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Anthony, Susan B. -- (Susan Brownell), -- 1820-1906.
Autographs, letters, calling cards, bookplates, photos, engravings, and other papers of 85 American women, including title pages of sheet music dedicated to Amelia Bloomer, among others. Included is material of Abigail Adams, Jacqueline Cochran, Mary Pickford, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Susan B. Anthony, Clara Barton, Anna E. Dickinson, Zona Gale, Belva Lockwood, Louise Chandler Moulton, and Kate Douglas Wiggin, and a 1762 paper of indenture. Also photocopies of women's suffrage pamphlets and pictures of women workers from Harper's Weekly.
Add tags for "Collection, 1762-1941 (inclusive).". Be the first.
Bloomer, Amelia Jenks, -- 1818-1894.
Dickinson, Anne Elizabeth, -- 1842-1932.
Landauer, Bella Clara, -- 1874-1960.
Lockwood, Belva Ann, -- 1830-1917.
Moulton, Louise Chandler, -- 1835-1908.
Working class women -- Pictorial works. | {
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AUSTIN - Texas Gov. Rick Perry said Monday he'll keep pushing state lawmakers to pass a bill allowing police to ask anyone they detain about their immigration status when the Legislature convenes in 2013.
In a statement on his Twitter account, Perry said the U.S. Supreme Court's decision to keep the so-called "show me your papers" provision in Arizona's tough illegal immigration crackdown gives Texas room to pursue a similar policy. The court threw out other enforcement provisions in the Arizona law.
Perry, a Republican, had made a similar provision one of his top priorities in 2011 when he was ramping up his bid to run for president, but it failed despite a Republican majority.
"I will fight again to pass this important bill next session," Perry tweeted.
Perry and supporters say the Texas bill would have helped police fight crime committed by illegal immigrants.
Hispanic Democrats in the Texas Senate decried the bill as racist and tearfully pleaded in an eight-hour debate with Republicans not to pass the measure before it sailed through on a 19-12 party-line vote. The measure ultimately died without a vote in the House.
Texas Democrats say they expect Republicans to file similar bills in 2013.
"To give state and local law enforcement officers the power to act as federal immigration officers is a recipe for disaster. These harmful measures hurt the ability of our police to develop and foster relationships with immigrant communities, relationships critical in combating and solving crime," said Sen. Jose Rodriguez, D-El Paso.
Perry has said federal immigration enforcement has failed and that Texas must protect its own borders. Texas had an estimated 1.6 million illegal immigrants in 2011, according to the Pew Hispanic Center in Washington. | {
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Dodgers News: Vin Scully Expected To Return For 65th Season In 2014
by Ross Gasmer 08/23/2013, 2:00 AM
There isn't anything better in life then sitting down on the couch, watching the Dodgers and listening to Vin Scully on a nice summer's night.
Dodger fans everywhere have gotten used to that routine for the last 64 years as this year seems to have given the 85-year-old Hall of Fame broadcaster renewed energy and happiness. The Dodgers haven't won a World Series since 1988 and that hasn't stopped Vin Scully from calling Dodger games with the same vigor and passion that he's always had.
As he's gotten up in age, Vin takes things year-by-year, but according to Bill Shaikin of the LA Times, Scully is expected to be back in the broadcast booth for his 65th season next year:
It has been such an exciting, enjoyable, wonderful season — the big crowds in the ballpark, everybody is talking about the ballclub, and I really respect, admire and love the management — so everything just fell into place. I really still enjoy it immensely. My health is good, thank God. So why not? And my wife said, 'Why not?' as well.
Vin still calls every single home game and his road schedule has been condensed to games in California, Arizona and Colorado, with the exception of an east coast trip thrown in for good measure.
The Dodgers turnaround; from 30-42 to 75-52 seems to have given new life to Scully as he was honored already this season with his own bobblehead night that he conveniently failed to mention on the air.
While the Dodgers have become the favorites to win the World Series, Scully would call games on the radio and wouldn't want to make a huge fuss about calling games on TV:
I wouldn't feel that I deserved to be there. I would feel that I would be an intruder. And I don't ever want to be that. Even if the Dodgers go into the World Series, it's run by networks now — understandably, because they pay the big money. So, no, I wouldn't want to do something just because someone said, 'Oh, let him do an inning.' I wouldn't want any part of that.
It's been an incredible season full of comeback victories and surprises, but the Dodgers arguably had their biggest victory tonight as Vin will be back for another year of Dodger baseball.
In case you missed it, be sure to find out the latest about Yasiel Puig being fined on the road trip.
Written by Ross Gasmer
Ross Gasmer is a Social Media Producer for @TheHerd and was a contributing writer and editor for Dodger Nation. Follow him on Twitter @Ross_Gasmer12
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The few series that Marvel has brought to life through Netflix have all been immense successes. Critics and fans alike have been losing their minds over the well-crafted street-level hero projects. And the trailer for the next in line due to debut this September, Luke Cage, is 100% black.
First off, the majority of the trailer is set to "Walk On By" by Isaac Hayes. So right up front, you know Marvel and Netflix were 100% committed to blackness.
But then there's the cast. Mike Colter looks strikingly reminiscent of comic book depictions of Luke Cage. Mahershala Ali as Cottonmouth, the series' main villain, is intimidating and terrorizing to the bone. And Alfre Woodard as Black Mariah? You already know.
I'd be remiss if I neglected to note how Rosario Dawson's return as Claire Temple speaks to the heart of the show in its own way. Other tying this world to the other shows already produced by Netflix, she also personifies heroism and a human capacity to care for those is need, just without superhuman powers.
Even though her screen time in this trailer is short, Simone Missick's Misty Knight is already looking to be a scene stealer in her own right. Here, she looks as strong-willed as you'd expect a black woman on Harlem's police force to be, and her words on the vulnerability of Harlem are nearly the high point of the trailer.
There is so much more packed into this trailer from comic references like a throwback to Luke Cage's original costume to blackness references like Mahershala Ali standing in front of a Notorious B.I.G. painting and proclaiming "Everybody wants to be the king," but Colter, whether he is raining down sheer carnage on criminals or acting as a protector of the innocent, appears more than capable of donning the mantle of one of the most legendary black comic book heroes in history. And September 30th can't come quick enough. | {
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/**
* @fileoverview Tests for space-before-function-paren.
* @author Mathias Schreck <https://github.com/lo1tuma>
*/
"use strict";
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Requirements
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const rule = require("../../../lib/rules/space-before-function-paren");
const RuleTester = require("../../../lib/testers/rule-tester");
const baseParser = require("../../fixtures/fixture-parser");
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tests
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
const ruleTester = new RuleTester();
ruleTester.run("space-before-function-paren", rule, {
valid: [
"function foo () {}",
"var foo = function () {}",
"var bar = function foo () {}",
"var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {} };",
{
code: "var obj = { foo () {} };",
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{ code: "function* foo () {}", parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 } },
{ code: "var foo = function *() {};", parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 } },
{ code: "function foo() {}", options: ["never"] },
{ code: "var foo = function() {}", options: ["never"] },
{ code: "var bar = function foo() {}", options: ["never"] },
{ code: "var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {} };", options: ["never"] },
{
code: "var obj = { foo() {} };",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: "function* foo() {}",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: "var foo = function*() {};",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: [
"function foo() {}",
"var bar = function () {}",
"function* baz() {}",
"var bat = function*() {};",
"var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {}, bar() {} };"
].join("\n"),
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: [
"function foo () {}",
"var bar = function() {}",
"function* baz () {}",
"var bat = function* () {};",
"var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {}, bar () {} };"
].join("\n"),
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "never" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: "class Foo { constructor() {} *method() {} }",
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: "class Foo { constructor () {} *method () {} }",
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "never" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 }
},
{
code: "var foo = function() {}",
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "ignore" }]
},
{
code: "var foo = function () {}",
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "ignore" }]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo() {}",
options: [{ named: "ignore", anonymous: "always" }]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo () {}",
options: [{ named: "ignore", anonymous: "always" }]
},
{
code: "type TransformFunction = (el: ASTElement, code: string) => string;",
parser: baseParser("babel-eslint7", "function-type-annotation")
},
// Async arrow functions
{ code: "() => 1", parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 } },
{ code: "async a => a", parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async a => a", options: [{ asyncArrow: "always" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async a => a", options: [{ asyncArrow: "never" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async () => 1", options: [{ asyncArrow: "always" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async() => 1", options: [{ asyncArrow: "never" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async () => 1", options: [{ asyncArrow: "ignore" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async() => 1", options: [{ asyncArrow: "ignore" }], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async () => 1", parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async () => 1", options: ["always"], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } },
{ code: "async() => 1", options: ["never"], parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 } }
],
invalid: [
{
code: "function foo() {}",
output: "function foo () {}",
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 13
}
]
},
{
code: "function foo/* */() {}",
output: "function foo /* */() {}",
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 13
}
]
},
{
code: "var foo = function() {}",
output: "var foo = function () {}",
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 19
}
]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo() {}",
output: "var bar = function foo () {}",
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 23
}
]
},
{
code: "var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {} };",
output: "var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {} };",
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 20
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 34
}
]
},
{
code: "var obj = { foo() {} };",
output: "var obj = { foo () {} };",
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 16
}
]
},
{
code: "function* foo() {}",
output: "function* foo () {}",
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 14
}
]
},
{
code: "function foo () {}",
output: "function foo() {}",
options: ["never"],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 13
}
]
},
{
code: "var foo = function () {}",
output: "var foo = function() {}",
options: ["never"],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 19
}
]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo () {}",
output: "var bar = function foo() {}",
options: ["never"],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 23
}
]
},
{
code: "var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {} };",
output: "var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {} };",
options: ["never"],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 20
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 35
}
]
},
{
code: "var obj = { foo () {} };",
output: "var obj = { foo() {} };",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 16
}
]
},
{
code: "function* foo () {}",
output: "function* foo() {}",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 14
}
]
},
{
code: [
"function foo () {}",
"var bar = function() {}",
"var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {}, bar () {} };"
].join("\n"),
output: [
"function foo() {}",
"var bar = function () {}",
"var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {}, bar() {} };"
].join("\n"),
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 13
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 2,
column: 19
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 20
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 35
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 49
}
]
},
{
code: "class Foo { constructor () {} *method () {} }",
output: "class Foo { constructor() {} *method() {} }",
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 24
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 38
}
]
},
{
code: "var foo = { bar () {} }",
output: "var foo = { bar() {} }",
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 16
}
]
},
{
code: [
"function foo() {}",
"var bar = function () {}",
"var obj = { get foo() {}, set foo(val) {}, bar() {} };"
].join("\n"),
output: [
"function foo () {}",
"var bar = function() {}",
"var obj = { get foo () {}, set foo (val) {}, bar () {} };"
].join("\n"),
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "never" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 6 },
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionDeclaration",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 13
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 2,
column: 19
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 20
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 34
},
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 3,
column: 47
}
]
},
{
code: "var foo = function() {}",
output: "var foo = function () {}",
options: [{ named: "ignore", anonymous: "always" }],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 19
}
]
},
{
code: "var foo = function () {}",
output: "var foo = function() {}",
options: [{ named: "ignore", anonymous: "never" }],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 19
}
]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo() {}",
output: "var bar = function foo () {}",
options: [{ named: "always", anonymous: "ignore" }],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Missing space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 23
}
]
},
{
code: "var bar = function foo () {}",
output: "var bar = function foo() {}",
options: [{ named: "never", anonymous: "ignore" }],
errors: [
{
type: "FunctionExpression",
message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.",
line: 1,
column: 23
}
]
},
// Async arrow functions
{
code: "async() => 1",
output: "async () => 1",
options: [{ asyncArrow: "always" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 },
errors: ["Missing space before function parentheses."]
},
{
code: "async () => 1",
output: "async() => 1",
options: [{ asyncArrow: "never" }],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 },
errors: ["Unexpected space before function parentheses."]
},
{
code: "async() => 1",
output: "async () => 1",
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 },
errors: [{ message: "Missing space before function parentheses.", type: "ArrowFunctionExpression" }]
},
{
code: "async() => 1",
output: "async () => 1",
options: ["always"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 },
errors: [{ message: "Missing space before function parentheses.", type: "ArrowFunctionExpression" }]
},
{
code: "async () => 1",
output: "async() => 1",
options: ["never"],
parserOptions: { ecmaVersion: 8 },
errors: [{ message: "Unexpected space before function parentheses.", type: "ArrowFunctionExpression" }]
}
]
});
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Image Title: Unfinished Wood Dining Kitchen Accent Tables Table Tops With Regard To Decorations 2. Filename: unfinished-wood-dining-kitchen-accent-tables-table-tops-with-regard-to-decorations-2.jpg. Image Dimension: 600 x 380 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Gaston Bashirian. Uploaded Date: Thursday - March 15th. 2018 07:51:07 AM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: houzz.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Unfinished Wood Dining Kitchen Accent Tables Table Tops With Regard To Decorations 2" | {
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Below is an excerpt from the VoyageATL interview. Read the whole interview here.
Twenty years ago, I sat nervously in the office of J. Walter Thompson interviewing for a junior copy writer position. My sweaty hands fumbled through my portfolio as I attempted to prove my value to the company as a soon-to-be college graduate. I left the interview feeling confident about my chances only to learn later that I had lost the opportunity to a writer who also had a design background.
To this day, the irony of that experience makes me smile. I thought I wanted to be a writer and had no idea I was heading toward design.
I've enjoyed art as a hobby my whole life, but I sort of fell into a career in graphic design. For some reason, the idea of working as a professional artist never crossed my mind. Maybe I thought that all artists were starving.
After working in public relations for three different companies, I realized my heart wasn't in it. The firm I worked for in Washington, D.C., was outsourcing all of its design projects, but I knew I could do better. So with my boss's blessing, I bought some software and started teaching myself how to use it, designing more and more projects for the company. Over the course of several years, I worked my way up to Senior Creative Director.
I moved to the Atlanta area in 2007 to work for a small company as the head of marketing and creative services. Soon after moving down here, I decided to start my own design firm instead of waiting for the looming recession to make that choice for me. I've never looked back. | {
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Living The Savvy Life The Savvy Womans Guide To Smart Spending And Rich Living is good choice for you that looking for nice reading experience. We hope you glad to visit our website. Please read our description and our privacy and policy page.
Finally I get this ebook, thanks for all these Living The Savvy Life The Savvy Womans Guide To Smart Spending And Rich Living can get now! | {
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China Complete Chromite Ore Processing Plant, Chromite Ore Process . Reasonable structure and small occupation area . As the slurry travels the spiraling path down the spiral, mineral grains settle and start sorting according to size,.
chromite mineral processing plant chromite mineral processing plant Case Study: Chromite mining and processing Public Health Ontario. Case Study: Chromite mining and processing.
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Chromite is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group, a complex mineral . industry, in which potassium dichromate was employed in the dying process. . Turkey has one chrome and two ferrochrome chemical plants. .. The Bulqiza chromite mining district is about 40 km NE of Tirana, the capital city. | {
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also known as ایشمن خرانا
Birthday: 14 Sep 1984
Birth place: Chandigarh, Punjab, India
Ayushmann Khurrana is an Indian actor, poet, singer, and television host. He has established a career in Hindi cinema and is the recipient of several awards, including two Filmfare Awards. Khurrana won the second season of reality television show MTV Roadies in 2004 and ventured into an anchoring career. He made his film debut in 2012 with the romantic comedy Vicky Donor. His performance earned him several accolades including the Filmfare Award for Best Male Debut.[2][3] Following a brief setback, he starred in the commercially and critically successful romance Dum Laga Ke Haisha. Khurrana went on to establish himself with the comedies Bareilly Ki Barfi (2017), Shubh Mangal Saavdhan (2017), and Badhaai Ho (2018), and the thriller Andhadhun (2018). In addition to acting, Khurrana has sung for all his films, including the song "Pani Da Rang", which earned him the Filmfare Award for Best Male Playback Singer.
Photos of of Ayushmann Khurrana:
Ayushmann Khurrana Known For:
विक्की डोनर (2012)
अंधाधुन (2018)
दम लगा के हईशा (2015)
बरेली की बर्फी (2017)
बधाई हो (2018)
View all Movies & TV Series by Ayushmann Khurrana | {
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Mercer was created between 1874 and 1875 by the North Dakota Legislature. The county is named after Mr. William Henry Harrison Mercer, who settled near Bismark. The County government was organized on August 4, 1884. | {
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SMITH + 10 ~ Smithankyou - Lifestyle and Travel Photo Blog.
Not a full time Soccer fan but i must say i do love the sport for how it is. the beauty of it when u see them win!! so who's in my Dream Team?
now awaiting for argentina's match.. everyone believe they are gonna lost to the germans.. but i think they can do it!! ARGENTINA!! MESSI DO IT!! | {
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15 Years of the Information Technology Agreement
Trade, Innovation and Global Production Networks
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30875/1bbd6c67-en
Chapters (8)
The Information and Technology Agreement (ITA) was finalized at the first WTO Ministerial Conference, in Singapore, in 1996, committing its participants to completely eliminate duties on certain information technology products. In its 15 years, the ITA has promoted affordable access to a wide range of technologies, encouraging closer cooperation between developed and developing countries. As production networks become increasingly global, the ITA will continue to facilitate the shift from products made in a specific country to "made in the world". To mark the 15th anniversary of the ITA, this publication charts the political and technical obstacles which were overcome during the creation of the Agreement and the issues which still need to be resolved. It details the establishment of the ITA Committee and how the Agreement is implemented, and investigates the impact the ITA has had on trade liberalization and innovation. The publication also examines the effect information technology has had on global production networks and what this means for developing countries and the ITA.
Related Topics: Economic research and trade policy analysis ; Information technology and e-commerce | {
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Hunter of Justice
a blog about sexuality, gender, law and culture
About Nan Hunter
Emotional support as criteria for families provides election subtext
by Nan Hunter on September 7, 2008 • In Culture, Elections
Public Display – washingtonpost.com
By Andrew J. Cherlin
… The diversity of American households was the unspoken lesson of both conventions, as four strikingly different kinds of families came into view. First, the Obamas. The Democratic nominee's half-sister, Maya Soetoro-Ng, spoke to the Denver crowd, highlighting his biracial family background, dominated by an often single mother and a largely absent father. Obama's wife Michelle also took a powerful turn at the podium, focusing on her husband's biography but also playing up her own high-powered career and modest roots. The Bidens were introduced to a national audience that week as well, a stepfamily formed after the tragic death of the senator's first wife. With the McCains, we see another stepfamily, formed this time after the senator's divorce. Their family also includes Bridget, a daughter adopted from Bangladesh. And the Palins bring to the stage two working parents with five children, including a pregnant teenager and an infant with Down syndrome.
…[N]ever has such an extraordinary range of family histories been center stage….
The candidates seemed to realize that none of their families is typical in the old sense. None of them tried to look like the '50s family. Instead, they focused on being "typical" in a different, 21st-century sense: They worked hard to show us how emotionally close they are.
Over the past few decades, the emotional rewards of family life have become more important to Americans, as compared to the rewards of bringing home a paycheck or raising children. In a 2001 national survey conducted by the National Marriage Project, more than 80 percent of women in their 20s agreed with the statement that it's more important "to have a husband who can communicate about his deepest feelings than to have a husband who makes a good living."
Personal satisfaction, the feeling that your family is helping you grow and develop as a person, communication, openness: These are the kinds of criteria people use in evaluating their family lives. Practical concerns still matter, but if that's all that holds your family together these days, people may view it askance. Given the demographic diversity of American families, emotional closeness, not who the Census takers find in your home, has become the new gold standard.
And so all four aspiring first and second families, despite their differences, appealed to the voters in much the same way. Each wanted to show how much support and warmth they provide to one other. What matters here is not whether your current wife is your first or second but whether you draw emotional strength from her. … What matters is not whether your teenage daughter is pregnant but whether you provide loving support to her. …
What is important today, in other words, is not who you live with — and how you're legally bound to them — but rather how you feel about them.
This is a barrier-breaking election in so many ways. But apart from the race and gender hurdles being trampled, the 2008 campaign has also shown that Americans, whether from red or blue states, have embraced a broad definition of what constitutes a family. …
Of course, Americans' tolerance for family diversity still has limits; many voters, for instance, find it difficult to accept gay and lesbian unions. In 2004, Mary Cheney, the lesbian daughter of Vice President Cheney, sat in the audience with her partner as her father delivered his acceptance speech at the Republican convention. But the couple did not join the rest of the Cheney family on stage afterward and did not sit with the vice president when President Bush delivered his speech the following evening.
If the trend toward embracing greater diversity continues, however, convention stages a generation from now could easily look quite different from this year's. We could all be watching as a gay or lesbian candidate shouts out to his or her "rock" or "inspiration": a same-sex partner, smiling from the VIP box.
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Clarknt7 on New issue for Supreme Court: Can private businesses claim religious exemptions?
New issue for Supreme Court: Can private businesses claim religious exemptions? | Hunter of Justice on Next year in the Supreme Court: Religious exemptions
Marriage lawsuits mushrooming | GayDaytona.com on For red politicians in purple states, gay marriage is a nightmare
Oklahoma couples sue for marriage equality on Marriage (litigation) is breaking out all over
The Supreme Court's next abortion case
In Memoriam: Jose Julio Sarria
New issue for Supreme Court: Can private businesses claim religious exemptions?
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Copyright © 2020 Hunter of Justice. All Rights Reserved. Arturo Framework created by Themes by bavotasan.com.Back to top | {
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¹ "Community" here refers both to the membership of History without diamonds next to their names, and to the automated systems otherwise known as user #-1.
Why was 2 rep awarded to a user for vandalizing my post?
What happens when a comment is helpfully flagged? | {
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Mets 1B Davis leaves game after infield collision
Ike Davis
By ASSOCIATED PRESS - Associated Press - Wednesday, May 11, 2011
DENVER (AP) - Mets first baseman Ike Davis left in the fifth inning of New York's 4-3 win over Colorado on Tuesday night after he strained his left calf when he appeared to trip over third baseman David Wright's foot as the two closed in on a pop up by the Rockies' Troy Tulowitzki.
Wright hung on to the ball near the mound for the second out of the fourth inning as Davis tumbled to the ground. Davis bounced up quickly but was limping noticeably. He remained in the game for the final out of the inning, but was replaced in the field to start the fifth.
Davis, whose single in the first inning drove in the Mets' first two runs, was scheduled to be re-evaluated Wednesday.
"I know he's hurting. When he came out, he was hurting bad," said Mets manager Terry Collins, who doubted that Davis would be available for Wednesday's series finale.
Davis wasn't sure what happened on the play.
"We didn't really collide that hard," Davis said. "I think I just rolled my ankle or something. At the time, there was a lot of pain everywhere. They're going to see how I feel (Wednesday) morning, and if it's still bothering me, then maybe an MRI."
With Davis out of the lineup, Daniel Murphy moved from second base to first, and Justin Turner came into the game to play second. | {
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I've got sooo much I'm meant to be doing but it turns out listening to 'Catching Fire' while I did do wasn't the best idea in terms of focusing on the task at hand. From now on I'm sticking to Bill Bryson's 'A Short History Of Nearly Everything' which is fascinating, but doesn't make me spend days doing fanart.
This is a work in progress - I haven't worked at all upon the wings element of the costume. But since I have to be productive all weekend (boo) that'll probably come next week. | {
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Opinion|The Trump-Sanders Fantasy
https://nyti.ms/21eWIef
Thomas B. Edsall
The Trump-Sanders Fantasy
By Thomas B. Edsall
Credit...Joe Raedle/Getty Images
The emergence of strong populist insurgencies in both parties has raised the hope that the two constituencies could be joined to create a genuine left-right populist alliance.
There are compelling arguments for and against this proposition. First, the case for a cross-party populist movement.
The electorates of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders overlap in four important ways.
Both candidates have tapped into the frustration of those stuck on the middle and bottom rungs of the economic ladder.
Both reject the free trade agreements of the past two decades, including the pending Trans-Pacific Partnership, the largest trade deal in a generation.
Both reject mechanisms to limit spending on Social Security and Medicare — and each supports his own version of "health care for all" (although Trump has issued contradictory statements).
Both reject the use of super PACs to raise large political contributions and are convinced that politicians in Washington have sold out to powerful interests that contribute huge sums to campaigns.
The similarity between the two candidates was highlighted at a televised town hall in South Carolina on Feb. 17. Mika Brzezinski, the MSNBC host, asked Trump to identify a candidate who fit the following description:
The candidate is considered a political outsider by all the pundits. He's tapping into the anger of the voters, delivers a populist message. He believes everyone in the country should have health care.
This candidate, Brzezinski continued,
advocates for hedge fund managers to pay higher taxes. He's drawing thousands of people at his rallies and bringing in a lot of new voters to the political process, and he's not beholden to any super PAC. Who am I describing?
Trump replied: "You're describing Donald Trump."
"Actually," Brzezinski declared, "I was describing Bernie Sanders."
The uniting of the Trump and Sanders electorates under a common banner in a future election has strong appeal, especially to Democrats on the left.
"For decades I've believed, and voter research bears out, that there is a great majority of Americans who would flock to vote for a progressive who runs on a populist economic message and talks in simple terms," Steve Rosenthal, president of the Organizing Group, a political consulting firm, and former political director of the A.F.L.-C.I.O., wrote in response to my email inquiry:
Cobble together Trump's older, less educated, lower income, white soft-Republicans, Independents and his less hard-line conservative voters with Senator Sanders's younger, white, less than $100K family income, Dems and Independents — along with historic Democratic base constituencies and you've got a potent formula for success. The candidate is fighting first and foremost for American jobs, is pro-choice, supports marriage equality and makes raising wages central to her/his campaign — speaks truth to power in a blunt way — and is real. Sign me up.
Jill Lepore, a professor of American history at Harvard, writing in the Feb. 22 issue of The New Yorker, also describes the similarity of the Trump and Sanders campaigns:
The people who turn up at Sanders and Trump rallies are wed, across the aisle, in bonds of populist unrest. They're revolting against party elites, and especially against the all-in-the-family candidates anointed by the Democratic and the Republican leadership: Clinton and Bush, the wife and brother of past party leaders.
This unrest has been unleashed, in part, by the information technology revolution of the past several decades, Lepore writes:
None of the candidates, not even the party favorites, are campaigning on behalf of their party; most are campaigning to crash it.
The "party system," Lepore continues, "like just about every other old-line industry and institution, is struggling to survive a communications revolution." The "ill effects" of the revolution
include the atomizing of the electorate. There's a point at which political communication speeds past the last stop where democratic deliberation, the genuine consent of the governed, is possible.
While there are obviously striking differences between the supporters of Trump and Sanders, Troy Campbell, a professor of marketing at the University of Oregon, argues that:
Many, but not all, Trump and Sanders supporters have similar concerns and are drawn to a similar candidate with a change-preaching, anti-Washington, entertaining, take-no prisoners, apologize-for-nothing personality. More and more Americans are becoming less identified with a party and more generally anti the political establishment. This anti-political-elite sentiment runs deep in both the Sanders and Trump community.
Sean Trende, senior elections analyst for RealClearPolitics, noted that Senator Sherrod Brown of Ohio might be the kind of politician who could appeal to voters on both the left and the right. Brown, Trende said, "holds a longstanding skepticism of trade and has more blue collar appeal than I could see Elizabeth Warren having."
"On the right, someone like Trump is probably the best bet, to be honest," Trende argues in his email:
What makes Trump interesting is that he appeals to this outsider, blue-collar base, but does so from a secular basis, which theoretically broadens his appeal.
If a "more politically savvy version of Trump emerges, we could see our politics upended," Trende added, with the emergence "of a 'real' European-style right candidate: traditionalist (but oftentimes secular), nationalistic, and in favor of increased social expenditures."
Enthusiasts aside, substantial structural and ideological problems are certain to emerge for any movement or individual attempting to tap populist sentiment in order to construct a bipartisan presidential coalition.
I talked with Bill McInturff, co-founder of Public Opinion Strategies, a Republican polling company that conducts national polling for NBC and The Wall Street Journal together with the Democratic company Hart Research Associates.
McInturff examined recent NBC/Wall Street Journal surveys to find how many of the voters said they could support both Trump and Sanders.
Six percent of all voters said they would consider voting for both men. This is hardly encouraging for those who would like to use the 2016 primaries as the basis for a hybrid populist movement. A quarter of all surveyed voters — Democrat, Republican and independent — would consider voting for Trump but not Sanders, 33 percent would consider voting for Sanders but not Trump, and the rest were undecided.
At McInturff's suggestion, I asked pollsters at the Pew Research Center what they had found. Jocelyn Kiley, associate director of research, provided data reinforcing McInturff's analysis that a left-right populist alliance faced insurmountable difficulties. "In our January survey," Kiley wrote,
we asked if people thought each of the candidates would make a great, good, average, poor, or terrible president. Among all voters, just 4 percent said both Trump and Sanders would be either great or good. If you expand that to include average, just 15 percent said both would be at least average.
Kiley made the point that another revealing way of interpreting the data is that
77 percent of those who thought Sanders would be good or great thought Trump would be poor or terrible, and 60 percent of those who thought Trump would be good or great thought Sanders would be poor or terrible.
Scott Keeter, senior survey adviser at the Pew Research Center, added that research conducted in recent years showed that
both parties have potential class cleavages in them that a candidate with the right mix of policies could exploit. Trump's support has shown that not all of the G.O.P. electorate shares the party's orthodox views about limited government, and his views on trade could have appeal to some Democrats. But it's hard to find data to suggest that a large coalition could be formed that would unite the harder core supporters of Trump and Sanders, given the many things they disagree on.
There is additional research documenting the incompatibility of Trump and Sanders supporters.
Emily Ekins, director of polling at the Cato Institute, and Jonathan Haidt, a professor at New York University's Stern School of Business, examined the results of a November 2015 You.gov survey of 2,000 respondents and summarized their findings in a smart Vox essay.
The You.gov poll identified the moral values of supporters of each of this year's presidential candidates. The survey results provide a measure of the strength of current support for each of four values: care/empathy; proportionality/just deserts; liberty; and loyalty/authority/sanctity.
The results — explained and illustrated in the accompanying chart — show that supporters of Trump and Sanders oppose each other on three out of four of these moral values: care, proportionality, and loyalty/authority. They agree only on their support for liberty.
In other words, Trump and Sanders partisans, despite converging economic concerns, are like oil and water. Any politician seeking to enlist them in a political collaboration faces major obstacles.
"Their political personalities are radically different," Haidt wrote in an email. Sanders's supporters are "bleeding heart" liberals, "while Trump supporters have a personality style that is closer to the prototypical authoritarian pattern." Haidt saw other key differences:
the moral narratives that they believe in, about America, and how we got here, and what we must do to get out, are completely incompatible, except for a shared sense that the elites are corrupt.
What might be the long-term ramifications of the populist, information-fueled dynamics of this election cycle?
We have not seen the present levels of intraparty polarization since Barry Goldwater's challenge to Nelson Rockefeller in 1964 or George McGovern's to Hubert Humphrey in 1972.
The establishment wings of both parties "will have a very hard time accommodating the blue-collar native-born American who is the core of Trump's constituency and a vital part of Sanders's," Henry Olsen, a senior fellow at the Ethics and Public Policy Center, a conservative think tank, wrote in reply to my email. But, Olsen observed, "political death has a tendency to concentrate the mind. A failure of the G.O.P. to win the presidency this cycle would force the G.O.P. to rethink its core assumptions." (One could even argue that the presence of two Hispanic contenders for the nomination reflects a concentration of the conservative mind on expanding the Republican electorate.)
A failure of the Democrats to win the White House, or "to make meaningful gains in Congress or the states" over the next four years, Olsen suggested, might have a comparable effect.
This intraparty division, compounded by the animosity of the emergent populist wings toward their respective establishments, threatens to undermine the underlying premise of the presidential nomination process: that internal factions compete in caucuses and primaries until a winner emerges, at which time losers lick their wounds and fall in line.
If either Trump or Sanders loses the fight for the nomination, or if both go down to defeat, the question in November will be: Do their supporters fall in line? Do a substantial number stay home? Or will they vote for the opposition?
In 1964 and 1972, bitter intraparty conflict resulted in landslide defeats for both Goldwater and McGovern, losses that forced radical changes in the constituencies of the two parties, in their respective ideological appeal and in their geographic bases of support.
After 1964, in the midst of racial upheaval, the Republican Party shifted to become the party of white America. Anchored in the South, the party evolved into the adversary of all the emerging rights movements — most notably civil, women's, gay and reproductive rights.
The Democratic Party, in turn, became the political ally of emerging rebellions — moving sharply to the left of American opinion, until American opinion shifted to embrace these very insurgencies.
How the Republican and Democratic parties will remake or reset themselves is part of the drama of this unprecedented collective decision-making season. Or will the two parties be supplanted by an as yet unimagined political system? | {
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To start things off we had a change of location from the BBC Broadcasting House to their Blackstaff Studios which is near by, but we still managed to get lost!
Eventually I found and met Gareth and then Shauna took us in and we got our passes for the day. We went through the building and went to a big fancy boardroom and you know by the look of it the BBC has too much money to spend! I counted 10 computer/TV screens in the one room.
Later on, at around 11, Terry Loane, who is the Director of the Northern Irish film called MickyBo And Me, more or less told us the whole story about film making and how the idea for this film came about which was developed from a stage play. Terry comes across as a really cool guy and I learned a lot from his workshop even tho i'm not that interested in the directing side of films!
After his workshop, we went for a bit of lunch! We could not decide where to go in Belfast! it was either between a noodle bar or Burger King, we ended up in Burger King!
When we got back from lunch, Mr Lennox taught us about beat sheets which is basically what happens in each scene of the film which I can use in the course I'm doing in college. He also taught us about some screen writing in the software, called Celtx, which I already knew how to use! Then Mr Lennox taught us to make a film plot by following Blake Snyder's book called Save The Cat which I now have! Once we planned out our beat sheets we had to get feed- back from the rest of the group and got really good and useful feed- back!
Then that brilliant day in the BBC came to an end! So Shauna closed that session by buying us some amazing pizzas!! Then even better she got us taxis over to The Odyssey to watch the film Stand By Me! which was sooo funny and would recommend anyone to watch it if they want a laugh!
Overall, it was a brilliant day and I learned a lot and can't wait till the black tie event on Thursday! and to next week's class!
I will put some post up from the black tie along with a film review on Stand By Me! | {
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Everything we do is recorded. I have managed several websites in my time and most have admin sections recording IP addresses and ISP's. Then you simply use tools such as sam spade or the ping command and you can locate their town or even street. | {
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Local musician Jefferson Montoya will set out to break the Guinness World Record for Longest Continuous Concert by a Solo Artist starting June 1 and ending June 3 at Tommy Rocker's Cantina & Grill.
The 44-hour long event will feature more than 150 songs, both original music and cover songs performed with few breaks. Guinness rules state that the artist can only have 30 seconds between songs and five minutes rest for every 60 minutes played so the music will be almost continuous from midnight Wednesday through Friday night.
In addition to music from his three solo CD's, Jefferson will perform songs from a wide variety of artists including Aimee Mann, Incubus, George Michael, Ne-Yo, Paramore, Queen and many more.
The world record currently is held by Richard Deschamps of France, and has been a much-pursued mark that has been attempted and captured a number of times since 2009. It has not been held by an American.
In addition to the marathon record of Longest Concert, Mr. Montoya will also attempt to set a new record for most pieces of music performed by a solo artist in 24 hours, which is currently held by Japan's Yukio Yokoyama, who played 139 pieces of music in May of last year.
More event details can be found at www.jeffersonmontoya.com. | {
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Is eBay STEALTH good for real?
Thread: Is eBay STEALTH good for real?
Im new to and im suspended right now its final result. Is Stealth good for real? i just wondering seems like my has been ban and it ban with my personal information with the account. i was registered few more account it aslo has been suspended. if i buy this Stealth can i use my original address as the one has been suspended and my original paypal account ?
Last edited by greglazor; 03-07-2018 at 05:24 AM. | {
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Home Dayton Ballet Is Pleased to Present a Sensory-Friendly Afternoon at The Nutcracker...
Dayton Ballet Is Pleased to Present a Sensory-Friendly Afternoon at The Nutcracker on December 17
DAYTON, OH (November 19, 2021) – On Friday, December 17 at 2:00 pm in the Mead Theatre of the Schuster Center, Dayton Ballet will present a sensory-friendly performance of the holiday favorite The Nutcracker.
Dayton Ballet is pleased to offer sensory-friendly performances designed especially for children and adults with autism spectrum disorder, sensory sensitivities, or other special needs. These sensory-friendly performances feature a supportive, judgment-free environment with relaxed theater rules.
This year's sensory-friendly presentation included both acts of The Nutcracker. Join little Clara in Act I as she enjoys a family party with guests and plenty of entertainment, then after everyone has left, as she drifts into a deep sleep where she dreams that her beloved Nutcracker has come to life. In Act II, follow her in her dreamland adventures as she takes a magical trip to the Land of Sweets with the Sugarplum Fairy and her dashing Cavalier.
Adaptations for this sensory-friendly performance include the following:
Dimmed house lights at 30% brightness during the entire performance
Lower sound levels
Elimination of startling special effects and lighting
Relaxed theater rules—freedom to get up, move around, and come and go as you desire
Designated quiet areas
Ushers available throughout the Schuster Center to assist patrons
Trained and informed dancers, staff, ushers, and other volunteers to ensure a memorable experience for you and your family
The DPAA is excited to welcome audiences back to the 2021–2022 Season. The health and safety of patrons, performers, staff, and volunteers is our top priority. Beginning November 22, 2021, in partnership with DPAA's venue partner Dayton Live, the following new health and safety protocols will be in place at all performances and events until further notice:
Vaccination and Testing – Proof of vaccination or COVID-19 testing will no longer be required to attend performances at Dayton Live venues, including the Schuster Center and the Victoria Theatre.
Masks – Masks will be required for all patrons over the age of 6 during the entire visit while attending a DPAA performance or event. Mask must cover both nose and mouth.
Tickets for the sensory-friendly performance of The Nutcracker are $25 and are available at the box office by calling (937) 228-3630 or online at https://daytonperformingarts.org/stream/sensory-friendly-the-nutcracker/. For more information on other performances by Dayton Philharmonic, Dayton Opera and Dayton Ballet, visit www.daytonperformingarts.org.
About the Dayton Performing Arts Alliance
The Dayton Performing Arts Alliance (DPAA) was formed in July 2012 as the result of a groundbreaking and innovative merger between the Dayton Ballet, the Dayton Opera, and the Dayton Philharmonic Orchestra. Together, they are the largest performing arts organization in the greater Dayton community, with a mission to be the community's indispensable source for traditional, diverse and innovative experiences in ballet, opera, and orchestral music. The vision of the DPAA is to transform lives through the power of music and dance. The DPAA offers a wide variety of performance and education programs, setting a new standard for artistic excellence. DPAA performances reach an audience of more than 90,000 people annually, and their rich arts education programming serves over 60,000 schoolchildren in 150 schools in the Miami Valley. These performances and education initiatives are made possible in part through major support provided by the Ohio Arts Council, Culture Works, the City of Dayton, Montgomery County and the National Endowment for the Arts. | {
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Win A Woman of the Iron People Eleanor Arnason
Nomination Beauty Sheri S. Tepper
Nomination Moonwise Greer Ilene Gilman
Nomination Tam Lin Pamela Dean
Nomination The Sorceress and the Cygnet Patricia A. McKillip
Win Haroun and the Sea of Stories Salman Rushdie
Nomination Castle in the Air Diana Wynne Jones
Nomination Elsewhere Will Shetterly
Nomination Jeremy Thatcher, Dragon Hatcher Bruce Coville
Nomination Song of the Gargoyle Zilpha Keatley Snyder
Win Word and Story in C. S. Lewis Charles A. Huttar and Peter J. Schakel
Nomination A Purgatorial Flame: Seven British Writers in the Second World War Sebastian D. G. Knowles
Nomination C. S. Lewis: A Biography A. N. Wilson
Nomination Owen Barfield on C. S. Lewis Owen Barfield
Nomination The Pattern in the Web: The Mythical Poetry of Charles Williams Roma A. King, Jr.
Win The Victorian Fantasists Kath Filmer
Nomination Mervyn Peake: The Evolution of a Dark Romantic Tanya J. Gardiner-Scott
Nomination The Weird Tale S. T. Joshi
Nomination Witches of the Mind: A Critical Study of Fritz Leiber Bruce Byfield | {
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Answers the question,"Do you have to put a disabled candidate at the top of the hiring list even if they are not qualified for the job?"
Answers the question,"Do you have to hire someone just because he or she has a covered disability,even if they cannot perform an essential function of the job?"
Answers the question,"How can a manager deal with performance issues when it comes to someone who is covered by the ADA?"
Answers the question,"What constitutes a 'reasonable accommodation' for someone who is covered under the ADA?"
Perspective paper on the topic of trainer selection.
These colorful, easy-to-use cards provide a leadership model (M.A.N.A.G.E.) and questions to address common team issues. These cards are great for a quick training reminder or conversation starter.
Retaining valued employees is one of the major challenges facing organizations today and in the future. With a tight labor market and our competitive environment, retaining our good employees is one of the most important efforts we can make as managers. Not only must we find and hire great employees, we have to work hard to keep them. | {
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«Сновидения» () — психологический триллер режиссёра Нила Джордана по мотивам романа Бари Вуд «Глаза куклы». Последний завершенный фильм Роберта Дауни-младшего до направления в Коркоран 2 в связи с обвинениями в употреблении и хранении наркотиков.
