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India has produced many great saints and spiritual leaders. The days commemorating the birthdays or the incidents connected with the lives of these great sons of the soil, are considered especially holy. Both the Digambar (sky-clad) and the Shvetambar (white-clad) Jains observe the 13th day of the bright half of the Chaitra month (March-April) as birthday of Lord Mahavira. The birth anniversary of Lord Mahavira is celebrated by the entire Jain community, throughout the country, but it is celebrated with special charms in Rajasthan and Gujarat, where the Jains are relatively in greater number than in other states. Jain pilgrims from all over the country congregate at the ancient Jain shrines at Girnar and Palitana in Gujarat and at Mahavirji in Rajasthan. It is also celebrated at Pawapuri and Vaishali in Bihar . Vaishali is being Mahavirji's birth place, a grand festival is held there, and it is known as Vaishali Mahotsava.
On this auspicious day grand chariot processions with the images of Mahavira are taken out, rich ceremonies are held in the temples, fasts and charities are observed, Jain scriptures are read, and at some places are set up. | {
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100 Dates
Network: Bravo
"100 Dates" follows a group of young, successful New York singles as they search for love and live it up in the city that never sleeps. Marking the network's first foray into real-time docu-drama production, each episode will be shot and aired within the same week. This addictive series takes transmedia to the next level as fans will be able to interact with the cast and affectthe story in ways that have never been seen through social media. | {
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CREW-3 MISSION
SpaceX and NASA prepares Falcon 9's launch of Dragon's third long-duration crew mission (Crew-3) to the International Space Station (ISS) from historic Launch Complex 39A (LC-39A) at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. 1.) Launch SpaceX's Falcon 9 rocket has lifted off from the Cape Canaveral Spaceport in the U.S. state of Florida after several… Continue reading CREW-3 MISSION
Categorized as All, SpaceX
Elon Musk would like to start new university in Texas
According to his tweet, Musk is thinking of starting new university in the state of Texas. It would be a technical-scientific institution with the abbreviation "TITS". "TITS" Texas Institute of Technology & Science Am thinking of starting new university:Texas Institute of Technology & Science — Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 29, 2021 However, it is unclear… Continue reading Elon Musk would like to start new university in Texas
Categorized as All, Elon Musk
Elon Musk could solve the food crisis on our planet, why isn't he doing it?
As a result of the pandemic and global warming, many countries are teetering on the brink of a humanitarian crisis. Millions of people are starving and urgently need help. The world's richest people, namely Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos, could solve the planet's food crisis if they gave up just a small part of their… Continue reading Elon Musk could solve the food crisis on our planet, why isn't he doing it?
Tesla Model 3 becomes Europe's best-selling car
It's a remarkable time for Tesla, the automaker is currently breaking one record after another. The car company recently surpassed the 1 trillion stock market capitalization or received an selling order for over 100,000 vehicles. In September, Tesla has the best-selling vehicles of all brands in Europe, this represents a year-on-year increase of 58 %.… Continue reading Tesla Model 3 becomes Europe's best-selling car
Categorized as All, Tesla
Tesla's stock market valuation is more than $1 trillion and Elon Musk is the richest person in the world
Things have been going extremely well financially for Tesla CEO Elon Musk lately. The entrepreneur recently increased his fortune significantly and was able to reclaim the top spot as the richest person in the world, extending his lead over Jeff Bezos, Warren Buffet and Bill Gates. The value of Musk's electric car company Tesla has… Continue reading Tesla's stock market valuation is more than $1 trillion and Elon Musk is the richest person in the world
Categorized as All, Elon Musk, Tesla
Car rental company Hertz orders 100,000 vehicles from Tesla
Major order for electric car manufacturer Tesla: Car rental company Hertz Global Holdings has ordered 100,000 Tesla vehicles (Model 3). It is the largest single order for the US carmaker to date and it is the largest single purchase of electric vehicles in history – worth around $4.2 billion. The order is the first step… Continue reading Car rental company Hertz orders 100,000 vehicles from Tesla
Starship could be ready for its first launch attempt into orbit next month
It all depends on SpaceX getting the necessary regulatory approvals to send Starship into orbit. Elon Musk on Twitter: "If all goes well, Starship will be ready for its first orbital launch attempt next month, pending regulatory approval" If all goes well, Starship will be ready for its first orbital launch attempt next month, pending… Continue reading Starship could be ready for its first launch attempt into orbit next month
Elon Musk could become the world's first trillionaire
Elon Musk, CEO of Tesla and SpaceX is already the richest person in the world. He is already wealthier than Bill Gates and Warren Buffet combined. SpaceX could make Elon Musk the world's first trillionaire, Morgan Stanley says. The space company has incredible potential. Sources: The Guardian, Entrepreneur
The Boring Company has received the green light for the tunnel system in Las Vegas
Elon Musk's The Boring Company receives approval to build the Loop tunnel system under Las Vegas. The Vegas Loop system is expanding to 29 miles and 51 stations. Source: Twitter Vegas Loop is expanding – 29 miles and 51 stations! Thanks to the Clark County team for the great partnership and to the Commissioners for… Continue reading The Boring Company has received the green light for the tunnel system in Las Vegas
Categorized as All, The Boring Company
Elon Musk helps Bitcoin and Ethereum – He tweet about Bitcoin reaching $69,000 and Ethereum reaching $4,200
Elon is pumping crypto again, some people say. Elon has a sense of humor. The numbers 69 and 420 have a certain meaning, as many know. Crypto fans are excited and celebrate these magic numbers. Elon Musk on Twitter: pic.twitter.com/pCO0wNNZtz — Elon Musk (@elonmusk) October 21, 2021 | {
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Image Title: Slash Prices On Rianna 8 Piece Comforter Set In Ivory Purple Regarding Sets Queen Designs 11. Filename: slash-prices-on-rianna-8-piece-comforter-set-in-ivory-purple-regarding-sets-queen-designs-11.jpg. Image Dimension: 320 x 400 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Camryn Padberg. Uploaded Date: Saturday - April 07th. 2018 14:56:21 PM. Category: Bedroom. Image Source: homestyler.com.
Tap The Thumbnail Bellow to See Related Gallery of "Slash Prices On Rianna 8 Piece Comforter Set In Ivory Purple Regarding Sets Queen Designs 11" | {
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Things To DoEat & DrinkBeer & BreweriesTwo Days in The Dalles
Two Days in The Dalles
Lori Russell, Author
Lana Young, Photographer
December 1, 2011 (Updated March 10, 2017)
Eighty miles east of Portland, The Dalles sits on the bank of the Columbia River in the backdrop of rolling hills. (Photography by Lana Young)
Housed in a former Wasco County Courthouse from the 1880s, Clock Tower Ales pours dozens of different beers.
This mural depicts Celilo Falls, once located east of town and now covered by the backwaters of The Dalles Dam.
Petite Provence serves up sweet treats and savory breakfast and lunch.
Hikers and mountain bikers will find a cache of sunshine on the Railbed Trail at Deschutes River State Recreation Area.
The Baldwin Saloon— serving locals since the 1880s.
Dramatic views of the Columbia River from Celilo Inn.
Ascending the curves of the Historic Columbia River Highway west of The Dalles, my anticipation grew. We passed a massive boulder field and columns of native basalt, and the car finally summited the plateau. The view from Rowena Crest — of the Cascade Range to the west and the grassy plateaus to the east — has never failed to impress. On our first visit, my husband and I both exclaimed, "I could live here!" And so we have — for nearly two decades.
Winter is an excellent time to explore the drier side of the Columbia Gorge. From Rowena to the Deschutes River, visitors with the time and the inclination to exit the interstate will discover the beauty and bounty of the area. In The Dalles, a new generation of entrepreneurs is restoring historic properties and showcasing the area's bounty at its restaurants, lodgings and watering holes. A new pedestrian underpass bypasses I-84 and links the downtown to a 10-mile paved trail along the Columbia River for walkers, cyclists and fishing enthusiasts. Recent waterfront development includes a new cruise boat dock and outdoor event site.
My husband, Bill, and I began our two-day exploration with a one-mile walk on the Tom McCall Preserve Trail through a 271-acre nature sanctuary. Wildflowers may steal the show in early spring, but it is the plateaus, expanse of river, and clear skies that stand out in the colder months.
Ready for refreshment, we headed to Clock Tower Ales in The Dalles. Locals Mark and Chelsea Powell have created a family-friendly gathering place in the county's former courthouse and jail. The banquet room, dubbed "The Gallows," once served as a viewing room for public hangings. Thanks to old photographs and local history buffs, the high ceilings, floor plan and facades have been restored to their 19th century glory.
When faced with 27 microbrews on tap, why commit to just one? We tasted several favorites and newcomers for the price of a pint. Clock Tower's classic pub menu offers pizza, burgers, salads, and sandwiches. The sweet potato fries with chipotle sauce make an especially nice accompaniment to the beer.
After lunch, we walked to The Dalles Riverfront Trail, where cyclists and families with dogs were enjoying the paved path along the river.
Next, it was a taste of the grape at the Sunshine Mill. The former flour mill and biscuit factory has been transformed into the home of Quenett Winery and Copa Di Vino. Owners James and Molli Martin, who hail from generations of farmers in the region, have created a cozy tasting room while maintaining much of the mill's industrial feel. Watch for Mumford, the friendly basset hound, wandering among the tables fashioned from old shipping crates and metal guards and gears found onsite.
As we sampled six Quenett wines, we viewed the bottling operation for Copa di Vino — Italian for "wine in a glass." Thanks in part to James' appearance on the ABC reality show Shark Tank, interest in the single-serving vino has boosted production to 24 hours a day. Once our glasses were empty, we slipped out the door to the terraced amphitheater and the bocce court.
The Baldwin Saloon was our choice for dinner. As the oldest commercial building in town, it has served locals and visitors alike during its incarnations as a bar, brothel and coffin storage site. Owners Mark and Tracey Linebarger pay homage to the past with an antique 18-foot mahogany back bar, brass cash register and chandeliers. Turn-of-the-century oil paintings grace the original brick walls.
Dinner entrees include prime rib, pasta and seafood dishes. We enjoyed sea scallops in a saffron cream sauce and the Dungeness Crab Melt. As the live old time piano music began, we ended our evening on a sweet note with a dessert of Triple Chocolate Decadence and housemade bread pudding with whipping cream and blueberries.
For those staying overnight in The Dalles, we recommend the Celilo Inn, where the rooms offer modern comforts with views of Mt. Hood and the Columbia River. A seat by the fire on the patio is one of the best places in town to enjoy the sunset.
Enjoy the morning light on the hills across the Columbia River from bed with a latte from the hotel's espresso bar. For breakfast, we visited Petite Provence — an appropriate location given that the town takes its name from the French "dalle" meaning flagstone or slab — a reference to the basalt rocks that line the river.
This cheery establishment is a local favorite for fresh pastries, and it has a full breakfast and lunch menu as well. We selected a table with red booth seats, and we scored with the risotto cakes topped with poached eggs alongside Provencal potatoes and butternut squash. The portions were so large that we could finish only half of our plate-size croissant and stashed the rest for later.
After breakfast, we drove east to Celilo Park, which honors the ancient native fishing grounds known as Wyam, or Celilo Falls. Though the falls were submerged in 1957 with the completion of The Dalles Dam, the location remains sacred for American Indian tribes. It is also a future site of the Confluence Arc, one of seven installations by artist Maya Lin along the Columbia River that interpret the area's history and ecology.
At the Deschutes River State Recreation Area, we chose to hike the Railbed Trail, the widest and driest of the park's five options. Part of Oregon's Rails to Trails system, the 17-mile path follows an old railroad bed and offers views of the sagebrush-flecked hills and the river below. The dry terrain and warmth generated by the canyon walls makes this an ideal winter destination for hikers and mountain bikers.
Blue skies overhead, we set out at a leisurely pace on the lookout for bald eagles and bighorn sheep. In the distance, two anglers, hip deep in the current, cast their lines in hope of hooking a rainbow trout. It was just another day of discovery in the Gorge.
Lori Russell
Lori Russell is always on the lookout for her next great adventure-whether in the world or on the page. As a freelance journalist, she writes on topics ranging from travel, food, writing and health to people and their passions. She is the editor at large for Oregon Home and her work has appeared in Travel Oregon, Ski Oregon, The Gorge Magazine and Oregon Unforgettable (Far Country Press).
Featured in this story
Clock Tower Ales
The Dalles, Mt. Hood & Columbia River Gorge
Sunshine Mill & Quenett Winery
Baldwin Saloon
Deschutes River State Recreation Area
Petite Provence of the Gorge
Celilo Falls and Celilo Park | {
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I finally recovered from that horrendous sickly experience I had and am ready to face the new year! Armed with a list of resolutions and a new pair of boots, I feel prepared for whatever 2012 throws at me… hopefully all good! I am about ready to come home to Australia now, to my puppies and my friends and my Dad and my big, beautiful bed. Having taken on school here in America too it hasn't been much of a "holiday" considering I am about to go back to my real school… does this mean I will be extra smart? My brain's hurting.
I am going to jot down my resolutions right now so I (and all of you) can keep track of my progress. I have two "for the benefit of the world" resolutions and two "for the benefit of Isabella" resolutions.
For the benefit of the world: I will try to be more organised and make my bed every morning. This will make my family's house a nicer place in general and keep me on top of blogging and schoolwork. I am also going to try and build on my relationships with friends and try to be a pleasant person, even when I wake up on the wrong side of the bed.
I wish you all the loveliest of new years. Keep reading for a resolution update… wish me luck!
Wearing: Geneva cashmere sweater, Cotton On skirt, Claire's wedges, So ring.
>In adore your sweater and skirt outfits, they look super cute!
And the ring is just so whimiscal.
>Yay for feeling better! I love your boots, they are so cute so is your ring.
>What a fun ring you got there and happy new year, you beautiful girl!
I hope you would like to answer the questions.
I love ur messy hair and skirt.. the boots are gorgeous too!!
>happy 2012! and I loveeee your skirt!!
>what a cute ring, and such an easy-going outfit!
hahaha, the bed making resolution is a good one…perhaps i should follow suit too!
>wow those photos are so gorgeous! and i love the outfit, i have shoes like those!
Your skirt is beautiful, very pretty. I've tried to have a more posistive outlook on life too, it really does help. Wishing you a fine journey on your resolutions!
>most amazing ring one of the cutest i have ever seen! | {
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The number of products and services available over the Internet increases dramatically during the last years and it is already beyond the human ability to analyze and combine them efficiently. At the same time if we consider works in software engineering (and, in particular, in component-based system development) then we can find quite strong similarity in problem description. The web services can be treated in a way similar to software components and service composition can be considered as problem of software synthesis and composition. Basic idea of our approach is applying the software synthesis and composition methods to value added web services composition. We also describe some technical details within the approach, in particular, a web service description language and a program synthesis method.
DAML-S Coalition. Daml-s 0.6 draft release. http://www.daml.org/services/daml-s/2001/10/, december 2001.
UDDI.org. Universal description, discovery and integration specification. http://www.uddi.org/specification.html.
W3C.org. Web services description language (wsdl) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl. | {
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Former ECC President William J. Mariani dead at 67
By Jay Tokasz|Published Mon, Jun 26, 2017 |Updated Mon, Jun 26, 2017
May 2, 1949 – June 25, 2017
William J. Mariani, who for nearly a decade steered Erie Community College with an outsized personality and a working man's sensibility, died unexpectedly Sunday in Gates Vascular Institute. He was 67. The cause was a heart-related ailment, said his son, William J. Mariani II.
Mr. Mariani of Hamburg served as the eighth president of ECC from 1997 to 2006, working his way up from faculty member and founding dean of the college's Division of Development and Community Services. He moved onto a second chapter in higher education administration at D'Youville College, where he most recently was working an executive vice president for administrative affairs.
The Lackawanna native was a graduate of St. Francis High School in Athol Springs. He did not seem destined for a career in academia. While Mr. Mariani was in college, his father, Bruno J. Mariani, a foreman at the Bethlehem Steel plant in Lackawanna, helped him land an office job at the steel company. Mr. Mariani enjoyed the job so much he told his father he planned to stay at Bethlehem and drop out of college. The next day, he found himself working in a slag pit. Mr. Mariani learned the lesson quickly. He didn't again consider quitting college.
He earned bachelor's and master's degrees from St. Bonaventure University. Later in life, he earned a doctoral degree in education from D'Youville.
"He sold tires. He worked in the steel mill. He had a million different jobs," said William Mariani II.
Known as Bill, Mr. Mariani started teaching as an adjunct faculty member at ECC in the late 1970s. He joined the full-time faculty in 1983. He was named interim president in 1997 and appointed to the post permanently in 1999. Mr. Mariani pushed the college to focus on workforce development and on forging new partnerships and collaborations with area employers that would help ECC students land internship and job opportunities.
Outgoing and friendly, Mr. Mariani was an energetic story teller who frequently relied on his sales skills and sense of humor to seal deals with companies and government leaders. "He was smooth and he did his homework," said William D. Reuter, who Mr. Mariani hired as the college's chief financial officer in 1998.
Mr. Mariani was credited with helping turn around enrollment declines and budget deficits in the late 1990s. He crafted a deal with Erie County to give the college greater autonomy. The agreement ultimately led the Middle States Commission on Higher Education to lift threats to remove the college's accreditation due to too much governmental interference in its operations.
Mr. Mariani also was at the helm of ECC when former County Executive Joel A. Giambra pushed to consolidate the college's three campuses into one downtown campus. Mr. Mariani opposed the idea as not being in the best interest of students. His abrupt resignation in 2006 was widely viewed as the result of his growing frustration in dealing with the politics of the job, although Mr. Mariani didn't comment publicly at the time, other than to say he had become burned out. Last year, he acknowledged in a brief conversation with a reporter that he quit in part because of continuing political attempts to interfere in the operation and governance of the college.
"That position was 24-7. A person can only sustain that for so long," said William Mariani II.
Mr. Mariani landed at D'Youville in 2007 as an associate professor of business and by 2009 he was promoted to vice president. He was a close adviser to Sister Denise A. Roche, the longtime D'Youville president. "He was a calming influence and had a very big perspective that was helpful to a lot of people," said Roche. "He was quickly a mentor to a lot of D'Youville people."
When Roche retired in 2016, Mr. Mariani served for several months as interim president. He became executive vice president for administrative affairs when Lorrie A. Clemo was installed in January as president.
Mr. Mariani gave up riding his Harley-Davidson motorcycle a few years ago after a close encounter on the highway. He continued to enjoy spending time outdoors, especially deer hunting and clay trap shooting.
In addition to his son, he is survived by his wife, the former Marcia Granica; a daughter, Dr. Mara Mariani; his mother, Elisabeth, and a sister, Deborah Palumbo. Funeral arrangements were not yet finalized.
Jay Tokasz – Jay Tokasz is part of the watchdog team at The Buffalo News. He has spent 25 years in newspapers, writing on a wide range of subjects, from evidence-tampering cops to papal elections. | {
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What do آپ think about Bihter?
Do آپ think that Behlul and Nihal could live "happily ever after" if Besir didn't tell Adnan the truth?
Do آپ think that Behlul really loves Nihal?
Do آپ think that Behlul really loves Bihter?
