
}
BUG_ON(bfqd->busy_queues != 0);
return dispatched;
}
static int bfq_dispatch_requests(struct request_queue *q, int force)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
int max_dispatch;
bfq_log(bfqd, "dispatch requests: %d busy queues", bfqd->busy_queues);
if (bfqd->busy_queues == 0)
return 0;
if (unlikely(force))
return bfq_forced_dispatch(bfqd);
bfqq = bfq_select_queue(bfqd);
if (bfqq == NULL)
return 0;
if (bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
max_dispatch = 1;
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
max_dispatch = bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq;
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) && bfqq->dispatched >= max_dispatch) {
if (bfqd->busy_queues > 1)
return 0;
if (bfqq->dispatched >= 4 * max_dispatch)
return 0;
}
if (bfqd->sync_flight != 0 && !bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
return 0;
bfq_clear_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
BUG_ON(timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer));
if (!bfq_dispatch_request(bfqd, bfqq))
return 0;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "dispatched %s request",
bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) ? "sync" : "async");
return 1;
}
/*
* Task holds one reference to the queue, dropped when task exits. Each rq
* in-flight on this queue also holds a reference, dropped when rq is freed.
*
* Queue lock must be held here.
*/
static void bfq_put_queue(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
BUG_ON(atomic_read(&bfqq->ref) <= 0);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "put_queue: %p %d", bfqq,
atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
if (!atomic_dec_and_test(&bfqq->ref))
return;
BUG_ON(rb_first(&bfqq->sort_list) != NULL);
BUG_ON(bfqq->allocated[READ] + bfqq->allocated[WRITE] != 0);
BUG_ON(bfqq->entity.tree != NULL);
BUG_ON(bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq));
BUG_ON(bfqd->in_service_queue == bfqq);
if (bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq))
/*
* The fact that this queue is being destroyed does not
* invalidate the fact that this queue may have been
* activated during the current burst. As a consequence,
* although the queue does not exist anymore, and hence
* needs to be removed from the burst list if there,
* the burst size has not to be decremented.
*/
hlist_del_init(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "put_queue: %p freed", bfqq);
kmem_cache_free(bfq_pool, bfqq);
}
static void bfq_put_cooperator(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
struct bfq_queue *__bfqq, *next;
/*
* If this queue was scheduled to merge with another queue, be
* sure to drop the reference taken on that queue (and others in
* the merge chain). See bfq_setup_merge and bfq_merge_bfqqs.
*/
__bfqq = bfqq->new_bfqq;
while (__bfqq) {
if (__bfqq == bfqq)
break;
next = __bfqq->new_bfqq;
bfq_put_queue(__bfqq);
__bfqq = next;
}
}
static void bfq_exit_bfqq(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
if (bfqq == bfqd->in_service_queue) {
__bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq);
bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
}
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "exit_bfqq: %p, %d", bfqq,
atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
bfq_put_cooperator(bfqq);
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
}
static inline void bfq_init_icq(struct io_cq *icq)
{
struct bfq_io_cq *bic = icq_to_bic(icq);
bic->ttime.last_end_request = jiffies;
/*
* A newly created bic indicates that the process has just
* started doing I/O, and is probably mapping into memory its
* executable and libraries: it definitely needs weight raising.
* There is however the possibility that the process performs,
* for a while, I/O close to some other process. EQM intercepts
* this behavior and may merge the queue corresponding to the
* process with some other queue, BEFORE the weight of the queue
* is raised. Merged queues are not weight-raised (they are assumed
* to belong to processes that benefit only from high throughput).
* If the merge is basically the consequence of an accident, then
* the queue will be split soon and will get back its old weight.
* It is then important to write down somewhere that this queue
* does need weight raising, even if it did not make it to get its
* weight raised before being merged. To this purpose, we overload
* the field raising_time_left and assign 1 to it, to mark the queue
* as needing weight raising.
*/
bic->wr_time_left = 1;
}
static void bfq_exit_icq(struct io_cq *icq)
{
struct bfq_io_cq *bic = icq_to_bic(icq);
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bic_to_bfqd(bic);
if (bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC]) {
bfq_exit_bfqq(bfqd, bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC]);
bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = NULL;
}
if (bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC]) {
/*
* If the bic is using a shared queue, put the reference
* taken on the io_context when the bic started using a
* shared bfq_queue.
*/
if (bfq_bfqq_coop(bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC]))
put_io_context(icq->ioc);
bfq_exit_bfqq(bfqd, bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC] = NULL;
}
}
/*
* Update the entity prio values; note that the new values will not
* be used until the next (re)activation.
*/
static void bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(struct bfq_queue *bfqq, struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
{
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
struct io_context *ioc = bic->icq.ioc;
int ioprio_class;
ioprio_class = IOPRIO_PRIO_CLASS(ioc->ioprio);
switch (ioprio_class) {
default:
dev_err(bfqq->bfqd->queue->backing_dev_info.dev,
"bfq: bad prio class %d\n", ioprio_class);
case IOPRIO_CLASS_NONE:
/*
* No prio set, inherit CPU scheduling settings.
*/
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio = task_nice_ioprio(tsk);
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio_class = task_nice_ioclass(tsk);
break;
case IOPRIO_CLASS_RT:
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio = task_ioprio(ioc);
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_RT;
break;
case IOPRIO_CLASS_BE:
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio = task_ioprio(ioc);
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_BE;
break;
case IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE:
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE;
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio = 7;
bfq_clear_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
break;
}
if (bfqq->entity.new_ioprio < 0 ||
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio >= IOPRIO_BE_NR) {
printk(KERN_CRIT "bfq_set_next_ioprio_data: new_ioprio %d\n",
bfqq->entity.new_ioprio);
BUG();
}
bfqq->entity.new_weight = bfq_ioprio_to_weight(bfqq->entity.new_ioprio);
bfqq->entity.ioprio_changed = 1;
}
static void bfq_check_ioprio_change(struct io_context *ioc,
struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *new_bfqq;
struct bfq_group *bfqg;
unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);
int ioprio = bic->icq.ioc->ioprio;
bfqd = bfq_get_bfqd_locked(&(bic->icq.q->elevator->elevator_data),
&flags);
if (unlikely(bfqd == NULL))
return;
bic->ioprio = ioprio;
bfqq = bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC];
if (bfqq != NULL) {
bfqg = container_of(bfqq->entity.sched_data, struct bfq_group,
sched_data);
new_bfqq = bfq_get_queue(bfqd, bfqg, BLK_RW_ASYNC, bic->icq.ioc,
GFP_ATOMIC);
if (new_bfqq != NULL) {
bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = new_bfqq;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"check_ioprio_change: bfqq %p %d",
bfqq, atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
}
}
bfqq = bic->bfqq[BLK_RW_SYNC];
if (bfqq != NULL)
bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(bfqq, bic);
bfq_put_bfqd_unlock(bfqd, &flags);
}
static void bfq_init_bfqq(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
struct bfq_io_cq *bic, pid_t pid, int is_sync)
{
RB_CLEAR_NODE(&bfqq->entity.rb_node);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bfqq->fifo);
INIT_HLIST_NODE(&bfqq->burst_list_node);
atomic_set(&bfqq->ref, 0);
bfqq->bfqd = bfqd;
if (bic)
bfq_set_next_ioprio_data(bfqq, bic);
if (is_sync) {
if (!bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
bfq_mark_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
bfq_mark_bfqq_sync(bfqq);
}
bfq_mark_bfqq_IO_bound(bfqq);
/* Tentative initial value to trade off between thr and lat */
bfqq->max_budget = (2 * bfq_max_budget(bfqd)) / 3;
bfqq->pid = pid;
bfqq->wr_coeff = 1;
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish = 0;
/*
* Set to the value for which bfqq will not be deemed as
* soft rt when it becomes backlogged.
*/
bfqq->soft_rt_next_start = bfq_infinity_from_now(jiffies);
}
static struct bfq_queue *bfq_find_alloc_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_group *bfqg,
int is_sync,
struct io_context *ioc,
gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *new_bfqq = NULL;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic;
retry:
bic = bfq_bic_lookup(bfqd, ioc);
/* bic always exists here */
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, is_sync);
/*
* Always try a new alloc if we fall back to the OOM bfqq
* originally, since it should just be a temporary situation.
*/
if (bfqq == NULL || bfqq == &bfqd->oom_bfqq) {
bfqq = NULL;
if (new_bfqq != NULL) {
bfqq = new_bfqq;
new_bfqq = NULL;
} else if (gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT) {
spin_unlock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
new_bfqq = kmem_cache_alloc_node(bfq_pool,
gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO,
bfqd->queue->node);
spin_lock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
if (new_bfqq != NULL)
goto retry;
} else {
bfqq = kmem_cache_alloc_node(bfq_pool,
gfp_mask | __GFP_ZERO,
bfqd->queue->node);
}
if (bfqq != NULL) {
bfq_init_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, bic, current->pid,
is_sync);
bfq_init_entity(&bfqq->entity, bfqg);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "allocated");
} else {
bfqq = &bfqd->oom_bfqq;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "using oom bfqq");
}
}
if (new_bfqq != NULL)
kmem_cache_free(bfq_pool, new_bfqq);
return bfqq;
}
static struct bfq_queue **bfq_async_queue_prio(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_group *bfqg,
int ioprio_class, int ioprio)
{
switch (ioprio_class) {
case IOPRIO_CLASS_RT:
return &bfqg->async_bfqq[0][ioprio];
case IOPRIO_CLASS_BE:
return &bfqg->async_bfqq[1][ioprio];
case IOPRIO_CLASS_IDLE:
return &bfqg->async_idle_bfqq;
default:
BUG();
}
}
static struct bfq_queue *bfq_get_queue(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_group *bfqg, int is_sync,
struct io_context *ioc, gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
const int ioprio = task_ioprio(ioc);
const int ioprio_class = task_ioprio_class(ioc);
struct bfq_queue **async_bfqq = NULL;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = NULL;
if (!is_sync) {
async_bfqq = bfq_async_queue_prio(bfqd, bfqg, ioprio_class,
ioprio);
bfqq = *async_bfqq;
}
if (bfqq == NULL)
bfqq = bfq_find_alloc_queue(bfqd, bfqg, is_sync, ioc, gfp_mask);
/*
* Pin the queue now that it's allocated, scheduler exit will
* prune it.
*/
if (!is_sync && *async_bfqq == NULL) {
atomic_inc(&bfqq->ref);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "get_queue, bfqq not in async: %p, %d",
bfqq, atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
*async_bfqq = bfqq;
}
atomic_inc(&bfqq->ref);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "get_queue, at end: %p, %d", bfqq,
atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
return bfqq;
}
static void bfq_update_io_thinktime(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
{
unsigned long elapsed = jiffies - bic->ttime.last_end_request;
unsigned long ttime = min(elapsed, 2UL * bfqd->bfq_slice_idle);
bic->ttime.ttime_samples = (7*bic->ttime.ttime_samples + 256) / 8;
bic->ttime.ttime_total = (7*bic->ttime.ttime_total + 256*ttime) / 8;
bic->ttime.ttime_mean = (bic->ttime.ttime_total + 128) /
bic->ttime.ttime_samples;
}
static void bfq_update_io_seektime(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
struct request *rq)
{
sector_t sdist;
u64 total;
if (bfqq->last_request_pos < blk_rq_pos(rq))
sdist = blk_rq_pos(rq) - bfqq->last_request_pos;
else
sdist = bfqq->last_request_pos - blk_rq_pos(rq);
/*
* Don't allow the seek distance to get too large from the
* odd fragment, pagein, etc.
*/
if (bfqq->seek_samples == 0) /* first request, not really a seek */
sdist = 0;
else if (bfqq->seek_samples <= 60) /* second & third seek */
sdist = min(sdist, (bfqq->seek_mean * 4) + 2*1024*1024);
else
sdist = min(sdist, (bfqq->seek_mean * 4) + 2*1024*64);
bfqq->seek_samples = (7*bfqq->seek_samples + 256) / 8;
bfqq->seek_total = (7*bfqq->seek_total + (u64)256*sdist) / 8;
total = bfqq->seek_total + (bfqq->seek_samples/2);
do_div(total, bfqq->seek_samples);
bfqq->seek_mean = (sector_t)total;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "dist=%llu mean=%llu", (u64)sdist,
(u64)bfqq->seek_mean);
}
/*
* Disable idle window if the process thinks too long or seeks so much that
* it doesn't matter.
*/
static void bfq_update_idle_window(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
struct bfq_io_cq *bic)
{
int enable_idle;
/* Don't idle for async or idle io prio class. */
if (!bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq) || bfq_class_idle(bfqq))
return;
/* Idle window just restored, statistics are meaningless. */
if (bfq_bfqq_just_split(bfqq))
return;
enable_idle = bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
if (atomic_read(&bic->icq.ioc->nr_tasks) == 0 ||
bfqd->bfq_slice_idle == 0 ||
(bfqd->hw_tag && BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) &&
bfqq->wr_coeff == 1))
enable_idle = 0;
else if (bfq_sample_valid(bic->ttime.ttime_samples)) {
if (bic->ttime.ttime_mean > bfqd->bfq_slice_idle &&
bfqq->wr_coeff == 1)
enable_idle = 0;
else
enable_idle = 1;
}
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "update_idle_window: enable_idle %d",
enable_idle);
if (enable_idle)
bfq_mark_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
else
bfq_clear_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq);
}
/*
* Called when a new fs request (rq) is added to bfqq. Check if there's
* something we should do about it.
*/
static void bfq_rq_enqueued(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_queue *bfqq,
struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_io_cq *bic = RQ_BIC(rq);
if (rq->cmd_flags & REQ_META)
bfqq->meta_pending++;
bfq_update_io_thinktime(bfqd, bic);
bfq_update_io_seektime(bfqd, bfqq, rq);
if (!BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq) && bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)) {
bfq_clear_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq);
if (!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue)) {
BUG_ON(!bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues);
bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues--;
}
}
if (bfqq->entity.service > bfq_max_budget(bfqd) / 8 ||
!BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq))
bfq_update_idle_window(bfqd, bfqq, bic);
bfq_clear_bfqq_just_split(bfqq);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq,
"rq_enqueued: idle_window=%d (seeky %d, mean %llu)",
bfq_bfqq_idle_window(bfqq), BFQQ_SEEKY(bfqq),
(long long unsigned)bfqq->seek_mean);
bfqq->last_request_pos = blk_rq_pos(rq) + blk_rq_sectors(rq);
if (bfqq == bfqd->in_service_queue && bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq)) {
int small_req = bfqq->queued[rq_is_sync(rq)] == 1 &&
blk_rq_sectors(rq) < 32;
int budget_timeout = bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq);
/*
* There is just this request queued: if the request
* is small and the queue is not to be expired, then
* just exit.
*
* In this way, if the disk is being idled to wait for
* a new request from the in-service queue, we avoid
* unplugging the device and committing the disk to serve
* just a small request. On the contrary, we wait for
* the block layer to decide when to unplug the device:
* hopefully, new requests will be merged to this one
* quickly, then the device will be unplugged and
* larger requests will be dispatched.
*/
if (small_req && !budget_timeout)
return;
/*
* A large enough request arrived, or the queue is to
* be expired: in both cases disk idling is to be
* stopped, so clear wait_request flag and reset
* timer.
*/
bfq_clear_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq);
del_timer(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer);
/*
* The queue is not empty, because a new request just
* arrived. Hence we can safely expire the queue, in
* case of budget timeout, without risking that the
* timestamps of the queue are not updated correctly.
* See [1] for more details.
*/
if (budget_timeout)
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 0, BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT);
/*
* Let the request rip immediately, or let a new queue be
* selected if bfqq has just been expired.
*/
__blk_run_queue(bfqd->queue);
}
}
static void bfq_insert_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq), *new_bfqq;
assert_spin_locked(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
/*
* An unplug may trigger a requeue of a request from the device
* driver: make sure we are in process context while trying to
* merge two bfq_queues.
*/
if (!in_interrupt()) {
new_bfqq = bfq_setup_cooperator(bfqd, bfqq, rq, true);
if (new_bfqq != NULL) {
if (bic_to_bfqq(RQ_BIC(rq), 1) != bfqq)
new_bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(RQ_BIC(rq), 1);
/*
* Release the request's reference to the old bfqq
* and make sure one is taken to the shared queue.
*/
new_bfqq->allocated[rq_data_dir(rq)]++;
bfqq->allocated[rq_data_dir(rq)]--;
atomic_inc(&new_bfqq->ref);
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
if (bic_to_bfqq(RQ_BIC(rq), 1) == bfqq)
bfq_merge_bfqqs(bfqd, RQ_BIC(rq),
bfqq, new_bfqq);
rq->elv.priv[1] = new_bfqq;
bfqq = new_bfqq;
} else
bfq_bfqq_increase_failed_cooperations(bfqq);
}
bfq_add_request(rq);
/*
* Here a newly-created bfq_queue has already started a weight-raising
* period: clear raising_time_left to prevent bfq_bfqq_save_state()
* from assigning it a full weight-raising period. See the detailed
* comments about this field in bfq_init_icq().
*/
if (bfqq->bic != NULL)
bfqq->bic->wr_time_left = 0;
rq_set_fifo_time(rq, jiffies + bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[rq_is_sync(rq)]);
list_add_tail(&rq->queuelist, &bfqq->fifo);
bfq_rq_enqueued(bfqd, bfqq, rq);
}
static void bfq_update_hw_tag(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
bfqd->max_rq_in_driver = max(bfqd->max_rq_in_driver,
bfqd->rq_in_driver);
if (bfqd->hw_tag == 1)
return;
/*
* This sample is valid if the number of outstanding requests
* is large enough to allow a queueing behavior. Note that the
* sum is not exact, as it's not taking into account deactivated
* requests.
*/
if (bfqd->rq_in_driver + bfqd->queued < BFQ_HW_QUEUE_THRESHOLD)
return;
if (bfqd->hw_tag_samples++ < BFQ_HW_QUEUE_SAMPLES)
return;
bfqd->hw_tag = bfqd->max_rq_in_driver > BFQ_HW_QUEUE_THRESHOLD;
bfqd->max_rq_in_driver = 0;
bfqd->hw_tag_samples = 0;
}
static void bfq_completed_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq);
struct bfq_data *bfqd = bfqq->bfqd;
bool sync = bfq_bfqq_sync(bfqq);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "completed one req with %u sects left (%d)",
blk_rq_sectors(rq), sync);
bfq_update_hw_tag(bfqd);
BUG_ON(!bfqd->rq_in_driver);
BUG_ON(!bfqq->dispatched);
bfqd->rq_in_driver--;
bfqq->dispatched--;
if (!bfqq->dispatched && !bfq_bfqq_busy(bfqq)) {
bfq_weights_tree_remove(bfqd, &bfqq->entity,
&bfqd->queue_weights_tree);
if (!blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue)) {
BUG_ON(!bfqd->busy_in_flight_queues);
bfqd->busy_in_flight_queues--;
if (bfq_bfqq_constantly_seeky(bfqq)) {
BUG_ON(!bfqd->
const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues);
bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues--;
}
}
}
if (sync) {
bfqd->sync_flight--;
RQ_BIC(rq)->ttime.last_end_request = jiffies;
}
/*
* If we are waiting to discover whether the request pattern of the
* task associated with the queue is actually isochronous, and
* both requisites for this condition to hold are satisfied, then
* compute soft_rt_next_start (see the comments to the function
* bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start()).
*/
if (bfq_bfqq_softrt_update(bfqq) && bfqq->dispatched == 0 &&
RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list))
bfqq->soft_rt_next_start =
bfq_bfqq_softrt_next_start(bfqd, bfqq);
/*
* If this is the in-service queue, check if it needs to be expired,
* or if we want to idle in case it has no pending requests.
*/
if (bfqd->in_service_queue == bfqq) {
if (bfq_bfqq_budget_new(bfqq))
bfq_set_budget_timeout(bfqd);
if (bfq_bfqq_must_idle(bfqq)) {
bfq_arm_slice_timer(bfqd);
goto out;
} else if (bfq_may_expire_for_budg_timeout(bfqq))
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 0, BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT);
else if (RB_EMPTY_ROOT(&bfqq->sort_list) &&
(bfqq->dispatched == 0 ||
!bfq_bfqq_must_not_expire(bfqq)))
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 0,
BFQ_BFQQ_NO_MORE_REQUESTS);
}
if (!bfqd->rq_in_driver)
bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
out:
return;
}
static inline int __bfq_may_queue(struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
if (bfq_bfqq_wait_request(bfqq) && bfq_bfqq_must_alloc(bfqq)) {
bfq_clear_bfqq_must_alloc(bfqq);
return ELV_MQUEUE_MUST;
}
return ELV_MQUEUE_MAY;
}
static int bfq_may_queue(struct request_queue *q, int rw)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct task_struct *tsk = current;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
/*
* Don't force setup of a queue from here, as a call to may_queue
* does not necessarily imply that a request actually will be
* queued. So just lookup a possibly existing queue, or return
* 'may queue' if that fails.
*/
bic = bfq_bic_lookup(bfqd, tsk->io_context);
if (bic == NULL)
return ELV_MQUEUE_MAY;
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, rw_is_sync(rw));
if (bfqq != NULL)
return __bfq_may_queue(bfqq);
return ELV_MQUEUE_MAY;
}
/*
* Queue lock held here.
*/
static void bfq_put_request(struct request *rq)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = RQ_BFQQ(rq);
if (bfqq != NULL) {
const int rw = rq_data_dir(rq);
BUG_ON(!bfqq->allocated[rw]);
bfqq->allocated[rw]--;
rq->elv.priv[0] = NULL;
rq->elv.priv[1] = NULL;
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqq->bfqd, bfqq, "put_request %p, %d",
bfqq, atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
}
}
/*
* Returns NULL if a new bfqq should be allocated, or the old bfqq if this
* was the last process referring to said bfqq.
*/
static struct bfq_queue *
bfq_split_bfqq(struct bfq_io_cq *bic, struct bfq_queue *bfqq)
{
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqq->bfqd, bfqq, "splitting queue");
put_io_context(bic->icq.ioc);
if (bfqq_process_refs(bfqq) == 1) {
bfqq->pid = current->pid;
bfq_clear_bfqq_coop(bfqq);
bfq_clear_bfqq_split_coop(bfqq);
return bfqq;
}
bic_set_bfqq(bic, NULL, 1);
bfq_put_cooperator(bfqq);
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
return NULL;
}
/*
* Allocate bfq data structures associated with this request.
*/
static int bfq_set_request(struct request_queue *q, struct request *rq,
gfp_t gfp_mask)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = q->elevator->elevator_data;
struct bfq_io_cq *bic = icq_to_bic(rq->elv.icq);
const int rw = rq_data_dir(rq);
const int is_sync = rq_is_sync(rq);
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
struct bfq_group *bfqg;
unsigned long flags;
bool split = false;
/* handle changed prio notifications; cgroup change is handled separately */
if (unlikely(icq_get_changed(&bic->icq) & ICQ_IOPRIO_CHANGED))
bfq_check_ioprio_change(bic->icq.ioc, bic);
might_sleep_if(gfp_mask & __GFP_WAIT);
spin_lock_irqsave(q->queue_lock, flags);
if (bic == NULL)
goto queue_fail;
bfqg = bfq_bic_update_cgroup(bic);
new_queue:
bfqq = bic_to_bfqq(bic, is_sync);
if (bfqq == NULL || bfqq == &bfqd->oom_bfqq) {
bfqq = bfq_get_queue(bfqd, bfqg, is_sync, bic->icq.ioc, gfp_mask);
bic_set_bfqq(bic, bfqq, is_sync);
if (split && is_sync) {
if ((bic->was_in_burst_list && bfqd->large_burst) ||
bic->saved_in_large_burst)
bfq_mark_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
else {
bfq_clear_bfqq_in_large_burst(bfqq);
if (bic->was_in_burst_list)
hlist_add_head(&bfqq->burst_list_node,
&bfqd->burst_list);
}
}
} else {
/* If the queue was seeky for too long, break it apart. */
if (bfq_bfqq_coop(bfqq) && bfq_bfqq_split_coop(bfqq)) {
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "breaking apart bfqq");
bfqq = bfq_split_bfqq(bic, bfqq);
split = true;
if (!bfqq)
goto new_queue;
}
}
bfqq->allocated[rw]++;
atomic_inc(&bfqq->ref);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "set_request: bfqq %p, %d", bfqq,
atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
rq->elv.priv[0] = bic;
rq->elv.priv[1] = bfqq;
/*
* If a bfq_queue has only one process reference, it is owned
* by only one bfq_io_cq: we can set the bic field of the
* bfq_queue to the address of that structure. Also, if the
* queue has just been split, mark a flag so that the
* information is available to the other scheduler hooks.
*/
if (likely(bfqq != &bfqd->oom_bfqq) && bfqq_process_refs(bfqq) == 1) {
bfqq->bic = bic;
if (split) {
bfq_mark_bfqq_just_split(bfqq);
/*
* If the queue has just been split from a shared
* queue, restore the idle window and the possible
* weight raising period.
*/
bfq_bfqq_resume_state(bfqq, bic);
}
}
spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
return 0;
queue_fail:
bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(q->queue_lock, flags);
return 1;
}
static void bfq_kick_queue(struct work_struct *work)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd =
container_of(work, struct bfq_data, unplug_work);
struct request_queue *q = bfqd->queue;
spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
__blk_run_queue(q);
spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
}
/*
* Handler of the expiration of the timer running if the in-service queue
* is idling inside its time slice.
*/
static void bfq_idle_slice_timer(unsigned long data)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = (struct bfq_data *)data;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
unsigned long flags;
enum bfqq_expiration reason;
spin_lock_irqsave(bfqd->queue->queue_lock, flags);
bfqq = bfqd->in_service_queue;
/*
* Theoretical race here: the in-service queue can be NULL or
* different from the queue that was idling if the timer handler
* spins on the queue_lock and a new request arrives for the
* current queue and there is a full dispatch cycle that changes
* the in-service queue. This can hardly happen, but in the worst
* case we just expire a queue too early.
*/
if (bfqq != NULL) {
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "slice_timer expired");
if (bfq_bfqq_budget_timeout(bfqq))
/*
* Also here the queue can be safely expired
* for budget timeout without wasting
* guarantees
*/
reason = BFQ_BFQQ_BUDGET_TIMEOUT;
else if (bfqq->queued[0] == 0 && bfqq->queued[1] == 0)
/*
* The queue may not be empty upon timer expiration,
* because we may not disable the timer when the
* first request of the in-service queue arrives
* during disk idling.
*/
reason = BFQ_BFQQ_TOO_IDLE;
else
goto schedule_dispatch;
bfq_bfqq_expire(bfqd, bfqq, 1, reason);
}
schedule_dispatch:
bfq_schedule_dispatch(bfqd);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(bfqd->queue->queue_lock, flags);
}
static void bfq_shutdown_timer_wq(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
del_timer_sync(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer);
cancel_work_sync(&bfqd->unplug_work);
}
static inline void __bfq_put_async_bfqq(struct bfq_data *bfqd,
struct bfq_queue **bfqq_ptr)
{
struct bfq_group *root_group = bfqd->root_group;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq = *bfqq_ptr;
bfq_log(bfqd, "put_async_bfqq: %p", bfqq);
if (bfqq != NULL) {
bfq_bfqq_move(bfqd, bfqq, &bfqq->entity, root_group);
bfq_log_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, "put_async_bfqq: putting %p, %d",
bfqq, atomic_read(&bfqq->ref));
bfq_put_queue(bfqq);
*bfqq_ptr = NULL;
}
}
/*
* Release all the bfqg references to its async queues. If we are
* deallocating the group these queues may still contain requests, so
* we reparent them to the root cgroup (i.e., the only one that will
* exist for sure until all the requests on a device are gone).