Сюжет
Эпиграф: «В 1965 году для создания Нортфилдского водохранилища, был эвакуирован город Нортфилд. Семь с половиной миллионов тонн воды вылилось на пустые улицы, вычеркнув из памяти всех когда-либо живших здесь, оставляя лишь затопленный город-призрак.»
Клэр Купер — иллюстратор детских книжек, любящая жена и заботливая мать. Её единственная дочь Ребекка готовится к роли в школьной постановке «Белоснежки». Эту идиллическую картину нарушают тревожные сны. В них незнакомый человек неопределённого пола с рыжими волосами ведет маленькую девочку по яблоневому саду. Что-то плохое поджидает невинную девочку впереди.
После школьной постановки «Белоснежки» Клэр прощается с мужем, Полом (он пилот гражданской авиации и вынужден улететь на два дня). Попрощавшись, Клэр ищет среди школьниц свою дочь. Та одета в костюм феи и может быть под маской. Очень скоро становится очевидно, что девочка исчезла. Ночные поиски ничего не дают кроме свисающих с куста крыльев феи, какие были на костюме дочери. Клэр с ужасом понимает, что невинная девочка из тревожных снов это её дочь Ребекка.
Утром труп Ребекки находят в озере водолазы. У Клэр происходит нервный срыв, и она гонит машину с дамбы в озеро. В коме её продолжают преследовать тревожные сны. Теперь это затопленный город. На стенах внутри одного из домов она видит странный стишок:
Долларом был мой отец,Я на заборе про то написал.Долларом был мой отец,Сотню центов никто бы не дал.
Через шесть недель она приходит в себя в больнице. Пропала ещё одна девочка. Клэр уверена, что злодей не только продолжает творить ужасные вещи, но и постепенно пожирает её разум. Это приводит её к ещё одной попытке самоубийства: она режет вены на руках, лишь бы прекратить этот кошмар.
Врачи диагностируют психоз и помещают Клэр в лечебницу для душевнобольных. Нельзя сказать что лечение идёт ей на пользу. Безумие постепенно поглощает её. Теперь видения показывают, что муж её лежит мёртвым в номере 401 отеля «Карлтон», а их собака Тобби обгладывает ему лицо; в то время как в реальности Пол приходит навестить её.
Пройдя терапию теразином, Клэр перестаёт бросаться на обслуживающий персонал и её переводят из одиночной палаты с мягкими стенами к другим пациентам. В своей новой палате под плохо приклеенными обоями, она обнаруживает всё тот же странный стишок про «папу-доллар», но теперь с подписью — Вивьен Томпсон. Соседка тоже видит выцарапанные на стене слова. Это придаёт Клэр уверенности будто она не умалишённая, и она решается бежать. Тем более в очередном видении она видит угрозу для ещё одной девочки — Руби.
Вивьен Томпсон — мальчик из снов Клэр — терпел издевательства и унижения от своей матери. Она наказывала его, запирая в сундуке, приковывала к кровати кандалами. А когда город эвакуировали, бросила на произвол судьбы. Несмотря на полное затопление города, ему удалось спастись и выплыть на поверхность, где его и нашли инженеры. Из-за психических травм мальчик стал психопатом. К нему даже применяли электрошоковую терапию. Будучи подростком, Вивьен пробрался через вентиляционные коммуникации из своей палаты в раздевалку для медперсонала, переоделся в медсестру и уехал на машине с охранником. По ходу побега он заколол одну из медсестёр и прострелил голову охраннику из его же табельного оружия.
Клэр бежит тем же образом что и Томпсон четверть века назад. Только в отличие от него, никого при этом не убивая. В конце побега Клэр встречает Вивьена, он ждал её у озера, чтобы доставить на заброшенную фабрику Good Apple, по загадочной причине до краёв наполненной свежими яблоками. По его замыслу теперь они заживут дружной семьёй: он, Клэр и Руби. Но Клэр понимает, что такому психопату сложно будет не убить кого-нибудь, появись у него такое желание, и она заставляет Руби бежать и позвать на помощь. Для неё же самой всё заканчивается плохо. Несмотря на то что полиции удаётся арестовать Томпсона, Клэр гибнет в водах озера. Последнее видение — объятия Ребекки — примиряет её со смертью.
Вивьена Томпсона суд признаёт невменяемым и определяет на принудительное лечение под стражей. Убийцу это не особо заботит. Он уже бывал в подобных учреждениях прежде, и полагает, что может пережить это. Но их связь с Клэр всё ещё не закончилась, и теперь она возвращается с того света, чтобы сделать его жизнь такой же невыносимой, как была её с тех пор как пропала Ребекка.
В ролях
Критика
Кристофер Налл с сайта filmcritic.com дал картине две из пяти звёзд, сказав: «Рассказ никак не собирается в единое целое, несмотря на захватывающее исполнение Бенинг полнейшего сумасшествия». Адам Голдберг из All Movie Guide дал фильму три из пяти звёзд, прокомментировав что этот фильм «слегка захватывающий хотя и несвязанный триллер… В конечном счете, "Сновидения" это смесь "Изгоняющего дьявола" и "Кошмара на улице Вязов", просто ему не хватило нового и будоражащего взгляда на предпосылку сон-реальность».
Примечания
Фильмы-триллеры США
Фильмы ужасов США
Фильмы на английском языке
Фильмы Amblin Entertainment
Фильмы DreamWorks Pictures
Фильмы США 1999 года | {
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Cheap flights from Los Angeles (LAX) to Kabul (KBL)
The best prices from Los Angeles to Kabul are usually found in April or September, booked 47 days in advance, depart on a Tuesday or Monday and return on a Sunday
Home Afghanistan Kabul Cheap flights from Los Angeles to Kabul
Los Angeles (LAX) to Kabul (KBL)
LAX - KBL
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From Los Angeles to Kabul
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What is the cheapest day to fly round-trip from Los Angeles to Kabul?
Users have found that leaving on a Monday can be a cost-effective option. It's possible to save up to 10% on your flight compared to booking on days when demand is much higher.
When is the cheapest time to fly from Los Angeles to Kabul (LAX - KBL)?
It's optimal to fly from Los Angeles to Kabul in the afternoon. By choosing this option you can save up to 30% on the cost of your flight, compared to a flight in the evening.
Cheap flights from Los Angeles to Kabul in January, February 2021
The best prices found for LAX to KBL flights for January, February
Kabul Khwaja Rawash
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Are flight prices decreasing from Los Angeles to Kabul due to COVID-19 (coronavirus)?
At this time, Cheapflights has noticed price decreases for many domestic flights due to COVID-19. Travel is not necessarily recommended at this time, and flights may be prone to cancellation: please check with local authorities in both Los Angeles and Kabul for travel alerts, and be sure to review the airline's cancellation policy and travel advisories before booking. For more information, please view our post on what to know about COVID-19 (coronavirus) and travel.
Which airlines flying from Los Angeles to Kabul Khwaja Rawash have flexible cancellations due to COVID-19?
Due to the rapidly changing circumstances due to COVID-19, airlines like Emirates and Turkish Airlines flying from Los Angeles to Kabul Khwaja Rawash have implemented new flexible cancellation policies.
Can I find flights from Los Angeles to Kabul for under $1,100 on Cheapflights?
Yes, there are multiple flights from Los Angeles to Kabul for under $1,100. The cheapest flight booked recently is on Turkish Airlines for just $1,049, but on average you can expect to pay $1,296.
Are there nonstop flights from Los Angeles to Kabul for under $1,000 on Cheapflights?
There are no nonstop flights from Los Angeles to Kabul, but Cheapflights can provide you with all the information you need to find the fastest route with the fewest stops.
Are there last-minute flights available from Los Angeles to Kabul for under $1,400?
There are currently 9+ open flights from Los Angeles to Kabul within the next 7 days for less than $1,400.
Within the past month, 288 users have taken a look at flights from Los Angeles to Kabul Khwaja Rawash.
Does it rain more in Los Angeles or Kabul?
When traveling, it's generally smart to pack in preparation for rain or any other conditions that may arise. The rainfall in Los Angeles is roughly greater than that of Kabul. You can assume this to be the case over the next 10 days.
Is Los Angeles weather warmer or cooler than Kabul?
We forecast the temperature to be around the 90 °F's in August, on average. The temperature in Kabul is generally colder than in Los Angeles. Book flights in a timely manner in correlation to your departure date.
How long is the flight from Los Angeles to Kabul?
Airlines like Turkish Airlines and Emirates fly from Los Angeles to Kabul in about 23h 50m. The time it takes to get you to your destination can typically vary by up to 3h 25m. When browsing for deals, the options you'll see will be for both nonstop flights and flights with stops.
What are the cheapest airlines flying from Los Angeles to Kabul round-trip?
Flying on Turkish Airlines is currently your cheapest option to Kabul, with prices starting at $1,049. Another option worth looking into is Emirates, starting at $1,354 round trip. You may be able to fly from Los Angeles to Kabul for 9% less than the average price by searching for these airlines.
What are the cheapest airlines to fly from Los Angeles to Kabul one-way?
The cheapest airlines for a one-way flight from Los Angeles to Kabul are Turkish Airlines ($804) and Emirates ($1,006).
Flights to Kabul from Los Angeles
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Burbank to Kabul from $2,181 pp
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$1 = AFN 77.70
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Flights from Los Angeles to Antigua and Barbuda | {
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What's the meaning of the phrase 'A nation of shopkeepers'?
This proverbial saying has a straightforward literal meaning, although it is intended to imply criticism of the English as a nation with little ambition.
What's the origin of the phrase 'A nation of shopkeepers'?
There's a veiled criticism in this saying, that the English are fit for little else, and it comes as no surprise that the two contenders who might claim coinage of it come from two nations with some disdain for the English - the Scots and the French.
"To found a great empire for the sole purpose of raising up a people of customers, may at first sight, appear a project fit only for a nation of shopkeepers. It is, however, a project altogether unfit for a nation of shopkeepers, but extremely fit for a nation whose government is influenced by shopkeepers. "
'The English are a nation of shopkeepers' - Adam Smith or Napoleon?
"And what is true of a shopkeeper is true of a shopkeeping nation." | {
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Meet actual masseuse's in Santana do Livramento that will perform happy endings and much more on the largest adult social networking site in the world.
Find a happy ending massage in Happy Endings Rio Grande do Sul including Santana do Livramento and nearby cities, Dom Pedrito (83 km), Rosario do Sul (91 km), Quarai (102 km), Alegrete (123 km), Cacequi (129 km), Sao Gabriel (131 km), Bage (145 km), Sao Francisco de Assis (152 km), Sao Pedro do Sul (191 km), Uruguaiana (193 km), Paso de los Libres (196 km), Bonpland (197 km), Yapeyu (198 km), Santiago (198 km), Cacapava do Sul (200 km), Sao Sepe (204 km).
Complete the short form below and you'll find a happy ending in Santana do Livramento or browse Happy Endings Rio Grande do Sul for more cities. Signup is free and all profiles are confidential.
There are approximately 354 registered profiles from Santana do Livramento. Including surrounding areas of Dom Pedrito, Rosario do Sul, Quarai, Alegrete, Cacequi, Sao Gabriel, Bage, Sao Francisco de Assis, Sao Pedro do Sul, Uruguaiana, Paso de los Libres, Bonpland, Yapeyu, Santiago, Cacapava do Sul, Sao Sepe, there are over 3,218 members and growing every day. | {
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Find below an updated list of 561 item numbers for use in Stardew Valley cheats.
The cheat codes in this list are for the latest version of Stardew Valley on all platforms including PC/Mac (Steam), PS4, XBOX One and the Nintendo Switch.
Type the name of an item into the search box to instantly search for a specific cheat code.
By naming an animal that you purchase with the IDs of up to three items you wish to spawn, surrounded by square brackets. For example, purchasing a chicken and naming it would give you an Iridium Sprinkler (ID 645), a Rabbit's Foot (ID 446) and the Legend Fish (ID 163).
By naming your character with the IDs of up to three items you wish to spawn, surrounded by square brackets and then speaking to a villager that says your name in their dialogue (for example, Gus at the Stardrop Saloon). The ID for clay is 330, naming your chracter would spawn clay every time a villager says your name in dialogue.
Note: as you cannot change your name in Stardew Valley, the naming your character method can only be used to spawn up to three types of items each game.
For more in-depth help using the item cheat, please see our spawning items guide. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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There is no such thing as a minor driving while intoxicated (DWI) violation in Texas State legislation. If you are arrested, charged, and convicted for a first offense DWI, even if your criminal and driving records are otherwise spotless, you could be slammed with some of the harshest criminal and administrative penalties in the country for such a violation. If you want to keep your driving privileges and quite possibly your freedom, you need to be willing to take action and stand up for yourself.
At the Law Office of Mac Morris, I proudly empower my clients and give them a real fighting chance against the strength of the Texas criminal justice system. When it seems that a conviction will be certain, I continue fighting, utilizing every applicable defense strategy I have mastered throughout my 20+ years of legal and trial experience. Contact me, one of the most-renowned DWI lawyers in Plano, today to learn more about what I can do to protect you from the unforgiving law.
What are the Offenses for a First Offense DWI?
You might be thinking, "How bad can a first offense DWI conviction really be?" Do not make the mistake of resting on your laurels and believing that nothing bad will happen. Texas State DWI penalties are notorious for being far stricter when compared to similar offenses in other states.
Unlike many other states in the country, Texas State may also place an annual surcharge against you when your license suspension expires. For the first three years of your license's reinstatement, you will have to pay a fine that can range from $1,000 to $2,000. In the worst of circumstances, this means you could be paying out another $6,000 on top of all the other fines, fees, and taxes you have already paid.
Keep in mind that this is only for your first DWI offense. Subsequent offenses will get worse and there is no "lookback period" – your first offense will be on your driving record forever in most cases.
Your first time DWI is most likely going to be considered a misdemeanor but it could be escalated to a felony depending on the circumstances of your arrest. If your blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level was significantly higher than 0.08% at the time of your detainment, or if you harm someone in an accident caused by your intoxication, it can be considered an extreme DWI, which is a felony. You could be facing even higher fines and a year or more in jail, as defined by felony legal statutes, for a first time conviction.
After many DWI arrests in Texas, the alleged offender will be granted less than a month to take action and challenge the charges. You cannot afford to hesitate when so much is hanging in the balance. Be quick but not hasty and contact my firm. One of my Plano and Collin County DWI lawyers can review your case for free and tell you what should happen next. | {
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-Review- Weight Of Emptiness - "Conquering The Deep Cycle" Album
Weight Of Emptiness elevate their Metal sound to even geater heights with their newest album.
www.facebook.com/weightofemptiness
From: Santiago, Chile
Sounds like: Avant-garde Death Metal
The opener "Conquering" is a short intro track that conjures up instrumental tones that builds a darker atmosphere. "Invisible Mind Workers" has a lot going for it. The early In Flames vibes are strong with the track as well as some Cradle Of Filth. The track is extremely heavy and really never lets up. "Chucao" keeps the heaviness going at full speed. There's a section of the track that breaks into a calm like setting before blasting back off with some awesome guitar work and clean singing. The single "The Flame" blasts down the doors of the Metal genre. The track is hard as nails and deserves your attention with its intensity. "Lapse of Insanity" slows things down for a bit at first before transitioning into a more Progressive Deathcore like sound. The track has more of a controlled chaos to it than the previous tracks. "Lamentos" is softer and more like a Metal ballad. The track wears its heart on its sleeve and will get those live lighters up in no time. "Eleven Ravens" gets back to the crunchy Metal sound is hard, heavy and mosh inducing. The guitar solo on the track is incredible. "Drainers" has a bit of Unearth to it. There's so many layers on the track as it twists, turns and just knows how to lure in the listener with riffs, breakdowns and melody. "Lurking Hope" will be a fan favorite in no time. The track just needs to be heard to be believed. "Two Years Alone" features a more Killer Be Killed like sound as it's packed with melody, brutality and riffs galore. The closer "Deep Cycle" is a synth laden outro that track is ambient in nature. The album overall is quite good and enough depth that Metal fans will find something they enjoy.
Posted in Death Metal, Review, Weight Of Emptiness | {
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Need a cure for the economic hangover? Try hamburgers.
That remedy has been working for The Habit, a tri-county burger chain that's been putting more and more locations on its plate in recent years and proving that the hamburger is healthy — at least in terms of sales. As the economy has slumped, fast food has dominated the restaurant industry, and burgers are feeding its expansion.
The Habit, based in Santa Barbara, has been helping people find the beef for 40 years now. The chain has 27 branches across the state, but customers are hungry for more, and The Habit is adding eight Southern California locations in 2010. | {
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Vintage 1950s Style Black Red Polka Dot Swimsuit uploaded by SwimDir at June 4, 2015 in category Bathing Suits. The great Vintage 1950s Style Black Red Polka Dot Swimsuit image in this page is one of the best photos that related to the main topics Old Fashioned Vintage Bathing Suits.
If you're interested to Vintage 1950s Style Black Red Polka Dot Swimsuit, you might also like to browse our gallery about Bathing Suits or view the great SwimDir below about Old Fashioned Vintage Bathing Suits. | {
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All throughout history people have invoked gods of various kinds, including incomprehensibly strange creators. Crediting an almighty god as the creator of the universe is an acknowledgement that the universe is so complex and beautiful that only a being much greater than human could create it.
People from every inhabited corner of the planet have told stories about the creator and how he or she brought the world into existence. Creators have been seen as male and female, wonderful and awesome, terrible and unknowable. They are usually the oldest being in any pantheon.
Modern scientists too have a creation story: the Big Bang. Some modern people do not believe God set off the Big Bang. In fact, many millions of people from various traditions around the world, including Christians and Muslims, still believe in fundamentalist creation stories.
A creator is difficult to understand because it doesn't show itself except through its works. It doesn't explain how or when or why it made the universe and us. So people develop stories or allegories to explain the inexplicable: How did our universe come to be?
There was probably really never any creator who vomited up everything, or who fought a monster and sliced up her body and created the world from it, or who hatched the universal egg on her stomach and created the world and heavens from its parts. It's uncertain if people truly believed these things happened, but these exact stories were first told long ago.
Of a long time ago, long ago these things are said.
It is said that at To bil dahisk'id white arose in the east and was considered day. We now call that spot Place Where the Waters Crossed.
Blue arose in the south. It too was considered day. So the Nilch'I diné'e, who already lived there, moved around. We would call them Air-Spirit People in the language spoken today by those who are given the name Bilagaana, which means White Man.
In the west yellow arose and showed that evening had come. Then in the north black arose. So the Air-Spirit People lay down and slept.— From the book Diné bahane: The Navajo Creation Story, University of New Mexico Press, Paul G. Zolbrod, editor and translator.
The text of the Navajo creation story runs 300 pages in Zolbrod's book, and it tells a lot about ancient Navajo Indians.
It is fortunate the Navajo people have such a complete creation story from many centuries ago. Other indigenous people are not so lucky. Many ancient people's stories were never recorded and are lost because their cultures or civilizations ended by attrition or in various disasters, including colonialism, imperialism, and genocide.
Atum of Egypt, "the not-yet-Completed One who will attain completion" and dwelt in the primordial depths, masturbated to create the father and mother of the earth and sky.
Nammu is the Sumerian mother ancestress who gave birth to all the gods.
Enki of Sumer impregnated the lovely Ninhursag, who was the mother of the land.
Marduk of Babylon sliced up the body of the terrible monster Tiamat and formed all of creation from her corpus.
The Persian gods Ahura Mazda, who fashioned all that is positive on Earth, and Ahriman, who fashioned all that is negative, are still believed in by Zoroastrians.
Awonawilona was the Zuni god who existed before the beginning and who contained the universe within his male and female self.
In Jewish Cabala, the Aged of the Aged, Unknown of the Unknown, Truth of all Truths, Form without Form, the Uncreated Uncreating has an unblinking face, Makroposopos, always seen in profile. On it is the blinking face of the Uncreated Creating, Mikroprosopos. Joseph Campbell describes them in his book The Hero With a Thousand Faces . Campbell said Cabalists believe Makroposopos is the "I AM" of the Old Testament, and the Mikroprosopos is named God.
The Bible's El or Elohim, worshipped by more than any other people and still invoked today by Christians, Jews and Muslims, saw that the earth was a shapeless, chaotic mass and divided the light from darkness and brought the world and all in it into being.
Kali Ma is the Dark Mother of Hinduism dwelling in an ocean of her own blood. Still worshiped, she is goddess of creation, preservation and destruction and has terrible aspect and benevolent aspects.
The god known as Io-matua-te-kora,"Io the parentless," is one of several creators to Polynesian people. Polynesian creation stories began with Te Kore, chaos, or the void. Then Te Pō, the night, and Te Ao Mārama, the world of light, come in. "There are numerous stages of Te Kore, Te Pō and Te Ao Mārama recorded in different whakapapa [genealogical tables] with each stage begetting the next. Sequences vary in different tribal retellings," says The Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
Kiho of Tuomotua, another Polynesian god of New Zealand people, mused all potential things and caused his thought to be invoked.
The Dogon people still worship Amma, who created the egg from which hatched the twins who came forth as male and female, day and night, wet and dry, land beings and water beings, and good and evil. "The notion of a creator god named Amma or Amen is not unique to the Dogon but can also be found in the religious traditions of other West African and North African groups," says Encyclopedia Britannica .
Bunjil of Australia formed rivers, trees, plants and hills from the bare lands and then men from the clay. His brother Bat created women from mud in the depths of the water.
Bumba of the Congo was a giant white god in human form who got a stomachache and vomited up the sun and moon and stars. He got sick again and vomited up the living creatures -- a leopard, a crested eagle, a crocodile, a small fish, a tortoise, a white heron a beetle, a goat, and then created humans.
Kururumany of the Arawaks was a creator who created men and goodness. Kulmina created women. Christopher Columbus and his henchmen killed off the Arawak Indians with murder, slavery and disease beginning in 1492 when the "conquistadores" came to Hispaniola and the New World.
Luonnotar of Finland was all alone in the vast emptiness of space and then came down to the sea, where the wind caressed her bosom and the seas made her fertile. The great Roc visited her and made a nest upon her upthrust pelvis and laid eggs there, which made her aroused and excited, causing the eggs to spill out and break, the shells forming the earth and sky, the yolks the sun, the whites the moon, the spotted fragments the stars, and the black fragments the clouds.
Pangu of China also hatched the universe from a cosmic egg.
Earth diver, known to many peoples around the world, dove down into the first waters and brought up mud or earth from which the world took shape.
Vishnu, loved by hundreds of millions of Hindus still today, evolved from the primordial reality of praktri and then created the universe through austerities and meditation.
If some Unknowable and Formless Ancient of Ancients, or some goddess-woman visited by a huge egg-laying bird, or some lonely being who just mused everything into being actually created our world, he or she must indeed be a fantastic being.
Most of those stories are somehow related to Water, as in water is an Integral element of creation. I wonder why? Maybe Water symbolizes something like an "Ether Field" / "Quantum Superposition Field" etc. and whoever it is that creates the Universe/World etc. is somehow interacting with it or using it in the creation by some seemingly random Act, any interaction with a Field/Particle in a Superposition state will "collapse it" into a Specific state like the Universe. But then where did those "primitive" peoples got the idea, long before Plank, Heisenberg and Pauli? Did they have something like an Epiphany from "Magic Mushrooms" ?
GOD. He,She,It,was,is,always will be the embodiment of the Great Unknown that is Us! God is our Source, our life, our destroyer, our punisher, our Boogieman, our Giver and our Devourer!
For I am That which you cannot find.
Hard Guy to figure out, but then.....just take a look at US!
Another great article. Ancient Origins has been an inspiration for me as I continue to try to understand myself and the world I live in.
This is a wonderful part of a poem John Dale. "the tears you weep"....not every human form can feel...the fact that the person who wrote this poem has tears reveals that they have the spark of Divinity in them.....they are not a machine. If we study the human forms around us, maybe it will become clear to some, as it has to me that not every human form is capable of feeling or loving. This is what separates the children of Ohrmad fro those of Ahriman....yes, there is a difference.
"For, I am That which you cannot find".....the Buddha taught that we have to quiet our mind and search within to find that spark of Divinity and remember who we are. So, the idea of meditation,, but meditation is not just achieving mindlessness as some Buddhist suggest, it is a process of remembering. Emerson spent time in Nature and he was able to hear her speak to him.....he was able to see the "authentic fire" of God shine through the black smoke of Typhon. The first step to remembering maybe to see the beauty in a flower or a sunset....to quiet the mind and not be caught up in distraction.....As in the Seven Sermons to the Dead by Jung....turn your eyes away from the flaming spectacle of ABRAXAS...as in Pluto's Allegory of the Cave, to stop watching the shadows on the cave wall and seek for the exit of the cave. Stop watching TV...the stupid dramas that keep us distracted and from remembering who we are.
You have obviously done some soul searching of your own,Karla, from what one can read here. Don't know who the children of Ohrmad or Ahriman are though, where do they fit in? A quick search on the net came up empty. Now I am curious.
I kind of like the hierarchical manifestation of knowledge shown in the Vedanta tradition. Its like a pyramid. The base is wide and composed of many bricks while the capstone on top is a singularity. This symbolizes the complexities of basal existence at the bottom to the top where there is only the "One". It is said that as one rises in awareness the knowables decrease in number and the mind is less busy, freeing up energy to admire what one does see. I can see enough bricks to tell me I'm nowhere near the top yet.
To my best recollection, He hasn't personally told me squat, but there have been seemingly divine instances in my life. That being said, my personally believed doctrine would be that of some ancient genetic modifications of the primates and neo-homo-whatchamacallits resulting in our current hodgepodge of humanity. As for deities, believe what you will. | {
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Do you feel like you are in a time of transition? Does it seem that circumstances are changing and shaking all around you, relationships are being tested and things are happening so fast that it seems hard to keep up with it all?
If you are nodding your head or saying "yes" to one or more of the above you are not alone. In fact you are amongst many, not just in the UK, but around the globe.
For some this is happening in more than one area. Family, friendships, work situations and churches; it can seem quite unsettling to say the least. So what can we hold onto during these times and what should we look out for?
Sometimes scriptures like these can become so familiar to us that we overlook the powerful meaning of them. This passage from Romans essentially means that He is deeply concerned about us! Think on that for a moment and then dwell on the fact that 'all things' really does include everything, not just 'some things'.
Many of life's turns seem outside of our control. For example, being made redundant, family members or close friends moving away, but God can work even these together for our good. We simply need to see challenges like this from heaven's perspective and hold onto Father's hand with childlike trust.
In his book, 'Army of the Dawn', Rick Joyner writes about the season we are in and helps to explain how the Lord is shifting people into new places and mobilising the end time army. It is truly an encouraging read.
Maybe you feel that you need to make some tough decisions in life-changing areas, if so I encourage you to be bold and courageously close doors that you need to close and open doors that you need to open. I believe that as you do so you will see the Lord do remarkable things in both the alignment and assignment in your life.
My husband Rod and I are right in the middle of one of these life transitions, moving to a new place from a place we have lived and worked for many years. We felt the call of God to join MSE team at a deeper level in December 2015 and moved to Chester in March 2016. We left behind in Norfolk four of our children and eleven grandchildren so it was a big decision.
We really sought the Lord and faced changes in family circumstances that could have caused us to rethink and not be so bold as to move 243 miles away. But we have seen the faithfulness of God as He has looked after our loved ones, strengthened and empowered them as we have focused on His call on our lives.
We have also seen His favour upon us, had opportunities we never dreamed of (like visiting the White House) and been privileged to serve Him in ways we didn't know we were capable of. For example, we prophesied five hours straight over more than sixty people in one evening!
I sense we are being called into a greater level of commitment in relationships, not just in natural families but within friendships, ministries and communities where we can be truly 'as one' just as the Lord intends for us (John 17:21). This may mean letting go of some relationships in order to deepen and strengthen others. This will be of great importance for the days ahead.
Our heart is to do this as we answer the call of God to serve in new ways, both in a new locality and with a diverse community of people all across Europe and beyond. Firstly, when we moved to Chester we spent the first four months living with a lovely couple who opened their home to us and our Irish Setter, Ruby. What we didn't know in the beginning was just how deep our friendship would develop. As we journeyed together we realised that the Lord was opening our hearts to build true community together where we don't just 'do church' but where we live similar to the early disciples in Acts 2:42, eating together regularly , sharing the Word, worshipping and praying together and very importantly sharing the care of our community in practical ways.
We've felt led to all move specifically to the area of Blacon within Chester so that we can live amongst those we feel called to reach.
By doing this, we have all 'stepped into' fulfilment of prophetic words, greater levels of authority and new doors have opened. We have also seen blessings extended to our families.
It hasn't been without challenge (and tears) and we have had to fix our focus on what we know the Lord has spoken to us. His promises have held us and we have felt the prayers of others along the way.
We would love to receive testimonies of how the Lord is leading you and any prophetic words He has given you for your community or the nation(s).
Michelle Smith and her husband Rod are MFM Pastors and part of the MorningStar Europe core team. They have a heart for training, healing and 'engaging with heaven'. They work internationally building relationally with many ministries. Founders of 'Healing Streams' a charity with a focus on UK and Kenya. | {
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A few weeks ago I made a video talking about the importance of having a motorcycle cover while touring. I recommended the Nelson Rigg UV-2000 half cover as that's the one I've been using for years. You guys responded saying there have been changes made to the product since I bought mine so I reached out to Nelson Rigg and they were nice enough to answer my questions and send me a new cover to test. I hope you enjoy the video about the updated Nelson Rigg UV-2000 half cover. | {
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This study is an international phase 3 randomized, open-label, parallel group efficacy and safety study to evaluate oral daily relugolix 120 mg in patients with androgen-sensitive advanced prostate cancer who require at least 1 year (48 weeks) of continuous androgen deprivation therapy. Relugolix 120 mg orally once daily or leuprolide acetate depot suspension, 22.5 mg (or 11.25 mg in some Asian countries), every 3-months (3-M) by subcutaneous or intramuscular injection will be administered to patients with prostate cancer who require androgen deprivation therapy. Approximately 1100 patients will be enrolled in this study, including approximately 390 patients with metastatic advanced prostate cancer to support the analysis of the secondary endpoint of time to castration-resistance and 138 Chinese patients (enrolled in China and Taiwan) to support registration in China. The study includes a Screening Period, a Treatment Period of 48 weeks, and a Follow-up Period. Additionally, unscheduled follow-up visit(s) may be arranged for patients with study-related safety concerns as needed. Eligible patients include those with evidence of biochemical relapse (rising PSA) following local primary intervention with curative intent, newly diagnosed metastatic disease (excluding metastases to the brain), and/or advanced localized disease. Following successful completion of the Screening period study participants will be randomized 2:1 to oral relugolix 120 mg once daily or leuprolide acetate 22.5 mg (or 11.25 mg in some Asian countries) 3-M depot subcutaneous or intramuscular injection and will attend visits monthly (ie, every 4 weeks) where serum testosterone and PSA will be assessed. Safety will be assessed throughout the study by monitoring adverse events, vital signs, physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, and 12-lead electrocardiograms. | {
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Fast PCR enzymes shorten cycling times, thus reducing time from sample to results and increasing throughput. Phusion and Phire DNA Polymerases incorporate more nucleotides per binding event as compared to other polymerases. This high procesivity allows the use of very short extension times and results in very short overall PCR cycling. | {
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The 1975 Yamaha RD350 Cafe Racer For Sale is said to be the fastest of all the 350 motorcycles from the 1970s. This RD 350 has a rebuilt engine and I have done a lot of work and made repairs PLUS I also have some additional parts including an original rear fender, taillight, turn signal, and a few other rubber seals that come with the bike as well as a clean title in my name! There is also have a PDF owner's repair manual that I can e-mail to the new owner and I know of a website where you can buy any part you need! The RD350 is an awesome motorcycle that is FAST and lots of fun to ride. It is so fast that it beats Harley Davidson Sportsters with over twice the engine size.
As nice as it is; it needs a new rear tire and there's a short in the horn.
It's tags are expired since I haven't gotten around to getting it tagged after the motor was rebuilt but it does have insurance.
The 75 Yamaha RD 350 is at the top of every list of bikes to own and ride from the 70s since it was the fastest 350 around and would commonly beat 750 bikes.
A guy I know had one that he used to drag race to make extra cash!
It runs pre-mix and to gas it up, you have to mix the fuel and oil because the oil injection pump has been removed and it needs a new coil.
If you are aware of any problems that are known to be associated with the Yamaha RD 350 or if you simply would like to voice your opinion or write a review you are more than welcome to do so using the space below that has been provided by Strike Lightning's Gogocycles Used Motorcycles for Sale (and PLEASE do not neglect to include your contact information in your email or to provide a phone number or email address!) so that I can respond with answers to your questions or so that our visitors can respond to your remarks or voice their own opinions if they would like.
Strike Lightning's GoGocycles appreciates your interest in the 1975 Yamaha RD350 Cafe Racer For Sale as well your making comments or sharing any information that you have on it to make the biker community aware of any problems that are commonly associated with the 1975 model or to highlight its positive features and help potential buyers make informed decisions.
The old 1975 Yamaha Cafe Racer has a clear North Carolina title (located in Pflugerville)and it will come to the new owner with a helmet.
My asking PRICE is $2900 (if you want to test ride it you must have cash in hand and if you wreck it you bought it!) or you are welcome to submit a best offer bid when you email me and don't forget to mention that you found this ad on GoGoCycles Motorcycle Classifieds Motorcycle Classifieds gogocycles.com. I am not desperate to sell but wouldn't mind starting a new project. | {
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When setting goals this year, be very specific. According to Jack Canfield, Don't just say, " I want to make more money this year." But rather, as an example: " I want to make an extra $10,000 by March 31, 2017, by 5 p.m." When you have your goals written and by when you want them accomplished, your mind automatically increases its sense of urgency. The reticular activating system in the brain starts thinking about ways to accomplish the goal. The mind starts seeing resources that it didn't before and creates an environment of maintained urgency.
When you visualize your goals as if you have already achieved them, your mind and body can't tell the difference. When you put your mind in a state where your external experiences try to manifest a visual reality that has been built in the subconscious, you start working backwards as if you have already achieved the goal. If your goal is weight loss then visualize your ideal body type. See yourself as if already having manifested that body. Photoshop your face over the perfect image that you want for yourself and look at it three times per day.
In this modern world of social media it's easy to check your Facebook and Instagram mutliple times per minute. It is also easy to forget what you were about to Tweet when reading so many other tweets. One way to stay on top of your productivity is to focus on completing a task for 10 minute increments and then reward yourself by checking Facebook or Instagram for one minute. Spend 10 minutes on a task without checking social media, and then after completing the task, reward yourself by checking Facebook or Instagram or sending a Tweet as a one minute break. If working on a longer task, such as studying for an exam or work related paperwork, spend 50 minutes without any distractions, and then reward yourself with a 10 minute social media break.
When you wake up in the morning, on an empty stomach, and you exercise, it starts your day with more energy. If you combine the visualization imagery in addition to exercising in the morning your mind and body becomes synergistic to find foods that will fuel. Rather than eating a large breakfast in the morning to satisfy a craving, a morning exercise will make body wanting foods that will continue wanting it to feel brisk throughout the rest of the day.
T. Harv Eker, best-selling author of "The Millionaire Mind" says, "Comfort is the kiss of death to ultimate success." Being in your comfort zone means overeating the foods you normally do when you get hungry. It means passively watching TV longer than planned. It means going through the motions. Remember the last time you worked out with a personal trainer and how you felt the next day. Compare that with how you feel after an average, mundane workout. Reaching farther that you think you are capable of is what fuels growth. Growth is what fuels progress towards achievements, that seem otherwise impossible. | {
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Um trem de pouso convencional é um tipo de trem de pouso de aeronaves que consiste em duas rodas principais à frente do centro de gravidade e uma pequena roda (bequilha) ou sapata na cauda. Em inglês, usa-se também o termo taildragger, apesar de alguns alegarem que este deveria aplicar-se apenas a aeronaves que possuem uma sapata, ao invés de uma roda na cauda.
O termo "convencional" persiste por razões históricas, mas todos os aviões a jato modernos e a maior parte das aeronaves a hélice modernas utilizam o trem de pouso triciclo.
História
Nas primeiras aeronaves construídas, uma sapata feita de metal ou madeira era usada para suportar a cauda no solo. Em muitas aeronaves modernas com trem de pouso convencional, um pequeno sistema de roda articulado é colocado na parte mais traseira da estrutura da aeronave, no lugar da sapata. Esta roda pode ser controlada pelo piloto através de uma conexão com os pedais do leme, permitindo que ambos movam-se em conjunto.
Antes das aeronaves usarem as rodas na cauda, muitas aeronaves (como um grande número de aeronaves da Primeira Guerra Mundial, tal como o caça Camel) eram equipadas com sapatas manobráveis, operando de uma forma similar à roda. Quando o piloto pressionada o pedal direito do leme - ou o descanso do pé direito de uma "barra do leme" nestas aeronaves - a sapata pivotava para a direita, criando mais arrasto naquele lado, fazendo com que a aeronave curvasse para a direita. Apesar de menos eficaz que uma roda manobrável, dava ao piloto algum controle sobre a direção da máquina enquanto taxiava ou no início da corrida de decolagem, antes de ter fluxo de ar suficiente para que o leme fosse efetivo.
Outra forma de controle, que é menos comum agora do que já foi, é manobrar a aeronave usando "frenagem diferencial", na qual a bequilha é um mecanismo simples e livre, com a aeronave sendo manobrada ao aplicar o freio em uma das rodas principais para curvar naquela direção. Isso também é usado em algumas aeronaves com trem de pouso triciclo, com a triquilha (roda do nariz) sendo a roda livre. Assim como a roda/sapata manobrável, normalmente é integrado aos pedais do leme para permitir uma fácil transição entre o controle da roda e o aerodinâmico.
Vantagens
A configuração convencional oferece várias vantagens sobre o arranjo triciclo, que tornam as aeronaves com esta configuração mais baratas para fabricar e manter.
Devido a sua posição muito além do centro de gravidade, a bequilha suporta uma pequena parte do peso da aeronave, permitindo que ela seja muito menor e mais leve que uma roda no nariz. Como resultado disso, a roda menor pesa menos e causa menos arrasto parasita.
Devido a forma com que as cargas são distribuídas na estrutura da aeronave enquanto operando em uma superfície não pavimentada, as aeronaves com trem de pouso convencional são mais capazes de manter-se em uso neste tipo de local por um período maior de tempo, sem ocorrer danos à estrutura da aeronave.
Se uma bequilha falhar durante o pouso, o dano à aeronave será mínimo. Este não é o caso em uma falha de uma roda de nariz, que normalmente resulta em danos à hélice e ao motor.
Devido à maior distância da hélice para o chão, é menos provável ocorrer danos de pedras batendo na hélice e fuselagem, especialmente ao decolar de pistas de cascalho, tornando-os mais viáveis para voos nestes aeródromos.
São mais viáveis para a operação com esquis.
São mais fáceis de caber e manobrar dentro de alguns hangares.
Desvantagens
O trem de pouso convencional também tem desvantagens, se comparado ao trem de pouso triciclo.
Aeronaves com trem de pouso convencionais são mais sujeitas a acidentes de pilonagem, devido a aplicações de freio demasiadas pelo piloto.
Estes modelos também são mais suscetíveis ao ground looping. Isto ocorre quando o controle direcional é perdido no solo e a cauda da aeronave passa o nariz, trocando os lados e às vezes até completando um círculo completo. Este evento pode resultar em danos ao trem de pouso, pneus, pontas de asa, hélice e motor. O ground looping ocorre devido ao momento que existe entre o centro de gravidade da aeronave e o ponto de controle direcional (bequilha), que é muito maior do que em um avião com trem de pouso triciclo. Além disso, algumas aeronaves com trem de pouso convencionais exigem um momento de transição entre o uso do leme e o uso do controle direcional da roda ao passar por um limite de velocidade, pois tanto um como o outro pode se tornar ineficiente em determinadas velocidades.
Sofrem de uma pior visibilidade para frente no solo, se comparados com aeronaves equipadas com trem de pouso triciclo. Frequentemente, isto requer curvas em "S" contínuas no solo para permitir que o piloto veja onde está taxiando.
São mais difíceis de taxiar durante condições de vento forte, devido ao maior ângulo de ataque da asa, que pode desenvolver mais sustentação em um dos lados, tornando o controle difícil ou até impossível. Também sofrem de uma menor capacidade de operar em ventos cruzados.
Devido à alta atitude do nariz no solo, os aviões com trem de pouso convencional a hélice são mais adversamente afetados pelo "Fator-P", potência assimétrica causada pelo disco da hélice angulado na direção de seu giro, fazendo com que as pás da hélice gerem mais sustentação para um dos lados, devido aos diferentes ângulos de ataque que a pá atinge ao passar pelo ar. A aeronave então irá ter a tendência de puxar para o lado para onde a hélice gira. Algumas aeronaves não têm eficiência suficiente no leme em alguns regimes de voo (especialmente em altas potências no momento da decolagem) e o piloto deve compensar isso antes que a aeronave comece a guinar. Algumas aeronaves, particularmente as mais antigas como o P-51 Mustang, não pode usar toda a potência na decolagem por não ser capaz de controlar-se em solo. No pouso, este fator não é tão preocupante, mas ao aumentar a potência para abortar um pouso pode induzir uma guinada incontrolável se o piloto não estiver preparado.