Aşk-ı Memnu (English: Forbidden Love) is a Turkish romantic drama ویژن ٹیلی series produced سے طرف کی Ay Yapım Productions and originally broadcasting سے طرف کی Kanal D between 2008 and 2010. It has been adapted from Halit Ziya Uşaklıgil's novel Aşk-ı Memnu, but takes place in the modern دن instead of the novel's late 19th-century setting. | {
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New Fatlace, Slammed Society, and Illest License Plate frames are now available at our store locations as well as on our online store. Get yours here!
When will these be available in your shop here in Alabang, Manila?
Do the licence plate surrounds come in a pair? | {
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Movie Review – Deadpool
Starring: Ryan Reynolds, Ed Skrein, Morena Baccarin
An R-rated comic book movie? You must be joking. Comic books come to life in only one way; PG-13 action/adventure with cheesy jokes, false bravado, and the worst acting that could possibly be found. You take a bunch of celebrities, force them to fit into established roles, dye their hair if need be, spend $100 million, throw together a script, load the screen with CGI, and watch the money roll in. The Avengers Universe has used that recipe ad naseum, and it's worked, there are a hundred new Marvel movies on the way to theatres right now. But one offshoot dared to be different, to take the standards and turn them on their heads, much like the original comic did in the first place. Stan Lee cameos as a strip club DJ instead of his typical wise old man, which tells you all you need to know about the direction this rebel film took. And although the money is as huge as usual, it was fairly unexpected, as what the result; an actual quality film.
Meet Wade, the comedian of the underworld. Not Hell, but the slums, the black market, the criminal underbelly of his city. He's a mercenary for hire with the skills to kill/threaten/maim whoever he wants; being ex-special forces has its perks. But he does it all with a humor that covers over a tough life & tough skin, allowing him to get by without giving too much of himself. That all changes when he meets Vanessa, a girl whose crazy matches his own. Wade falls in love and finds himself becoming sappy, albeit sappy with a side of kinky. It's not until he finds out that he has cancer that Wade questions his new-found luck, finally understanding that life sucks. In order to save his mortal body, Wade leaves Vanessa and undergoes a radical treatment that is meant to engage dormant mutation, basically forcing him to heal himself & gain super powers. Afterward, will he join the X-Men and their fight for good, become a killer for the evil of the world, or go rouge and kill anyone who ever messed with the man now called Deadpool?
This film had the balls to be different and it paid off. Deadpool had the highest grossing opening weekend of any R-rated movie in history, blowing out The Matrix Reloaded, which I would never have guessed was so popular when it was first released. This film though, how could you not expect big results after the surge of excitement that was apparent on social media in the weeks before its release. It seemed like everyone was talking about Deadpool, and now it looks like they were justified in their enthusiasm. Not only was it audacious enough to be R-rated and to push the boundaries, but it gave us a comic book story unlike those we typically read and delivered it in a format we don't typically see. Sex & violence & strippers & brain pulp & cuttings offs of your own hands; this movie held nothing back, and the result was perhaps the best live-action comic book movie we've seen in years, aside from Guardians of the Galaxy.
Give credit to Ryan Reynolds for making a success out of a dicey project; no other actor on the face of the planet would have done. He embodied the character completely, combined sarcasm & grade school insults to perfection, was likeable, supportable, & enjoyable despite being a bit of an asshole. Without him (a guy who has done questionable work in the past, including Green Lantern, which was hilariously referenced in this film), the whole thing would have collapsed and we would not all be raving about this film. As it is, we'll probably see a rash of R-rated comic book movies in the years to come; Deadpool 2 complete with Cable is already in the works. Those X-Men connections are integral, give the film context, and act as a live example to how this style (included breaking the fourth wall, violently killing people, and talking about anal sex) if different from anything we've seen before. The only drawbacks are the reversion to 10-year-old boy jokes, which start to get a little old by the end, and the use of the typical strength-against-strength punching back & forth that none of us like in these movies but which dominated the end of this one a little too much. Other than that, Deadpool is hilarious, refreshing, shocking, clever, and an overall ground-breaking must-see.
My rating: ☆ ☆ ☆ ☆
« Movie Trailer – Term Life Movie Trailer – The Purge: Election Year » | {
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Beginning in 1950, spectrography showed that carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor lines did not overlap completely. At that same time, climatologists also realized that little water vapor was present in the upper atmosphere. Both events illustrated that the CO2 greenhouse effect would not be overwhelmed by water vapor, leaving environmental scientists with the realization that CO2 was building in the atmosphere. This issue led to the further realization that global climates were warming within a "greenhouse" effect created by that CO2. While scientists have come to agreement over the climate change issues over the past half century, corporations within the U.S. had a great deal of influence over the halting of any consensus. Now, more than ever, it seems apparent that global warming is occurring and that the U.S. continues to remain in denial about this issue. Understanding the history of climate change will provide a solid foundation before you get your degree.
Scientists began to experiment with various climate change models. Perhaps one of the first experiments that confused the public regarding environmental warming vs. cooling was the one Maurice Ewing and William L. Donn offered in 1958. The Ewing-Donn theory holds that the barrier standing between then-current populations and another Ice Age was a steadily thinning layer of about six feet of ice covering the Arctic Ocean. Should it melt completely, the birthplace of glaciers would be reopened. The weight of evidence from both American and Russian scientists is that the Arctic is warming appreciably. This could mean that all the conditions which led to the four ice-cycles of the last million years are still in operation.
In that same period of time, between 1957 and 1958, the noted International Geophysical Year brought new funding and coordination to climate studies. During that year, Roger Revelle discovered that CO2 produced by humans will not be readily absorbed by the oceans, a landmark opening salvo that destroyed a long-term standing that the immense mass of the oceans would quickly absorb whatever excess carbon dioxide might come from human activities.
In the 1960s, attention turned to historic temperature changes. Although temperatures had been rising since the late 19th century, J. Murray Mitchell, Jr. of the U.S. Weather Bureau's Office of Climatology reported a downturn of global temperatures since the early 1940s. However, he also acknowledged random variations from place to place and year to year.
Charles David Keeling accurately measured CO2 in the earth's atmosphere and detected an unusual rise. The Keeling Curve is still used to measure the progressive buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere. The level was 315 ppm and the mean global temperature (five-year average) was 13.9 degrees centigrade. As of October 2014, the CO2 level is 395.93 ppm. 2014 is on pace to be the warmest year on record since records began in 1880.
From 1965 to 1970, scientists became more aware of the small changes that could alter climate. The first meeting on causes of climate change met in Boulder Colorado in 1965, and it was here that scientists pointed to the chaotic nature of the climate systme and the possibility of sudden shifts. The International Global Atmospheric Research Program was launched in 1967, mainly to gather data for better short-range weather prediction, including climate. Syukuro Manabe and R.T. Wetherald [PDF] made a convincing calculation that doubling CO2 would raise world temperatures a couple of degrees.
For the first time in 1968, studies suggested the possibility that the Antarctic ice sheets [PDF] could collapse, raising sea levels catastrophically.
1976: Studies show that chlorofluorocarbon (CFCs), methane, and ozone can make a serious contribution to the greenhouse effect. Deforestation and other ecosystem changes are recognized as major factors in the future of the climate.
1977: Scientific opinion tends to converge on global warming, not cooling, as the chief climate risk in next century.
1978: Attempts to coordinate climate research in US end with an inadequate National Climate Program Act, accompanied by rapid but temporary growth in funding.
1979: World Climate Research Programme launched to coordinate international research.
1980: Reagan's election brings backlash against environmental movement. Political conservatism is linked to skepticism about global warming.
1981: Warmest year on record to date.
1982: Greenland ice cores reveal drastic temperature oscillations in the space of a century in the distant past.
1985: Villach Conference declares consensus among experts that some global warming seems inevitable, calls on governments to consider international agreements to restrict emissions. Wally Broecker begins to speculate that a reorganization of North Atlantic Ocean circulation can bring swift and radical climate change.
1987: Montreal Protocol of the Vienna Convention imposes international restrictions on emission of ozone-destroying gases.
1988: Toronto conference calls for strict, specific limits on greenhouse gas emissions; UK Prime Minister Thatcher is first major leader to call for action. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) is established.
1989: Fossil-fuel and other U.S. industries form Global Climate Coalition to tell politicians and the public that climate science is too uncertain to justify action. This coalition dies in 2002 after a major scientific report on the severity of global warming by the IPCC in 2001, leading to large-scale membership loss.
1991: Global warming skeptics claim that 20th-century temperature changes followed from solar influences, although the solar-climate correlation is debunked in the following decade.
1992: Conference in Rio de Janeiro produces United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, but the U.S. blocks calls for serious action.
1993: Greenland ice cores suggest that great climate changes can occur in the space of a single decade at least on a regional scale. This study was upscaled in 2008 to show that each climate change was accompanied by a massive reorganization of atmospheric circulation.
1995: Second IPCC report detects "signature" of human-caused greenhouse effect warming, and declares that serious warming is likely in the coming century. Reports of the Antarctic ice shelves breaking up and other signs of actual current warming in polar regions begins.
1997: International conference produces Kyoto Protocol, setting targets for industrialized nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions if enough nations sign onto a treaty. The U.S. Senate rejected this effort in advance.
Despite the dissolving of the Global Climate Coalition, the oil lobby convinces the U.S. administration that the global warming problem does not exist. A meeting in Bonn included the end of a debate about climate change and global warming among all but a few scientists, and most countries outside the U.S. develop mechanisms toward Kyoto agreement targets.
2001: Third IPCC report states that global warming, unprecedented since end of last ice age, is "very likely," with possible severe surprises. Warming observed in ocean basins; match with computer models gives a clear signature of greenhouse effect warming.
2002: Studies find surprisingly strong "global dimming" slowing arrival of greenhouse warming, but dimming — caused by pollution — is now decreasing.
2005: Kyoto Protocol goes into effect, signed by major industrial nations except U.S. Work to decrease emissions accelerates in Japan, Western Europe, and within U.S. regional governments and corporations.
2006: In longstanding "hockey stick" controversy, scientists conclude post-1980 global warming was unprecedented for centuries or more. The rise could not be attributed to changes in solar energy. "An Inconvenient Truth" documentary persuades many but sharpens political polarization.
2007: Fourth IPCC report warns that serious effects of warming have become evident; cost of reducing emissions would be far less than the damage they will cause. Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets and Arctic Ocean sea-ice cover found to be shrinking faster than expected.
2009: Excerpts from stolen climate scientists' e-mails fuel public skepticism. Copenhagen conference fails to negotiate binding agreements: end of hopes of avoiding dangerous future climate change.
2010: Arctic ice shrinks faster than in 2007.
2011: Eleventh warmest year on record since 1880, tying with 1997.
This entry was posted in Climate Change and tagged climate change, climate zone map, environmental scientists, Global Climate Coalition, global dimming, global warming, greenhouse warming, Kyoto Protocol, oil lobbyists, USDA. Bookmark the permalink. | {
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Can't find the Learning Resources you need? Sick of using poorly developed Non-Compliant "Off the Shelf" resources and need them rectified? Why not talk to one of our Resource Coordinators about getting your very own, custom developed training materials and course resources. We partner with Australia's leading learning resources publisher Compliant Learning Resources, to produce the best quality RTO training resources for your organisation.
The Compliant Learning Resources team of experienced instructional designers, work with you to design a course you will be proud to own and deliver. Using the world renowned "ADDIE" instructional design method they ensure that their resource development process follows best practice QUALITY processes and meets your precise needs.
Whether you need RTO Training Resources for a Unit of Competence, Qualification, Accredited Course OR simply require learning resources for corporate training or soft skills, we can help.
Quality training resource development must follow a quality process. Compliant Learning Resources use the ADDIE Instructional Design Method. By clicking on the link provided you can read about their instructional design process in detail. In short, ADDIE stands for Analysis, Design, Development, Implement, Evaluate. These stages all ensure that proper planning and process is under taken to determine your exact requirements and that your training and assessment resources and developed meticulously to meet competency requirements as well as your organisational needs.
Although Complaint's Instructional Designers have experience writing across a vast range of training packages and subject matter, they always identify and work directly with subject matter experts in the development of any new training product. Subject matter experts guide the process from start to finish to ensure that your new training resource is industry current and relevant. This process ensures that you end up with training materials that follow "real world" best practice and deliver your learners the knowledge and skills required to get the job done right.
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Alternatively, you can view Complaint Learning Resources full list of "off the shelf" Learning Resources, by clicking on the link provided. They have a comprehensive selection that spans many different training packages. | {
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The iPhone Coming To Verizon?
In what will be a crushing blow to AT&T's stock price (and a boon to Verizon's already), rumors are swirling that the Apple iPhone might finally be breaking free from its AT&T exclusivity in the United States and fleeing to leading cell provider Verizon (and possibly Sprint as well). The rumors spring from announcements that Apple is working on a version of the iPhone compatible with CDMA cell phone technology. Right now, the iPhone works with GSM only.
However, the announcement might be nothing. After all, while most of the world's cell phone companies use GSM, there are still some holdout countries. Namely, Japan and South Korea also use a lot of CDMA, so it may just be an iPhone for some service in those countries, but probably not. If I was Apple, I'd definitely make the iPhone available on Verizon, if only because it has the biggest market share in the States. The exclusivity deal has lasted long enough; now it's time to grab some cash, break RIM's back, and stave off Google for a few more months. | {
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Oculus came out swinging at their Connect event this year with the reveal of Oculus Quest, their newest wireless VR headset that's said to offer full-length VR gaming experiences without the cords and clutter of a traditional VR headset. Even better, Oculus also revealed that Oculus Quest will roll out this spring starting at $399.
Oculus Quest sounds like it's meant to be a middle ground between the Oculus Rift and the Oculus Go, offering l wireless VR experiences closer to the quality found on the Rift while cutting out base stations and the need for a VR ready PC.
Oculus claims to already have 50 Rift-level titles ready for the platform with more on the way including titles like Moss, Robo Recall, and The Climb. Without providing a step up from the Rift in terms of performance, it's likely that Oculus Quest isn't really meant to be an Oculus Rift 2.0, but is instead meant to be bridge between the mobile and PC VR markets.
Quest is meant to be for portable, on-the-go VR experiences that don't necessarily require a heavy-duty VR PC but that still need full tracking and motion controller support to be enjoyed. On the other hand, Oculus Rift is probably where you'll still find the more demanding VR titles that push the boundaries of the tech.
It's confirmed that Oculus Quest will utilize a 1600×1440 per eye resolution, which is a significant jump over other mainstream VR headsets on the market, as well as inside-out tracking powered by Oculus Insight.
Oculus Insight uses the input from four wide angle sensors mounted on the Quest to create a real time image of the world around you that Insight then uses to track the movement of your headset and Quest touch controllers.
This allows Quest to take advantage of full 6DoF movement and gives you all the freedom you would expect from multiple base stations without the need for a bulky static setup.
If you're interested we don't have any solid release dates yet, but Oculus have announced that we'll be seeing Quest hit retail this spring starting at $399 for the 64GB headset.
For more on the announcements at Oculus Connect, including the reveal of a new Star Wars visit GameCrateVR game, . | {
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This recipe is based on a traditional Italian dish and is a light and refreshing salad with an unusual combination of flavours. Fennel adds a deliciously aniseed like flavour which goes so well with orange. This recipe is very good as a healthy lunch – it serves 4 people but quantities can so easily be increased to make a larger platter. The salad has an interesting orange and mint vinaigrette dressing. It's refreshing, healthy and perfect side as a side at picnics or barbeque with the family.
Trim the fennel bulbs and cut in half vertically. Retain the feathery leaves for garnish.
Slice the fennel very thinly and place in a large bowl.
Add the orange segments to the bowl.
Put the orange juice and honey into a bowl or jug and add the salt and pepper.
Whisk together then gradually whisk in the olive oil.
Stir in 3tbsps of the mint.
Pour the dressing over the fennel and oranges and mix together gently until well coated with the dressing.
Arrange the salad on serving plates and sprinkle on the remaining 1tbsp of chopped mint.
Garnish with the mint leaves, feathery fennel leaves and a sprinkling of freshly ground black pepper.
Fennel goes very well with all sorts of fruits – try grapefruit or apples as an alternative. Vary the dressings too – a lemon vinaigrette or French dressing goes very well. | {
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Is ECRI changing its story on predicting a US recession?
By Edward Harrison On Jul 10, 2012
I have Bloomberg copy and a video of a recent performance by ECRI's Lakshman Achuthan on Tom Keene's show. A lot of people have been pouring scorn on business cycle forecaster Achuthan because of his company's recession forecast. I suspect most of it is driven by bulls annoyed by his downbeat forecast or by the media's instinct for gotcha with prognosticators.
ECRI claims to be able to call recessions in real-time, generally before they actually happen. Why is this important? Well, as I put it in 2008 regarding "reliance on recession as the key measure of economic difficulty":
In fact, recession is a lagging indicator which is completely useless for planning purposes because most of the damage to the economy and your portfolio is done by the time recession hits. In the future, we need to look for reliable early signs of weakening economic activity if we want to avoid getting caught in the headlights of a recession.
Bottom line: Large businesses and institutional investors need to have lead time for capital allocation strategies. Waiting until recession is on top of you to react means getting caught out and then shifting at lightning speed in hopes that you don't underperform. For individuals and retail investors it's different.
Now, the issue with ECRI is twofold:
Are they accurate: meaning do they make good forecasts that one can reliably use as a business or investment planning tool?
What are the data points they use to make those predictions? Some people feel uneasy about their forecasts and others speculate about what the components of the ECRI's indices are.
I have gone back into my archives to see what ECRI was saying last year since it has been predicting recession since September. My point basically was to find out what Achuthan specifically said about when and how the recession he says is now happening would occur. What I found over and over again was that he never gave a specific date in September, October and November. Rather Achuthan said pointedly starting in August that irrespective of policy initiatives, certain cyclical elements of the business cycle were already locked in a specific trajectory. As Achuthan put it in October 2011, "once the feedback loop starts, it's more powerful than any policy response." Achuthan believes policymakers can only make the situation worse at that point.
For example, in August Achuthan began saying "it's too late" for Obama on Jobs, meaning that the die was caste cyclically. By September, Achuthan was forecasting recession, meaning that the trajectory toward recession was locked down, not that recession was imminent. This is the key to deciding how 'accurate' Achuthan has been. It's in how you interpret what his forecast is all about.
I said in my 2008 post on business cycles that:
Year-over-year rates of change are the critical factor. Don't look at the absolute levels, focus in on the change — the delta, if you will.
Consumer spending makes up two-thirds of the economy and drives the rate of economic change more than any other variable. Therefore, predicting key turning points in consumer spending patterns is going to be critical. [Former retail analyst Joseph] Ellis says doing this will generally also predict turning points in the economy as a whole. The sequence goes: consumers' real hourly earnings to consumer spending to industrial production to capital spending to corporate profits.
So the point of a recession forecast is to predict when the negative feedback loop between lower consumer spending, retail sales, production and employment makes a recession unavoidable.