*/
static void bfq_put_async_queues(struct bfq_data *bfqd, struct bfq_group *bfqg)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 2; i++)
for (j = 0; j < IOPRIO_BE_NR; j++)
__bfq_put_async_bfqq(bfqd, &bfqg->async_bfqq[i][j]);
__bfq_put_async_bfqq(bfqd, &bfqg->async_idle_bfqq);
}
static void bfq_exit_queue(struct elevator_queue *e)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
struct request_queue *q = bfqd->queue;
struct bfq_queue *bfqq, *n;
bfq_shutdown_timer_wq(bfqd);
spin_lock_irq(q->queue_lock);
BUG_ON(bfqd->in_service_queue != NULL);
list_for_each_entry_safe(bfqq, n, &bfqd->idle_list, bfqq_list)
bfq_deactivate_bfqq(bfqd, bfqq, 0);
bfq_disconnect_groups(bfqd);
spin_unlock_irq(q->queue_lock);
bfq_shutdown_timer_wq(bfqd);
synchronize_rcu();
BUG_ON(timer_pending(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer));
bfq_free_root_group(bfqd);
kfree(bfqd);
}
static void *bfq_init_queue(struct request_queue *q)
{
struct bfq_group *bfqg;
struct bfq_data *bfqd;
bfqd = kzalloc_node(sizeof(*bfqd), GFP_KERNEL, q->node);
if (bfqd == NULL)
return NULL;
/*
* Our fallback bfqq if bfq_find_alloc_queue() runs into OOM issues.
* Grab a permanent reference to it, so that the normal code flow
* will not attempt to free it.
*/
bfq_init_bfqq(bfqd, &bfqd->oom_bfqq, NULL, 1, 0);
atomic_inc(&bfqd->oom_bfqq.ref);
bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity.new_ioprio = BFQ_DEFAULT_QUEUE_IOPRIO;
bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity.new_ioprio_class = IOPRIO_CLASS_BE;
bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity.new_weight =
bfq_ioprio_to_weight(bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity.new_ioprio);
/*
* Trigger weight initialization, according to ioprio, at the
* oom_bfqq's first activation. The oom_bfqq's ioprio and ioprio
* class won't be changed any more.
*/
bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity.ioprio_changed = 1;
bfqd->queue = q;
bfqg = bfq_alloc_root_group(bfqd, q->node);
if (bfqg == NULL) {
kfree(bfqd);
return NULL;
}
bfqd->root_group = bfqg;
bfq_init_entity(&bfqd->oom_bfqq.entity, bfqd->root_group);
#ifdef CONFIG_CGROUP_BFQIO
bfqd->active_numerous_groups = 0;
#endif
init_timer(&bfqd->idle_slice_timer);
bfqd->idle_slice_timer.function = bfq_idle_slice_timer;
bfqd->idle_slice_timer.data = (unsigned long)bfqd;
bfqd->rq_pos_tree = RB_ROOT;
bfqd->queue_weights_tree = RB_ROOT;
bfqd->group_weights_tree = RB_ROOT;
INIT_WORK(&bfqd->unplug_work, bfq_kick_queue);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bfqd->active_list);
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&bfqd->idle_list);
INIT_HLIST_HEAD(&bfqd->burst_list);
bfqd->hw_tag = -1;
bfqd->bfq_max_budget = bfq_default_max_budget;
bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[0] = bfq_fifo_expire[0];
bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[1] = bfq_fifo_expire[1];
bfqd->bfq_back_max = bfq_back_max;
bfqd->bfq_back_penalty = bfq_back_penalty;
bfqd->bfq_slice_idle = bfq_slice_idle;
bfqd->bfq_class_idle_last_service = 0;
bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq = bfq_max_budget_async_rq;
bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_ASYNC] = bfq_timeout_async;
bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_SYNC] = bfq_timeout_sync;
bfqd->bfq_coop_thresh = 2;
bfqd->bfq_failed_cooperations = 7000;
bfqd->bfq_requests_within_timer = 120;
bfqd->bfq_large_burst_thresh = 11;
bfqd->bfq_burst_interval = msecs_to_jiffies(500);
bfqd->low_latency = true;
bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff = 20;
bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time = msecs_to_jiffies(300);
bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time = 0;
bfqd->bfq_wr_min_idle_time = msecs_to_jiffies(2000);
bfqd->bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async = msecs_to_jiffies(500);
bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate = 7000; /*
* Approximate rate required
* to playback or record a
* high-definition compressed
* video.
*/
bfqd->wr_busy_queues = 0;
bfqd->busy_in_flight_queues = 0;
bfqd->const_seeky_busy_in_flight_queues = 0;
/*
* Begin by assuming, optimistically, that the device peak rate is
* equal to the highest reference rate.
*/
bfqd->RT_prod = R_fast[blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue)] *
T_fast[blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue)];
bfqd->peak_rate = R_fast[blk_queue_nonrot(bfqd->queue)];
bfqd->device_speed = BFQ_BFQD_FAST;
return bfqd;
}
static void bfq_slab_kill(void)
{
if (bfq_pool != NULL)
kmem_cache_destroy(bfq_pool);
}
static int __init bfq_slab_setup(void)
{
bfq_pool = KMEM_CACHE(bfq_queue, 0);
if (bfq_pool == NULL)
return -ENOMEM;
return 0;
}
static ssize_t bfq_var_show(unsigned int var, char *page)
{
return sprintf(page, "%d\n", var);
}
static ssize_t bfq_var_store(unsigned long *var, const char *page,
size_t count)
{
unsigned long new_val;
int ret = kstrtoul(page, 10, &new_val);
if (ret == 0)
*var = new_val;
return count;
}
static ssize_t bfq_wr_max_time_show(struct elevator_queue *e, char *page)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
return sprintf(page, "%d\n", bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time > 0 ?
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time) :
jiffies_to_msecs(bfq_wr_duration(bfqd)));
}
static ssize_t bfq_weights_show(struct elevator_queue *e, char *page)
{
struct bfq_queue *bfqq;
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
ssize_t num_char = 0;
num_char += sprintf(page + num_char, "Tot reqs queued %d\n\n",
bfqd->queued);
spin_lock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
num_char += sprintf(page + num_char, "Active:\n");
list_for_each_entry(bfqq, &bfqd->active_list, bfqq_list) {
num_char += sprintf(page + num_char,
"pid%d: weight %hu, nr_queued %d %d, dur %d/%u\n",
bfqq->pid,
bfqq->entity.weight,
bfqq->queued[0],
bfqq->queued[1],
jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies - bfqq->last_wr_start_finish),
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
}
num_char += sprintf(page + num_char, "Idle:\n");
list_for_each_entry(bfqq, &bfqd->idle_list, bfqq_list) {
num_char += sprintf(page + num_char,
"pid%d: weight %hu, dur %d/%u\n",
bfqq->pid,
bfqq->entity.weight,
jiffies_to_msecs(jiffies -
bfqq->last_wr_start_finish),
jiffies_to_msecs(bfqq->wr_cur_max_time));
}
spin_unlock_irq(bfqd->queue->queue_lock);
return num_char;
}
#define SHOW_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __VAR, __CONV) \
static ssize_t __FUNC(struct elevator_queue *e, char *page) \
{ \
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data; \
unsigned int __data = __VAR; \
if (__CONV) \
__data = jiffies_to_msecs(__data); \
return bfq_var_show(__data, (page)); \
}
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_fifo_expire_sync_show, bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[1], 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_fifo_expire_async_show, bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[0], 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_back_seek_max_show, bfqd->bfq_back_max, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_back_seek_penalty_show, bfqd->bfq_back_penalty, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_slice_idle_show, bfqd->bfq_slice_idle, 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_max_budget_show, bfqd->bfq_user_max_budget, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_max_budget_async_rq_show,
bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_timeout_sync_show, bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_SYNC], 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_timeout_async_show, bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_ASYNC], 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_low_latency_show, bfqd->low_latency, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_coeff_show, bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff, 0);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_rt_max_time_show, bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time, 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_min_idle_time_show, bfqd->bfq_wr_min_idle_time, 1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async_show, bfqd->bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async,
1);
SHOW_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate_show, bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate, 0);
#undef SHOW_FUNCTION
#define STORE_FUNCTION(__FUNC, __PTR, MIN, MAX, __CONV) \
static ssize_t \
__FUNC(struct elevator_queue *e, const char *page, size_t count) \
{ \
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data; \
unsigned long uninitialized_var(__data); \
int ret = bfq_var_store(&__data, (page), count); \
if (__data < (MIN)) \
__data = (MIN); \
else if (__data > (MAX)) \
__data = (MAX); \
if (__CONV) \
*(__PTR) = msecs_to_jiffies(__data); \
else \
*(__PTR) = __data; \
return ret; \
}
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_fifo_expire_sync_store, &bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[1], 1,
INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_fifo_expire_async_store, &bfqd->bfq_fifo_expire[0], 1,
INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_back_seek_max_store, &bfqd->bfq_back_max, 0, INT_MAX, 0);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_back_seek_penalty_store, &bfqd->bfq_back_penalty, 1,
INT_MAX, 0);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_slice_idle_store, &bfqd->bfq_slice_idle, 0, INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_max_budget_async_rq_store, &bfqd->bfq_max_budget_async_rq,
1, INT_MAX, 0);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_timeout_async_store, &bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_ASYNC], 0,
INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_coeff_store, &bfqd->bfq_wr_coeff, 1, INT_MAX, 0);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_max_time_store, &bfqd->bfq_wr_max_time, 0, INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_rt_max_time_store, &bfqd->bfq_wr_rt_max_time, 0, INT_MAX,
1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_min_idle_time_store, &bfqd->bfq_wr_min_idle_time, 0,
INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async_store,
&bfqd->bfq_wr_min_inter_arr_async, 0, INT_MAX, 1);
STORE_FUNCTION(bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate_store, &bfqd->bfq_wr_max_softrt_rate, 0,
INT_MAX, 0);
#undef STORE_FUNCTION
/* do nothing for the moment */
static ssize_t bfq_weights_store(struct elevator_queue *e,
const char *page, size_t count)
{
return count;
}
static inline unsigned long bfq_estimated_max_budget(struct bfq_data *bfqd)
{
u64 timeout = jiffies_to_msecs(bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_SYNC]);
if (bfqd->peak_rate_samples >= BFQ_PEAK_RATE_SAMPLES)
return bfq_calc_max_budget(bfqd->peak_rate, timeout);
else
return bfq_default_max_budget;
}
static ssize_t bfq_max_budget_store(struct elevator_queue *e,
const char *page, size_t count)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
unsigned long uninitialized_var(__data);
int ret = bfq_var_store(&__data, (page), count);
if (__data == 0)
bfqd->bfq_max_budget = bfq_estimated_max_budget(bfqd);
else {
if (__data > INT_MAX)
__data = INT_MAX;
bfqd->bfq_max_budget = __data;
}
bfqd->bfq_user_max_budget = __data;
return ret;
}
static ssize_t bfq_timeout_sync_store(struct elevator_queue *e,
const char *page, size_t count)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
unsigned long uninitialized_var(__data);
int ret = bfq_var_store(&__data, (page), count);
if (__data < 1)
__data = 1;
else if (__data > INT_MAX)
__data = INT_MAX;
bfqd->bfq_timeout[BLK_RW_SYNC] = msecs_to_jiffies(__data);
if (bfqd->bfq_user_max_budget == 0)
bfqd->bfq_max_budget = bfq_estimated_max_budget(bfqd);
return ret;
}
static ssize_t bfq_low_latency_store(struct elevator_queue *e,
const char *page, size_t count)
{
struct bfq_data *bfqd = e->elevator_data;
unsigned long uninitialized_var(__data);
int ret = bfq_var_store(&__data, (page), count);
if (__data > 1)
__data = 1;
if (__data == 0 && bfqd->low_latency != 0)
bfq_end_wr(bfqd);
bfqd->low_latency = __data;
return ret;
}
#define BFQ_ATTR(name) \
__ATTR(name, S_IRUGO|S_IWUSR, bfq_##name##_show, bfq_##name##_store)
static struct elv_fs_entry bfq_attrs[] = {
BFQ_ATTR(fifo_expire_sync),
BFQ_ATTR(fifo_expire_async),
BFQ_ATTR(back_seek_max),
BFQ_ATTR(back_seek_penalty),
BFQ_ATTR(slice_idle),
BFQ_ATTR(max_budget),
BFQ_ATTR(max_budget_async_rq),
BFQ_ATTR(timeout_sync),
BFQ_ATTR(timeout_async),
BFQ_ATTR(low_latency),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_coeff),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_max_time),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_rt_max_time),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_min_idle_time),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_min_inter_arr_async),
BFQ_ATTR(wr_max_softrt_rate),
BFQ_ATTR(weights),
__ATTR_NULL
};
static struct elevator_type iosched_bfq = {
.ops = {
.elevator_merge_fn = bfq_merge,
.elevator_merged_fn = bfq_merged_request,
.elevator_merge_req_fn = bfq_merged_requests,
.elevator_allow_merge_fn = bfq_allow_merge,
.elevator_dispatch_fn = bfq_dispatch_requests,
.elevator_add_req_fn = bfq_insert_request,
.elevator_activate_req_fn = bfq_activate_request,
.elevator_deactivate_req_fn = bfq_deactivate_request,
.elevator_completed_req_fn = bfq_completed_request,
.elevator_former_req_fn = elv_rb_former_request,
.elevator_latter_req_fn = elv_rb_latter_request,
.elevator_init_icq_fn = bfq_init_icq,
.elevator_exit_icq_fn = bfq_exit_icq,
.elevator_set_req_fn = bfq_set_request,
.elevator_put_req_fn = bfq_put_request,
.elevator_may_queue_fn = bfq_may_queue,
.elevator_init_fn = bfq_init_queue,
.elevator_exit_fn = bfq_exit_queue,
},
.icq_size = sizeof(struct bfq_io_cq),
.icq_align = __alignof__(struct bfq_io_cq),
.elevator_attrs = bfq_attrs,
.elevator_name = "bfq",
.elevator_owner = THIS_MODULE,
};
static int __init bfq_init(void)
{
/*
* Can be 0 on HZ < 1000 setups.
*/
if (bfq_slice_idle == 0)
bfq_slice_idle = 1;
if (bfq_timeout_async == 0)
bfq_timeout_async = 1;
if (bfq_slab_setup())
return -ENOMEM;
/*
* Times to load large popular applications for the typical systems
* installed on the reference devices (see the comments before the
* definitions of the two arrays).
*/
T_slow[0] = msecs_to_jiffies(2600);
T_slow[1] = msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
T_fast[0] = msecs_to_jiffies(5500);
T_fast[1] = msecs_to_jiffies(2000);
/*
* Thresholds that determine the switch between speed classes (see
* the comments before the definition of the array).
*/
device_speed_thresh[0] = (R_fast[0] + R_slow[0]) / 2;
device_speed_thresh[1] = (R_fast[1] + R_slow[1]) / 2;
elv_register(&iosched_bfq);
pr_info("BFQ I/O-scheduler: v7r8");
return 0;
}
static void __exit bfq_exit(void)
{
elv_unregister(&iosched_bfq);
bfq_slab_kill();
}
module_init(bfq_init);
module_exit(bfq_exit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Fabio Checconi, Paolo Valente");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Neuropathy Solution system was developed by Doctor Randall Labrum. That's a specialist within the overall health industry and also a retired medical professional. He is another past affected person with neuropathy illness. He is accustomed to enduring plenty of pain from neuropathy for example pins and needles, prickling discomfort, tingling in the area surrounding the seriously affected neural system, abrupt aches and pains, razor-sharp or perhaps eliminating discomfort within the neural system. As a result of that, the writer reviewed as well as produce the Neuropathy Solution Plan that's not simply quick plan however also effective.
Neuropathy Solution regarded as an innovative plan for each of the signs and symptoms of neuropathy illness. It could assist individuals of neuropathy to get rid of every one of the symptoms of the situation like prickling, prickling experience, pins and needles from the area surrounding the seriously affected neural system, unexpected aches, well-defined and even eliminating experience within the neural system. Doctor Randall Labrum feels that you will eliminate each of the signs of neuropathy as well as eliminate this hazardous illness entirely.
Nerve pain, generally known as neuropathic pain in healthcare conditions, is completely different from so-named 'normal' pain. It is frequently immune to the standard pain relievers however methods offered. Go through on for important details regarding nerve pain remedy.
"Typical" pain is named 'nociceptive pain.' It is essential to understand the visible difference amongst nociceptive as well as neuropathic pain to know their individual treatment options. The nociceptive kind may come from bruises, protrusions, bone injuries, sprains, swelling (e.g., from joint disease or perhaps disease), obstructions and so on. Nociceptive pain will improve as soon as the tissue harm becomes much better (apart from within the situation including rheumatoid arthritis). It is likely to react properly to remedy with opioids that are referred to as 'narcotic' pain relievers, for example, morphine, oxycodone etc.
This stands out as the 50 web page transcript from the seminar that he offered as well as things that you may find it right here will guide you get the most effective of all things that you need. The Healthcare doctor is additionally elegant sufficient to offer you suggestions regarding the things which you must think about searching up.
This is certainly one more small Pdf file electronic book which will give you the most effective of what you need to become searching for to make certain that your diabetes mellitus mends minus the extreme must utilize the prescription drugs which simply face masking the issues.
The healthcare doctor who created The Peripheral Neuropathy Solution, Doctor Randall Labrum, is true above his healthcare coaching and also encounter to this particular situation. | {
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Sanchez may miss season start….
Arsene Wenger has confirmed it has been agreed with Chile that Sanchez will not join up with La Roja's squad for the Copa America until after the Wembley final later this month. That competition runs from June 11 to July 4 and FIFA regulations state that clubs have to release players for international tournaments 14 days prior to the start date, a ruling which could impact on players involved in the Champions League final, which takes place on June 6. While Arsenal appear to have brokered an agreement with the Chile Football Federation to delay Sanchez's departure to his homeland, Wenger accepts should La Roja progress through the championships which culminate at the Estadio Nacional in Santiago, then there would be little option but to give one of their star men some extra recovery time ahead of the new domestic campaign which kicks off on August 8. "They (Chile) could call him up. We got an agreement they won't call him. Anyway I am sure he would not go (before the FA Cup final)," said Wenger. Arsenal allowed World Cup winners Lukas Podolski, Per Mertesacker and Mesut Ozil an extended break following Germany's success in Brazil last summer. Other players such as defender Laurent Koscielny and goalkeeper David Ospina returned from the World Cup carrying injuries which limited their availability for the first few weeks, during which Arsenal struggled to produce consistent results. Asked what would happen should Chile progress through to the latter stages of the 2015 Copa America, Wenger replied: "That is not good news (for Arsenal) because they (Chile) finish very late and if they go very far, he will miss the start of the season."
← Aurier makes PSG switch permanent….
Mayweather vs Pacquiao: Boxing Legends make predictions…. → | {
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Sky Brown: "I never get intimidated by my age or size."
We travel to Buenos Aires to challenge a very special gold medallist and recreate the shoes of an Olympic legend.
Norwegian Curling team - Who wears the pants? | {
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The project Developing and Evaluating Skills for Creativity and Innovation (DESCI) promotes alternating training paths based on the Living Lab approach, adopting participatory design methodologies, connecting School, Enterprise, Research and Territory. DESCI aims to strengthen the links between educational systems and the world of work, relating training programmes to the cultural, social and economic development of the territory.
In 2015, in Italy came in to force the L.107/2015 "La Buona Scuola" that makes the alternating training mandatory for all students attending the last two years of the secondary school. In this framework, DESCI represents an opportunity to reduce the existing mismatch and strengthen the links between education and the world of work, enabling the school to become a co-working space, an innovation laboratory for the local community, by which students, also guided by researchers and company tutors, can develop innovative ideas and products that will be socially, ecologically and economically sustainable. | {
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Who holds the record for most interceptions in a Super Bowl?
Rod Martin (linebacker) intercepted 3 passes for the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XV.
Q: Who holds the record for most interceptions in a Super Bowl?
Which quarterback holds the record for most interceptions thrown in a Super Bowl game?
Rich Gannon of the Oakland Raiders threw 5 interceptions in Super Bowl XXXVII versus the Tamp Bay BUccaneers
Which quarterback holds the record for most interceptions thrown in a Super Bowl?
Through Super Bowl XLIV, the QB with the most interceptions in a Super Bowl is Rich Gannon of the Oakland Raiders who threw 5 INTs in Super Bowl XXXVII against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Three of those interceptions were returned for touchdowns.
What player holds the record for the most interceptions in a Super Bowl game?
Oakland Raiders linebacker Rod Martin intercepted three Philadelphia Eagles passes in Super Bowl XV.
What QB has most interceptions in a Super Bowl?
Through Super Bowl XLII, the Super Bowl record for most interceptions thrown in a game is 5 by Rich Gannon of the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XXXVII against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. The Bucs returned three of the interceptions for TDs in a 48-21 victory.
What player holds the record for most interceptions in a Super Bowl?
Rod Martin of the Oakland Raiders intercepted three passes in Super Bowl XV on January 25, 1981, when the Raiders defeated the Philadelphia Eagles, 27-10. Martin also is tied with Chuck Howley of the Dallas Cowboys for most career Super Bowl interceptions with three.
Who was the quarterback to set a record and throw 5 interceptions in a Super Bowl?
Rich Gannon of the Oakland Raiders in Super Bowl XXXVII against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Three of the interceptions were returned for touchdowns.
What player holds the record for most interceptions in a Super Bowl game?
What player holds the record for most interceptions thrown in a Super Bowl?
Rich Gannon of the Oakland Raiders with 5 in Super Bowl XXXVII against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers ... 3 were returned for TDs in the Bucs 48-21 win.
Who holds the record in a Super Bowl for fumbles?
roger stabauch
Who holds the super bowl record winnings?
What Super Bowl were no interceptions thrown?
As of Super Bowl XLII, there have been two Super Bowls without interceptions ... Super Bowl XXV between the Giants and Bills and Super Bowl XXXIV between the Rams and Titans.
Who threw most interceptions in super bowl game?
Rich Gannon threw 5 interceptions in the 2002 Super bowl. He was on the Raiders.
Which team holds the record for the most penalties in one Super Bowl?
As of Super Bowl XLII, the record for penalties in a Super Bowl is 12 and is held by the Dallas Cowboys in Super Bowl XII and the Carolina Panthers in Super Bowl XXXVIII.
What Super Bowl NFL quarterback has thrown the most total interceptions in the Super Bowl?
Through Super Bowl XLIII, the QB with the most career Super Bowl interceptions is John Elway of the Denver Broncos with 8.
Which player holds the record for the most rushing yards in a single super bowl?
Timmy Smith holds that record from when he ran for 204 yards with the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XXII.
What player holds the record for super bowl wins?
charles haley
Which city holds the Super Bowl attendance record?
How many interceptions did Ben Roethlisberger throw in Super Bowl XLV?
Ben Roethlisberger threw two interceptions in Super Bowl XLV (45).
Who has thrown the most interceptions in Super Bowl history?
John Elway of the Denver Broncos, in 5 Super Bowl games has thrown 8 interceptions.
Who holds the Super Bowl record for the most rushing touchdowns on all Super Bowls?
Emmitt Smith of the Dallas Cowboys holds the career Super Bowl rushing TDs record with 5 ... 1 in Super Bowl XXVII and 2 each in Super Bowls XXVIII and XXX.
Who holds the record for most pass receptions in the Super Bowl?
Jerry Rice holds the career record for Super Bowl receptions with 33. He played in a total of four Super Bowls as a member of both the 49ers and Raiders.
Most interceptions in super bowl?
rich Gannon
Who is the only player with 3 interceptions in a super bowl game?
THe player with 3 interceptions in a super bowl game is easily Rod Martin, a DB for the Oakland Raiders when they beat the Eagles in Super Bowl XV.
What team holds the record for the Super Bowl won?
Pittsburgh Steelers - 6 | {
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The following comments are for "An Unfolding Manner"
Steve Jobs. May he resist in peace, alongside of his obvious mentor, PT Barnum, who also believed that there is a sucker born every minute.
Seems today, there is also a shyster born every minute. Begin with a iPod case that costs all of a dime to manufacture, and people line up to purchase it for $49.98 with 12% off on Tuesdays.
Pathetic, but now maybe Apple can really do something worth buying.
Witty. Intelligent. Whimsical. Fun. Good work! | {
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Usually the court can take an extended period before a ruling is made therefore the defendant has the right to ask the court to release them on bail. The court sets a huge bail amount to ensure that a person complies with appearing on the court on all the future dates. The main role of a bail bond agent is to present the bail amount on behalf the clients. Such like any other service the bail bond agent's clients are supposed to pay a certain amount as fee. If the client of a bail bond agent runs away, the firm will pay the bail amount to the court. Hence clients are required to pay a fee. Below is why you should consider hiring the best bail bond, agent.
The bails bond agent helps clients to overcome the financial struggle of having to raise the full amount of the bail. Given no one plans to be arrested means that it is very likely the defendant has no idea on how to get the bail amount. Therefore there is the risk of a person staying in jail for the duration of the case. Most likely you are more productive outside jail hence the need to consider getting the services of a bail bond agent.
Bails bond agents are also professionals at their work meaning they will maintain confidentiality during this process. Let say you borrow the bail money from a work colleague you are not sure whether they will not tell other people that you were arrested. The reason why you need to keep you case proceeding away from the public is that some people are likely to think that you are guilty even the court has not presented its verdict. Confidentiality is, therefore, a very important thing that is achieved by getting the services of professional bail bond agents.
The prosecution team may use your ability to raise the bail amount by yourself as the basis to conduct a financial investigation. Given that the bail amount is usually very tremendous it may raise suspicious on how you were able to raise the money on your own. You may be therefore be ordered to submit your bank statements and other confidential personal financial reports for investigations. This can be stressful considering that you already have another case facing you. By hiring a bail bond agent, you can minimize this risk and able to concentrate on just one case.
Many people submitting bail money by themselves end up using a very long time. By hiring a bail bond agent, you can expedite the process of getting released. | {
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Home Reviews Tecno Camon 11 Review, Specs & Price in Nigeria
Tecno Camon 11 Review, Specs & Price in Nigeria
Steve Cornell
For some reason we do not understand, the prices of a lot of smartphones have dropped, and we feel now is the time, for anyone who has been planing on getting a new phone. But knowing that many people would not know what products would be great for them, we decided to write about smart phones we think are worthwhile of taking into consideration, and the Tecno Camon 11 happens to be one of them. The Tecno Camon 11 is a product released in September of 2018, and we still consider it a product that deserves being a part of this article.