Aeronaves a jato com trem de pouso convencional
Os aviões a jato normalmente não podem usar trem de pouso convencional, pelo fato disto colocar os motores em um alto ângulo, fazendo com que o ar expelido bata no solo e suba de novo ao ar, fazendo com que os profundores não funcionem corretamente. Este problema ocorreu com o terceiro, ou "V3", protótipo do caça alemão Messerschmitt Me 262. Após os quatro primeiros protótipos desta aeronave terem sido construídas com um trem de pouso convencional retrátil, o quinto foi equipado com um trem de pouso triciclo fixo para testes, já com o sexto protótipo e os seguintes recebendo um trem de pouso triciclo retrátil. Um grande número de outras aeronaves experimentais e protótipos tinham trem de pouso convencional, incluindo o primeiro jato bem-sucedido, o Heinkel He 178, a aeronave de pesquisas Ball-Bartoe Jetwing e um único Vickers VC.1 Viking, que foi modificado com motores Rolls Royce Nene para se tornar o primeiro avião comercial a jato.
Poucos exemplos deste tipo de aeronave que entrou em produção e foi utilizado em serviço, incluem o caça naval britânico Supermarine Attacker e o soviético Yakovlev Yak-15. Ambos voaram pela primeira vez em 1946 e tiveram esta configuração por serem desenvolvimentos de aeronaves anteriores a hélice. A configuração do Attacker foi o resultado do uso da asa do Supermarine Spiteful, evitando assim uma modificação cara ou necessidade de novas ferramentas. A exaustão do motor era atrás do profundor e da bequilha, reduzindo os problemas. O Yak-15 foi baseado no Yakovlev Yak-3. Seu motor era montado sob a fuselagem dianteira. Apesar de sua configuração não usual, o Yak-15 era fácil de voar. Apesar de ser um caça, foi principalmente utilizado para preparar pilotos soviéticos para voar em caças mais avançados.
Trem de pouso com apenas uma roda
Uma variação deste tipo de trem de pouso é o trem de pouso com apenas uma roda.
Para minimizar o arrasto, muitos planadores modernos tem uma única roda, retrátil ou fixa e centralizada sob a fuselagem, que normalmente é conhecido como "trem monoroda". Este tipo também é usado em algumas aeronaves motorizadas, onde a redução de arrasto é uma prioridade, tal como o Europa XS. Ambos usam pernas de ponta de asa retráteis (com pequenas rodas conectadas) para evitar que as pontas da asa batam no chão. Este modelo pode ter uma roda na cauda (como o Europa) ou no nariz (como o Schleicher ilustrado).
Treinamento
Aeronaves com trem de pouso convencional requerem mais treinamento. Este foi um grande fator durante a década de 1950 na troca pela maior parte dos fabricantes de aeronaves para trens de pouso triciclos e por muitos anos, estes têm sido mais populares que os de trem de pouso convencional. Como resultado disso, a maior parte dos pilotos privados aprendem a voar em aeronaves com trem de pouso triciclo (como o Cessna 152 ou Piper Cherokee) para depois aprender a voar em aeronaves com trem de pouso convencional.
Técnicas
Pousar uma aeronave com trem de pouso convencional pode ser feito de duas formas.
Pousos normais são feitos ao tocar todas as três rodas ao mesmo tempo, chamado de "pouso três pontos". Este método permite pousar na menor distância possível, mas pode ser difícil de realizar em situações de vento cruzado, pelo fato do controle do leme ser severamente reduzido antes que a bequilha se torne efetiva.
A alternativa é chamada de "pouso de pista". Este tipo de pouso requer que o piloto pouse a aeronave em seu trem de pouso principal, enquanto mantendo a bequilha no ar com o profundor para manter um baixo ângulo de ataque. Uma vez que a aeronave tenha desacelerado para garantir que o controle não será perdido, mas ainda acima da velocidade na qual a efetividade do leme é perdida, então a bequilha é baixada ao solo.
Exemplos
Exemplos de aeronaves com trem de pouso convencional incluem:
Aviões
de Havilland Canada DHC-2 Beaver
Douglas DC-3
Maule M-7
Messerschmitt Bf 109
Piper J-3 Cub
Supermarine Spitfire
Helicópteros
Boeing AH-64 Apache - Helicóptero de ataque
Sikorsky SH-3 Sea King - Helicóptero anti-submarino
Modificações de aeronaves com trem de pouso triciclo
Várias modificações são oferecidas para converter muitos aviões equipados com trem de pouso triciclo para trem de pouso convencional. Abaixo, seguem alguns modelos que já possuem essas modificações criadas:
Cessna 150
Cessna 152
Cessna 172
Cessna 175
Cessna 182
Piper PA-22 Tri-Pacer
Referências
Notas
Bibliografia
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Q: Python Beautiful Soup stops parsing I try to parse the attached text.txt file (with html syntax) by the following script.
#!/usr/bin/python3
import re
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
pattern = re.compile("www.geocaching.com")
f=open("text.txt")
text=f.read()
f.close()
s = BeautifulSoup(text)
a = s.find_all(href=pattern)
print(len(a))
print (a[len(a)-1])
My expectation is to have all tags with href="www.geocaching.com", but I do not get all from the file attached.
The last one is:
<a class="lnk " href="http://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC3HWHJ_corse-known-unknown-2-view-on-ile-de-giraglia"><span>Corse known & unknown 2 - View on Ile de Giraglia</span></a>
if I delete the lines 626-674, containing only some simple html code, I get the next two, i.e. the last is
<a class="lnk " href="http://www.geocaching.com/geocache/GC3MEDG_tour-genoise-dagnello"><span>TOUR GENOISE D'AGNELLO</span></a>
but again I don't get all results I can find manually in the html file.
The file I use is from here (I downloaded it to use it locally)
https://www.geocaching.com/seek/nearest.aspx?lat=43.410333&lon=09.0476&dist=100
A: Try to use CSS Selector instead in the following way :
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
f = open("text.txt")
text = f.read()
f.close()
soup = BeautifulSoup(text)
# this find all the href containing the text "www.geocaching.com"
links = soup.select('[href]~="www.geocaching.com"')
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(Black Press Media file photo)
3 Parksville Qualicum Beach residents defrauded out of thousands of dollars
Trio of separate reports made to Oceanside RCMP between Jan. 25 to Jan. 28
Mandy Moraes
Feb. 16, 2022 5:00 a.m.
During the last week of January, police received three separate reports of Parksville Qualicum Beach area residents being defrauded.
Sgt. Shane Worth, Operations Support NCO for the Oceanside RCMP, said the first incident, reported to police on Jan. 25, involved an area resident who had lost thousands of dollars in a telephone scam where the resident believed they were dealing with a legitimate stockbroker from England. The fraudster was able to gain control of one of the resident's bank accounts over the phone and withdrew thousands of dollars.
Worth said police investigations have concluded and the resident is currently working with their financial institution to recover the lost funds.
The second incident, reported on Jan. 27, involved an area resident who was also defrauded out of thousands of dollars in an online cryptocurrency scam.
Worth said the resident invested in cryptocurrency after he saw an online advertisement and made three separate transactions over several months. Soon after, the resident then saw a report on TV about the same cryptocurrency and attempted to withdraw their funds. The individual the resident had previously been in contact with reportedly stopped all communications and the incident is now regarded as fraud.
READ MORE: Vancouver Island senior loses $100,000 to cryptocurrency investment scam
In the third incident, reported on Jan. 28, an area resident was defrauded out of allegedly hundreds of thousands of dollars over a five-month period to online dating. Worth said since investigators are still collecting information, there are not many details to further release at this time and could not comment on what websites were being used or how the fraudsters were directly involved with the resident.
"Beware of where you're investing," said Worth. "Check everything out and consult with someone you trust – a financial advisor, a bank or even trusted family members… If it's too good to be true, it probably is."
[email protected]
CyberfraudParksvillequalicum beachRCMPScams
City staff recommend Victoria rename Trutch Street to Lekwungen translation for 'truth'
Three Central Saanich schools to see improvements in pedestrian safety | {
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Purpose: To encourage and recognize SEAS staff members who have made a significant contribution to mentoring (including the mentoring of direct reports, colleagues, or students) and/or to community building at SEAS.
Who is Eligible for Award: All benefits-eligible SEAS staff members (except members of the award review committee), including full- and part-time staff on the bi-weekly payroll with primary appointments as staff members. Research and teaching appointees such as lecturers and postdocs are ineligible for this award---please consider nominating them for the Capers and Marion McDonald Award. If you have any questions about someone's eligibility, contact Annmarie Allen in Human Resources.
Number of Recipients Per Year: Up to three recipients per year.
Criteria for Selection: Nominations from SEAS staff and faculty members should be in the form of a letter to the Dean sent to Annmarie Allen in Human Resources. The letter should describe how the staff member has supported, encouraged, and promoted professional and personal career development of direct reports, colleagues, or students, and/or how the staff member has made a significant contribution toward building a stronger community at SEAS. Please include specific examples and contributions.
What the Award Consists of: Winners will receive a framed certificate and a cash award of $1,000 (after taxes).
Nomination Timeframe: Start of calendar year; see staff emails for specific dates.
Review Process: All nominations will be reviewed by a committee comprised of the executive deans, the associate dean for academic affairs and administration, the associate dean for finance and IT operations, and the co-chairs of the Joint Council. The committee will then make recommendations to the Dean.
Announcement of Winners: Awardees will be honored at the April All Staff meeting. | {
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SterLing's English test is accurate and used by thousands. Enjoy the test and receive personal results quickly.
100 short questions = 20-30 minutes. Answer quickly – first answers are often correct. Do not guess answers.
We need personal contact information after, to process results. Results will not be given if information is not genuine or incomplete.
Please enter your registration information to receive your results.
Results will not be sent if personal information given is not genuine or incomplete. | {
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Here are some cute ideas for creating little notes from Batzy RockShop.
Lune Vintage has a nice idea for using thrifted wrapping paper.
Love these baby thank you cards by Wren Handmade. One photo is shown at left.
Take a look at the pretty paper and fabric brooches by Ma Petite Theiere.
Throw a lemonade party and use Babalisme's free download for lemonade invitations.
Paper Crave has a free downloadable pattern for making these Father's Day gift bags shown at right. Found via Domestifluff.
Mother Huddle shows a frame that can be decorated by kids for Father's Day.
Here is a quick idea. Make a Father's Day card simply by printing out this download from The Long Thread.
This entry was written by Angie and posted on June 19, 2010 at 6:00 am and filed under printables, Scrapbooking, scrapscene, Speedlinks. Bookmark the permalink. Follow any comments here with the RSS feed for this post. Post a comment or leave a trackback: Trackback URL.
My wife loves your site! She's going to try out the Father day gifts bag.
Thank you and have a blessed New Year! | {
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So I'm really running out of things to talk about in these letters. Until I get to the field, I won't have any really good stories anymore. I am scheduled to leave May 21st if I get my Visa on time, so let's hope it gets here. If it doesn't, it won't be all that bad because my bro Alan Hawkins is coming May 23rd, so it would be nice to see him before I leave.
So this Wednesday (yesterday) I got to be a new missionary host, and our district is going to do it every Wednesday until we leave. What we do is pick up the new missionaries, take them and their bags to their residence, and then get all their stuff that they need from the bookstore and take them to their room. This time was a workout. It was a fairly hot day outside, and the first new missionary had a backpack, a carry-on, a medium-large suitcase, and a jam-packed heavy large suitcase. And I had to carry all of it....up 4 flights of stairs to his residence. And then I got to take him to his classroom up 5 flights of stairs. The second missionary was Elder Nathan Morris, from my home ward in Utah! I saw his car drive by and pull to the curb and told the other hosts I would take him. That was a pretty cool experience, and just as much of a workout. Pretty much, Mexico is going to be brutal if I was already sweating in the Spring season in Utah.
The weeks here at the MTC start on Monday, so we count the end of each week that Sunday. This is the Thursday of my 7th week, and I leave on the Monday of my 10th week (depending on Visas). It's kinda nice having P-day in the middle of the week, where we get a break from the busy schedule, as Sunday is also somewhat of a break.
So not a whole lot happened this last week. I did get some pretty awesome packages though! I'm lucky to have a Mom who appreciates the value of Mountain Dew and Pop Rocks. It's not against the rules here, but they only vend non-caffeinated Mt. Dew and Coke. Abominations in my eyes.
During the last devotional, there were a few interesting announcements. The MTC President announced that we can't do tie trading anymore, as it's apparently getting out of hand. Also, sometimes we get some anti-mormon protesters outside the MTC gates on the way to the Provo Temple. We were told in the last devotional to not talk to them, but to still be polite. It's probably a good thing our district wasn't there when it happened, as it could have become a little too contentious. I can think of a few Elders, including myself, who wouldn't have taken kindly to these protesters.
As far as the language goes, I'm getting pretty decent. I realize that once I get to Mexico, I'm going to be completely lost for a while, but I think I'll survive. Our entire district can teach just about anything about the gospel in the language now. It's pretty nice, because now instead of memorizing the words and phrases we need to say, we have time to prepare for what we want to commit him the investigators (role-playing) to do and evaluate what needs they have for next time.
We brought in a new district to our zone last wednesday. Their aight. I don't really know them all that well, and honestly I only know a few of their names. And yet somehow they all know mine. Kinda not a good thing for me as the Senior District Leader (district leader of the eldest district).
Well I'm about out of time, and I honestly can't think of anything else to say. All of the days and weeks seem to blend together, and I'm not completely sure if what I think happened this week could have happened 2 weeks ago. | {
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Q: Hide UITableViewCell from VoiceOver I have a static UITableView with various cells in it. I need to hide/show some of those cells, so I've implemented heightForRowAtIndexPath and return 0 when appropriate in order to hide the right cells. This works great for sighted users, but for those who use VoiceOver those elements are still highlighted and accessible when they should not be. How can I ensure those UITableViewCells are no longer accessible when I change their height to 0?
I've tried setting the cell to not be an accessible element as well as setting the elements to be hidden but this has no effect on it. The cell has not been subclassed - it's just a UITableViewCell. I have not set anything in regards to accessibility on the cell nor the cell's contents (textLabel, detailTextLabel).
Doesn't do the trick:
self.cellToHide.isAccessibilityElement = NO;
self.cellToHide.accessibilityElementsHidden = YES;
A: Update Cell VoiceOver Elements By Reloading Cell(s)
After reading about a UITableView taking control over Accessibility elements and observing apps that have similar features, I figured that a TableView must update its Accessibility information upon loading or reloading a cell. I tried forcing the cell to reload after changing its Accessibility properties and that solved the problem. VoiceOver information was updated.
The following is an example of code that runs when the cell in question is tapped. Alternatively, it could run when some other event requires that VoiceOver elements are updated.
// Make changes to accessibility properties such as
cell.isAccessibilityElement = false
cell.accessibilityElementsHidden = true
// reloadRows() allows VoiceOver to update its element list for the related cell(s)
// "indexPath" is for the desired row
// reloadRows() expects an array of IndexPaths so an array of one is created inline
tableView.reloadRows(at: [indexPath], with: .automatic)
// Calling UIAccessibilityPostNotification() is not necessary to realize the VoiceOver changes in the TableViewCell
Background
I wrestled with this problem for a while before finding a solution. In my case the TableView cells are created in code. There are no storyboards or nibs involved. However, this solution should work regardless of how the TableView was constructed.
I have custom, subclassed TableView cells with view hierarchies built in code and added as a subview of the UITableViewCell's contentView. I assumed I could modify the isAccessibilityElement and/or accessibilityElementsHidden properties of various subviews and call UIAccessibilityPostNotification() to realize the VoiceOver changes as I have done outside of TableView's. These changes were not recognized by VoiceOver, only the accessibility state the cell was in when it was loaded was recognized.
For the cell I wrestled with, the height dynamically changes to accommodate a DatePicker that is shown and hidden on cell tap. I only want the DatePicker visible to VoiceOver when it is visible on the screen. I try to avoid reloading the TableView, Sections or Rows to make dynamic changes if at all possible. If I have to reload, I try to make it as isolated as possible (reload one cell or one section not the whole TableView). In this case I did not need to reload anything to make the cell expand to reveal the DatePicker so it did not occur to me try reloading the cell for Accessibility updates.
Related Information: UIAccessibility API Reference on Apple's web site
A: Try adding below code after you set accessibilityElementHidden.
UIAccessibilityPostNotification(UIAccessibilityScreenChangedNotification, yourTableView);
| {
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This long weekend I had such a blast making more and more explosion boxes! 8 in total and still 2 more need to be made! I love long weekends. No matter what you do on the Saturday and Sunday, you still have that Monday to just chill and recover. Glorious!
Anyway, here are the boxes! I do apologize for the overload of pictures here!
Box 1: I just love the colours in this kit!
Box 4: I know this one looks a little sailor but it's pretty funky on the inside!
Box 7: Did someone say spring was coming?
Box 8: Very simple but perfect for just putting in pictures!
Finally, just a picture of my mountain of scarves. The pile keeps growing! I know I should have a better display but at work, I do actually work!
Love the boxes. Can't wait to have a chance to make one with you. | {
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Welcome to the registration website of the DCSE Lunch Meeting organized by the TU Delft Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (DCSE).
This annual Lunch Meeting in the presence of the valuable Scientific Representatives of the DCSE and the Chairman of the DCSE Board (John Schmitz) will be used to share the current affairs "in particular the progress in High Performance Computing (DHPC) at TU Delft and the upcoming new plans related to TU Delft Institute for Computational Science and Engineering (DCSE).
For this reason we would like to invite you all for a DCSE Lunch Meeting at the 27th of November 2018.
Please use the menu above for the various options and register before November 10, 2018. | {
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'She was a giver': School crossing guard dies from hit-and-run injuries sustained on the job
Updated: 9:39 PM CST Nov 7, 2018
Justine Palis
Emma Taylor
SOURCE: GoFundMe
A crossing guard in South Carolina who was hit by a car in October while helping elementary students cross the street has succumbed to her injuries, according to district officials.Emma Taylor was hit around 7:30 a.m. on Oct. 30 in front of Jesse Boyd Elementary School. The car that hit Taylor left the scene, said Sally Gregg, Spartanburg District 7 spokeswoman.Taylor died at 6:14 p.m. Wednesday, according to the coroner. "The district is heartbroken. Miss Emma was a 73-year-old vivacious woman who was committed to her job. She was a giver," Gregg said.District Superintendent Russell Booker said he was initially told that Taylor would be OK, but he later said her status had changed and she was being "closely monitored."No children were injured, but they did witness Taylor being hit.Troopers said witnesses only described a "dark-colored vehicle" that hit Taylor and drove away.Taylor worked for the district for at least nine years. She was honored as South Carolina Outstanding Crossing Guard of the Year a few years ago. A parent back in 2015 called Taylor the "fairy godmother of Fernwood-Glendale Road."Family members are raising money on Taylor's behalf on a GoFundMe page.
SPARTANBURG, S.C. —
A crossing guard in South Carolina who was hit by a car in October while helping elementary students cross the street has succumbed to her injuries, according to district officials.
Emma Taylor was hit around 7:30 a.m. on Oct. 30 in front of Jesse Boyd Elementary School. The car that hit Taylor left the scene, said Sally Gregg, Spartanburg District 7 spokeswoman.
Taylor died at 6:14 p.m. Wednesday, according to the coroner.
"The district is heartbroken. Miss Emma was a 73-year-old vivacious woman who was committed to her job. She was a giver," Gregg said.
District Superintendent Russell Booker said he was initially told that Taylor would be OK, but he later said her status had changed and she was being "closely monitored."
No children were injured, but they did witness Taylor being hit.
Troopers said witnesses only described a "dark-colored vehicle" that hit Taylor and drove away.
Taylor worked for the district for at least nine years. She was honored as South Carolina Outstanding Crossing Guard of the Year a few years ago. A parent back in 2015 called Taylor the "fairy godmother of Fernwood-Glendale Road."
Family members are raising money on Taylor's behalf on a GoFundMe page. | {
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mitigation Court of Appeal Gives Employees a "Brake" on Mitigation THE DECISION COULD BE GOOD NEWS FOR WRONGFULLY DISMISSED EMPLOYEES The recent Court of Appeal decision in Brake v. PJ-M2R Restaurant Inc. has significant implications for employers involved in wrongful dismissal litigation. The court clar-ified a number of issues concerning mitigation income that can be used to offset a reasonable notice award in damages. It could be said that the decision in Brake can have the effect of plac-ing a wrongfully dismissed employee in a better position than they would have been in had the employment contract been fulfilled. In this regard, Brake runs contrary to the foreseeable damages prin-ciple articulated more than a century ago in Hadley v. Baxendale. BACKGROUND Brake v. PJ-M2R Restaurant Inc. concerned the dismissal of Esther Brake. Brake was employed at various McDonald's restaurants for more than 25 years. She worked her way up to a manager position, and held this position from 2004 to 2012 at three sep-arate McDonald's restaurants owned by the defendant, PJ-M2R Restaurant Inc. Brake had received strong performance reviews for over 10 years, but her ratings saw an accelerating decline beginning in 2010. As a result, in 2012 Brake was placed on McDonald's progressive discipline program, known as the Goals Achievement Process (GAP). After 90 days, Brake was told she had failed the GAP program and was given a choice between demotion and ter-mination. Brake refused the demotion and was terminated. She brought an action for wrongful dismissal against PJ-M2R. At trial, the judge found that Brake's poor performance did not amount to cause for dismissal and held that she had been con-structively dismissed. Brake was awarded damages equivalent to a 20-month notice period. COURT OF APPEAL DECISION The Court of Appeal upheld the trial judge's decision. The court then considered income that Brake had earned during the notice period. Brake had received Employment Insurance (EI) benefits, and had worked as a cashier at Home Depot, Sobey's and Tim Hortons after being dismissed. The court held these amounts were not deductible as mitiga-tion income because they were earned during the statutory notice By Hendrik Nieuwland alice-photo / Shutterstock.com HRPROFESSIONALNOW.CA ❚ OCTOBER 2017 ❚ 39 /HRPROFESSIONALNOW.CA | {
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Linda J. Hawkins is holding a book signing at Smith Trahern Mansion Saturday
Sango Family and Community Educators, UT Extension and Smith Trahern Mansion invite you to a reception and book signing of Kentucky author Linda J. Hawkins.
Linda will be at the Smith Trahern Mansion on Friday, October 23, 2009 in conjunction with the Fall Meeting of the Montgomery County Family and Community Educators. The hours are 10:00 am until 12:30.
Linda believes children learn best when they are having fun. This philosophy is evident in her delightful writing style. She is the author of "Catering to Children with Recipes for Memorable Teas"; "The Unspoken Language of Fans & Flowers with Recipes", (gift books for all ages) and two nutrition books: "Alexander and the Great Food Fight", "Alexander and the Great Vegetable Feud", now in flipbook as well, "Alexander Enjoys His Fruits & Vegetables", a CD titled "Alexander's Read & Sing Along" (both books on one CD), an activity booklet to us with both fruit and vegetable books. All have been declared great teaching tools by various state departments of education. «Read the rest of this article»
Sections: Arts and Leisure | 0 comments
Women, mothers, families and health care reform
Our broken health care system that is. That's right — it's not working for many women and their families.
In many states, insurance companies can still discriminate on the basis of gender — and not just on costs. In some states, maternity care is not covered because pregnancy can be seen as a "pre-existing condition." It's even legal in some states to deny a woman coverage because she's been a victim of domestic violence!
That's not right. Nobody in America should be treated that way. That's why First Lady Michelle Obama is standing up for women and families in this newest video. Take a look:
Sections: Politics | 0 comments
Thousands of Children Enrolled in Child Care Recovery Scholarship Program: Slots Still Available
Working families benefit from ARRA funds
NASHVILLE, Tenn. – More than 4,000 children are now enrolled in the Child Care Recovery Scholarship program. This time-limited, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act program is helping thousands of families across the state make ends meet by reducing their weekly child care bills.
"This Recovery Act program is already helping provide safe, quality child care to thousands of Tennessee children," said Governor Phil Bredesen. "Our goal has been to reach as many children as possible and encourage families to utilize all the benefits available to them under this program. We encourage any working family that may benefit to talk with their licensed child care provider or area Boys & Girls club for information."
The $42 million program, designed by the Tennessee Department of Human Services, is opened to all licensed child care providers and Boy's and Girl's Clubs across the state. The majority of enrollments are in Shelby County, with more than 900 children on the program, followed by Davidson County with 450 children. There are 300 children enrolled in Knox County and 240 in Chattanooga.
Little Visionary Preschool/Childcare in Clarksville, TN
Sections: News | 0 comments
APSU Volleyball team defeats Eastern Illinois
Austin Peay def. Eastern Illinois, 3-0 (25-18, 25-14, 25-15)
Senior outside hitter Stephanie Champine had a match-best 12 kills to lead Austin Peay's volleyball team in a 3-0 (25-18, 25-14, 25-15) Ohio Valley Conference sweep of Eastern Illinois, Friday night, at the Dunn Center.
Austin Peay's (16-6, 9-2 OVC) offense had little trouble all night, finishing with 47 kills and a season-best .316 attack percentage. That total included an 18-kill second-set performance and an impressive .424 attack percentage (15 kills) in the third set.
Eastern Illinois' (8-15, 1-9 OVC) could not get its offense going, finishing with just 28 kills and a .124 attack percentage. Some of the Panthers problems could be traced back to the Lady Govs front-row defense which recorded nine blocks, including a five-block night by senior opposite hitter Kirstin Distler. «Read the rest of this article»
Sections: Sports | 0 comments
Austin Peay College Democrats awarded health care reform grant.
Tennessee student group one of four awarded grants nationwide following application process, national vote.
The Austin Peay College Democrats have been awarded a national health care reform grant by the College Democrats of America Alumni Association (CDAAA). Over a dozen school chapters submitted proposals to advocate health care reform in a national application process, resulting in the selection of four College Democrat chapters for the honor. Choosing to submit their proposal around APSU's annual Greater Halloween Options for Safe Trick-or-Treating (G.H.O.S.T.) event, the student organization won a national runoff vote held to determine the final grant winner.
"After tallying the votes – and weeding out some less-than-scrupulous individuals who tried to vote early and often – one school emerged as the clear winner: Austin Peay State University in Tennessee." Alex Cornell du Houx, a Maine state representative and member of the CDAAA Board of Directors, said in announcing the winner of the runoff vote. "In addition to Austin Peay, we couldn't be more excited to award health care action grants to College Dems chapters at Florida International University, Georgetown University and the University of Wyoming. The grant applications we received show just how excited College Dems across the country are to organize for health care reform." «Read the rest of this article»
Sections: Politics | 1 Comment »
The Viceroy Performing Arts Center is an ideal wedding spot
By Julie Capouch | October 23, 2009 |
The Viceroy Performing Arts Center in Oak Grove, KY
There's a little-known gem nestled in the fields of Oak Grove, Ky. Right beside the War Memorial Walking Trail stands the Viceroy Performing Arts Center, a full-service entertainment complex offering the ambiance of an outdoor venue with the amenities of an indoor reception hall. But you want to know the best part?
You can get married at the Viceroy.
Clarksville Bride Ashley Parsons found the Viceroy after having complications with her original wedding location in Clarksville. "We were working on a small budget and didn't have a huge guest list. Wanting something outdoors, yet intimate, we thought we found the perfect location," says the September Bride. "After several hoops and hurdles we dropped the venue. We went and looked (at the Viceroy) and I fell in love."
Matt and Ashley Parsons walk through the Military Arch of Sabers at their Sept. 4 wedding.
Sections: Business | 0 comments
Linda J. Hawkins is holding a booksigning at ingredients Today
Linda J. Hawkins will be available at "ingredients" (100 Strawberry Alley) on October 23rd from 2:00 pm to 5:00 pm to sign books, she will also display hat cookies and explain the process in creating them. Mrs. Hawkins will be delighted to answer questions about creating memorial tea time and on the topic of children's nutrition. | {
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std::optional<std::wstring> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetString(const std::wstring& name) const
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std::optional<bool> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetBool(const std::wstring& name) const
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std::optional<DWORD> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetLong(const std::wstring& name) const
{
DWORD result;
if (FAILED_LOG(GetElementDWORDProperty(m_element, name.c_str(), &result)))
{
return std::nullopt;
}
return std::make_optional(result);
}
std::optional<DWORD> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetTimespan(const std::wstring& name) const
{
ULONGLONG result;
if (FAILED_LOG(GetElementRawTimeSpanProperty(m_element, name.c_str(), &result)))
{
return std::nullopt;
}
return std::make_optional(static_cast<DWORD>(result / 10000ull));
}
std::optional<std::shared_ptr<ConfigurationSection>> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetSection(const std::wstring& name) const
{
CComPtr<IAppHostElement> element = nullptr;
if (FAILED_LOG(GetElementChildByName(m_element, name.c_str(), &element)))
{
return std::nullopt;
}
return std::make_optional(std::make_shared<WebConfigConfigurationSection>(element.Detach()));
}
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ConfigurationSection>> WebConfigConfigurationSection::GetCollection() const
{
std::vector<std::shared_ptr<ConfigurationSection>> elements;
HRESULT findElementResult;
CComPtr<IAppHostElementCollection> elementCollection = nullptr;
CComPtr<IAppHostElement> collectionEntry = nullptr;
ENUM_INDEX index{};
THROW_IF_FAILED(m_element->get_Collection(&elementCollection));
THROW_IF_FAILED(findElementResult = FindFirstElement(elementCollection, &index, &collectionEntry));
while (findElementResult != S_FALSE)
{
elements.emplace_back(std::make_shared<WebConfigConfigurationSection>(collectionEntry.Detach()));
collectionEntry.Release();
THROW_IF_FAILED(findElementResult = FindNextElement(elementCollection, &index, &collectionEntry));
}
return elements;
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Stephen Morton for The New York TimesFormer Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney outlined his foreign policy on Friday in an address at the The Citadel in Charleston, S.C.
CHARLESTON, S.C. — Standing before an audience of crisply-clad, closely-shorn cadets, Mitt Romney delivered his foreign policy vision at The Citadel on Friday, calling for a strengthened military and economy to lead the country into what he called "an American Century," while also accusing President Obama of weakening the nation's image around the world.
Mr. Romney, whose vision generally called for a strong and resolute America to lead the world, also outlined eight specific actions he would take in his first 100 days if elected president. These include strengthening naval power by increasing shipbuilding; improving relationships with the country's close allies like Israel, Britain and Mexico; increasing deterrent measures to prevent Iran from getting a nuclear weapon; revisiting a missile-defense system; reviewing the country's strategy in Afghanistan; and starting a campaign for economic opportunity in Latin America. (When he unveiled his economic plan in Nevada last month, he also offered the 10 actions he would take on his first day in the Oval Office).
Mr. Romney said he would use the "full spectrum of hard and soft power to influence events before they erupt into conflict." Though much of the Republican field has yet to articulate their specific foreign policy views, Mr. Romney tried to differentiate himself from some candidates — as well as some members of the Republican Congress — who have advocated a more isolationist strain of foreign policy.
Mr. Romney and his aides were eager to keep the focus on Mr. Obama, contrasting Mr. Romney's plan with a president who, they said, has accepted the view that America is on the decline.
Romney aides did say, however, that Mr. Romney's vision differs from former President George W. Bush's foreign policy on its approach to Latin America, adding that both Mr. Bush and Mr. Obama did not make Latin America a priority.
"I will launch a campaign to advance economic opportunity in Latin America, and contrast the benefits of democracy, free trade and free enterprise against the material and moral bankruptcy of the Venezuelan and Cuban model," Mr. Romney said.
Though Mr. Romney did not offer any specifics on Afghanistan, he said he would "order a full review of our transition to the Afghan military," listen to the generals in the field and make his decision "free from politics." Mr. Obama had previously announced a complete transition date of 2014, and has begun withdrawing troops from the country at rate that is both faster and deeper than some of his military commanders had recommended.
The speech, Mr. Romney's first major foray in foreign policy, was carefully choreographed, from the "Top Gun" music that played as the cadets filed in to the young staffers who worked late into the night to make sure the "Believe in America" banner was hung just right. Aides positioned the lecturn so that Mr. Romney spoke against a backdrop of cadets in the gray uniforms.
Speaking in advance of Friday's address, Mr. Romney briefly delved into foreign policy Thursday aboard the U.S.S. Yorktown, a decommissioned World War II aircraft carrier in Mt. Pleasant, S.C., from which Mr. Romney has spoken before and from which Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts began his presidential bid in 2004.
Addressing a small group of veterans, he called for increasing the Pentagon's budget — moving noncombat spending to 4 percent of the gross domestic product from 3.8 percent, and increasing the ranks of active duty personnel by about 100,000. | {
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Give the Hen or the Stag in your life, a last blast to remember!
If it's transportation you're in need of, try our bus hire service and let one of our lovely drivers get you to where you need to go!
If water based activities aren't really what you're after, Tara at Bundoran Stag & Hen has plenty of other options to keep your group entertained.
Ladies who lunch with a cocktail twist.
Great Make up, Great Hair, Great cocktails what else does a woman need.
Have a good time while burning some calories, no one needs to know you're working out.
Activities; Yoga, Pilates, fitness bootcamp, reflexology classes, fortune teller & angel healing. | {
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Are We There Yet??: It's a Boy!!
A big - and I do mean big! - congratulations to Jillian, the newest scheduler to join us in the Dispatch/Scheduling Department at American Ambulance, on the birth of her son Aiden on my birthday - September 9th! Actually, I'm very surprised she didn't have the baby sooner as even though she wasn't officially due until today, for the past month poor Jillie looked like she had swallowed a watermelon sideways! I don't think I've seen anyone look that pregnant in a very, very long time!
Mom, Dad, and baby are all doing fine and I wish the best to the entire family as Aiden starts out on this wonderful journey called "life"! And in my own humble opinion, I don't think he could have chosen a better birth date!
For women how are experiencing pregnancy signs and believe they might be having a baby, you may want to look for information on childbirth. There are all kinds of information on baby birth online to prepare yourself for giving birth.
Those baby slings are pretty cool. I'd have loved to had one last night for my little guy when he tuckered out at the fair!
So much for 0-3 month clothing! | {
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Crossover Toyota CH-R received a hybrid power plant, which went into the petrol engine, brand new electric motor and a lightweight battery pack. The Japanese said that the thermal efficiency of the internal combustion engine has increased by 40 percent compared with the previous analogs.
The updated prototype CH-R is differs from the one presented in Paris by including doors for rear passengers, other 21-inch wheels and exterior mirror housings other.
Representatives of Japanese companies said they expect to submit a marketable version of the compact crossover in the spring of 2016 at the Geneva Motor Show. | {
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Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance
Alexander T. Todorov, Christopher C. Said, Sara C. Verosky
The study of personality inferences from facial appearance has a long history in psychology. This article demonstrates several lines of research on personality impressions from faces. It reviews research on the accuracy of these impressions and the social consequences of these impressions. It shows that people can make a variety of trait inferences after extremely brief exposures to emotionally neutral faces, suggesting that such inferences are made automatically. The automaticity of forming these impressions and recent patient and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neural basis of these impressions are discussed. The article describes dimensional approaches to personality impressions from faces and potential sources of individual differences in evaluation of faces. It reviews evidence from data-driven methods and inferences along these dimensions are based on similarity to expressions signaling approach/avoidance behaviors and features signaling physical strength.
Oxford Handbook of Face Perception
https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
Psychology(all)
10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
Dive into the research topics of 'Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Personality Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
personality Social Sciences 80%
avoidance behavior Social Sciences 52%
Avoidance Learning Medicine & Life Sciences 34%
social effects Social Sciences 33%
History Medicine & Life Sciences 20%
Todorov, A. T., Said, C. C., & Verosky, S. C. (2012). Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance. In Oxford Handbook of Face Perception Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
Todorov, Alexander T. ; Said, Christopher C. ; Verosky, Sara C. / Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance. Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press, 2012.
@inbook{d00194a6f4784f9e9f46752c0a0b6c3a,
title = "Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance",
abstract = "The study of personality inferences from facial appearance has a long history in psychology. This article demonstrates several lines of research on personality impressions from faces. It reviews research on the accuracy of these impressions and the social consequences of these impressions. It shows that people can make a variety of trait inferences after extremely brief exposures to emotionally neutral faces, suggesting that such inferences are made automatically. The automaticity of forming these impressions and recent patient and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neural basis of these impressions are discussed. The article describes dimensional approaches to personality impressions from faces and potential sources of individual differences in evaluation of faces. It reviews evidence from data-driven methods and inferences along these dimensions are based on similarity to expressions signaling approach/avoidance behaviors and features signaling physical strength.",
author = "Todorov, {Alexander T.} and Said, {Christopher C.} and Verosky, {Sara C.}",
doi = "10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032",
booktitle = "Oxford Handbook of Face Perception",
Todorov, AT, Said, CC & Verosky, SC 2012, Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance. in Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance. / Todorov, Alexander T.; Said, Christopher C.; Verosky, Sara C.
Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press, 2012.
T1 - Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance
AU - Todorov, Alexander T.
AU - Said, Christopher C.
AU - Verosky, Sara C.
N2 - The study of personality inferences from facial appearance has a long history in psychology. This article demonstrates several lines of research on personality impressions from faces. It reviews research on the accuracy of these impressions and the social consequences of these impressions. It shows that people can make a variety of trait inferences after extremely brief exposures to emotionally neutral faces, suggesting that such inferences are made automatically. The automaticity of forming these impressions and recent patient and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neural basis of these impressions are discussed. The article describes dimensional approaches to personality impressions from faces and potential sources of individual differences in evaluation of faces. It reviews evidence from data-driven methods and inferences along these dimensions are based on similarity to expressions signaling approach/avoidance behaviors and features signaling physical strength.
AB - The study of personality inferences from facial appearance has a long history in psychology. This article demonstrates several lines of research on personality impressions from faces. It reviews research on the accuracy of these impressions and the social consequences of these impressions. It shows that people can make a variety of trait inferences after extremely brief exposures to emotionally neutral faces, suggesting that such inferences are made automatically. The automaticity of forming these impressions and recent patient and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies exploring the neural basis of these impressions are discussed. The article describes dimensional approaches to personality impressions from faces and potential sources of individual differences in evaluation of faces. It reviews evidence from data-driven methods and inferences along these dimensions are based on similarity to expressions signaling approach/avoidance behaviors and features signaling physical strength.
U2 - 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
DO - 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032
BT - Oxford Handbook of Face Perception
Todorov AT, Said CC, Verosky SC. Personality Impressions from Facial Appearance. In Oxford Handbook of Face Perception. Oxford University Press. 2012 https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199559053.013.0032 | {
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Mystery shrouds ownership of pistol that killed Bapu
Posted by Eva Libre on October 2, 2012 at 2:58pm in Social/Humanity
by P NaveenP Naveen, The Times of India | Oct 2, 2012
BHOPAL: The investigation into the murder of the father of the nation Mahatma Gandhi is still inconclusive for many including the close kin of the convicts of the plot. Almost 64 years after his assassination, mystery still shrouds the ownership of Italian pistol used to kill the Mahatma and its Gwalior connection.
The kin of the convicts feel, unless the mystery is solved the investigation cannot be considered complete.
It is believed that the pistol changed many hands in Gwalior till it finally came in possession of Jagdish Prasad Goel who passed it on to Gangadhar Dandavate who finally delivered it to Nathuram Godse."Question regarding ownership of the pistol was in my mind for years. Every time I posed this question before my father (Gopal Godse) he remained mum," says Himani Sawarkar, niece of Nathuram Godse. "Almost all the people involved are dead, and those who know it, are not ready to reveal", she lamented.
Two of the nine persons charged in the murder plot were executed, some of them convicted and the remaining released.
The investigation however, remained silent on why trail of the weapon's ownership was never pursued.Chargesheet into the Gandhi murder case reads, "Godse reached Gwalior by train on January 28 and secured the pistol (Beretta M1934 semi-automatic pistol in .380 ACP caliber, serial number 606824) - with the help of Gwalior based Dr Dattatraya S Parchure, Gangadhar Dandvate, Gangadhar Jadhao, and Suryadeo Sharma".
Dr Parchure, a resident of Gwalior's Shinde ki Chawni area was detained on February 3, 1948 and formally arrested for conspiracy two weeks later. On February 18, he confessed to his role in the murder during trial before First Class Magistrate (Gwalior) R B Atal, but later retracted citing it as 'forcefully extracted'. Investigators claimed, Godse obtained the pistol from Gwalior through Dr Parchure who got it from Dandavate. During course of trial Dandavate said that he had bought the pistol from a person named - Jagdish Prasad Goel who admitted to have sold the pistol to Dandvate. But Goel never explained how he himself got it."I am surprised why the last person in the chain of weapon's ownership was not chased. This could have exposed some conspiracy behind the assassination," said a IPS officer wishing anonymity.