My read of what Achuthan is doing is through this lens. So when I hear him making a recession call, I'm thinking he is looking at the rates of change in leading economic indicators and making a forecast as to when they have begun this negative feedback loop. It works the same way for a recovery except in reverse. Anyway, that's my piece. I don't think Achuthan is changing his story in the least. At some point, Achuthan started to say recession as early as Q1, something he admits below. You can listen to Achuthan and figure out how accurate he is by looking at the articles tagged 'ECRI'. As for what's in Achuthan's 'model', I have no idea. But if you are a sophisticated investor or business, you don't need to know because the ECRI business cycle stuff is just one arrow in your quiver. Betting the farm solely on ECRI's black box doesn't make good business sense.
And, from where I sit, this would qualify as a double dip, if it is a recession.
Bloomberg Television copy and video below.
Achuthan on whether he can reaffirm his recession call from last year:
"Yeah…I think a lot of people forget what our call was. What we said back in December was that the most likely start date for the recession would be in Q1 and if not then, by the middle of 2012. I'm here to reaffirm that. I think we're in a recession. I think we're in a recession already. As I said back there, it is very rare that you know you're going into recession when you're going into recession. It often takes some big hit on top of the head. In the last recession, it took Lehman to wake people up and the recession before, it took 9/11."
On how ECRI defines recession:
"It is not our definition. It is the definition of what a business cycle is, which was established by my mentor Jeffrey Moore's mentor Wesley Mitchell back in the 1920s. What is a recession? It is not a statistic; it is a process between production, employment, income and sales. When you look at those four measures, they are rolling over."
"It is not all about GDP. It is about jobs. It is about income and sales. A recession is a vicious interplay among output input employment, income and sales. When you look at 2001, you can't find two negative quarters in a row, yet you lost 3 million jobs. Or half the value of the NASDAQ. How are you going to tell someone that wasn't a recession? When you look at the data today, you see that industrial production is off of its April high. Manufacturing and trade sales, much broader than retail sales, is off its December high. Real personal income growth, which does not always go negative during a recession, has been negative for several months so it is consistent with a recession having already started."
On what the relative optimists get wrong in economics today:
"I think there is this belief that somehow government or a central bank will stave off a recession. For the last 220 years, you do some history with Hamilton, which ended in a duel by the way…you have had 47 recessions. Why are we going to avoid the 48th? Here we are in the wake three years out of the last recession. You see this leading indicator. It leads, it is the drivers of the business cycle and it is doing this bumping down. People look it that and they say, each time they throw in some money or do something, you get less for it. I am surprised given the trillions of dollars spent around the world that that indicator is as weak as it is. That is a recessionary reading."
On why the U.S. is struggling:
"We have entered these so-called yo-yo years. We have been seeing weaker and weaker expansion since the mid 1970s. We have not been freaked out by it because the business cycle has been pretty mellow over the last 20-25 years. Until now. So if you have a more volatile business cycle and low growth, you get more recessions and you start to destroy people's ability to earn. In particular, when we talked slower expansion, we're not talking GDP, we're talking jobs, too. In particular you're seeing no jobs growth."
On how globalization plays into indicators:
"There's a lot of things in there. Globalization is part of it. There's a lot of one offs that have occurred in the last decade. The falling of the iron curtain. The emergence of China and India. A lot of productivity growth. A lot of aging of the population. So there is a lot of a factors in here at work. But when you are competing, as we are globally, companies are trying to squeeze their costs. People are a big part of that. What you see is what is alarming right now, people that are in their prime earning years, which is roughly from 35 to 54, over the last two years, they have lost jobs. Net jobs have been lost for that cohort of the American job market and that is when you're supposed to make your money."
Source: Bloomberg Television
double dipEconomic DataECRIForecastsrecession
Daily: On Europe's disintegration and Chinese economic data
Rajoy's humiliating defeat to Merkel narrows options to sovereign bailout, monetisation or default for Spain
Blue Jacket says 7 years ago
Great coverage Edward
I'd add to the yr over yr % change. Absolute values do factor in – debt service based on old/higher valuations effects an enterprises ability to service at lower 'real' levels of return – as well as the ability to take on new debt.
Cahn says 7 years ago
Regarding:
"What I found over and over again was that he never gave a specific date in September, October and November."
Refer to this link on Mr. Achuthan's interview with MarketWatch September 30, 2011:
https://www.marketwatch.com/story/economy-faces-new-recession-ecri-2011-09-30
Please watch the embeded video. At the beginning of the interview, when asked about timing of his recession call, Mr. Achuthan responded:
"Now. … it could be last month or next month. … but somewhere I think it should have landed in Q3 or Q4."
Something like that. Just watch the video. It's less than 1 minute mark into the video.
So clearly, ECRI has changed its story during the last 9 or 10 months on the recession call.
China's doubling down on command-style economic…
Jobs report makes December rate hike a lock, raises chance… | {
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Place a Bay Post Classifieds Ad
Family and friends bid farewell to an SES "King" at Broulee on Tuesday, November 19. Alexander "Lex" King's niece, Sharon Babyack, spoke of his early years growing up in the Eurobodalla Shire. He was born at the Moruya Hospital in 1951 and spent the first six years of his life in Malua Bay with his mum and dad. His sister, Robyn, was born just 20 months after him. Before he passed away, Mr King recalled fond memories sitting on his father's lap while he drove the tractor on the flats next to Malua beach. He also recalled nearly drowning aged five when his dad took him for a swim. Another day, rock fishing off Flat Rock, he used his dad as a tree to escape a large wave. "He remembered playing with an old tin canoe and rowing boat that lived in the creek at the north end of the beach, watching dolphins surf the waves at Malua beach and crossing the Clyde on the old punt as the bridge was being constructed," Ms Babyack said. John Hardie shared memories of his long-time friend. The pair connected as they both lost their fathers at a similar age, had supportive grandparents and mothers and became apprentices. Before Mr King became a building manager, he was an apprentice in fitting and machining, then studied business, refrigeration and air conditioning. "Itchy feet saw him travel to Perth for a three-week 'holiday' during which he decided his future was rosier in WA," Mr Hardie said. "That holiday incidentally lasted about 30 years." He worked in remote areas for mining companies in harsh conditions. Mr King retired at his beloved South Coast, purchasing his dream home near his sister and family who welcomed him with open arms. A quirky man, his move to Moruya, "had the usual touch of Lex logic". "He arrived with his vehicle packed to the hilt," Mr Hardie said. "Loadedamongst the normal range of goods were a number of 'very handy' steel plates and - I kid you not - a kitchen sink. 'Might be handy for cleaning fish,' was his only comment." His membership of Moruya SES was "the perfect combination of challenges for his character traits and a means of exercising his skills in a way that brought benefit to the community, while building some strong friendships". "It truly gave him a sense of purpose and a focus for his daydreaming." Many men and women in orange farewelled their well-loved friend on Tuesday. Moruya SES Unit Commander Chris Zammit said Mr King was an invaluable member. His efforts were vital in rescuing 41 campers from the Bendethera Valley campground, isolated by the Deua River, in January, 2016. He water-proofed food packs delivered to the campers and dedicated many hours to the rescue. He even invented a vertical rescue harness for members with mobility issues. Mr King's family thanked SES for their floral tributes and participation in the funeral service.
https://nnimgt-a.akamaihd.net/transform/v1/crop/frm/mhKPYSU7ZQBTfZ7ZjFhAXV/da4f0cb5-5ff2-4450-b770-d43aa1e2e59a.png/r0_20_1017_595_w1200_h678_fmax.jpg
Vale Lex King, invaluable Moruya SES member
OF SERVICE: The late Lex King on SES duty, rescuing campers at the Bendethera campground in 2016, and with his sister, Robyn.
Family and friends bid farewell to an SES "King" at Broulee on Tuesday, November 19.
Alexander "Lex" King's niece, Sharon Babyack, spoke of his early years growing up in the Eurobodalla Shire.
He was born at the Moruya Hospital in 1951 and spent the first six years of his life in Malua Bay with his mum and dad. His sister, Robyn, was born just 20 months after him.
Before he passed away, Mr King recalled fond memories sitting on his father's lap while he drove the tractor on the flats next to Malua beach. He also recalled nearly drowning aged five when his dad took him for a swim. Another day, rock fishing off Flat Rock, he used his dad as a tree to escape a large wave.
"He remembered playing with an old tin canoe and rowing boat that lived in the creek at the north end of the beach, watching dolphins surf the waves at Malua beach and crossing the Clyde on the old punt as the bridge was being constructed," Ms Babyack said.
John Hardie shared memories of his long-time friend.
The pair connected as they both lost their fathers at a similar age, had supportive grandparents and mothers and became apprentices. Before Mr King became a building manager, he was an apprentice in fitting and machining, then studied business, refrigeration and air conditioning.
"Itchy feet saw him travel to Perth for a three-week 'holiday' during which he decided his future was rosier in WA," Mr Hardie said. "That holiday incidentally lasted about 30 years."
He worked in remote areas for mining companies in harsh conditions. Mr King retired at his beloved South Coast, purchasing his dream home near his sister and family who welcomed him with open arms.
A quirky man, his move to Moruya, "had the usual touch of Lex logic".
"He arrived with his vehicle packed to the hilt," Mr Hardie said. "Loadedamongst the normal range of goods were a number of 'very handy' steel plates and - I kid you not - a kitchen sink. 'Might be handy for cleaning fish,' was his only comment."
His membership of Moruya SES was "the perfect combination of challenges for his character traits and a means of exercising his skills in a way that brought benefit to the community, while building some strong friendships". "It truly gave him a sense of purpose and a focus for his daydreaming."
Invaluable to SES
Many men and women in orange farewelled their well-loved friend on Tuesday.
Moruya SES Unit Commander Chris Zammit said Mr King was an invaluable member. His efforts were vital in rescuing 41 campers from the Bendethera Valley campground, isolated by the Deua River, in January, 2016. He water-proofed food packs delivered to the campers and dedicated many hours to the rescue. He even invented a vertical rescue harness for members with mobility issues.
Mr King's family thanked SES for their floral tributes and participation in the funeral service.
Discuss "Vale an SES King: 'Lex logic' will be missed"
Nerrigundah man light in the dark as flames battered shed
Surf Beach tip badly damaged, reignites over weekend
RFS boss visits Far South Coast, commends local firies: 'We're all here for you'
Bay Post-Moruya Examiner | {
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Mon, 3 June 2019
Meet the Manager - Nick (aka Triggerlips)
During the 2018/19 season Fantasy Football Scout started the Meet the Manager video series, where Joe interviews a manager with a stellar track record of success in the Fantasy Premier League game.
Here each interviewee reveals their strategies for success and how they are dealing with the growing popularity of Fantasy Football.
Over the summer each episode is being converted to audio only and released as a podcast.
This week we have started that process with our very first interview, which features Nick, who is better known within the Fantasy Football Scout community and on social media as Triggerlips, and was recorded in September 2018.
Over his 12-year career Nick has finished within the top 1,000 on four occasions, including 2012/13's finish of 35th. During our interview he discusses the importance of team structure, balancing team funds and coping with the vast array of Fantasy Football advice on social media.
While the bulk of the interview is taken up with non-time sensitive advice, Nick does share his then maverick view of being patient with Arsenal's Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang, who finished 2018/19 as joint top-scorer with 22 goals.
Further videos being converted into podcasts this summer feature among others 2014/15 winner Simon March, 2018/19 Fantasy Football Scout Hall of Fame number one Sean Tobin and Fantasy Football Scout's Mark Sutherns.
Each of our Meet the Manager interviewees reveals an array of different strategies for achieving Fantasy Football glory.
As well as creating podcast versions of our Meet the Manager archive, brand new episodes are being planned for the forthcoming campaign.
Direct download: Meet_the_Manager_-_Triggerlips.mp3 | {
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mHealth for Wellness, Behavior Change and Prevention (2206) Mobile Health (mhealth) (1853) Usability of Apps and User Perceptions of mHealth (702) Focus Groups and Qualitative Research with Users (577) Smoking Cessation (421)
Published on 5.8.2016 in Vol 4 , No 3 (2016) :Jul-Sept
Prioritizing the mHealth Design Space: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Smokers' Perspectives
Andrea Lisabeth Hartzler 1 ; June BlueSpruce 1 ; Sheryl L Catz 2 ; Jennifer B McClure 1
Andrea Lisabeth Hartzler1, PhD ;
June BlueSpruce1 ;
Sheryl L Catz2, PhD ;
Jennifer B McClure1, PhD
1Group Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
2University of California Davis, Betty Irene Moore School of Nursing, Sacramento, CA, United States
Andrea Lisabeth Hartzler, PhD
Group Health Research Institute
1730 Minor Ave Suite 1600
Fax:1 206 287 2871
Email: [email protected]
Background: Smoking remains the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States. Therefore, researchers are constantly exploring new ways to promote smoking cessation. Mobile health (mHealth) technologies could be effective cessation tools. Despite the availability of commercial quit-smoking apps, little research to date has examined smokers' preferred treatment intervention components (ie, design features). Honoring these preferences is important for designing programs that are appealing to smokers and may be more likely to be adopted and used.
Objective: The aim of this study was to understand smokers' preferred design features of mHealth quit-smoking tools.
Methods: We used a mixed-methods approach consisting of focus groups and written surveys to understand the design preferences of adult smokers who were interested in quitting smoking (N=40). Focus groups were stratified by age to allow differing perspectives to emerge between older (>40 years) and younger (<40 years) participants. Focus group discussion included a "blue-sky" brainstorming exercise followed by participant reactions to contrasting design options for communicating with smokers, providing social support, and incentivizing program use. Participants rated the importance of preselected design features on an exit survey. Qualitative analyses examined emergent discussion themes and quantitative analyses compared feature ratings to determine which were perceived as most important.
Results: Participants preferred a highly personalized and adaptive mHealth experience. Their ideal mHealth quit-smoking tool would allow personalized tracking of their progress, adaptively tailored feedback, and real-time peer support to help manage smoking cravings. Based on qualitative analysis of focus group discussion, participants preferred pull messages (ie, delivered upon request) over push messages (ie, sent automatically) and preferred interaction with other smokers through closed social networks. Preferences for entertaining games or other rewarding incentives to encourage program use differed by age group. Based on quantitative analysis of surveys, participants rated the importance of select design features significantly differently (P<.001). Design features rated as most important included personalized content, the ability to track one's progress, and features designed to help manage nicotine withdrawal and medication side effects. Design features rated least important were quit-smoking videos and posting on social media. Communicating with stop-smoking experts was rated more important than communicating with family and friends about quitting (P=.03). Perceived importance of various design features varied by age, experience with technology, and frequency of smoking.
Conclusions: Future mHealth cessation aids should be designed with an understanding of smokers' needs and preferences for these tools. Doing so does not guarantee treatment effectiveness, but balancing user preferences with best-practice treatment considerations could enhance program adoption and improve treatment outcomes. Grounded in the perspectives of smokers, we identify several design considerations, which should be prioritized when designing future mHealth cessation tools and which warrant additional empirical validation.
doi:10.2196/mhealth.5742
mobile health; human-centered design; human-computer interaction; smartphone; smoking cessation; telemedicine; software design
Smoking is the leading preventable cause of disease and death in the United States [1] and kills 6 million people worldwide each year [2]. Despite this, an estimated 40 million people in the United States continue to smoke [3]. Most make a quit attempt each year [4], but do not use recommended behavioral or pharmacological treatments [5], preferring instead to quit on their own [6]. However, unaided cessation attempts are generally not effective [7]. Thus, there is an important need to create new nicotine dependence treatment programs and behavior change aids that are grounded in best-practice treatment recommendations, but are also acceptable and engaging to smokers. Well-designed tools that offer attractive intervention components (ie, design features) could enhance program utilization and improve treatment efficacy.
Advances in mobile computing offer the potential to deliver smoking cessation interventions that are both effective and engaging, in part because treatment can be delivered when and where it is needed. Research shows that technology-based interventions can effectively promote cessation [8-12], and can include a wide array of mobile health (mHealth) options ranging from wearable devices to sensors and mobile phone apps. Yet, beyond traditional text messaging, we know little about which mHealth intervention strategies are most promising. For example, apps are attractive to many smokers [13-15], but to date no large-scale randomized effectiveness trials of cessation apps have been published, only preliminary pilot studies with small samples or short follow-up periods [16-20] and protocols of trials in progress [21-24]. Among commercially available cessation apps, most fail to adhere to treatment guidelines [13-14], are not evidence based [15], and do not include design features that could most effectively support sustained behavior change [25], such as a personally tailored experience preferred by many smokers [26] and recommended by treatment experts [27].
It is too early to determine if mHealth smoking cessation apps or other tools will meet their potential. But it is clear that they will not if these programs are not designed with features that attract and engage smokers. In prior work, we showed that smokers and treatment experts do not always agree on design features that are most important [27]. In this paper, we advance the field with an in-depth characterization of smokers' preferences and delineate key considerations that should be prioritized when designing mHealth cessation tools. Before describing our mixed-methods study, we summarize related work that motivates our focus on designing mHealth from the perspective of smokers.
Approaching Design of mHealth Quit-Smoking Tools From the Perspective of Smokers
In the absence of empirical evidence to inform optimal mHealth program design, it is critical that clinical investigators and software developers consider the needs and preferences of smokers. This alone will not ensure treatment effectiveness, but it is an important consideration for treatment engagement, and engagement is necessary for efficacy. Surprisingly little published work has engaged smokers in the design process [28-30], yet important lessons can be learned from those who have. For example, Bock and colleagues [28] engaged smokers in the design of a text-based cessation program and learned smokers wanted a broader program that included social networking and control over the timing and delivery of text messages. Similarly, Ploderer and colleagues [30] field-tested a mobile app and discovered unanticipated strategies smokers use to cope with cravings and leverage peer support. Similarly, Paay and colleagues [29] engaged smokers in focus groups and design workshops and gained insight for tailoring smoking cessation apps to accommodate individual differences among smokers.
Other studies have not engaged smokers in the design process, but gained important information about smokers' needs and preferences from observing their adoption and use of mHealth tools [31]. For instance, Heffner and colleagues [32] observed smokers' use of a mobile quit-smoking app over 8 weeks and discovered that the most popular features were not necessarily associated with quitting. This underscores an important lesson—user preference does not guarantee treatment outcome. This is why it is important to ground design considerations in solid treatment theory and empirical evidence, but user preferences can offer important insights about how best to do this.
Knowledge Gaps in Design of mHealth Quit-Smoking Tools
Solicitation of user preferences may be most effective when guided by existing knowledge gaps in the literature on messaging, social support, and incentivizing use. For example, it is known that text message reminders may be effective cessation aids [9,10] and may be useful for delivering tailored motivational messages [33,34], quit advice based on expert recommendations [10,35], and support on demand. However, text reminders about quitting smoking may also prompt people to smoke [29], so some smokers may not be receptive to this messaging. Some smokers prefer to control the timing of automated messages [28], whereas others prefer messages sent at unexpected times [35]. Smokers' relative preferences for push messages received automatically versus pull messages delivered upon request has been largely unexplored [31], but is an important issue that warrants further exploration.
Similarly, social support is an important feature in smoking cessation programs [7,36]. Several technology-based strategies can be found in the literature, including mobile quit buddies [9], role model videos delivered via text message links [37], or public pledges posted on social media [15,38]. Research highlights unresolved tensions between the diffusion of quit-smoking information and experiences through online social networks [39-42] versus smokers' desire to maintain anonymity [29,43]. These gaps also warrant further investigation to better understand how smokers wish to use mHealth technologies for social support during the quit process.