Appearance and Display
The appearance of the Tecno Camon 11 is one of the greatest selling point of the phone. This device has got a pretty cool design, and we doubt you would be able to resist it. The device was released in November 2018, but it still ranks as one of Tecno most lovely phones. With this product available in bordeaux red, aqua blue, and midnight black, colour should not be a problem for anyone. We find the Camon 11 to be a product that measures 156.5 x 76 x 5.6 mm (6.16 x 2.99 x 0.22 inch).
In the aspect of display, we would like to give the Tecno Camon 11 a 4-star rating. The display of the phone is an in-plane liquid crystal display which measures about 6.20 inches. We found this 6.20-inch display to have a resolution of 720 x 1,500 pixels, leaving the smartphone with a pixel density of about 268 pixels. Also, the display causes the phone to have a screen-to-body ratio of about 81.3 percent. As regards the protection of the phone LCD, it has the protection of a NEG display protector.
Not all builds of the Tecno Camon 11 are powered by the same set of chipset and GPUs. A build of the phone can either come powered by the MediaTek MT6739 chipset or the MediaTek MT6761 Helio A22 chipset. The MediaTek MT6739 is a 28 nm chipset which has got a total of four cores, and each of these item's four cores can be clocked at 1.50 GHz. For anyone who is not necessarily interested in playing heavy games with their phone, the MediaTek MT6739 is good enough to serve them excellently.
Just like the MediaTek MT6739, the MediaTek MT6761 Helio A22 is also a quad-core chipset, but this is a 12 nm chipset. In addition, it cores can be clocked at 2.00 GHz, not the 1.50 GHz of the MediaTek MT6739. Also, while the MediaTek MT6739 has got the support of the PowerVR GE8100 GPU, the MediaTek MT6761 Helio A22 has got the support of the PowerVR GE8320 GPU.
Builds of the Tecno Camon C11 can also come with RAM of different capacities. We have builds of the smartphone which operate with 3 GB of RAM. We have also have builds of the device that come with 4 GB RAM. While a 3 GB RAM build would be enough for most people, we would have people who need a build having 4 GB of RAM.
OS and Storage
Just like almost every other Tecno smart phone, the Tecno Camon C11 is a device running the HiOS operating system. A lot of people might have never heard of this OS, but we are pretty sure many have seen this OS, as it is the OS powering almost all Tecno devices. The version of the HiOS Camon 11 runs, is based on the Android 8.1 Oreo operating system.
Builds may not only differ in the aspect of chipset, GPU, and RAM, another aspect in which they may differ, is the aspect of storage. There are two possible storage size a Tecno Camon 11 may have, with the first one being 32 GB and the second one being 64 GB. While the 32 GB of storage would be adequate for some people, we would have so many other people who would find this quite inadequate. For such people, they can get a 64 GB build. However, if a user of any of these builds requires additional storage space, a micro SD card not more than 128 GB can be inserted into the device.
There are a total of three cameras featured by the Tecno Camon 11. We have one selfie camera and two rear cameras. The selfie camera is a 16 MP camera which is pretty enhanced. We have taken pictures with this peripheral, and we can confidently state that you would not be disappointed by the quality of this peripheral. The rear side of the Camon 11, comes with a 2 MP camera and a 13 MP camera. Just as you have probably assumed, this 2 MP camera is only supporting the 13 MP camera.
Phones in the Tecno Camon series are generally known to be dual SIM smart devices, so is the Tecno Camon 11. The Tecno Camon 11 has got two sim slots which can take nano SIM cards. The two SIM cards inserted into the phone can furthermore be placed on 4G networks.
The Camon 11 has got every connectivity technologies you would expect from a product of its kind. The device comes with support for the Wi-Fi technology, and it can also be used as a mobile hotspot. Bluetooth support is also not a thing this device lacks. But being a little elaborate, the device has got the support of the Bluetooth 4.2 technology.
We have a 3,750 mAh battery powering the Tecno Camon C11, and we think that is really cool. With such a powerful battery, a single charge should last the user a full day. Also, the phone comes with a rapid charge technology, making it possible for the device to be fully charged under 2 hours.
Display: 6.20 in-plane switching (IPS) LCD
Chipset: MediaTek MT6761 Helio A22 / MediaTek MT6739
RAM: 3 GB / 4 GB
OS: Android 8.1 Oreo
Storage: 32 GB / 64 GB
Battery: 3,750 mAh battery
Cameras: 16 MP front camera; 2 MP + 13 MP rear cameras
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as well as three new vulnerabilities.
allow an malicious user to run code on your system.
of all previously released patches.
How to install: Run attached file. Choose Yes on displayed dialog box.
How to use: You don't need to do anything after installing this item.
can be found on the Microsoft Technical Support web site.
to respond to any replies.
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Horrifying video appears to show dozens of migrants who have been held in an overcrowded cell without showers for 40 days begging for help
'My stripping days are over!' House Rules' Jamie Durie reveals why he turned down the chance to bare all for The Real Full Monty
By Caleb Taylor For Daily Mail Australia
Published: 23:51 EDT, 16 June 2019 | Updated: 03:09 EDT, 17 June 2019
Before he was a family-friendly TV star, Jamie Durie was just an ordinary stripper.
But after rising to fame as part of the Manpower troupe in the '90s, the celebrity gardener is now keen to distance himself from his raunchy past.
The House Rules judge, 48, told TV Week that his stripping days are behind him and he declined an offer to star in Channel Seven's The Real Full Monty.
'My stripping days are over!' House Rules' Jamie Durie (pictured) has revealed why he turned down the chance to bare all for The Real Full Monty. Pictured during his days with Manpower
'I got asked [to The Real Full Monty] but no thanks,' Jamie said. 'That was 25 years ago - those days are over.'
You did not receive a rose! The Bachelor host Osher Günsberg... 'Thanks for all you do for women's basketball': WNBA star... 'It was just out of the blue': The Voice fan favourite... Bottoms up! Married At First Sight's Tamara Joy flaunts her...
Jamie added that he will instead be appearing on Seven's new show The Real Dirty Dancing, which follows celebrities as they learn routines from the 1987 film.
Jamie previously said that his television career happened 'by accident'.
Rise to fame: Jamie (third from left) performed with stripper troupe Manpower in the '90s
He told TV Week back in May that his live performance background helped him during his early days in front of the camera.
'It was by accident, to be honest,' he said. 'I think my previous background in performance – I spent 10 years on stage and also did some acting work – gave me that ability to perform in front of a crowd.'
Jamie started his showbusiness career in the stripper troupe Manpower in the '90s.
Sorry, ladies! 'I got asked [to The Real Full Monty] but no thanks,' Jamie told TV Week on Monday. 'That was 25 years ago - those days are over'
Prior to his television fame, he travelled the world with the adult entertainment group for seven years.
The horticulturalist recently shared his thoughts on getting back together with the group, who were known for their provocative dancing.
'No,' he told Stellar magazine in April. 'But I will say I had the time of my life; it was an experience I'll never forget.'
Relevant experience: In May, Jamie said that his live performance background helped him during his early days in television
House Rules' Jamie Durie says TV career began "by accident" | TV WEEK
TV WEEK, Logies 2018 | TV WEEK
House Rules' Jamie Durie on why he will NEVER work as a stripper again
'You simply cannot use that kind of language': Boris blasts Trump's call for ethnic minority congresswomen... | {
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The Athletics Integrity Unit (AIU) has welcomed the decision of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) to sanction 12 Russian athletes in connection with the findings of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-commissioned reports by Professor Richard H. McLaren and the related Evidentiary Disclosure Package (EDP).
"The AIU is in contact with WADA and is keeping a close eye on developments. We will wait for more information concerning the practical aspects of the sharing of the athletics- specific data from WADA and decide on the need for any further re-analysis or investigation that may be required in order to pursue more cases," he added.
The data is crucial to build strong cases against cheats and exonerate other athletes suspected of having participated in widespread doping in Russia.
The AIU will publish further detail regarding the decisions and sanctions in due course, once the athletes have exercised their right to comment on any editorial changes in the decisions. These First Instance CAS decisions, which were adjudicated by Sole Arbitrators, are subject to appeal to a three-person Panel of the CAS Appeals Division. | {
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A couple of days ago I said that it was time that Steve Ballmer step and take a swing... at just about anything. Today he was the keynote at the Microsoft Worldwide Partner conference in Washington DC.
Thank you, Thank you, Thank you - to partners (9,500 in attendance) for taking Azure (cloud services) from 0 to 10,000 paying customers in the last 12 months.
Cloud - A rework of the UW Speech from February - getting IT savings reinvested in services is both an opportunity and responsibility -- big emphasis on enterprise.
Cloud - can do things that could not be done anywhere else (natural language, search...again focus on enterprise).
Cloud - Better social and professional interactions (Sharepoint is the answer to Salesforce.com's chatter); Dynamics CRM online.
Cloud - Server advances drive the cloud. Managing scale is different. Microsoft knows scale through windows update, Bing, Live, Hotmail.
Cloud - Rich Client instead of thin client. Smart cloud and smart/rich clients (not thin) - HTML5 is supported by MS. Cloud enabled Kinect (Natal).
Cloud - Windows 7 Slates and Windows 7 Phones - this is on to the consumer, uses language like "you need to see" and is different from the more concrete statements in the earlier points.
We are ALL IN together. You want to know if you can bet on Microsoft? If you want to help people be more productive -- you need to bet on Microsoft. Microsoft Enterprise IT and IT management. If you don't want to move to the cloud then we are not your folks.
My take: He delivered on the enterprise, promised on the consumer. Since it was an enterprise audience I suppose that works. The slate promise was really the only new product announcement, but new product announcements were not what was needed. There was not much encoded partner messaging -- and I think that is a good thing. Microsoft has so much to offer the enterprise customer -- it is nice to see the focus on that and a minimum of other distractions. | {
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Law change sees teenage Samoan take shooting gold at Pacific Games
Samoa's 19-year-old shooter has won gold at Samoa 2019 XVI Pacific Games – a feat only legally possible because of a recent law change.
The country's parliament amended firearms legislation in the run-up to the Games to allow people aged under 21 to operate a firearm – but only with permission of the police minister to participate in games.
The team's Franco Junior Caffarelli, 19, proved how worthwhile the law change was for the host nation.
He had to go to a shoot-off in the double-barrel event at Tafaigata Shooting Range with Tahiti's Tuanua Degage after a tie. Cafferelli was the first to reach 100 points, earning him the gold, with Degage having to settle for silver.
New Caledonia shoot their way to gold again
Pacific Games record set on first day of shooting
Franco Caffarelli (C) with his father Francis (L) and team member and uncle Nicholas. (Credit: Mariasole Caffarelli/Pacific Games News Service)
Caffarelli was pleased with his podium finish: "It was good. I mean, everybody else was good. I was confident and tried to keep my cool, you know, not to mess up or make my anxiety take the better of me. It's a big deal winning this gold medal. It's going to be dedicated to our double barrel discipline. And we have two more double barrel discipline tomorrow which is single and point score. I've won today's double barrel event."
The Samoan shooting team, which includes Caffarelli's father Francis, embraced their youngest member, acknowledging his efforts.
Franco Caffarelli thanked his supporters, "my family especially, my friends outside and everybody here as well at shooting team as well." And he had words of encouragement for young people to get into shooting: "Don't skip school. Train hard and passionately."
Silver medalist Degage was pleased with his result, despite shooting at the unfamiliar range. "I was very happy because the team were shooting very well. It's our first time also in Samoa, so we were a bit afraid, that's why we came for two weeks and we trained and practised for one week before the event. Each range is different."
Degage acknowledged Caffarelli's skill at a young age. "Franco is very good. It's not easy to find young people who want to do shooting, but we have to push hard to make this a sport known by the youngest."
Norfolk Island shooter Brancker South, 17, was another competitor to benefit from the law change.
Finishing 11th, he said he was happy with his result.
"I've been to a few [competitions] where the younger shooters are the best in the world because they've got the good reflexes and the good eyes. I've been shooting for six years, since I was 12, so I've got more experience from the guys of our team."
He said his youth was not a hindrance and felt the event was "definitely not intimidating".
"Everyone's friendly and it's a great sport. So, if anything it's an advantage to be younger."
In the team event for double barrel, Samoa won silver on day three of competition, scoring 295, just behind Tahiti with 298. New Caledonia took bronze with 290.
Fiji's Pacific Games 2015 gold medalist Glen Kabel won bronze in the double-barrel after a shoot-off with two Tahitian shooters. | {
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If you want a quick, easy, and cheap way to bring in more calls that will result into more jobs and ultimately more money then I've got the trick for you.
You see people are inherently lazy and they will find the path of least resistance. And when they discover such a path they will take advantage of it.
What if I showed you how to create this path of least resistance that leads people to calling you for your plumbing services?
Well I called a tree service company to come out to get rid of the tree and clean up the mess.
They did the job and left.
After they left I was thinking how effective it would've been if they did one small thing.
If they did this one marketing move they would have been most likely several more jobs similar to the one they just finished for me.
Cindy Kam and Elizabeth Zechmeister, political scientists, did an experiment where they created a fictitious political candidate, "Ben Griffin", for an experiment.
They posted political yard signs though out the town for the fictitious Ben Griffin.
Three days after the signs were posted a local school teacher sent out a survey asking the participant who they supported, listing five actual candidates and two fictitious ones, including Ben Griffin.
Respondents listed their top three choices for the post and nearly 25 percent of those who had driven by the Ben Griffin sign put him in their top three, which was 10-percent higher than the control group.
So what this experiment proved was, not only do yard signs increase name recognition, but they also translate directly into votes in low-information races.
If the tree company had left a $2 yard sign in my yard after the job was done.
All my neighbors that could possibly needed the same thing done, because they may have the same or similar situation as me.
If I allowed them to leave a sign in my yard then I obviously had to have been happy with their work. This act of leaving their sign in my yard acts as a testimonial from me about their work.
Remember people are lazy and if you can help cut out some of the work of them finding another plumber you will be the one rewarded.
Now go ahead and make an order of some plumbing yard signs with your plumbing company name and phone number. | {
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Fishing along the lower Kings river provides many challenges and opportunities to local anglers.[memberonly]Whether you like to go out on a boat, wade into the water, or fish from the banks of the river, the Lower Kings River's got you covered.
Avocado lake is a fish shaped lake northeast of Fresno. It has many picnic tables and public restrooms.
The Lower Kings River passes behind Avocado lake. Trout fishing varies depending on the season. This area is stocked with fish. From behind Avocado lake up to Alta Weir, be sure to use barbless hooks and release everything you catch. Game wardens frequently patrol this area.
Above Alta Weir, all the way to the dam (with exceptions noted on the map) you can keep up to five trout.
When the fishing bug hits you mid-winter when the upper Kings is covered in snow, the Lower Kings should be one of the first places you think of to go. Whether you live in Visalia, Fresno or Dinuba, it's a short trip.
Kings River Conservation District has put together a brochure to help local anglers find just the right spot below Pine flat dam. The map seen below is included in that brochure Click here for the complete brochure. | {
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« Before I Kill You, Mister Spy Game Review
Rampaging Jotunn Game Review (prepublished version) »
Tradewars: Homeworld Game Review
By Cyrus | June 17, 2016 - 12:35 pm | June 17, 2016 Reviews
For ages 8 and up (publisher suggests 13+)
For 1 or more players
Approximately 30 minutes to complete
Active Listening & Communication
Risk vs. Reward
Child – Moderate
Space is full of greedy people
Gamer Geek approved!
We have mapped the universe and know two things. First, it's vast. Second, it's mostly empty, but not devoid of life. Resources can only be found on certain planets and a race's homeworld is more akin to a lifeboat than a throne. Survival is dependent on how hard you make it for others to kill you.
Tradewars: Homeworld is comprised of 60 Upgrade cards (covering Starships, Crew, Weapons, and Tactics), 3 Scenario cards, 3 Derelict cards, 1 Derelict Reference card, 1 Role Reference card, 1 Deck Screen car, 1 black standard ten-sided die, 2 black standard six-sided dice, 1 blue standard six-sided die, 1 red standard six-sided die, 5 cubes (in the colors yellow, orange, red, blue, and green), and 1 Progress mat. The cards and mat are as thick and as durable as your standard playing card. The artwork is excellent, portraying the different locations and high-tech ships that fly in the far reaches of space.
Blasting Off
Note: In order to play the game, each player needs their own set. A single set cannot be played by anymore than 1 player. We have summarized a 2-player game here.
To set up, first have each player separate their Upgrade cards from the rest of the deck and then organize their Upgrade cards into 4 different piles. Each pile will either represent Crew, Weapons, Tactics, or Starships. Do not mix cards from different game sets.
Second, each player shuffles their Upgrade piles individually and places them in a row in front of them.
Third, each player draw 4 Level 1 Upgrade cards and 4 Level 2 Upgrade cards to create their starting deck. Each player then shuffles their deck, places it face-down, and covers it with their Deck Screen card. This is the player's draw deck for the duration of the game.
Fourth, each player places their Progress mat to one side of their playing area and uses the yellow, orange, and red cubes to mark the zero position on the Treasury track and the blue cube to mark the 18 position for starting Life Points. The Green cube stays in the zero position, as well.
That's it for game set up. Determine who will go first and begin.
Choose Your Adventure
Tradewars: Homeworld uses scenarios to determine how the game is won. Three scenarios are provided. Each are summarized here.
Tradewars: Players must balance the collection of wealth with their need to defend their homeworld.
Spacewars: This scenario is all about survival. Be the last player standing to win.
The Derelict: A single-player scenario that focuses on surviving an assault.
Select the scenario and place the cards to one side. The rest go back in the game box.
Not So Empty Space
Tradewars: Homeworld is played in turns. A player's turn is summarized here.
Step 1: Select Role
The first thing a player does on their turn is select a role they will use. Each of the 10 roles are summarized here.
Chancellor: Can initiate a diplomatic vote to reach an agreement in the game
Treasurer: Discard cards for funds
Admiral: Control multiple starships
Captain: Reconfigure starships
Engineer: Reconfigure weapons
Sergeant: Force all opponents to discard
Private: Force 1 opponent to discard
Smuggler: Force 1 opponent to discard and then the player collects funds
Trader: Draw cards
The scenario will determine which of the 10 roles are more desirable during the game, but each role has its purpose. The challenge for the player is to determine what actions and benefits they need in hopes of moving their agenda forward. Caution should be taken when selecting the role, as it locks the player into certain types of decision making for their entire turn.
Once the player has determined their role, they announce it and continue.
Step 2: Resolve Role
Depending on what role was selected, the player now takes whatever action the role provides. This not only includes an action specific to the role, but bonus card draws and the collecting of funds. Players can also use "Tactic" Upgrade cards during their turn to further their goals.
Step 3: Trade and Discard Cards
If the player likes, they can now trade cards to buy Upgrade cards and discard cards.
Trading is a form of commerce. Cards from the player's hand are "traded" in for their Trade Value. Trade Values range from "1" to "5". The number of points in the value can then be spent to acquire new Upgrade cards. These are used to build and refine the player's deck.
Step 4: Adjust Progress Mat
As the game continues, the player will have need to adjust the cube location on the Progress mat. Adjustments are made whenever necessary and in accordance to card effects or player actions. Wealth, Life Points, and the number of starships the player can build are kept track on the mat.
Starships and Space Lanes
As the game continues, the players will eventually get their hands on some high-tech starships. These can be deployed to the Space Lane, a special play area in front of the players. Starships act as walls, protecting the player's homeworld from invasion. Of course, if a player is attacking a foe who does not have any starships in the Space Lane, the opponent's homeworld is easily dispatched.
Before a starship can be sent into space, it must be configured. Configuring a starship entails attaching 3 Upgrade cards together. These are the "Starship" Upgrade card, the "Crew" Upgrade card, and the "Weapon" Upgrade card. Now the starship is maned, armed, and ready to fly.
Using the three Upgrade cards, the player now has a starship with an Energy Rating (or "capacity"), Crew Rating (or "resistance"), and Weapon Rating (or "firepower").
Banking and Protecting Your Homeworld
"Banking" is the term used when cards are sold to increase the player's Treasury value. The common currency of the galaxy is used to buy upgrades and such. QuickSilver (QS) is a unique measurement of wealth. QS is a rare metal that can easily be shaped to represent any other currency, but at much lower cost.
All of which is beneficial for the player's homeworld. As the player's base of operations, it contains all their wealth and tactical equipment. From here, the player commands their forces, but if it should fall, they have lost. Starships will help protect the player's homeworld, but such resources must also be spent to attack foes. As such, a player will need to balance defense capabilities and offense capabilities to survive.
Combat In Space
Combat is initiated when the player decides to use their starships to attack an opponent's starships or an opponent's unprotected homeworld. Attacking is only possible if the player elects to take the Admiral role for their turn.
Attacks can be done with 1 or more starships and the attacker gets to decide which of the opponent's ships are included in the skirmish.
Initiative is determined by rolling dice. If the attacking player wins the initiative, the battle continues. If not, the opponent is able to escape the fight
If combat does commence, the attacker determines their total firepower and determines if it's higher or equal to the defender's resistance. If so, the enemy ship is destroyed. Counter-attacks are possible, meaning the exchange of laser fire could be coming from both directions. This means starting an attack could end up being a terrible idea, as the would-be target turns their starships and shoots the attacker out of the sky.
Ending the Turn
When the player is done taking all their actions, they draw back up to 5 cards, but only if they have 4 or fewer cards. If their draw deck is exhausted, the discard pile is shuffled and becomes the new draw deck.
The players continue to take turns until the game is won. The victory condition is determined by the scenario selected by the players. Once the objective has been met, the game is over and the winner is announced.
To learn more about Tradewars: Homeworld, visit the game's web page.
Oddly enough, the Child Geeks very much liked the fact that both players had the same cards. According to one Child Geek, "If everyone starts with the same cards, then you know the game is fair." Some of the Child Geeks had difficulty balancing their resources and a few more focused too much on building starships or on specific tasks. It was also apparent that some of the roles in the game were favorites, as several players repeated their use again and again, even when it wasn't optimal to do so. As one Child Geek put it, "This game lets you do whatever you want and right now I want to blow up my opponent's homeworld." So be it. When the games were over, planets nuked, and resources spent, the Child Geeks voted to approve the game.
My son carefully considers his next role in the game…
The Parent Geeks are always up for a deck-building game and started enjoying Tradewars: Homeworld almost immediately. As one Parent Geek put it, "The game is easy to learn, but I really like how much thought you can put into it. If I wanted to, I could spend a lot more time thinking about my turn than what many would like." The game does seem a bit bottomless at times when it comes to its depth of play. This is mostly due to the many combinations with cards in hand and roles to select. Another Parent Geek said, "It's not about fighting and it's not about power. This is a game about being aware and thinking things through, about being flexible and knowing where opportunities can be found." Which sounds pretty dramatic, but in this case, the Parent Geek is right. This is a game that can take 100% of your brain. After all the games were over, the Parent Geeks voted to approve Tradewars: Homeworld.
The Gamer Geeks quickly caught on to the subtle game play that was not immediately visible. Caught on and loved it. According to one Gamer Geek, "I don't say this often, but I think this game is genius. The designer has done a great job of staging the game play and options so as to allow players to do a great deal." Many Gamer Geeks said the game was self-empowering, meaning it let the Gamer Geeks play the game they wanted to. The deck-building aspect was not seen as anything special, but the use of that mechanic with the rest of the game made everything smooth. As one Gamer Geek put it, "To create a game like this, you have to depend on the players to not give up or want their hand held. I like games that challenge you and won't give up its secrets just because you think it's difficult." When the galaxy was won, the Gamer Geeks declare Tradewars: Homeworld a game they would gladly play again.
At first blush, Tradewars: Homeworld appears to be yet another deck-building game. Which isn't bad, if you enjoy deck-building games, but being just one more head in the crowd does little to draw interest. All it takes is one game and you quickly realize that Tradewars: Homeworld is anything but "your typical game". There's a lot going on right from the start that is cleverly backed into the game's standard game play. For example, the selection of roles is going to cause serious game players a lot of stress. It's not simply enough to collect the right cards, but players must match the best role to their current hand to attain their goals. There's more than just a little finesse going on here, as a clever player can completely reduce the luck factor to zero. You just have to think it through.
The building of ships is also clever, allowing players to customize and take the battle to their opponents in a way that is very empowering. It's not just about the ship. The player must pick the crew and the weapons they us. A player will feel invested, since each ship is a serious hit to their deck of cards. And yet, if the player is not able to build the ship they want, simply having enough ship cards keeps the player in the game, populating the Space Lane with spaceships that might not be optimal, but most certainly do the trick.
Finally, tactics brings it all together. When you add in the roles, the cards in the player's hand, the cards to be collected, the use of resources, and then the tactics, you have essentially created the perfect weapon. More than once in the game, I felt that the true goal was to complete the "perfect turn", where everything worked on multiple levels and provided a very positive return on my mental investment. Totally possible, but damn hard to get.
I am very pleased with Tradewars: Homeworld. At the game's core are simple rules that make it easy to teach and easy to get to the table. A few turns in and the players will learn as they go, having enough chances to experiment and determine how best to proceed. This game has a tremendous amount of patience, but time is short. Depending on the scenario, the road to victory could be a fast Space Lane or a slow voyage through the cosmos. Either way, players will be swept up by it and enjoy the ride. Do play Tradewars: Homeworld when time allows.
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Tagged Card Games, Child Geek Approved, Father Geek Approved, Gamer Geek Approved, Parent Geek Approved, Science Fiction Games, Solitaire Games. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to Tradewars: Homeworld Game Review
Patrick Calahan says:
Thanks for the review. Sounds interesting. Any clues about how to learn more or get a copy?
There's no entry at boardgamegeek.com and really not much of any information available on the web.
Greetings, Patrick, and thanks for taking the time to leave a comment.
I suggest you following the game's Facebook page. The missing logistical and financial components you require should be provided soon. | {
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You are at:Home»National»PM hails Article 370 revocation as 'historic'
PM hails Article 370 revocation as 'historic'
By VAS Inc on August 9, 2019 National
NEW DELHI, Aug 8 (PTI):Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday strongly defended his government's decision to revoke Article 370 in Jammu and Kashmir, saying the provision has not given anything except separatism, corruption and family rule to the state, and Pakistan has used it as a tool to spread terrorism.
In his televised address to the nation, Modi hailed his government's decision to revoke the Article as "historic" and said a new era has begun in Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh.
"The dream of Shyama Prasad Mookerjee, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, Sardar Vallabhai Patel and crores of Indians has now been fulfiled," he said.
Asserting that no one has been able to justify how the Article 370 and Article 35A was benefitting people of the state, the Prime Minister said these provisions did not give anything except separatism, corruption, terrorism and family rule.
Attacking Pakistan, which has termed India's move as "unilateral and illegal" and strongly protested by downgrading diplomatic ties, Modi said Pakistan used Article 370 as a "tool to spread terrorism".
"In last three decades, over 42,000 people lost their lives," he said, adding "we will rid J&K of terrorism and separatism under new measures."
He also said over 1.5 crore people of J&K were being denied benefits of legislations meant for the entire country.
Spelling out his government's development plans for J&K, he said state government employees including police will soon get benefits on par with employees of other Union Territories and all vacant posts in Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh will be filled, creating employment opportunities.
He also assured people of J&K that they will get opportunity to elect their representatives in a transparent way.
"As J&K will see more and more development. I do not think it will remain Union Territory for long. Ladakh will remain the UT," Modi said.