Talking to TOI, Dandavate's son Chandrasekhar (58) says, "It's a secret that has been secured for last many years. Revealing it now might cause political turmoil...I don't want more trouble at this age". Chandrasekhar works in a private school at Gwalior. Manohar Malgonkar, mentioned in his book titled 'The men who killed Gandhi', "It is possible that Goel, by refusing to mention the name of the person who had sold it to him, was shielding him from trouble. Godse was hanged at Ambala jail on November 15, 1949. Since then Gwalior Hindu Mahasabha observes Nov 15 as Godse's "martyrdom day".
"The pistol's ownership was a secret and will remain a secret ... only fact I can tell you is that Goel was not the last person in chain," said Dr Jaiveer Bharadwaj, the national vice president of Hindu Mahasabha.
Permalink Reply by Eva Libre on October 2, 2012 at 3:01pm
CELEBRATING 143RD BIRTH ANNIVERSARY OF MAHATMA GANDHI AND INTERNATIONAL NON-VIOLENCE DAY
Permalink Reply by Béatrice LATEUR LACROIX on October 3, 2012 at 4:21pm
I think will never know what exactly happened.
Let's our hearts be inpsired by the depth and Love in our hearts. | {
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South Georgia: World's Most Epic Hikes
The South Georgia traverse is rated as one of the world's most epic hikes and is right up there with the likes of the Mt Fuji ascent in Japan, the Santa Cruz Trek in Peru and the amazing Continental Divide Trail, which runs through no less than 5 US states. Yet among all these illustrious feats of physical prowess, the traverse of South Georgia Island is arguably the harshest, and probably the most impressive.
Retracing the steps of famed explorer Ernest Shackleton is no mean task. Being immersed in the awe-inspiring dramatic wilderness of the Antarctic region, and hiking across glacier crevasses and black-sanded beaches brimming with countless penguins and elephant seals – which, but the way, make for very loud cheerleaders – is one of the most unforgettable experiences you could ever have. Harsh and painful, no doubt…but definitely unforgettable.
Shackleton's historic traverse of South Georgia
Ernest Shackleton, one of the great explorers of Antarctica. Photo credit: Shutterstock.
The 1914 Trans Antarctic expedition was never going to be easy. When looking for men to join him on his venture, Shackleton was not only candid but also rather fatalistic.
"Men wanted for hazardous journey. Low wages, bitter cold, long hours of complete darkness. Safe return doubtful. Honour and recognition in event of success."
Sir Ernest Shackleton
Even the most adventurous traveller among us would have probably hesitated just a tad, honour and recognition potential notwithstanding, so it's quite astounding to know that 27 men signed up for the job.
The Endurance suffered irreparable damages after it became literally stuck in ice, and the crew became famously stranded on Elephant Island, a small ice-covered islet on the outer reaches of the Shetland Islands group, for a whole year. Knowing chances of rescue there to be non-existent, Shackleton eventually led a team of 6 and risked life and limb by setting off on a lifeboat which was nothing more than a 'glorified rowboat'. They headed for civilization and help in Stromness, a former whaling station located on the northern coast of South Georgia Island. For 17 days the men fought colossal waves, freezing temps and unforgiving conditions, armed with nothing but a sextant and a chronometer. Ten days into the trip, Shackleton spotted what he thought was a clearing in the ever-darkened sky. It turned out to be the crest of the biggest wave he'd ever seen in his entire life.
How these men survived their ordeal is quite incomprehensible. How they navigated towards and landed on South Georgia Island even more so.
The fact that the group tackled the world's most ferocious seas and lived to tell the tale would have probably earned them plenty of recognition already, yet what came next is what truly cemented their names in the Antarctica history books forevermore.
Point wild Elephant Island. Photo credit: Chad Carey
As luck would have it, the group landed on the southern coast of South Georgia, on the opposite side of their intended target. Considering that sailing further was impossible, Shackleton then decided their only option was to traverse the island from south to north, on foot, something which had never been done before. Crossing a mountain range of some 3,000 m in altitude, on one of the most desolate places on earth, was long considered an impossible challenge.
The team did make it alive, against unfathomable odds, and Shackleton even managed to return to Elephant Island and rescue the remaining crew members.
The landscape of South Georgia. Photo credit: Shutterstock.
His tale of leadership and survival made Shackleton one of The Most Famous Explorers of Antarctica, and retracing his steps on a traverse of South Georgia has now become one of our world's most coveted feats of endurance.
The Grave of Ernest Shackleton in South Georgia. Photo credit: shutterstock
Following in Shackleton's steps across South Georgia
Shackleton's route across South Georgia is a challenging 35.5km hike which starts in King Haakon Bay (on the western shores of the island) and ends a Stromness, the long-since abandoned whaling station site now home to a formidable colony of Gentoo penguins. For adventurous history buffs, nature lovers and experienced mountaineers, very few challenges appear as enticing. Shackleton and his men made the crossing in May, well into the Antarctic winter. Nowadays, South Georgia traverse expeditions are planned at the height of the austral summer, between late December and mid-March.
Penguin colony on South Georgia. Photo credit: Shutterstock.
If the mere thought of tackling the entire hike is far too daunting a prospect for you (only a few thousand people have managed to complete it thus far, mostly on expertly guided National Geographic expeditions) there's a very popular option which cuts out the glacier and crevasse-dodging part of the expedition. If you wish to simply experience a 'taste' of what a traverse of South Georgia is like, you can enjoy a half-day 5km hike from Fortuna Bay instead, retracing the very last footsteps Shackleton took to reach Stromness. If you're part of a cruise to Antarctica which includes a visit to South Georgia, you can include this hike in your itinerary.
The southern elephant seal can be found in the Southern Hemisphere on islands such as South Georgia and Macquarie Island, and on the coasts of New Zealand, South Africa, and Argentina. Photo credit: Shutterstock
South Georgia is a wild and utterly spectacular destination, often rated as the best Antarctic wildlife watching hub of all. Its desolate shores are brimming with seals, sea lions, and literally thousands of penguins. It is as spellbinding as it is desolate, as unforgettable as it is remote. South Georgia may be a hard and expensive place to visit, we grant you that, but if you're looking for that ultimate bucket-list adventure, you really couldn't find a better value for money destination. All those who have been agree: South Georgia is one of our planet's most priceless destinations.
Want to experience history on a South Georgia and Antarctica cruise? Then stop dreaming, put down that laptop, and let us guide you to one of the most mesmerizing places on earth!
Author: Laura Pattara
"Laura Pattara is a modern nomad who's been vagabonding around the world, non-stop, for the past 15 years. She's tour-guided overland trips through South America and Africa, travelled independently through the Middle East and has completed a 6-year motorbike trip from Europe to Australia. What ticks her fancy most? Animal encounters in remote wilderness, authentic experiences off the beaten trail and spectacular Autumn colours in Patagonia."
Laura Pattara
Hiking South Georgia
The ultimate South America Bucket-list – Part 2https://www.chimuadventures.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Nazca_Lines_shutterstock_8088523-600x800.jpg
Explore Angel Falls.. and Beyondhttps://www.chimuadventures.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Angel_Falls_shutterstock_252199993-600x800.jpg | {
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Did you know HealthActions offers Personal Training sessions?
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Contact or visit the Jackson-Fitness, Atmore or Monroeville-Fitness location today. | {
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Q: How return string by execute SQL query in dapper .Execute(sQuery,...) in Dapper returns integer.
string sQuery = "SELECT FirstName FROM Customers WHERE Id = @Id";
How can I implement this to return FirstName?
A:
Execute is an extension method which can be called from any object of type IDbConnection. It can execute a command one or multiple times and return the number of affected rows.
emphasis mine
Execute can't be used for what you are asking.
Use one of the Query* based calls to get desired result
For example
string sQuery = "SELECT FirstName FROM Customers WHERE Id = @Id";
using (var connection = new SqlCeConnection("connection string")) {
var firstName = connection.QueryFirstOrDefault<string>(sQuery, new { Id = 1 });
//...
}
A: For executing query with Asp.Net Core and Dapper, try SqlConnection with Query.
Here is complete code.
using Dapper;
public class CustomersController : Controller
{
private readonly ApplicationDbContext _context;
private readonly IConfiguration _configuration;
public CustomersController(ApplicationDbContext context
, IConfiguration configuration)
{
_context = context;
_configuration = configuration;
}
// GET: Customers/Details/5
public async Task<IActionResult> Details(int? id)
{
using (var connection = new SqlConnection(_configuration.GetConnectionString("DefaultConnection")))
{
string sQuery = "SELECT Name FROM Customer WHERE Id = @Id";
var customer = connection.QueryFirstOrDefault<string>(sQuery, new { Id = id});
}
//Rest Code
}
| {
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Insight into the removal and reapplication of small inhibitor molecules during area-selective atomic layer deposition of SiO2
Merkx, M.J.M.
Jongen, R.G.J.
Mameli, A.
Lemaire, P.C.
Sharma, K.
Hausmann, D.M.
Kessels, W.M.M.
Mackus, A.J.M.
As the semiconductor industry progresses toward more complex multilayered devices with ever smaller features, accurately aligning these layers with respect to each other has become a bottleneck in the advancement to smaller transistor nodes. To avoid alignment issues, area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be employed to deposit material in a self-aligned fashion. Previously, we demonstrated area-selective ALD of SiO2 using three-step (i.e., ABC-type) ALD cycles comprising an acetylacetone (Hacac) dose (step A), a bis(diethylamino) silane precursor dose (step B), and an O2 plasma exposure (step C). In this work, the mechanisms of the removal and reapplication of the inhibitor molecules during area-selective ALD were studied, with the aim of enhancing the selectivity of the process. In situ infrared spectroscopy shows that the O2 plasma exposure does not completely remove the adsorbed Hacac species (i.e., acac adsorbates) at the end of the cycle. The persisting species were found to contain fragments of Hacac molecules, which hinder subsequent inhibitor adsorption in the next ALD cycle, and thereby contribute to a loss in selectivity. Alternatively, it was found that an H2 plasma is able to completely remove all acac species from the surface. An improvement in selectivity was achieved by using a four-step ALD cycle that includes an H2 plasma step, allowing the nucleation delay to be prolonged from 18 ± 2 to 30 ± 3 ALD cycles. As a result, 2.7 ± 0.3 nm SiO2 can be deposited with a selectivity of 0.9, whereas only 1.6 ± 0.2 nm can be achieved without the H2 plasma step. This work shows that the addition of a dedicated inhibitor removal step before the reapplication of the inhibitors can significantly improve the selectivity.
Semiconductor device manufacture
Area selective
Inhibitor molecules
Multilayered devices
Plasma exposure
Silane precursor
Situ infrared spectroscopy
Transistor nodes
Atomic layer deposition
http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:004278b1-45f3-4ea2-beb9-8582969981b5
AVS Science and Technology Society
Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology A: Vacuum, Surfaces and Films, 39 (39) | {
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Talked about how we made Remote Working work for everyone.
Showed how to love the Mongo shell and how to save private functions using it.
Introduced people to Node.js and MongoDB and explained why and how Redis and MongoDB could work together.
This month was all about the connections. In the blog we demonstrated experiments with the Internet of Things and MongoDB by building an Arduino based temperature sensor and logging its activity to MongoDB.
Talked about the misperceptions of "Big Data" and how optimization can change how you grow.
We looked forward to MongoDB 2.6's index intersection, how it was expected to work and what it could help with.
Dived deep into JSON and BSON to help explain why MongoDB has its own JSON variant.
Making the MongoDB oplog accessible so people could tap into the real time change stream from the database. We showed the details of how you could get at the oplog with Node.js and interpret that change stream. And because we like elegance, we showed a nicer way to consume the oplog too.
Expanded upon how we remote worked with HipChat.
Showed how not to pollute the pool in Node.js, took a look at the graphical database environment that is Robomongo and gave a tutorial on how to turn database alerts into Zapier events.
Two factor authentication, in the form of our own Authful API, was open sopurced.
Elastic Deployments landed in Europe.
On Demand Backups for Elastic Deployments were introduced for when you need a backup right now.
The beta launch of Elastic Deployments on DigitalOcean.
Our mission to explain the Oplog continued with a look at how you can use Meteor and Elastic Deployments together for real time web apps and a roundup of oplog accessing tools for Ruby, Go and Java.
Faster update techniques for MongoDB 2.4 were illustrated for those not ready to upgrade.
How to use backups for performance by quickly cloning a database locally.
How to not count and count to get a performance boost by pre-limiting queries.
We also rolled out Elastic Deployments in Oregon and talked about our favorite tools.
What are the pros and cons of GridFS on MongoDB and when should you use the large file storage mechanism.
Structured database access with Mongoose and MongoDB.
Keeping your storage usage down by sizing and trimming your MongoDB.
Keeping your database performance up with best practice indexing.
Using MongoDB's full text search with Node.js to deliver a simple web-based scoring search application.
How we integrate Engineering and Support to ensure everyone understands each others workload.
How we ran a remote global pizza party and the pitfalls that can open up.
How Tablelist use our MongoDB deployments to keep your party going.
How we now supported deployments on GoGrid.
How our free sandbox is not like our paid-for Elastic deployments.
News on the latest release of the Go MongoDB driver mgo.
How Big Bobby Tables can get their own database.
We closed July with another new tool, the CLI tool which made the API available for users as shell commands without needing to write code in a particular language. All this development work was laying the foundation for the second half of the year... which we'll come to in the next part of the annual roundup. | {
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Conservative PC? More on Patrick Henry College
The article that got Erik Root into trouble at Patrick Henry College is now available here.
To see why this apparently uncontroversial article could be controversial at Patrick Henry College, look at the College's Institutional Statement of Biblical Worldview. You will notice that biology teachers at PHC are expected to teach that the Biblical book of Genesis is actually a science textbook. They must teach that the entire creation of the universe "was completed in six twenty-four hour days." They can teach Darwinian evolution and intelligent design theories, but they must make it clear to the students that the 6-days-of-creation theory must be seen "as both biblically true and as the best fit to observed data." Consequently, not only would teaching Darwinian evolution as true be rejected, but even teaching intelligent design as taking longer than 6 days would be in violation of the College's mission.
I am reminded of a comment by Peter Augustine Lawler, a Catholic conservative, in his new book STUCK WITH VIRTUE: "This secessionist impulse of our evangelicals is, in part, the result of their intellectual weakness, their tendency not to read or write great books. Their Christian America is founded in the revelation of the Bible, not that realistic view of nature and human nature that all citizens can share in common" (p. 105).
Part of my argument for "Darwinian conservatism" is to present it as an appeal to "that realistic view of nature and human nature that all citizens can share in common." Most citizens--conservatives included--are not going to agree on a literal reading of the Bible that concludes that the universe was created in six twenty-four-hour days. Neither are most citizens going to agree on the details of the moral rules set forth in the Bible. If we are not going to have a biblical theocracy, then we need to appeal to some shared natural standards of truth and morality--something like the tradition of natural law. Darwinian naturalism supports such a tradition.
PHC proudly announces that it is on the Young America's Foundation list of Top 10 Conservative Colleges. American conservatives often complain about left-wing "political correctness." But now it seems that conservatives enforce their own "political correctness" at colleges like Patrick Henry, Hillsdale College, Grove City College, and elsewhere. Isn't this in violation of the great tradition of liberal arts education? Would Socrates be permitted to teach at schools like Patrick Henry? Apparently not.
Most of the students at Patrick Henry have been home-schooled by evangelical parents. Should we begin to wonder about the wisdom of this home-schooling movement, especially if these home-schooled kids are being taught that any teacher who believes the creation of the universe might have taken longer than 6 days should be scorned as a corrupter of the youth?
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Tuesday, May 30, 2006 6 comments: Links to this post
Mansfield's Manly Nihilism
As I indicated in my previous post, Harvey Mansfield asserts that the "manly virtue" of Plato and Aristotle depends on the eternity of species and cosmic teleology, which are denied by Darwinian evolution. In response, I have argued that Darwinian science supports the idea of natural right through an immanent teleology of species-specific natural ends.
It is odd, however, that Mansfield never actually asserts the truth of eternal species and cosmic teleology. And while he opens and closes his book by apparently endorsing the teaching of Plato and Aristotle that virtue is rooted in nature, the central chapter of his book (Chapter 4)is devoted to the "manly nihilism" of Teddy Roosevelt and Friedrich Nietzsche. He thus leaves his reader suspecting that the secret teaching of the book is the truth of "manly nihilism."
"The most dramatic statement of manliness," Mansfield asserts, "would be the one where the man is the source of all meaning," which is nihilism (82). Nietzsche is "
the philosopher of manliness in modern times" (110). Teddy Roosevelt is the best political expression of manly nihilism, particularly in the "assertiveness of executive power" (97).
Mansfield is famous for his Machiavellian defense of executive prerogative, which includes some recent articles defending President Bush's displays of the "assertiveness of executive power." Is this all in the service of "manly nihilism"? Does this support the suspicion that Mansfield and other "Eastern Straussians" really are nihilists?
There would no need for nihilism if we saw how a Darwinian naturalism supports natural right as rooted in human nature and immanent teleology.
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Wednesday, May 24, 2006 5 comments: Links to this post
Darwin and Mansfield on Manliness
Harvey Mansfield's new book Manliness is one of the most profound books I have read in recent years. It is a deep study of the nature of human sex differences and of the moral and political implications of those differences.
Mansfield's reasoning about the human nature of male and female is very close to what I have said about sex differences in Darwinian Natural Right and Darwinian Conservatism. And yet he fails to fully embrace Darwinian science because he does not rightly understand the Darwinian account of human nature as confirming Aristotelian naturalism. Mansfield's mistakes in his view of Darwinian biology are shared with other Straussians who fail to see how Darwinism supports the idea of natural right.
Mansfield defines manliness as expressed in assertiveness and spiritedness. He regards such manliness as both good and bad, but essential for politics.
He thinks that in modern liberal society, manliness exists, but it is unemployed. The danger in this situation comes from either too little manliness (bourgeois softness) or too much manliness (Nietzschean will to power). We need to see the wisdom in the reasoning of Plato and Aristotle, who saw the need for a middle ground between too little manliness and too much.
Against the tendency to explain manliness as falling on one side or the other of the nature/nurture dichotomy, Mansfield explains it as emerging from the complex cooperation of nature and nurture. Manliness is a social construction that cultivates a natural inclination.
While criticizing the radical feminist pursuit of gender neutrality, in which manliness would be denied or repressed, Mansfield does not think we can go back to traditional arrangements--with women confined to the home and men free for public careers. Ultimately, he proposes a new liberal feminism based on the liberal distinction between public and private, state and society, so that there would be formal gender neutrality in the public realm but not in the private realm. He concludes: "We need to both respect and ignore sex differences" (228).
Mansfield surveys some of the evidence and reasoning from Darwinian biology that confirms his assertion of differences in men and women rooted in nature that are not likely to be radically altered or abolished by social engineering. But even as he does this, he makes four criticisms of the Darwinian view of manliness.
First, although Darwin rightly sees manliness as aggression, he does not see how that manly aggression among human males becomes assertiveness (48-49, 64-65).
Second, because Darwin does not recognize manly assertiveness, he does not see how such assertiveness supports male dominance in politics (49-50).
Third, the Darwinian denial of eternal, fixed nature and cosmic teleology prepares the way for nihilism (16, 83, 89, 196, 201).
Finally, Darwin assumes a "spontaneous nature" that denies the need for habituation and reasoning in cultivating natural inclinations (192-93, 196-97, 202, 215).
The first criticism is inaccurate. Male assertiveness is a clear theme in Darwin's writing. In The Descent of Man (London: J. Murray, 1871), Darwin wrote: "Man is the rival of other men; he delights in competition, and this leads to ambition which passes too easily into selfishness" (2:326). He saw men as showing "higher energy, perseverance, and courage" than women in the pursuit of "eminence" and "victory" (2:327-28).
Against the second criticism--Darwin's neglect of politics--I would point to Darwin's account of human sociability as manifested in distinct communities with leaders that lead them in competition with other communities (1:74, 79, 84-85, 95). Mansfield is simply wrong when he asserts that in Darwin's writing, we have no politics, because "all we have is the individual and the species" (1:49).
Mansfield's third criticism is hard to handle, because while he warns that the Darwinian denial of the eternity of species and cosmic teleology prepares for nihilism, he never explicitly affirms the truth of the eternity of species and cosmic teleology.
Mansfield concedes that Darwin himself was not a nihilist. He was not, I would say, because he believed that each species had a species-specific nature, so that there were natural ends for each species for as long as the species endured. This sustains an immanent teleology of species-specific ends as a ground for natural right without any need for a cosmic teleology by which the universe as a whole is ordered to some end. That species are not eternal does not deny the natural order of each species for as long as it exists. As Aristotle said: "The Idea of the Good will not be any more good because it is eternal, seeing that a white thing that lasts for a long time is not whiter than a white thing that lasts for a day" (Nicomachean Ethics, 1096b3-5). For as long as the human species exists in its present form, there will be natural differences between men and women, and we will need to take those diffences seriously.
Mansfield's fourth criticism--Darwin saw only "spontaneous nature"--is wrong, because Darwin repeatedly affirmed the importance of habit, custom, and reason in cultivating human nature. In this respect, as in many others, Darwin was close to Aristotle. Darwin explained that "the moral qualities are advanced, either directly or indirectly, much more through the effects of habit, the reasoning powers, instruction, religion, etc., than through natural selection" (2:404; see also 1:165-166, 1:173).
Darwin would agree with Mansfield that natural human inclinations--such as manliness--set a natural guide for action, but we are free to decide how to follow that natural guide as we deliberate about how best to cultivate and direct those inclinations.
If Mansfield--and other Straussian conservatives--were to recognize how Darwinian science supports Aristotelian naturalism, they might see the wisdom in Darwinian natural right and Darwinian conservatism.
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Saturday, May 20, 2006 No comments: Links to this post
Reason and Revelation at Patrick Henry College
Patrick Henry College in Purcellvile, Virginia, was founded six years ago as an evangelical Christian college promoting conservative politics. The school was specifically designed as a college for Christian conservative students who had been home-schooled by their parents. The college made a name for itself quickly because many of its first graduates found jobs in the Bush administration, which indicated the influence of evangelical fundamentalism in the Bush coalition.
About two months ago, I was contacted by Erik Root, a professor of government at Patrick Henry College and a Ph.D. candidate in political philosophy at Claremont Graduate School. Root had written an article in the school newspaper about Augustine's view of education, in which he spoke of the philosophic tradition of natural law. Root quoted some comments from me about how natural law might be rooted in human nature. College President Michael Farris responded to his article by criticizing him for quoting me, since I was a "known Darwinist." I advised Root to be careful about what he said, and I suggested he might be better off not quoting me.
Now I have learned that President Farris has fired Root. In response to this firing, four other faculty members have resigned in protest. Consequently, 5 of the school's 16 faculty members are leaving. News reports have quoted President Farris has saying, "I believe what the Scripture said, and that is that the wisdom of this world is foolishness with God."
So it seems that studies of science and philosophy must be subordinated to the authority of the Bible. The five faculty members who are leaving argue that Christian students need to be open to the knowledge that comes from rational inquiry outside of Biblical religion.
Beginning this summer, the College will have a new president--Graham Walker. In explaining his vision for the College, Walker says: "Most colleges today, even many evangelical schools, have veered away from truth because of their infatuation with human reason."
Isn't there something disturbing about a Biblical conservatism that thinks that college students must avoid any "infatuation with human reason," and that any college professors who defend human reason should be fired?
Wouldn't it be wiser to say that faith and reason have nothing to fear from one another, because God speaks not only through the words of the Bible as revealed to faith, but also through the works of nature as comprehended by reason?
As suggested by the quotation from Francis Bacon about God's "two books" that is the epigram for Darwin's Origin of Species, Darwinian science is open to both Biblical faith and scientific reason. So religious conservatives can also be Darwinian conservatives.
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Monday, May 15, 2006 6 comments: Links to this post
A Reply to Jonathan Wells
The May 22nd issue of The Weekly Standard has a letter by Jonathan Wells concerning James Seaton's review of Darwinian Conservatism in the May 8th issue.
Wells writes: "In his review of Larry Arnhart's Darwinian Conservatism, James Seaton seems to be confused about the nature of conservatism. Arnhart's argument that Darwinism supports conservative social ideals is based on evolutionary psychology, an approach based on so little evidence that even some Darwinists dismiss it. Arnhart ignores central aspects of Darwinian theory that are deeply inimical to traditional Christianity. Arnhart's argument that Darwinism supports conservative political/economic ideals obscures the fact taht Darwinian thinking underlies the 'zero-sum' concept that reduces us to competing for limited resources and justifies leftist-managed economies--the exact opposite of creating wealth through new technology and engaging in free-enterprise capitalism. It's no accident that leftists have historically embraced Darwinism while conservatives have tended to reject it."
Wells is a Fellow of the Discovery Institute in Seattle. He is best known for his book Icons of Evolution, which argues that some of the standard arguments for Darwinian science are flawed.
I cannot respond to Wells' dismissal of evolutionary psychology, because he does not specify exactly what he is criticizing. Actually, I rely very little on evolutionary psychology (of the Tooby-Cosmides sort), because I prefer to stay close to Darwin's own texts.
Likewise, it's hard to respond to the claim that "central aspects of Darwinian theory" are "deeply inimical to traditional Christianity," because Wells does not specify what he has in mind. I have a whole chapter on religion in my book. Wells does not indicate what he finds wrong in this chapter.
The only clear point that I can see in Wells letter is the assertion that Darwinian thinking promotes a "zero-sum" concept, in which one person's gain is another person's loss. By contrast, a "non-zero-sum" game is one in which players gain by cooperating.
Wells ignores my emphasis on how Darwinian thought promotes the evolutionary benefits of sympathy and cooperation that sustain free-market capitalism. As I indicate in the book, Darwin quoted Adam Smith freely about the importance of sympathy and reciprocity in social order. I also stress the Darwinian character of what Frederich Hayek called the "extended order" of civilization achieved through the "spontaneous orders" of cooperation. I have an entire chapter on how Darwinian thinking supports private property and the gains from trade.
So I am baffled as to what Wells is talking about when he asserts that "zero-sum" concepts must dominate Darwinian thinking.
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Saturday, May 13, 2006 2 comments: Links to this post
The Atheism of Intelligent Design Theory
In much of the journalistic coverage of "intelligent design theory" as an alternative to Darwinian science, it is assumed that ID is on the side of Biblical religion, while Darwinism is not. But this is not correct.
The proponents of ID stress the fact that they do not accept the Bible as a guide for science. Specifically, they do not take a literal reading of the Genesis story of six days of creation as superior to the Darwinian theory of evolution. They assume that the Intelligent Designer could have taken millions or billions of years to do his work. And they speak of the Intelligent Designer as a disembodied intelligence with none of the traits of the Biblical God.
The proponents of "young Earth Creationism"--such as Ken Ham of "Answers in Genesis"--scorn ID as an attack on the Bible. A recent article in Christianity Today surveys this controversy and quotes Ham as saying: "What good is it if people believe in intelligence? That's no different than atheism in that if it's not the God of the Bible, it's not Jesus Christ, it's not salvation."
This article also reports that ID proponent William Dembski has been replaced by creationist Kurt Wise as director of the program in science and theology at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary. Apparently, the Southern Baptists have found that Dembski's ID is not an orthodox Biblical doctrine.
Christian conservatives who support ID should recognize that they are rejecting the literal reading of the Bible as a guide for science. Having taken that step, I ask, why not consider the possibility of a theistic evolution that would make Biblical religion and Darwinian science compatible?
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Thursday, May 11, 2006 2 comments: Links to this post
Nature's God and the Founders' Faith
In my previous post, I have claimed that the American Founding Fathers were predominantly Deists, and thus not orthodox Christians. The historical evidence for that claim is laid out clearly in a recent book--David Holmes' The Faiths of the Founding Fathers.
He shows that some of the leaders in the founding generation--such as Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, and John Jay--were probably orthodox Christians. But he also shows that Benjamin Franklin and the first five presidents of the United States--Washington, Adams, Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe--were Deists.
The Deists believed in God, but this was--in the phrase of the Declaration of Independence--"Nature's God." In other words, they believed that God as First Cause was most clearly manifested in the lawful order of nature. Therefore, the best way to study God was through a rational and scientific study of nature as God's work.
Darwin suggested a similar thought in the epigram from Francis Bacon that begins The Origin of Species. "Let no man out of a weak conceit of sobriety, or an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain that a man can search too far or be too well studied in the book of God's word, or in the book of God's works; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an endless progress or proficiency in both." Consequently, the scientific study of nature could be seen as the study of God's works, or of what Darwin called "the laws impressed on matter by the Creator."
Nature's God could work through the natural laws of evolution. And so there should be no conflict between believing in God as the First Cause of nature and the scientific study of natural evolution.
The Founding Fathers Were Not Christians
On this blog and in Darwinian Conservatism, I have argued that Darwin and the evolutionary science that he founded supports religious belief, at least insofar as religion helps to reinforce the moral sense inherent in human nature. Moreover, Darwin acknowledges that the ultimate origin of life is mysterious in such a way that one cannot reject the idea of God as First Cause of life.
But for many American Christian conservatives, this is not enough. They insist that nothing less than orthodox Christian piety can support the traditional morality defended by conservatives.
One manifestation of this thought is the current obsession about the religious beliefs of the American Founding Fathers. Recently, there have been a half dozen or more books on the religious beliefs of the Founders--those who wrote and signed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution--to determine whether they were orthodox Christians. Many Christian conservatives want to argue that the Founders were good Christians who saw Christian beliefs as essential for the moral and political health of the nation.
To me this ignores the obvious fact that the American Founders were not orthodox Christians but Deists. In other words, they were open to talking about how the "Almighty" created the universe, including human beings, and how this "Almighty" enforced a moral law in the universe. But they did not believe that God intervened in human affairs in answer to prayers. Nor did they believe in the divinity of Jesus as the incarnation of God. They spoke often about how important religion might be for reinforcing healthy morality. But they were not inclined to believe in the salvational power of Jesus or the efficacy of prayer for changing events.
Consider just the most obvious evidence. The Declaration of Independence refers to God as Creator and Lawgiver. But there are no references to Jesus or Christianity. The Constitution of the United States makes no references to Jesus or God, except for dating the document "in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth." The only reference to "religion" is the clause declaring that "no religious test" shall be required for any public office (Article 6). In the Ratification Debates, this "no religious test" clause was criticized by some Christians as an anti-Christian provision.
The most revealing evidence comes from a notorious episode in the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in Philadelphia. On June 28th, the delegates appeared to be deadlocked in their debates because of the opposing interests of large States and small States. Benjamin Franklin rose to propose that the Convention invite some local minister to attend and offer daily prayers to invoke the aid of God. "If a sparrow cannot fall to the ground without God's notice, is it probable that an empire without his aid?" According to a popular legend, the Convention accepted Franklin's proposal, and from the moment that they had these prayers, the deadlock was broken by God's providential intervention. This story has been repeated by many American ministers as evidence that the American Constitution was divinely inspired.
I first heard this story as a child when it was part of a sermon at the First Baptist Church of Wills Point, Texas. But years later, as a college student in a class on the American Founding, I was shocked when I looked at James Madison's notes for the Convention as edited by Max Farrand in the Yale University Press edition (particularly 1:450-52, 3:470-73, 3:499, 3:531), and I saw that this story was false. Franklin did make his proposal for daily prayer at the Convention. But the response was silence. Finally, Alexander Hamilton offered a quip about how they did not need "foreign aid." The motion was dropped.
This is not the action of good Christians. It is the action of men who respected religious belief, but who did not believe that God would answer their prayers and intervene to promote their political success. Since the meetings of the Convention were kept secret, they were not concerned about public appearances. If the meetings had been open to the public, they surely would have felt compelled to accept Franklin's motion.
The American Founders were conservatives with a realistic view of human nature, who designed a Constitution based on their view that the concentration of power was dangerous, and therefore that the best government was a limited government of separated powers with checks and balances. Moreover, they believed in the importance of family life and private property in securing individual liberty and moral order. They also believed that religion could provide support for such principles. In all of this, they conformed to what I have called "Darwiniana conservatism."
But none of this requires a pious belief in orthodox Christianity. Anyone who wants to turn the American Founders into good Christians must deny the most obvious facts about their words and deeds.
Posted by Larry Arnhart at Monday, May 08, 2006 21 comments: Links to this post
American Conservatives and Intelligent Design Theory
Until recently, it seemed that the Discovery Institute--a conservative think-tank in Seattle--had succeeded in persuading American conservatives to adopt "intelligent design theory" as the alternative to Darwinian evolutionary science. Their appeal to conservatives was based on the claim that Darwinian science is necessarily atheistic and materialistic in ways that deny the traditional morality that conservatives want to defend.
But now it seems that the tide is turning the other way. In December, Judge John Jones--a Republican appointee--issued a meticulous decision in the famous Dover, Pennsylvania, school case, in which he ruled that teaching "intelligent design" in public schools as a scientific theory was unconstitutional. He explained in careful detail why "intelligent design theory" was not supported by the scientific evidence.
Some conservative commentators--such as Charles Krauthammer and James Q. Wilson--have rejected "intelligent design" and defended Darwinian science. In First Things, one of the leading journals of religious conservatism, Stephen Barr has argued that there is no necessary contradiction between religious belief and Darwinian science, because there is no reason to deny that God could not have worked His creative will through the natural laws of evolution. Charles Darwin himself indicated this at the end of The Origin of Species, when he spoke of "the laws impressed on matter by the Creator."
The ultimate fear of conservatives is that Darwinian evolution is morally corrupting. But I have argued that when Darwin explains the "moral sense" as rooted in the evolved nature of human beings, he supports the conservative view of morality as founded in human nature. Moreover, the conservative commitments to family life, private property, and limited government can all be justified as conforming to human nature as shaped by evolutionary history.
As I have indicated previously, I see nothing wrong with allowing high school biology students to debate the competing claims of "intelligent design" and Darwinian science. If they were to read Darwin's own writings along with some of the "intelligent design" writings, students would see that Darwin anticipated all the major criticisms of his theory and offered plausible responses. Most importantly, they would see that his science supports traditional morality and allows for the possibility that God could be the First Cause of life.
Unfortunately, the conditions in American public schools are not hospitable to such a free and thoughtful debate. But at least now it seems that some conservative leaders are open to such a debate
American Conservatives and Intelligent Design Theo... | {
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Entertainment, Gaming, Tech
How Classic Gaming Franchises Found a New Home to Find Even More Success
July 23, 2020 July 23, 2020 infinigeek
Gaming is a strange case in the entertainment sector. Due to the rate at which the technology is evolving, some classic gaming franchises become restricted to the past. Some developers, however, have recently been piling into the craze of bringing classics to new platforms of play. Remasters aren't uncommon in the current space and are rather popular. However, pivoting legendary brands to new formats has proven to be very successful, too.
Here are some of the biggest and best examples of classic gaming franchises finding a new home to extend their success further.
Shooting on a monitor to shooting on-the-go
Rainway lets you play your PC games on mobile devices or web browsers
Since the first game launched in 2003 on PC, Call of Duty has been among the biggest games on the calendar each year. The first-person shooter that has explored wars of the past, present and future continues to sell millions of copies with each new release across consoles and computers. Being one of, if not the, biggest gaming brands in the world, staying the course would have been acceptable for Call of Duty, but publishers Activision decided to expand the franchise to a new space of gaming.
Mobile gaming is massive right now, but most importantly, mobile has become the go-to platform for gaming in developing games markets, such as India. It's a gigantic market, as are the mobile scenes in established games markets, so Activision commissioned Call of Duty Mobile, as you can see at callofduty.com. The game stretches the platform a great deal, offering a reliable on-the-go Call of Duty experience, with the game earning over 250 million downloads in just eight months since its launch.
Fighting on a machine to fighting on your browser
THE COMPLETE HISTORY OF STREET FIGHTER
Perhaps the most classic form of video gaming is that of arcade gaming. Going down to an arcade hall to insert some coins and play some great games was the normal way to game before home consoles became so accessible. Of all of the classic arcade games, Street Fighter is one of the most notorious. Following the first instalment four years prior, Capcom unleashed Street Fighter II: The World Warrior to the arcades.
Street Fighter II is widely considered to be one of the most important and influential games of all-time and is credited with the resurgence of arcade gaming. Today, the classic fighting game has a new home, with 2020 welcoming the Street Fighter II: World Warrior slot to comeon.com for retro game lovers to play on the app or via web browsers. With all eight of the original fighters to choose from, your spins pick your attacks as you battle to defeat fighters from around the world.
Conquering on PC to conquering with a touch-screen
5 PC Games You Can Continue Playing on Mobile
While the Total War series of historical strategy games has run since the turn of the millennium, Rome: Total War was perhaps the tipping point that shot the series into the mainstream. Playing as a faction of the Roman Empire, and later any faction, you'd seek to conquer Europe, western Asia, and North Africa to win total control of Rome.
Such a groundbreaking game, Rome: Total War is rightfully remembered as an iconic PC game. Now, it can be played even more conveniently with touch-screen controls. Found on apple.com, the Rome: Total War Collection comprises the original game and its two spin-offs – Barbarian Invasion and Alexander. It holds-up very well, with the touch-screen controls on portable devices giving it new and modern appeal.
Remastering is welcomed by many veteran gamers, but adapting major franchises to new environments gives something new and exciting to existing fans while offering modern appeal to new players.
Top 5 Old School Games That You Still Can Play Now
Video Game Genres Every Serious Gamer Needs to Try at least Once
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Digital Games: Get Ready for the Future of Gaming
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Different Ways To Enjoy Gaming This Winter
Tags: call-of-dutycapcomclassic-gamingdesktop-pcfirst-person-shooterfortnitegamergamer-geekgaminggaming-consolesgaming-franchisesgaming-geekGaming-Industrygeek-culturegeek-gaminglaptopmobile-gamingPCPC-gamesPC-gamingretro-gamesretro-gamingretro-PC-Gamingstreet-fightertouch-screen
infinigeek July 23, 2020 July 23, 2020 0 1 Like Like 271
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Cut Those Tech Costs | {
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The first sector of a partitioned disk is called the Master Boot Record ( MBR). After installing Win XP SP2 my pen drive does not seem to get detected. At first but now i couldn' t. KakaSoft is a professional folder protection USB security, Shared folder protect private disk encryption software provider for Windows users. For a long time, Microsoft didn' t sell Windows install media in the form of bootable USB flash drives. I had an old USB led around, but it wouldn' t mount for me to run diskpart on it. Usb flash drive under dos.
Perhaps now Sangoma will. Usb flash drive under dos. Not via a hub it may be necessary to detach all other USB devices when using this utility, docking stations, etc), USB extension cables but most often the utility will find the USB port where your printer is located. Buy PNY Pro Elite 512GB 400MB/ sec USB 3.
Stack Exchange network consists of 174 Q& A communities including Stack Overflow share their knowledge, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn build their careers. There is no " read- only" switch on the drive.
Is an internationally acclaimed software distribution company. I have a damaged external usb hdd.
; Debian officially supports a Debian live project providing live images for its stable releases with a choice of several desktop environments; Fedora ( with Fedora Media Writer) ; Gentoo Gentoo USB Live; Haiku: the Installer tool installs the operating system onto a hard disk a USB Live indifferently. When i' m trying to delete files on my USB, a dialog box appears saying " There is no disk in the drive.
Multiple partitions on a USB Flash drive. I had the same problem and i downloaded hirens boot cd 10. Hi, am having problems with YUMI 2. Prior to SP2 installation, my drive used to function normally.
0 Premium Flash Drive P- FD512PRO- GE: USB Flash Drives - FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases. But nothing can be wr. Here are the problems i am dealing with: 1. You can' t boot into Windows because of a Virus Spyware, Trojan, Malware .
NOTE: If you have trouble transferring the file, make sure you are directly attached to the USB port ( i. When i connect the device to the pc i can access the file system for round about a minute. Visit Stack Exchange.
All of the data is still there. I have a USB key that was previously set up as a bootable key ( clonezilla) Because of this there is an MBR on the key that will try ( after it' s downloaded, fail) to boot off the key if it is left in a stead of selecting USB Flash Drive in the Media Creation Tool, just select ISO File instead, choose a location to save the file follow the steps outlined in the Rufus guide above. Click here for an illustration. Usb flash drive under dos. All victims have to do is download WanaKiwi tool from Github and run it on their affected Windows computer using the command line ( cmd). Jun 21 · i had the same problem i downloaded hirens boot cd 10. So we' re pleased to accept the Sangoma challenge and introduce the second- generation Incredible PBX 13.
Here everything else in between, we have enough reasons to be proud of our om our people to our clients, at has come a long way since our first stride in. A Live CD allows users to run an operating system for any purpose without installing it or making any changes to the computer' s. I have problems with my USB. Alternatively ( in case the disk does not show up on your desktop) right click , open Finder, on the sidebar menu locate your USB drive under Devices select " Get Info".
All victims have to do is download WanaKiwi tool from Github and run it on their affected Windows computer using the command line ( c. It' s been on the street almost two months.
I have a USB key that was previously set up as a bootable key ( clonezilla) Because of this there is an MBR on the key that will try ( and fail) to boot off the key if it is left in a system. As some people may know I am a big fan of Windows 95 because it can be installed without any web browser. Quick tip I hope will help people going through the same pain as me when trying to create a thumb drive for Windows Server.
After that period the disk keeps spinning but every io operation times out. I found two problems with the accepted answer: It assumes the usb drive is disk 1 for DISKPART. Updated: January 17 Internet Security » Free Portable USB Antivirus How to decrypt WannaCry for free without paying the BitCoin ransom money? 2: " I manage to load different OS in my 16GB USB stick now I can only boot to the last one, meaning if I loaded leniX: Customized OpenSolaris installs including live CD live USB.