Finally, insight into smokers' preferences for strategies that can make mHealth cessation aids rewarding and engaging can fill gaps in knowledge about how to best incentivize program use. Gamification is the use of game design elements in nongame contexts [44], such as health [45]. Some mHealth interventions pair game features with desired behaviors [46], such as encouraging physical activity by growing a digital garden as fitness goals are attained [47] or scoring points on familiar games (eg, hangman, Sudoku) for accurately estimating nutritional value of foods [48]. Gamification is well suited for motivational aspects of behavior change [49-51]. As a smoking cessation aid, game mechanics (eg, points, badges, leaderboards) have been used to encourage the use of educational "quit guides" [38]. Such game-based incentives can be integrated and viewable to others via social media [24,38]. However, others have advocated offering smokers more personally meaningful rewards, such as money [29]. Although prior work has elicited opinions of experts [52], smokers' relative preferences for the use gamification features have been largely unexplored to date despite enthusiasm for their use by developers.
In summary, user-centered studies that engage smokers have proven valuable to uncovering important design considerations from the user's perspective [28-30]. Given gaps in our understanding of smokers' preferences for the range of possible mHealth support, further research is warranted to characterize their design priorities. In this study, we employed user-centered mixed methods to characterize the design preferences of smokers. Given the considerable opportunities to advance quit-smoking tools with mHealth innovations, such engagement of smokers in the design process is critical for identifying the most promising design features for future mHealth cessation tools.
To characterize smokers' design feature preferences for mHealth quit-smoking tools, we engaged smokers in a series of six focus groups using mixed methods, including group discussion and individual surveys. Our goals were to (1) qualitatively explore smokers' "blue-sky" thinking (ie, brainstorming) about ideal mHealth design features; (2) elicit qualitative preferences among specific messaging, social support, and gamification features; and (3) quantitatively assess the importance of a selected list of features identified by treatment experts. Because preferences could differ by age, we completed three focus groups with younger adults aged 18 to 39 years and three focus groups with older adults aged 40 years and older. All data were collected in June of 2015 at Group Health Research Institute (GHRI). Study procedures were approved by the GHRI Institutional Review Board.
We recruited smokers in the Seattle area via online ads (eg, Craigslist), posted flyers, and invitation letters mailed to likely smokers who were members of Group Health Cooperative (a nonprofit health care system in Washington State). Interested smokers were invited to contact study staff to learn more and be screened for eligibility. Individuals were eligible if they were at least 18 years old, a current smoker interested in quitting, could read and write in English, and owned a mobile phone or tablet computer which they used to access the Internet. We purposively recruited by age for three groups younger than 40 years of age and three groups 40 years of age and older.
Each focus group lasted approximately 2 hours and was moderated by the lead author (AH) with support and note taking by a coauthor (JB). We began each group with a paper survey to collect participant characteristics, including demographics (ie, race, ethnicity, education, employment status, income), smoking status (ie, cigarettes smoked in past 30 days, smoking frequency, plans to quit), and experience with technology (ie, some experience, intermediate, very experienced, expert). Then, participants engaged in a two-part group discussion. The first part focused on blue-sky brainstorming about the ideal design of future mHealth quit-smoking tools (part I). In the second part (part II), participants were asked to react to contrasting design options for mHealth messaging, social support, and incentivizing program use. At the end of the session, after participants had considered a range of design options for quit-smoking tools, they completed an exit survey rating their perceived importance of various mHealth features. Group discussion was audio recorded and transcribed for analysis, and field notes were written after each group meeting. Attendees received US $50 for their participation.
Part I: Blue-Sky Brainstorming
Inspired by the future workshop method [53], our goal was to generate visions for the ideal design of mHealth tools with desirable features for quitting smoking. Participants were asked: "If you were to design a mobile health tool to help you stop smoking, how would you want it to work? In a perfect world with no technical barriers, what features would you want such a tool to have?" We encouraged participants to consider a range of mobile devices (eg, mobile phones, tablets, wearables, sensors) and to share design ideas about content, interaction, and communication features in an open and nonjudgmental manner. We also encouraged participants to draw upon challenges in their prior experience with mHealth tools or attempts to quit smoking as they envisioned future designs that can address those barriers.
Part II: Preferences for Specific mHealth Features
We presented participants with two contrasting options for each of three design features: messaging, social support, and gamification. We selected these design features because they represent gaps in the literature. Messaging options for communicating with smokers were push messages that show up automatically on your device (eg, notifications, alerts, reminders) versus pull messages delivered only upon your request. Social support options were prerecorded peer testimonials delivered in the form of stories (eg, blogs or vlogs to passively view) about what helped others to quit smoking versus interactive social networking to actively interact with others and share information about yourself. Gamification options to promote use were entertaining games that are fun and distracting versus incentives that provide rewards, such as earning badges. We asked participants to discuss which option they preferred for each feature.
At the close of the session, each participant completed an exit survey to rate the importance of 21 hypothetical app design features. Features were categorized into four domains: cost and reputation, privacy and security, content and user experience, and communication with others. Individual features were chosen to (1) reflect technology-based strategies for implementing best-practice treatment recommendations (eg, addressing use of pharmacotherapy, providing social support, and offering cognitive behavioral-based content), (2) reflect ways to leverage other mobile phone capacities to make these programs more engaging (eg, gaming), (3) assess perceived limitations of mHealth tools (eg, security and privacy), or (4) understand other user preferences which may inform future program development (eg, cost, reputation). Each feature was rated using a 4-point Likert scale (1=not at all important, 2=somewhat important, 3=very important, and 4=extremely important). Participants were asked to rate the importance of each feature if they were considering downloading or using a smoking cessation app.
We conducted a mixed-methods analysis of qualitative focus group transcripts and quantitative surveys. Following each focus group session, the two facilitators (AH, JB) met to summarize key themes that emerged. After completion of all six groups, the facilitators (who are both trained in qualitative interviewing and coding methods) reviewed field notes and applied thematic analysis [54] to transcripts to identify qualitative themes regarding participants' blue-sky design ideas and preferences for messaging, social support, and gamification features of mHealth quit-smoking tools. Each facilitator summarized themes in transcripts, which were then reviewed by the second facilitator for accuracy. Any discrepancies were resolved during meetings between the coders. An initial synthesis of themes depicting the data were reviewed with study team members. This coding scheme was applied to individual transcripts by AH capturing representative quotes for the themes. Themes were compared across the six focus groups and between age groups.
We summarized participant surveys with descriptive statistics. We compared importance ratings among all design features with Friedman chi-square tests (χ2) and paired comparisons within domains with Wilcoxon signed rank tests (W). We compared ratings between younger and older participants and between participants grouped by experience with technology and smoking frequency with Mann-Whitney U tests (U). We adjusted P values for post hoc comparisons using a Bonferroni correction. We computed statistics in R (version 2.15.1) [55].
Of the 119 respondents in total, 25 screened ineligible, one refused, and 38 could not be recontacted for eligibility screening. In all, 56 respondents were eligible and scheduled to attend a focus group stratified by age (<40 vs ≥40 years old); 16 failed to attend, leaving a final sample of 40 participants (Table 1). The younger focus groups included a total of 22 participants (P1-P22) and the older focus groups included a total of 18 participants (P23-P40). Participants were primarily white (63%, 25/40), non-Hispanic/Latino (90%, 36/40), and had less than a college degree (65%, 26/40). On average, participants smoked 12 cigarettes per day. Compared with younger participants, a higher proportion of older participants were heavy smokers. More than half of participants reported being "very experienced" with computers or better (58%, 23/40) and approximately half had health apps on their mobile phones (48%, 19/40). Examples of apps that emerged during group discussion focused largely on diet and fitness (eg, MyFitnessPal). Only five participants (13%) had downloaded a quit-smoking app before. Of the remaining 35 participants, the majority (83%, 29/35) reported they would consider downloading one.
Table 1. Participant characteristics by age group.
Characteristic All (N=40) Younger (<40 years) (n=22) Older (≥40 years) (n=18)
Mean (SD) 38 (12) 29 (5) 50 (5)
Range 20-58 20-39 40-58
Gender (female), n(%) 20 (50) 13 (59) 7 (39)
Ethnicity, n (%)
Hispanic/Latino 2 (5) 1 (5) 1 (5)
Non-Hispanic/Latino 36 (90) 20 (90) 16 (90)
Decline to state 2 (5) 1 (5) 1 (5)
Race, n (%)
White 25 (63) 15 (68) 10 (56)
Black/African American 10 (25) 2 (9) 8 (44)
Other/Multiple races 4 (10) 4 (18) —
Decline to state 1 (3) 1 (5) —
Education, n(%)
Less than high school 3 (8) 3 (14) —
High school graduate 12 (30) 7 (31) 5 (28)
Some college 11 (28) 3 (14) 8 (44)
College graduate (BA, BS) 9 (23) 6 (27) 3 (17)
Postgraduate (MA, MS, PhD, MD) 5 (13) 3 (14) 2 (11)
Cigarettes smoked per day in last 30 days, mean (SD) 12 (7) 9 (6) 14 (8)
Smoking frequency, n (%)
Light smokers (<10 cigarettes per day) 17 (43) 12 (55) 5 (28)
Heavy smokers (≥10 cigarettes per day) 23 (58) 10 (45) 13 (72)
Plans to quit smoking, n (%)
I am not thinking about quitting smoking 1 (3) 1 (4) —
I am thinking about quitting smoking in the next 6 months 19 (48) 11 (50) 8 (44)
I am thinking about quitting smoking in the next 30 days 7 (18) 5 (23) 2 (11)
I am actively trying to quit smoking 12 (30) 5 (23) 7 (39)
Decline to state 1 (3) — 1 (6)
Experience with technology, n (%)
Some experience 3 (8) 1 (5) 2 (11)
Intermediate 14 (35) 7 (32) 7 (39)
Very experienced 20 (50) 11 (50) 9 (50)
Expert 3 (8) 3 (14) —
Have health apps on mobile phone, n (%) 19 (48) 12 (55) 7 (39)
Ever downloaded a quit-smoking app, n (%) 5 (13) 4 (18) 1 (6)
Blue-Sky Design Ideas for Ideal mHealth Quit-Smoking Tools
Blue-sky brainstorming led to a range of design features smokers envisioned for future mHealth quit-smoking tools. Most participants expressed a strong overarching expectation for a highly individualized and responsive experience: "What if you had a profile where you could personalize it and make it your own?" (P1). Rather than follow a prescribed and impersonal quit process that several participants experienced with current apps, P12 wanted the ability to "...personalize your notification or whatever you want your phone to tell you. Write it yourself; set your own goals." More specifically, the most universal design preferences that emerged across groups were personalized tracking with adaptive feedback and real-time peer support. Both of these themes reflect the critical importance participants placed on support to combat smoking cravings.
Personalized Tracking With Adaptive Feedback
When asked how they envisioned an ideal tool working in a perfect world, the first response from all groups was for immediate physical feedback on smoking behavior: "Maybe on a wearable it would be something that was like a little electric shock therapy thing. That's pretty extreme, but..." (P10). Other examples included having the mobile phone or a bracelet "vibrate me" (P33). Another participant reflected: "I'm getting ready to smoke, okay, well I'm sending a shock to you, be prepared. Something a little more than talking is going to—yeah, they're going to have to do some interference" (P22). Participants expressed a desire for immediate feedback to navigate smoking triggers and combat adaptation. For example, P33 expressed the concern: "After a while I'm going to see if I can get immune to that shock, something to build my tolerance to it just like we build our tolerance to nicotine now" (P33).
In addition to tracking smoking behavior, participants described concurrently tracking the context (eg, location) in which smoking occurs to intervene on triggers: "I could see one being kind of a diary...you would enter when you smoked and the environment you were in. And then it would kind of create like a profile for you, what your triggers are, and help you...just like my front page on my phone in the morning time gives me the news, this, that, and the other. 'Hey [P33], let's go to the gym instead of smoking that cigarette'" (P33). P35 added: "It would have to connect to your GPS" to make it easier to track your location and learn such patterns.
As discussion progressed, more sophisticated and nuanced design features emerged. These highlighted participants' interest in personalized tracking that helps them navigate smoking triggers by giving behavioral feedback that adapts as a user cuts back and quits smoking. For instance, P8 described passively tracking smoking rhythms to predict and intervene before future triggers: "I have a pretty bad track record with manually keeping and tracking data...ideally with an app like that you would be able to give it a few parameters toward the beginning of it, things very generalized, like how much you smoke in a day, what cigarettes cost in your region, et cetera, and it would be able to sort of intelligently track metrics for you and reinforce that to you throughout time and that's the encouragement to keep going."
Younger participants were less willing than older participants to track triggers manually and tended to favor automatic capture of contextual information about triggers, such as through GPS location. However, some participants were uncomfortable with passive sensing: "I don't like...knowing a computer is tracking where I'm going, so I usually leave those off if I can, the notifications of where you are at, because it's kind of creepy" (P18). Some participants found value in manual tracking because it can raise behavioral awareness: "Half of the time we do it [smoking] when we're not even thinking about it. But if we're literally tracking consciously every time we did it...I think that would be—like you're able to do it for a couple weeks, be like, 'Wow!'" (P37). P36 agreed: "To get so when you're having a cigarette it's not an automatic mindless thing; that you're really aware of what you're doing and it's a conscious decision that you're making at that point."
Coupled with personalized tracking, participants expressed the desire for adaptive feedback that matches their changing needs in two major ways. First, participants desired tailored feedback matched to their personal needs and interests. Some participants preferred receiving discouraging "scare tactics" (P36), such as pictures of black lungs, rather than encouragement. Other participants preferred feedback from a real person to automated messages. Most participants agreed that mHealth tools should enable users to select preferred styles of feedback from a menu of choices.
Second, the majority of participants desired dynamic feedback that varies and evolves as their smoking habits change. Adaptive feedback could "help you come up with a plan to reduce. What scares me is, like, quitting just cold turkey. So, like, a person's specific plan to reduce day by day" (P11). In contrast, only one participant advocated for repetition in feedback over time: "If you hear it consistently, you know, you start thinking about it" (P26).
Real-Time Peer Support
A second universal theme that emerged in all groups was the design priority of real-time peer support. In contrast to ongoing tracking and feedback on smoking behavior, participants envisioned the ability to make emergent requests for support to combat smoking cravings. Although a few participants preferred a distracting image or encouraging message, most participants expressed value in connecting on demand with other smokers or people who had quit (ie, peers). For example, "You could have a small profile that you set up and choose somebody that's almost like online dating but you're just finding a quit partner" (P36).
Compared with peers, participants expressed little interest in connecting with their existing social networks (eg, family, friends) about their quit-smoking experience through social media they regularly use. When asked to compare real-time peer support with holding out for professional advice, one participant shared: "In the heat of a craving for me, it [advice from a health professional tomorrow] would probably be too late. I would prefer to connect with somebody right now while I'm having that craving and I'd prefer it be somebody in my area for some reason, just make it more personal" (P32). Several models of real-time pairings for peer support emerged, from a "quit-smoking buddy" (P35) to sponsors: "It's like when somebody goes into AA [Alcoholics Anonymous] when they have that support…they have a sponsor they go to" (P28).
Other participants envisioned design features that tap into a larger support network through video calls, voice, or text: "If there's a big red button, 'Oh, I'm about to smoke' and I hit it and then like Chatroulette it randomly picked me with someone" (P9). Another participant envisioned "a '911' [emergency hotline] and then you just get on your phone, hit that app, and automatically it will dial into like a support system, like a hotline or a person. And you say, 'Oh, I'm ready to smoke, is there something I can do?' And that person will give you suggestions to steer you away" (P28). Because cravings can come on strong and last several minutes, some participants thought automated support might be more feasible than having a real person "on call" 24/7. However, many participants thought that interacting with a real person could be essential for not giving in to cravings.
Participants also envisioned tools for exchanging quit-smoking advice within a social network of peers. For example, P9 described "a blog space where you have the availability to see tips and tools that have helped other people" (P9). Another participant envisioned "a club for quitting smoking through this club on your phone, this app" (P24). In one focus group session, a participant suggested using GPS to connect "in your very own city if you need to meet up to talk about it" (P3). However, participants agreed that meeting strangers face-to-face could raise privacy and security concerns. Yet more generally, younger and older participants agreed that real-time peer support delivered safely is a key design priority for mHealth quit-smoking tools.
Design Preferences for Messaging, Social Support, and Gamification
Participants' preferred design options expanded on themes from their blue-sky ideation of mHealth quit-smoking tools. Their feedback on preferred options for messaging, social support, and gamification features provided deeper insight into their needs and priorities as target users.
Compared with "push messages" sent automatically, most participants preferred "pull messages" they could request in real time, especially to help manage emergent cravings to smoke. Participants varied in the type of messages they wished to pull, ranging from photos of loved ones to chat with peers. Messages that were personalized and reinforcing were preferred by a majority of participants. For example, P5 suggested "a note to yourself, a kind of personalized quit plan" and P36 suggested "affirmations or telling you how much your lung capacity has improved."
Several participants described their distaste for automated alerts and push notifications that they routinely disable on their mobile phones. Participants expressed concern that poorly timed push messages would only remind them about smoking and trigger cravings. One participant worried that push messages for quitting smoking might be too easy to dismiss: "You have to combat it [a craving] with something that's going to be more foolproof [than a notification] because it is a very strong habit" (P24). A few participants expressed interest in receiving infrequent, but targeted notifications if they could control timing, frequency, and delivery. Examples included messages timed with cravings, such as alternatives to smoking ("Instead of smoking a cigarette, eat a banana" P35), encouragement ("You've gone 3 hours without smoking, congratulations" P27), or reminders ("Go to the gym instead of smoking that cigarette" P33). One participant expressed interest in receiving messages from a quit-smoking "sponsor" (P28).
Although concern was raised about timing push messages to coincide with cravings, a few participants reflected on the opportunity if push messages were adaptively coupled with intelligent tracking features: "I think it would be extraordinarily difficult...with some sort of automated message, it would have to be dialed in pretty deep to gain the proper context [of a craving]. Push notifications on the other hand, based off of data that you actually initially give the app—and that's something maybe you would be able to give over time rather than having to keep regular track of any sort of data" (P1). P8 agreed: "Being able to set notifications based on either time or geography based off like GPS location or an address—I can see that being really, really useful" (P8).
Compared with social support from peer testimonials in the form of stories that could be read (eg, blog), listened to (ie, audio), or watched (ie, video), most participants preferred interactive social network features, such as making friend connections with other smokers, sharing user profiles, and exchanging messages. Echoing the priority of peer support during brainstorming, the majority of participants expressed the most interest in a closed social network of similar peers: "Some sort of community of just like-minded people [who] were there for one common goal regardless of where they are from [sic]. That needs to be the only similarity really, is that trying to quit. This is what we are here for" (P19).
Although a few participants expressed interest in supportive connections with their spouse or health care provider, most preferred greater anonymity: "A lot of times you will be quitting smoking, you will tell all your friends because you want them to encourage you, and it's like your double-edged sword when you are doing well, but when you are not you have this guilt associated with it. I am not going to tell anybody because if I fail. But if you have people encouraging you, they are not going to care if you fail, but they are going to be encouraging you along the way, so it's the support without the personal attachment" (P22). A few participants expressed interest in connecting with a quit-smoking sponsor who had previously quit or health care professionals to whom they might not otherwise have access. A couple of participants were interested in connecting with counselors or quit coaches through a mHealth quit-smoking tool.