Earlier this week, the Union government revoked Article 370 to withdraw special status to J&K and bifurcated the region into two UTs –Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh. They also got Parliament nod for it.
Article 370 revocation PM hails Article 370
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Despite protests, CAA will not be withdrawn: Shah | {
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Music at Decatur First: Would you like fries with your theology?
A couple of weeks ago I was in a Lowe's Home Improvement store. I was looking for a specific item, which I thought they had. Alas, they did not. However, while sitting in the store looking on my phone, I discovered that another Lowe's location did in fact have the item I needed. So I called to verify this information. They put me on hold while they went to check the shelves. The hold music was "1000 Miles" by Vanessa Carlton. I started tapping my foot. And then I realized it. The hold music. It was...exactly the same as the music playing in the store I was sitting in. Synchronized to exactly the same moment in the song. No delay whatsoever. I'm not even sure how they did that.
You know me. I started thinking. This song must be playing at this exact moment in every Lowe's in the United States. Every caller on hold. Everyone standing in front of the toilet display trying to decide if they need a round bowl or an elongated bowl. Everyone agonizing over cabinet hinges and window treatments and grill accessories. Everyone who's trying to figure out what kelvin temperature they want for their LED lighting and everyone who's trying to figure out the difference between eggshell and satin finish...and which would look the best in the sunroom they're trying to spruce up before they have guests in for the weekend. They were all listening to the same song at the same time. That's heavy.
Why do you suppose that is? It probably saves costs somehow. But also, and this is even more important than that, it's an attempt to ensure that the customer experience at any given Lowe's is consistent.
To one degree or another church denominations seem to work the same way. Some person or some council says what we're supposed to believe, and everyone in the denomination is supposed to believe whatever they say. The Catholic church has ecumenical councils and the Pope. The Episcopalians have the General Convention. The Methodists have the...the...the (it almost pains me to say it) General Conference. Cue ominous music and thunderclap sound effect.
The General Conference produces the Book of Discipline. This is a book that tells us how Methodists are supposed to be in the world. What do we believe? How do we practice our faith? It's all written right there. Like a Zaxby's manual that tells you how to toss the chicken fingerz correctly or a Wendy's manual that tells you the proper way to mess up someone's order (It has to be on purpose, folks. It's always messed up so you can't figure it out without emptying the whole bag. They've elevated it to an art.) It's all there in black and white.
Except the world doesn't work in black and white. The Discipline exists in a dynamic world. That's why it changes. Slowly, yes, but surely. It is affected by social and cultural norms. To borrow from Paul, it is not only in the world, but to some degree it is of the world. And because it is of the world, it will never quite measure up to what we experience when we earnestly seek to live the life of Christ.
The difference between what the highest level of our Methodist polity dictates and what I experience every day in the local church creates cognitive dissonance for me. What do I believe? Is it all some kind of a sham, what with me peddling one product in Decatur while a very different product is packaged in Portland? What would happen if the big boss came down to my particular corner and didn't like how I was tossing my chicken fingerz?!
I don't know. But I do know this: the gospel call on my life is to love everyone, and I serve a local church in which I can answer that call fully. I can answer that call right alongside someone who disagrees with me...who can also answer the gospel call on his life or her life. Fully. After all, the work of Jesus isn't done at a conference center in some random city every four years. It's done by our hands in our own community every day.
The church as franchise is a helpful metaphor, but only to a certain extent. From the very beginning, variety and diversity were built into Christian congregations (see Paul's letters). So I totally agree with your conclusions. And maybe we can take our Book of Discipline with a grain of salt - like Roman Catholics take the Church's many teachings.
I agree with you completely. I hope and believe that the metaphor does break down because of the inherent diversity from the beginning. And sometimes I wonder if our attempts to codify the faith have the unintended consequence (or the intended consequence) of favoring unity over personal discipleship. | {
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I have been incarcerated for more than forty years now, folks and not many things please me more than interacting with family, friends, and fellow readers and writers. Along with discussions about reading and writing, I welcome intelligent conversation, questions, and comments on other topics as well—human rights, education, music, the criminal justice system, prison, rehabilitation, and the state of the world. Also, if you have any comments or criticisms about my website, positive or otherwise, please send them along. I promise to respond with Grace. | {
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"Underwriting" is the term the FCC uses for on-air announcements that acknowledge public radio's supporters from the business community. Underwriting is an important source of funding for Radio Milwaukee.
While contributions from listeners is a major source of revenue for the station, underwriting support from the business and nonprofit communities is just as important and enables Radio Milwaukee to broadcast programming we could not otherwise provide.
Underwriting on Radio Milwaukee helps support a diversity of music not heard anywhere else. At the same time, your business gains a significant marketing opportunity. Radio Milwaukee delivers a cost effective, highly targeted audience. Underwriting provides extended marketing value, allows you to capture maximum mindshare and strengthens your brand within the community of Radio Milwaukee listeners. | {
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The silent wife : a novel / Karin Slaughter.
Slaughter, Karin, 1971- (author.).
0 of 0 copies available at Silver Lake Branch Library.
0 of 1 copy available at Lake County Main Library - Lakeview. (Show preferred library)
Investigating the killing of a prisoner during a riot inside a state penitentiary, GBI investigator Will Trent is confronted with disturbing information. One of the inmates claims that he is innocent of a brutal attack for which he has always been the prime suspect. The man insists that he was framed by a corrupt law enforcement team led by Jeffrey Tolliver and that the real culprit is still out there--a serial killer who has systematically been preying on women across the state for years. If Will reopens the investigation and implicates the dead police officer with a hero's reputation of wrongdoing, the opportunistic convict is willing to provide the information GBI needs about the riot murder. Only days ago, another young woman was viciously murdered in a state park in northern Georgia. Is it a fluke, or could there be a serial killer on the loose? As Will Trent digs into both crimes it becomes clear that he must solve the cold case in order to find the answer. Yet nearly a decade has passed--time for memories to fade, witnesses to vanish, evidence to disappear, and lies to become truth. But Will can't crack either mystery without the help of the one person he doesn't want involved: his girlfriend and Jeffrey Tolliver's widow, medical examiner Sara Linton. When the past and present begin to collide, Will realizes that everything he values is at stake . . . -- from book jacket.
Slaughter, Karin, 1971- Will Trent series ; 10.
Lake County Main Library - Lakeview FIC SLAUGHTER (Text) 37620000952178 New Adult Book System_Only_3months 09/10/2020 Checked out 02/07/2021
Edition: First U.S. edition.
Publisher: New York, New York : William Morrow, an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers, [2020]
Series information from Fantastic Fiction.
Subject: Trent, Will (Fictitious character) > Fiction.
Linton, Sara (Fictitious character) > Fiction.
Medical examiners (Law) > Georgia > Atlanta > Fiction.
Murder > Investigation > Fiction.
Atlanta (Ga.) > Fiction.
Genre: Detective and mystery fiction. | {
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I have completed the coding for an initial release of the 'Hoksoft Media Manager', which I am making available free of charge (fully functional for non-commercial use) at www.hoksoft.com/MediaManager. If you have trouble managing your photo/media collection, then give it a try. Limited instructions are included on the same page. | {
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'use babel'
import { CompositeDisposable, Disposable } from 'atom'
import AskView from './ask-view'
import ResultView from './result-view'
import { config, execute, isFile, loadJSON, unique } from './utils'
export default {
config: {
notifications: {
default: true,
type: 'boolean',
title: 'Show notifications',
order: 1
},
packageCommands: {
default: true,
type: 'boolean',
title: 'Load package provided commands',
description: 'Make sure you restart Atom.',
order: 2
},
php: {
default: 'php',
type: 'string',
title: 'PHP executable',
order: 3
},
customCommands: {
default: '',
type: 'string',
description: 'Location of a JSON file containing custom commands.',
order: 4
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The Autronic SMC Sequential Engine Management System is our compact 2nd generation engine management system for engine performance upgrades. It is our least complex solution for applications requiring up to 8 channel sequential fuelling. Simple triggering, a low pin count connector and minimum wiring complexity make for rapid low cost installations and easy maintenance. It caters for the requirements of virtually any spark ignition port injected engine that is not equipped with either drive-by-wire throttle or feedback controlled variable camshafts.
Also available with water resistant Billet Aluminium Case for marine applications. | {
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As a woman her work wasn't always recognised. Whilst in Dutch Guyana she drew a spider eating a hummingbird, which was ridiculed as 'a flight of female fancy' until over 200 years later when an English naturalist observed the same phenomenon.
There she produced a series of exquisite drawings and paintings detailing the insect world she saw before her and in so doing revolutionised the study of insects.This print is a collage of her Surinam studies.
Maria Sibylla Merian was born in 1647 into a world where many believed that insects came from "a spontaneous generation of rotting mud". Her obsessive fascination with the natural world led her at the age of 52 to sell 200 of her paintings to finance a trip to Surinam. | {
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The Campaign For DA
Kids Seriously Hurt Trying To Get To Reunion
Messenger story.
Edit: And we had a stabbing!
That American Ninja Warrior Chick Taking You Into The Weekend
Get Me This Dog Who Passes Out When He Finally Sees His Owner!
Take That, Bud!!!!
Letter from Wise County: "Re: Iligal Imirgrants. It is time Americans rise up and demand our politicians inforce laws on iligal imigration."
— Bud Kennedy (@BudKennedy) July 25, 2014
He later clarified that it came from Boyd.
Random Friday Morning Thoughts
Israeli rockets hit a U.N. school in Gaza killing fifteen. Can they not hit the broad side of a barn?
They are building an In-N-Out Burger by the new Costco right off 287 and 35 in north Fort Worth.
Man, the Charlie Strong era at Texas is off to a horrible start with the suspension of two players yesterday for what looks like a horrible sexual assault. (On a lighter note, the typos in the 2014 Media Guide doesn't ooze "discipline".) Edit: Wow. I completely missed these two that were dismissed yesterday. Edit: Three more gone today. Chaos!
I love the sign that says, "Obey All Traffic Signs - State Law". Oh, okay. I wasn't going to until you posted that sign.
Fox and Friends hosted Twisted Sister this morning. Demographics, my friends. Demographics.
There have been some silly prostitution busts in Denton and Cooke counties and some believe that there might have been some embarrassing arrests of high profile residents. Oddly, the Cooke County Sheriff said the prostitution arrests carry no jail time and are "fine only" offenses. That ain't right.
Wow: Two night's ago the Lifetime Channel had scheduled to air a program called Good Grief - "Take a step deep into the heart of Texas with the Johnson Family Mortuary!" That's the mortuary under investigation for abuse of corpse. The show didn't air.
Heard this morning that Tony Romo has only missed one game in the last three years. That surprised the heck out of me. But his collar bone injury was back in 2010.
More reasons to hate the NFL: They suspended Ray Rice for only two games for knocking his girlfriend unconscious And, at 27, WR Sydney Rice has to retire because of concussions.
"Tarrant County Clerk Mary Louise Garcia was cited last month for assault following a domestic disturbance with her husband." Looking further, it was a Class C Assault by Contact which means "offensive touching" without causing pain. Here's a tip: If you ever hear about someone being charged with Class C Assault, be very suspicious about the accusation.
Man, that GIF that BagOfNothing posted is funny.
I finally watched the HBO new documentary Newburgh Four about the FBI's ridiculous tricks to find and entrap "terrorists". It is exactly what I've been preaching for five years. At times, I felt like I had been the director and editor for this must see documentary.
From Dallas Morning News Facebook Page
A photo on the Metro cover in Saturday's paper has a lot of people talking. One letter writer, Richard Elsea of Sachse, shared a common reaction: "As I continued reading Saturday's paper I kept returning to the photo of the protester and her fellow activists. Why did that hate-filled visage resonate so deeply? Seeing angry protesters screaming at someone or about something isn't uncommon. Then I realized how much it reminded me of a 1957 photo from Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. If you squint and let the image blur to a monochrome, you can almost see Elizabeth Eckford walking just to the right of the photo."
If The Guy Had Only Thrown in a "When The Germans Bombed Pearl Harbor" Line
Youtube - Patrick Benson identifies the man being detained as his co-worker Alex. Benson claims the incident began when stadium staff assumed there was underage drinking within their group but says he and his friends are all at least 21 years old.
The video shows the officer allowing Alex to tell his side of the story but when he does not sit down on command, the officer is seen aggressively shoving Alex multiple times. A defiant Alex then demands to be shoved by the officer again and is then handcuffed. "All he had to do is shut up and he would have left," the officer is heard saying. During his detainment, Alex continues to give what was probably meant to be a patriotic speech but seemed more half-thought drunken ramblings.
Benson says he believes Alex was simply escorted out of the stadium without further incident. In the end f the video, another officer can be heard saying Alex was being physically ejected for trespassing because he refused to leave.
I think I'm more annoyed by that drunken "United States of America!" rant than the overly aggressive cop.
And what's that guy writing down in the background? Talk about focus!
Edit with an excerpt from Deadspin which posted this later:
Abuse me again! As a citizen of the United States of America, abuse me again!"
Alex is shoved and placed in cuffs. Alex is now yelling.
"This is an illegal recremendation [reprimandation? recommendation?? reckaimininldjsation???] of an American citizen," Alex cries. "Thank you!"
I Should Be A Detective
(NBC-LA) Authorities are asking for the public's help to help find a man that is suspected of killing a peacock in Rolling Hill Estates, officials said. A witness saw the man stop his silver four-door Mercedes-Benz in the 27000 block of Eastvale Road around 8:20 p.m. on July 9, according to the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Los Angeles said in a statement. The man fired from a pellet gun, hitting a peacock in a driveway.
Mike Ditka has always had a temper, probably drives a Mercedes, and would kill a peacock just for looking at him wrong. Boom!:
Random Face On Fire
Random Thursday Morning Thoughts
The location I saw the car backing up on the 820 freeway over the weekend is about the exact same place where a car took out a huge overhead sign this morning. Photo. If you've ever come up east 820 from I-30, you've seen that sign.
It's been a year since Kidd Kraddick's death and the ratings for his show are, amazingly, up.
I've noticed what I believe to be Decatur's girls' cross country team running the streets of the town around 7:00 a.m.
There was another botched execution last night. This time in Arizona.
Highs will only be in the 80s mid to late next week.
I wonder if this is the Twitter feed for the young girl injured in the wreck southeast of Decatur yesterday.
Jerry Jones said they didn't have formal conditioning tests on the first day of training camp but was encouraged that most of the players did it anyway. Jason Garrett later said that the conditioning test was cancelled because it could give rise to injury in conjunction with practices the next day. He then was asked if he was concerned then that the players did it anyway. He had a deer-in-headlights explanation as he realized he had just painted himself into a corner.
As soon as I heard Garrett speak yesterday, I thought, "We've got to go through another season of listening to him say nothing?" Oh, well, it's a process.
Heard a weird rumor of a local lady dying which may or may not be associated with an infection she obtained after going to the dentist.
Whenever I see one of those "Cash With Car Title" stores I think there's someone inside getting ripped off. And I'm pretty sure I'm right.
I think one of the goofiest retorts is a comment that says something along the lines of, "You wouldn't feel that way if that happened to one of your family members!"
An Algerian airliner with 110 or more on board has crashed this morning in Northern Africa. Been a heck of a season for commercial jets in the Eastern Hemisphere.
WFAA's Joe Trahan tweeted late last night: "Sources tell me former defensive lineman Josh Brent will be released next Thursday." I thought he meant that the Cowboys would cut him, but he was actually talking about being released from rehab after his Intoxication Manslaughter conviction. Makes sense since I guess he's not on the roster to release.
I did my normal jog yesterday but have finally become smart enough to walk a short distance every now and then if the heat and humidity gets too much. Cloud cover helps but not much. I'd rather run when it is in the 30s.
The horrificness of the Fort Worth mortuary which hadn't properly disposed of a few bodies got ratcheted up yesterday when it was revealed that one of the bodies discovered was an infant who had died two years ago.
Guilty . . .
Man posing as fire marshal to avoid $10 cover charge at Grapevine bar gets probation http://t.co/1I8425Zui0 pic.twitter.com/l0yiMqvOMW
— ST Crime Time Blog (@stcrime) July 23, 2014
. . . of being cheap and hanging out at the Glass Cactus.
War Crimes By Whom?
JUST IN: UN Human Rights Council votes to open inquiry into alleged war crimes in Gaza; US votes no - @WilliamsJon pic.twitter.com/gL5v6uFGV7
— ABC News (@ABC) July 23, 2014
Edit: Maybe committed by both Hamas and Israel.
AP Twitter Feed And The Need For A Comma Or Two
And Another - Oregon
And who could have possibly seen that coming? Oh . . .
Random Wednesday Morning Thoughts
Hey, Messenger: Was the "Bob Buckel - Foster Parent" on Fox 4 News yesterday your Bob Buckel?
If you're a middle aged current or former Cowboys fan, the news of the death of Robert Newhouse caused all sorts of flashbacks.
And for some reason it caused me to recall former Cowboy Scott Laidlaw (kind of a spare) who spoke at our high school athletic banquet in Bridgeport and dropped an S Bomb.
I caught a portion of Real Sports last night (like bagofnothing did) and saw the segment on how some golf course, faced with dwindling revenue, are tricking up the sport by installing 15 inch holes. I had heard about that on the radio and thought it was idiotic. Then I watched people play and realized they were having so much fun. And it sped up play by one hour. The concept is that the younger generation isn't willing to spend four hours of frustration on old school golf. Amazingly, Jack Nicklaus wasn't against the crazy innovation.
And they also took a visit to Top Golf. I had no idea that place was so insane.
A former "employee" of Bleacher Report posted a loooooong article on Deadspin entitled "The Top 200 Ways Bleacher Report Screwed Me". I want to read it but there's no way I'm going to. Instead, I scrolled through the comments to try and get a feel for the article. I laughed when one of them read, "Can't you sum this up in a slide show or something?"
Fox 4 had a story last night of some idiots throwing rocks and railroad ties off a bridge onto oncoming traffic. I had someone drop a golf ball size rock onto my windshield over 20 years ago in I-35 in Fort Worth. Scared me to death. It hit the upper left corner and almost went completely through. I'm still not sure if shards of glass didn't screw up my eyesight in my left eye.
"Shards" is an underutilized word.
Is the "immigration crisis" story already fading away? It's like civil war torn Syria that we were about to drop bombs on and then the news suddenly vanishes.
The Sixteen Year Old In The House was denied the right to take a driving test yesterday. It was very confusing because all I could get out of it was "social security card" and "Homeland Security."
I'm kind of worried about Crazy Texas Mommy. She rarely posts on her blog anymore (over there ---->) and her last few seemed a little angry.
I haven't been to the Wise County Reunion in years but it has to be a beating in this heat and humidity, right?
And there were 243 teams in the "washer" tournament last night? When did that end? Dawn?
I only do criminal law and not civil and certainly not federal civil law. With that, the news is reporting that the jury deliberating the Jessie Ventura vs. American Sniper libel lawsuit must be unanimous. Is that right? (I know a Texas civil case can be won on a 10-2 verdict.) But I saw where it is a federal jury of 10 people.
Solar Car Race Going Through Wise County Right Now
This is the University of Texas entry getting cooled off in Alvord. They are going from Austin to to Minnesota.
(Thanks emailer.)
Trouble In Frog Land
Last week:
Earlier today:
DFW: TCU DE Devonte Fields investigated for threatening, attacking ex-girlfriend http://t.co/OQYM6DiVmS pic.twitter.com/vrEZohdgsb
— FOX 4 NEWS (@FOX4) July 22, 2014
Later today:
TCU statement: "Devonte Fields has been separated from the University pending results of an investigation into the allegations against him.'
— Chuck Carlton (@ChuckCarltonDMN) July 22, 2014
EPA Tweets Promotion For Kardashian Game - Later Apologizes
Things keep getting weirder and weirder.
Headline Of The Day
Random Tuesday Morning Thoughts
For years I've been ranting about the FBI/CIA "creating" terrorists by entrapment. Well, it looks like I'm not the only one. HBO debuted a documentary last night called the Newburgh Four about the issue, and Yahoo! News featured this yesterday: "Washington (AFP) - The FBI encouraged and sometimes even paid Muslims to commit terrorist acts during numerous sting operations after the 9/11 attacks, a human rights group said in a report published Monday."
I think we had a pretty bad motorcycle wreck in Rhome this morning.
I jogged yesterday, and I'm not sure I've ever sweated more. So hot. So humid.
I've always wanted to see the Big Bend area of Texas but it is so difficult to get to. I mean, going to Chicago or Denver or New Orleans is a hundred times easier.
I've never seen a Harry Potter or Lord of the Rings movie.
I think I'm the only person who remembers a comedy show called Herman's Head which ran in Fox's early days. I liked it. I may be the only one.
UNT's new law school expected about 350 applications for the inaugural class this Fall — and got more than 600. Sheesh.
The "house explosion" always gets my attention and they had one near Houston last night. It's gone.
I've got Argo recorded, I know I'll like it, but I'm just never in the mood to watch it.
From the Update: "MEMORIAL service for Christopher John Corniel, 23, of Denton is 11 a.m. Saturday at Jones Family Funeral Home." Anyone know the story behind this? I think his mom died a couple of years ago.
I've mentioned this before: That single left turn lane on FM 51 730 under 287 near James Wood's is going to get someone killed. You can have two cars traveling in opposite directions at 40 mph who can legally and simultaneously go into that lane. (Google street view should be here.)
Random DPS Chart
Rick Perry was firing off a lot of numbers today as he announced that he was sending 1,000 National Guard troops to "secure the border." In doing so, he relied upon data by DPS of the crimes committed by illegal aliens.
Check out this chart from the official DPS website which shows crimes by "foreign nationals, regardless of immigration status." Anyone see a problem with this graphic? Green is for "alien" arrests who have prior arrests. Red indicates first time "alien" offenders. Blue is for the "non-alien" arrests. But that's not the problem. See it? Pravda was more honest.
Wrestling Bit Invites Controversy By Mentioning Malaysia Flight
NY Post – A pro wrestling schtick invoked the tragedy of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17, in a lead-balloon bit that even stunned WWE fans, who are used to these outrageous acts. World Wrestling Entertainment grappler Alexander Rusev and his manager Lana, who play comically anti-American Russians, were predictably booed as they stepped into the ring Sunday night in Tampa. Then moments before WWE's "Battleground" bout between Rusev and Jack Swagger, Lana — played by Florida-based actress Catherine Joe Perry — took the mic and told fans in her faux, over-the-top Russian accent: "You blame Russia for these recent current events?" "Tonight we dedicate this match to the most powerful man in the world. Tonight we dedicate this match to the man that makes fools out of all of you Americans," Lana said. "He is my role model. He is my idol, the president of Russia."
I really don't care about the controversy. I'm just jazzed by the accent. We've got us a modern day Brigitte Nielsen.
Random Dennis Prager Rant
I mention this guy from time to time, and I know none of you (except one) has any idea who I am talking about. He's a conservative talk radio host who is the walking definition of psuedo-intellectualism but presents himself in such away that you would think he is one stop away from being the Pope. (If Jewish people had a Pope.)
One of his crazy bullet points concerns how higher education will "indoctrinate" people to liberalism. Just like magic. It's as if he has no faith that someone older than 18 cannot sort through different views and ideas and make a personal decision. Amazingly, he encourages people not to go to college but instead to watch his videos from "Prager University" (which sounds great:"There are no fees, no tuition, books, homework assignments, or grueling midterms here") that he sells online. (To quote The Jerk, "Awwww, it's a profit thing!") Edit * He'll throw up a free one every now and then, and he did so recently on how our welfare system is broken. He calls it the "War on Work."
I watched a couple of minutes of one before I couldn't take the simplicity of it anymore.
He uses this guy as a spokesman (once again, on the issue of poverty.) Angry old white guy in a suit?
And he actually used this as a graphic: A welfare recipient who just happens to be portrayed with an opaque dark figure in front of a flat screen TV next to a bag of money. Idiocracy, indeed.
*Edit: OK, I'm wrong about him charging for the videos. Those silly things are free. I was confused because he actually charges for podcasts of his radio show which isn't the industry norm. I'm stunned he's not trying to make a buck off the videos. (Although he will take a $5,000 donation.) But, again, I was wrong.
Random LeAnn Rimes Post
I used to post about Rimes quite a bit. Not sure where she had been, but she hung out in Miami last weekend. At least she is eating again. Somewhat.
Selfie Weekend
Girl smiling at Auschwitz:
Former Alabama QB's wife on honeymoon:
Random Monday Morning Thoughts
Late Saturday night, I saw a car in my lane backing up on Loop 820 to get to an exit ramp. Mrs. LL saw it before me and almost had a heart attack. We had enough time to react but just by a few seconds. I thought of the The Butterfly Effect.
Ran across Night Shift last night. Still one of the funniest movies ever. "Love brokers!!!!"
"MIAMI – A Florida jury has slammed the R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. with $23.6 billion in punitive damages in a lawsuit filed by the widow of a longtime smoker who died of lung cancer in 1996." Not only is the lawsuit crazy, so are both of the numbers in that sentence.
At least 70 children have died from Israeli missiles. Hey, I appreciate Israel as an ally, but this blind "they can do no wrong" makes no sense.
Mrs. LL is stunned by the cost of some fabric (she's doing some curtain project.) She had a very confused look on her face when she thought she had ordered two "rolls" and then two "yards" showed up in the mail .
I remember the family rushing home from church to watch the moon walk on Sunday evening (or was it Saturday and Vacation Bible School?) 45 years ago, but I don't remember watching the actual event. I may have fell asleep.
A story which you would think would have received more press: "GRAND SALINE – A 79-year-old Methodist minister who died after setting himself on fire on a busy street in this town of about 3,100 residents left behind a suicide letter asking the community to repent for its racism."
The Sixth Grader In The House is at camp this week. There will be 1,000 less questions asked in the house this week.
Speaking of, try to explain the Royal Family and their role in England to the Sixth Grader.
Mrs. LL cleaned out the garage before I could get to it.
Not sure what I think about wisecountywashers.com
I could have sworn I saw Ronald Reagan on a tarmac after the USSR shot down the Korean jet using the term "Evil Empire". I guess I'm wrong about that.
Dang air conditioner tripped the breaker again. Time to call the expert.
I'm completely confused about Colby Lewis' rant about a bunt on Saturday night.
It's hard not to look like you are full of hatred if you are holding up a sign that says, "Illegal kids go home!!!"
The Family Pig had been very tentative on his feet. Now he'll run five feet and buck like a bull out of happiness while he does it. Maybe one of the funniest things I've ever seen.
I've got a buddy who loves the USC Song Girls. And he's not ashamed to admit it.
One of the Sophomore In The House's friends had posted a "postcard" on Facebook asking, somewhat disturbingly, "If there were ten handguns in front of you and only one had a bullet, would you pick one of the ten guns up, point it at yourself, and pull the trigger if you would receive $1 million if the gun did not have the bullet?" Ok, she's a good kid. But when she was over at the house last night we told her that was weird. (Although I will admit we created a game out of ten pieces of paper which degenerated into Deal or No Deal.)
You have to be deranged like me, but if you want to hear two guys from The Ticket spend over an hour telling about their trip to find the Alabama Leprechaun Tree and play audio from the experience. here it is.
I'll watch the Tour de France only to hope to see helicopter views of the landscape.
I bought a ton of home grown tomatoes at a road side stand on Friday. One of life's greatest pleasures.