I have Transcend 1GB JV30 USB pen drive. The Incredible PBX 13 ISO was getting long in the tooth. This can be resolved by using the LIST DISK command prior to. Like its predecessor it' s 100% open source GPL code.
I don' t know if this is happening due to windows xp sp2 because i' m using windows 98 in school it' s working. Usb flash drive under dos. Jan 17, · I have Transcend 1GB JV30 USB pen drive. ; Debian officially supports a Debian live project providing live images for its stable releases, with a choice of several desktop B Flash Drive driver for Windows 95 OSR/ 2.
You may also want to give the drive a. A live CD ( also live DVD live disc, live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD- ROM , similar storage device into a computer' s memory rather than loading from a hard disk drive. A live CD ( also live DVD similar storage device into a computer' s memory, rather than loading from a hard disk was established in , live disc, live operating system) is a complete bootable computer installation including operating system which runs directly from a CD- ROM , has been developing security encryption based software on both shareware as well as freeware for PC.
Suddenly my USB Flash Drive ( 8gb Corsaire Voyager) is suddenly read- only I' m not sure why. 2 smart fdisk the deleted the partition, boot up with the cd with the usb plugged in, selected partition tool pressed enter to save the.
Instead despite the fact that many notebooks today are too small to even include an optical drive, it prefered to stick to old- school DVD media many DIYers are building PCs which forego one.
Creating a Bootable USB Flash drive to " Boot DOS from USB", can be complicated. However, a tool called Rufus, created [.
How to Set Your Computer to Boot from USB Flash Drive. A bootable USB flash drive can be a pretty useful tool when diagnosing a computer.
Luckily, they' re easy to. Run GParted from a USB Flash Drive using Windows and our Universal USB Installer to complete the task.
May 11, · Tick " Quick Format" under Format Options to speed the process up ( if you don' t want a comprehensive format). | {
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Home ArticlesEnergy Efficiency New York: Getting the Price Right for Energy Efficiency
New York: Getting the Price Right for Energy Efficiency
written by Walter Wang 04/22/2013
New York officials are scrutinizing the cost of energy efficiency – especially when it's needed fast – as they prepare for the possible shutdown of a nuclear plant.
Energy efficiency insiders will want to keep an eye on this public service commission proceeding for two reasons. First, it offers a potential 100 MW in business opportunity. Second, wide disagreement exists about what the resource will cost.
The 100 MW of energy efficiency would help make up for the potential loss of Indian Point. The nuclear plant's federal licenses expire over the next couple of years, and it's not clear whether or not it will win relicensing. State officials say they must prepare now. New York City relies on Indian Point's power.
Consolidated Edison wants to provide 100 MW of permanent peak reduction as part of larger mix of generation and transmission to replace the plant.
At issue is the price tag.
Con Edison estimated it will cost as much as $300 million to achieve 100 MW of peak energy reduction. The New York State Energy & Research Development Authority pegs the cost at $155.5 million. And Consumer Power Advocates, an alliance of hospitals, colleges and other large non-profit energy users, estimates $200/kW, compared with Con Edison's $3,000/kW.
In an April 19 order, the public service commission called the costs "sobering." The commission wants to find ways to bring the price down. Competitive solicitations can do this, but they are time consuming, the commission said. And the schedule is tight – by energy planning standards. Licenses for Indian Point's two units expire in September 2013 and December 2015.
The commission ordered Con Edison to file a plan within 45 days that provides more granular cost estimates and offers ways to lower the price tag.
Why were Con Edison's initial costs so high? It has to do with the need for speed. The utility believes it must offer high incentives and rebates to get customers to sign on quickly enough to meet the 2016 reduction goal.
The strategy, which targets mostly large energy users, calls for several approaches to peak reduction, such as fuel switching, renewable distributed generation, lighting, and building management and control systems combined with efficient air conditioning.
The programs may go forward even if nuclear plant doesn't close, according to Garry Brown, chairman of the public service commission.
"One of the things we will be looking at is the value of some of these upgrades —energy efficiency — even if Indian Point stays open. At least some of the projects would probably fall into the category of something that may be valuable under any circumstance," Brown said at the commission's April meeting.
Stay tuned. The commission wants to have the program goals and budgets in place before the end of the summer.
Elisa Wood is a long-time energy writer whose work appears in many of the industry's top magazines and newsletters. She is publisher of the Energy Efficiency Markets podcast and newsletter.
Con Edisoncontrol systemsefficiencyenergy planningIndian PointNew York
Walter Wang
Walter's contributions to CleanTechies over the past 4 years have been instrumental in growing the publications social media channels via his ongoing editorial and data driven strategies. He is the founder and managing director of Sunflower Tax, a renewable energy tax and finance consultancy based in San Diego, California. Active in the San Diego clean technology community, participating in events sponsored by CleanTech San Diego, EcoTopics, and Cleantech Open San Diego, Walter has also been a presenter at numerous California Center for Sustainability (CCSE) programs. He currently serves as an adjunct professor at the University of San Diego School of Law where he teaches a course on energy taxation and policy.
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Energy Efficiency in the Supply Chain 101 | {
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How do banks work? What does the City do? Why do prices rise or fall? Is competition wasteful? How can we create more wealth? What causes globalization and how does it affect people?
Economics Made Simple answers these and other questions, not in the way that economics textbooks do - with graphs, abstract models, jargon-ridden theory, and mathematical equations - but through narrative and lucid explanation rooted in everyday experience and common-sense intuitions.
This is a personal school of economics for anyone who has ever wanted to know how money, trade and markets really work. The study of economics has never been so enjoyable - or eye-opening.
Dr Madsen Pirie is President of the Adam Smith Institute (www.adamsmith.org) and Senior Visiting Fellow in Land Economy at the University of Cambridge. He was awarded the National Free Enterprise Award in 2010 (jointly with Dr Eamonn Butler). He frequently appears as a commentator on television and radio, and has published articles in most major national newspapers and magazines.
Madsen often addresses university and school audiences on economic and policy issues, and occasionally participates in panel discussions and speaks at international conferences. He is a graduate of the Universities of Edinburgh, St Andrews and Cambridge. | {
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Welcome to The Johnson Arms . Your Local Pub.
At the Johnson Arms in Nottingham, we pride ourselves on being the very best local that caters for all your needs in a warm and relaxed environment.
Our excellent staff will make the Johnson Arms feel like your home from home – serving you with our great selection of drinks and tasty food, whilst allowing you to enjoy our offers and events.
The Johnson Arms is somewhere you're always welcome and relaxed, whether by yourself, or with friends or family. Located just down the road from the University of Nottingham and the Queen's Medical Centre, it really is a proper community pub. | {
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DEA announced Tuesday a deregulatory measure that will make it easier for individuals in underserved areas to receive treatment for opioid addiction. The measure, published in the Federal Register, permits nurse practitioners and physician assistants to become DATA-Waived qualifying practitioners, giving them authority to prescribe and dispense buprenorphine from their offices. Before the Drug Abuse Treatment Act of 2000 was enacted, only physicians could treat opioid addicts and were required to register with DEA as both physicians and operators of Narcotic Treatment Programs. The move brings DEA's regulations into conformity with the Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act (CARA), which was passed by Congress and signed into law 2 years ago. Because most DATA-Waived physicians before CARA were in urban areas, rural parts of the country were underserved. The new DEA action will provide more treatment options for addicts in rural areas. At present, there are nearly 43,000 DATA-Waived qualifying practitioners in the United States. | {
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Digital Identity. For all.
New Consortium for Digital Identity led by Mvine gaining support
Mvine Ltd announces today the new consortium for digital identity led by Mvine is calling for "Digital Identity. For All".
Launched in May 2018, the consortium brings together Identity Providers, Attribute Providers and Service Providers with an interest in digital identity services which are ubiquitous, compliant with Government identity assurance and truly interoperable for users.
Frank Joshi, Director at Mvine, said, "Everybody should have the right to a digital identity. We want to eliminate any situation occurring where the haves and the have nots is deemed to be okay. It's not acceptable that people are excluded from benefitting from digital identity. The tech industry itself, together with public, private and third sector organisations need to convene to bring about digital identity for all."
"The consortium approach assures that market players will be collaborative, not use dominant positions to curry favour because that will only damage trust, prevent progress and frustrate users."
The consortium business model engenders wide support, including from Don Thibeau, co-chairman of the Open Identity Exchange UK (OIX UK) who said: "Open Identity Exchange has gone on record about the cost of doing nothing. Progressive action is now needed and for that reason I'm enthusiastic about what a consortium can deliver and am happy to encourage its development."
The announcement coincides with Think Digital Identity for Government conference, which opens on Thursday, 29th November, at One Great George Street, Westminster. | {
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Write small. Be specific. You can't write about your entire life or everything you are in 8 vignettes. Decide which story you want to tell.
Reflect. You probably didn't turn into a young adult overnight. It's a gradual process. Try to capture that (it's not easy).
Find the poetry. Remember, a vignette is half-story, half-poetry. Read The House on Mango Street as a writer looking to do something similar.
This is impossible to teach. There is no ONE WAY to write a vignette.
But here are some things that I've noticed or tried myself.
Get to the point. Tell us what the vignette is going to be about right off the bat. We didn't always live on Mango Street. - Everybody in our family has different hair. - They are the only ones who understand me*.
Go beyond what you're talking about. Hairs is about more than hair. It's about how everyone in her family is different. It's about her relationship with her mother. It's about belonging. Comfort. Happiness.
Don't worry about quotation marks when you include dialogue. Sometimes you can even include the dialogue in the paragraph instead of beginning a new paragraph.
Begin with a line of dialogue. Close your eyes and they'll go away, her father says, or You're just imagining.
Don't worry about including tons of background information. This isn't a novel, where each character must be fleshed out and explored. Sometimes just a character name is enough.
Be poetic. Metaphors, similes, personification. Until then I am a red balloon, a balloon tied to an anchor. You can never have too much sky.
Embellish. Imagine what someone else is feeling or thinking, even if you didn't ask them about it. Esperanza is the narrator of Mango Street, and she tells her own story. But she also tells the stories of others. Marin, under the streetlight, dancing by herself...waiting for a car to stop, a star to fall, someone to change her life. | {
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<?php
namespace Eloquent\Schemer\Reference;
use Eloquent\Schemer\Pointer\PointerFactory;
use Eloquent\Schemer\Pointer\PointerFactoryInterface;
use Eloquent\Schemer\Uri\UriInterface;
use Eloquent\Schemer\Value;
class FixedResolutionScopeMapFactory extends Value\Visitor\AbstractValueVisitor implements
ResolutionScopeMapFactoryInterface
{
/**
* @param PointerFactoryInterface|null $pointerFactory
*/
public function __construct(PointerFactoryInterface $pointerFactory = null)
{
if (null === $pointerFactory) {
$pointerFactory = new PointerFactory;
}
$this->pointerFactory = $pointerFactory;
}
/**
* @return PointerFactoryInterface
*/
public function pointerFactory()
{
return $this->pointerFactory;
}
/**
* @param UriInterface $baseUri
* @param Value\ValueInterface $value
*
* @return ResolutionScopeMap
*/
public function create(UriInterface $baseUri, Value\ValueInterface $value)
{
return new ResolutionScopeMap(
array(
array($this->pointerFactory()->create(), $baseUri),
),
$value
);
}
private $pointerFactory;
}
| {
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How does replacement cost relate to actual cash value?
Aside from protecting your home from theft, structural damage and personal liability, homeowners insurance also includes living expenses if you need to live elsewhere while your home is being repaired. Your personal contents, however, are the items you most likely will miss and will want to replace as quickly as possible. There are two options for insuring the contents of your home: replacement cost coverage and actual cash value coverage. Choosing the option that's right for you depends on your lifestyle and finances.
If you insure the contents of your home for actual cash value, in the case of theft, you will get the actual value of the items stolen, but with depreciation taken into account. So an old TV might be worth only a quarter of the price of a new TV. Therefore the money you can claim from the insurance company, while it is helpful, cannot cover the cost of buying the item brand-new. Since less money is being offered as compensation, insurance for actual cash value coverage is more affordable than replacement cost coverage. It's worthwhile to insure items for actual cash value only, if you don't necessarily care about the particular items and you can live without them comfortably.
Although replacement cost coverage is ten percent more expensive than actual cash value coverage, it's worth it when you have items that are integral to your lifestyle or are impossible to replace, such as complex electronic equipment, original artwork or expensive jewelry. Maintaining replacement coverage for electronic equipment is especially important since electronics get upgraded regularly, leaving old electronic equipment virtually worthless. When you insure your contents for replacement cost, you receive the current value of the item so that you can purchase a new replacement. If some unique items just cannot be replaced, at least you can take comfort in getting its value in monetary compensation. | {
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#include <Interface/Modules/Fields/ScaleFieldMeshAndDataDialog.h>
#include <Core/Algorithms/Legacy/Fields/TransformMesh/ScaleFieldMeshAndData.h>
using namespace SCIRun::Gui;
using namespace SCIRun::Dataflow::Networks;
using namespace SCIRun::Core::Algorithms::Fields;
ScaleFieldMeshAndDataDialog::ScaleFieldMeshAndDataDialog(const std::string& name, ModuleStateHandle state,
QWidget* parent /* = 0 */)
: ModuleDialogGeneric(state, parent)
{
setupUi(this);
setWindowTitle(QString::fromStdString(name));
fixSize();
addDoubleSpinBoxManager(dataScaleDoubleSpinBox_, Parameters::data_scale);
addDoubleSpinBoxManager(geomScaleDoubleSpinBox_, Parameters::mesh_scale);
addCheckBoxManager(useCenterOfGeometryCheckBox_, Parameters::scale_from_center);
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
} | 6,620 | [
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First CRC of Rocky Mountain House is seeking a shepherd to lead our congregation.
We are a church known for its preaching and for its many ministries which draw people from outside of the membership. Because of our unique position in the shadow of the Rockies, we have a camp facility and we run two week-long summer camps as well as a VBS program.
As a congregation we value solid biblical preaching that can be applied in our daily life. We are growing in appreciation for the importance of prayer and seek a pastor who will help us further our growth. We tend to be more hands-on and less heady; or to put it another way, you are more likely to find a member helping out at the local food bank than studying the difference between expiation and propitiation. Our congregation has a wide range of ages with a healthy number of children under the age of 10.
Rocky Mountain House has a strong ministerial which oversees The Lord's Foodbank, shares seniors ministries and sponsors a community Christmas service. Although the ideal candidate will be comfortable working in an ecumenical environment, we are seeking a pastor who is ordained in the Christian Reformed Church. Our community is also enhanced by Rocky Christian School providing K-9 Christian education which dovetails with the education program our church provides.
or call the church office 403.845.6067. | {
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Pro-Kit lowers your car's centre of gravity, reducing squat during acceleration, body roll in corners and excessive nosedive under braking.
When combined with Plus-1 or Plus-2 wheels and tyres, the Eibach Pro-Kit is the finishing touch to a winning recipe for performance.
Pro-Kit also reduces excessive fender well clearance, making your car look just as hot as it performs. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Jean-Pierre Guignon, né Giovanni Pietro Ghignone le à Turin, mort le à Versailles était un compositeur et violoniste franco-italien.
Vie
Guignon est le fils d'un marchand de Turin et un disciple de Giovanni Battista Somis. Il donne sa première à Paris en 1725. Il devient musicien de la chapelle du prince de Savoie-Carignan en 1730, poste qu'il conserve une vingtaine d'années. Dans le même temps, il se fait admirer par la reine Marie Leszczynska et entre également en 1733 à la chapelle royale, où il reste jusqu'à sa pension en 1762.
Ses mérites comme violoniste lui valent le surnom de « Roy des violonistes » c'est-à-dire directeur de la Ménestrandise, titre alors en déshérence et qui sera supprimé après lui. Les représentations de ses propres concertos et celles du maître vénitien Antonio Vivaldi au Concert Spirituel sont accueillies avec beaucoup de succès.
Une pièce de clavecin de Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Forqueray, publiée en 1747, porte son nom : La Guignon.
Royal Maître des Ménétriers
En 1741, le roi lui octroie la nationalité française et le titre de « Royal Maître des Ménétriers ». Guignon supervise ainsi les chanteurs et danseurs du royaume devenant officiellement le premier violon de l'époque.
Œuvres
Opus 1 : 12 sonates pour violon et basse continue (la huitième est pour flûte traversière)
Opus 2 : 6 sonates pour deux violoncelles
Opus 3 : 6 sonates pour deux violons
Opus 4 : 6 sonates en trio
Opus 5 : 6 sonates en trio
Opus 6 : 6 sonates pour violon et basse continue
Opus 7 : 6 duos de violons
Opus 8 : Pièces à 2 violons
Opus 9 : Nouvelles variations de divers airs et les Folies d'Espagne
Opus 10 : 6 trios
Ses concertos pour violon (dont un en sol majeur et un autre en do majeur), des messes et d'autres compositions ne furent pas imprimées.
Liens externes
Violoniste classique français
Violoniste classique italien
Compositeur italien de la période baroque
Compositeur français de la période baroque
Naissance en février 1702
Naissance à Turin
Décès en janvier 1774
Décès à Versailles
Décès à 71 ans
Décès dans la province d'Île-de-France | {
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The Libertines Are Opening Their Own Hotel/Studio
And it's called... The Albion Rooms
Robin Murray
26 · 01 · 2018
Robin Murray /
/ / 26 · 01 · 2018
The Libertines are set to open their own hotel/studio complex in Margate.
The band took over the Victorian building in the English seaside town last year, and have spent time renovating each room.
Placing a studio in the building, The Albion Rooms will launch later this year with fans and musicians able to make use of the complex.
Already at work on their fourth studio album, The Libertines promise that The Albion Rooms will be "a living art space, a Warholian factory, with guest rooms, a bar and studio."
A five story, ten room building that overlooks Margate's famous band stand, you can check out footage of The Albion Rooms below.
Join us on Vero, as we get under the skin of global cultural happenings. Follow Clash Magazine as we skip merrily between clubs, concerts, interviews and photo shoots. Get backstage sneak peeks and a true view into our world as the fun and games unfold.
Follow Clash:
Liam Frost's 'The Slow Knife' Is A Slow-Paced Epic | {
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TMT Law
Madrid Lawyers
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Events & Press Releases
Sectors News
You are here: Home / Sectors News
Summary of news on current events in the most relevant sectors of the Spanish economy.
Will the loss of passporting rights affect London's status as the financial hub of the world ?
04/07/2019 /in Sectors News /by Alberto Álvarez
Passporting rights allow banks, companies and financial services firms to operate their business in any EU or European Economic Area country. Brexit would imply the loss of these rights, forcing these companies to leave the UK.
https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/union-jack-2340400_1280-e1562247962909.jpg 204 300 Alberto Álvarez https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Logo-Mariscal-Abogados-Legal-Services-Spain-300x93.jpg Alberto Álvarez2019-07-04 08:00:222019-07-04 16:31:04Will the loss of passporting rights affect London's status as the financial hub of the world ?
Biotechnology's eleven colours
09/02/2017 /in Sectors News /by Mariscal & Abogados
The Convention on Biological Diversity of 1992 defines biotechnologie,whose fields of application follw the colours of the rainbow and encompasses the agricultural, industrial and environmental sectors among others.
https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/globulos-rojos.jpg 266 400 Mariscal & Abogados https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Logo-Mariscal-Abogados-Legal-Services-Spain-300x93.jpg Mariscal & Abogados2017-02-09 08:00:562019-07-01 12:51:25Biotechnology's eleven colours
Good Prospects for Wind Power Energy in Spain
10/01/2017 /in Sectors News /by Karl H. Lincke
Spain is a world leading contributor in wind power technology, consequently building a great presence in the world as well as contributing 17% of the country's electricity needs.
https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/tablas-mar.jpg 152 400 Karl H. Lincke https://www.mariscal-abogados.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/Logo-Mariscal-Abogados-Legal-Services-Spain-300x93.jpg Karl H. Lincke2017-01-10 08:00:392019-07-04 18:18:19Good Prospects for Wind Power Energy in Spain
Publicactions
Inheritance and Legacies
Set up a business in Spain: representative office, branch or subsidiary?
Key points of the share purchase agreement in Spain
The commercial agent's right to information and its exercise in legal proceedings
The Deposit of Annual Accounts in Spain
© 2015 Mariscal Abogados S.L.P. -. CIF B82934084 - recorded data : Volume 16351 of Section 8, Folio 134, Page M-277809.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS - PRIVACY POLICY - COOKIES POLICY
MARISCAL ABOGADOS, S.L.P. is the owner of all Intellectual Property rights, designs, source code and contents of this Web Page.
This site uses cookies. By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our Cookies Policy | {
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Nanochip Fab Solutions
Applied Materials Announces Cash Dividend
SANTA CLARA, Calif., Sept. 02, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Applied Materials, Inc. today announced that its Board of Directors has approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.24 per share payable on the company's common stock. The dividend is payable on Dec. 16, 2021 to shareholders of record as of Nov. 26, 2021.
The quarterly cash dividend is a key component of Applied's capital allocation strategy. In the third quarter of fiscal 2021, Applied returned $1.72 billion, or 111 percent of free cash flow, to shareholders through dividends and share repurchases. The company had approximately $6.5 billion remaining in its share buyback authorization at the end of that period.
About Applied Materials
Applied Materials, Inc. (Nasdaq: AMAT) is the leader in materials engineering solutions used to produce virtually every new chip and advanced display in the world. Our expertise in modifying materials at atomic levels and on an industrial scale enables customers to transform possibilities into reality. At Applied Materials, our innovations make possible a better future. Learn more at www.appliedmaterials.com.
Ricky Gradwohl (editorial/media) 408.235.4676
Michael Sullivan (financial community) 408.986.7977
Source: Applied Materials, Inc.
Home| Company / News / Press releases / 2021 / 09 / Applied Materials Announces Cash Dividend | {
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ICO wants your view on key GDPR (General Data Protection Regulation) issue
Information Commissioner opens debate on problematic issue of profiling under imminent EU data protection legislation, looks for UK IT community to stakeholders to share its views
Posted 10 April 2017 by Gary Flood
The UK's official privacy watchdog says input is needed on one of the most controversial aspects of the upcoming European Union's updated data protection strictures, profiling – and if you feel your have something to say, now's the time.
'Profiling' means using aspects of an individual's personality or behaviour, interests and habits to be determined, analysed and predicted, via things like looking at their Internet browsing history, their financial doings or evaluation of their lifestyle and behaviour data gathered from mobile phones.
This sort of profiling of users is now a big part of the modern Information Economy – but it's usually done in secret, and the EU thinks that should change.
Among other changes, the GDPR introduces new rights for data subjects and obligations for controllers to promote "greater transparency and more individual control when profiling is being carried out on personal data", such as additional information requirements and greater accountability.
That has implications for all sorts of players either doing profiling or using data based on it, clearly – and there's an angle here for the digital consumer and citizen, too.
At the end of last week the ICO (Information Commissioner's Office) published some draft guidance on profiling, which as it notes "is specifically addressed in the GDPR and there are new obligations for data controllers to consider" in General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), which despite Brexit is still almost certainly something UK organisations need to adopt to trade with Europe.
'709%' surge in GDPR vacancies
Only 20% UK population trust you with their data – ICO
The EU / US Privacy Not-so-merry-go-round
GDPR to issue in new era of accountability, ICO says
The ICO feels that the new relationship between profiling once GDPR becomes law in terms marketing, the right to object and data minimisation all need discussion.
The ICO has set up a special email for responses from vendors and public sector entities alike, [email protected], with a deadline of April 28th for any submissions.
After the deadline has passed, it plans to publish a summary of responses it receives.
In a blog on its site released at the same time as the consultation process being opened by its Interim Head of Policy and Engagement, Jo Pedder, the ICO says that. "Profiling can be a powerful tool for organisations and can benefit individuals, the economy and society generally [and] can help organisations to understand and target audiences more effectively and is used to make decisions about people, but these can have a significant and sometimes detrimental effect on individuals."
ICO Head of Policy and Engagement Jo Pedder
Information Commissioner's Office | {
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Are you naturally blonde? What's the best thing about being blonde?
I am a natural blonde and have been blonde my whole life. Now that I'm older my hair is darker and I get highlights. The best thing about being blonde is being LEGALLY blonde!!! Because blondes have more fun.
What was your early education into theatre like?
When I was younger I enrolled in summer theatre classes with my older brother. We had so much fun rehearsing shows and bonding with new friends. Then I joined choir in school, which was the most amazing experience. My favorite part about choir and theatre has always been working together in a group to achieve an artistic goal.
Who are some iconic, comedic roles by women you admire and would possibly like to play one day?
Elle Woods is definitely a dream role. I would also love to play Glinda in Wicked some day!
Were you a fan of Legally Blonde the movie?
I remember when the movie came out and going to see it with all of my friends. I absolutely love the movie still and I really look up to Reese Witherspoon! She is an incredible actor and feminist and also has her own production company now that prioritizes female-driven, women-centered projects.
Do you identify with any aspects of Elle Woods?
I definitely identify with being underestimated sometimes because I'm blonde.
If there's a trait of Elle Woods you wished you had, what would it be?
I would love to have her confidence!
How do you think Elle's grit will resonate with women today — women who are looking to banish stereotypes and fight for equality and representation?
I'm hoping females in the audience will find something in common with Elle's story even if they aren't blonde, and that they will be inspired by the mutual female empowerment in the story and the strong relationships between the women.
It's more than just a story of a rich girl who wants to stalk her boyfriend, right? What's your take on it?
I like to say that Elle does the right thing for all the wrong reasons. Yes, she initially goes to Harvard to try and win back her ex-boyfriend, but it ends up being the best thing she ever did because she discovers her true value and potential along the way, and meets some very important people who change her life for the better.
Did you look towards Reese Witherspoon's portrayal in the crafting of this character? What else did you draw on for your portrayal?
When I started this show I honestly already knew the movie so well that my portrayal has definitely been informed by Reese's iconic role, but I didn't need to go back and watch it to specifically reference it (though I do still watch it for fun sometimes!) I also drew inspiration from Laura Bell Bundy, who originated the Broadway production, and from Becky Gulsvig, who played Elle on the first US National Tour and whom I had the pleasure of meeting when the show came through my hometown! But once we started rehearsing I found it important to discover a portrayal that felt honest to me.
What's your favourite line from the show?
My favorite line from the show is when Elle tells Emmett in Take It Like a Man: "That's best part: The outside is new, but now it reflects what's already in you. Couldn't change that if I wanted to... and I do not." I think it's the moment their connection begins to deepen, and it's a very poignant moment where Elle explains to Emmett how you can be a good, smart person and still dress and present yourself well, and he begins to understand that about her.
Legally Blonde - The Musical runs till 20 May at Sands Theatre, Marina Bay Sands. Tickets here.
Reese Witherspoon on Tiffany Masterpieces: "I almost had to have nothing else on" | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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\section{Introduction}
\label{intro}
The study of curves is an important chapter of geometry. Besides its intrinsic importance, curves also play a major role in the analysis of surfaces, and manifolds in general. In particular, the consideration of curves that belong to a given surface, such as planar or spherical curves \cite{ArnoldRMS1995,ChmutovOregon2006,LinJDG1996}, may be of great value. In this respect an interesting problem is {\it``how can we characterize those (spatial) curves that belong to a certain surface $\Sigma$?"}. Despite the simplicity to formulate the problem, there is no known general solution to it except for a few cases: namely, when $\Sigma$ is a plane \cite{Struik}, a sphere \cite{WongMonatshMath,Struik}, or a cylinder \cite{StarostinMonatshMath}. The solution for planar curves is quite trivial once we introduce the Frenet frame: the torsion must vanish. On the other hand, the characterization for spherical curves generally involves an ODE relating the curvature function and the torsion \cite{WongMonatshMath}, while the characterization for cylindrical curves involves a system of algebro-differential equations \cite{StarostinMonatshMath}. In the 70's, through the idea of equipping a curve with a relatively parallel moving frame, Bishop was able to characterize spherical curves through a linear equation relating the coefficients that dictate the frame motion \cite{BishopMonthly}. The coefficients of such a Bishop frame admit a simple geometric interpretation and, besides its impact on the study of spherical curves, a Bishop frame also has the advantage of being globally defined even if a curve has points of zero curvature \cite{BishopMonthly}. Naturally, it also finds applications in problems which make use of frames along curves, such as in rotation-minimizing frames in rigid body dynamics \cite{FaroukiCAGD2014}, computer graphics and visualization \cite{HansonTechrep1995}, robotics \cite{WebsterIJRR2010}, quantum waveguides \cite{HaagAHP2015}, integrable systems \cite{SandersMMJ2003}, and also in mathematical biology in the study of DNA \cite{ChirikjianBST2013,ClauvelinJCTC2012} and protein folding \cite{HuPRE2011}, just to name a few.
In the quest of spherical curves we should not restrict ourselves to the context of an Euclidean ambient space, $(E^3,\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle\,)$. Indeed, we can consider the more general setting of a Lorentz-Minkowski space, $(E_1^3,(\cdot,\cdot)\,)$, where one has to deal with three types of spheres: pseudo-spheres $\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)=F_P^{-1}(r^2)$; pseudo-hyperbolic spaces $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)=F_P^{-1}(-r^2)$; and light-cones $\mathcal{C}^2(P)=F_P^{-1}(0)$, where $F_P(x)=(x-P,x-P)$ and $(\cdot,\cdot)$ has index 1. Indeed, it is possible to find characterizations of some classes of spherical curves scattered among a few papers: pseudo-spherical \cite{BektasBMMS1998,IlarslamJII-PP2003,PekmenMM1999,Petrovic-TorgasevMM2000,Petrovic-TorgasevMV2001} and pseudo-hyperbolic curves \cite{IlarslamJII-PP2003,Petrovic-TorgasevKJM2000} via Frenet frame; and also curves on light-cones \cite{ErdoganJST2009,LiuRM2011,LiuJG2016} by exploiting conformal invariants and the concept of cone curvature \cite{LiuBAG2004}. It is also possible to find constructions of Bishop frames on curves in $E_1^3$ for spacelike curves \cite{BukcuCFSUA2008,BukcuSJAM2010,LowJGSP2012,OzdemirMJMS2008} with a non-lightlike normal, and timelike curves \cite{KaracanSDUJS2008,LowJGSP2012,OzdemirMJMS2008}, along with several characterizations of spherical curves through a linear equation via Bishop frames \cite{BukcuCFSUA2008,BukcuSJAM2010,KaracanSDUJS2008,OzdemirMJMS2008}. All the above mentioned studies in $E_1^3$ have in common that much attention is paid on the possible combinations of casual characters of the tangent and normal vectors, which makes necessary the consideration of several instances of the investigation of Bishop frames and spherical curves. Moreover, none of them take into account the possibility of a lightlike tangent or a lightlike normal. Naturally, this reflects in the incompleteness of the available characterizations of spherical curves in $E_1^3$.
Here we apply these ideas in order to characterize those spatial curves that belong to surfaces implicitly defined by a smooth function, $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$, by reinterpreting the problem in the new geometric setting of an inner product induced by the Hessian, $\mbox{Hess}\,F=\partial^2F/\partial x^i\partial x^j$. Although simple, this idea will prove to be very useful. Moreover, since a Hessian may fail to be positive definite, one is naturally led to the study of the differential geometry of curves in Lorentz-Minkowski spaces. In this work, we then present a systematic approach to moving frames on curves in $E_1^3$. The turning point is that one should exploit the casual character of the tangent vector and the induced casual character on the normal plane only. In this way, we are able to furnish a systematic approach to the construction of Bishop frames in $E_1^3$. This formalism allows us to give a complete characterization of spherical curves in $E_1^3$. Finally, we present a necessary and sufficient criterion for a curve to lie on a level surface of a smooth function. More precisely, we present a functional relationship involving the coefficients of a Bishop frame with respect to the Hessian metric along a curve on $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$, which reduces to a linear relation when $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is constant. In this last case, we are able to characterize spatial curves that belong to a given non-degenerate Euclidean quadric $\mathcal{Q}=\{x:\langle B(x-P),(x-P)\rangle=\rho\}$, $\rho\in\mathbb{R}$ constant, by using $(\cdot,\cdot)=\langle B\cdot,\cdot\rangle$. We also furnish an interpretation for the casual character that a curve may assume when we pass from $E^3$ to $E_1^3$, which also allows us to understand why certain types of curves do not exist on a given quadric or on a given Lorentzian sphere, if we reinterpret the problem from $E_1^3$ in $E^3$. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this characterization problem is considered in a general context.
This work is organized as follows. In Section 2 we review the construction of relatively parallel moving frames in Euclidean space according to Bishop. Section 3 is devoted to moving frames in Lorentz-Minkowski spaces: subsection 3.1 to Frenet frames in $E_1^3$; subsections 3.2 and 3.3 to Bishop frames along space- and timelike curves and their geometric interpretations, respectively; and, subsection 3.4, to null frames along lightlike curves. In Section 4 we characterize spherical curves in Lorentz-Minkowski spaces, i.e., curves on pseudo-spheres, pseudo-hyperbolic spaces, and light-cones. In Section 5 we characterize curves on a non-degenerate Euclidean quadric. In Section 6 we present a characterization of curves that lie on a regular level surface. And finally, in Section 7 we present our conclusions along with some open problems and directions of future research.
\section{Moving frames on curves in $E^3$}
\label{sec:MovingFrameCurves}
Let us denote by $E^3$ the $3d$ Euclidean space, i.e., $\mathbb{R}^3$ equipped with the standard metric $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$. Given a regular curve $\alpha:I\rightarrow E^3$ parametrized by arc-length, the usual way to introduce a moving frame along it is by means of the Frenet frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}\}$ \cite{Struik}. However, we can also consider any other adapted orthonormal moving frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0(s),\mathbf{e}_1(s),\mathbf{e}_2(s)\}$ along $\alpha(s)$, i.e., $\mathbf{e}_0\propto \mathbf{t}$ and $\langle\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j\rangle=\delta_{ij}$. The equation of motion of such a moving frame is given by a skew-symmetric $3\times3$ matrix. For the Frenet frame one of the entries of this matrix is zero and the other two are the curvature function $\kappa$ and the torsion $\tau$:
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \kappa & 0\\
-\kappa & 0 & \tau\\
0 & -\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right).\label{eq::FrenetEqs}
\end{equation}
By introducing the notion of a relatively parallel vector field, Bishop considered a moving frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2\}$, where $\mathbf{n}_i$ are normal vectors to the unit tangent $\mathbf{t}$, whose equation of motion is \cite{BishopMonthly}
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}_1\\
\mathbf{n}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \kappa_{1} & \kappa_{2}\\
-\kappa_{1} & 0 & 0\\
-\kappa_{2} & 0 & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}_1\\
\mathbf{n}_2\\
\end{array}
\right).\label{eq::BishopEqs}
\end{equation}
The coefficients $\kappa_1$ and $\kappa_2$ relate with the curvature function and torsion according to \cite{BishopMonthly}
\begin{equation}
\left\{
\begin{array}{c}
\kappa_1 = \kappa\cos\theta\\
\kappa_2 = \kappa\sin\theta\\
\theta'= \tau\\
\end{array}
\right..
\end{equation}
\begin{remark}
A vector field $\mathbf{e}(s)$ along $\alpha(s)$ is {\it relatively parallel} if the derivative of its normal component, $\mathbf{e}^{\perp}$, is a multiple of the unit tangent vector, i.e., ${\rm d}\mathbf{e}^{\perp}/{\rm d}s=\eta(s)\mathbf{t}(s)$, and the tangent component is a constant multiple of $\mathbf{t}$ \cite{BishopMonthly}.
\end{remark}
\begin{remark}
Such a frame may be also named {\it rotation minimizing frame}, since $\mathbf{n}_i$ does not rotate around $\mathbf{t}$. In addition, it can be proved that $\mathbf{n}_i$ is parallel transported along $\alpha(s)$ with respect to the normal connection of the curve \cite{Etayo2016}. Observe that for a closed curve, $\alpha(s_i)=\alpha(s_f)$, $\mathbf{n}_1(s_i)$ will differ from $\mathbf{n}_1(s_f)$, by an angular amount of $\Delta \theta = \int_{s_i}^{s_f} \tau(x){\rm d}x$.
\end{remark}
An advantage of such a relatively parallel moving frame, or {\it Bishop frame} for short\footnote{This frame has been independently discovered several times \cite{DaCostaPRA1981,TangIEEE1970}, e.g., in the physics literature it is sometimes named as the Tang frame. However, Bishop seems to be the first to exploit the geometric implications of such frames.}, is that it can be globally defined even if the curve is degenerate, i.e., if the curvature $\kappa$ vanishes at some points \cite{BishopMonthly}. Furthermore, it also allows for a simple characterization of spherical curves:
\begin{theorem}[Bishop \cite{BishopMonthly}]
A $C^2$ regular curve lies on a sphere if and only if its normal development, i.e., the curve $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$, lies on a line not passing through the origin. Moreover, the distance of this line from the origin, $d$, and the radius of the sphere, $r$, are reciprocals: $r=d^{-1}$.
\label{theo:BishopCharacSpherericalCurves}
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
Straight lines passing through the origin characterize planar curves which are not spherical \cite{BishopMonthly}.
\end{remark}
Finally, Bishop frames are not uniquely defined. Indeed, any rotation of $\mathbf{n}_1$ and $\mathbf{n}_2$ still gives two relatively parallel fields, i.e., there is an ambiguity associated with the group $SO(2)$ acting on the normal plane. However, the coefficients still determine a curve up to rigid motions \cite{BishopMonthly}. Moreover, $\kappa$-constant curves are represented in the normal development plane by circles centered at the origin with radius $\kappa$ \cite{BishopMonthly}, which can be seen as the orbits of the symmetry group $SO(2)$.
In the following we shall extend this formalism in order to present a way of building Bishop frames along curves in $E_1^3$ and then apply it to furnish a unified approach to the characterization of spherical curves in $E_1^3$ (i.e., curves on pseudo-spheres, pseudo-hyperbolic spaces, and light-cones), curves on quadrics in $E^3$, and finally characterize curves that lie on level surfaces of a smooth function by reinterpreting the problem in a new geometric setting.
\section{Moving frames on curves in $E_{1}^3$}
\label{sec:MovingFrameCurvesE3_1}
Let us denote by $E_{1}^3$ the vector space $\mathbb{R}^3$ equipped with a pseudo-metric $(\cdot,\cdot)$ of index $1$. In fact, the concepts below, and the construction of Bishop-like frames as well, are still valid in the context of a 3-dimensional semi-Riemannian manifold \cite{ONeill}, but to help intuition, the reader may keep in mind the particular setting of $\mathbb{R}^3$ equipped with the standard Minkowski metric, i.e. $(x,y)=x_1y_1+x_2y_2-x_3y_3$. Naturally, in a more general context, the derivative of a vector field along a curve should be understood as a covariant derivative.
Before discussing the moving frame method on curves in $E_1^3$, let us introduce some terminology and geometric properties associated with $E_1^3$ (for more details, we refer to \cite{LopesIEJG2014,ONeill}).
One property that makes the geometry in Lorentz-Minkowski spaces $E_1^3$ more difficult and richer than the geometry in $E^3$ is that curves and vector subspaces may assume different casual characters:
\begin{definition}
A vector $v\in E_1^3$ assumes one of the following {\it casual characters}:
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $v$ is {\it spacelike}, if $(v,v)>0$ or $v=0$;
\item $v$ is {\it timelike}, if $(v,v)<0$;
\item $v$ is {\it lightlike}, if $(v,v)=0$ and $v\not=0$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
The inner product $(\cdot,\cdot)$ induces a pseudo-norm defined by $\Vert x\Vert=\sqrt{\vert(x,x)\vert}$. Given a vector subspace $U\subseteq\mathbb{R}^3$, we define the orthogonal complement $U^{\perp}$ in the usual way: $U^{\perp}=\{v\in E_1^3:\forall\,u\in U,\,(v,u)=0\}$. Moreover, we can consider the restriction of $(\cdot,\cdot)$ to $U$, $(\cdot,\cdot)|_{U}$.
\begin{definition}
Let $U$ be a vector subspace, then
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item $U$ is {\it spacelike} if $(\cdot,\cdot)|_{U}$ is positive definite;
\item $U$ is {\it timelike} if $(\cdot,\cdot)|_{U}$ has index 1;
\item $U$ is {\it lightlike} if $(\cdot,\cdot)|_{U}$ is degenerate.
\end{enumerate}
\end{definition}
We have the following useful properties related to the casual characters of vector subspaces:
\begin{proposition}
Let $U\subseteq E_1^3$ be a vector subspace. Then,
\begin{enumerate}[(i)]
\item $\dim U^{\perp} = 3-\dim U$ and $(U^{\perp})^{\perp}=U$;
\item $U$ is lightlike if and only if $U^{\perp}$ is lightlike;
\item $U$ is spacelike (timelike) if and only if $U^{\perp}$ is timelike (spacelike).
\item $U$ is lightlike if and only if $U$ contains a lightlike vector but not a timelike one. Moreover, $U$ admits an orthogonal basis formed by a lightlike and a spacelike vectors.