One participant saw value in "testimonials from people that have quit of like the things that they didn't realize that were hidden benefits [of quitting]" (P22). However, most participants found peer testimonials less appealing than social networking because prerecorded stories can be impersonal: "If it's just story after story, I'm this person, I smoked for...I would get bored really easy. If they were more like tell a brief story and here's an exercise routine, and they walk you through it. I would be more inclined to stay and listen" (P3). Overall, younger and older participants were interested in tips and advice from peers who had successfully quit, but sought interactive modes of communication, such as a discussion forum.
Given the choice, participants did not have a clear preference for either entertaining games or rewarding incentives based on program use; rather, participants preferred aspects of both. Older participants found traditional incentives and rewards more appealing, whereas younger participants described more interest in and diversity of gaming features.
Younger participants described a broad number of gaming features of interest, but mostly, participants preferred games that could serve as fun distractions from cravings to smoke. Examples ranged from simple distractors, such as the popular clicker app "cow evolution" (P19), to more involved role-playing or social games. For example, P22 told us: "I see sort of like a cast of characters, the good cop and bad cop, the stop-smoking buddy, the drill sergeant, the temptress so to speak to try to vanquish—'No, no, I shall not smoke'—some sort of little Sims-type world." Other participants described interacting with other users through social gaming features: "[This discussion] makes me think of a 'swarm' on Foursquare, like when people are all in the same place...adding experience points and leveling up and achievements that you're all basically earning extra credit for" (P8). Social games were thought to stimulate "a healthy sense of competition" (P8) and remind users "you're not the only one struggling" (P22).
Several younger participants talked about incorporating rewards into games such as "leveling up." Yet a broader range of rewards that could help smokers stay motivated to quit surfaced in all groups, both extrinsic and intrinsic incentives. For example, participants in every group talked about loyalty points and monetary rewards: "A money reward...it's not to be paid [to quit smoking]...it's an added extra—it's a reward" (P28). Other extrinsic rewards included personal accountability to others, such as sharing progress with a quit-smoking sponsor or buddy: "You want to input your progress too so other people can track what you're doing and they can motivate you, say, 'keep it up,' you know. That will keep you going. So you don't want to let them down" (P35).
Intrinsic rewards included a feature "that reminds me of the progress I make" (P12) or enables one to "challenge yourself" (P3). A couple of participants suggested tying the design to behavior change theory: "There's like a bunch of different stages of change, and they could measure where you're at and kind of work with you to see what has to be done to get you to the next level" (P5).
Importance Ratings for Select mHealth Features
Following focus group discussion that covered a wide range of design ideas and options, participants completed the exit survey to individually rate the importance of 21 specific design features (Table 2), each chosen to reflect best-practice treatment, ways to leverage mobile technology to support quitting smoking, or other important user preferences across domains of cost and reputation, privacy and security, content and user experience, and communication [27].
Table 2. Perceived importance of mHealth design features using 4-point Likert ratings.a
Design feature All, mean (SD) (N=40) Younger, mean (SD) (n=22) Older, mean (SD) (n=18)
Cost and reputation: a tool that...
Is free or low cost 3.4 (0.8) 3.3 (0.8) 3.4 (0.7)
Is highly rated by other people 2.8 (1.0) 2.7 (1.0) 2.9 (1.0)
Is "research tested" 2.8 (0.9) 2.7 (0.9) 2.9 (0.9)
Is endorsed by clinical experts 2.7 (1.0) 2.5 (0.9) 2.9 (1.1)
Privacy and security: a tool that...
Keeps your information private 3.3 (0.8) 3.1 (0.9) 3.6 (0.7)
Stores information on your phone 2.8 (1.0) 2.4 (1.0) 3.2 (0.9)
Stores information in a secure "cloud" 2.6 (1.2) 2.4 (1.1) 2.9 (1.2)
Content and user experience: a tool that...
Includes games or entertainment 2.5 (1.0) 2.7 (1.0) 2.2 (0.9)
Matches content to your personal needs and interests 3.5 (0.6) 3.6 (0.6) 3.4 (0.7)
Changes content as your needs and interests change 3.2 (0.9) 3.4 (0.8) 3.0 (1.0)
Helps you manage nicotine withdrawal or medication side effects 3.5 (0.6) 3.5 (0.7) 3.5 (0.6)
Helps you track your progress (cigarettes/day) 3.5 (0.7) 3.6 (0.5) 3.3 (0.9)
Sends supportive or motivational messages (eg, text or email) 2.8 (1.0) 2.4 (1.0) 3.2 (0.9)
Includes stories from other smokers about quitting 2.6 (0.9) 2.5 (0.9) 2.7 (1.0)
Includes videos about quitting smoking 2.1 (1.0) 1.8 (0.9) 2.3 (1.1)
Includes information on stop-smoking medicines 2.6 (1.1) 2.3 (1.0) 2.9 (1.1)
Communication: a tool that...
Lets you to communicate with other smokers about your progress 2.8 (1.0) 2.6 (1.0) 3.1 (1.1)
Lets you communicate with family and friends about your progress 2.4 (1.1) 2.1 (1.0) 2.6 (1.1)
Lets you communicate with stop-smoking experts about your progress 2.9 (0.9) 2.6 (1.0) 3.2 (0.8)
Lets you communicate with your personal doctor or health care team 2.5 (1.0) 2.3 (1.0) 2.8 (1.0)
Lets you post information on Facebook or other social media sites 1.8 (1.0) 1.7 (0.9) 2.0 (1.1)
a 1=not at all important, 2=somewhat important, 3=very important, and 4=extremely important.
Participants rated some design features as significantly more important than others (χ2=189, P<.001). The highest ratings (n=40) were for tools that matched content to ones needs and interests, helped with withdrawal and side effects, and tracked progress. The lowest rated feature for all was posting to social media. This pattern was consistent across age groups, with the exception of older participants placing the greatest importance on privacy.
For readers interested in a granular examination of how perspectives on the 21 surveyed design features differed, we include a full list of paired comparisons within domains by each age group in the Multimedia Appendix 1. Briefly, importance ratings differed significantly within each domain (cost and reputation: χ23=21.2, P<.001; privacy and security: χ22=11.6, P=.003; content and user experience: χ28=96.1, P<.001; communication: χ24=46.8, P<.001). Paired comparisons suggested participants prioritized cost, maintaining privacy, and the ability to track, obtain personalized content, and support for nicotine withdrawal over other design features in mHealth tools. Participants also prioritized communicating about smoking outside of social media, perhaps with individuals whom are less familiar. For example, ratings were significantly higher for communicating with stop-smoking experts than family and friends (W=38, P=.03). Further, several participants shared the sentiment expressed by P32: "It's a lot easier to be honest with somebody that you don't personally know because like my doctor I've had her for 15 years and I love her, yet there's stuff I don't want her to know. But I want to be able to be honest at the same time."
Compared with younger participants, older participants rated the following features as significantly more important: a tool that "stores information on your phone" (U=116, P=.02), "sends supportive or motivational messages" (U=113, P=.02), and "lets you communicate with stop-smoking experts about your progress" (U=122, P=.03). Compared with participants who had some or intermediate experience with technology (n=17), those who were very experienced or expert (n=23) rated "helps you track your progress" significantly more important (U=113, P=.01).
Compared with heavier smokers (n=23), lighter smokers (n=17) rated the importance of most features higher overall. Lighter smokers rated the following features significantly higher than heavier smokers: a tool that "matches content to your personal needs and interests" (U=250, P=.03) and "changes content as your needs and interests change" (U=271, P=.03). However, both of these features were among the features heavier smokers rated highest. There were no significant differences in importance of features rated by participants who were actively trying or thinking of quitting in the next 30 days (n=19) and participants thinking about quitting in 6 months (n=19).
Finally, after synthesizing the feedback from both the qualitative focus group feedback and qualitative survey results, several key design considerations emerged and are presented in Table 3.
Table 3. Synthesis of preferred design considerations across assessment methods.
Design consideration Part I: qualitative blue-sky brainstorm Part II: qualitative design preferences Exit survey: quantitative importance ratings
Content and user experience Support personalized tracking of smoking behavior and context (eg, location) with tailored, dynamic feedback that adapts to evolving needs Enable pull messages on demand with personalized content; provide distracting games, social games, and extrinsic or intrinsic rewards Enable users to track progress on quitting; offer personalized content; provide support for nicotine withdrawal
Communication channels for support Enable real-time peer support to combat smoking cravings and exchange quit smoking advice Offer a closed network to connect and interact with current and ex-smokers about quitting Protect smokers from exposing personal smoking information on social media; help smokers connect with experts
Other key considerations Create a highly personalized and responsive support through active and passive channels Target select features to groups based on preference (eg, gaming for younger smokers) Offer tools for free or low cost; keep information private
Using a mixed-methods approach, we explored smokers' ideal design features for mHealth cessation tools and assessed the relative importance of specific design considerations and treatment components that are particularly relevant to this design space. Our qualitative findings illuminated a number of creative design ideas, but most importantly, highlighted smokers' desire for a highly personalized and adaptive experience, the ability to connect with peers for support, and the use of active and passive communication channels. Qualitative insights also highlighted preference for pull messages (ie, delivered upon request) over push messages (ie, sent automatically), interaction with other smokers through closed social networks, and targeted incentives based on user group. Quantitative results reinforce considerations of importance, including personalized content, the ability to track progress, support for nicotine withdrawal, connecting with peers and quit-smoking experts, and keeping information private. However, some preferences vary by age, experience with technology, or smoking frequency. For example, older smokers were more sensitized to issues of privacy and younger smokers were more interested in gaming as a means of smoking distraction. Smokers who had more experience with technology placed more importance on tracking features than those with less experience. Compared with heavy smokers, lighter smokers placed more importance on personalized content that matches and dynamically adapts to one's changing needs and interest.
Although incorporating smokers' preferences will not guarantee mHealth tools will be effective, balancing user preferences with best-practice treatment considerations could enhance program adoption and improve treatment outcomes. Thus, these findings offer guidance to addiction treatment experts and developers working in this design space.
Implications for Future Research and Development
The results of this study have implications for future research and development. For example, smokers wanted a highly personalized experience that included tracking (of smoking and smoking locations) and adaptively tailored content. In the future, tracking tools could couple self-monitoring [29] with passive sensing via wearable devices [56,57] and machine learning to predict smoking triggers and proactively intervene with real-time tailored recommendations [58]. This intelligent tracking should coincide with smokers' cravings and deliver support when and where it is needed [59]. Notably, this type of passive push intervention is in contrast to smokers' stated preference for active pull messaging to control timing on demand [28,31]. Remaining unanswered empirical questions include which type of intervention smokers would actually prefer based on real-world experience and how effective each strategy is relative to the other. These are important issues for future research.
Another design consideration worthy of further exploration is the use of gaming features in mHealth cessation programs. Relative to other design features, few studies to date have employed gamification strategies to help people quit smoking [24,38,52], but one could envision these strategies being used to incentivize participation or reaching milestones (eg, 48 hours smoke-free) using earned badges or offering game play to distract smokers during cravings to smoke. Among our participants, older smokers were more responsive to traditional rewards and incentives [29,60,61], whereas younger smokers were more open to gaming features. The use of gaming features have also been recommended by design experts [52,62], but further research is needed to inform whether these features can truly enhance treatment participation or outcome and for whom.
Social support from peers was also highly valued by our participants, as was support from stop-smoking experts. Both of these are recognized as important best-practice treatment components [7], so understanding how to most effectively integrate this support in mHealth interventions is another important consideration for future research. Our findings suggest that smokers want support from peers "on demand" and most preferred interactive modes of support over prerecorded peer testimonials, such as automated video messaging found ineffective for cessation in prior work [37]. Participants' lack of interest in posting to social media echoes patients' preferences for sharing personal health information on closed online networks that are condition-specific rather than general-purpose social media they regularly use [63]. However, with experience, smokers might find value posting in quit-smoking communities [64-66], particularly if combined with interventions tailored to one's readiness to quit [67]. Open research questions remain about protecting privacy [64,66,68] while facilitating exchanges among social ties through which smoking cessation information is known to spread [39-42].
Our results further suggest communication with treatment experts may be more highly valued than sharing one's progress with friends, family, or even a personal doctor. Congruent with prior research [29], these findings may reflect a preference for the anonymity of weak social ties (ie, peer smokers, treatment experts) over strong social ties. If so, this preference for greater anonymity would support the notion that smokers are "ambivalent socializers" who are simultaneously keen yet reluctant to engage with others about smoking via social media [68]. Yet this preference could create a treatment challenge. Support provided by a trusted clinician through counseling is an important element of best-practice cognitive behavioral-based nicotine dependence treatment [7], in part because it holds smokers accountable. Interacting with others anonymously could reduce the risk of peer pressure or embarrassment due to failures to quit [64], but could also reduce the effectiveness of the intervention due to lack of accountability. This raises yet another important area for future research to determine the effectiveness of anonymous peer support and expert advice provided in the context of mHealth cessation interventions.
Strengths of this study include a diverse demographic group and our mixed-method research design. The use of blue-sky thinking to illuminate smokers' "perfect world" design priorities is a unique strength of this paper. To our knowledge, this approach has not been used previously in this context. It revealed many creative design ideas, some of which were further confirmed as important in participants' quantitative survey ratings. Finally, our comparison of younger versus older smoker preferences highlighted important distinctions in these groups and is another strength of the study design.
The study also has some limitations. First, the findings may not generalize to all smokers due to the small sample size. Participants varied in age, education, experience with technology, and smoking frequency, yet their limited ethnic and racial diversity may have not captured opinions across known differences in smoking patterns [69]. It is also possible that the views represented do not generalize to smokers who do not own mobile devices, although the opinions of that group are less relevant in this context.
Finally, our results only reflect the perceived preferences of smokers' for mHealth cessation tools. Future research is needed to determine if these stated preferences hold true in real-world practice. Such studies could lay the foundation for future work to assess the relative value and effectiveness of mHealth tools compared with other quit-smoking modalities (eg, peer support groups, professional behavioral support, pharmaceuticals, and nicotine replacement).
We assessed smokers' design preferences for future mHealth smoking cessation tools and identified several features, which should be prioritized when designing future mHealth cessation tools. These include making programs that are highly personalized, adaptive, interactive, and can facilitate communication with peers and experts. Prioritizing these features in future mHealth interventions could improve their acceptability to smokers and program engagement, and improve treatment effectiveness as a result. However, the integration of popular mHealth features alone may not ensure a program's use or effectiveness [32]. Future programs must also be grounded in relevant behavioral theory [59] and evidence-based treatment recommendations [13-15]. Aligning design preferences with evidence-based solutions is particularly important for addictive behaviors such as smoking [70] in which design priorities of treatment experts and smokers can differ [27].
Future mHealth smoking cessation tools will also require empirical validation. We highlight several important research questions worthy of investigation. It is our hope that this work will inform and inspire collaboration between addiction treatment experts, designers, and developers to create the next generation of mHealth smoking cessation tools.
We thank the study participants who took part in this study. We are grateful for the research support provided by Emily Westbrook and Mary Shea. Funding for this project was provided by Group Health Research Institute and the National Institute for Drug Abuse (R34DA034612; J McClure, Principal Investigator).
None declared.
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GHRI: Group Health Research Institute
mHealth: mobile health
Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 09.03.16; peer-reviewed by S Cutrona, V O'Reilly-Shah, N BinDhim, K Grindrod, C Beishuizen; comments to author 06.04.16; revised version received 07.07.16; accepted 20.07.16; published 05.08.16
©Andrea Lisabeth Hartzler, June BlueSpruce, Sheryl L Catz, Jennifer B McClure. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 05.08.2016.
This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR mhealth and uhealth, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://mhealth.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
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Welcome to the warped side of yarn! Many folks who first come into the Yarnworker universe are puzzled by the rigid-heddle loom. What is it? Why should I pick this loom vs another loom? Is it beginner friendly? What can I make on this loom?
In this course, I introduce you to the types of looms available to you and why I chose this type of loom as my weaving companion. I then gathered up a number of resources throughout the Yarnworker world and put them in logical order so you can see how the loom works, how to set it up, what yarns you can use, and what you can make. If weaving is on your life list, start here!
Want to know more about which loom is right for you? Take Why This Loom for free.
A truly helpful overview that doesn't take shortcuts on the assumption that you are experienced in other fiber arts. A good introduction for a non-knitter, with simple explanations and links to other resources. Thanks!
Loaded with lots of information and was not overwhelming. As I watched the course I felt Liz was talking to me and in a way that was informative and not condescending. I can see she loves the rigid heddle loom, which is infectious and that makes me more jazzed about weaving! I can see she had so much more to teach me, too. Thank you for a wonderful first course!
Great course, I've learned so much as a beginner, I can't begin to tell you how many tips I picked up along the way. It's great to be able to go back and review as often as necessary. I'm ready to start the next course! Thanks for showing me the way! | {
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There are many books that deal with the resurrection of Jesus Christ. And all of them tend to tie the messiahship of Jesus to his resurrection, and sometimes to his crucifixion. These books teach that Jesus had to die or resurrect to prove that he was the Messiah. The question we can ask ourselves is: Are these books (and their authors) telling us that the only way Jesus could have been the Messiah was by dying on cross and/or by resurrecting?
You are probably familiar with some of these books or their contents. If not, allow me to break them down for you.
This group includes books that profess that Jesus died on the cross and resurrected (early on the third day). They believe and defend the following: (1) Jesus died physically on the cross and (2) he resurrected physically.
This second group includes books that also profess that Jesus died on the cross and resurrected (early on the third day). The difference between books in this group and those in Class A is that books in this group (Class B) believe and defend the following: (1) Jesus died physically on the cross. However, rather than resurrecting physically, (2) he resurrected spiritually (early on the third day).
Though Class A and Class B disagree as to the form in which Jesus resurrected, they however unanimously agree in a couple of issues: (1) they agree that Jesus died on the cross and (2) they attribute more value to the crucifixion and/or resurrection of Jesus Christ to the point of teaching that his crucifixion and/or resurrection validate his messiahship. The third group (Class C) on the other hand deals with the topics of crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ differently.
This is the third group, which includes books that profess that Jesus did not resurrect because he did not die on the cross. They believe and defend the following: (1) Jesus did not die (physically) on the cross and, because he did not die, (2) he did not resurrect be it physically or spiritually. Books found in this group are usually rejected by mainstream Christianity.
Where does the book The Messiahship of the Lord fit, if anywhere at all? Or should the question be how is The Messiahship of the Lord different from the tons of books that deal with the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ?
The Messiahship of the Lord is different in that it creates a new group. Let's call it Class D. At least to my knowledge, The Messiahship of the Lord is the only book in Class D.
The Messiahship of the Lord teaches that Jesus did indeed die on the cross, but he did not resurrect. Instead, he rose from (the realm of) the dead. Rising from (the realm of) the dead, as it pertained to Jesus, the Messiah, was neither physical resurrection, nor was it spiritual resurrection.