Wise County On The Web
The Law Office Of Barry Green
Approved Inferior Blogs
Bag Of Nothing
The Hunting Game
That American Ninja Warrior Chick Taking You Into ...
Get Me This Dog Who Passes Out When He Finally See...
If The Guy Had Only Thrown in a "When The Germans ...
EPA Tweets Promotion For Kardashian Game - Later A...
Wrestling Bit Invites Controversy By Mentioning Ma... | {
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At Canvas Host, we treat you with respect, and we'll go to the ends of the Earth to help, no matter what the problem. We are committed to always be patient, professional, and caring in our communications.
In return, we ask for mutual respect.
Customers not abiding by this policy will be reminded of this policy and have their account reviewed. Customers repeatedly breaking this policy will have their account terminated from our network without further notice.
Canvas Host is a no-hate business. We welcome all races, all religions, all countries of origin, all sexual orientations, and all genders. We stand with you. You are safe here.
There is no room for disrespectful behavior in a progressive, forward-thinking business, whether within our staff or among our clientele. We are intentional in choosing the clients we host and support. Please contact us if you have any questions about this policy. | {
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A Meeting of Parishioners is to be held on at 7.30pm on Thursday 3rd January at All Saints' to elect two new Churchwardens.
Nomination forms are available at each of the Churches. Please return to Tracy. (Refreshments will be available at 7.00pm).
Details about the duties of a churchwarden can be found below.
When the archdeacon admits you as a churchwarden, he is formally appointing you to this office on behalf of the Bishop. The Bishop may want to consult with you about the parish during the year.
They are to maintain order in the church and churchyard, most especially during times of services, and to ensure that the church is ready for worship.
They have the duty of providing seats for parishioners· They are to collaborate with the bishop in the running of a parish during vacancy·.
They are the principle representatives of the laity of the parish and should be foremost in furthering its mission of the church and collaborating to that end with clergy and laity.
Lay people will often follow the example and lead of their churchwardens both in the PCC and more generally in the parish. They will sometimes come to a churchwarden with their concerns about the church. A churchwarden's wisdom and common sense are great assets for a church.
The Christmas Tree Festival is open from 9.00am – 3.00pm each day until 27th December.
Some trees are to be sold off by a silent auction. Bidding slips are available by each tree being sold, and should be placed into the box on the counter.
Come and join us for a wonderful celebration of carols with the amazing Southampton Brass.
The service starts at 6.30 but it's best to arrive early to guarantee a place. | {
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Posts Tagged 'Nigeria'
EU group deportations by charter flight
Posted by clandestina on 25 June 2009
"Sweep operations", mass arrests, mass detention, group deportations with charter flights. The Greek Government seems determined to turn this cascade of events into a routine this summer. This is an article about the last step – charter flighsts – we found at no-racism-net.
clandestinenglish
EU group deportations by charter flight – Hamburg as forerunner
On the 29.4.2004, the European council decided to organise group flights for deporting migrants and refugees who "are required to depart". The "rehearsal" for flights like this took place from 25 to the 26.5.04 in Hamburg-Fuhlsbüttel.
The ban on night flights was lifted, the airport turned into a prison and at around 2am eight refugees from four different states were flown to Amsterdam in a KLM plane to be deported to Togo and Cameroon along with 44 other refugees from five EU countries. Since then, there has been at least seven such group deportations to Africa, not only to Togo and Cameroon but also to Guinea, Ghana, Benin and Nigeria. Further charter flights took place from Düsseldorf (see overview at :: Flüchtlingsrat Hamburg)
In July 2005 at a meeting in Evian, the so-called G5 states (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and Great Britain) reaffirmed that they would plan deportations together in future. Shortly afterwards the airports in London and Paris were the setting for the joint deportation to Afghanistan. Further flights followed.
Saving costs and business
Such deportation flights are carried out with chartered aeroplanes from different airines e.g. Hamburg International (see box), Aero Flight (the company has since registered concourse), Hello (Swiss company), LTU, Westtours or the Austrian airlines Asylum Airlines founded especially for this purpose. They fly from country to country to round up detainees without valid residency permits, usually in late-night stings and with brutal violence. Or refugees are brought to the place of departure with loading planes, sometimes in small private jets. Around 140 000 euros is what a group deportation costs, and around 70 percent of this is reimbursed by the EU. "If I get the machine full, one deportee costs around 1000 Euros.
From 20 people and up, the cost per head sinks below the price of a scheduled deportation flight", explained a leading employee of the Hamburg Immigration Authorities to the magazine "Leben" in the newspaper :: "Zeit". But saving costs through a large number of deportees is not the main reason for carrying out group deportations. An example: In March 2008 the first charter deportation flight from Ireland took place – with only six refugees in the 110 seat machine. What is essential, is that a charter flight carrying only deportees is occupied with more than twice as many policemen, a doctor as well as employees of the involved immigration authorities and the European border protection agency Frontex, and so publicity is completely excluded and resistance is hardly possible.
Protests on charter flights with inhumane measures
In charter flights in recent years it often came to protests from passengers and some of them are on trial, for example in France. If passengers refuse to sit down then a flight cannot take off due to safety reasons. It is also possible for flight attendants to refuse to
carry out deportations. Air France had a one such a campaign with union workers in Summer 2007. The German pilot union, Cockpit, recommends its members to ask people affected by deportations whether they want to fly and if they answer "no" to refuse to transport them because otherwise, in case of death or injury from deportees, the pilot could be sued. Specialty deportation charter flights cannot expect such problems since the staff is specially chosen and mistreatment could occur unnoticed. Only afterwards, in reports from deportees, facts about the operation like medication used to "calm" them, being tied up, gagged, and hit and other illegal measures on board the charter machines were leaked to the public. The authorities justified this mistreatment by claiming that the deportees were "criminal offenders" and "violent". It's a fact that for authorities, "illegal" residency is a criminal act and cries of protest or resistance against being tied up or gagged are labelled as "violence" – but not what is done to the refugees.
Dieser Artikel ist mit leichten Änderungen dem :: Camp08 Reader entnommen.
Posted in Action & Struggle Reports, Content Reproductions/ Adaptations/ Translations, Publications, Long Reports, Analyses, Reviews & Research | Tagged: Aero flight, Afghanistan, Africa, Amsterdam, Asylum Airlines, Benin, charter flight, Düsseldorf, deportations, Evian meeting, Fortress European Union, France, FRONTEX, G5, Germany, Ghana, Great Britain, Hamburg, Hello (Swiss company), Italy, KLM, LTU, Nigeria, Spain, Togo and Cameroon but also to Guinea, Westtours | Leave a Comment »
At Luxemburg immigration meeting "…the debate came even as Spanish officials said that 18 African migrants were feared drowned in a bid to cross illegally to Spain"
Posted by clandestina on 4 June 2009
This is what the anti-immigration EU ministers discussed while burgeoing on how to make the route to Europe more dangerous, expensive and degrading (source):
Mediterranean migration makes EU waves as migrants lost off Spain
Luxembourg – The question of how to calm the waves of illegal migration sweeping into Europe across the Mediterranean Sea reached the European Union's upper levels on Thursday, even as 18 migrants were reported lost at sea off Spain. "We are all very aware that the situation is quite complicated and problematic, and that many people suffer from this," Swedish Immigration Minister Tobias Billstrom said at a meeting with EU interior ministers in Luxembourg.
In recent months, Italy, Greece, Malta and Cyprus have repeatedly called on other EU members to help them deal with the rising tide of illegal migrants crossing the Mediterranean to land on their shores.
The European Commission, the EU's executive, wants to set up a "pilot project" based on a "voluntary effort of solidarity … involving a resettlement of persons under international protection," EU Justice Commissioner Jacques Barrot said.
That proposal is "interesting, but not sufficient," Italian Interior Minister Roberto Maroni said.
But ministers from other EU states stopped short of offering to take large numbers of migrants from the Mediterranean, instead calling for a holistic and long-term solution to the problem.
"There is no quick fix to the problems at the southern sea border and the Mediterranean as a whole: we have to work with long-term goals, we have to see to it that we develop good cooperation with countries of transit and origin," Billstrom said.
The EU should also help the UN's refugee agency, UNHCR, begin work in Libya [1] – a key route for migration from Africa to Europe – to receive and identify asylum seekers, Barrot said.
German Interior Minister Wolfgang Schaeuble stressed that no relocation programme would deal with the economic inequality which is the main driver of migration.
"We can't solve the problem of poverty by bringing them all into Europe," he said.
The debate came even as Spanish officials said that 18 African migrants were feared drowned in a bid to cross illegally to Spain.
Greece tries to sell high its geopolitical location and wants more refugee return agreements with war zones (source):
Gov't on illegal migration via Turkey
LUXEMBOURG (ANA-MPA / V. Demiris) — Greece emphasised to its EU partners here on Thursday that neighbouring Turkey, an EU candidate-state, must absolutely respect the agreements it has signed on the readmission of illegal migrants that entered Greece from its territory — a pressing issue amid an increasing flow of mostly Third World nationals attempting to reach the Union via Turkey.
Interior and Public Administration Minister Prokopis Pavlopoulos, who represented Greece at the EU Justice and Internal Affairs Council, reiterated that if Turkey wished to enter the Union as a member it must adhere to Europe's acquis communautaire [2], of which an immigration and asylum pact entered into effect last October.
Pavlopoulos echoed Greek leadership in reminding that the neighbouring country, with which Greece's shares an extensive maritime border in the eastern Aegean and an often porous land border in the northeast Thrace province, has not met its commitments to take back migrants entering Greece from its territory.
"We are open to the steps Turkey is taking towards Europe, but this also necessitates simultaneous steps towards its (Turkey) modernisation, particularly with respect to the acquis communautaire," Pavlopoulos told his EU counterparts, reiterating that a landmark November 2001 Greek-Turkish protocol has not been honored by Ankara.
The Greek minister said the Union's proposals are generally moving in the right direction, although they will have to meeting all of the EU's needs, especially given the eastern Mediterranean particularities.
To prove his point, Pavlopoulos said Greece requested the readmission of 65,947 illegal immigrants back into Turkey, with only 2,271 returned over a span of seven years.
Finally, the Greek interior minister, who holds the law enforcement portfolio, said Athens wants the EU to sign and implement other such readmission protocols with other third countries where large numbers of illegal immigrants originate, such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nigeria, Afghanistan and Somalia.
[1] about Libya and the business of turning it into a huge refugee camp [source]
Libya asks EU for $1bn to combat immigration
Ivan Camilleri, Brussels
Libya has asked Brussels for $1 billion (€707 million) worth of technical assistance and equipment in exchange for more collaboration with Europe on the illegal immigration front.
Following its recent decision to collaborate more closely with Italy and take back immigrants who had left from its shores, Libya is now piling pressure on the EU to provide it with boats, helicopters, trucks and other equipment in an attempt to patrol its borders.
In its efforts to offer tangible help to Malta and Italy to curb these migration flows, the EU is more inclined to offer assistance once Libya has started to show more collaboration.
The EU will be discussing the matter this week, first with EU home affairs ministers in Brussels and then through a visit by EU Justice Commissioner Jacques Barrot to Tripoli.
"Finally Libya is engaging, and we want to build on this momentum," an EU official told The Sunday Times.
"Libya has already sent its 'shopping list' to Brussels, which we estimate will cost us around $1 billion. Although we are not giving any commitments we will surely be looking at Libya's demands more favourably once it is showing signs of collaboration."
Libya is considered as the main African transit country for almost all the illegal immigrants arriving on Maltese and Italian shores. It is estimated that in the past two years more than 60,000 sub-Saharan Africans have made the desperate crossing on rugged boats departing Libya for Italy.
International organisations estimate that some 4,000 people drowned as their journeys ended in tragedy.
It is estimated that 20 per cent of Libya's six million population is made up of illegal immigrants, which is causing disquiet on the domestic front since Libyans are blaming the increasing number of African migrants for a variety of social ills.
But the problem is also self-inflicted because for a number of years the country's leader, Muammar Gaddafi, has pro-moted an open border policy and endorsed a vision of a single African state, which would allow free movement of people and goods within the continent.
This has led to about two million Africans flooding into Libya unchallenged.
Following intense pressure by Malta and Italy, particularly in recent months, the European Commission last week endorsed a set of new measures aimed to help the two member states tackle the illegal immigration problem in the short term.
These measures, which will be discussed on Thursday with EU home affairs ministers, include financial assistance, a new mechanism of 'voluntary' bur-den sharing which would enable member states to resettle refugees and those with asylum status from Malta and Italy.
The proposals also include the opening of UNHCR/EU reception centres in north Africa, particularly in Libya, so that asylum seekers may have their applications processed there.
"These extraordinary set of measures have been drawn up in direct response to Malta's and Italy's needs," the EU official said.
"We are hoping that EU interior ministers endorse our proposals on Thursday so that we can start translating plans into action," he said. The Commission will need the green light from the 27 member states to start implementing these measures. Malta will be represented at the Justice and Home Affairs Council by Home Affairs Minister Carm Mifsud Bonnici.
[2] some wiki info on what this is:
The term acquis communautaire, or (EU) acquis (pronounced [aˈki]), is used in European Union law to refer to the total body of EU law accumulated thus far. The term is French: acquis means "that which has been acquired", and communautaire means "of the community".During the process of the enlargement of the European Union, the acquis was divided into 31 chapters for the purpose of negotiation between the EU and the candidate member states for the fifth enlargement (the ten that joined in 2004 plus Romania and Bulgaria which joined in 2007). These chapters were:
Free movement of persons
What is interesting is that the second chapter was subsequently divided into two,
2. Free movement of persons 2. Freedom of movement for workers
3. Right of establishment and freedom to provide services
...which admits what they aim at: keep creating cheap, seasonal workers, absolutely precarious and expendable at any time, with no future prospects.
Posted in Content Reproductions/ Adaptations/ Translations, Publications, Long Reports, Analyses, Reviews & Research, Undeclared War news | Tagged: Afghanistan, asylum, Bangladesh, Bilateral Agreements, Cyprus, deportations, detention, FRONTEX, Italy, legislation & policies, Libya, Malta, Nigeria, Pakistan, refugee camps, Somalia, Spain, Turkey, UN, UNHCR | Leave a Comment » | {
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Getting Serious About Bang for the Buck
Education Funding Opinion
By Rick Hess — January 25, 2011 4 min read
Rick Hess
Opinion Contributor, Education Week
Rick Hess is a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and the director of the think tank's Education Policy Studies.
I've been down in Austin the past two days attending the inaugural convening of Texas's new center for Improving Productivity in Public Education (IPE). Those who disdain discussions of educational cost-effectiveness will dismiss the whole exercise as school-bashing. Okay... For those of us who live in a world where resources are finite, though, the question of how to get more bang-for-the-buck is a crucial one for the next decade, and beyond. This week's effort signals that Texas just might be positioning itself to lead on this front in the same way it led on academic accountability two decades ago. The odds of this are dramatically heightened because the effort is being led by Darv Winick and Charles Miller, two of the figures who made Texas a national leader on academic accountability. (Full disclosure: I'm a consultant to IPE.)
The gathering marked a crucial departure. Several veteran reformers in the room noted that this was the first time they've been at a high-profile convening of this kind on the subject of educational productivity. It was an impressive gathering, featuring former U.S. Secretaries of Education Rod Paige and Margaret Spellings, Stanford's Rick Hanushek, University of Washington's Paul Hill, Texas Ed Commissioner Robert Scott, Texas legislative heavyweight Rob Eissler, and so on. The superintendents in the mix, like Houston's Terry Grier and Garland's Curtis Culwell, provoked both laughter and discomfort with tales of bus-driver tenure and food-service shenanigans.
Presenters included the Bush Institute's Jim Guthrie, Karen Hawley Miles of Education Resource Strategies, Tom Currah of the Texas Comptroller's Office, and Mike Casserly of the Council of the Great City Schools. They made clear that we've failed to consider where dollars go, and how much opportunity new data tools and fiscal pressures create to overhaul operations and rethink how we're using staff, technology, and resources. Hawley Miles recalled that, twenty years ago, she had trouble convincing anyone that this kind of analysis was useful or necessary. Suddenly, she says, she's being swamped by interest and that, "This moment of budget pressure can result in some very exciting visions."
The data was telling. Hawley Miles pointed out that "real" (e.g. inflation-adjusted) spending increased from $3,800 to $8,700 between 1970 to 2005, but that 80% of those dollars went into new staff positions and increased benefits. If teachers are frustrated that vast new spending in recent decades didn't boost salaries, they need to recognize that this is because those dollars have gone into hiring new staff and into plumping benefits--and not because states and districts have failed to fund schools. Hawley Miles also pointed out that special education spending has risen from 4% to 21% of spending over that period, while general education spending has fallen from 80% to 55%. (One fun anecdote. Hawley Miles noted that at a recent meeting with district personnel, she asked if states are helpful when districts tackle these challenges. When asked whether they would characterize their state as a partner, a nonfactor, or an example of "with friends like these...," three-quarters of district personnel opted for "with friends like these...".)
Hawley Miles walked through district analyses pointing out one district where average class size for core 9th grade classes is 27, while it was 18 for 12th grade electives. She flagged a district where a student-teacher ratio of 16:1 is yielding an average class size of 29:1, because of how staff are utilized. In another district, she noted that self-contained special education costs $42,600 per pupil while special education in general classrooms costs $19,900 per pupil. Yet, we've bizarrely opted to put in place policies that discourage or even prohibit educators from taking into account the enormous cost of self-contained instruction when deciding how to assign children and allocate scarce dollars.
Jim Guthrie pointed out that in the larger economy, worker productivity-per-hour has increased about 50% in the past 20 to 25 years. Yet, in education, if we look at worker costs relative to our minimal gains in reading and math NAEP scores, he showed that labor productivity appears to have actually declined by a substantial amount. For instance, he reported that, in inflation-adjusted dollars, Texas spent $33 per point of NAEP achievement in 1992 but $40 per point in 2007.
We often hear that Finland is a model for U.S. school reform. In that light, I thought it intriguing to see Guthrie point out that Finland spends about 65% of education dollars on faculty and staff salaries, while the U.S. is a bit over 80%. And Mike Casserly, once again walking through the remarkable analysis of big district spending that the Council of Great City Schools has conducted in recent years, pointed out that a district with 36,000 students can easily save 20-30 million dollars per year by moving from the bottom quartile to the median when it comes to operational efficiency.
Finally, one intriguing point emerged on Race to the Top, echoed by several participants and especially relevant in light of the President's speech tonight and the forthcoming budget debate. The consensus among those who spoke to the issue is that RTT didn't do anything to help bend cost curves, even as it's encouraged states to preserve jobs and to devise new spending plans rather than focus on identifying savings.
Policy & Politics Opinion The 2022 RHSU Edu-Scholar Public Influence Rankings
Second grader Amado Soto eats lunch socially distanced from his fellow students at Perez Elementary School in December.
Denise Cathey/The Brownsville Herald via AP
Education Funding Citing Supply Chain Issues, Inflation, USDA Boosts Funding for School Meals
Evie Blad, January 10, 2022 | {
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How Invoca Signal AI Powers Call Analytics for Marketers
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Artificial intelligence-powered platforms are helping marketers make more precise data-driven decisions faster than ever. Many martech companies are launching AI applications, and it's exciting to see the technology become pervasive across so many industries so quickly. Invoca lives and breathes to help marketers get more visibility into phone calls, so of course our AI solution, Signal AI, is designed to allow you to better understand and predict consumer behaviors by mining data from phone conversations with your customers.
Signal AI has been used to analyze over 2 million conversations and the award-winning technology is used by companies like Frontier Communications to uncover new opportunities to boost marketing ROI. That's all great, but you're probably interested in how it actually works. Let's get beyond the AI buzzwords and dig into the 1s and 0s.
What is Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence?
"Artificial intelligence" (AI) and "machine learning" (ML) are frequently used interchangeably, but they aren't the same thing. Just to clear the air:
AI is the broader concept of machines being able to carry out tasks in a way that we would consider "smart".
ML is a current application of AI based around the idea that we should be able to give machines access to data and let them learn for themselves.
However, ML and AI are not magic wands. As nice as it would be, marketers can't just flip an AI switch and double marketing ROI. Like all marketing tools, they are most valuable when they are powered by a clear strategy and clean data.
Using AI to Extract Value from First-Party Call Data
Phone conversations are the ultimate first-party data source and they're a holy grail for marketers who work in industries that rely on phone calls to make sales. But marketers aren't usually equipped to handle the sheer volume of data created by phone calls. Just imagine listening to thousands of phone calls a month to figure out when conversions happen, when they don't, and trying to apply what you discovered to take the next appropriate digital marketing step for each individual caller. Some organizations have actually tried this, and it's costly, error-prone, and inefficient to perform at scale.
So when it comes to calls, you enter the modern conundrum of having too much data — in this case, call recordings — and no way to efficiently analyze or use it. Enter AI. It can take in vast data sets and draw conclusions by detecting intent and word/phrase patterns, then give marketers access to valuable, actionable insights that would be otherwise unattainable. On top of that, Signal AI is able to detect subtleties that humans might miss, as machines can identify patterns that people could easily gloss over.
How does Invoca Signal AI work?
Ok, so Signal AI sounds cool, but how does it all work? We'll break it down into a four basic steps:
Step 1: Call data flows into the Invoca platform during each conversation.
Step 2: The spoken data is transcribed* into text so it can be analyzed by the algorithm.
Step 3: The predictive model analyzes the conversation and identifies key patterns, phrases, and actions, then identifies call outcomes such as 'application submitted' or 'quote received'.
Step 4: Those outcomes and insights are pushed into your marketing stack so you can use this valuable conversation data to optimize marketing spend and personalize the customer's next interaction — all in real time.
*For marketers concerned about HIPAA and PCI compliance, sensitive information is never stored anywhere and Invoca automatically detects and redacts it from all data and analytics — even in cases where calls are recorded.
There are many ways that marketers can put this data to work, here are a few typical applications:
Optimize Ad Spend: Automatically adjust keyword bidding strategies and suppress ads in systems like Google Ads (formerly AdWords) and Search Ads 360 (formerly DoubleClick search) for callers who convert over the phone
Seed Audiences: Create new audiences using offline conversion data to expand your reach of potential customers through native integrations with Facebook and Adobe Experience Cloud
Personalize Content: Update content management tools like Adobe Target to personalize content for each subsequent consumer visit based on call conversations
How Signal AI is Implemented
While Signal AI is quite advanced functionally, it does not require a heavy IT lift to implement, and "training" it to identify outcomes for your business can be accomplished fairly quickly. We offer two different versions of Signal AI that can be selected depending resource availability and complexity of the use case.
Pre-trained AI
We have built "out-of-the-box", industry-based predictive models that have been pre-trained using tens of thousands of hours of industry call data. Our Industry AI models are applicable to considered purchase-focused businesses in industries like insurance, automotive, financial services, telecommunications, home services, and healthcare. We understand that not all companies want to identify the same insights from their conversations, so we've created over 25 distinct pre-trained Signals for marketers to choose from. This package is also ideal for marketers that may have an insufficient volume of call recordings to train a custom algorithm.
Custom AI
Business that have unique business outcomes, high volumes of existing quality call data, a more sophisticated data science or analytics function at their organization are more likely to use the Custom AI. To implement Custom AI, you first identify the outcomes you care most about and then compile a set of calls where that outcome is met, and another set of calls where that condition is not met. For example, if you want to identify calls where a caller submits an application, you'll compile sets of calls where an application was actually submitted and where an application was not submitted, so that the AI model can learn how to distinguish between when specific events happen vs. when they do not. The data is then uploaded to Invoca so the algorithm can learn the patterns inherent across customer conversations, in order to effectively make predictions and classifications on new inbound phone calls.
Is AI-powered Call Analytics for Me?
The long and short of it is, if your business uses digital marketing to drive a high volume of customers to the phone, then you need a call analytics solution that uses AI to make the most of conversational data. Any marketer knows the value of first party data, and the data you can glean from people who are calling your business is more accurate than correlating clicks to behavioral intent ever can be. Utilizing a tool like Invoca Signal AI makes it possible to use this data to optimize digital advertising, reduce marketing costs, and reach more potential customers than ever.
Knowing the outcome of each and every phone call and being able to automate marketing actions after the call is invaluable to marketers of many different stripes, but with one common thread: they all value phone calls.
If this sounds like you, call 888-530-8815 or click here to schedule a demo.
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Marjorie Mccoy
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Marketing Attribution Modeling: Pros and Cons of the Top 5 Techniques
Andrew Sheridan
Multi-touch marketing attribution is crucial for campaign optimization. Learn the top attribution models every marketer needs to know.
Secrets of call tracking & conversational analytics delivered to your inbox.
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Optima Signature® is in a class of its own.
to say about their Signature experiences.
15% off check for dine in only- Cant be used Fri or Sat after 5pm.
15% off food and beverage, dine in only, cant be combined with any other discount or promo.
10% off class packs and full priced 1 month unlimited for River North and Streeterville locations. This excludes New Client Special and auto pay packages as well as accessories, and already discounted retail.
15% discount to all rose bud restaurants and complimentary bottle of Rose for all move in through 2018!
$30 off first years membership, plus $30 in free driving.
Permanent 10% discount off check when residents show their keytag to their server.
20% off lunch and brunch.
Fitness assessment w/ nutritional analysis/ Personal training $60 per session/ FREE ON-SITE YOGA CLASSES for the property!
I've been very impressed with the staff. From big things like fixing a couple of things in our unit to small things like staff emailing on their day off to make sure my needs had been addressed, and helping my wife an I navigate the new building. Solidly impressed.
When walking into the front door, staff always greets me with a smile and seems interested with saying hello. The view from the 48th floor is epic.
Good everything is really nice in the apartment and the building! We love living here and the location is great too! The door staff is so nice!
Best location in Streeterville and excellent amenities. Staff are nice and very helpful, and accommodating. I like that is it a LEED certified building. Hope they convert to condo.
Love the building. However, the price of studio units are overpriced for the amount of noise you hear of the hallway from inside the unit. Undecided if I will renew.
I love my apartment, everything is so brand new and up do date. The location is so convenient and close to everything and the building is just amazing.
I love the amenities, location, and overall design of Optima Signature. This building truly has it all and then some! The vibrant community within the building has led to many friendships for years to come!
The apartment overall is great! I love all the amenities. My favorite part about this place is having my best friend live in the same building because we can enjoy all the fun activities together!
Having just moved into Optima this past weekend, I can truly say that it was exceptional. As promised, all facilities were clean and the apartment was in perfect shape. The leasing office expedited the process of getting keys and handling everything.
The community is well constructed when it comes to moving in, answering questions, maintaining a clean and safe environment and making sure the rules are followed.
Great building with fabulous amenities and location! Building staff is very attentive and quick to respond. Love living here and in a Streeterville!
The elevator can take a while sometimes. Otherwise it has been great. Everything we need right in the building. I love the basket ball court.
My experience at Optima Signature has been fantastic. It's in walking distance from a lot of things, the staff is very friendly and the ammenities are unlike any other apartment.
Great location. Amenities are unbelievable. Maintenance is very prompt and will likely fix issues same day. Parking garage provides easy access to the building.
So far, this place has been outstanding. THe staff are very friendly and helpful. The amenities are amazing, and the building is insanely clean and organized.