\end{enumerate}
\end{proposition}
Given two vectors $u,v\in E_1^3$, the Lorentzian vector product, denoted by $u\times v$, is the only vector that satisfies
\begin{equation}
\forall\,w\in E_1^3,\,(u\times v,w)=\det(u,v,w),\label{eq::LorentzVectorProd}
\end{equation}
where the columns of $(u,v,w)$ are formed by the entries of $u,v$, and $w$.
From these definitions, we say that a curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ is spacelike, timelike, or lightlike, if its velocity vector $\alpha'$ is spacelike, timelike, or lightlike, respectively. Analogously, we say that a surface is spacelike, timelike, or lightlike, if its tangent planes are spacelike, timelike, or lightlike, respectively.
If a curve is lightlike we can not define an arc-length parameter (in $E^3$ this is always possible). In this case, one must introduce the notion of a {\it pseudo arc-length parameter}, i.e., a parameter $s$ such that $(\alpha''(s),\alpha''(s))=1$. More precisely, if $\alpha$ is a lightlike curve and $(\alpha'',\alpha'')\not=0$ (otherwise $\alpha''$ and $\alpha'$ will be linearly dependent and the curve is a straight line), we define the {\it pseudo arc-length parameter} as
\begin{equation}
s = \int_a^t\Vert\alpha''(u)\Vert\,{\rm d}u\,.\label{eq:PseudoArclength}
\end{equation}
On the other hand, if $\alpha$ is not a lightlike curve, then the {\it arc-length parameter} is defined as usual
\begin{equation}
s = \int_a^t\Vert\alpha'(u)\Vert\,{\rm d}u\,.\label{eq:arclength}
\end{equation}
In the following we will assume every curve to be parametrized by the arc-length or pseudo arc-length parameter.
\subsection{Frenet frame in $E_1^3$}
The study of the local properties of a curve $\alpha\subset E_1^3$ in a Frenet frame fashion becomes quite cumbersome due to the various possibility for the casual characters of the tangent and its derivative. In essence, there is a construction for each combination of the casual characters of $\mathbf{t}$ and $\mathbf{t}'$.
Let $\mathbf{t}(s)=\alpha'(s)$ be the (unit) tangent and $s$ the arc- or pseudo arc-length parameter. If $\mathbf{t}'$ is not a lightlike vector, let $\mathbf{n}=\mathbf{t}'/\Vert\mathbf{t}'\Vert$ be the normal vector. We shall denote by $\epsilon=(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})$ and $\eta=(\mathbf{n},\mathbf{n})$ the parameters that enclose the casual character of the tangent and normal vectors. If $\mathbf{t}$ and $\mathbf{n}$ are not lightlike, then
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \eta\,\kappa & 0\\
-\epsilon\,\kappa & 0 & -\epsilon\eta\,\tau\\
0 & -\eta\,\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \kappa & 0\\
-\kappa & 0 & \tau\\
0 & -\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right),\label{eq::FrenetEqsInE13}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{b}=\mathbf{t}\times\mathbf{n}$, and $\kappa = (\mathbf{t}',\mathbf{n})$ and $\tau=(\mathbf{n}',\mathbf{b})$ are the curvature function and torsion of $\alpha$, respectively\footnote{Our definition for $\kappa$ is slightly different from that of L\'opez \cite{LopesIEJG2014}. Indeed, despite the fact that the definition is formally identical to the Euclidean version, our $\kappa$ is a signaled curvature and its sign encloses the casual character of the curve in a natural manner.}. Here $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}=\mbox{diag}(\epsilon,\eta,-\epsilon\eta)=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_1=\mathbf{n},\mathbf{e}_2=\mathbf{b}\}$.
If $\mathbf{t}$ is spacelike and $\mathbf{t}'$ is lightlike, we define $\mathbf{n}=\mathbf{t}'$, while $\mathbf{b}$ is the unique lightlike vector orthonormal to $\mathbf{t}$ that satisfies $(\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b})=-1$. The Frenet equations are
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \,1 & 0\\
0 & \,\tau & 0\\
1 & \,0 & -\tau\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & 1 & 0\\
-1 & 0 & \tau\\
0 & -\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right),\label{eq::FrenetEqsInE13tprimelightlike}
\end{equation}
where $\tau=-(\mathbf{n}',\mathbf{b})$ is the pseudo-torsion. Here $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the null frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_1=\mathbf{n},\mathbf{e}_2=\mathbf{b}\}$.
Finally, if $\mathbf{t}$ is lightlike, we define $\mathbf{n}=\mathbf{t}'$ (we assume this normal vector to be spacelike, otherwise $\alpha$ is a straight line), while $\mathbf{b}$ is the unique lightlike vector that satisfies $(\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b})=0$ and $(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{b})=-1$. The Frenet equations are then
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & 1 & 0\\
-\tau & 0 & 1\\
0 & -\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & 1 & 0\\
-1 & 0 & \tau\\
0 & -\tau & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}\\
\mathbf{b}\\
\end{array}
\right),\label{eq::FrenetEqsInE13tangentlightlike}
\end{equation}
where $\tau=(\mathbf{n}',\mathbf{b})$ is the pseudo-torsion. Here $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the null frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_1=\mathbf{n},\mathbf{e}_2=\mathbf{b}\}$.
\begin{remark}
In $E^3$ the coefficient matrix of a Frenet frame is always skew-symmetric. On the other hand, this does not happen in $E_1^3$ \cite{LowJGSP2012}. However, the above expressions show that the coefficient matrix can be obtained from a skew-symmetric matrix through a right-multiplication, or a left one if $\mathbf{t}'$ is lightlike, by the matrix $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ associated with the respective Frenet frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_1=\mathbf{n},\mathbf{e}_2=\mathbf{b}\}$ in $E_1^3$. This skew-symmetric matrix is precisely the coefficient matrix that we would obtain for a Frenet frame in $E^3$. Let us mention that when $\mathbf{t}'$ is lightlike it does not mean that the curvature function is $\kappa=1$; a curvature is not well defined for such curves \cite{LopesIEJG2014}.
\end{remark}
\begin{remark}
In the following, when discussing Bishop frames in $E_1^3$ along non-lightlike curves and null frames along lightlike curves, we will see that the coefficient matrix can be obtained from a skew-symmetric matrix (precisely the matrix that we would obtain for a Bishop frame in $E^3$) through a right-multiplication by the matrix associated with a convenient basis.
\end{remark}
\subsection{Relatively parallel moving frames along spacelike or lightlike curves}
A quite complete and systematic approach to the problem of the existence of Bishop-like frames along curves in $E_1^3$ was presented by \"Ozdemir and Ergin \cite{OzdemirMJMS2008}, where they build Bishop-like frames on timelike and spacelike curves with a non-lightlike normal. However, as in the Frenet frame case, they also paid much attention to the casual character of $\mathbf{t}'$. Here, we show that one must exploit the structure of the normal plane inherited from the casual character of $\mathbf{t}$ in order to build a unified treatment of the problem. More precisely, instead of considering the problem for each combination of the casual character of $\mathbf{t}$ and $\mathbf{t}'$, one must pay attention to the symmetry associated with the problem, which is reflected in an ambiguity in the definition of a Bishop frame. The study of moving frames along curves in $E_1^3$ is then divided in three cases only: (i) timelike curves; (ii) spacelike curves; and (iii) lightlike curves. As a direct consequence, the characterization of spherical curves can be split along three Theorems only.
\begin{definition}
A vector field $\mathbf{e}(s)$ along a curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ is {\it relatively parallel} if the derivative of its normal component is a multiple of the unit tangent vector $\mathbf{t}=\alpha'$ and its tangent component is a constant multiple of $\mathbf{t}$.
\end{definition}
Let $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ be a timelike curve. Since $\mathbf{t}$ is a timelike vector, the normal plane $N_{\alpha(s)}=\mbox{span}\{\mathbf{t}(s)\}^{\perp}$ is spacelike. To prove the existence of relatively parallel moving frames, let $\mathbf{x}_1$ and $\mathbf{x}_2=\mathbf{t}\times\mathbf{x}_1$ be an orthonormal basis of $N_{\alpha}$. The frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{x}_1,\mathbf{x}_2\}$ satisfies the following equations
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{x}_1\\
\mathbf{x}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & p_{01} & p_{02}\\
p_{01} & 0 & p_{12}\\
p_{02} & -p_{12} & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{x}_1\\
\mathbf{x}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & p_{01} & p_{02}\\
-p_{01} & 0 & p_{12}\\
-p_{02} & -p_{12} & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{x}_1,\mathbf{x}_2}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{x}_1\\
\mathbf{x}_2\\
\end{array}
\right),
\end{equation}
for some functions $p_{ij}$, where $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{x}_1,\mathbf{x}_2}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the time-oriented frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_k=\mathbf{x}_k\}$. Let $\theta$ be a smooth function such that $\mathbf{x}=L\cos\theta\,\mathbf{x}_1+L\sin\theta\,\mathbf{x}_2$, where $L$ is a constant. Then,
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{x}'=L(p_{01}\cos\theta+p_{02}\sin\theta)\mathbf{t}+L(\theta'+p_{12})(-\sin\theta\mathbf{x}_1+\cos\theta\mathbf{x}_2).
\end{equation}
Thus, it follows that $\mathbf{x}$ is relatively parallel if and only if $\theta'+p_{12}=0$. By the existence of a solution $\theta(s)$ for any initial condition, this shows that relatively parallel vector fields do exist along timelike curves. Observe that Bishop frames are not unique. Indeed, any rotation of the normal vectors still gives two relatively parallel vector fields, i.e., there is an ambiguity associated with the group $SO(2)$.
On the other hand, if $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ is a spacelike curve, $\mathbf{t}$ is a spacelike vector and then the normal plane $N_{\alpha(s)}=\mbox{span}\{\mathbf{t}(s)\}^{\perp}$ is timelike. In a Frenet frame fashion, the study is divided into three cases, depending on the casual character of $\mathbf{t}'\in N_{\alpha}$, i.e., if $\mathbf{t}'$ is a space-, time-, or lightlike vector. But, if we only take into account the structure of $N_{\alpha}$, this is no longer necessary.
To prove the existence of relatively parallel moving frames along spacelike curves, let $\mathbf{y}_1\in N_{\alpha}$ be a timelike vector and let $\mathbf{y}_2=\mathbf{t}\times\mathbf{y}_1$ be spacelike. Then, the frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{y}_1,\mathbf{y}_2\}$ is an orthonormal time-oriented basis of $E_1^3$ along $\alpha$. The frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{y}_1,\mathbf{y}_2\}$ satisfies the following equation of motion
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{y}_1\\
\mathbf{y}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & -p_{01} & p_{02}\\
-p_{01} & 0 & p_{12}\\
-p_{02} & p_{12} & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{y}_1\\
\mathbf{y}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & p_{01} & p_{02}\\
-p_{01} & 0 & p_{12}\\
-p_{02} & -p_{12} & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{y}_1,\mathbf{y}_2}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{y}_1\\
\mathbf{y}_2\\
\end{array}
\right),
\end{equation}
for some functions $p_{ij}$, where $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{y}_1,\mathbf{y}_2}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the time-oriented frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_k=\mathbf{y}_k\}$. Let $\theta$ be a smooth function such that $\mathbf{y}=L\cosh\theta\,\mathbf{y}_1+L\sinh\theta\,\mathbf{y}_2$, where it is used hyperbolic trigonometric functions because the normal plane is timelike. Then, we have
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{y}'=L(-p_{01}\cosh\theta-p_{02}\sinh\theta)\mathbf{t}+L(\theta'+p_{12})(\sinh\theta\mathbf{y}_1+\cosh\theta\mathbf{y}_2).
\end{equation}
Thus, it follows that $\mathbf{y}$ is relatively parallel if and only if $\theta'+p_{12}=0$. By the existence of a solution $\theta(s)$ for any initial condition, this shows that relatively parallel vector fields do exist along spacelike curves. As in the previous case, observe that Bishop frames are not unique. Indeed, any (hyperbolic) rotation of the normal vectors still gives two relatively parallel vector fields, i.e., there is an ambiguity associated with the group $SO_1(2)$, which is a
component of the symmetry group of a Lorentzian plane $E^2_1$ \cite{LopesIEJG2014,ONeill}.
When $\mathbf{n}$ has a distinct casual character from that of $\mathbf{n}_1$, then we can not obtain $\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}$ from a $SO_1(2)$-rotation of $\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2$, i.e., there exists no $ M\in SO_1(2)$ such that $M(\mathbf{n})=\mathbf{n}_1$ and $M(\mathbf{b})=\mathbf{n}_2$. In this case, we must first exchange $\mathbf{n}_1$ and $\mathbf{n}_2$ and then rotate them \cite{OzdemirMJMS2008}. However, we can still read the information about the casual character of $\mathbf{n}$, including the lightlike case, from the ``circles'' of the normal plane, i.e., the orbits of $O_1(2)$, see figure 1 and Proposition \ref{prop::geomNormalDevelopm} below.
Now we put together the above mentioned existence results of relatively parallel vectors on non-lightlike curves. Let $\{\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2\}$ be a basis for $N_{\alpha}$ formed by relatively parallel vectors such that
\begin{equation}
\mathbf{n}'_i(s) = -\epsilon \kappa_i\,\mathbf{t}(s),
\end{equation}
where $\epsilon = (\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})=\pm1$ and we have defined the Bishop curvatures
\begin{equation}
\kappa_i = (\mathbf{t}',\mathbf{n}_i),\,i=1,2\,.
\end{equation}
Then, defining $\epsilon_1=(\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_1)=\pm1$, we can write the following equation of motion
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}_1\\
\mathbf{n}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \epsilon_1\kappa_{1} & \kappa_{2}\\
-\epsilon\kappa_{1} & 0 & 0\\
-\epsilon\kappa_{2} & 0 & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}_1\\
\mathbf{n}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \kappa_{1} & \kappa_{2}\\
-\kappa_{1} & 0 & 0\\
-\kappa_{2} & 0 & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{n}_1\\
\mathbf{n}_2\\
\end{array}
\right),\label{eq::GenBishopEqsNonlightCurves}
\end{equation}
where $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the time-oriented frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_k=\mathbf{n}_k\}$. The numbers $\epsilon$ and $\epsilon_1$ determine the casual character of $\mathbf{t}$ and $\mathbf{n}_1$, respectively, and since $\mathbf{n}_2=\mathbf{t}\times\mathbf{n}_1$, we have $\epsilon_2=(\mathbf{n}_2,\mathbf{n}_2)=-\epsilon\epsilon_1=+1$. So, in this case $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2}=\mbox{diag}(\epsilon,\epsilon_1,-\epsilon\epsilon_1)$.
\subsection{Geometry of the normal development of spacelike and timelike curves}
\begin{figure*}[tbp]
\centering
{\includegraphics[width=0.33\linewidth]{Figure1a.eps}}
{\includegraphics[width=0.32\linewidth]{Figure1b.eps}}
{\includegraphics[width=0.32\linewidth]{Figure1c.eps}}
\caption{The geometry of the normal development $(\kappa_1,\kappa_2)$: (a) On a space- or timelike normal plane, lines through the origin (dashed red line) represent planar curves (Proposition \ref{prop::CharacPlaneCurves}), and lines not passing through the origin (solid blue line) represent spherical curves (Section 4); (b) On a spacelike normal plane, circles represent $\kappa$-constant curves; and (c) On a timelike normal plane, hyperbolas represent $\kappa$-constant curves with spacelike normal vector (solid blue line) or timelike normal vector (dashed red line), and the degenerate hyperbola $\kappa_1=\pm \kappa_2$ represents curves with a lightlike normal vector (dotted black line).}
\end{figure*}
The normal development of $\alpha(s)$ is the planar curve $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$. After proving the existence for Bishop moving frames on non-lightlike curves the natural question is how to relate the Bishop curvatures $\kappa_1,\kappa_2$ to the geometry of the curve which defines them.
From the Frenet equations we have
\begin{equation}
\eta\mathbf{n}=\frac{\mathbf{t}'}{\kappa}=\frac{\epsilon_1\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2}{\kappa}\Rightarrow \eta = \epsilon_1\frac{\kappa_1^2}{\kappa^2}+\frac{\kappa_2^2}{\kappa^2}\,,
\end{equation}
where $\eta=(\mathbf{n},\mathbf{n})\in\{-1,0,+1\}$. Then we have the following relations (see figure 1):
\begin{proposition}
For a fixed value of the parameter $s$, the point $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on a conic. More precisely,
\begin{enumerate}[(a)]
\item If $\mathbf{t}(s)$ is timelike (so $\mathbf{n}(s)$ must be spacelike), then $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on a circle of radius $\kappa(s)$: $\kappa^2=X^2+Y^2$;
\item If $\mathbf{t}(s)$ is spacelike and $\mathbf{n}(s)$ is timelike (spacelike), then $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on a hyperbola with foci on the $x$ axis ($y$ axis): $\kappa^2=\pm X^2\mp Y^2$;
\item If $\mathbf{t}(s)$ is spacelike and $\mathbf{n}(s)$ is lightlike, then $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on the line $X=\pm Y$, which form the asymptotes lines of the hyperbolas in item (b).
\end{enumerate}
\label{prop::geomNormalDevelopm}
\end{proposition}
\begin{remark}
Observe that $\kappa$-constant curves are precisely the orbits of $O_1(2)$, the symmetry group of a Lorentzian plane.
\end{remark}
\begin{proposition}
Let $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ be a $C^2$ regular curve which is not spherical. Then, the curve is planar if and only if its normal development $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on a straight line passing through the origin.
\label{prop::CharacPlaneCurves}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Suppose $a\,\kappa_1+b\,\kappa_2=0$ for some constants $a$ and $b$. Defining $\mathbf{x}(s)=a\mathbf{n}_1(s)+b\mathbf{n}_2(s)\in N_{\alpha(s)}=\mbox{span}\{\mathbf{t}(s)\}^{\perp}$. It follows that $\mathbf{x}$ is constant and also that
\begin{equation}
(\alpha,\mathbf{x})' = (\alpha,-(a\epsilon\kappa_1+b\epsilon\kappa_2)\mathbf{t})=-\epsilon(\alpha,\mathbf{t})(a\kappa_1+b\kappa_2)=0\,.
\end{equation}
Thus, $(\alpha(s),\mathbf{x})$ is constant and then $(\alpha(s)-\alpha(s_0),\mathbf{x})=0$. So, $\alpha$ is a planar curve.
Conversely, let $\alpha$ be contained on a plane $(\alpha(s)-\alpha(s_0),\mathbf{x})=0$. Since the tangent $\mathbf{t}$ also belongs to this plane, we can write $\mathbf{x}=a\mathbf{n}_1+b\mathbf{n}_2$ for some constants $a,b$. Then,
\begin{equation}
0=(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{x})' = (\alpha-\alpha_0,-(a\epsilon\kappa_1+b\epsilon\kappa_2)\mathbf{t})=-\epsilon(a\kappa_1+b\kappa_2)\,(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{t})\,.
\end{equation}
Thus, $a\kappa_1+b\kappa_2=0$ or $(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{t})=0$. In this last case, the curve would be spherical. Indeed, if it were $(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{t})=0$, then $\alpha-\alpha_0=b_1\mathbf{n}_1+b_2\mathbf{n}_2$, for some constants $b_1$ and $b_2$, because $b_i=\epsilon_i(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{n}_i)$ and $b_i'=\epsilon_i(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i)-\epsilon\epsilon_i\kappa_i(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{t})=0$.
Taking the derivative of $(\alpha-\alpha_0,\mathbf{t})=0$, gives $0=(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+(\alpha-\alpha_0,\epsilon_1\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2)=\epsilon+b_1\kappa_1+b_2\kappa_2$. But $0=1+\epsilon b_1\kappa_1+\epsilon b_2\kappa_2$ is the equation of a spherical curve (see theorems on Section 4 below).
\qed
\end{proof}
\begin{remark}
If the pseudo-torsion of a spacelike curve with a lightlike normal vanishes, then the curve is planar (the converse is not true. Indeed, L\'opez \cite{LopesIEJG2014} gives an example of a curve which is planar and has a non-zero pseudo-torsion). However, it follows from the above propositions that all spacelike curves with a lightlike normal are planar, no matter the value of the pseudo-torsion.
\end{remark}
\subsection{Moving frames along lightlike curves}
It is not possible to define a Bishop frame along lightlike curves, we can not even define an orthonormal frame. In this case we must work with the concept of a null frame (see Inoguchi and Lee \cite{InoguchiIEJG2008} for a survey on the geometry of lightlike curves and null frames along them). As in the previous case, we will introduce along $\alpha$ a (null) frame by exploiting the structure of the normal plane only.
Let $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ be a lightlike curve. In this case, since $\alpha'$ is a lightlike vector, the normal plane $N_{\alpha(s)}=\mbox{span}\{\alpha'(s)\}^{\perp}$ is lightlike and $\alpha'\in N_{\alpha}$. So, we have $N_{\alpha(s)}=\mbox{span}\{\alpha'(s),\mathbf{z}_1(s)\}$, where $\mathbf{z}_1$ is a unit spacelike vector. Denote by $\mathbf{t}=\alpha'$ the tangent vector. If $\mathbf{t}'$ is spacelike, then we can assume $\alpha$ parametrized by pseudo arc-length. Let $\mathbf{z}_2$ be the lightlike vector orthogonal to $\mathbf{z}_1$ and satisfying $(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{z}_2)=-1$. In this case, the equations of motion are
\begin{equation}
\frac{{\rm d}}{{\rm d}s}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{z}_1\\
\mathbf{z}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
\kappa_3 & \kappa_1 & 0\\
-\kappa_2 & 0 & \kappa_1\\
0 & -\kappa_{2} & -\kappa_3\\
\end{array}
\right)\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{z}_1\\
\mathbf{z}_2\\
\end{array}
\right)=\left(
\begin{array}{ccc}
0 & \kappa_1 & -\kappa_3\\
-\kappa_1 & 0 & \kappa_2\\
\kappa_3 & -\kappa_{2} & 0\\
\end{array}
\right)E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{z}_1,\mathbf{z}_2}\left(
\begin{array}{c}
\mathbf{t}\\
\mathbf{z}_1\\
\mathbf{z}_2\\
\end{array}
\right),\label{eq::FrameEqsLightCurves}
\end{equation}
where $\kappa_1=(\mathbf{t}',\mathbf{z}_1)$, $\kappa_2=(\mathbf{z}_1',\mathbf{z}_2)$, and $\kappa_3=(\mathbf{z}_2',\mathbf{t})$. Here $E_{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n},\mathbf{b}}=[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$ denotes the matrix associated with the null frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0=\mathbf{t},\mathbf{e}_1=\mathbf{n},\mathbf{e}_2=\mathbf{b}\}$. The coefficient $\kappa_1$ plays a significant role on the theory of moving frames along lightlike curves.
\begin{remark}
If $\mathbf{t}'$ is spacelike and if we take $\mathbf{z}_1=\mathbf{t}'=\mathbf{n}$, then $\mathbf{z}_2=\mathbf{b}$ and $\kappa_1=1$, $\kappa_2=\tau$ and $\kappa_3=0$. However, the Frenet frame is not defined when $\mathbf{t}'$ is lightlike. Here, the presence of $\kappa_3$ allows for a description of lightlike curves regardless of the casual character of $\mathbf{t}'$.
\end{remark}
\begin{proposition}
A lightlike curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ is a straight line if and only if $\kappa_1=0$. Moreover, if $\alpha$ is not a straight line and is parametrized by the pseudo arc-length, then $\kappa_1^2=1$.
\label{prop::CharacLightlikeLine}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
If $\kappa_1=0$, then $\mathbf{t}'=\kappa_3\mathbf{t}$. Integration of this equation gives $\alpha=\alpha_0+(\int {\rm e}^{\int\kappa_3})\mathbf{t}_0$, where $\alpha_0$ and $\mathbf{t}_0$ are constants. Then, $\alpha$ is a straight line. Conversely, let $\alpha=\alpha_0+f\,\mathbf{t}_0$, with $f$ a smooth function. Taking derivatives, it is easy to verify that $\kappa_1=0$.
Now, suppose $\kappa_1\not=0$, so if $\alpha$ is parametrized by pseudo arc-length we have
\begin{equation}
1=(\mathbf{t}',\mathbf{t}')=\kappa_1^2,
\end{equation}
as expected.
\qed
\end{proof}
\section{Characterization of spherical curves in $E_1^3$}
In $E^3$ the function $F(x)=\langle x-P,x-P\rangle$ is non-negative. A sphere of radius $r$ and center $P$ in $E^3$, $\mathbb{S}^2(P;r)$, is then defined as the level sets of $F$, i.e. $\langle x-P,x-P\rangle=r^2$ (if $r=0$ the sphere degenerates to a single point). On the other hand, in $E_1^3$ the function $F_1(x)=(x-P,x-P)$ may assume any value on the real numbers. So, in $E_1^3$ we still define spheres as the level sets of $F_1$, but one must consider three types of spheres, depending on the sign of $F_1$. We shall adopt the following standard notations:
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r) =\{x\in E_1^3\,:\, (x-P,x-P)=r^2\},\\
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{C}^2(P) = \{x\in E_1^3\,:\,(x-P,x-P)=0\},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r) =\{x\in E_1^3\,:\, (x-P,x-P)=-r^2\},
\end{equation}
where $r\in (0,\infty)$. These spheres are known as pseudo-sphere, light-cone, and pseudo-hyperbolic space, respectively. As surfaces in $E_1^3$ pseudo-spheres and pseudo-hyperbolic spaces have constant Gaussian curvature $1/r^2$ and $-1/r^2$ \cite{LopesIEJG2014}, respectively\footnote{If we see them as surfaces in $E^3$, their Gaussian curvatures are not constant and, additionally, for $\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)$ it is negative, while for $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ it is positive.}.
It is well known that the Minkowski metric restricted to $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ is a positive definite metric. Then, it follows that $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ is a spacelike surface and, consequently, there is no lightlike or timelike curves in $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$. On the other hand, light-cones are lightlike surfaces \cite{LopesIEJG2014} and, consequently, there is no lightlike curves on them. The pseudo-sphere is the only one that has the three types of curves \cite{InoguchiIEJG2008,LopesIEJG2014}:
\begin{lemma}
There exist no time- and lightlike curves in $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ and no timelike curves in $\mathcal{C}^2(P)$.
\end{lemma}
Now we generalize Bishop's characterization of spherical curves in $E^3$ \cite{BishopMonthly} to the context of spheres in $E_1^3$.
\begin{theorem}
A $C^2$ regular spacelike or timelike curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ lies on a sphere of nonzero radius, i.e., $\alpha\subseteq \mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ or $\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)$, if and only if its normal development, i.e., the curve $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$, lies on a line not passing through the origin. Moreover, the distance of this line from the origin, $d$, and the radius of the sphere are reciprocals: $d=1/r$.
\label{theo::characSpaceAndLightCurves}
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
When a curve is spacelike the normal plane is timelike and then the distance in the normal development plane should be understood as the distance induced by the restriction of $(\cdot,\cdot)$ on the normal plane. So, circles in this plane metric are hyperbolas.
\end{remark}
\begin{proof}
{\it of Theorem} \ref{theo::characSpaceAndLightCurves}. Denote by $\mathcal{Q}$ a sphere $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ or $\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)$. If $\alpha$ lies in $\mathcal{Q}$, then taking the derivative of $(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)=\pm r^2$ gives
\begin{equation}
(\alpha-P,\mathbf{t})=0.\label{eq::aux1}
\end{equation}
This implies that $\alpha-P=a_1\mathbf{n}_1+a_2\mathbf{n}_2$. Now, let us investigate the coefficients $a_i$. Since $a_i=\epsilon_i(\alpha-P,\mathbf{n}_i)$, where $\epsilon_i=(\mathbf{n}_i,\mathbf{n}_i)$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
a_i' & = & \epsilon_i(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i)+\epsilon_i(\alpha-P,\mathbf{n}_i')=0\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, the coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$ are constants. Finally, taking the derivative of Eq. (\ref{eq::aux1}), we find
\begin{equation}
0=(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+(\alpha-P,\epsilon_1\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2)=\epsilon+a_1\kappa_1+a_2\kappa_2.
\end{equation}
Thus, the normal development $(\kappa_1,\kappa_2)$ lies on a straight line $1+\epsilon a_1X+\epsilon a_2Y=0$ not passing through the origin. If $Q=\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)$, then $r^2=(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)=\epsilon_1 a_1^2+a_2^2=1/d^2$, where $d$ is the distance of the line from the origin. On the other hand, if $Q=\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$, then the curve is necessarily spacelike and $\epsilon_1=-1$, since $\mathbf{n}_1$ is timelike (as mentioned before, $\mathbb{H}_0^2(P;r)$ is a spacelike surface). So, we have $r^2=-(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)= a_1^2-a_2^2=\pm1/d^2$ (the orientation of the hyperbolas will depend on the casual character of the normal vector $\mathbf{n}$ according to Proposition \ref{prop::geomNormalDevelopm}: see figure 1).
Conversely, assume that $0=1+\epsilon a_1\kappa_1+\epsilon a_2\kappa_2$ for some constants $a_1$ and $a_2$. Define the point $P=\alpha-a_1\mathbf{n}_1-a_2\mathbf{n}_2$. Then $P'=\mathbf{t}+(a_1\epsilon\kappa_1+a_2\epsilon\kappa_2)\mathbf{t}=0$ and therefore $P$ is a fixed point. It follows that $\alpha$ lies on a sphere of nonzero radius and center $P$: $(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)=\epsilon_1a_1^2+a_2^2$.
\qed
\end{proof}
For spacelike curves on light-cones (as mentioned before there is no timelike curve on light-cones: Lemma 1) we have an analogous characterization:
\begin{theorem}
A $C^2$ regular spacelike curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ lies on a light-cone $\mathcal{C}^2(P)$, i.e., lies on a sphere of zero radius, if and only if its normal development, i.e., the curve $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$, lies on a line $\{a_1X+a_2Y+1=0\}$ not passing through the origin. Moreover, we have the relation $a_2=\pm a_1$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\alpha$ be a curve in $\mathcal{C}^2(P)$ with $(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})=1$ and $(\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_1)=-1$, i.e., $\epsilon=1$ and $\epsilon_1=-1$. Now taking the derivative of $(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)=0$ gives
\begin{equation}
(\alpha-P,\mathbf{t})=0.\label{eq::aux2}
\end{equation}
This implies that $\alpha-P=a_1\mathbf{n}_1+a_2\mathbf{n}_2$. Since $a_i=\epsilon_i(\alpha-P,\mathbf{n}_i)$, where $\epsilon_i=(\mathbf{n}_i,\mathbf{n}_i)$, we have
\begin{eqnarray}
a_i' & = & \epsilon_i(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i)+(\alpha-P,\mathbf{n}_i')=0\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, the coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$ are constants. Finally, taking the derivative of Eq. (\ref{eq::aux2}), we find
\begin{equation}
0=(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+(\alpha-P,-\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2)=1+a_1\kappa_1+a_2\kappa_2.
\end{equation}
Thus, the normal development $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ lies on a straight line $1+a_1X+a_2Y=0$ not passing through the origin. Moreover, $0=(\alpha-P,\alpha-P)=- a_1^2+a_2^2$, which implies $a_2=\pm a_1$.
Conversely, assume that $0=1+ a_1\kappa_1\pm a_1\kappa_2$ for some constant $a_1$. Define the point $P=\alpha-a_1\mathbf{n}_1\mp a_1\mathbf{n}_2$, which satisfies $P'=\mathbf{t}+(a_1\kappa_1\pm a_1\kappa_2)\mathbf{t}=0$. In other words, $P$ is a fixed point and it follows that $\alpha$ lies on a light-cone $\mathcal{C}^2(P)$ of center $P$.
\qed
\end{proof}
For lightlike curves we are not able to use a Bishop frame. However, by using null frames, we can still state a criterion for a lightlike curve be contained on pseudo-spheres or light-cones (trying to follow steps as in the previous cases does not work, due to the lack of good orthogonality properties). In fact, the following results are generalizations of those of Inoguchi and Lee \cite{InoguchiIEJG2008} for pseudo-spherical lightlike curves.
\begin{theorem}
If a $C^2$ regular lightlike curve $\alpha:I\to E_1^3$ lies on a pseudo-sphere or a light-cone, then $\kappa_1=0$ or, equivalently, $\alpha$ is a straight line.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\mathcal{Q}$ be a sphere of non-negative radius denoted by $\mathcal{Q}=\{x\,:\,(x-P,x-P)=\rho\}$ where $\rho=r^2$ ($r>0$) or $0$, i.e., $\mathcal{Q}$ is a pseudo-sphere $\mathbb{S}_1^2(P;r)$ or a light-cone $\mathcal{C}^2(P)$. If $\alpha\subseteq\mathcal{Q}$, taking the derivative of $(x-P,x-P)=\rho$ gives
\begin{equation}
(\mathbf{t},x-P)=0.\label{eq::auxtx-pzero}
\end{equation}
Deriving the above equation gives
\begin{equation}
\kappa_1(\mathbf{z}_1,x-P)=0.
\end{equation}
If $\kappa_1$ were not zero, then we would find $(\mathbf{z}_1,x-P)=0$, which by taking a derivative again gives $(\mathbf{z}_2,x-P)=0$. From these two last equations, and from Eq. (\ref{eq::auxtx-pzero}), we would conclude that $x-P=0$, which is not possible. In short, the curve must satisfy $\kappa_1=0$. Finally, by Proposition \ref{prop::CharacLightlikeLine} it follows that $\alpha$ must be a straight line.
\qed
\end{proof}
\begin{remark}
Surfaces in a semi-Riemannian manifold $M_1^3$ have an interesting property: a lightlike curve is always a pregeodesic, i.e., there exists a parametrization that makes the curve a parametrized geodesic \cite{ONeill}. In $\mathbb{R}^3$ equipped with the standard Minkowski metric, a lightlike curve is a geodesic if and only if it is straight line \cite{InoguchiIEJG2008}.
\end{remark}
The converse of the above theorem is not true. In fact, taking $(\cdot,\cdot)$ as the standard Minkowski metric, the straight line $\alpha(\tau)=(0,0,\tau)$ does not lie on any pseudo-sphere or light-cone. However, we have the following partial converse:
\begin{proposition}
Let $\alpha_0\in \mathcal{Q}(P;\rho)=\{x:(x-P,x-P)=\rho\}$ be a point on a pseudo-sphere or light-cone, i.e., $\rho=r^2$ ($r>0$) or $=0$. If $\mathbf{u}\in T_{\alpha_0}\mathcal{Q}(P;\rho)$ is a lightlike vector, then for any smooth function $f(\tau)$ the curve $\alpha(\tau)=\alpha_0+f(\tau)\,\mathbf{u}$ is a lightlike straight line that lies on $\mathcal{Q}(P;\rho)$.
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Using that $\mathbf{u}\in T_{\alpha_0}\mathcal{Q}(P;\rho)$ implies $(\alpha_0-P,\mathbf{u})=0$, we find
\begin{eqnarray}
(\alpha-P,\alpha-P) & = & (\,(\alpha_0-P)+f\,\mathbf{u},(\alpha_0-P)+f\,\mathbf{u})\nonumber\\
& = & (\alpha_0-P,\alpha_0-P)=\rho\,.
\end{eqnarray}
So, the desired result follows.
\qed
\end{proof}
\section{Characterization of curves on Euclidean quadrics}
Quadrics are the simplest examples of level surfaces and understanding how the characterization works in this particular instance will prove very useful. Indeed, it will become clear in the following that the proper geometric setting to attack the characterization problem on a surface $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$ is that of a metric induced by the Hessian of $F$.
Points on a quadratic surface $\mathcal{Q}\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ can be characterized by a symmetric matrix $B\in\mbox{M}_{3\times3}(\mathbb{R})$ as
\begin{equation}
x\in\mathcal{Q}\Leftrightarrow\langle \,B(x-P),x-P\,\rangle=r^2,\label{eq:QuadraticSurface}
\end{equation}
where $P$ is a fixed point (the center of $\mathcal{Q}$), $r>0$ is a constant (the radius of $\mathcal{Q}$), and $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ is the canonical inner product on $\mathbb{R}^3$. Naturally, if the symmetric matrix $B$ has a non-zero determinant, then this non-degenerate quadric induces a metric or a pseudo-metric on $\mathbb{R}^3$ by defining
\begin{equation}
(\cdot,\cdot)=\langle B\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle\,.
\end{equation}
If the matrix $B$ has index 0, then $\mathcal{Q}$ is an ellipsoid and it can be seen as a sphere on the 3-dimensional Riemannian manifold $M^3=(\mathbb{R}^3,\langle B\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle)$. The characterization of those spatial curves that belong to an ellipsoid can be made through a direct adaption of Bishop's characterization of spherical curves in $E^3$ \cite{Etayo2016}. Indeed, one just uses the metric $\langle B\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ instead of $\langle\cdot,\cdot\rangle$ and then follows the steps on the construction of a Bishop frame in $E^3$. On the other hand, if the matrix $B$ has index 1, then $\mathcal{Q}$ is a one-sheeted hyperboloid and can be seen as a pseudo-sphere on a Lorentz-Minkowski space $E^3_1=(\mathbb{R}^3,\langle B\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle)$. If $B$ has index 2, $\mathcal{Q}$ is then a two-sheeted hyperboloid and can be seen as a pseudo-hyperbolic plane on a Lorentz-Minkowski space $E^3_1=(\mathbb{R}^3,\langle -B\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle)$. This way, the results on the previous section can be applied in order to characterize those spatial curves that belong to a (one or two-sheeted) hyperboloid.
Since the characterization of curves on a quadric is made be reinterpreting the problem on a new geometric setting, a natural question then arises: {\it How do we interpret the casual character that a spatial curve assumes when we pass from $E^3$ to $E_1^3$?}
This question can be answered if we take into account the following expression for the normal curvature on a level surface $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$ \cite{DombrowskiMN1968}
\begin{equation}
\kappa_n(p,\mathbf{v}) = \frac{\langle \mbox{Hess}_pF\,\mathbf{v},\mathbf{v}\rangle}{\Vert\nabla_p F\Vert},\label{eqNormalCurvLevelSets}
\end{equation}
where $\mathbf{v}\in T_p\Sigma$, and $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ and $\nabla F$ are the Hessian and the gradient vector of $F$, respectively (for more details involving the expressions for the curvatures of level set surfaces see \cite{GoldmanCAGD2005}). Then, we have the following interpretation:
\begin{proposition}
If $\alpha:I\to\mathbb{R}^3$ is a curve on a non-degenerate quadric $\mathcal{Q}$, then asymptotic directions (in $\mathcal{Q}\subseteq E^3$) correspond to lightlike directions (in $\mathcal{Q}\subseteq E_1^3$).
\label{prop::InterpretCasualChar}
\end{proposition}
\begin{proof}
Quadrics are level sets of $F(x)=\langle B\,(x-P),x-P\rangle$ and $\mbox{Hess}\,F=B$. Now, since the quadric is non-degenerate, we have that $\mathcal{Q}$ is the inverse image of a regular value of $F$. So, we can apply Eq. (\ref{eqNormalCurvLevelSets}).
\qed
\end{proof}
Based on these constructions we can better interpret why pseudo-spheres $\mathbb{S}_1^2$ have both space- and timelike tangent vectors, while pseudo-hyperbolic planes $\mathbb{H}_0^2$ only have spacelike ones. Indeed, Eq. (\ref{eqNormalCurvLevelSets}) shows that the sign of the Gaussian curvature (in $E^3$), $K_{E^3}$, has an impact on the casual character of the tangent plane: points with $K_{E^3}>0$ have spacelike tangent planes, while points with $K_{E^3}<0$ have timelike tangent planes.
Finally, observe that quadrics are level sets of $F(x)=\langle B(x-P),x-P\rangle$, which has a constant Hessian: $\mbox{Hess}\,F=B$. This motivates us to consider this procedure for any level surface.
\section{Curves on level surfaces of a smooth function}
Let $\Sigma$ be a surface implicitly defined by a smooth function $F:U\subseteq\mathbb{R}^3\to\mathbb{R}$. Then, the Hessian of $F$ induces on $\mathbb{R}^3$ a (pseudo-) metric
\begin{equation}
(\cdot,\cdot)_p = \langle\mbox{Hess}_p\,F\,\cdot\,,\cdot\rangle=\left\langle\frac{\partial^2F(p)}{\partial x^i\partial x^j}\,\cdot\,,\cdot\right\rangle\,.\label{eq::HessMetric}
\end{equation}
By using Eq. (\ref{eqNormalCurvLevelSets}), Proposition \ref{prop::InterpretCasualChar} is still valid for $\Sigma$ in the context of a Hessian pseudo-metric. Moreover, if $\det(\mbox{Hess}_pF)\not=0$, then $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is non-degenerate on a neighborhood of $p$. Likewise, since the eigenvalues vary continuously \cite{SerreMatrixBook} and the index can be seen as the number of negative eigenvalues, the Hessian $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ has a constant index on an open neighborhood. Then, $(\cdot,\cdot)$ in Eq. (\ref{eq::HessMetric}) is well defined on a neighborhood of a non-degenerate point $p$.