The Messiahship of the Lord explains that Jesus did not need to die on the cross or to resurrect in order to prove his messiahship. It also explains that, contrary to common belief, God did not wish for the death of Jesus on the cross. In other words, the crucifixion of Jesus Christ was not the will of God. I know that this may be difficult to comprehend without a detailed explanation. You are in luck for the explanation can be found in The Messiahship of the Lord.
Just think about it. What kind of Parent would God be if He sent Jesus to die such a cruel death while Satan continues to feast as evil continues to poison His creation? Are we to say that God gave up on His ideal?
I have to tell you honestly that writing The Messiahship of the Lord was no picnic for me. I struggled with some of the issues that you may be struggling with as you are reading this description of the book The Messiahship of the Lord. The first and major issue I struggled with was the revelation that Jesus did not resurrect.
You see, I grew up a Catholic. As such, I believed that Jesus resurrected physically for that is what I was taught then. And when I joined the Unification Church, I learned that Jesus resurrected spiritually; not physically. And that is was I believed even when I began to write The Messiahship of the Lord. However, in the process of writing the book, I was hit with the revelation that Jesus did not resurrect, at all. I don't know exactly how many times I dismissed it, but I did dismiss it at first. I dismissed it because, just like everybody else, I believed that Jesus was the Messiah because he resurrected and that he resurrected because he was the Messiah. Therefore, as far as I was concerned, saying that Jesus did not resurrect would be synonymous to saying that he was not the Messiah. I could in no way make room for such nonsense. At least that's how I felt. I considered that revelation to be nothing but a bunch of nonsense. Hence I did not have any choice but to dismiss it.
Do you know what happened as I continued to dismiss this revelation? I began to experience a moment of unrest, uneasiness—anytime I dismissed it. I began to experience, in no particular order, chest pain, stomach pain, and also severe pain inside my head. It was nothing like having a headache. It was something completely different. Annoying pain! Inside my head! This pain was accompanied by a noise that I could not ignore. It sounded like a combination of cranking and ticking sounds. This experience was happening randomly. And in occasion, all these pains would hit at once. Pain! Pain! Pain! I was confronted with this revelation everyday until I decided to prove it one way or another. So I plunged into meditation, research, and prayer. Long story short, I came to understand the truth: Jesus did not resurrect, but he did indeed rise from the dead. So from that time, the revelation ceased to be a bunch of nonsense.
Think about it. The Bible represents Jesus as the resurrection for it is written in the Bible that Jesus said the following: "I am the resurrection and the life" (John 11:25). If we believe the words of Jesus as written in the Bible, how can we say that he needed to resurrect to prove his messiahship? The man was resurrection!
Let me share something before I close. Writing this book was an experience like no other for me. The Holy Spirit was leading me to biblical passages that I needed. Most of the time it was when I needed them, but some other times it was before I even knew that I would need them. Amazing!
I will admit one thing here: I am neither a Christian scholar nor a Bible expert. But I know that Jesus was the Messiah and I believe in the Holy Spirit. And I testify that by the power of the Holy Spirit, not my own, I was able to put this book together with insights that will change your life by giving you a platform upon which you could build a better relationship with (the risen) Jesus. Insights that will help you better understand Jesus Christ as a person and as the Messiah.
The Messiahship of the Lord is written to inspire anyone, Christians as well as non-Christians, to establish a genuine relationship with the Lord Jesus Christ. Purchase your copy today and get inspired. Life is too short! Do you want to know what is it that allowed one of the criminals who was crucified with Jesus to be taken to Paradise by the Messiah? That one secret alone, when applied properly, will save you, too. So purchase The Messiahship of the Lord today to discover what this heavenly hidden secret is.
Writing and reading The Messiahship of the Lord has helped me understand the messiahship of our Lord Jesus Christ. It also has allowed me to acquire the discernment as to why Jesus was the Messiah instead of any great figures such Buddha or Muhammad. I hope by reading this book you too can acquire a similar, if not better, understanding and discernment of the truth. | {
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Hui folk instrumental music
Home Culture 2019-05-04
Hui folk instrumental music is a long-term life practice and cultural activities of the Hui people in Ningxia, inheriting ancient instruments of Ningxia and northwest frontier fortress instruments and their music, and gradually developing them into unique Hui folk instruments.
On May 20, 2006, Hui folk instrumental music was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
In the long-term life practice and cultural activities, Ningxia Hui inherited the ancient instruments of Ningxia and the northwest frontier fortress instruments and their music, and gradually developed them into unique Hui folk instruments. Tang Taizong Li Shimin's poems of "Hu Dun Qing Yusai, Qiang Di Yun Jinbo" and "I don't know who plays the reed and expects all the people to go home overnight" in "Drinking Ma Great Wall Cave Travel" are all true descriptions of local popular instrumental music after visiting Lingzhou in ancient Ningxia at that time. Due to historical changes, these instruments have been very rare among the Han and other minority nationalities in China, but they were still popular among the Hui people in Ningxia until the 20th century.
In the last century, Chinese historians of literature and history have proved that Wow Woo, Mi Mi and Mouth String are the evolution and remains of ancient musical instruments such as Qiang, Qiang Di, Reed Pipe and Reed, which have been circulated in Ningxia since the Han and Tang Dynasties. Tang Taizong Li Shimin's poems of "Hu Dun Qingyu Plug, Qiang Di Yun Jin Bo" and "I don't know who blows the reed pipe and expects people to visit their homeland overnight" in "Drinking Ma Great Wall Cave Travel".
artistic characteristics
Ningxia Hui musical instruments have formed unique performing skills, production techniques and playing and singing arts. The Hui musical instrument "handle" (master) can use cross trembling fingers to blow out the brilliant colors which are difficult to appear on the high-pitched whine. The musical instruments made by Hui artists resemble ox heads and lambs. They are decorated with Hui artistic patterns and lines, and carved with Arabic calligraphy. They have distinct Hui cultural characteristics. Because of their beautiful timbre, easy to play and easy to carry, they are handed down from generation to generation among the Hui people in Ningxia. Some Hui villages, whether young girls or white-haired elderly people, have a small mouth string, while the Hui's Gawa and youth are good at blowing and whining. The proverb "Whooping sings, crops grow; Mimi blowing, cows and sheep strong" is a reflection of the custom of returning to the country. Hui women wearing head covers and hand strings have been recognized as image ambassadors of the Hui people in Ningxia.
Representative works
Blow Mimi
Every spring, willows turn green, riverbanks, terraces, fairs and temple fairs, there is a melodious, almost trivial sound of playing music. This is the folk musical instrument "Mimier", which Qinghai Hui teenagers like and are good at. This instrument is made of bamboo pipe with ring finger, which has six holes and resembles flute, but it needs to be blown upright. The mouthpiece is handled with a proud voice made of tender bark (the best is made of "cat's thorn" branches). The sound is blown out by the principle of film vibration pronunciation. The melody is played by adding a scale of six holes and a total of seven scales of one's own scale. Mimi is divided into two types, single and double. It is most suitable for playing "juvenile" tune.
Qiang Mouth-String Music
One of the Hui folk musical instruments is the mouth string. Mouthstring is a small folk musical instrument that Hui girls especially like, commonly known as "harmonica" or "mouth title". In the leisure time, when the main night falls, women gather in twos and threes to play an inciting chord to relax, or to express their deep and complex feelings by placing their wives'thoughts on their husbands who are away from home.
Most of the chords are made of yellow steel, red copper or silver, similar to the steel hairpins commonly used by women today. There is an extremely thin copper sheet in the middle, which is a loudspeaker. The sizes of the chords vary, ranging from about an inch and a half in length to smaller ones. When playing, the sound reed is gently moved by the tip of the tongue or finger in the mouth string, and the interval and volume are controlled by the change of the mouth shape and the amount of breath.
There are two kinds of mouth strings, one is made of iron and the other is made of bamboo. Tinkou strings are also found in other nationalities, and bamboo strings are more common among Hui girls.
Bamboo chord, as its name implies, is cut with bamboo. It looks simple, but it pays attention to craft. Generally good mouth chords are made of bamboo, cut into about five inches, fry them in a frying pan, and then take them out and carefully cut them with a knife. The chords made in this way are bright and smooth, strong and durable, and are not easy to crack. From the effect point of view, the volume is moderate, crisp and soft.
The bamboo chords made by Hui girls are generally three inches long and one head is small. When playing, the left hand holds the tip of the chord and gently holds one end of the tongue spring between the lips. The middle finger and the thumb of the right hand hold the other end of the silk spike and pull it evenly, which makes the chord spring produce a special charming sound of "grunt, grunt".
There is no obvious intonation in the chord of the mouth. It is mainly through the shape, strength and rhythm of the mouth that the girl expresses her feelings of joy, anger, sorrow and music.
Hui girls usually carry their beloved mouth chords with them. Hui girls in the southern mountain areas of Ningxia also like to use them as decorations, tied to the second button on their chest, and bounce up whenever they have a chance. Some sat alone at home to relieve depression; others sat together to express their feelings and amuse each other; others sat in groups to compete with each other, playing harmony familiar to both Hui men and women. Such as pearl roll-up curtain, camel bell, five elder brothers sheep, foot song and so on.
There are many legends about mouth chords among Hui people. There is a story in Liupanshan area of Ningxia. Earlier, a wealthy man saw a very beautiful and targeted Hui girl. He wanted to force her to marry. If the girl refused, the wealthy man dug her eyes and made her mute. The girl made a chord of bamboo and accused the young people and villagers of the sins of the rich. Later, in memory of her, the girls made a chord.
In the past, Hui women were not allowed to go out, to sing and dance, or to go out and talk about love on their own because of religious restrictions. They are often confined at home, depressed and depressed, so they use the chord to relieve their worries. The days of the Hui people are getting more and more prosperous. When the Hui girls are happy, they play with their mouthstrings to amuse them. Some of them take the bullet string as the trumpet and go out with their boyfriends.
Nu Tau
The Hui people also have a favorite musical instrument called Niutou Qiang, commonly known as "wow" or "mud chop", which is a small folk musical instrument made of strong and durable yellow clay. In ancient times, it was called "Qiang". According to the historical records, "Cheng, an ancient wind instrument made of pottery. Big as goose eggs, shaped like a weighing hammer, top pointed flat hollow, top hole for the blower, front four holes, back three holes. In the early feudal period, this kind of musical instrument was used in court orchestras, which gradually disappeared and was rarely seen in folk performances.
In the long-term coexistence and cultural exchanges with other nationalities, the Hui people, inspired by other nationalities playing musical instruments, according to the basic principles of ancient "Qiang", combined with the customs and habits of their own nationalities, have created the unique folk musical instrument "Niutou" of the Hui nationality in practice, which has been handed down from generation to generation.
Niutoucheng is easy to make, easy to get materials and popular. Children aged seven to eight to eleven or twelve in Hui communities all like to play with clay to make "Niutouqiang". As long as they have time, they dig a piece of clay in riverside and canal soil, mix and knead it with water to form a ball of clay, then make it into various shapes, such as round, egg-shaped, butterfly-shaped, fish-shaped, cowhead-shaped, etc. After drying, they drill several small holes with a thick wire or a rough bleaching stalk. There is a blower with four small mouths pressed by hands. Some competitive children also use oil to polish the "mud whine" shape smooth and shiny, and some are put into brick kilns to burn, which is strong, durable and good-looking.
Niutou Long, with a range of five degrees and a scale of 12345, can play some simple and slow tunes, such as "North Wind Blows", "Chinese Cabbage" and Hui folk minor. It can also be used to make bird calls. When some young Hui people in rural areas date, the men first blow "Niutou" near the woman's home, while the women play "mouth string" to him, and the two men go out to meet.
In 1984, at the performance of folk artists in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Ding Chengcai, an old Hui artist, played a piece of music with the flavor of "Koran" by the Hui people with Niu Tau Long, which was unique and refreshing. However, due to the narrow vocal range of Niutoucheng, it is difficult to accompany and ensemble because it can not express fast tunes. In order to bring Niutou Long onto the stage, Ningxia musician Feng Huiyun has developed a new type of Niutou Long, which has a circular top, a narrow top, a wide bottom and a conical mouthpiece, on the basis of the Hui folk Niutou Long. This kind of Niutou Long has been increased from five to twelve. In this way, the mouth can be blown out of the fifth tone, plus the eleventh tone of the hole, can play and solo the general music of ancient, modern and foreign. Has been moved to the stage, deeply loved by the Hui people.
Inheritance significance
In recent decades, due to the influence of people's lifestyle changes and other factors, the social soil for the survival of Ningxia Hui instrumental music is rapidly disappearing, and the instrumental music inheritance is facing a crisis. The older generation of artists have changed their careers, many young people have no idea what words, mimi, whoops are. In order to protect Ningxia Hui folk instrumental music effectively, we should establish protection mechanism and corresponding system as soon as possible, strengthen propaganda, and strive for wider attention of the whole society.
The state attaches great importance to the protection of intangible cultural heritage. On May 20, 2006, Hui folk instrumental music was approved by the State Council and listed in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.
Prev:Hui Banquet Song
Next:Hui Folk Stories
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Beijing Roast DuckPeking duck
sate noodles
Pork stomach stewed chicken
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Guangzhou soup
Boiled yellow croaker | {
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A probably unintended consequence of Chris Hedges' "America the Illiterate" column for Truthdig, is that it has inspired a prodigious level of literacy among those who decided to comment on it. Thus, there are times when reading these comments feels like sitting in on a graduate seminar in philosophy, which is why early stages of the discussion have prompted some of my own posts to this blog. Since such reading interests me far more than Black Friday, I wanted to address a few points that seem to have settled into the discourse alongside the Thanksgiving turkey.
Consider the following well-ruminated passage in a comment from "Anarcissie," which could well have been the product of a satisfying meal:
I find the first sentences of the Tractatus profoundly mystical: "The World is all that is the case." ("Die Welt ist alles, das is der Fall.") When we say that X "is the case" we mean that X is a correct statement. Assuming that the German means the same as the English, then W. is saying that the world (whatever that is) is made up of correct statements—a patent absurdity, it seems. Then he goes on to say the world is composed of facts. So one wonders what W. was up to there.
What I find particularly interesting about this reading it that it nice sets the context for Ludwig Wittgenstein, himself, wondering that he "was up to there!" It would probably even be safe to say that the wondering had begun before the Tractatus had been approved as his doctoral thesis. By the time we get to the speculations in Philosophical Investigations, that foundation of facts as the compositional elements of the world has dissolved into what may be called a radically counter-analytical practice of language games. At the risk of carrying Wittgenstein's ball farther than he might have dared, one might say that the world is that which emerges through our conversations. Ironically, there are seeds of this thinking in Plato's "Theaetetus," that wonderful account of the failure to define the concept of knowledge. We do not emerge from the other end of this dialogue with a definition; but we have discovered that knowledge is tightly coupled to several other equally elusive concepts, the most important being, memory, description, and being itself. One might say that the lesson of Philosophical Investigations is that both the "being of the world" and being-in-the-world are emergent properties of the descriptions we exchange in our language games.
This provides as an interesting perspective on a passage from a comment subsequently submitted by "Shenonymous:"
Physicist Paul Davies said something to the effect that It is an illusion to believe that time flows. "This is because, in fact, time does not flow at all." Davies quotes J.J.C. Smart, an Australian philosopher, who once wrote: "Talk of the flow of time or the advance of consciousness is a dangerous metaphor that must be taken literally...Certainly we feel that time flows. This feeling arises out of metaphysical confusion…It is an illusion." Agreeing with Smart, Davies adds:
"In other words, the 'river' of time is not really there. That may seem as
absurd as claiming that material objects are not really there, but Smart is
on firmer ground on this one…Since Einstein, physicists have generally
rejected the notion that events "happen" as opposed to merely exist in the four-dimensional spacetime continuum.
Shenonymous then reinforced this perspective with the following passage from Plato's "Timaeus:"
They are all parts of time, and the past and future are created species of time, which we unconsciously but wrongly transfer to the eternal essence; for we say that he "was," he "is," he "will be," but the truth is that "is" alone is properly attributed to him, and that "was" and "will be" only to be spoken of becoming in time, for they are motions, but that which is immovably the same cannot become older or younger by time, nor ever did or has become, or hereafter will be, older or younger, nor is subject at all to any of those states which affect moving and sensible things and of which generation is the cause. These are the forms of time, which imitates eternity and revolves according to a law of number. Moreover, when we say that what has become is become and what becomes is becoming, and that what will become is about to become and that the non-existent is non-existent-all these are inaccurate modes of expression.
When you think about it, however, this passage has an interesting reductio ad absurdum, which is that, for all intents and purposes, we should be able to manage very well in a language consisting entirely of noun phrases. (Alain Robbe-Grillet put this to the test in his novel Jealousy.) Nevertheless, the boots-on-the-ground reality is that most (not necessarily all) of the languages in which conversations are conducted have not only verbs but also a rather sophisticated verb grammar whose structure is radically different from the grammar of noun phrases. Whether or not, from an analytical perspective, the flow of time is an illusion, I still have to wonder why it is that the language games we play over time have cultivated such a sophisticated grammar!
So let me put aside all of those great minds cited in the comments of Truthdig and offer a few morsels of my own thoughts. Most of these philosophical engagements are grounded in the world as we find it (thanks to Wittgenstein) through sensory perception; and most discussions of sensory perception begin with vision. The thing about vision is that any "object of perception" can be frozen in an instant of time (as it is when we "document" it in a photograph). The problem is that our understanding of visual perception is a poor foundation for our study of auditory perception, simply because sound cannot be so "frozen." At any instant of time, there cannot be a sound; one cannot even describe a sound (by, say, Fourier analysis) without having a sample of it in a time interval. I thus have a lot of trouble dismissing the flow of time as "a dangerous metaphor," since, without that flow there would be no auditory signals! For further details I would refer curious readers to Husserl's Phenomenology of Time-Consciousness. He did not get all the hard details of physics quite right, but his finger was pointing in the right direction!
Labels: action, being, communication, consciousness, description, knowledge, literature, memory, perception, philosophy, time, verb
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False VÉRITÉ
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Justice Defied
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No Bretton Woods
Wild(e) SALOME
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Communication and Etiquette
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Living with the Mess
Negotiating the World
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HD ATOMIC
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More Beethoven and Chopin … but with a Difference!
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Further Aspects of a Theory of Listening to Music | {
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New Book - RAF Ferry Command
5th August 2021, 13:53
Pleased to announce the publication of my new book North Atlantic Crossroads: The Royal Air Force Ferry Command Gander Unit, 1940-1946.
Rear cover blurb: "Gander was a bustling hub of aviation during the Second World War as thousands of bombers passed through on their way to Britain. In North Atlantic Crossroads, the challenges and hazards of transatlantic ferrying come alive. Tales of search and rescue, aircraft salvage, medevac missions, and VIP visits highlight the activities of the Ferry Command Gander unit, notably the work of its aircraft maintenance department, headed by the incomparable John Joseph "Joe" Gilmore. Postwar, the boom in commercial air travel transformed Gander, setting the airport on its way to becoming the crossroads of the North Atlantic."