Living at optima signature for a month now. The location of the building is excellent, all you need close by. Building amenities are very good and easy to use. The apartments are well equiped and the south view is stunning. Elevators can take a while to pick you up depending on the time of the day. I like to encounter dogs going out for a walk on the 7th floor And the events that are organized in the building. Looking forward to summer and the outside pool and lounge areas.
Great community of people. Full gym, full basketball court, and all spa services like sauna and steam room available 24/7! What more can you ask for?
My first week here has been great. Loading dock is awesome. The amenities that I've used so far are pretty cool and clean! Except (nitpicking) 20th Floor I found loud and messy (teenage party.) Where are the cups for coffee machine? Apartment is cool. My hall is clean. Garbage disposal smells. Walls are thin above and around from party weekend on floor. I can here through Bathroom vent. The people Ive met are friendly and also love living/ working here. Exits and location are a breeze. All shops are at my fingertips.
loving this bueatiful apartment ! Coming from Europe it makes the our move so much more comfortable! The views and amenities are perfect and well organized!
The Optima community is a friendly and welcoming one. The amenities are great and we can't wait to utilize the outside space.Great workout facility!
Have been in my unit for a little over seven months now and all I can say it has been my favorite building to live in in Chicago. Amazing and friendly staff and the amenities are second to none. Only down side is the elevators.
I love the community and gym! Getting to know our neighbors has been the best part! It no longer feels like I am in a closed off apartment but more like a neighborhood!
Unbeatable location and amenities, with everything from a squash court to golf simulator to peloton bikes. One of the best residential buildings in Chicago. | {
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Chapter 7 1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me; and, behold, he formed grasshoppers in the beginning of the shooting up of the latter growth; and, lo, it was the latter growth after the king's mowings.2 And it came to pass, that when they had made an end of eating the grass of the land, then I said, O Lord GOD, forgive, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.3 The LORD repented for this: It shall not be, saith the LORD.4 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and, behold, the Lord GOD called to contend by fire, and it devoured the great deep, and did eat up a part.5 Then said I, O Lord GOD, cease, I beseech thee: by whom shall Jacob arise? for he is small.6 The LORD repented for this: This also shall not be, saith the Lord GOD.7 Thus he shewed me: and, behold, the LORD stood upon a wall made by a plumbline, with a plumbline in his hand.8 And the LORD said unto me, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A plumbline. Then said the LORD, Behold, I will set a plumbline in the midst of my people Israel: I will not again pass by them any more:9 And the high places of Isaac shall be desolate, and the sanctuaries of Israel shall be laid waste; and I will rise against the house of Jeroboam with the sword.10 Then Amaziah the priest of Bethel sent to Jeroboam king of Israel, saying, Amos hath conspired against thee in the midst of the house of Israel: the land is not able to bear all his words.11 For thus Amos saith, Jeroboam shall die by the sword, and Israel shall surely be led away captive out of their own land.12 Also Amaziah said unto Amos, O thou seer, go, flee thee away into the land of Judah, and there eat bread, and prophesy there:13 But prophesy not again any more at Bethel: for it is the king's chapel, and it is the king's court.14 Then answered Amos, and said to Amaziah, I was no prophet, neither was I a prophet's son; but I was an herdman, and a gatherer of sycomore fruit:15 And the LORD took me as I followed the flock, and the LORD said unto me, Go, prophesy unto my people Israel.16 Now therefore hear thou the word of the LORD: Thou sayest, Prophesy not against Israel, and drop not thy word against the house of Isaac.17 Therefore thus saith the LORD; Thy wife shall be an harlot in the city, and thy sons and thy daughters shall fall by the sword, and thy land shall be divided by line; and thou shalt die in a polluted land: and Israel shall surely go into captivity forth of his land.
Chapter 8 1 Thus hath the Lord GOD shewed unto me: and behold a basket of summer fruit.2 And he said, Amos, what seest thou? And I said, A basket of summer fruit. Then said the LORD unto me, The end is come upon my people of Israel; I will not again pass by them any more.3 And the songs of the temple shall be howlings in that day, saith the Lord GOD: there shall be many dead bodies in every place; they shall cast them forth with silence.
Amos, an older contemporary of Hosea and Isaiah, was active c. 750 BCE during the reign of Jeroboam II, making the Book of Amos the first biblical prophetic book written. Amos lived in the kingdom of Judah but preached in the northern kingdom of Israel. His major themes of social justice, God's omnipotence, and divine judgment became staples of prophecy.
Amos was a prophet during the reign of Jeroboam ben Joash (Jeroboam II), ruler of Israel from 793 BCE to 753 BCE, and the reign of Uzziah, King of Judah, at a time when both kingdoms (Israel in the North and Judah in the South) were peaking in prosperity. | {
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As Marie mentions in her article, we would have been better served as simply one of the opening acts for the nighttime concerts (more on that later). 8=8 was designed for a concert setting, although off the main stage. It was not designed as an installation, we already know how to do that, thank you very much. Despite our protests, the festival director begged us to present 8=8 as a daytime installation + performance, claiming that there wasn't really anywhere for 8=8 to perform in the evening setting. But once we actually got on-site we realized how much we had been screwed, as there were several places/times we would have fit in fine. A truly shameful lie, especially considering he was with me in Marseille when I — sucessfully, albeit with much difficulty — fought against the tendencies a previous music festival had of treating multimedia performances as nothing more than an entertaining sideshow.
To further add insult to injury, the sound system sucked — really sucked — as did the acoustics, whereas at the night setting the sound was f§@#&?! brilliant.
If I could make a public plea to Scopitone: do what you do best — music — and just drop the multimedia part all together. That, or be more honest with your artists. Slapping together a couple minor installations with little to no means, and even worse no curatorial vision, just gives digital arts a bad name. The scary part is that they are currently renovating a former warehouse to make room for a permanent cultural center dedicated to multimedia art. Yikes! They better get a serious artistic director, and quick. It would be even better if they found someone who has travelled beyond the infamous invisible wall that protected France from Chernobyl.
Here are some photos of that "Punkoid universe, between distorted Donkey Kong, abstract football, deviant rainbows and infernal machines," Marie described so well. All the photos were taken by Thomas or else by some intoxicated stranger ressembling one of the members of 8=8. | {
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Miller's Australian Competition & Consumer Law Annotated is available online as an updating subscription service.
This work is the essential resource for practitioners, professionals and anyone with an interest in competition and consumer law. Containing the full text of the Trade Practices Act with annotations written by Russell V Miller to explain the operation of the legislation and provide a detailed analysis of the relevant case law, Miller's Australian Competition & Consumer Law Annotated Online also contains related legislation and materials.
Miller Online is updated approximately four times per year, or more, with legislation updated as amendments come into force. It contains all the benefits of the paper version with features unique to Thomson's online publications, including "law in force" legislation alerts, easy to use searching, and (subject to separate subscription) full integration with other Thomson products such as FirstPoint case research and full text authorised reports, including the Federal Court Reports and Commonwealth Law Reports. | {
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Аугу́ст Пер Арно́льд Али́н (; ) — шведский футболист, вратарь клуба «Сириус».
Клубная карьера
Футболом начал заниматься в столичном «Юргордене», а затем в «Эльвшё», где выступал за различные юношеские команды. Учился в стокгольмской гимназии Эстра Реал. Летом 2016 года отправился в США, где выступал в студенческой лиге за команду Мемориального университета Линкольна — «Рейлсплиттерс». За год нахождения в команде Алин принял участие в 19 встречах, в которых пропустил мяча. В конце марта 2017 года вернулся в Швецию, став игроком «Бо», подписав с клубом контракт до конца сезона. 5 августа провёл за клуб первую и единственную игру во втором шведском дивизионе, выйдя в стартовом составе на гостевой матч с «Рюннинге», в котором его «Бо» проиграл со счётом 1:3. В начале 2018 года на правах свободного агента перешёл в «Гамла Уппсалу», также выступающую во втором дивизионе. В первом туре нового чемпионата, состоявшемся 7 апреля, в матче против «Карлсберга» Алин дебютировал в новом клубе. За три с половиной сезона, проведённых в «Гамле», голкипер принял участие в более чем 70 матчах.
23 июля 2021 года перешёл в другой клуб из Уппсалы — «Сириус», выступающий в Алльсвенскане. Подписанное соглашение рассчитано на полгода. 9 августа в гостевой встрече с «Варбергом» Алин впервые попал в официальную заявку на матч, но на поле не появился. Дебютировал в чемпионате Швеции 27 сентября в поединке с «Хальмстадом».
Клубная статистика
Примечания
Ссылки
Профиль на официальном сайте ФК «Сириус»
Футболисты Швеции
Игроки ФК «Сириус» | {
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#If ECHOES Then
Imports System.Windows
Public Partial Class MainWindowController
Public ReadOnly Property window As Window
Public Sub New()
window = New MainWindow(withController := Me)
setup()
End Sub
'
' Compatibility Helpers. These could/should be in a shared base class, in a real app with many window/views
'
Public Sub showWindow(sender As id)
window.Show()
End Sub
'
' Add WPF-specific code here
'
End Class
#End If | {
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Home » Reviews » CD » A » Atrophy - Vi…y Nature (CD)
Atrophy - Violent By Nature (CD)
Violent By Nature
by Yiannis Dafopoulos at 09 December 2006, 6:58 PM
Ah, smells like classic old Thrash to me! What? Displeased Records re-released the two classic ATROPHY albums Violent By Nature and Socialized Hate? And I am the one to review them? Hell yeah baby! So, prepare yourselves for a review that goes back to the roots! Read and enjoy fellow thrashers!
ATROPHY was an underground US Thrash Metal band based in Tucson, Arizona. Their first name was HERESY but with the addition of drummer Tim Kelly they changed their name to ATROPHY. They were formed in 1986 and have released two albums through Roadrunner Records. They had also managed to tour as a support act to SACRED REICH. Those two albums that had been released through Roadrunner are now being re-released through Displeased Records.
So, Violent By Nature is an album that is considered to be a classic in the Thrash Metal scene. Songs like Violent By Nature and Things Change are surely stuck deep in every die-hard thrashers head! Nine techno-Thrash hymns that will blow you away (regarding all the guys who don't know the band or haven't listened to any of their stuff). Thrash Metal in the vein of Thrash titans such as DARK ANGEL, DEATH ANGEL, FORBIDDEN and SACRED REICH. Even if this band didn't manage to last long and split up, they achieved to earn this classic cult status. They've got this up-tempo pissed off Thrash Metal attitude that won't leave you untouched. Especially if you miss the days when Thrash Metal was at its best, this album will definitely fill your head with nostalgia.
What made a bad impression on me was that Displeased Records didn't make an effort to add something extra to the release. Some bonus stuff to attract the consumers. I mean, the re-release of the album is definitely great because it will be much easier to find it and buy it, but what about something extra? They could add some bonus stuff from ATROPHY's Chemical Dependency demo (1987) or some video material!
Anyway, in my humble opinion, this is one of the best Thrash Metal bands Roadrunner ever had in its roster. If you already have the album, don't mind checking this re-release out, but if don't know shit about this band or haven't listened to any of their stuff, get your ass on the nearest record store and buy this album! Thrash 'til the end!
The rating below is clearly for the album and not the re-release. Just reviewing an all time favorite album! Ah, the sweet feeling of denim & leather lingers in the air!
Puppies And Friends
In Their Eyes
Too Late To Change
Slipped Through The Cracks
Forgotten But Not Gone
Right To Die
Things Change
Brian Zimmerman - Vocals
Chris Lykins - Guitar
Rick Skowron - Guitar
James Gullota - Bass
Tim Kelly - Drums
Record Label: Displeased Records | {
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One common question that Danny and I receive on the radio show is, "Can I paint aluminum siding; and, if so, what is the best method?" great question. The key to painting aluminum siding is preparation and priming. All of the chalkiness must be washed and scrubbed off, and any flaking paint.
How To Clean Mold Off Wood Furniture In humid conditions, mold and mildew can thrive on leather, wood and upholstered furniture. Over time, these fungi can reduce the aesthetic value of furniture and give off an unpleasant, musty odor..
Prices discounted from 30-80%, while supplies last. See a better price online? Please call or chat using the links at the top of our site and we will beat that price. Just sign in to your Build.com.
Our new Antique Bronze Bistro Set includes 2 cast aluminum chairs and a 23.6 in. Dia cast aluminum table. This lightweight yet durable bistro set is perfect for breakfasts in.
With these questions in mind, Cast & Place was conceptualized as a pavilion made entirely from waste. 300,000 recycled aluminum cans. RIBA will give the AIANY Cultural Facilities Committee's annual.
Touching up powder coated aluminum outdoor furniture (tropitone) Q. I would like to change the color on my outdoor furniture. I would like to know if I can Spray paint Tropitone furniture that is powder coated on aluminum frames. This furniture sits in the sun all day. The original finish is a baby blue colored powder coat.
Huntington Collection . Our Price $2999 Compare to Nevada Deep Seating in Patio Stores at $6740! Beautiful collection in espresso brown leather look wicker and powder coated heavy gauge aluminum.
How To Treat Scabies On Furniture As furniture and dwellings occupy maximum space at homes, they do become the perfect grounds for breeding scabies mites. Any family member sharing furniture with an infected person is highly susceptible to contracting it.
allen + roth northborough 5-piece aluminum Frame Patio Conversation Set with Cast Ash Sunbrella Cushions at Lowe's. Allen + Roth deep seating set of 6 seats, cushions are in Sunbrella fabric, which are weather, mildew and stain-resistant for lasting outdoor durability.
Touch up the paint as soon as it's nicked. Do not apply car wax, which will leave a cloudy buildup. Storage The best place for furniture in the winter is a dry spot indoors. If it must remain outdoors, wrap each piece in a breathable vinyl cover (available at outdoor-furniture distributors) that doesn't touch the ground. | {
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Gaming Xenoblade Chronicles 3 is Coming to Nintendo Switch on 29 July
Xenoblade Chronicles 3 is Coming to Nintendo Switch on 29 July
During the recent Xenoblade Chronicles 3 Direct Nintendo announced that Xenoblade Chronicles 3 will officially launch on 29 July. Besides new release date, the game will also feature a limited edition featuring a steelbook case and 250-page+ hardcover artbook. If you are eager to play a new Xenoblade game on the Nintendo Switch, you can't miss this one!
Xenoblade Chronicles 3 was originally set for a September release date, but Nintendo has pushed it forward to July 29 due to the Zelda hole in the calendar. Nintendo didn't give a reason for the move, but the game is now slated to be exclusive to the Switch. You'll have to find out how the game compares to the previous two in the series.
Xenoblade Chronicles 3 and Expansion Pass Price
The digital version of the Xenoblade Chronicles 3 is priced at $79.99, while the Expansion Pass is priced at $29.99. The Xenoblade Chronicles 3 Expansion Pass includes 4 waves of DLC content that will be available over the next year.
In Xenoblade Chronicles 3, you'll play as a hero in an alternate world ruled by the Agnus nation. The Agnus forces specialize in ether combat, in which they fight with tiny, autonomous weapons. A group of six soldiers from different nations band together in an attempt to uncover the truth about the conflict and find the solution to its troubles. Together, they set their sights on the Swordmarch, a land pierced by a giant sword. During the game, you'll play as Noah, a solider from the nation of Keves, and Lanz, a knight from the mighty nation of the Lanz.
The long-awaited sequel to the popular JRPG series will be released on the Nintendo Switch on July 29. The game is set to include a story expansion in 2023. The storyline of the game involves main characters forced to hide from two countries. It's also the first in the series to have its own unique twist on time, as they're forced to evade the authorities of both countries.
Minecraft Legends Official Release Date Set for April 18, 2023, Gameplay Trailer Released
Telenet Shooting Collection Launches for Nintendo Switch on June 8 in Japan
Session: Skate Sim for Nintendo Switch Launches on March 16
PowerWash Simulator for PS5, PS4 and Nintendo Switch Will Launch on January 30
Mario Kart 8 Deluxe Booster Course Pass DLC
Legend Of Zelda Tears Of The Kingdom Key Art Revealed | {
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A 56-year-old woman who was reported missing Sunday afternoon from the Bronzeville neighborhood on the South Side has been found, according to a missing person's alert from Chicago police.
Barbara Williams had been last seen at 3:30 p.m. in the 4500 block of South Calumet Avenue. She was located Saturday evening, police said. | {
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Home | Mises Library | Power and Market: Government and the Economy
Power and Market: Government and the Economy
Tags Political Theory
07/20/1970Murray N. Rothbard
Free Downloads:
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Power and Market Government and the Economy.pdf
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What can government do to enhance social and economic well being? Nothing, says Murray N. Rothbard. Power and Market contains the proof. It will inoculate the reader against even the slightest temptation to invoke the state as a solution to any social or economic problem. It is the ultimate manual for completely de-mystifying the myth of the state.
This beautiful new edition is the first to truly do it justice.
The Rothbardian claim is perhaps the most radical made in the history of political economy. But how can it be convincing? What must an author do to back up this claim?
Here is what Rothbard did. He systematically classified every form of intervention into three types: autistic, binary, and triangular. Within each category, he discusses their ill effects, and does so with precision and insight. Free market scholars have been using and expanding on his insights for years. But in this book we have the source.
He is like an expert house inspector examining the edifice of the state. Brick by brick, nail by nail, he shows that it is fundamentally unsound. The seeming edifice is really a house of cards.
This book is the ideal answer to the person who says: "I favor free markets but…." and then proceeds to advocate some intervention they believe to be helpful. Rothbard shows that it is not helpful, no matter what it is. And he provides the logic for understanding how all forms of government aggression make society worse off.
Some of the topics covered: price control, compulsory cartels, licenses, quality standards, safety precautions, tariffs, child labor laws, conscription, subsidies to unemployment, subsidies to employment, base-point pricing bans, conservation, antitrust laws, patents, public utilities, eminent domain, wage taxes, corporate taxes, capital gains taxes, property taxes, progressive taxes, the single tax, government ownership of anything, and all forms of government spending.
Within each category he lays out the rationale for why the measure must fail.
Here is a sample of the prose and analytics you can expect:
Many "right-wing" economists have advocated general sales taxation, as opposed to income taxation, on the ground that the former taxes consumption but not savings-investment; many "left-wing" economists have opposed sales taxation for the same reason. Both are mistaken; the sales tax is an income tax, though of more haphazard and uncertain incidence. The major effect of the general sales tax will be that of the income tax: to reduce the consumption and the savings-investment of the taxpayers.
Or what about taxes that are designed to bolster savings and reduce consumption. Here is Rothbard:
Why does consumption possess less merit than saving? Allocation between them on the market is simply a matter of time preference. This means that any coerced deviation from the market ratio of saving to consumption imposes a loss in utility, and this is true whichever direction the deviation takes. A government measure that might induce more saving and less consumption is then no less subject to criticism than one that would lead to more consumption and less saving. To say differently is to criticize free-market choices and implicitly to advocate governmental measures to force more savings upon the public.
Such pithy arguments make up the entire book, as Rothbard's laser hits topic after topic. Nor does he avoid the moral arguments for state intervention, and here his work really shines. He shows that intervention cannot make a society more religious, cultured, or healthy. It can only do precisely what it is capable of doing: taking our lives and property, actions which only reduce wealth.
The statist reading this book can only feel like a cornered rat.
This book was originally written as part of Man, Economy, and State, but it culled out because it was too controversial for the publisher. The Mises Institute included it again in its Scholar's Edition of Man, Economy, and State.
And yet the demand for Power and Market in a single volume remains high. Hence, this edition, designed for classroom use, individual use, or to hand to a politician before he makes his very first campaign stop.
The introduction is by Edward Stringham of San Jose State University.
Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1970. Also reattached to Man, Economy, and State (Mises Institute, 2004)
Murray N. Rothbard made major contributions to economics, history, political philosophy, and legal theory. He...
This three-lecture course presents a coherent Austrian economics approach to money and banking. | {
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Dr. Ted Jordan has been my orthopedic doctor for oer 10 years. He has answered question in a way that were easily understood. He has been able to diagnose things other doctors had missed. He is one of the most qualified and knowledgeable members of the medical field.
Dr. Jordan is absolutely one of the best orthopedic surgeons I have ever had. He is very attentive and listens to what I or my husband has to say about any problem we have. Has done numerous surgeries over last 10 yrs on both of us. Will continue to be his patients as long as we need an orthopedist. | {
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Caroline Price is a violinist and teacher living in Suffolk. She has published three previous collections of poetry and has tutored in secondary schools in France as well as undertaking translation work for literary festivals in Brussels and Rotterdam. She has also published short fiction and in 2015 was runner-up for the Society of Authors' Tom-Gallon short story award. | {
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You are trapped inside in a Deep South Room. The door of the Deep South Room is locked. There is no one near to help you out. Find some useful objects and hints to escape from the Deep South Room.
Join the 2 Elder women in this funny point and click adventure game. | {
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Preserving World Heritage Amidst Conflict
Posted by Jenna Jardine / July 11, 2017
A sampling of cultural heritage playing cards. CREDIT: Department of Defense
BY JENNA JARDINE In the halls of the NYU Anthropology building, Rita Wright, a professor of archaeology, points to a poster displaying a deck of Department of Defense cultural heritage playing cards. The playing cards were developed by archaeologist Laurie Rush to raise awareness about archaeological preservation among American troops during the Iraq war. The poster serves as a reminder of a effort within the archaeological community to combat one of war's forgotten losses—human history.
Wright points to a card with a picture of archaeological remains in Samarra, Iraq. The UNESCO World Heritage City was the site of a major battle in 2004. The card's information was not able to convince commanders to save Samarra from destruction during the battle. Wright hung the poster on the third floor of the Rufus D. Smith Hall of Anthropology, just outside of her office, believing in the importance of its message.
"It is a wonderful way to raise awareness about preservation," Wright said. Like others in her department, Wright stressed that the effort is working to preserve not just Iraqi history, but human history.
Called the cradle of civilization, Mesopotamia and the Near East have been a crossroads of cultures and peoples throughout history. Here, circa 4000 B.C.E, the first cities are developed, a unified system of writing takes form, and agriculture begins to grow. Now known as Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Israel, the region is home to 31 World Heritage sites listed by UNESCO, miniscule in comparison to the countless archaeological excavations, cultural hot-spots, and ancient material remains scattered through the region. Fast forward to today, and you are in a region plagued by conflict. The latest threat to this ancient land is the Islamic State. The terrorist organization has destroyed more than lives, it has looted, defaced and leveled ancient sites across large stretches of Syria and North-Western Iraq.
Beginning in Syria with sites like Palmyra, once an oasis for travelers on the Silk Road it is now a ruin. ISIS fighters rigged the city's nearly 2,000-year-old Temple of Baalshamin with explosives in Aug. 2016, reducing it to rubble. In Iraq at the UNESCO World Heritage site of Hatra, once an independent kingdom comprised of both Greek and Roman influences, ISIS fighters took sledgehammers to ancient sculptures and riddled them with bullets in April 2015.
Surprisingly, it is here, where most news focuses on the overwhelming level of destruction and violence, that an archaeological renaissance is taking place. Destruction of ancient sites steeped in world heritage has offended and motivated the archaeological community to act. The British Museum re-upped its Emergency Heritage Management program to facilitate the preservation and reconstruction of ancient sites, during and after the current conflict. The Iraq Emergency Heritage Management Training Scheme offers in-depth and specialized training to Iraqi heritage professionals to record destruction during the conflict, prevent accidental and reasoned destruction, and rebuild when the region is once again at peace.
"We wanted to do something positive and constructive in the face of the appalling destruction that has been going on," the program's director Jonathan Tubb said in a press release.
During the U.S. backed wars in Iraq in the 1990's and early 2000's, the British Museum worked with Iraqi heritage professionals to preserve culturally significant sites from accidental or rationalized destruction by American forces. Most notably, the use of the ancient city of Babylon as a U.S. military headquarters in 2008. British Museum curator John Curtis spoke against the occupation at the time, saying trenches dug without professional consultation had caused irreversible damage to archaeological materials in the area.
"It contaminates the record of Babylon for the next generation of archaeologists," Curtis told Agence France-Presse in 2008. "I don't think it's malicious, it comes from ignorance."
To combat this ignorance, the museum's new offensive into the Iraqi archaeological landscape will focus on equipping Iraqi archaeologists with the tools and skills needed to deal with the aftermath of war's destruction in all its forms.
"By preparing our Iraqi colleagues for the day when sites are returned to their control, we are confident that they will know how to systematically record what has been destroyed and employ state-of-the-art technology to allow for reconstruction," Tubb said.
In 2015 the training program began recruiting Iraqi professionals to participate in a six-month course. The first three months of the inaugural course were spent at the British Museum in London. Here, experienced archaeologists gave trainees a theoretical understanding of archaeological preservation and reconstruction, as well as basic technical skills. The group then traveled to Iraq, working in the field at archaeological excavation, preservation, and reconstruction sites in the secure regions of Kurdistan and south Basra. The training focuses on techniques such as rescue archaeology, emergency retrieval strategies, forensic collection and documentation methodologies, and principles of conservation and restoration, all in hopes of being able to preserve as much of the area's rich world history as possible.
"The training is very useful and beneficial for us," Halkawt Qadir Omer, a current trainee told AFP in Feb. 2017. "Now we have contact with the British Museum to change the direction of history and archaeology."
Threats to this history are ever present in the war-torn regions of Iraq and Syria. The Iraqi active offensive to take back Mosul from the Islamic State, has been an important battlefield for archaeologists. Program participants were the first to enter the Mosul Museum and assess the damage after it was recovered in March.
"Once the city is liberated, there will be an enormous plan of reconstruction," Sebastien Rey, a lead archeologist in the program said in a press release.
From the Roman armies of the second century C.E. to the crusaders in the 1100s, destroying a people's material culture has long served as a means of depriving people of their history in order to control them. The purposeful destruction by ISIS forces follows this same pattern, often calling on religion by destroying Christian sites and influences of pagan Greeks and Romans. Rationalized destruction done by fighting forces may not share this malicious reasoning, but the niaiveté causes the same damage to cultural history. UNESCO Director-General Irina Bokova called on the International Criminal Court to investigate the destruction, deeming it a war crime.
"Nothing is safe from the cultural cleansing underway in the country: it targets human lives, minorities, and is marked by the systematic destruction of humanity's ancient heritage," Bokova said in a statement. "There is absolutely no political or religious justification for the destruction of humanity's cultural heritage."
The current destruction is even more damning when it is understood not just as the history of one people, but of all people. As the cradle of civilization, a crossroads for traders, missionaries, and empires for thousands of years, these sites hold the cultural history of the world. Former United Nations Secretary General Ban Ki-moon echoed Bokova's outrage saying he was "deeply disturbed" in a statement.
"The deliberate destruction of our common cultural heritage constitutes a war crime and represents an attack on humanity as a whole," Ki-moon said. | {
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Q: how to populate custom listview from sqlite database? I have created an android app in which i have to fetch data from sqlite database and set it on custom listview. Problem is that data is not shown. my code is same as a required for showing output.