Now we ask ourselves if the techniques developed in the previous sections can be applied to characterize curves that lie on a level surface. Unhappily, we are not able to establish a characterization via a linear equation as previously done. Nonetheless, we can still exhibit a functional relationship between the curvatures $\kappa_1$ and $\kappa_2$ of a Bishop frame of the corresponding curves with respect to the Hessian metric. Before that, let us try to understand the technical difficulties involved in the study of level surfaces:
\begin{example}[index 1 Hessian]
Suppose that $\mbox{index}(\mbox{Hess}\,F)=1$ on a certain neighborhood of a non-degenerate point $p$. Let $\alpha:I\to E^3$ be a curve on a regular level surface $\Sigma = F^{-1}(c)$ whose velocity vector $\alpha'\in T_{\alpha(s)}\Sigma$ is not an asymptotic direction for all $s\in I$, i.e. $\kappa_n(\alpha(s),\mathbf{\alpha}'(s))\not=0$. This means that the curve is timelike or spacelike. Denote by $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2\}$ a Bishop frame along $\alpha$, with respect to Eq. (\ref{eq::HessMetric}), and denote by $D$ the covariant derivative and by a prime $'$ the usual one.
From $F(\alpha(s))=c$ it follows that
\begin{equation}
(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha(s)}F,\mathbf{t}) = 0\Rightarrow\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F=a_1\mathbf{n}_1+a_2\mathbf{n}_2\,,\label{eq:gradF_hessMet_InNormalPlane}
\end{equation}
where $\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F$ denotes the gradient vector with respect to $(\cdot,\cdot)$. The coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$ satisfy $a_i=\epsilon_i(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_i)$ and, therefore,
\begin{eqnarray}
\epsilon_ia_i' & = & (D\,\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F, \mathbf{n}_i)+(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,D\,\mathbf{n}_i)\nonumber\\
& = & H^F(\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i)-\epsilon\kappa_i(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t})\nonumber\\
& = & H^F(\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i),
\end{eqnarray}
where $H^F$ denotes the Hessian with respect to $(\cdot,\cdot)$, whose coefficients can be expressed as \cite{ONeill}
\begin{equation}
H^F_{ij} = \left(\frac{\partial^2F}{\partial x^i\partial x^j}-\sum_k\Gamma_{ij}^k\frac{\partial F}{\partial x^k}\right)\,.
\end{equation}
From this expression we see that $a_i'$ does not need to be zero and then we can not apply the same steps as in the previous sections. Indeed, the orthogonality of the Bishop frame $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2\}$ with respect to $\mbox{Hess}\,F=\partial^2F/\partial x^i\partial x^j$ and $H^F$ does not coincide, unless $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is constant.
\qed
\end{example}
\begin{theorem}
Let $\mathcal{U}_p\subseteq\mathbb{R}^3$ be a neighborhood of a non-degenerate point $p\in\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$ where the index is constant. Let $H^F$ denotes the Hessian with respect to the Hessian metric $(\cdot,\cdot)_q=\langle{\rm Hess}_qF\,\cdot,\cdot\rangle$.
If $\alpha:I\to\mathcal{U}_p\cap\Sigma$ is a $C^2$ regular curve, with no asymptotic direction for ${\rm index}({\rm Hess}\,F
)\not\in\{0,3\}$, i.e., $\kappa_n(\alpha,\alpha')\not=0$, then its normal development $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ satisfies
\begin{equation}
a_2(s)\kappa_2(s)+a_1(s)\kappa_1(s)+a_0(s)=0, \label{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves}
\end{equation}
where $a_0=H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})$, $a_i=({\rm grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_i)$, and $a_i'(s)=H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i)$: or $\epsilon_i H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i)$, $\epsilon_i=(\mathbf{n}_i,\mathbf{n}_i)=\pm1$, if ${\rm index}({\rm Hess}\,F
)\not\in\{0,3\}$. Here, the Bishop frame is defined with respect to the Hessian metric.
Conversely, if Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves}) is valid and $({\rm grad}_{\alpha(s_0)}F,\mathbf{t}(s_0))=0$ at some point $\alpha(s_0)$, then $\alpha$ lies in a level surface of $F$.
\label{theo::CurvesInLevelSets}
\end{theorem}
\begin{remark}
If $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$, where $c$ is a regular value of $F$, then $\Sigma$ is an orientable surface. The reciprocal of this result is also valid, i.e., every orientable surface is the inverse image of a regular value of some smooth function \cite{Guillemin}. Then, the above theorem can be applied to any orientable surface (we still have to exclude those points where the Hessian has a zero determinant).
\end{remark}
\begin{proof}
{\it of theorem }\ref{theo::CurvesInLevelSets}.
If the index is $0$, then the Hessian metric defines a Riemannian metric (if $\mbox{index}(\mbox{Hess}\,F)=-3$, then its negative defines a metric). On the other hand, the construction of a Bishop frame for a pseudo-metric with index 2 in dimension 3 is completely analogous to the case of index 1. Moreover, when the index of $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is 1 (or 2), the assumption that $\alpha'$ is not an asymptotic direction means that $\alpha$ must be a space- or a timelike curve.
In the following, let us assume that ${\rm index}(\mbox{Hess}\,F)=1$, the other cases being analogous. In this case, Eq. (\ref{eq::HessMetric}) defines a pseudo-metric in $\mathcal{U}_p\subseteq\mathbb{R}^3$.
Since $F(\alpha(s))=c$, we have
\begin{equation}
(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha(s)}F,\mathbf{t}) = 0\Rightarrow\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F=a_1\mathbf{n}_1+a_2\mathbf{n}_2\,,\label{eqGradFHessMetric}
\end{equation}
where $\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F$ denotes the gradient vector with respect to $(\cdot,\cdot)$. The coefficients $a_1$ and $a_2$ satisfy $a_i=\epsilon_i(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_i)$ and, therefore,
\begin{eqnarray}
a_i' & = & \epsilon_i(D\,\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F, \mathbf{n}_i)+\epsilon_i(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,D\,\mathbf{n}_i)\nonumber\\
& = & \epsilon_iH^F(\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i)-\epsilon_i\epsilon\kappa_i(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t})\nonumber\\
& = & \epsilon_iH^F(\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i),
\end{eqnarray}
where $H^F$ denotes the Hessian with respect to $(\cdot,\cdot)$ \cite{ONeill}. Taking the derivative of Eq. (\ref{eqGradFHessMetric}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
0 & = & (D\,\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t})+(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,D\,\mathbf{t})\nonumber\\
& = & H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+(a_1\mathbf{n}_1+a_2\mathbf{n}_2,\epsilon_1\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2)\nonumber\\
& = & H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+a_1\kappa_1+a_2\kappa_2\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves}) is satisfied.
Conversely, suppose that Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves}) is satisfied. Let us define the function $f(s)=F(\alpha(s))$. We must show that $f$ is constant, i.e., $f'(s)=0$. Taking the derivative of $f$ twice gives
\begin{equation}
f' = (\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t}),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
f'' & = & (D\,\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t})+(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,D\,\mathbf{t})\nonumber\\
& = & H^F(\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t})+\epsilon_1\kappa_1(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_1)+\kappa_2(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_2)\nonumber\\
& = & 0.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, $f'(s)=(\mbox{grad}_{\alpha(s)}F(s),\mathbf{t}(s))$ is constant. By assumption, we have $f'(s_0)=0$, then $f(s)=F(\alpha(s))$ is constant on an open neighborhood of $s_0$, i.e., $\alpha$ lies on a level surface of $F$.
\qed
\end{proof}
\begin{remark}
The Christoffel symbols $\Gamma_{ij}^k$ of a Hessian metric $g_{ij}=\partial^2F/\partial x^i\partial x^j$ vanish if and only if $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is constant; which is valid for a quadratic surface, this case being treated in the previous section.
\end{remark}
If $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ degenerates, i.e., $\det(\mbox{Hess}_pF)=0$ at some points, then the Hessian matrix does not define a metric. Nonetheless, it is still possible to characterize curves on a level surface by using the standard metric of $\mathbb{R}^3$. In fact, it can be used even if $\mbox{Hess}\,F$ is non-degenerate, but in this case we do not have non-degenerate quadrics as a particular instance. The obtained criterion is completely analogous to the previous one in Theorem \ref{theo::CurvesInLevelSets}. Indeed, we have
\begin{theorem}
If $\alpha:I\to E^3\cap \Sigma$ is a $C^2$ regular curve, where $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$, then its normal development $(\kappa_1(s),\kappa_2(s))$ satisfies
\begin{equation}
b_2(s)\kappa_2(s)+b_1(s)\kappa_1(s)+b_0(s)=0, \label{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves2}
\end{equation}
where $b_0=\langle ({\rm Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t}\rangle$, $b_i=\langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_i\rangle$, and $b_i'(s)=\langle ({\rm Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_i\rangle$. Here, the Bishop frame is defined with respect to the usual metric in $E^3$.
Conversely, if Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves2}) is valid and $\langle\nabla_{\alpha(s_0)}F,\mathbf{t}(s_0)\rangle=0$ at some point $\alpha(s_0)$, then $\alpha$ lies in a level surface of $F$.
\end{theorem}
\begin{proof}
Let $\{\mathbf{t},\mathbf{n}_1,\mathbf{n}_2\}$ be a Bishop frame along $\alpha:I\to E^3$. If $F(\alpha(s))=c$, then we have
\begin{equation}
\langle\nabla_{\alpha(s)}F,\mathbf{t}\rangle = 0\Rightarrow\nabla_{\alpha}F=b_1\mathbf{n}_1+b_2\mathbf{n}_2\,,\label{eqGradFUsualMetric}
\end{equation}
where $\nabla_{\alpha}F$ denotes the gradient vector with respect to usual metric in $E^3$. The coefficients $b_1$ and $b_2$ satisfy $b_i=\langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_i\rangle$ and, therefore,
\begin{eqnarray}
b_i' = \langle (\mbox{Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i\rangle-\kappa_i\langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t}\rangle=\langle (\mbox{Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t}, \mathbf{n}_i\rangle.
\end{eqnarray}
Taking the derivative of Eq. (\ref{eqGradFUsualMetric}) gives
\begin{eqnarray}
0 & = & \langle (\mbox{Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t}\rangle+\langle b_1\mathbf{n}_1+b_2\mathbf{n}_2,\kappa_1\mathbf{n}_1+\kappa_2\mathbf{n}_2\rangle\nonumber\\
& = & \langle (\mbox{Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t}\rangle+b_1\kappa_1+b_2\kappa_2\,.
\end{eqnarray}
So, Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves2}) is valid.
Conversely, suppose that Eq. (\ref{eq::characLevelSurfacesCurves}) is satisfied. Let us define the function $f(s)=F(\alpha(s))$. Taking the derivative of $f$ twice gives
\begin{equation}
f' = \langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{t}\rangle,
\end{equation}
and
\begin{eqnarray}
f''
& = & \langle (\mbox{Hess}\,F)\,\mathbf{t},\mathbf{t}\rangle+\kappa_1\langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_1\rangle+\kappa_2\langle\nabla_{\alpha}F,\mathbf{n}_2\rangle= 0.
\end{eqnarray}
Then, $f'(s)=\langle\nabla_{\alpha(s)}F(s),\mathbf{t}(s)\rangle$ is constant. By assumption, we have $f'(s_0)=0$, then $f(s)=F(\alpha(s))$ is constant on an open neighborhood of $s_0$, i.e., $\alpha$ lies on a level surface of $F$.
\qed
\end{proof}
\section{Discussion and Conclusions}
In this work we were interested in the characterization of curves that lie on a given surface. The main tool to achieve that was the use of moving frames along curves. In the construction of Frenet frames in Lorentz-Minkowski spaces $E_1^3$, we showed that the coefficient matrix of the frame motion can be obtained from a skew-symmetric matrix (precisely the matrix that would appear in an Euclidean context) through a right-multiplication by the matrix that describe a frame $\{\mathbf{e}_0,\mathbf{e}_1,\mathbf{e}_2\}$ as a basis of $E_1^3$: $[(\mathbf{e}_i,\mathbf{e}_j)]_{ij}$. Later, by adapting Bishop's idea of relatively parallel moving frames, we were able to furnish a complete characterization of spherical curves in $E_1^3$ through a linear equation relating the coefficients which dictate the frame motion. To attain that, we developed a systematic approach to the construction of Bishop frames by exploiting the structure of the normal planes induced by the casual character of the curve, while for lightlike curves we made use of null frames. In both cases, the coefficient matrix of the frame motion can be obtained from a skew-symmetric matrix, the matrix that would appear in an Euclidean context, through a right-multiplication by the matrix that describes the frame as a basis. We then applied these ideas to surfaces that are level sets of a smooth function, $\Sigma=F^{-1}(c)$, by reinterpreting the problem in the context of the metric given by the Hessian of $F$, which is not always positive definite. So, we are naturally led to the study of curves in $E_1^3$. We also interpreted the casual character that a curve may assume when we pass from $E^3$ to $E_1^3$ and finally established a criterion for a curve to lie on a level surface of a smooth function, which reduces to a linear equation when the Hessian is constant and happens for non-degenerate Euclidean quadrics.
An interesting problem which remains open is to consider the possibility of a curve changing its casual character. Since the property of being space- or timelike is open, i.e., if it is valid at a point it must be valid on a neighborhood of that point, the real problem is to understand what happens near lightlike points. Moreover, the techniques applied here can be extended to higher dimensions and also to the setting of a Riemannian or a semi-Riemannian manifold $M_{\nu}^n$. Indeed, we believe that it is possible to systematically build Bishop and null frames along curves in $M_{\nu}^n$ as done in this work and then apply these constructions to study level hypersurfaces of a smooth function $F:M_{\nu}^3\to\mathbb{R}$. Since the relation between normal curvature and the Hessian with respect to a (pseudo)-metric is still valid, we can also interpret what happens in the transition from $M_{\nu}^n$ to the new geometric setting of a Hessian metric, which may be of a Lorentzian nature since the Hessian may fail to be positive definite.
To the best of our knowledge, this was the first time that the characterization problem for curves was considered for a large class of surfaces. This makes this work an important contribution to the geometry of curves and surfaces.
\begin{acknowledgements}
The author would like to thank useful discussions with J. Deibsom da Silva and F. A. N. Santos, and also the financial support by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\'ifico e Tecnol\'ogico - CNPq (Brazilian agency).
\end{acknowledgements}
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Did you know that according to Biblical scholar Roger Nicole about 4.4% of the New Testament is a direct quotation of a passage/verse from the Hebrew Scriptures (1 out of every 22.5 verses)? And if you add up all the allusions to Hebrew Scripture references, you could have more than a thousand references or up to 10% of the entire New Testament (see http://www.bible-researcher.com/nicole.html). Jesus is noted as utilizing every book of the Hebrew Scriptures but Jesus' four "favorites" books are Isaiah, Genesis, Exodus and Psalms (http://blog.biblia.com/2014/04/which-old-testament-book-did-jesus-quote-most/). Does that sound like an anti-Semitic book to you?
Even if you dropped out of Hebrew School after your Bar/Bat Mitzvah – some of those names are familiar are they not? Jesus is Jewish. The New Testament is a Jewish book and the Christian faith is not Judaism replaced but something else – Tzedakah Ministries likes to call it Judaism Realized or Judaism Continued.
If so, isn't it worth exploring the three questions we are going to examine in this section? If so, isn't it worth discussing these questions with us at the CAFÉ Kehillah Discussion Board.
DON'T CHRISTIANS WORSHIP 3 GODS WHILE WE WORSHIP ONE GOD?
However, the bigger question that needs to be answered is do Christians pray, believe, worship 3 gods? Do we as believers in Jesus have a misunderstanding of Biblical belief that we call the Trinity or perhaps has this concept been in the Hebrew Scriptures all along and you need to EXPLORE it now for yourself?
Shema, Yisrael, Adonai Eloheinu Adonai Echad.
Hear, O Israel, the LORD our God the Lord is One.
Was this not the first prayer you were taught to pray? Whether you were in Yeshiva, Hebrew School or on your grandparent's lap? The Shema (Deuteronomy 6:4-9) is the basic/foundational prayer of all Judaism … is it not? But did you know …the Shema is not really a prayer at it's core – it is a command when you look at the Hebrew itself?
There are two words for "One" in Hebrew – (echad – אחד) and (yachid – יָחִיד); however, their meanings are significantly different. When (or if) you go to Rosh Hashanah services, you read from The Akedah of Genesis 22 … right? The rather grisly sounding (on the surface) passage when Abraham is commanded to offer his "ONE and only son" even though in man's eyes Abraham has another son Ishmael. Confusing? Why does God not recognize Ishmael? Is God playing favorites? Does He not recognize Ishmael? What is the answer?
In God's eyes, Isaac is the ONE and only son of the Covenant Promise (Genesis 12, 15, and 17) and that is the key understanding of the passage. The word in Genesis 22 is yachid to show that for God – Abraham needs to be willing to give up his ONE AND ONLY covenant son to God. GULP!
Therefore, does echad of Deut. 6:4 and the Shema really mean anything different than yachid?… YEP.
Echad would be like two people getting married and the rabbi/minister/judge saying you are no longer "two people but one flesh." You are still an individual but you are no longer alone – you are united together as one (echad). Here are some Scripture verses that show this united concept of one being more than lonely one – Ezekiel 37:17; Ezra 2:64; and Genesis 34:16. Check us out on the Hebrew if you think we are pulling a fast one.
So then why didn't Moses just use the word yachid in the Shema instead of writing echad?
Perhaps it is God not so alone as we thought?
Perhaps there is a hidden message that perhaps we need to explore further about the united idea of God?
In other words, Maimonides, you know the "from Moses to Moses" guy you learned about in Temple, was uncomfortable with the usage of echad that the original Moses used in Deuteronomy 6:4 because of its "plural unity meaning" and sought to change the usage to yachid. Why is this? Talk to your rabbi if you have one. Talk to us because if you have been reading everything we have posted, yes, we have talked about this issue before. And so I would encourage you to talk to the Echad (because you actually can) as well and ask Him.
THE CHRISTIAN IDEA OF THE "TRINITY" IS NEVER MENTIONED IN THE HEBREW BIBLE … RIGHT?
Everyone's life would be simpler if I could answer the question above in the affirmative because I am going to let you in on a secret – the concept of the Trinity is confusing even for those of us who believe and affirm it. It is a tough one. Trying to wrap one's head of how God could be one and then three as well as three and then one at the same time – TOUGH. However, the concept is present in both what is called the New Testament and the Hebrew Scriptures. So let's start at the beginning and cover just two passages from both sections of the WHOLE BIBLE.
Throughout the entirety of the Torah and the rest of Hebrew Scriptures, we never encounter God consulting the angelic host for advice. Even in Job, the angels come to report to Him and not the other way around. Why would God consult the angels in the creation of humanity, especially given that there is no actual evidence that we are anything like the angelic host? Yes, the scholar Rashi seeks to make this point but this is his view based upon what? Opinion? Conjecture? Hope…? Did God consult the angelic host before any other "big decision" in the Hebrew Scriptures? Why here? Does it make sense to you? So … who was He talking to in Genesis 1:26?
God is seen in the Torah as a jealous God. He is seen as a patient God. He is seen as a loving God. Have you ever seen Him to be capricious and vindictive? Yet, Rashi and elsewhere in the Talmud (BT Sanhedrin 38b especially) argues that Genesis 1:26 is purposefully vague in the event that future generations saw a Trinitarian God in the verse. The exact wording from The Legend of the Jews (Midrash) by Louis Ginsberg is the following – "God replied, 'Whoever wishes to err will err." Does this seem like the God of Judaism to you? Or perhaps God is talking/ speaking to others involved in the act of creation. Have you considered what earlier verses in Genesis 1 state about the work of world creation – "And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters." (Gen. 1:2b) Just WHO is this Spirit? Rashi wrote – "The Throne of Glory was suspended in the air and hovered over the face of the water with the breath of the mouth of the Holy One, blessed be He, and with His word, like a dove, which hovers over a nest…" Very lyrical and metaphorical until one considers what Apostle John wrote of John the Baptist's testimony concerning Jesus' baptism, "I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him." (John 1:32). BTW, I haven't even told you one of Jesus' names in the Gospel of John yet and it will BLOW YOUR MIND!
ISAIAH 9:5 –THE LONGEST NAME IN HISTORY!
A lot of questions could go through one's mind right about now — Who in the world is this guy – talk about the world's longest name tag? Why would anyone in the world give their child such a name? But the real questions are why didn't the editors of the 1917 JPS translate it from the Hebrew? Why did they instead transliterate it? What does this name mean?
Later editions of the JPS (1999) have translated it to the following: "… He has been named 'The Mighty God is planning grace; The Eternal Father, a peaceable ruler—" NOTE: We will argue below that while this is a close translation … it is missing something intangibly and eternally important.
The Chabad version of the Tanakh (edited by Rabbi A. J. Rosenberg) translates it in the following way: "and the wondrous adviser, the mighty God, the everlasting Father, called his name, "the prince of peace." NOTE: Now this might create a more comfortable reading for some but it goes completely against all Hebrew rules and structure in order to accomplish – read the above Hebrew if you want to double check our argument against this translation.
The 1917 JPS, the 1999 JPS and the Chabad translation all miss something, especially as they try to force interpretation that this verse is speaking of King Hezekiah because a name has meaning and purpose behind it.
The word for wonderful (an adjective) is used throughout the Hebrew Scriptures is to describe God alone or the actions/judgments of God – Exodus 15:11; Psalm 77:11, 14; Psalm 78;12; Psalm 88:10, 12; Psalm 89:5; Psalm 119:129; Isaiah 25:1; Lamentations 1:9; Daniel 12:6. The word for counselor/advisor simply describes what God does for us. This cannot be used to describe Hezekiah especially in light of Isaiah 39 because Hezekiah fails miserably does he not … and the adjective belongs alone to God. The 1999 JPS edition attempt to translate this passage as "is planning grace" does an injustice both to the idea of "wonderful" for while this phrase is in a verb form, it should not be translated as a passive verb concept but as an ongoing active principle.
Gibbor is an intensive adjective used to describe the noun God. Who in their right minds could believe this refers to Hezekiah? This is why the Chabad translation attempts to re-order the Hebrew in order to change the meaning of the verse to force a Hezekiah meaning into the verse; however, they fail basic translation rules in order to do so.
Abi is a form of Abba which means father which is common until we connect it to the adjective "Ad." Which earthly Jewish king or any king has been everlasting or eternal? No one. Right?
A common enough phrase and an idea that everyone is longing for in today's world. Hezekiah did not bring it. There was not an absence of war – spiritual or otherwise. Who has been the only one to promise a spiritual concept of peace that truly encapsulated the Hebraic idea of completeness and wholeness?
So in this mysterious verse in Isaiah, we have a child who is to be born upon whom the responsibility of the government will be laid upon his shoulders. He will have a mysterious name laden with holy connotations imbued with Godly attributes. Who has been the only child in the history of humanity that has claimed this mantle? Who has promised to bring true peace that was not simply an absence of war but wholeness/ completeness in the truest meaning of Shalom? Who alone claimed this responsibility and we as believers in Jesus affirm lived up to these attributes? Are you will to explore it even further … because after all this verse is not in the New Testament? However, we would like to ask you to examine two more verses in the rest of Scripture as well.
In other questions and other sections, we have explained that John was the theologian of the disciples and of the Gospel accounts of the life of Jesus. Nowhere is this more obvious than in the first three verses of his Gospel.
For if you are not raised in a church/Christian setting, I could well imagine you going what in the world is John talking about – who or what is "the Word"? Glad you asked! Or even if you didn't … we were going to tell you anyway.
AND MOST OF ALL … JESUS IS ALSO GOD. WHOA! STOP THE PRESSES!
John makes absolutely no bones about who he believes Jesus to be. All throughout the Gospel of John we are confronted with these "I Am" statements that define exactly both Jesus' deity and divinity.
A Targum was "a way of doing theology" in the first century world when the Temple still stood and the Jewish carpenter from Nazareth was making waves in Judea and among the Pharisees. In fact, the word Targum means "interpretation" or "translation" and was used in the Synagogues by the leaders, the Pharisees and the rabbis to make the Biblical passages being read and explained understandable to the everyday Jewish person. (For more information – go to pages 5-8 of http://hdl.handle.net/10392/4948). In fact, I would argue that Jesus utilized a form of "Targumic reasoning" in his parables and the Sermon on the Mount that you can read throughout the Gospel – especially Matthew 5-7.
The word for "Word" in the Greek is logos. The meaning of logos is the concept of reason, idea, doctrine, plan and even an actual written/spoken word. The concept of the "Word" is, therefore, important. This is why the modern philosopher Jacques Derrida (who was also Jewish) spent so much time seeking to deconstruct speech and the "Word." For what is "Word" is vital to everything.
But this emphasis on "Word" is not a modern or Greek philosophy. It is actually Hebraic in origin … for lack of a better expression.
o The word for "Word" in the Hebrew is dabar. The word for "Word" in the Aramaic, which was the street language in first-century Judea and the language of the Targums, is memra. We are going to focus on a few examples when it is memra (מימרא) as you shall come to understand why. Memra means more than just spoken word and has a richer connotation—it means also the voice and presence of someone in the sense that it MEANS something (summary of pages 37-38 — http://hdl.handle.net/10392/4948).
Targum Pseudo-Jonathan Numbers 21:8-9 – This is one of my favorite passages from the Torah because my own father preached from this passage quite often—even though it sounds like a rather odd story on first glance.
Interesting is it not? Coincidence … I think not.
I have to confess that we always have good intentions of writing short sections but you deserve better. It would be unfair to cater to the lowest common denominator of discussion. We get that enough from the news and politics these days. We know that those who come to this website want to be engaged in thoughtful consideration of eternal issues or you would not be on this exploration for the identity of the Messiah. However, we will continue to seek to find ways to be less verbose! Engage with us on CAFÉ Kehillah Discussion Board and be as verbose as you want! I think we have some pretty good questions below!
ORIGINAL SIN – THE HEBREW SCRIPTURES DOESN'T TEACH THAT IDEA … DOES IT?
The word sin today is definitely Politically Incorrect. We can like or dislike something. We can find something questionable but we hesitate before we want to call it wrong. We might go as far as saying "it is wrong for me" but we don't want to call it wrong for anyone else but that just comes across as judgmental and … wrong.
However, the Ten Commandments are found in Exodus 20. We don't want to be murdered and wouldn't like it if someone stole our car or lied about us. Situational ethics sound great until they impact us negatively … Right or Wrong?
So what exactly is the meaning of Sin and how far apart is the Jewish and Christian teaching of this Biblical teaching? Therefore, Tzedakah Ministries thought we would begin this section with a couple of primary questions that might help us answer this overarching question.
I am sure that you have heard it taught that all Christians believe in the concept of "Original Sin" – the idea that because Adam/Eve sinned we are all born damned in our sins because we are all born sinful. While Judaism doesn't believe in such a barbaric theology but instead believes in the concept of free choice/free will.
c. Our youth or childhood. Now does this mean from the time we were born or at a certain age? We cannot ascertain from this passage and we will need to dig further but look at us … are we really that nice when no one is really looking?
d. We can be "good people" but what does our heart reveal about us? Just a question that we should all ask … including me because I was not always nice to my sister even when I was a child.
a. One could argue that David was exercising a bit of hyperbole here but was he? Or was he acknowledging that even King David was a sinner from the earliest of ages?
b. He was not born illegitimate because he was the youngest of 7 and so that could not be his rationale. He truly saw himself as a sinner and a sinner that began from an early age.
Does it really matter if it was a matter of birth or not? After all … we all sin as if we were born to do it. Right? Can you remember a time when you were truly perfect (and not just because your Bubbe told you that you were)? We all blow it (I remember lying to my dad at the age of 4 or 5 and watching his face crumble because he knew I was doing it) and even though Rabbinic Judaism tries to dismiss the idea of being "born sinful" they have created "creative" ways around the idea that we will discuss below.
Does the possible reality of "Original Sin" make God unfair or is there more to the story? If so … wouldn't it be a good time to find out? We will discuss this more below! Keep reading!
Yes, Tzedakah Ministries and Explore Messiah…? believes in "Original Sin" but we also believe in Free Will. Confused yet? Don't be. God gave humanity the "fair" gift of free choice and we blew it and we are continuing to blow it.
So … we now must face the consequences and find out what will satisfy God's demands for perfection (i.e., the whole "be ye holy as I am holy" concept found throughout Leviticus). Rabbinic Judaism has an option that we will discuss but we want to suggest there is a better and more Biblical option that will answer your heart exploration more honestly and thoroughly. Because … I can promise you that "Yaytser-Hure" will not cut it.
WHAT IN THE WORLD IS "YAYTSER-HURE"?
My mother's family can trace its roots in Texas back almost to what is called the "Original 300" that came with Moses and Stephen F. Austin. We came with the second group in the early 1830s from Tennessee led by Sam Houston and Sterling Robertson. Now if you are not from Texas, this is not that impressive but if you are and drive through Huntsville you will see the gargantuan statue of "The Sam" and realize our Texas roots are pretty deep. For Sam Houston was not only the president of the Republic of Texas but also a governor of Texas.
However, my mother's family greatest genealogical Texas history claim to fame is not Sam Houston but Cynthia Ann Parker. Not many have heard of Cynthia Ann, but most Texans have heard of her son Quanah, one of the most famous leaders of the Comanche Tribe. What is significant about Cynthia Ann's story is that she was taken captive during a Comanche attack on the Parker settlement in the late 1830s and ultimately became a full-fledged member of the tribe including marrying the chief of the Nocona branch of the Comanches. Later she was "rescued and returned to civilization" when the Nocona tribe was attacked and her husband was killed. Cynthia Ann never readjusted to "White Society" and she basically grieved herself to death in 1871.
The point of this story is that Cynthia Ann's grandfather John Parker was a Two-Seed-in-the-Spirit Predestinarian Baptist pastor who believed one was born with either a Good Seed or a Bad Seed and depending upon what seed you were given determined your eternity. The descendants who survived the 1830s massacre saw Cynthia Ann's struggle to readjust as proof of her "Bad Seedness" and were not surprised when she died. In other words, my multiple great-Uncle John was what you would call a Hyper-Hyper Calvinist and this view which filtered down to the view of Primitive Baptists which was strong in my family until my great-grandmother on both sides of my mother's family broke away from it thankfully in the 1930s and 1940s.
Explore Messiah…? has told you this rather bizarre family story because many within Rabbinic Judaism will point to such a tale as an example of what is incorrect about the Christian faith. Yet, they will then turn around and advocate a concept called Yaytser Hure (aka Yetzer Hara) or the evil inclination. The idea of the "evil inclination" within Rabbinic Judaism is that every human is born with both a good and evil inclination. We can choose to do good or evil but our natural instincts will eventually take over and somewhere along the line we will choose to do bad – "For there is not a just man upon earth, that doeth good, and sinneth not" (Ecclesiastes 7:20).
I don't think any of us (even myself) would disagree with Ecclesiastes 7:20 but a simple question that I have often asked myself – how different really is the whole Inclination Argument than the Two-Seed Argument? Yes, Rabbinic Judaism says you have a choice … but do you really? Yes, Rabbinic Judaism will relent and say that the choice is not really a choice because everyone eventually succumbs to our baser nature but they will then turn around and say you can do enough good to make up for you bad choices. Therefore, a final question before we look at what Scripture actually says – if we cannot control our baser nature … do you think you can really do enough good to make up for your own basic desire to sin?
Tzedakah Ministries/Explore Messiah…? absolutely believes in the dual concept of the Sovereignty of God and "Free Will." In fact, we would argue that God actually is secure enough in His Sovereignty that He never wanted robots for His greatest action of creation and gave us and still gives us "Free Will" but we continue to blow it. So … what is our choice, what is our road, what is our hopeful exploration back to Him?
First – Torah teaches that God only accepts holiness (i.e., "be ye Holy as I am Holy") as found throughout Leviticus and attempts at good stuff will never cut it with Him.
Second – Isaiah actually said that our attempts at being good is absolute garbage in Isaiah 64:5 (verse 6 in the Christian Bible). Isaiah compares our best, believe it or not, in the Hebrew to the sanitary efforts/cleaning rags that a woman burned after her menstrual cycle!
Third – God never cancelled out the need for an actual atonement sacrifice for sins despite what Rabbinic Judaism tries to argue – and if they are honest they will admit it that Rabbinic Judaism is really Plan B Judaism to what Scripture teaches (Leviticus 17:11; 23:26-32). Incidentally, I am taking a continuing education course at Rutgers University on Rabbinic Literature and the professor basically admits as much!
Therefore, this is why we who believe in Jesus as our Messiah do not see Jesus' sacrifice as a negative but as a solution to what we could never achieve ourselves. We blew/blow/continue to blow "Free Will" and Jesus did what we could never achieve on our own. He is our choice, our road and exploration back to God and that is what Romans 5 and Hebrews 10 seeks to explain if you are willing to explore/read it.
HAVE YOU EVER REALLY READ GENESIS 8:21; PSALM 51:5; ECCLESIASTES 7:20; AND ISAIAH 64:5 IN THE SYNAGOGUAGE?
One quick but really important final question – this section has utilized four specific passages from the Hebrew Scriptures (and we are not even including those awkward Leviticus verses!). When was the last time they were mentioned in the synagogue you attend[ed]? I remember one time bringing up Isaiah 64 to a rabbi and he didn't even know that verse was there. Seriously! Would your rabbi know about it? How would he respond to it? Would you let us know?
Have you been surprised by what Christians actually believe about the idea of "Original Sin"? Is it different or the same from what you have been led to believe? Come and discuss it with us along with some of our questions at the CAFÉ Kehillah Discussion Board.
JUDAISM DOESN'T BELIEVE IN HELL – WHY SHOULD I SHOULD WANT TO BEGIN BELIEVING IN THIS MACABRE CHRISTIAN CONCEPT?
Obviously there are lots of conflicting messages and opinions are there not. So … let's explore the issue a little further.
SO JUST WHAT IS THIS AFTERLIFE PLACE CALLED HELL – WHO GOES THERE? WHAT IS IT LIKE? IS THERE A DIFFERENCE BIBLICALLY BETWEEN THE JEWISH AND CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING?
The Modern/Rabbinic Jewish understanding of who goes to Hell is a little complex because it is based on whether (1) you believe it is there and (2) who you think deserves to go.
The passage in Zechariah 1 has absolutely nothing to do with what Jews for Judaism is saying. The context is about the return of the refugees from Babylon and their confessional repentance to not be like their ancestors who were dispersed in the first place. This is not a salvation (heaven/hell) text and to pretend to be so is to do you and the folks in Zechariah a disservice.
3) Throughout the Hebrew Scriptures, the idea of an intermediary is present (Moses and Exodus 20 anyone) and this "not so subtle dig" at Christianity was immature to say the least.
Every Halloween where I live in Texas, some church in the area will present their version of "Heaven's Gates, Hell's Flames." This presentation creates a scenario that allows people to see characters die and face eternity. Some will go to Heaven and others will go (cue dramatic music) to Hell. I don't care for this presentation for a multitude of reasons that I often share with others but I will share one of those reasons with you here – the reality of Hell will be far worse than anything we can imagine.
Now I might disagree with Mr. Lewis on some nuances of his view of eternal abomination but I would recommend The Great Divorce as well as the Evangelical work Four Views of Hell, ed. William Crockett. Both are worth a read even if I personally do not agree with everything written on the pages. For Hell is real but it doesn't have to be a destination worth exploring because of the emptiness that awaits … unless once chooses to not recognize the gift that was given in Messiah Jesus.
Is there really a Biblical difference between the Jewish and Christian understanding of Hell?
Tzedakah Ministries and Explore Messiah…? will admit that our statement on Hell is dominated with verses from what we call the New Testament. There is a reason for this fact – the Hebrew Scriptures do not broadly explain Hell; however, this does not mean that the concept is not present in the Tanakh.
One of the great Baptist theologians of the 20th century, and admittedly a personal friend, James Leo Garrett, writes in his second volume (page 661) of his Systematic Theology that in order "to understand the entire Old Testament perspective, we need to identify and explain several strands with the [Hebrew Scripture.]" He then goes on to explain eight issues (pages 661-664) related to death and life after death that are found in the Tanakh with in-depth explanations of not only Sheol but also Abaddon and others.
Yes, I know that Daniel is rarely if ever touched in the synagogue. This passage along with Daniel 7 and Daniel 9 are troublesome but they need to be explored as you are on your journey. For the writer of Daniel (who I personally think was Daniel but that is a story for another day), believed in resurrection from the dead but not all went to heaven, but not all went to some Jewish form of Purgatory as Jews for Judaism teaches, and not all went through some form of super-duper extra but temporary cleansing as the Lubavitch/Chabad teach today (https://www.chabad.org/library/article_cdo/aid/1594422/jewish/Do-Jews-Believe-in-Hell.htm). Some in Daniel 12:2 went to what Daniel described as eternal contempt/ abhorrence which incidentally is the actual translation on the Chabad website. (https://www.chabad.org/library/bible_cdo/aid/16495#showrashi=true) Why did they go such to horrible place – the word for contempt/abhorrence gives us a clue because we find in its root the idea of blasphemy.
Truly, the question of exploring the idea of Hell and Heaven is life's ultimate and eternal decision and we would love to talk with you about it on the CAFÉ Kehillah Discussion Board. Will you continue the exploration with us? | {
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The cold shoulder look is here to stay, and this women's cold shoulder top with long sleeves is at the top of the fashion ladder! It is made from a stretchy cotton blend fabric that feels nice and soft, and that provides a comfortable fit. The top isn available in your choice of classic black, traditional white, navy blue or deep red. The long sleeves feature cutouts at the upper arms/shoulders, which creates the cold shoulder look. This top has a simple, rounded neckline that rests above the collar bone. It is a close fit, with the hemline ending at the upper hip. You will love the superior quality and workmanship that went into making this pretty top. Wear it with jeans or denim skirts for a great look. | {
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Archive | April, 2018
LA Makes a Billionaire Privatizer Superintendent of Schools (Updated)
Eli Broad and friends have picked his wealthy business partner, Austin Beutner, to lead LA schools. Their kindred spirit from San Francisco, Reed Hastings, is chipping in for the cause as are Fisher, Walton, Bloomberg and several other billionaires. The selection of Beutner would signal another existential crisis for America's second largest public-school district.
Update: When I originally published this article, a board member who had voted against Beutner, Scott M Schmerelson's came to the mic on Friday, April 27 and announced that no decision had been made. He said the next board meeting would be May 1. That was subterfuge.
1. The vote to hire Beutner was taken on April 20th.
2. Board member Richard Vladovic who was considered opposed to Beutner voted to hire him.
3. It was a 5-2 vote for his contract.
In May of 2017, these pro-privatization forces bankrolled a successful destroy public education (DPE) take-over of the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). For the first time ever, a pro-charter school voting bloc is in control. Now, they appear ready to select Beutner as their leader.
On April 16, Howard Blume reporting for the Los Angeles Times said, "Austin Beutner has emerged as a leading contender to run the Los Angeles school district, with backers saying he is smart enough and tough enough to confront its financial and academic struggles." However, the selection has been surprisingly stalled.
April 20, Blume updated the story for the LA Times. He speculated Beutner would be selected that day. Blume wrote, "Some of the city's power brokers seem to be invested in Beutner, 58, who is himself one of L.A.'s more influential leaders." However, later in the day, the Daily News reported, "The board met for hours Friday but announced shortly after 7 p.m. that it would be reconvening at 11 a.m. May 1 to resume the discussion".
Four Finalist in Superintendent Bid
In the April 16 LA Times article, Blume also stated that in addition to front runner Beutner, three finalists are in contention. He noted:
"Interim Supt. Vivian Ekchian, who has been managing the district since King left on medical leave last fall, also made it to the second round, according to insiders. The other two apparent finalists are more difficult to confirm, but several sources have named Indianapolis Supt. Lewis Ferebee and former Baltimore Supt. Andres Alonso, who teaches at the Harvard Graduate School of Education."
Popular LAUSD Superintendent Michelle King resigned on January 5th. She had been fighting cancer since the summer of 2017 and had been on medical leave since the fall.
Four finalists for LAUSD Superintendent: Alonso, Beutner, Ekchian, Ferebee.
Lewis Ferebee
Ferebee has been the Superintendent of Schools in Indianapolis, Indiana since 2013. Influenced by The Mind Trust, Indianapolis has become a model for the DPE movement. The fact that Ferebee, who is a member of Jeb Bush's Chiefs for Change, is a finalist speaks volumes about the direction the new LAUSD board is charting.
The 74, a noted DPE oriented publication started by Campbell Brown, said that when first appointed he looked like a strange choice then continued, "But since he stepped into the role of superintendent in 2013, Ferebee has developed stronger relationships between traditional district and charter schools, grown the city's network of innovation schools, and worked toward giving principals more decision-making power."
Last week Ferebee removed himself from consideration. On April 18, the Indianapolis Star quoted him:
'"Recently, I was announced as one of the finalists for the Los Angeles Unified School District superintendent position,' Ferebee's statement said. 'After further discussing this endeavor with my family, the Indianapolis Board of School Commissioners, and those handling the search process, I have withdrawn my name from consideration. It was an honor to have been considered for an opportunity of this magnitude."'
Austin Beutner
He has no educational training or experience. His only qualification seems to be his willingness to do the job and the support he has from LA's power elites. They claim his background in investment banking will lead to a solution to the charter school induced deficits plaguing LAUSD.