Contains fifty photos, more than 600 endnotes, bibliography, and index.
https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/1999000021
https://www.amazon.ca/dp/1999000021
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1999000021
https://www.amazon.com.au/dp/1999000021
For more details and contact information visit: https://crossroadsoftheworld.ca/
Thanks, and all the best!
Darrell Hillier
robstitt
Re: New Book - RAF Ferry Command
Darrell's book is a 'must' for anyone interested in RAF Ferry Command and what it took to establish and maintain Gander as a key departure point for thousands of vital transatlantic ferry flights. Filled with local anecdotes, trials and triumphs, it's the perfect what-it-was-to-be-there complement to Ocean Bridge. | {
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First it was Park Hyatt. Then it was Ritz-Carlton. Now it's Six Senses.
St Kitts is quickly becoming the Caribbean's next luxury hotspot.
Range Developments, the developer of the highly-acclaimed Park Hyatt St Kitts, has announced the new Six Senses St Kitts, slated to debut on the island in 2021.
The resort will be set on a 41-acre site of a former sugar cane plantation on the western side of St Kitts in the La Vallee area.
Six Senses St Kitts will feature 70 "pool villas" and a "Retreat," along with, of course, a signature Six Senses Spa.
The news comes a month after Ritz-Carlton announced plans for a 125-room St Kitts resort, set, like the Park Hyatt, on the island's lush southeastern peninsula.
Those two properties, along with the boutique Belle Mont Farm and the Six Senses, will add up to one of the Caribbean's leading concentrations of luxury hotel properties.
This will be Six Senses' first hotel in the Caribbean.
The project will create approximately 300 jobs during construction, and several hundred more once the property becomes operational. | {
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NEXCOM Adopts IDT's Distributed Power Management IC for IoT and Industrial Computing Solutions | Integrated Device Technology, Inc.
SAN JOSE, Calif., Sept. 26, 2018/PRNewswire/ -- Integrated Device Technology, Inc. (IDT) (NASDAQ: IDTI) today announced that NEXCOM, a global provider of IoT automation solutions and cloud-enabled services, selected IDT's distributed power management ICs for numerous industrial, factory automation and IoT products, such as industrial PCs, high performance point-of-sales (POS) terminals and IP cameras. IDT's innovative distributed power architecture enables an unparalleled system power scalability that allows customers to reuse the same power subsystem design across a diverse range of products.
"IDT's proprietary distributed power solution offers a compelling combination of functionality, flexibility and ease-of-use that allows NEXCOM to offer a wide range of IoT and industrial computing solutions with fast time-to-market," said Peter Yang, general manager of NEXCOM.
The combination of IDT's highly programmable multi-channel power management ICs (PMIC) and proprietary distributed power units (DPUs) allows system designers to adapt the same base power subsystem into different requirements simply by adding or removing DPUs on each power rail. This modular power scaling capability provides customers with design flexibility to reduce development cycle time and cost.
"The adoption of IDT's distributed power solutions in a family of advanced industrial and IoT products from NEXCOM demonstrates IDT's ability to offer a one-size-fits-all power solution that does not compromise performance or incur extra costs," said Sean Fan, senior vice president and general manager, computing and communications group at IDT. "IDT is committed to continuously innovating to bring differentiated power solutions covering diverse products spanning the entire range from the edge to the cloud." | {
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Here is a printable listing of the objects I used to create this home. You can also use this on line as a shopping list , each site will open up in a new window.
Outdoor Lamp & For Sale/Sold sign -- Sims Plus!
Blue Rose bushes -- ??
I download A LOT of stuff, so there are some things that I may not know where I got them from. If I missed something or one of your objects is listed above with out credit, e-mail me : [email protected] and I will add the info to the list! | {
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The Nevada Limited Liability Company is a blend between a partnership and a corporation combining the best attributes of both.
You get the tax treatment and ease of management of the partnership and the limited liability protection of the corporation.
The Nevada LLC has the flexibility to be taxed as pass-through partnership or like a corporation.
Owners of the LLC, called members, get full limited liability protection from personally being responsible for the actions or debts of the LLC – within limits just like the corporation.
Nevada LLCs do not have the long and sometimes burdensome history of the Nevada corporation that has not changed significantly in hundreds of years. You will not have to manage all the requirements that Nevada corporations do including annual meetings, notices for those meetings, and formal voting that will ultimately have to be recorded within the corporate record book.
Sole Proprietorship: If your Nevada LLC has only one member (not recommended), the IRS will deem it a disregarded entity. A single member LLC, disregarded entity, will be taxed as a Sole Proprietor.
Partnership: If your Nevada LLC has more than one member (recommended), the IRS will allow partnership taxation or pass through taxation.
C or S Corp: You can elect to be taxed as a normal C Corporation or even an S Corporation. | {
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After winning the Northampton Magistrates Mock Trial Competition in March, students from the school took part in the Regional Final this Saturday 17th May 2008, again at Northampton Magistrates Court.
The competition involves the students having to prepare a case and then perform it against two other schools, defending in one and then prosecuting in another. Our team was more nervous this time around, probably because we all knew that the quality of the opposition was going to be extremely high.
Come the time of the competition, once again our students demonstrated how much nerve and talent they had by performing in front of a crowd of people and arguing our cases with gusto. In both cases we got the verdicts that we wanted but this didn't mean that we had got the judges vote.
As the competition ended all the schools gathered round to hear the judges scoring. We had won the first trial with all three judges voting for us. Unfortunately, we lost the second trial with the judges voting 2 to 1 in favour of the other school. When all the results were added up, only one school had won both trials and so they therefore went through to the National Final.
The team left feeling a little bit disappointed as they had put in enormous amounts of effort in order to get this far and naturally felt a little bit disappointed. But overall, they will look back on the competition and should feel an immense amount of pride and satisfaction. Coming third in the Regional Final after winning the local heat was an excellent achievement especially considering it was the school's first time in entering the competition.
Mr McCormack and Mr Dallas are immensely proud of the whole team and we look forward to trying to go even further next year.
The rest of the team – relieved it's over! | {
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Short on time? Let red-pepper sellers contact you.
These unique red Kampot peppercorns produce a moderate heat that gradually builds in the mouth. Intense, flavorful and complex, these peppercorns pair beautifully with pasta, poultry, produce and pastries Harvested when the fruit is fully mature and has taken a red colour on the vine. The peppercorns are sun-dried for a few days and acquire a black colour with a deep maroon taint. This pungent pepper is very rare. Pepper is best purchased as whole peppercorns, as freshly ground pepper is vastly superior to the ready ground powder. Whole peppercorns retain their flavour indefinitely but quickly lose their aroma and heat after grinding. Peppercorns can be easily ground in a pepper mill or pestle and mortar, and is best ground directly onto food. With hot food it is best to add pepper well towards the end of the cooking process, to preserve its aroma. Peppercorns are seasonal with harvesting taking place from February to May.
In Ayurvedic practices, pepper is added to tonics for treating cold and cough. Pepper also provides relief from sinusitis and nasal congestion. It has an expectorant property that helps break up the mucus and phlegm depositions in the respiratory tract. Its natural irritant quality helps you expel these loosened materials through the act of sneezing or coughing, which eliminates the material from the body and helps you recover from infection or illness that caused the deposition in the first place. Soups and stews made with black pepper and other aromatic spices are often used to treat colds and coughs. | {
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Destruction Turnaround: A Listen to Mess By The Super Late Night
For the night owls among us, there's nothing better than the navy blue moments of mystery, stillness and things we can't repeat in the harsh light of day. Bottling the creativity caught in those hours is Manchester's The Super Late Night: songwriting and producing solo act.
He composes pop, for a fact, and agreeable at that, but encapsulates just the right amount of EMO and rock tones to give it a retro, yet up-to-date attitude. With his first three singles, Honey, If Not Now, Then When?, and Falling Asleep, refusing politely to fit into any categories, fourth release Mess joins them on October 23rd.
TSLN wanted to write down his feelings about the end of a complex relationship which developed into an unexpected place of positivity and confidence:
"I tried to be careful not to come across like too much of a victim when I was writing this. The song is clearly about the aftermath of a messy relationship, and though at the time I was frustrated, as the song developed it felt more like an anthem of empowerment than a 'woe, is me' tune. It's more about addressing the situation and moving on, but I still wanted the arrangement to feel somewhat messy, hence the feel changes and dirty guitars," He remembers.
As the modern devisor has highlighted, the song is incredibly upbeat and danceable, maybe a tad slower than a Pop Punk anthem, ensuing a tip-top pace for a floor-filler. Under the gaze of neon lights and smokey dry ice, the chorus encourages you to pour your heart out with the gang late into the evening: "Take a look at this mess you made, well there's no debate that the truth was written all over your face."
There are plenty of sounds and synth effects to unpick and a whole lot going on, with classic rock guitar guiding the encouraging atmosphere, especially in the 80s inspired power instrumental. Also satisfying to hear a slight accent of TSLN throughout. One should sing this with the pack or when when feeling a tad feisty. | {
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She has attended special training courses in environmental chemistry.
Since 2011, she is a research associate at the Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters, HCMR.
She has research interests on the impacts of organic and inorganic pollution loads in rivers and coastal environments.
She is a member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, UK.
publications) and co-authored 17 chapters in technical reports.
Anastasopoulou, E., N. Skoulikidis, A. Pavlidou, E. Rouselaki, K. Gritzalis, 2014. Seasonal variation and inputs of nutrients to the estuary of Pamisos River, (Messinia – Peloponnese), Greece. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, Vol.: 23, No 12a, 3248-3254.
Gritzalis, K. C., E. Anastasopoulou, N. Georgiopoulos, V. Markogianni, N. Skoulikidis, 2015. Water quality and benthic fauna biodiversity in a unique small wetland at Messinia, Greece. Journal of Environmental Biology, Vol.: 36, 171-176.
Pavlidou A., Ε. Anastasopoulou, Μ. Dassenakis, Ι. Hatzianestis, V. Paraskevopoulou, N. Simboura, E. Rousselaki., P. Drakopoulou, Effects of olive oil wastes on river basins and an oligotrophic coastal marine ecosystem: A case study in Greece. Science of the Total Environment 497-498 pp 38-49.
Gritzalis, K.C., E.Th. Anastasopoulou, V. Markogianni, N.A. Georgiopoulos, 2014. Assessing tools and methods for water quality monitoring in medium sized rivers. The case of Arcadikos River (Messinia, Greece), 2014. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, Vol.: 23, No 11a, 2933-2938.
Gritzalis, K.C., E.Anastasopoulou, 2013. River macroinvertebrate communities: Examples of open issues in Greece. Notiziario dei Metodi Analitici, IRCA -CNR (Numero Speciale), Ottobre 2013, 1-6.
Anastasopoulou Ε.Τ. and S. Karagkiozidis, September 2012. Climate Change and Biofuels, Environmental Education Journal of Environmental Protection and Ecology (JEPE) vol.13 No2 pp 781-788.
Kapiris K., Anastasopoulou., P. Kouraklis. F. Callinectes sapidus Rathbun in the Greek Ionian Sea, December 2011. New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records. Mediterranean Marine Science 12(2) Collective Article Indexed in WoS (Web of Science, ISI Thomson) and SCOPUS http://www.medit-mar-sc.net pp 491-508. | {
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ARC-600 TWIN – Kan-Tht India Pvt. Ltd.
The ARC-600TWIN is an automatic control system vacuum filler that can simultaneously fill a maximum 16 syringes with material. It can fill various types of syringes with material while maintaining the quality of material mixed and deaerated with a planetary centrifugal mixer. By using the automatic operation control according to the material, it contributes to greatly reducing costs by streamlining the work that requires time and great care when manually operated.
Can fill without mixing of air bubbles or dripping liquid.
Can fill a maximum 16 syringes at the same time.
Supports various types of high volume syringes.
There is a small number of parts to clean, making the cleaning process efficient.
Lots of experience in ODF process (one drop fill) that processes high viscosity sealant material.
Can automate all control systems such as fill time and vacuum pressure. | {
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On August 4th 2018, Farima and Farhad gave us the pleasure of hosting their wedding and it was nothing short of a dream. From the beautiful blooms, to the magical tablescapes, the creative team did a fantastic job of bringing the couple's vision to life. Every swoon-worthy detail came together to create an elegant and timeless setting for a beautiful couple.
Stylish black linen set the stage for the incredible tablescapes. Guest tables featured grand gold candelabras and cascading florals. The blooms utilized the perfect amount of greenery and soft blush roses that worked together to bring the tables to life and create a garden-like setting. Candles were also added for a little extra romance. Our favourite element was how nicely the pops of blush and gold throughout the room complimented each other. Definitely one of our all time favourite colour combos!
If the guest tables didn't take your breath away, the head table is sure to help finish the job. Let's first take in the backdrop. We love the use of elegant fabric backdrop and gold candle wall covered in blush folrals. To complete the look, the couple's sweet-heart table featured the same pretty blooms and candles seen throughout the rest of the ballroom. The only thing to further beautify this layout was the gorgeous couple themselves!
Farima and Farhad's jaw-dropping cake featured intricate gold details and delicate pale blush blooms. This masterpiece really was the cherry on top of a breathtaking head table set up.
Farima and Farhad's wedding was one for the books. In our opinion, you can never go wrong with a blush and gold colour palette as there is something so romantic and timeless about it. It has been months since this magical day and we are still swooning over every detail. Surrounded by loved ones, Farima and Farhad's wedding was filled with love and joy. It was an honour and pleasure hosting such a lovely couple. On behalf of all of us at Hazelton Manor, we wish you two nothing but the very best in this new adventure. | {
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This is legal documentation of the business's creation, including name, type of business, and type of business structure or incorporation. This paperwork is one of the first tasks you will complete when you officially start your business. Once submitted, your articles of incorporation are kept on file with the appropriate governmental agencies. | {
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Cool Camping England is now into its third edition. Cool Camping is a best selling series detailing the worlds most beautiful, unusual and fun campsites. The guide to England details 150 campsites, its worth noting that if you have read other Cool Camping guides you will be familer with some of these campsites already but 90 of them are brand new.
There is something for everyone, with campsites by picturesque villages, in secret woodlands, or even in the grounds of a Devonshire manor house. As well as the campsites the Cool Camping Guide gives you ideas of things to do on and off the site, places to eat and drink, and handy information like prices and opening times. | {
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We Always Thought F. King Alexander Looked Like A Beaver…
December 13th, 2019 MacAoidh
…and so today's news that he's taking the job at Oregon State as its new president is quite fitting.
LSU President King Alexander could be named president of Oregon State University Friday after seven years at Louisiana's flagship university.
Oregon State University's Board of Trustees will make the announcement during a special board meeting noon central time Friday at OSU's Memorial Union Horizon Room in Corvallis. The meeting is open to the public.
USA Today Network is seeking comment from Alexander.
Two sources with direct knowledge of the process, among them a member of the LSU Board of Supervisors, told USA Today Network Alexander informed them he expected to be the choice.
Getting rid of Alexander, who for the last six years has been LSU's president and under whose leadership the university has stagnated while conducting a war on the Greek system, stocking its faculty with an abundance of leftist ideologues and haranguing legislators for tax increases to support larger budgets, makes this one of the better weeks in the history of the Ole War Skule. After yesterday's college football awards, which LSU virtually swept with Ed Orgeron, Joe Brady, Joe Burrow, Ja'marr Chase and Grant Delpit all taking home hardware (Burrow is all but certain to win the Heisman Trophy on Saturday as well), fans and supporters of the university can't really ask for more.
We're told it's all but certain that Commissioner of Administration Jay Dardenne will take over for Alexander, as the LSU system president job is the one Dardenne has wanted for years. Dardenne has influential Baton Rouge businessman and former Louisiana Board of Regents chairman Richard Lipsey, who publicly campaigned for the end of athletic director Joe Alleva's tenure as well as Alexander's ouster, as his benefactor; the two have a long-standing connection, and he also has the backing of Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards and several key members of the LSU Board of Supervisors for the position, according to our sources.
Dardenne, whom Wikipedia hilariously dubs a "Rockefeller Republican," might actually be the best LSU can get for the job under current circumstances, though his hiring will likely be poorly received by LSU's faculty seeing as though tradition dictates the position requires a PhD. There is a recent pattern afoot in which state universities are starting to hire people outside of the academic world for top management, given that it's very difficult to find non-ideological leftists in college faculty and administration and the nuts and bolts of running operations involving hundreds of millions of dollars don't typically fall within the skill sets of the academic Left crowd. In that respect Dardenne could be useful in reining in some of what F. King Alexander has let get out of hand at LSU.
But that's for next year. For now, it appears to be a done deal that Oregon State is taking the F. King Alexander problem off LSU's hands, and that's great news heading into the weekend.
Interested in more news from Louisiana? We've got you covered! See More Louisiana News
Previous Article Despite state inaction, groups working to make sure Texans are counted for 2020 Census
Next Article SADOW: Louisiana's Odd Culture, Jungle Primary Subvert Its Electorate | {
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There are some things that children have to learn for themselves. Their parents can't do it for them: cleaning their room, doing chores, staying safe, speaking in public, developing a healthy sexuality, building relationships and, of course, learning about money.
All young people have to experience these things for themselves, says developmental psychologist Richard Cloutier. It's essential that as parents, we gradually provide them with these experiences, so they become more competent, he says. Take money, for example: we can't expect that a young person will know how to use a credit card wisely the day they turn 18, if they haven't had gradual access to the world of credit, he says.
Their relationship with money develops over time. If they're sheltered from all financial concerns, it will be very hard for them to manage their day-to-day finances.
Very early on, children are able to understand how a budget works. Cloutier says that if we, as parents, give them experiences, tools and a space in which to reflect, they'll be better able to understand the value of money and the right financial behaviours to adopt.
Children don't become independent overnight, he says. They develop autonomy over time, as they gradually gain more experience. By gradually empowering them, giving them responsibility bit by bit, parents enable their kids to build their independence muscles. They can create a space in which children can steer their own ship, so to speak. In financial terms, savings is undoubtedly one of the first "ships" that children learn to sail on their own.
By giving their children concrete experiences, parents are also creating a space in which they can ask their kids how things are going: is their "ship" staying afloat, where do they want it to go, who do they want to take along for the journey, etc. All these actions are part of what is called empowerment, meaning access to a zone of power in which they can practice new skills. All these experiences lead to autonomy, says Cloutier. | {
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Q: Rails partial show latest 5 kases I have my application setup with a few different partials working well. I have asked here how to get a partial working to show the latest entry in the kase model, but now I need to show the latest 5 entries in the kase model in a partial.
I have duplicated the show most recent one partial and it's working where I need it to but only shows the last entry, what do I need to change to show the last 5?