A: You need to create a class which extends CursorAdapter. Below is the demo code:
public class PassCursorAdapter extends CursorAdapter {
public PassCursorAdapter(Context context, Cursor c) {
super(context, c,0);
}
@Override
public View newView(Context context, Cursor cursor, ViewGroup parent) {
return LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.item_todo,parent,false);
}
@Override
public void bindView(View view, Context context, Cursor cursor) {
TextView textID = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView6);
TextView textName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView3);
TextView textUser = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView4);
TextView textPass = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.textView5);
int idColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(PassDBHelper.COLUMN_ID);
int nameColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_NAME);
int userColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_USERNAME);
int passColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_PASSWORD);
String id = cursor.getString(idColumnIndex);
String name = cursor.getString(nameColumnIndex);
String user = cursor.getString(userColumnIndex);
String pass = cursor.getString(passColumnIndex);
textID.setText(id);
textName.setText(name);
textUser.setText(user);
textPass.setText(pass);
}
}
In the newView method you are returning the layout file. This is how your List View layout file will be with 4 Text Views. In the End there is the method bindView where you set the id's.
Now to display the database you need to get the data from the sq-lite database as follows:
private void displayDataBaseInfo() {
PassDBHelper passDBHelper = new PassDBHelper(this);
SQLiteDatabase db = passDBHelper.getReadableDatabase();
String [] columns = {
PassDBHelper.COLUMN_ID,
PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_NAME,
PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_USERNAME,
PassDBHelper.PASS_COLUMN_PASSWORD
} ;
Cursor cursor = db.query(PassDBHelper.TABLE_NAME,columns,null,null,null,null,null);
ListView listView = (ListView)findViewById(R.id.list);
PassCursorAdapter passCursorAdapter = new PassCursorAdapter(this,cursor);
listView.setAdapter(passCursorAdapter);
}//displayDatabaseInfo
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
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More Breaking Now! The hot scoop Articles
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Posted Feb 19th, 2012
The Daytona SpeedWeeks story so far: too many bad crashes, like this one involving Jeff Gordon. That's the remains of his car in the middle of this emergency scene (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
After Saturday night's carnage in the SpeedWeeks kickoff Shootout, Sunday afternoon at Daytona was much calmer, for which drivers were much relieved.
To be perfectly blunt about it, 'pack racing' is much more dangerous than last season's two-car packs, and these cars are much more unstable. That is the overwhelming story here right now, that and how drivers deal with that….not so well so far, to judge the Shootout.
At least 22 cars so far have been seriously damaged or completely destroyed in crashes in the first two days of action. Team owner Rick Hendrick watched all four of his men wipe out Saturday night, and fellow team owner Roger Penske, who has only two drivers, has already watch them destroy four cars.
And that was the setting for Sunday's Daytona 500 pole runs.
Regardless of how important or unimportant qualifying is here now – and nearly three hours of single-car runs isn't very thrilling – Carl Edwards says it's still cool to have the fastest car in town, and to show it off.
Sunday Edwards showed he isn't letting the heartbreaking finish to last season keep him down.
And teammate Greg Biffle isn't letting last year's winless run keep him down either.
Edwards and Biffle made it an all-Ford front row for next weekend's NASCAR season opening Daytona 500, a race Edwards hopes can be a springboard to another great year on the stock car tour, and perhaps his first Sprint Cup title.
Carl Edwards, on the Daytona 500 pole, and picking right up where he left off 2011 -- kicking butt. Fords are HOT (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
The power shown here by Jack Roush's Ford teams lately – Trevor Bayne won a year ago for Ford, and David Ragan won here last July – could portend a change in dominance at this track, from long-dominant Chevrolet to suddenly powerful Ford.
Chevy's Dale Earnhardt Jr., on the Ford resurgence: "They definitely have found some speed over the off-season in their Daytona package for sure."
Teammate Jeff Gordon agreed: "The Fords obviously brought something pretty special."
"It is a bit surprising," third teammate Jimmie Johnson added. "Those (Ford) guys have not had the fastest plate stuff in qualifying. They all race very well, but you don't think of the Roush cars as contenders for the pole. But they've got a lot of speed."
Just what the change in fortunes may be attributed to isn't clear. But Ford's new FR9 engine, with its excellent cooling characteristics, is certainly a player, particularly now that NASCAR has even more rules in place to force engines to overheat – a ploy the sanctioning body figures may keep drivers from teaming up in two-man drafts.
Checking how the four brands fared:
Ford has four of five fastest Daytona 500 cars, and six of the top nine.
Chevrolet's Earnhardt was that marque's fastest, third overall. Richard Childress' four men were not very stout, though.
Toyota had just two of the top-20 (Martin Truex Jr. and Mark Martin). Denny Hamlin was noticeably off the pace (37th), after a not so impressive run in the Shootout.
Dodge showed little punch, only two in the top-20 (AJ Allmendinger and Brad Keselowski).
The Daytona 500 front row: Carl Edwards (99) and teammate Greg Biffle (16), as team owner Jack Roush (center, with the hat) orchestrates victory lane (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
On the Danica Patrick front, the highly touted Cup rookie was 29th fastest in qualifying for her Sprint Cup debut. That will put her in the ninth row for Thursday's first 150-mile qualifying heat.
Only the two front row spots were set Sunday. The rest of the 500 grid will be set after Thursday's twin 150s. Last year's top-35 team owners are locked into 500 start spots; that top-35 rule, and some dealings, have guaranteed Patrick a spot in the 500 regardless of how well she does Thursday.
And Patrick may have her hands full in her 150, which features Edwards, Earnhardt, Marcos Ambrose, Stewart, Paul Menard, Brad Keselowski, Kevin Harvick and Jeff Burton.
Saturday night's crash-fest Shootout was the first race under the new rules, which include a ban on most radio communication and an aerodynamic package that makes cars much looser entering the corners. Drivers in the Shootout appeared to be seriously abusing the 'loose' problems rivals had, triggering big crashes. In fact some here are wondering if NASCAR should try – again – to ban drivers from pushing each other, a rule that ARCA enforces here.
Gordon took Saturday's hardest ride: "I'm pretty amazed how I feel today considering."
On Danica Patrick overload yet? Just stay tuned. (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
It's always nice to be fast, really nice to be the fastest….but considering the Shootout, it really didn't seem to matter how fast or how slow a car was: everybody was crashing.
So, other than marketing, why does this pole matter? "Good question," Edwards says. "But it's a sign of the strength of your team. It says a lot."
Another question: what's the incentive to running hard in Thursday's 150-mile qualifiers?
In fact Edwards wasn't alone in his race strategy at the plate tracks last year – to lag far in the back for most of the race and wait till the end to make a charge. That is likely to be a significant factor here for many drivers again.
Rival team owner Richard Childress last fall at Talladega took aim at drivers thus 'pacing' themselves and insisted his teams don't come to Daytona and Talladega to play rope-a-dope but to go to the front…even though a crash while up front might well have cost Kevin Harvick a shot at the championship.
And Roush indicated he wanted his men to go to the front here. Biffle said that was the game plan.
Gordon says "You've still got to survive and play it smart but yet you've got to be aggressive. I feel if you're up front, you have a little better shot of staying up there."
And Edwards? "I just do what I'm told," he said with a smile.
"I don't know if there's any safe place on the track, with this type of racing.
"But my teammate will be right up there with me, so we won't have to find each other."
Of course how well anyone will be able to communicate, with NASCAR's no no-radio rule, is up for review.
And Tony Stewart says two cars are still faster than many: "You can almost guarantee that it's going to be a tandem that's going to win the thing.
"But to know about the rest of it, it's hard to anticipate."
Dale Earnhardt Jr. - ready to win again? Wonder if there is anything growing in that beard (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
For Edwards, this race may mean more than it does for others…because he was by far the best overall racer over the tour's 36-race run in 2011, but still lost the championship (in an historic tie-breaker) to Tony Stewart.
And Edwards, remember, started that run right here, with a stirring performance in the Daytona 500, losing by a nose to fellow Ford driver Trevor Bayne.
This time here Edwards appears to have clearly the fastest car in the field….though with pack-drafting back in vogue, and with multi-car crashes already headlining SpeedWeeks, speed alone probably won't win this one.
And getting the season off to a good start could be important for renewed self-confidence
Edwards' 194.738 mph run was barely a car-length better around this 2.5-mile track than Biffle. And it was the fastest pole run here since 1999's 195.067.
However visions of a 200-mph pole at Daytona International Speedway faded early on. The switch to electronic fuel injection was expected to be accompanied by a surge in speed – somewhat choreographed that way, to be honest.
That magic mark of 200 hasn't been topped since Bill Elliott's still amazing 210.364 in 1987, just before the Bobby Allison crash at Talladega that triggered the current restrictor plate era.
Still Edwards was some eight miles an hour quicker than Earnhardt's pole-winning 186 here a year ago.
On the penalty front, Clint Bowyer will have to start his Thursday 150 from last place, after his left-front fender was too low in post-qualifying runs. "I don't know if we got something stuck in the bleed hole in the shock or what, but it just didn't come back up," Scott Miller, competition director, said.
NASCAR indicated there would be no further penalties.
Teams and drivers are having to deal with several new issues – the lower downforce on the rear of the car, higher engine temperatures (by NASCAR design), and a change in a car's aerodynamic balance – and Saturday's Shootout showed they have quite a ways to go.
The cars are now considerably more unstable, particularly at the end of the straights. Trailing drivers are still racing blind, and when the car just ahead has to make a quick evasive move – as, say, Kurt Busch had to do in his incident Friday evening with Stewart – the new winds around these cars can lead to disaster.
On top of that, there are new issues perhaps with the 'side-draft,' which is typically an important racing tactic here.
Those are key issues for Edwards and engineer Chip Bolin, who is filling in for Edwards' regular crew chief Bob Osborne, who is dealing with the death of his father.
Drivers were remarkably aggressive in the Shootout, and Earnhardt issued what sounds like a warning: "I feel we will be competitive and should be able to be on the offense more than on the defense. That is what you want as a driver out there -- making passes."
Engine temperatures are being closely watched, and some drivers are worried.
Roush says "We decided 250 degrees water is all we recommend. It's down substantially from what we had before NASCAR got involved with the number of things that they required as limitations in the system.
"The bar has been lowered with what the tolerance is for temperature for the engine, and I think everybody understands what the impact of that is."
However, drivers in the heat of battle might not back off quite enough when the temperature warning light turns red, and blown head gaskets or worse are then likely.
The remains of Jeff Gordon's Chevy. Too many bad crashes so far here at Daytona (Photo: Getty Images for NASCAR)
Notice what brands of cars
Submitted by terry on Mon 02/20/2012 - 13:43.
Notice what brands of cars have been overheating. Now Nascar is rethinking how to stop this problem for that manufactor and it is NOT Ford. Very few Fords were venting fluids during qualifying. This tells me that Chevy just needs to do their homework like Ford has. Nascar wants it fair across the board as long as Chevy wins. especially the restrictor plate tracks. just check the record over the last 15 to 20 years. Last year was a fluke for Ford. Woods Brothers caught everyone by surprise. It will not happen this year, that is for sure. My pick of course is the #88. Take past history to the bank. It just adds up.
I'm liking your pick for the
Submitted by Mike on Mon 02/20/2012 - 15:41.
I'm liking your pick for the 500. i've talked with steve letarte and with Junior, and RickH, and I've looked at the competition, and checked out as much as i can. and Junior looks solid. how about junior versus kyle busch coming off turn four the last lap? how might that go?
and engine overheating....good observation. caught me napping. i need to get up and check it out. thanks.
Sorry, not buying Junior
Submitted by Michael Daly on Tue 02/21/2012 - 17:01.
Sorry, not buying Junior here. He ran okay in the Shootout but then wrecked again.
My pick for the 500 is a tossup between Kyle Busch and another darkhorse - impressed by Ambrose in the Shootout, but hoping Almirola's #43 is the one that goes for the win.
Great observations about who's overheating and who isn't.
your so right as history
Submitted by nascaroots on Mon 02/20/2012 - 15:56.
your so right as history shows if chevy wins its all good but if ford wins its rulechange time. chevy won what 15 daytona races straight with no changes then dale jarett wins in 2000 and imediate rulechange then chevy wins 13 more straight with no change then trevor wins in 2011 and here we are brand new rules for daytona. trevor might have gotten a fluke win but remember who pushed him to that win in a ford. | {
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Полтавка — село в Октябрському районі Приморського краю. Входить до Новогеоргіївського сільського поселення.
Географія
Село Полтавка розташоване між річками Гранітна та Раздольна.
Відстань автошляхами до Новогеоргіївки (на захід) близько 6 км, відстань до районного центру села Покровка близько 31 км.
Дорога до села Полтавка йде на північний захід від села Покровка по лівому березі річки Роздольна через села Синельникове-1, Чернятин, від Новогеоргіївки по мосту через річку Раздольна.
Від автодороги між селами Новогеоргіївка та Полтавка на південь йде дорога до села Костянтинівка.
Економіка
Жителі займаються сільським господарством.
Полтавка розташована в прикордонній зоні, до кордону з Китаєм близько 2 км, діє пункт пропуску через державний кордон, митниця.
Примітки
Посилання
Офіційний сайт Октябрського району Приморського краю
Полтавка (Приморський край)
Населені пункти, засновані 1880
Українські поселення Приморського краю
Села Приморського краю
Октябрський район (Приморський край) | {
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Clifford Chambers är en by i Clifford Chambers and Milcote, Stratford-on-Avon i Warwickshire i England. Clifford Chambers var en civil parish fram till 2004 när blev den en del av Clifford Chambers and Milcote. Parish har 418 invånare (2001). Byn nämndes i Domedagsboken (Domesday Book) år 1086, och kallades då Clifort.
Referenser
Externa länkar
Orter i Warwickshire
Tidigare civil parishes i Warwickshire
Domesday Book | {
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Competition in the outpatient imaging center market is intense. New imaging centers are springing up everywhere. Faced with decreasing reimbursements, ever-changing technology and the expectation of spa-like atmospheres, how can an outpatient imaging center remain profitable? The answer lies with the customer.
Having a pulse on the customer experience and continually eliciting and acting on customer feedback is the way to win. If physicians and patients are happy with the service they receive, they will come back. One northern California hospital that operates multiple imaging centers created a program to listen to their customer feedback and develop a roadmap for improvement.
The hospital began its efforts at an outpatient facility in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. With three competitors located within 10 miles, this facility's management knew it had to act quickly to gain customer loyalty. To learn about their strengths and weaknesses, the technologists headed out to the lobby to chat with patients, the medical assistants talked to the physician office managers, and the radiologists talked to referring physicians.
A laundry list of improvement ideas was forming, but one central theme was voiced repeatedly – decrease report turnaround time (TAT). Physicians wanted to be able to diagnose their patients sooner; and patients wanted to know the status of their health as soon as possible.
The objective was clear, but how to get there was not as evident. The center's leadership decided to utilize the Six Sigma toolkit and the DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) process to determine the root causes for current turnaround times. Data would pinpoint the necessary improvements and drive management decisions.
During the Define phase, project team members were identified, a project goal was agreed upon and all of the steps in the report turnaround process were mapped (Figure 1). The common industry standard at the time of the project was a 24-hour turnaround, so the team set its sights on meeting or exceeding that standard. As the team took a step back and observed the process, it realized that issues from scheduling all the way to report delivery were having an impact on the report TAT. But team members also determined that some process steps were under their control (as indicated by the red box in Figure 1). The team could make rapid changes to these steps without affecting other departments.
With the goal set (a 24-hour turnaround), the team's next step was to determine the starting point. Data was collected and the current average turnaround at the center was calculated to be 64 hours – many hours away from the goal.
When technicians completed scans, they pushed the images to PACS (picture archiving and communications system) but often forgot to close out the exam in the RIS. The problem with missing this step was twofold: 1) the report could not be sent out and 2) the facility would not be reimbursed. The technicians did not fully understand the importance of the step and therefore they discounted it. Through RIS training and process education, the team highlighted the importance of the step and began to see a change in behavior. To help sustain the progress, a report was developed to highlight missing RIS data. With the report, defects can be identified quickly and fixed in a timely manner.
The transition from dictation to transcription to signature was causing reports to sit for hours. The transcription team was overloaded and took scans on a first-come-first-served basis. When transcription was complete, the report went back to the radiologist for signature. Then radiologists had to re-familiarize themselves with the case before signing off. There were long wait times at every transition in the process. With strong support from the chief radiologist, the facility implemented new software so radiologists could dictate, verify and sign off on reports within minutes, thus eliminating transcription.
As with any new process, there were growing pains (Figure 2). The early adopters had to learn the new software, work with the voice recognition, and sell the new process to their fellow radiologists. Even though this was a difficult transition, the impact on report wait time was significant.
When the new software for radiologists was implemented, the final issue became evident. Reports were signed and ready to go, but they were not being faxed immediately to physicians. The system had been set up to fax all reports during a nightly run starting at 6 p.m. Making changes to the delivery protocols was not as easy as flipping a switch. To be considered were compliance with the U.S. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, system capability, physician preferences and the effect of interruptions of physicians' office faxes during business hours. All these had to be addressed to make the change work. With much effort and coordination, the team worked through the issues one by one and now reports are sent out immediately after signature.
After months of implementation, the team was feeling the impact. Physicians were happy. Patients were happy. The team had moved the metric from an average of 64 hours, to an average of 9 hours (Figure 3). This equated to an 85 percent improvement, far surpassing the goal that the team had set.
Sustaining change is often the hardest part of any improvement project. Success requires solid metrics to drive behavior, visibility of progress and strong leadership support. All of these are in place at this Bay Area outpatient imaging center. Three months after the project, the director of the facility said, "We have continued to get great feedback from the physicians. Physicians are now wondering why they do not get the same turnaround from some of our other facilities." The challenge now for this facility is to transfer what it learned to the organization's other outpatient sites, and at the same time to continue to listen and act on the feedback from its customers.
Nice example of batch and queue not being good for the process. | {
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Rose is the co-founder and CEO of Six Foods, a company that makes healthy, delicious, and sustainable foods with insects. She is a Forbes 30 under 30 social entrepreneur, ELLE USA Impact Award winner, Echoing Green climate fellow, MassChallenge Gold Winner, Harvard Dean's Design Challenge winner, and TEDx speaker. Rose worked in strategy and marketing at Abercrombie and Microsoft. In college, Rose managed HSA Cleaners and The Harvard Shop through Harvard Student Agencies, managing an annual budget of $1.5M. She also has a passion for education and sits on the board of an education non-profit, Wema Inc., in Kenya. Rose is a graduate of Harvard College and plans to matriculate to Harvard Business School in 2018 as a part of the 2+2 program.
My co-founder Laura ate a fried caterpillar when she studied abroad in Tanzania and it was love at first bite! When she came back to the US, she started researching why people were eating insects in Tanzania and not in the US. That's when we discovered that insects are one of the most sustainable protein sources available. For example, it takes 2000 gallons of water to produce 1 lb of beef, but it only takes 1 gallon of water to make 1 lb of crickets. Plus, crickets have more protein and 33% less fat than beef! That's when we started our mission to get Americans excited about eating bugs!
Since, we are one of the first foods made from bugs, we get to help set industry trends! One of the biggest industry trends is replacing whey protein with cricket protein. There are cricket protein bars, cricket cookies, and our own cricket chips.
Our biggest challenge is pioneering the industry and getting people over their fears of eating bugs! However, that's also the opportunity. Industry reports show that 33%-50% of Americans want to eat bugs, and we are having a hard time keeping up with the demand.
We want to be THE bug food company that paves way for a number of insect food products to show people the possibilities! Noma, the best restaurant in the world, has been experimenting with ants for the last seven years. We are barely skimming the surface with insects in the culinary world, and chefs and food producers alike are so excited that there are over 2,000 varieties of edible insects to play with.
You can try the world's first ever cricket chip by going here or here or checking our store locator to see if we're right next door!
In the first year, every one told us that we were crazy! No investor wanted to invest in us, no manufacturer wanted to make cricket chips, and even the health department wouldn't let us use crickets as a food. Two years later, we were on Shark Tank, got an investment from Mark Cuban, Forbes 30 under 30 for social entrepreneurship, Echoing Green fellows, and we can't keep up with demand. In the end, listen to your market. Despite our difficulties in the beginning, we were one of the most funded food Kickstarters and consumers were so excited about Chirps. We pushed through the naysayers because we believed we were onto something revolutionary.
People just want to be seen and heard, and I do my best to see and hear them.
Grow strategically and be smart with your money. | {
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Home Videos Literature
Follow Claire Bloom, Anthony Quinn, and Tennessee Williams behind the scenes of a theatrical production
This 1976 film presents a behind-the-scenes look at the production of Tennessee Williams's...
Article media libraries that feature this video: Claire Bloom, theatrical production, Tennessee Williams, Anthony Quinn
WILLIAMS: Our celebration, as you can see, celebrated my 64th birthday last month, and I'm working on a new play, "The Red Devil Battery Sign." The stars are Anthony Quinn and Claire Bloom, the director, Ed Sherin, and a great favorite of mine, the Mexican actress Katy Jurado. The first day when the cast assembles for a new production is always an exciting one.
MAN: Quiet, please.
WOMAN: Quiet, keep quiet. Thank you.
MAN: You must have a signed contract and have paid current dues before reporting for rehearsal. As an equity member you cannot waive minimum requirements of the contract. The duties of the actors: pay strict regards to make-up and dress, perform services as reasonably directed to one's best ability, and abide by all reasonable rules and regulations of the manager not to conflict with equity rules.
QUINN: . . . with Tennessee Williams, because he is. I consider him the greatest American playwright of, oh, maybe all times, certainly this century. That, as I say, he's breaking new grounds, and it's very exciting to be in on breaking new grounds and breaking new trails.
WILLIAMS: New Orleans was the first place I went to in America when I really felt free. There was more of an old Greenwich Village quality about the Quarter in those days. I lived, uh, right around the corner from Royal Street, which the streetcar named Desire ran down. Yes, there was an actual streetcar by that name. There was a great deal of fermentation about the theater in the period just after World War II. I was young, and that had a great deal to do with the outburst of plays at that time. I had all of these plays pent up inside of me . . . "Streetcar," "The Glass Menagerie," "Cat on a Hot Tin Roof." Now a lot of that has been spent, of course, but there's been a period of accumulation. I think most writers prefer a non-urban background for writing because it's less distracting. New Orleans isn't exactly rural, but as you see, I have a very quiet surrounding here. A play evolves slowly. The first draft is just--just fumbling around, exploring the territory, you know. And then the second draft you've got a pretty good idea of where you're going. It's only into the third draft that you're--that you're beginning to fit it all together, get it together, properly in proportion and you know, going into the polishing business. Sometimes there's a fourth and fifth draft.
So I'm going back to New York to watch a new play evolve, "The Red Devil Battery Sign." I expect that I will be making many changes in "Red Devil" as it's rehearsed and even after it's been performed. The action of "The Red Devil Battery Sign" takes place in Dallas, Texas, just after the John Kennedy assassination. Anthony Quinn plays King, the leader of a mariachi band, and he becomes involved in a love affair with Claire Bloom, a woman, he meets her downtown hotel. She's simply identified in the play as the Woman Downtown, there being circumstances making it impossible for her to reveal her true name. There's another love story, a young one, going on between Quinn's daughter La Nina, played by Annette Cordona, and a man from Chicago, Terry McCabe. He's played by a fabulous young actor, Steven McHattie.
MCHATTIE: "What more do you want to know? I went out nights alone, sat alone at bars, then once, in this room, where La Nina . . ."
SHERIN: "Then once . . ."
MC: "Then once, the room," oh, "I went out nights alone, sat alone at bars, then once, the room where La Nina, I never heard of her before--before the idea existed, but then she performed there . . ."
SHERIN: See, one of the problems is that they've got to believe that you have the power to take over the joint. The actors are just beginning to contact the work in a personal and nonverbal way. By that I mean they're beginning to experience a set of Tennessee's feelings and are beginning to behave in ways that even surprise them, in nonintellectual ways.
BLOOM: "King, King . . ."
QUINN: "No, love, I tried, I'm trying to speak."
B: "Can you still breathe?"
Q: "Yes, still breathing. I started to come downtown, but only got to the drugstore on the corner."
B: "That's alright. I'll come there in a cab. Barman, call me a cab, quick!" Now cut here. "Call the cab." I want a 9 to 5 cut.
SHERIN: That's right, right!
B: "Now give me the address. The address! I'll come and get you."
Q: "Now just listen. I've called to tell you good-bye."
B: "I'm going to miss . . ."
SHERIN: Not at all . . . You've got to use that. Don't take all those--those--those are memories that are wonderful. Give him the shock treatment. Pull him back into reality!
Q: "A woman like you falls out of decency down so deep that she's finally just an unidentified body."
B: "My body was never identified by anyone but you, and without you will never be identified again."
SHERIN: There we go . . .
WILLIAMS: It was Elia Kazan who said to me once, "You must never speak to actors." I once said something to an actress that made her cry, and she cried for so long that he said, "Oh Tennessee, you must never again speak to an actor," and I never do, directly. I always speak just to the director and hope that he will convey my impression, if it is a very strong one, to the actors.
Sometimes you'll find a director who manages to intimidate the playwright. It's very easy to do that. But fortunately I have one that wants me to participate.
SHERIN: You can take off your coat, it's awful hot. The--the, see, one of the--can we have quiet in the room, please? One of the problems has been to make "The Red Devil Battery" a palpable force--a meaningful force people--that people could connect to the possible conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy, that they could connect to international cartels.
B: Yes, why not?
SHERIN: Alright?
B: Go ahead.
WILLIAMS: I think I'm more of a social writer than Mr. Miller, which would surprise him a great deal. He's more of a polemicist. But I think I have more deeply rooted social beliefs than most directors I know.
B: "I thought he made some disgustingly common remarks that were a betrayal of porkchop intelligence; pigs and porkers overrun the world. They're all programmed for killing, equipped for it, not for life giving."
SHERIN: Right, but the--the speech that begins, "Something in me."
B: Yes.
SHERIN: Now the whole notion of "Something in me is dead" is really where I think Tennessee feels is--is--is the--the moral tenor of the world.
WILLIAMS: I think I do have a tendency to pursue basic themes, the position of the sensitive, contraposed to the--the brutal, you know, in life. Southern people are much more emotional and therefore more useful to a playwright who writes emotionally. That's one of the reasons why I use Mexican characters in the play.
JURADO: "I worked, didn't I work?"
CORDONA: "Yeah, never till he fell!"
J: "Oh, you see what was work for me, too! The travel, the packing, and I have no applause for it. Nobody shouts at me bravo, no one calls me ole."
C: "Now you're admitting it, now you're confessing it!"
J: "I tell you like it was!"
C: "Not facing me with your eyes."
J: Excuse me. This could happen on the, in the stage. I'll be alright. Okay.
SHERIN: Do you want to start again?
J: Do you want to pick it up right here?
C: Yes. "Now you're confessing it, you're admitting it now!"
J: "Now with eyes I face you. Signs, there were signs. While I worked he worked a crossword puzzle. And at the supper he's still working the puzzle." Ai! Eso me fue. Que error!
C: We're only doing it.
J: Excuse me!
SHERIN: Do you want to start from the beginning? Yeah, let's start from the beginning. Well, I can understand it. I don't like it, but I understand it.
C: Ready?
SHERIN: Action.
C: "Mama, you are lying to me. Puras mentiras. There had to be signs, something you noticed!"
J: "I worked, didn't I work?"
C: "Yeah, never till he fell."
J: "I tell you like it was."
J: "Now with eyes I face you. Signs, there were signs. While I worked, he worked a crossword puzzle. And when I come to make supper, he's still working the puzzle. And after dinner, the fork would slip from his fingers."