Beutner grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan just thirty miles up the road from Holland Michigan and the DeVos clan. His father, Roger Earl Beutner, was the Vice-President of Operations at AmWay. He and his siblings Sheryl and Brian all attended East Grand Rapids High School, a public school.
He went to Dartmouth in the fall of 1978 majoring in economics. That seems to be the extent of his formal education.
His Revolvy biography states,
"After graduation in 1982 he went to work at Smith Barney as a financial analyst. At the age of 29, he became the youngest partner at The Blackstone Group, one of the largest private equity firms in the world. In the 1990s he co-founded the investment banking group Evercore Partners which went public in 2006."
Dartmouth magazine noted, "In the mid-1990s President Bill Clinton asked him to advise Russia on transitioning to a free-market economy. (During his three years in Moscow, Beutner met with both Yeltsin and Putin.)"
After recovering from a serious biking accident, Beutner started looking for new challenges outside the banking industry. In 2009, LA's economy was in the tank, companies were leaving town and business insiders were not happy with Mayor Anthony Villaraigosa's "feckless response." Former mayor and billionaire, Richard Riordan, hosted a breakfast for city movers and shakers to discuss the issue. In a 2011 puff piece about Beutner, Gabriel Kahn of Los Angeles Magazine provided a description of the event:
"Riordan wanted to bring together some of the most prominent people in L.A. to see what could be done. Among those attending were Michael Milken, Eli Broad, and Disney senior executive Jay Rasulo, along with [George] Kieffer [from the LA law firm Manatt, Phelps & Phillips], City National Bank chairman Russell Goldsmith, and Jay Carson, who was chief deputy mayor at the time. Beutner also had a seat, though few of the guests knew him well. One after the other they rattled off ways to address L.A.'s most glaring problems: slash the lengthy business permitting process, do away with arcane business taxes, tackle runaway pension costs. Then Beutner spoke up. The proposals were all fine, he said, but until a person inside city hall is charged with implementing them, nothing would change. Those present took notice."
Villaraigosa appointed Beutner to a new position he created, Deputy Mayor. He was given an extensive portfolio of responsibilities. Kahn wrote, "Beutner, who had decades of experience in investment banking but none in local government, was granted oversight of 12 city agencies, from the Port of Los Angeles to the Housing Authority." He was the supervisor of 17,000 city employees.
Kahn ended his LA Magazine article with:
"No matter what happens, Villaraigosa says he wants someone doing Beutner's job. After all, someone's got to run the city."
In February 2016, the San Diego Reader reported,
"Last May, when Chicago-based Tribune Publishing bought the San Diego Union-Tribune from developer Douglas Manchester, Austin Beutner seemed poised to take the city by storm. Appointed publisher of both the U-T and the Los Angeles Times, the former Wall Street wheeler-dealer and Democratic ex-deputy mayor of L.A. and friend of Bill and Hillary Clinton pledged to make over failing newspaper models and personally oversee everything from interviews with governor Jerry Brown to daily editorials.
"Then Beutner was suddenly gone, dumped in September by Tribune after a reportedly failed attempt by his onetime associate, Democratic billionaire Eli Broad, to buy out the Times and U-T as part of Broad's effort to build a personal Southern California newspaper empire."
No training or experience in education but lots of money and connections. Isn't this the requirement for top management positions in banana republics?
Andres Alonso
This finalist was the Superintendent of education in Baltimore, Maryland for six years. He resigned in 2013. Before Baltimore, he was chief of staff and then deputy chancellor for Teaching and learning during the first phase of New York's Children First reforms. [Update: A reliable source says Alonso actually had no supervisory authority in NY. The information cited is from his Harvard biography.]
In his doctoral thesis Danial Voloch studied the Children First reform. He begins,
"During the first decade of the 21st century, Chancellor Joel Klein and Mayor Michael Bloomberg oversaw a radical transformation of the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE) into a portfolio management district in which the primary responsibility of the NYCDOE was not to develop the capacity of school leaders or teachers, but instead to create a marketplace through which strong schools could be created and failing schools could be closed." (emphasis added)
Alonso was an early practitioner of the DPE favored portfolio management theory with its associated churn and disruption.
Upon his resignation the Baltimore Sun wrote of Alonso's performance:
"Under Alonso's leadership, city schools saw growth in test scores, graduation rates and enrollment, but his administration was dogged by fiscal problems and cheating scandals.
"The first half of his tenure was marked by a series of reforms: closing more than one dozen failing schools and programs and creating several others that have thrived; decentralizing the system by cutting the headquarters staff by more than half; giving principals power over budget decisions; creating choice for city families, and competition among middle and high schools; and signing a landmark pay-for-performance teachers' union contract that was hailed as a model in the nation. (emphasis added)
"Test scores stalled, and a series of cheating scandals — found by the state to have taken place during the year the district's progress was most celebrated — cast a cloud over the success story.
Since leaving Baltimore, Alonso has been teaching at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. He does have extensive experience and training, but his philosophy of education leadership is deeply flawed.
Vivian Ekchian
Her LAUSD biography informs us that Ms. Ekchian is a 32-year veteran of L.A. Unified and has served in a variety of roles: teacher assistant, classroom teacher, principal, director of instruction, chief of staff to the superintendent of schools, chief human resources officer, chief labor negotiator, local district superintendent, associate superintendent, and acting superintendent. In January, LAUSD Board of Education voted unanimously to appoint Ms. Ekchian as interim superintendent.
She was awarded a bachelor's degree and teaching credential from California State University, Northridge, as well as a master's degree in educational administration from the University of California, Los Angeles. Currently, Ekchian is working toward a doctorate in educational leadership through the University of Southern California.
She is a naturalized Armenian-American born in Iran to Armenian parents. Ekchian was raised and educated in Heidelberg, Germany so she naturally understands the challenges facing students with diverse backgrounds.
Of the four finalists for the position, Ekchian is the most experienced and most committed to seeing LAUSD succeed at its mission to maintain high-quality professionally run public schools in every neighborhood. Unfortunately, the new LAUSD board appears committed to the DPE path.
Who Does the LAUSD Board Represent?
It is widely acknowledged that the last LAUSD board election was the most expensive school board election in history. The spending by the DPE movement was approximately double that of the teacher's unions. However, this is misleading.
Over 7,000 teachers voluntarily contributed and average of $9.50 a month for a total of $67,000 starting in January 2017. By the election in May, those 7,000 people had contributed over $300,000. On February 22, 2017, the former mayor of New York, Michael Bloomberg contributed $500,000.
Graphic Courtesy of the Big Education Ape
Howard Blume and Ben Poston wrote a post-election piece describing the sources the money spent on the election. They said,
"It's an oversimplification to say the outcome was all about money, but charters spent more ($9.7 million compared with $5.2 million), and their candidates finished first in both races on Tuesday's ballot."
"Based on spending since the March primary, pro-charter outside groups and individuals spent $144 for every vote cast for one of the charter-endorsed candidates. Unions spent $81 for every vote received by teachers union-backed candidates."
"More information will be revealed with ongoing disclosure filings, but Reed Hastings, the co-founder of Netflix and a Democrat, appears to lead the pack with nearly $7 million donated since last September to California Charter Schools Assn. Advocates. Hastings, like others, does not appear in city filings as a contributor because he gave to the charter association. That association then spent money on the campaign or transferred funds to other pro-charter groups."
"How easy is it to figure out the source of the money in the school board races?
"Not very. California Charter Schools Assn. Advocates, for example, files with state regulators, not the city, and the state requires only a semi-annual report. It won't be possible to look up who gave in the five months leading up to the May 16 election until sometime after June."
Major contributors are required to file their contributions with the State of California. The following table is of contributions in 2017, most of which came in before May.
Data on Campaign Giving by Major Donors in 2017
CCSA Advocates is an independent expenditure committee associated with the California Charter Schools Association. Ref Rodriquez, who is charged with campaign finance and charter school money fraud, is the forth vote for the DPE side. Marshal Tuck is the DPE backed candidate for state superintendent of instruction. Kellen Gonez and Nick Melvoin were just elected to the LAUSD board. Much of the independent expenditure money went to them. Ed Voice, Ed Voice for Kids and LA Students are all independent expenditure committees supporting the DPE movement. LA Students is Richard Riordan's independent expenditure committee. It has nothing to do with students.
Melvoin and Gonez claim they are not ruled by these big money spenders. Their vote for the next LAUSD superintendent will be telling.
Tags: Beutner, DPE, LAUSD, Politics, Public education, Public Schools, Villaraigosa
A Rotten Peach Poisoning Atlanta Public Schools
Sadly, the Atlantic Public Schools (APS) are careening from one destructive tragedy to the next. On the heels of the great cheating scandal of 2009, APS hired a leader of the destroy public education (DPE) movement as schools' chief. Her "district turnaround" model includes making APS an all charter system.
Somehow, I got included in an email conversation between Ed Johnson, well-known education activist from Atlanta, Georgia, and a group of professors who study education issues. Mr. Johnson who ran for the Atlanta school board and has had opinion pieces published by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, shared data from the just released NEAP testing. He provided eight graphs supporting the following conclusions:
"This preliminary look at APS offers the immediate data story that, in recent years, APS White-Black academic gaps have been made worse. It is the same data story the Georgia Milestones Assessment System also tells; details differ, of course. So-called school transformation, school turnaround, school reform, school choice, and closing public schools and opening charter schools must be considered negative contributing factors, as they promote bold, disruptive change; scripted teaching; instruction delivery; personalized mechanistic learning; and rigid academic performance. These matters are contrary to purposeful, systemic improvement of APS as a public institution or public good."
I assume Mr. Johnson wound not mind sharing his statement from a private email. He clearly would like this story to be disseminated. On the other hand, I will share non-public statements for the professionals but not their names.
Professor A replied, "Atlanta has a superintendent who favors charters, TFA, Relay 'Graduate School of Education,' and all things Reformy. Austin was very happy to get her out."
Professor B retorted, "Castarphen is a nightmare."
Professor A responded, "I agree."
A professional from Georgia noted,
"Yes indeed. She's all the reform titans' poster super— and having been in Atlanta a few years now she is very likely to move onto somewhere bigger and for a bigger paycheck soon. Consider yourself warned other major American cities."
Meria Joel Castarphen
Picture from the Saporta Report
Carstarphen was born and raised in Selma, Alabama. Her mother was an educator who spent 30 years in the classroom. In addition to her mother, Meria was raised by her father, Joseph, along with three sisters. Bearing a light complexion and a magnetic smile, this articulate black woman radiates natural appeal.
She attended Tulane University where she earned a Bachelor of Arts in Political Science and Spanish. Upon graduation in 1992, she returned to Selma to teach middle school Spanish. After four years in the classroom, it was off to Harvard. In 2002, Harvard University Graduate School of Education awarded her a Doctor of Education in Administration, Planning and Social Policy Concentration in Urban Superintendency [I guess that is a word at Harvard].
Carstarphen's career flourished, going to Columbus, Ohio in 1999 as Special Assistant to the Superintendent. In 2003, it was Kingsport, Tennessee to be Executive Director for comprehensive school improvement and accountability. Then, the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) hired her to be their first ever, Chief Accountability Officer in 2004.
By 2006, the Washington Times reported, "The D.C. public school system's $170,000 per-year chief accountability officer is scheduled to interview for a job with another school district today, less than 18 months after filling the newly created D.C. position." The second highest paid employee at DCPS was headed for Saint Paul, Minnesota to be the boss.
Carstarphen the Bully Arrived in Saint Paul
Doug Belden of the Pioneer Press published a postmortem article called "Critics of Meria Carstarphen speak, hoping debate influences who succeeds her at helm of St. Paul schools." Belden wrote of an interview with a local long-serving St. Paul Public Schools administrator:
"Mary Chorewycz says she used to tell people she wished Carstarphen had been a principal before becoming a superintendent, so she would have had the experience of not just coming up with a plan but also of working with people to get it enacted.
'"If you verbally abuse those that must carry through that plan, it really diminishes the amount that is accomplished,' said Chorewycz, former executive director of research and development, who left in 2007."
"One of the last straws for her, she said, was when Carstarphen came in one morning and harangued the group of nearly 20 senior leaders for about 40 minutes, telling them in a raised voice how incompetent they were."
"Chorewycz, an administrator in St. Paul schools for more than 30 years, said no superintendent in her experience "has prevented or inhibited so much through disrespect of people and ideas."
During the three years from Carstarphen's arrival in 2006, more than half of St. Paul's top administrators left. Belden reported that the ranks of senior administration expanded, leading to a 20 percent increase in total administration salaries.
The Pioneer Press article quoted the district's former Executive Director of Facilities, Patrick Quinn, "Meria's confrontational style has rendered the administrative work environment toxic."
Austin, Texas Hired a "Reformer"
To be fair, Carstarphen took on a difficult situation to become the superintendent of Austin Independent School District (AISD). Unfortunately, she used Austin's financial issues to advance a DPE agenda. The Austin Statesman reported,
"Carstarphen has guided the district through difficult budget years. She and her administrative team inherited a $15 million shortfall in 2009-10 and closed that gap within one year, presenting a balanced 2010-11 budget. That same year, Carstarphen pushed the district to declare financial exigency — a state of fiscal emergency that would give the district greater leeway in terminating employees, including those with current contracts. The board balked at the idea, but less than two years later, in February 2011, followed her recommendation, which made way to ax more than 1,100 positions." (emphasis added)
The "greater leeway in terminating employees" is a repeating theme for Carstarphen. Getting out from under state education law and gutting teachers' rights are key levers in DPE aligned "reform."
In 2011, Carstarphen ignored mandates to consult with the teachers union over school "turnarounds" and signed an agreement to turn the operation of Allan Elementary School and Eastside Memorial High School over to IDEA charter schools. Eastside Memorial High School had struggled for more than a decade to meet the standardized testing benchmarks set by the state of Texas and NCLB. Previously it was the first school in Texas shut down, reorganized and reopened under a new name. Allan Elementary met the Texas benchmarks but this school in a heavily Hispanic neighborhood was also targeted for charter management.
The community near these schools fought back as reported in the Austin Statesman:
"The school board approved the partnership with what critics say was little discussion, prompting a backlash from students, parents and residents who protested outside the board room and marched in the streets. The charter operator also moved into Allan Elementary in the fall of 2012; 85 percent of students transferred out."
Vincent Tovar a parent whose wife teaches in AISD, laid out a timeline of the IDEA debacle in his blog "Walter Crunkite." The first entry says,
"November 3, 2011: First Community Meeting at Martin Middle School. Tom Torkelson, CEO of IDEA, responds to an Eastside Memorial student's question about Special Education. Torkelson states that he doesn't believe in dyslexia. "Dys-teach-ia" is the problem."
A group of education activists from Tennessee, SOCM, also produced a lengthy document about the IDEA opposition. They said,
"During the forums, it soon became amply clear that IDEA's "direct teaching" curriculum consisted of little more than constant preparation for standardized tests with the students endlessly parroting answers to questions anticipated to be on the state's Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills (TAKS). IDEA later even admitted that its students in the Rio Grande Valley wore uniforms which were color-coded, not on the basis of grade or age, but on standardized test-score achievement, thus insuring the humiliation of older siblings by their more test-savvy younger brothers and sisters attending the same school!"
A researcher from Penn State University, Dr. Ed Fuller, produced a study that severely undermined the claims that IDEA charter schools were producing miraculous education outcomes.
In the November 2012 elections, three board members were replaced. In December, the new board cancelled the IDEA contract but Eastside – because of NCLB and Texas law – required a turnaround plan. The following month, Carstarphen indicated that the district did not have time to create an in-house plan, so a new private operator would be needed.
In 2014, the official annual board review of the superintendent praised Carstarphen for some work but criticized her relationships with community and staff. They did not offer a contract extension.
Vincent Tovar said, "Her corporate-reform-backed agenda didn't fly here because we fought it, and that's why she's leaving."
Picture from SOCM Documentation of Austin Community Meeting, 2011
Hardcore DPE Style Reform Heads to Atlanta
Mark Niesse reporting for the Atlanta Journal-Constitution lead his Carstarphen story with "The probable next superintendent of Atlanta Public Schools is coming off a controversial tenure in Austin, Texas, where public ire over budget cuts and a school closing rose as much as the improved graduation rates and finances."
Carstarphen found a perfect home. Georgia's governor, Nathan Deal, is a DPE campaigner. His education agenda pushes the non-democratic takeover of public schools and supports privatizing them.
Carstarphen again encountered difficulties with her new employees. The Atlanta Journal-Constitution reported,
"The lawsuit, first filed in late 2015, contends the school district "has been attempting to replace experienced, higher-paid teachers with relatively inexperienced teachers at entry level salaries" since Carstarphen took over the top post in July of 2014.
"The plaintiffs allege in court documents that the school district conducted investigations, or "witch-hunts," against long-serving teachers."
Another Journal-Constitution report says,
'"After the big cheating scandal they brought in someone and basically her philosophy was, I'm going to change the culture of APS,' said Lori Hamilton, an attorney representing the teachers. 'And that meant out with the old."'
"In a separate pending lawsuit, another group of former Atlanta educators is suing the school district in connection with the decision to hire charter school groups to manage several low-performing schools."
Atlanta magazine ran a sponsored article from the Atlanta Public Schools called "Atlanta Public Schools embarks on another full year of its journey of transformation." The article states,
"As it moves into the 2017-2018 school year, Atlanta Public Schools (APS) continues a journey of transformation that creates choice-filled lives for each and every child in Atlanta."
"APS is in its second year as a Charter District, … A hallmark of the APS Charter System Plan is the implementation of signature programming for each school cluster, including International Baccalaureate, STEM, or College and Career Preparatory."
"In addition to the district's core academic curriculum, APS' Social Emotional Learning efforts … now span the district."
Not only does APS now embrace DPE-inspired frauds, like STEM and SEL, it openly partners on the district web site with some of the most virulent promoters of privatizing America's schools. There is a notice titled "Walton Family Foundation to Support Atlanta Public Schools Turnaround Efforts; $2.1 million investment will also expand access to student and school performance data." The message from the Waltons says,
"We commend Superintendent Carstarphen and APS leadership for taking bold steps to improve schools in Atlanta, and know that students, parents, and educators will all benefit from these initiatives," said Marc Sternberg, K-12 Education Director at the foundation. "Children win when parents have the opportunity to choose a great school from multiple high-quality options, and cities win when high-quality schools can grow to serve all students."
The APS web site describes a charter district and provides a link to a PowerPoint presentation promoting it. APS officially writes,
"A charter system is a school district that operates under a performance-based contract between the local board and the state board of education. Under the Charter System, Atlanta Public Schools would gain freedom and flexibility from many state education laws and regulations in exchange for increased accountability for student achievement. A key element to charter system is moving decision making closer to where learning takes place. That means leaving decisions to the school system and to the schools within the system. It also means involving more people in the decision making process."
Fight for High Quality Public Schools in Every Neighborhood
Atlanta, Georgia, is losing its neighborhood public schools run by elected school boards, just like Washington DC, Denver, Oakland and Indianapolis. Many American urban areas are headed in the same direction. New Orleans has already lost nearly all its public schools.
This is a tragedy. A 200-year legacy of quality public schools in every American community and neighborhood is being stolen from the people. The result will be horrible. Government spending on education further reduced and people with children paying out of pocket for competent schools. The unifying aspect of public education will be sundered.
There is a point of view that says, "The top priority of government is education." Today, wealthy elites for reasons of personal religious view; out of control hubris; and economic greed are stealing this gift inherited from our forefathers.
"We are many, they are few." People have the power and it is time to use it to end this mindless destruction of our free high-quality and professionally run universal public education system.
Tags: APS, Atlanta Public Schools, Austin, Carstarphen, education, NCLB, Politics, Public education, Public Schools, reform, St. Paul
Destroy Public Education Proponent Advocates Vouchers
Late in March (2018), the Center for American Progress (CAP) released a report on vouchers. CAP, a neoliberal leaning think tank, sums up Their report with this quote, "How bad are school vouchers for students? Far worse than most people imagine."
After reading the report, I distributed it through my twitter feed. I am not a big fan of CAP, but felt the report was valuable except for their continued support for the charter school choice agenda. I guess they are only half as bad as DeVos.
The next day Corey A. DeAngelis, a policy analyst at the Cato Center for Educational Freedom, replied to my tweet with a link to his post refuting the CAP study.
DeAnelis's Tweet Which Promotes his Own Post at cato.org
DeAnelis's bio on the Cato web site says,
"Corey A. DeAngelis is a Policy Analyst at the Cato Center for Educational Freedom. He is also a Distinguished Doctoral Fellow and Ph.D. candidate in Education Policy at the University of Arkansas in Fayetteville, and a Policy Advisor and Contributing Editor for the Heartland Institute."
Before we get into Corey's post, let us review some background material.
Is It a Conservative Theory or a Religious Conversion?
In 2012 Jane Mayer published "The Kochs vs. Cato" in the New Yorker. It was a story about a law suit the Koch brothers had filed reasserting control over the Cato institute. It is a fascinating story in which Mayer shares this:
"Cato was co-founded by Edward Crane and Charles Koch, in the nineteen-seventies, with Koch's money; the lawsuit notes that the original corporate name was the Charles Koch Foundation, Inc. Crane once recounted to me, 'Charles said what would it take to keep me in the libertarian movement. He was very impressed. I said, My bank account is empty. He said, How much do you need? I'd been impressed with Brookings and A.E.I., and told him it would be good to have a libertarian think tank. Charles said, I'll give it to you.' Koch steered millions to the think tank."
The web site Conservative Transparency adds,
"Cato is well known for advocating limited government and deregulation, especially the privatization of Social Security. Cato has for the most part stuck to libertarian principles, advocating for the elimination of many federal agencies while also supporting the decriminalization of marijuana and opposing bans on gay marriage."
For many years, one of the stars supported by the Cato institute was Milton Friedman, the 1976 Nobel Prize winner for economics and the father of vouchers. How he won the Nobel Prize is difficult to comprehend. In 1995, Friedman wrote a policy brief for Cato on the fortieth anniversary of his famous 1955 essay proposing vouchers, "The Role of Government in Education."
In the 1995 policy brief, Friedman claims:
"Our elementary and secondary educational system needs to be radically restructured. Such a reconstruction can be achieved only by privatizing a major segment of the educational system–i.e., by enabling a private, for-profit industry to develop that will provide a wide variety of learning opportunities and offer effective competition to public schools."
When calling for radical change to a successful public-education system, good reason is required. The often repeated lie, "public-education is failing." is an illusion. It was never failing and is the foundation of American democracy and liberty. Destroying public-education is an act of treason.
Friedman:
The most feasible way to bring about a gradual yet substantial transfer from government to private enterprise is to enact in each state a voucher system that enables parents to choose freely the schools their children attend."
This ideology is a religiously held belief positing that private enterprise is always more efficient and cost effective than a government enterprise. However, privatized police forces, privatized prisons, privatized armies and privatized fire departments are clearly problematic.
"With minor exceptions, no one has succeeded in getting a voucher system adopted, thanks primarily to the political power of the school establishment, more recently reinforced by the National Education Association and the American Federation of Teachers, together the strongest political lobbying body in the United States."
This is pure propaganda. The military industrial complex, big pharma, banking and trial lawyers all dwarfed the power of teachers' unions in 1995. Teachers were highly respected and this was a way to attack teachers' indirectly. Furthermore, libertarian ideology loathes unionism.
"The quality of schooling is far worse today than it was in 1955."
This is a bizarre lie. To sell vouchers, a used-ideology salesman will say anything.
"About 90 percent of our kids now go to so-called public schools, which are really not public at all but simply private fiefs primarily of the administrators and the union officials."
He must have known this is not true. Democratically elected school boards running schools give parents real voice and power over schools; a voice and power that is completely lost in a privatized system.
"Hardly any activity in the United States is technically more backward. We essentially teach children in the same way that we did 200 years ago: one teacher in front of a bunch of kids in a closed room."
To get this straight, the father of vouchers believes teaching methods in America have not changed since 1795. Why did anyone ever listen to this blathering fool?
"I believe that the only way to make a major improvement in our educational system is through privatization to the point at which a substantial fraction of all educational services is rendered to individuals by private enterprises."
This economist from the University of Chicago thinks we should ignore Mann, Dewey, and history. His religious belief in free markets dictates destroying public-education in America and privatizing it.
My thesis is that the theoretical foundation for privatizing school and all aspects of American society is based on a fanatical faith in unfettered market economies. A peek at Friedman's acolyte Corey A. DeAngelis's twitter page reinforces this thesis.
Screenshot of Corey DeAngelis's Twitter Page April 2, 2018
Ignoring Outcomes to Promote an Ideology
Corey comes from upside-down world. He opens his CAP refutation with "It looks like we have another terrible case of cherry-picking the evidence." Maybe someone from the University of Arkansas and the Cato Institute naturally assumes everyone is "cherry-picking."
The CAP study reports:
"This analysis builds on a large body of voucher program evaluations in Louisiana, Indiana, Ohio, and Washington, D.C., all of which show that students attending participating private schools perform significantly worse than their peers in public schools! especially in math. A recent, rigorous evaluation of the D.C. Opportunity Scholarship Program from the U.S. Department of Education reaffirms these findings, reporting that D.C. students attending voucher schools performed significantly worse than they would have in their original public school."
Because Corey is from the Walton family supported University of Arkansas graduate school, his attack on the Ohio voucher study took some research jujitsu. The Ohio study was conducted under the auspicious of the Fordham Institute and paid for by the Walton Family Foundation. Corey wrote:
"The Ohio program used a cutoff variable – the performance of the child's public school – to determine program eligibility. However, the researchers used student observations that were not right around the cut point and even removed the observations that were closest to the discontinuity."
Sounds like this study used unjustifiable techniques to purposely obtain bad results with vouchers. It is doubtful that Fordham was trying to discredit vouchers.
He says, "The Indiana study was also non-experimental, as it compared voucher students to those remaining in traditional public schools."
It is almost impossible to put together an experimental design when studying vouchers. The last Washington DC study by the Department of Education seems to be the only fully experimental voucher study ever done and it is not likely to be repeated.
An odd statement by DeAngelis,
"The CAP review heavily relies on the most recent experimental evaluation of the D.C. voucher program. It just so happens to be one of the only two voucher experiments in the world to find negative effects on student test scores."
The D.C. study is very powerful evidence that students attending voucher schools lagged the performance of their peers on testing. Louisiana, Indiana and Ohio saw similar results. The results carry extra significance because these new research results are the first truly large scaled studies of vouchers ever.
Some Voucher History and "Cherry-Picking"
Milwaukee's first voucher program in America was established in 1990. Alex Molnar, Research Professor at the University of Colorado Boulder shared this history:
"The pro-voucher coalition has always had a diverse cast of characters representing a volatile combination of interests. The author of the 1990 voucher bill, Annette "Polly" Williams, an African-American Democratic member of the Wisconsin Assembly, saw her voucher plan as a way of supporting African-American community schools and weakening the hold that white-dominated institutions had over the education of black children. To Michael Joyce, the president of Milwaukee's right-wing Bradley Foundation, the voucher program represented a step toward the sort of unrestricted, free market plan first envisioned by economist Milton Friedman. Polly Williams gave the program legitimacy as an effort to empower poor (primarily African-American) parents, and Michael Joyce provided millions of dollars to help keep the program visible and the public-policy pot boiling. Wisconsin's conservative Republican governor, Tommy Thompson, and Milwaukee's "New Democrat" mayor, John Norquist, provided a bipartisan cheerleading squad. For Gov. Thompson, vouchers fit nicely in the general privatization and deregulatory trajectory he has charted for Wisconsin's public institutions. For Mayor Norquist, the voucher program offers a chance to stem white flight–if students attending Milwaukee's overwhelmingly white Roman Catholic school system become eligible for taxpayer-financed vouchers. And for the Catholic Church, vouchers are a potentially vital fiscal lifeline."
The legislation authorizing vouchers mandated a yearly study of their effects. Between 1991 and 1995 studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison by political science professor John Witte, failed to find achievement advantage for students attending voucher schools. The voucher program was losing support and in 1996 the Wall Street Journal published an editorial, "School Choice Data Rescued From Bad Science," By Jay P. Greene and Paul E. Peterson. They claimed:
"The unions tout a study by John Witte of the University of Wisconsin that purports to find no educational benefits from vouchers. But Mr. Witte's study is so methodologically flawed as to be worthless."
"We have just completed a new, carefully designed analysis that finds that vouchers make a big difference."
Jay P. Greene is now at the University of Arkansas. Paul E. Peterson is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and Senior Editor of Education Next, a conservative pro-voucher journal. These two "researchers" and their organizations have a reputation for supporting vouchers.
A second reanalysis of the Witte data conducted by Cecilia Rouse of Princeton University purported to show an academic advantage for Milwaukee voucher students in math but not reading. A follow-up study by Rouse found that low-income students attending Milwaukee public schools served by a state class-size reduction and enrichment program significantly outperformed voucher students in reading and scored as well in math.
In 2009, Greg Forster, a senior fellow with the Friedman Foundation for Educational Choice, published a paper called "A Win-Win Solution" in Education Next where Paul E. Peterson is Senior Editor. The premise of the paper is not only do voucher students outperform public school students on standardized testing but public schools improve because of the competition.
It is a bit hard to believe the spur of competition would overcome the negative effects of removing students and money from a public school. In his review of the "Win-Win Solution" Professor Christopher Lubienski of the University of Illinois stated, "In truth, existing research provides little reliable information about the competitive effects of vouchers, and this report does little to help answer the question."
Lubienski notes that the report is based on seventeen previous studies and outlines many objections regarding assumptions and conclusions by the author. He also points out some misrepresentations of work done by other researchers who were not part of the pro-voucher group at the Friedman Foundation. His analysis concluded with:
"Further, all but three of the 17 reports were from this group or by authors who are affiliated with other pro-voucher organizations such as the Hoover Institute or Harvard"s Program on Educational Policy and Governance. The three remaining studies, authored by scholars at Stanford, Princeton, and Wisconsin-Madison, are the most rigorous (that is, more likely to use student-level data) and find the most modest effects for choice."
"It is worth noting that this finding comes from an organization that bills itself as "the nation"s leading voucher advocates" … Because of its announced agenda on this issue, publications such as this would benefit greatly from undergoing a blinded peer review prior to publication, which would likely identify problems with data, methods and interpretations. Such peer review is typical in university-based research in order to instill some objective measure of quality. The arcane (but key) details in these types of research reports can often require a fair degree of trust from readers who lack technical methodological expertise."
Libertarianism is a Mistake
An Austrian named Friedrich Hayek wrote a libertarian manifesto called "The Road to Serfdom." This book was a bit of a sensation and in 1950 brought him to the University of Chicago. Ronald Regan and Margret Thatcher both praised Hayek. He was opposed to centralized government, programs like Social Security and became a large influence on the young scholars at the University of Chicago, including Milton Friedman. It is the bad philosophy of this economic theorist that is guiding billionaires, like the Koch brothers, and leading to the destruction of public-education in America and throughout the world.
Basically, libertarianism says, "I got mine. You get yours."; a philosophy that barely acknowledges the concepts of social good or humanism. To save public education, we must defeat this self-centered and fanatical ideology whose adherents not so long ago were considered extremists on the fringes of American society.
Tags: Cato, education, philanthropy, Politics, Privitization, Public Schools, reform | {
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The rise in popularity of social media along with new web technologies has presented designers and developers with tremendous new interface opportunities for evaluating user-generated content. One of these new interface designs found in social media today, is the dynamic voting interface; voting results are public from the initiation of an evaluation procedure and are constantly being updated. However, it is currently unclear on whether these interfaces affect the outcome of a voting process and to what degree.This study employed a mixed methods survey as an attempt to try and answer these questions and provide exploratory evidence for the effects of dynamic voting interfaces on social media communities. Findings coming from this study are able to provide support for the "no effect" hypothesis. | {
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Today I saw magic happen. It was magic in the form of the sparkling eyes of children, the utter joy of their parents of seeing them happy & the love & genuine fondness between all the families who were gathered at the Sheraton Gateway Hotel for the same reason. They were all at Bert's Big Adventure 2010 Send-off to Walt Disney World. As many of you may know, Bert's Big Adventure is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that provides a spectacular five day journey to Walt Disney World® for children with a chronic and/or terminal illness and their families. This trip and the year round programs that follow each adventure allow participants to: establish lasting friendships with others facing similar challenges, experience events and venues that otherwise could not be afforded & enjoy the gift of intimate family time together where the focus turns from living with an illness to making magical moments. Sponsored by my fabulous friends & amazing people-Bert & Stacey Weiss-Bert's Big Adventure is really, really magical. For those of you who don't know, Bert is a DJ on Q-100 on the morning show-The Bert Show.
Being involved with this incredible organization is honestly one of my most favorite things to do all year. Last year was my first year being involved (my artists & I do all the make-up for all the moms going on Bert's Big Adventure), and this year I was so honored that Bert & Stacey asked me again to be a part of this great day & great organization as a whole! I had six make-up artists & we started out at 5:30 a.m. working on Stacey and then all the moms & didn't finish until The Bert Show broadcast was nearly over at 10 a.m. It's amazing how thankful the moms are that day & really everyday, but the day of Bert's Big Adventure, they actually get to spend some time on themselves for once. I mean, here are all these incredibly selfless women who care more than 100% about their children & they finally have the opportunity to be pampered. It was such an awesome sight. These women were able to sit back & relax, have Authentic Beauty (us!) do their make-up, and get massages by Corporate Massages Onsite, get their hair done by Aura Hair Studio & watch as their children had a blast. The kids made hats & played with the "Imaginator" from the Imagine It! Children's Museum Downtown as well as played & danced with the Disney characters, and jumped in the moonwalks.
We were all slightly groggy when we got there, but as more & more people filed in the Sheraton's ballroom, the energy in the air really kicked into high gear. From all the volunteers running around in their bright yellow BBA shirts to the Disney characters dancing with the all kids to the yummy breakfast spread, BBA 2010 was a huge success. My children, Quinn & Zach were there, and I am so happy they came. They were so touched by each & every business who dedicated their time & energy to the betterment of each of the families who are involved in BBA. My family & I are truly blessed & I am so thankful for my staff at Authentic Beauty, all of my amazing customers, for my awesome friends like Bert & Stacey & so many other people, & I am so thankful for the other businesses volunteering to make a difference in other people's lives. Hope you had a great weekend everyone!
One Response to "Bert's Big Adventure 2010 Send-off"
Awesome as ever. You are an amazing lady! | {
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After the most recent interest rate increase in June, the Federal Reserve has signaled that it is likely to continue raising interest rates this year, possibly even as often as once per quarter. In fact, fear that interest rates may rise faster than previously predicted has caused some volatility in the markets. Bond investors have been concerned about this for years, but this time it looks like it's going to happen. Warren Buffet said, in his latest shareholder letter, that "Often, high-grade bonds in an investment portfolio increase its risk." That can be true, but then, we don't all have Warren Buffet's net worth to fall back on!
That may have you wondering – how can I take advantage of rising interest rates? And, generally speaking, bond yields go down as interest rates increase.
But remember, while bonds may decline in value, their moves tend to be smaller compared to other securities. Many investors are flooding into U.S. Treasury bonds, making the so-called flight to quality, because right now, the U.S. looks better than other economies worldwide. This means that medium and longer-term bonds – whose rates are often more influenced by investor expectations than anything else – are likely to be most affected. But, there are many strategies you can use to manage your bond portfolio in a rising interest rate environment.
For Treasury inflation-protected securities, or TIPS, the Treasury Department uses the Consumer Price Index to adjust the principal for inflation (or deflation) twice a year. At maturity, the investor gets either the inflation-adjusted principal or the original principal, whichever is higher. They can be a great way to capitalize on rising interest rates.
Another smart strategy is to invest in single corporate bonds. You can structure this based on income needs, and then you're never forced to sell, and can simply hold them to maturity. And keep in mind you don't want junk bonds – you want quality – bonds that have an AAA or AA rating according to Moody, or Standard and Poor.
A third smart strategy is buying single municipal bonds, which are often "triple-tax free" – they sometimes avoid local, state, and federal taxes.
A final strategy is a bond ladder. A bond ladder is a structure where you own individual bonds with, as an example, 20% percent of the bonds that mature in two years, 20% percent that mature in 3 years, 20% in 4, 20% in 5, and 20% in 6.
The idea is that in each year, as 20% percent of the bond ladder matures, this amount is reinvested in a new five-year bond. If rates have increased, the yield on that "new" four-year bond is likely to be much higher than the four-year bond that was purchased just one year ago. These ladders can bring balance and discipline to a bond portfolio, and it doesn't require timing the interest-rate environment. As long as rates increase over time, which they look likely to do, a bond ladder ensures there is regularly available capital to reinvest at higher rates.
Keep in mind that these strategies all apply to purchasing single bonds. But, if you prefer bond funds, you have some strategies there as well. First, look for what we call an unconstrained fund manager. That means that they can invest in domestic and international bond funds. Remember, while interest rates may be rising in the U.S., that isn't the case in many other countries, and they may have environments that make bonds attractive.
If you have questions about your bonds, or other strategies to benefit from rising interest rates, we're here to help! We offer a free, no-obligation consultation. You can schedule your appointment today by calling us at 216.521.1711, emailing us at [email protected], or by clicking here. | {
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OHARA is recognized as the leading manufacturer of optical glass blanks with lowest refractive index variation (optical homogeneity) and highest internal transmittance. Many of our glass types can be supplied in "high homogeneity" form. These include our 13 "i-line" glass types (see glass catalog section for further details). Worldwide semiconductor equipment manufacturers are well aware of the high end performance of OHARA's i-line glasses. Please note, all OHARA i-line glass types are designated with the suffix "Y". The material process controls utilized in our production of i-line glasses are evident in the basic high quality of all other OHARA glass types. Every step of production, from melting to annealing, is precisely controlled to insure the highest level of quality. | {
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On behalf of Tom Speedie, Attorney at Law, P.C. posted in drunk driving on Thursday, May 24, 2018.
There are many reasons people may repeatedly commit crimes. These include addiction and mental health issues, which can sometimes be helped through treatment rather than incarceration. In Illinois, a board member of the Park District of Forest Park has gone to treatment after spending time in jail for three drunk driving charges.
The individual says that being arrested for the DUI incidents caused him to seek treatment for his mental health issues. These include bipolar disorder and alcohol addiction. Bipolar disorder commonly co-occurs with alcoholism when it is left untreated.
The man sought professional help following the incident in September 2017. Several months later, in May 2018, he went to court to plead guilty to a DUI. He was ordered to pay $2,500 in fines for the first offence and $3,052 for the second offence. He also spent 20 days in jail concurrently, as the charges he faced in northwest Illinois were considered misdemeanors. This covered all three September incidents.
The man in question said he was sober for eight months prior to the arrests but fell back into bad habits after losing his job in the same month as the incidents. Along with the job loss, the man was struggling with a recent family death, diabetes and family stresses. Unable to reach a trusted friend for support, he stated he fell into a manic episode that contributed to his drunk driving arrests. Those who are facing similar charges for arrests where mental health is a contributing factor should discuss their possible defense options with an Illinois lawyer. | {
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The Old Windmill is a public house in Spon Street in Coventry, England. It is a Grade II Listed, 15th-century building with a history going back to around 1451 when it constructed around the trunk of a tree.
Name
The inn was originally called The Windmill after a real windmill on Spon Causeway by the River Sherbourne. Another inn with the same name was at number 105–6 Spon Street and so, in 1836, this inn was renamed The Old Windmill to distinguish it. The other inn closed in 1970.
The publicans were members of the Brown family from 1931 to 1975. Ann Brown was the licensee from 1940 to 1967 and so the place became known as Ma Brown's.
Features
The inn was constructed in 1451. One original feature is the hearth of the fireplace which conceals a priest's hole.
The pub had its own brewery at the rear which was used until 1930 and is still preserved as a display.
It was renovated in 1985, expanding the bar area to incorporate an open courtyard and a room which was previously used as a toyshop.
The building has been Grade II listed since June 1974.
References
External links
Buildings and structures completed in the 16th century
Grade II listed buildings in Warwickshire
Grade II listed pubs in the West Midlands (county)
Pubs in the West Midlands (county)
Timber framed pubs in England
Buildings and structures in Coventry | {
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There's a Nigeria release date for Nollywood movie "Sylvia," which had its world premiere at the 2018 Nollywood Week Paris.
A tale of love, lust and obsession, the movie which will be distributed by TRINO Motion Pictures will debut in cinemas on September 21, 2018.
The movie explores the cause and effect of relationships, mental health and the real versus the surreal world, as it tells the story of Richard Okezie, who decides to leave Sylvia, his lifelong imaginary friend and lover for Gbemi an actual human being.
"Sylvia" stars Chris Attoh as Richard, who has always existed between the real world and a fantasy world, which is home to his friend and lover Sylvia (Zainab Balogun). Filled with passion and love, the two devotees embark on a journey of commitment.
Time and life goes on leaving Richard in a dicey situation. He is now faced with the decision on a future and full commitment, either to the real world with its demands, or the surreal world that houses an increasingly frustrated Sylvia.
Events unfold leading Richard on a downward spiral.
Written by Vanessa Kanu and directed by Daniel Oriahi, the movie also stars Ini Dima Okojie, Udoka Oyeka, Lolo 1, Ijeoma Grace Agu, Lord Frank, Bolaji Ogunmola among others. | {
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