C: "Then it's too late to fight over what's left of him, now. At least you've admitted the truth."
SHERIN: That's very nice.
J: Gracias.
SHERIN: . . . one of the good things . . . But it is good . . . it's improved immensely--immensely, your passion was always there.
WILLIAMS: The director, Ed Sherin, went to California to find a suitable actress for the part of King's daughter.
CORDONA: One of the reasons I agreed to do this show and come from Los Angeles, not only because of the opportunity of working on--on a Broadway stage eventually, was because I had never done an acting role that was so demanding, and I thought, "What an opportunity to be directed," meaning someone will find things in me that no one's been able to find before and that I surely can't do by myself. You know? Coming from a lot of musicals, I knew the potential was there. I just wanted someone to help me bring it out. I come from 15 years of dancing and have performed for many audiences and many types of audiences, different cultures, so right there I'm able to express a lot of love and communication, which I use in this part. And I use that because if I had just come out to do a dance, let's say, it wouldn't of made any sense in this show. I could have danced 50 turns and fabulous but it wouldn't make any sense to the story, and no one would appreciate it.
WOMAN: Great! Great!
[Music in]
WILLIAMS: One of the coproducers of the play, Robert Colby, is also the musical director. He works for Sidney Lippman, the composer.
MAN: This is Anthony Quinn's theme that's used in "The Red Devil Battery Sign" [music out]. When I was very young, I lived in the French Quarter in New Orleans for a bit, and I met Tennessee Williams, just to say hello. But I didn't realize that at that moment he was writing "A Streetcar Named Desire." And just last year, I was in London producing a play, and I was asked to help with the music to, for the production that Claire Bloom, who's in our play, was doing "A Streetcar." And I told Claire Bloom that and Claire Bloom said "my goodness, move over a little closer, it's like knowing somebody was there when Shakespeare wrote something."
QUINN: Williams has a fantastic ear. He has--he has rhythms, I mean, he has the modern rhythm . . . for instance, the last one that had that kind of rhythm was Clifford Odets, when he was writing back in 1936, 1937. He had the American rhythm at--at that time. And then, for a while, I think that Arthur Miller had the modern rhythm of the 40s and early 50s. I think Williams has gone on. I've known Tennessee Williams since 1945, and I find that he's kept up. And the magnificent thing to deal with Williams and the thing that you have to find is the rhythm of his language and to be true to it. Once you drop away from the rhythm of Tennessee, you're in trouble. And I notice that when one tries to ad lib, because you feel that a piece of mucilage is missing, your language is never as good as Tennessee's.
B: "King, King . . ."
Q: "Love, I'm--I'm--I'm trying to speak . . ."
B: "Why I hear your breath? Tonight I won't say one word that isn't right for a lady to say, I swear. We have to go, but we have to go together."
Q: "Love, I--I--I can't make it downtown."
B: "Oh, but you can, and you will."
Q: "The drugstore man has called the ambulance. They're coming to take me away. To drill through my skull, to cut at the flower, to prune it. And what will be left? An imbecile."
B: "Don't you hang up on me. Don't you dare hang up on me. I'll take you to my room at the Yellow Rose. I'll be an unidentified female body mutilated beyond recognition back of a truck in an alley if you don't tell me where . . ."
Q: "Good-bye love, much--much love."
SHERIN: I'm really pleased. I think we're ready to go on with the play.
WILLIAMS: This is the Boston try out, the first public performance of "Red Devil Battery Sign." An opening on the road enables the writer to measure the pace of the play, and it gives the actors a chance to feel the reactions of a live audience. It's a time of testing for everyone.
[Music, chatter]
WILLIAMS: I think if they're good actors, they rise above the ego, you know, when they're on stage. They're--they're conscious of a--a concerted effort to hold that audience out there.
Q: Well, this is the old bullfighter . . .
MAN: Okay.
Q: Bullfighters do this. A bullfighter, when he comes out into the ring, if he can spit, he's not going to be good that day. Because bullfighters are only good when they're scared. My expression of scared means that I have a sense of responsibility. Not that I'm--not that I'm frightened, I'm not frightened of success or failure. I think that the fear will transfer itself into a feeling of being concerned.
". . . armed. I'm armed. You're armed. Come on, come on, talk!"
MC: "Look, can't we all just sit down without a knife pointed at me. Can't we all just sit down?"
Q: "There's no room. No room in the room. Just standing room only, with La Nina singing. Presenting the star!"
J: "You think it was no work for me, too? The trouble, the packing. And I have no applause for it. Nobody shouts at me bravo, no one calls me ole."
C: "Now you're confessing. Now you're admitting it now!"
J: "Now with eyes I face you. Signs, there were signs. While I worked, he worked at the crossword puzzle. And when I come home to make supper, he's still working the puzzle."
B: "He's hung up! He took so long to call me. He's hung up! King! King!"
Q: "I'm trying, I'm--I'm trying."
[Applause]
WOMAN: Like anyone who loves theater, thank God Tennessee Williams wrote another play--one of our few living dramatic geniuses. And "The Red Devil Battery Sign," playing at the Shubert--like most of his plays--is too dense, too complex to explain in simple terms, especially when it still needs pruning and internal deciphering of its own circles and symbols. But after so much dramatic dribble, I'll take premature impressions to substance anytime. He takes on two fabrics of Texas through a woman called "Downtown Woman" who mumbles on and on and on and on about the Kennedy assassination, surveillance plots and hence of her own involvement with industrial and political maniacal powers. But with Claire Bloom in the role, she is too much the poet when she needs to be the predator. Bloom, a fine actress, is trapped by too many words, too much melodrama. Her human object is King, a band leader dying of a brain tumor. Anthony Quinn is brilliant, and Broadway has a new star in Annette Cordona, who plays his daughter [music]. For the rest of the cast, Katy Jurado, the nagging wife, and Steven McHattie as McCabe, the daughter's lover, are just like sketches, mouthpieces for various sociological tirades. And the play does talk too much about everything. But it's beautifully dramatic in places. It's always interesting. It may be difficult but it is definitely the work of a great playwright. But it is a work in progress that needs more resolution.
J: And there's a lack in this play of a real atmosphere of what Mr. Tennessee Williams wants in this play. The audience they don't know how much we suffered tonight, suffered in a way. Tonight we're here, not celebrating, no, to come here just to relax a little. Because we have month and a half without one day of a free day, Sunday or Saturday. Even the Bible says you have to have one day. Actors have no one day free.
SHERIN: We have just opened Wednesday night. This is Sunday of our first half week. To be a little humane to ourselves and realize that. And I have to remind myself of that because I'm under a lot of pressure from different quarters to make it work. It's a time of--of a need for patience and understanding, even compassion. It's important, not only on the part of the director for the actors, but on the part of each actor for each other. We have to examine openly and without fear and without defensiveness everything we are doing in the play and every direction that you've been given by me. And, if--if the period is moved through successfully, it's a time when great love can be established between the actors, the directors . . .
MC: Da-da-da-da-dum! Yes! The microcosmos!
SHERIN: I know, this is heavy and it's true and that's what it is. It is a microcosmos.
MC: It's not the idea I'm objecting. It's the word. It's saying "microcosmos."
SHERIN: The microcosmos is the small world.
MC: I'm--I'm familiar with the word . . .
SHERIN: I understand that.
MC: I mean, idea.
SHERIN: But, I mean, how else? But do you feel that Terry McCabe would say "microcosmos"? If he understands the issue?
MC: Not without people in the audience laughing, it's . . .
SHERIN: I haven't heard any laughter . . .
MC: Well, I have.
SHERIN: . . . and I've been in the middle of the audience, or maybe it's because you're backing off from it. Maybe you're saying, well here it comes. Da-da-da-da-da-dum. Microcosmos. Now, Mac, you've got to give yourself a chance to get to that because that word has been a harbinger of bad feelings in you since the first time you spoke it. It takes a long time. Give it a chance. When the part deepens for you, the word will deepen for you. This is for Monday night's performance. Everything that goes down here is going to be played on Monday night.
Q: "Alright, stay. Man needed, not dead, but living in Crestview. Dump heap, world!"
MC: "Yes, a microcosmos."
WILLIAMS: If you believe in the play, you just keep working. Even as the performance continues, you keep rewriting and the actors keep rehearsing what you've re-written. I think you discover things that seem to work on the printed page are not working in the presence of an audience, even the very best audience that you want--that you could hope for. And then you adjust, you know, because you have to. When the writer makes adjustments on a play, he works closely with the director. The final scene, a death scene between Quinn and Bloom, is particularly important.
SHERIN: How does that sound?
WILLIAMS: Good. I think I got a good speech for her, there.
B: "A red devil jiggling a pitchfork to assert his dominion over the dignified silence of God."
Q: That's wonderful.
B: "Yes, I did say God, in whom my heart still so helplessly believes."
SHERIN: Alright, let's try it now.
B: "No, hold it. What is it now but a tacky neon sign stuck on top of the tallest building, a red devil jiggling a pitchfork to assert his dominion, which . . . no, it doesn't exist. That's just his cry of conquest. Accident: malign. Enemy flag elevated over the well-kept secrets of God. Yes, I did say God, in whom my heart still fervently believes. Did I ever tell him that? Tried. But tongue fails language. Only the eyes unhooded can still speak a little. When he looked in my eyes, objected to drunkenness of self-destruction and pity of self. So, obligation, responsibility to him, man, more than man, is for me to endure. Comforted by his King's Men, playing still."
SHERIN: It is possible for her, still keeping an emotional touch with his dead body, to move into the summary images that can end the play, to lift him up into a processional and to create her intense needs is to create two objects . . .
WILLIAMS: . . . they're fighting each other.
SHERIN: They're killing each other. There is no way. So what happened yesterday? She played the whole scene on her knees, so that the two objects were merged. And then what I perceived as possible is that the mariachi come over and just straighten the body out, and La Nina ends it with a savage flamenco dance, and then we bring the curtain down.
B: "Come! Come! No!"
MAN: "Lady, please."
C: I knew the potential was there, I just wanted someone to help me bring it out.
J: This play is great enough to do it again, and I hope to do it in my Mexico.
B: I feel exactly the same. I just pray that there's a chance for this play to be heard properly because it has some magnificent things to say.
Q: I think that Tennessee Williams has at his age and his state of his development given us a summation of his life in this play.
WILLIAMS: There's a certain magic in what happens in the immediate presence of the actor and the immediate presence of the audience. Things on screen can be edited out, but you can't edit a live performance. That gives it a certain unpredictable quality. And that sense of the spontaneous is to me the very essence of the experience we call theater.
[Music out] | {
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I was hoping to develop an article about the Vogue dance, also named the Performance dance which is a 20s transfer. However I heard that Madonna does a variation of this dance in their video for Vogue. This particular article revolves around Madonna's Vogue music video clip clip.
A key interior design tip that everyone ought to implement is going to be to be rid of any clutter or obstructions in front of your windows. Your windows allow natural light into space so anything in front of them is taking away this valuable light. Make certain that home gets equally as much natural light as easy enough.
Painting – house painting is a superb thing much more to support! Whether it's outside or inside, this is one that children typically find fun where they can participate in a great real job. Of course, they can also develop a good little bit of money!
When creating a budget, you might need to have any payment list. Some contractors require a deposit before task will also be started. Others might also require payments as the task progresses.
The written letter 'r' may show strong visual qualities. It resembles the frame in a pair of glasses, its two top points being the view. Many people whose eyes are a significant factor in their occupation, since painters, designers, hire top tier Painters and decorators london only (even graphologists), write this broad-structured letter. Additionally, it appears often in the writings of people that are considered fancy desks. The two top parts of the letter is clear as shoulders and the underside strokes as perhaps internet development or borrowed.
Wall Murals – one of these mural is normally more advanced when done in a nice home. Painters that perform type operate are generally more a good advanced artist than somebody could do an outside wall painting. That is just my opinion only because I regarding exterior wall murals as something more along the lines of sign painting or the artwork done around construction sites from a downtown determining.
Even a small modification with your kitchen will alter it from dull to dramatic! Now a day's a lot many people enjoy the thrill of remodeling. They simply love the associated with changing approach that a kitchen or even room seems to be. | {
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Dylan Palazzo
Press Start to Continue: mobile gaming
Dylan PalazzoArts April 30, 2014
There is a long, diverse list of games offered for every mobile device, and these following titles are great for quick bursts of personal playtime or partying with friends.
Press start to continue: the wild world of indie games
Every gamer has dreamt of creating their own game at least once. The thrill of creating a whole world from nothing or building dynamic characters and unique types of gameplay is endlessly appealing. Apart from those who went to school to achieve that goal, the rest of us became consumers of the games released by titanic companies and studios, such as Blizzard and Valve. But these businesses are not the sole proprietor of unique gaming experiences. The dreamers who decided to act on that desire to create band together and build inconceivable video games under the title of "indie games."
Press Start to Continue: Reaper of Souls, a gamer's dream
Dylan PalazzoArts March 31, 2014
Blizzard delivered the finale to "Diablo III" on March 25. The expansion, "Reaper of Souls" (RoS), closes out every bit of story that began in "Diablo III." Players return to the Pandemonium Fortress of "Diablo II" to fight the Angel of Death, Malthael, in order to bring an end to the rampant slaughter of man by the newly corrupt archangels. With fantastic storytelling and new skills, equipment, environments, enemies, game modes and playable classes, RoS succeeds in every facet required of a great expansion.
Press Start To Continue: Diablo III expansion aims to bring players back
Dylan PalazzoArts March 6, 2014 April 1, 2014
In May of 2012, Blizzard Entertainment released the third installment to the Diablo series. The hype for this game from both players and advertisers was overwhelming; finally gamers could revisit the dungeon crawling gear grinding experience that Diablo II so masterfully presented, but now with superior graphics and a better game engine. Blizzard even went so far as to innovate the classic auction house system to include real money, enabling players to turn their play time into dollars. Unfortunately, to the surprise of the majority of the fan and player base, the initial release of Diablo III was an epic failure.
Press Start to Continue: "Strife" is bound to become big
Dylan PalazzoArts February 24, 2014
Currently in closed beta (meaning apart from the rare open player weekends, an access key must be provided to you by the company in order to play), "Strife" already appears to have all the cornerstones that make a MOBA game popular, as well as its own unique game mechanics and features to set it apart from other titles in the genre.
Press Start to Continue: 2014's upcoming releases
Dylan PalazzoArts February 4, 2014
Just before the end of 2013, Sony's PlayStation 4, Microsoft's Xbox One and Nintendo's Wii U hit stores loaded with the newest technology and hardware to carry the future of gaming throughout the coming years. Those of us who were fortunate enough to grab one of these new consoles over winter break may be starting to feel apathetic towards these new systems due to a low number of popular franchise games. While it is to be expected that the most desired games do not release alongside their consoles, the wait between now and the big releases of this year will be well worth it. Here is the shortlist of what games to get excited about for this year.
Press Start to Continue: Games you want
Dylan PalazzoArts December 2, 2013
With the holiday season upon us, it is time to take a step back and look at the broad selection of games to gift, get and sink time into over the winter break. There have been hundreds of releases this year, not including the various bits of downloadable content (DLC) that have expanded popular titles.
Press Start to Continue: The newest generation of consoles
Dylan PalazzoArts November 17, 2013
With the holiday season rapidly approaching, it is important for video game consumers to know the key differences between this generation's new consoles. On Nov. 15, Sony released the PlayStation 4 in America, and by Nov. 29, it will be available worldwide. On this coming Friday, Nov. 22, Microsoft will release the Xbox One globally. | {
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Previous PostSkeletal animation experimentNext PostAnimation test, finally!
Voxelizing it would be a good answer for a question like: What happens to a sword as it is swung when the character is facing south? It would have depth in that case and wouldn't be a problem. | {
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package views.acquire
object EnterAddressManually {
final val NextId = "next"
final val BackId = "back"
final val PostcodeId = "postcode"
}
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How much does a Financial Software Developer make in London, UK?
The average salary for a Financial Software Developer is £41,924 in London, UK. Salaries estimates are based on 42 salaries submitted anonymously to Glassdoor by Financial Software Developer employees in London, UK. | {
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What Was the Reason of John Madden's Death?
Does Anyone Know If John Madden Is Still Alive? John Madden played for the NFL, coached the team, and called games as a commentator (NFL). On April 10, 1936, John Madden entered the world in Austin, Minnesota. Even though he may be dead, his legacy lives on in the minds of his devoted followers, who wonder frequently if John Madden is still around. Learn if John Madden is alive or dead by reading this article.
Who Was John Madden?
In the National Football League, John Madden held many roles as a player, coach, and commentator (NFL). From 1969 through 1978, this American coach was in charge of the Oakland Raiders. John joined the broadcast team for ABC's Monday Night Football as a color commentator in 2002. He works with Al Michaels, who handles play-by-play. According to reports, John Madden's annual salary was $5 million. John's perfect record as a head coach in the NFL gives him the highest winning percentage of any coach with at least 100 wins.
John Madden's Cause of Death
John Madden, who had a Hall of Fame career as a coach and broadcaster, went away at the age of 85. He was the most famous figure in NFL annals.
John Madden, a legendary coach, and commentator in the sport of football passed away on March 17 at the age of 85. Madden won a Super Bowl with the Oakland Raiders and entertained NFL fans for almost 30 years as a groundbreaking broadcaster.
John Madden, an NFL legend, passed away at the age of 85.
This past Tuesday morning, Madden went away suddenly. There has been no word on the cause of his death.
All of his broadcasts were infused with his trademark catchphrases and enthusiasm as he explained the game in simple terms. During the 1960s and 1970s, he also spent a decade as the head coach of the Oakland Raiders, leading them to a combined 103-32-7 record during that time. His.759 winning % is still the highest of any head coach who has overseen more than 100 games.
Madden was not only a media legend in the realm of sports, but he was also a household name everywhere thanks to his role as the spokesperson for one of the most influential video games of all time. Since the debut of the first "John Madden Football" in 1988, new installments of the "Madden" series have been produced annually.
When it came to football, Madden was an innovator. He witnessed football's meteoric rise to the status of the nation's most beloved spectator sport and the National Football League's emergence as a global powerhouse.
Fox released a documentary about John Madden, who is irreplaceable, on Christmas Day. As of the new year, "All Madden" may be viewed on ESPN+, Tubi, and Peacock, among others.
Is John Madden Still Alive?
Sadly, John Madden has passed away and is no longer with us. On April 10, 1936, John Madden entered the world in Austin, Minnesota. When he passed away, he had reached the age of 85. John Madden's full name was John Earl Madden. Together, John Madden and John Robinson went to Our Lady of Perpetual Help (from which Robinson graduated in 1950) and subsequently Jefferson High School (from which Madden graduated in 1954).
Read More: The Man from 3036: Full Cast & Crew from Confessions of A Time Traveler.!
Who Did John Madden Coach?
From 1969 until 1978, John Madden led the Oakland Raiders as their head coach. He was the driving force behind the team making the playoffs eight times, winning seven division titles, reaching the AFL/AFC Championship Game seven times, and winning Super Bowl XI for the first time in the franchise's history. A professional American football team, the Raiders call the Las Vegas area home. The Raiders are a football team from Oakland, California, that plays in the American Football Conference West of the National Football League.
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John Madden Death
On December 28, 2021, at the age of 85, John Madden passed away in his home in Pleasanton, California. There were no details given on what brought them to his death. NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell remarked in a press release announcing John's death that "there will never be another John," and that the league would "forever be beholden to him for all he did to make football and the NFL what they are today." John's death at age 85 came as a shock, according to The Sun. As of yet, no official cause of death has been disclosed.
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What Is Medium.com? Here's A 24-Minute Guide For 2022 | {
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Every time I visit this site, I am sad because of the last post.
It's time to hold my breath, rip off the band-aid and start writing again.
Sure, it was accidentally used as a valentine's commercial but I just really like the beat. And the anti-war sentiment is pretty awesome as well. | {
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« The Science of Sound | Main | An interview with Welsh artist Clive Hicks-Jenkins »
Melusine; the legend of the Lusignan Feudal Dynasty
"How the noble and powerful fortress of Lusignan of Poitou was founded by a fairy."—Jean d'Arras, c.1500's
Melusine by Jules Hubner
The legend of Melusine is the tale recorded by the poet Jean d'Arras, written about 1382 - 1394. It is considered one of the most complex and significant works of the late medieval ages. It was translated into English about the year 1500 and printed throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. It tells the tale, part historical, part myth, part legend, of the Lusignans, a Feudal Dynasty hailing from southwestern France and the region of Poitou. I learned of Melusine from my Parisian friend Robert Couturier while sharing the list of French castles that I hope to one day visit. The castle, La Rochefoucauld, lovely and unpretentious, sits at the top of my list. A 16th-century staircase attributed to Leonardo da Vinci rests within. I'd like to climb those 108 steps. François de la Rochefoucauld was an author noted for his 17th c. maxims and memoirs. He was considered the exemplar of the 17th c. nobleman. He is known for writing aphorisms. An aphorism delivers a punch in three seconds. Think of it this way: aphorism= 'We/one' + 'subject that converts' + 'makes us sting or laugh.'
"True love is like ghosts, which everybody talks about and few have seen."
"We forgive so long as we love."
"To say one never flirts is in itself a form of flirtation."
"We all have strength enough to bear the misfortunes of others."
—François de la Rochefoucauld, Reflections or Sentences and Moral Maxims.
Robert knows the La Rochefoucauld family and shared the tale of one of the ten greatest historical families of France. The first was Foucauld de la Roche, son of Comte de Lusignan. The Lusignans ruled as kings of Jerusalem in the 12th century. Legend says that Melusine is their ancestress, and so the legend begins.
I have just placed in my basket at Amazon a copy of the 2012 release of Jean d'Arras's, MELUSINE or, THE NOBLE HISTORY OF LUSIGNAN. When it arrives I will review his work and embellish this post.
Melusine by Ludwig Michael von Schwanthaler, 1845
Her legend is shared with French school children early on by story or song. The tale is purported to be of Breton origin and equally hails from Poitou. There it is said she reigned as the fairy Queen of the forest of Colombiers. Her father was Elainas (Elynas) the King of Albany (Scotland), her mother the fairy Pressine.
One day while King Elainas was out hunting he stopped to quench his thirst at a spring, whereby he heard the voice of a woman singing. Here he met the fairy Pressine, though he questioned her he could not learn from where she came. They were married with the one condition that Elainas promise to never interrupt her while she was lying-in. Pressine gave birth to triplets, three daughters; Melusine, Meliot, and Palatine. Upon hearing the news that Pressine had given birth, Elainas could not contain his joy and burst in upon her while she was bathing her daughters. Pressine flew into a wrath of anger and promised that from then on her descendants would avenge her. She left with her daughters for the home of her sister the Queen of the Lost Island. (There is some reference made that this is Avalon...).
Illustration from Le Livre de Mélusine by Jean d'Arras, 1478.
The Island of The Lost exists in the same way as all elusive mythical lands do, one finds it only by good fortune, luck or happenstance, stepping in only if the conditions are just right. Even those who seek for it will seek to no avail. That's the important thing to remember. Pressine raised her daughters here high on a mountain-top from whereby they could see the land of Albany that of their father. As her daughters grew Pressine told them the story of why they were estranged from him. Melusine took it upon herself to devise the plot which unfolded with the aid of her two sisters. They traveled to Albany and using their feminine wiles tricked their father, along with his wealth, into seclusion and entrapment deep within the forest of Brandebois.
Pressine upon hearing the news flew into another of her—shall I say noteworthy— rages, and cast punishment in the direction of her three lovely daughters. Meliot was banished to an Armenian castle where she was locked away. Palatine was abandoned in the depths of the forest Brandebois with her father. Melusine was dealt the harshest punishment as she had plotted the mischief. Every Saturday Melusine turned into a 'sea serpent' from the waist down, does this mean she is the original mermaid? Her fate was to remain this way until the day she met a man willing to marry her on the condition that he never visited her on Saturday. (No, to the Saturday Night Date...)
Melusine set off to travel the world, passing through the Black Forest, followed by the Ardennes, she arrived finally in the forest of Colombiers, in Poitou. Here the inhabitants greeted her and said, "We have been waiting for you to rule the land." One day Melsuine was guarding the Fountain of Thirst, or the Fountain of the Fays, at Colombiers with two friends, when Raimond de Lusignan stopped by. It was a fountain called thus because of the marvelous things that happened at the fountain which rose at the foot of a high rock. The two talked the night away and by morning agreed to be married on the one condition—as there are always conditions attached to relationships between mortals and fays—that they respect the Saturday night oath. Raimond was wandering in the forest after accidentally killing his uncle the Count of Poitou, (Guy de Lusignan, I believe but have to research and confirm), his arrow had deflected and struck the count while on a boar hunt. (This reminds me of a scene from the medieval comic film by Jean-Marie Poiré Just Visiting).
If Raimond were to forget his pledge and brake the vow, he'd lose her love forever more. The 'happy wife, happy life' dictum is a forever refrain. They married and with the great wealth inherited from her father King Elainas, she built the castle Lusignan at the foot of the fountain where they'd first met. Melusine gave birth to ten boys, all of which had strange defects. One son had one blue eye and one red eye, one had a giant tooth... Despite their flaws, the children of Melusine and Raimond were loved throughout the land. Raimond's love continued unabated, until the one, better forgotten day, when his curiosity could not be contained. Raimond had noticed that Melusine's absences coincided with the building of a castle, church, monastery, town or tower—all of which happened over the course of one night as if by magic.One day Raimond's brother was visiting and rallied by the enigmatic curiosity inherent in the marriage of his brother to Melusine, he persuaded—as we all know families have persuasive powers over us that we would often like to ignore, be it the 13 th c. or present moment—Raimond to sleuth out what she did each Saturday night. Raimond spied her at her bath and was shocked. He discovered that from the waist down she was a serpent. He said nothing until the day that their son Geoffrey of the Giant Tooth went berserk and attacked a monastery killing one hundred monks, included in that count was one of his own brothers. Mon dieu. Raimond accused Melusine of ruining his lineage. Melusine took the form of a fifteen-foot serpent and flew from the castle circling it three times. Wailing her sorrows, returning to visit her children at night. Legend has it Raimond was never happy again, and that Melusine cries beside each Lusignan before their death and at their birth. Alternate legend says that Melusine sank into a rock after Raimond spied her, where she is locked until every seventh year when she is freed and surfaces holding a golden key in her mouth. Whoever takes the key may claim her as his bride. (Sword in the stone sexism!) And did you notice the number seven?
Illustration from Le Roman de Mélusine by Jean d'Arras, ca. 1450-1500.
The children of Melusine went on to become the King of Cyprus, the King of Armenia, the King of Bohemia, the Duke of Luxembourg, the last King of Jerusalem, and The Lord of Lusignan. It is said that her noble line will reign till the end of the world. Power to myth and legend.
"Myth equals an old, old story."—Puccini
Posted at 07:37 AM in La Dolce Vita | Permalink | {
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Men's Yarmouth Boat Shoe is rated 4.5 out of 5 by 2.
The Yarmouth Boat Shoe from Eastland is perfect for spending a day on your boat.
Rated 5 out of 5 by DEL231 from VERY comfortable Have had these for 2 weeks and love them. Would recommend them.
Rated 4 out of 5 by zlatanis from nice shoe Bought it for my dad but it was a little small for him so I kept it for myself. | {
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