_recent_kases.html.erb
<% if Kase.most_recentfive %>
<h4>The most recent case reference is <strong><%= Kase.most_recentfive.jobno %></strong></h4>
<% end %>
kase.rb
def self.most_recentfive
first(:order => 'id DESC')
end
Thanks,
Danny
EDIT
def self.most_recentfive
all(:order => 'id DESC', :limit=>5)
end
If I add the above code I get the following Error Message:
NoMethodError in Dashboard#index
Showing app/views/kases/_recent_kases.html.erb where line #2 raised:
undefined method `jobno' for #<Array:0x105984c60>
Extracted source (around line #2):
1: <% if Kase.most_recentfive %>
2: <h4>The most recent case reference is <strong><%= Kase.most_recentfive.jobno %></strong></h4>
3: <% end %>
A: def self.most_recentfive
all(:order => 'id DESC', :limit=>5)
end
EDITED TO ADD:
Then, in your partial, to display the results, you do
<% if Kase.most_recentfive %>
<h4>The most recent five case references are
<% Kase.most_recentfive.each do |k|%>
<strong><%= link_to k.jobno, k %></strong><br />
<% end %>
</h4>
<% end %>
| {
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Hand-made in Italy, these traditional design journals offer the connoisseur all the benefits of writing in a wonderfully iconic piece of art, in its own right. The rugged leather with the traditional wrap keeps everything secure. The unlined, acid-free Italian paper keeps everything permanent and the silk page marker keeps your place. The ultimate travel or general use journal comes in two sizes, medium 12cm x 17cm and large 14cm x 21cm. | {
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-- Select State --AlabamaAlaskaArizonaArkansasCaliforniaColoradoConnecticutDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaFloridaGeorgiaHawaiiIdahoIllinoisIndianaIowaKansasKentuckyLouisianaMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMississippiMissouriMontanaNebraskaNevadaNew HampshireNew JerseyNew MexicoNew YorkNorth CarolinaNorth DakotaOhioOklahomaOregonPennsylvaniaRhode IslandSouth CarolinaSouth DakotaTennesseeTexasUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsinWyoming
South Royalton, VT
Students: N/A
Tuition: N/A
Vermont Law School is a institution located in South Royalton, VT. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Exam Scores
ACT: N/A
SAT: N/A
Eastern Virginia Medical School is a institution located in Norfolk, VA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Sovah Health School of Health Professions
Sovah Health School of Health Professions is a institution located in Danville, VA. The school has approximately 20 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
Sentara College of Health Sciences
Sentara College of Health Sciences is a institution located in Chesapeake, VA. The school has approximately 440 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Bon Secours Memorial College of Nursing
Bon Secours Memorial College of Nursing is a institution located in Richmond, VA. The school has approximately 477 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
Bon Secours St Mary's Hospital School of Medical Imaging
Bon Secours St Mary's Hospital School of Medical Imaging is a institution located in Richmond, VA. The school has approximately 30 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school...
Union Presbyterian Seminary
Union Presbyterian Seminary is a institution located in Richmond, VA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
Bastyr University
Kenmore, WA
Bastyr University is a institution located in Kenmore, WA. The school has approximately 195 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine
West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine is a institution located in Lewisburg, WV. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
West Virginia University Hospital Departments of Rad Tech and Nutrition
West Virginia University Hospital Departments of Rad Tech and Nutrition is a institution located in Morgantown, WV. The school has approximately 48 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this...
Columbia College of Nursing
Glendale, WI
Columbia College of Nursing is a institution located in Glendale, WI. The school has approximately 116 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Medical College of Wisconsin is a institution located in Milwaukee, WI. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Nashotah House
Nashotah, WI
Nashotah House is a institution located in Nashotah, WI. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students entering...
Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology
Franklin, WI
Sacred Heart Seminary and School of Theology is a institution located in Franklin, WI. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
Wisconsin School of Professional Psychology
Wisconsin School of Professional Psychology is a institution located in Milwaukee, WI. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Center for Advanced Studies On Puerto Rico and the Caribbean
Center for Advanced Studies On Puerto Rico and the Caribbean is a institution located in San Juan, PR. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this...
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-School of Law
Inter American University of Puerto Rico-School of Law is a institution located in San Juan, PR. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is...
Ponce Health Sciences University
Ponce Health Sciences University is a institution located in Ponce, PR. The school has approximately 12 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences
University of Puerto Rico-Medical Sciences is a institution located in San Juan, PR. The school has approximately 341 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
Seminario Evangelico de Puerto Rico
Seminario Evangelico de Puerto Rico is a institution located in San Juan, PR. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Antioch University-Los Angeles
Antioch University-Los Angeles is a institution located in Culver City, CA. The school has approximately 193 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Antioch University-Santa Barbara
Antioch University-Santa Barbara is a institution located in Santa Barbara, CA. The school has approximately 103 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Antioch University-New England
Antioch University-New England is a institution located in Keene, NH. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
Antioch University-Seattle
Antioch University-Seattle is a institution located in Seattle, WA. The school has approximately 88 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
Antioch University-Midwest
Yellow Springs, OH
Antioch University-Midwest is a institution located in Yellow Springs, OH. The school has approximately 41 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Houston Graduate School of Theology
Houston Graduate School of Theology is a institution located in Houston, TX. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Unification Theological Seminary
Barrytown, NY
Unification Theological Seminary is a institution located in Barrytown, NY. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
Ecumenical Theological Seminary
Ecumenical Theological Seminary is a institution located in Detroit, MI. The school has approximately 12 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Austin Graduate School of Theology
Austin Graduate School of Theology is a institution located in Austin, TX. The school has approximately 22 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Everest University-Brandon
Everest University-Brandon is a institution located in Tampa, FL. The school has approximately 40 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
University of the District of Columbia-David A Clarke School of Law
University of the District of Columbia-David A Clarke School of Law is a institution located in Washington, DC. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this...
HSHS St. John's Hospital School of Clinical Laboratory Science
Students: 6
HSHS St. John's Hospital School of Clinical Laboratory Science is a institution located in Springfield, IL. The school has approximately 6 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school...
Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences is a institution located in Rochester, MN. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
New York Academy of Art
New York Academy of Art is a institution located in New York, NY. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Mercy-St Luke's School of Radiologic Technology
Mercy-St Luke's School of Radiologic Technology is a institution located in Cedar Rapids, IA. The school has approximately 22 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0....
Southwest Acupuncture College-Santa Fe
Southwest Acupuncture College-Santa Fe is a institution located in Santa Fe, NM. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond
Baptist Theological Seminary at Richmond is a institution located in Henrico, VA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences
University of St. Augustine for Health Sciences is a institution located in San Marcos, CA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0....
Capital Area School of Practical Nursing
Capital Area School of Practical Nursing is a institution located in Springfield, IL. The school has approximately 135 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The...
Massachusetts School of Law
Massachusetts School of Law is a institution located in Andover, MA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Worsham College of Mortuary Science
Worsham College of Mortuary Science is a institution located in Wheeling, IL. The school has approximately 87 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Oregon College of Oriental Medicine is a institution located in Portland, OR. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Adler Graduate School
Adler Graduate School is a institution located in Minnetonka, MN. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students...
Brown Mackie College-Findlay
Brown Mackie College-Findlay is a institution located in Findlay, OH. The school has approximately 128 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of...
Colorado School of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Colorado School of Traditional Chinese Medicine is a institution located in Denver, CO. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Phoenix Seminary
Phoenix Seminary is a institution located in Scottsdale, AZ. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of students entering...
University of Phoenix-Puerto Rico
Guaynabo, PR
University of Phoenix-Puerto Rico is a institution located in Guaynabo, PR. The school has approximately 44 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Midwest College of Oriental Medicine-Racine
Midwest College of Oriental Medicine-Racine is a institution located in Racine, WI. The school has approximately 19 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average...
Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine College-Berkeley
Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine College-Berkeley is a institution located in Berkeley, CA. The school has approximately undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age...
Everest University-South Orlando
Everest University-South Orlando is a institution located in Tampa, FL. The school has approximately 725 undergraduate students. The school offers students degree opportunities. The average family income of students that are attending this school is $0. The average age of... | {
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MakingChange hosted its Autumn Appreciation Social last month. The annual event is designed to thank donors, volunteers, partners and other friends. Over 50 attendees listened to remarks by Executive Director Mike Couch, County Executive Allan Kittleman, Board Chair Tom Burtzlaff and Schnell Garrett, Acting Director of Student Life at Howard Community College.
Couch's remarks included an update on MakingChange's progress. He noted that last year the organization's financial seminars attracted 538 attendees, and another 82 clients participated in Financial Coaching sessions, which require a longer time commitment.
It is through relationships with government agencies, businesses and non-profit organizations that MakingChange reaches the people who need its help, Couch said, thanking attendees on behalf of the hundreds of individuals and families served by MakingChange each year.
← Making Change empowers individuals and families to achieve financial stability. | {
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Mt Pisgah Winthrop Maine, hiking and walking trails. Donate to the campaign to expand trail system and property.
The proposed KLT Surry Hill Community Forest includes over 250 acres of secondary forest growth, a 20-acre open field and two wetlands. The property drains east toward Lovejoy Pond, west into the Hales Pond watershed, and north toward Echo Lake. If conserved, the property will be permanently protected and managed for forest regeneration, wildlife habitat, water quality protection, nature observation, and low-impact outdoor recreational activities, such as hiking, mountain-biking, cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, and hunting.
Please donate now to support this project. | {
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THINGS I LEARNED WHILE DRIVING WITH QUINCY JONES!
Before 26 Grammys, an Emmy, 7 Oscar nominations, and becoming one of the most successful record producers of all time ("Thriller", "We Are The World"), before producing hit TV shows, ("Jenny Jones", "Mad TV", "Fresh Prince Of Bel-Air") and films ("The Color Purple", "Listen Up"), Quincy was first and foremost a musician of the highest order!
"People have called me a jazz musician, but that's ludicrous. I have yet to figure out what a jazz musician is."
Q was the first high level black executive to work for a major record label in the 60's, when he was producing Leslie Gore ("It's My Party", "You Don't Own Me") for Mercury records. Although Kelli Ross and I ran his publishing companies, in New York for years, I didn't really get to know him until I moved to California and worked for Warner Brothers music. in 1972 he wanted to concentrate on writing and scoring more films.
He had already done, "In Cold Blood", "Bob, Carol, Ted and Alice", "Cactus Flower", "The Getaway"and "Cotton Comes To Harlem", a highly successful "Blaxpoitation" film. In his eagerness to take Hollywood by storm, he had over committed himself and promised his friend, Sam Goldwyn, Jr. to do the music for "Come Back Charleston Blue", the follow up to "Cotton", although he was weeks behind in scoring another film.
The usually cool "Mr. Jones", was in a panic and needed a Black composer fast, or risk facing an embarrassing situation. He called me and asked if I'd do personal favor for him and help him out of a jam. The first person he wanted me to approach was one of our Warner Brothers writers and Atlantic artist, Donny Hathaway, who was riding high with his first album and singles, "The Ghetto" and "Where Is The Love" (with Roberta Flack). I remember Donny, in his Kongol Cap and me in my "Superfly" hat, "bopping" into a screening of the film and leaving with an enthusiastic commitment from Donny, which got Quincy off the hook!
Q said that he would let me have his screen credit as musical consultant if I could continue to help to put the soundtrack together. Needless to say I jumped at the chance! Although I just learned how to drive, knowing that Quincy didn't drive at all, I volunteered to take us wherever we had to go over the next hectic month. Although he seemed nervous and at times held onto the dashboard for dear life, he never said anything about my driving! He did, however, introduce me to some of the most important men in Hollywood, and gave me a tip on how to deal effectively with them.
"Use "fuck" in your conversation every once in a while to get their attention!"
While driving around he also clued me in on what I could expect from life itself! We were both between wives, and hung out with football Hall of Famer, Jim Brown, and "Hair" director Michael Butler, who always had a party going on. We also were warmly welcomed at "The Candy Store", "The Factory" and the Polo Lounge at the Beverly Hills hotel, where he introduced me to some of the most incredible women in the world! I remember one actress in particular, who was as emotionally disturbed as she was beautiful. On one of our drives I told him I was falling in love with her, he just shook his head and said,
"She can be saved…but do you want to be her savior?" A question I've asked of myself on several occasions, concerning other complex relationships I've had since then.
He also showed me how to deal in social situations with the"Soul Handshake", which can be a very elaborate and varied ritual. Q had a simple way of handling it. He'd grab the shaker's hand with both of his hands and hold them until the "shaker's"urge went away. A method I've continue to use to this day.
On long drives I took the opportunity to pop in an 8 track and play a song or two I was promoting. This usually led to a discussion about music. I tried to interest him in covering a couple of songs by Sly and The Family Stone, which he passed on, saying he liked their tracks but the songs weren't melodic enough for him. He laughed and said,
"I like my music, like my women…pretty on the top and funky on the bottom!"
When I complained about the quality of the 1972 state of pop music, Q said,
"The Pop market always comes back to classically influenced music…when a genre goes as far as it can go, that's the only place where it can go."
35 years later, his words still ring true. Today, Rap, Hip-Hop and Pop artists are incorporating more and more long passages of classically influenced music into their recordings, including Alicia Keys, Kanye West, Ne-Yo, Michael Buble' , John Legend, and Rihanna.
Even though I haven't seen Q in years, I remember the time that we spent together as one of the highlights of my life! I read something recently he said to his critics that inspires me whenever I get low on self esteem.
"Not one drop of my self-worth depends on your acceptance of me"
Official Quincy Jones website http://www.myspace.com/quincyjones
WHILE FIGHTING LARGE CORPORATIONS WHO ARE TRYING TO KEEP ROYALTIES AWAY ME AND THOUSANDS OF OTHER ARTISTS, SONGWRITERS AND PUBLISHERS, MY ONLY SOURCE OF INCOME IS FROM THE SALE OF MY BOOK. " I DID IT FOR A SONG", WITH OVER 100 STORIES FROM THE MUSIC BUSINESS OF THE '60s, '70s, and '80s. I HOPE YOU'LL CONSIDER BUYING ONE DIRECTLY FROM ME THROUGH PAYPAL FOR ONLY $9.99 AT [email protected] OR BY CHECK TO…ARTIE WAYNE P.O. BOX 1105, DESERT HOT SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA
Filed in atlantic records, blaxploitation films, candy store in beverly hills, come back charleston blue, donny hathaway, factory in beverly hills, hall of famer jim brown, john ledgend, kanye west, leslie gore and quincy jones, michael buble, michael butler director of "hair", ne-yo, new qoutes from quincy jones, quincy jones, quincy jones and artie wayne. kelli ross, quincy jones quotes, quincy jones vp mercury records, rihanna, sam goldwyn jr., sly and the family stone, Uncategorized
6 Responses to "THINGS I LEARNED WHILE DRIVING WITH QUINCY JONES!"
Exclusive! Things I Learned from Driving Around With Quincy Jones! « Dejunair Instrumental Music Group Says:
[…] read more | digg story Blogroll […]
about your time with Q…..wonderful stuff, Artie..now you're influencing me!
Steveo
Robin Munson Says:
Artie,
I finally had a few minutes to read this and really enjoyed it. It's really fascinating, and although I have always admired Quincy (there's no other Quincy,after all) and thought he was brilliant,it's wonderful to get to know him a little bit through your eyes. Can't wait to read your book when it comes out, Artie. You are a fantastic writer and have so very much to say with your rich and varied experience in "the biz".
— Robin
Loved the story Artie. Yeah, when is the book coming out ?
Sidney Barnes Says:
What a life you've had in the music business Artie, some great memories. Speaking of Donnie Hathaway, being from Chicago I knew him well from our session work together at Chess Records. Before Donnie got his big break, he use to hang out at my apt. and we'd discuss music, and the music business a lot. Donnie was trying to be a regular session keyboard player at Chess but they weren't giving him much work, and they were also telling him that he should forget about trying to be a singer. So to help him make extra money, I paid him $10 dollars per lead sheet so I could cut demo's of my new songs for my publishing co.. With an arsenal of new material to cut Donnie made nice money working for me. I kept telling him that some day he would be discovered and that people would realize what a super talent he was. He was such a good person and so very talented.. But with his fame came a lot of personal frustrations that he had trouble putting into context.
Just like with my good friend Marvin Gaye, sometimes the bigger the talent, the bigger the demons.
Leave a Reply to Sidney Barnes Cancel reply
« If It's On The Internet It's Gotta Be True! What Paris Said To Barbara Walters!
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Press and Media >
Proposals to ban non-compete clauses in employment contracts would be unnecessary intervention
Comments Patrick Brodie, Head of Employment Law of RPC the city-headquartered law firm:
"A ban or severe curtailment of the rights of businesses in this area would be seen by most employers as anti-business and an unnecessary intervention in the pretty smooth operating of the UK labour market."
"The courts regularly test whether a non-compete is an unfair restraint on employees and, therefore, unenforceable. Overall, the courts have ensured there is a very fair balance between the rights of employers and employees in this area. Equally, the balance is being continually reviewed because our courts recognise that the ability to restrict a person from working has to adjust with social and economic change."
"For the better part of 600 years, our courts have grappled with whether it is appropriate to stop a person's freedom to work, even for a short period, and, so, depriving society of her skills, society of wealth generation and families of self-sufficiency. Originally, our courts said any restriction was unenforceable, because it stopped a person's trade and her earning a living. A few hundred years later, they changed their minds: they said that paradoxically a freedom to trade and work, without reasonable limitations, was inhibiting trade, being the very thing that the consultation paper now seeks to preserve. So, the rule was relaxed, allowing for certain restrictions, including non-competition. However, the courts have been at pains to recognise that the ability to restrict a person from working, even for a good reason, has to adjust with social and economic change. Our courts are always looking at the right balance (and the sensitivities of that balance) between limitation of work and protection of business, especially for the more economically vulnerable."
"The consultation document says the intervention is to encourage more start-ups but start-ups are employers as well. Start-ups, especially in a knowledge economy, need to protect themselves from employees leaving and setting themselves up in direct opposition. Originally, restrictive covenants were unenforceable. However, our courts changed this principle because they recognised that, paradoxically, a freedom to work, without limitation, was inhibiting trade"
"So far the Government has presented very little statistical analysis or other evidence to support this dramatic intervention in the employment market. Employers will feel that they deserve that before all the agreements they have made with employees are overturned."
Daniel Kulcsar
PR & Communications Manager
@ Email Daniel Kulcsar | {
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I was picking on Beth earlier, at Cheryl's behest. Now the good parent wants to toss a little praise around.
I woke up late for Church this morning and Beth was already up. Not only had she made her own breakfast and was almost done (pancakes), but she'd fed Adam too.
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Don't let our current political moment fool you: People without power don't have power.
When Donald Trump's bid for the presidency started to gain momentum last year, a largely ignored class of Americans suddenly found themselves on the front pages of every newspaper in the country. They brought their flags, guns, trucker hats, and conspiracy theories with them, re-introducing mainstream America to the angry opinions of the Bible Belt, the Rust Belt, and the shady parts of the Sun Belt. This, argues Nancy Isenberg, Professor of History at Louisiana State University and author of the new book White Trash: the 400 Year Untold History of Class in America, is a significant but highly precedented phenomena. Anxious, economically marginalized Caucasians have been around for centuries and their sudden significance only obscures the fact that they are a constant. They will be around long after Trump has been forgotten.
They may be around long after they're white.
Isenberg spoke to Inverse about how politicians have courted the white trash vote throughout history and what the future holds for disenfranchised Americans, white and not.
I'm going to start with a question that relates to the end of your book. What does it mean to be white trash, now, in the 21st Century?
Probably the most common term that's used for white trash today is "trailer trash." One of my key themes is the importance that class has on geography. Now we know this in terms of race because people who study poverty [have seen] the way in which center cities were allowed to deteriorate, essentially to become wastelands. At the same time that we have a crisis over center cities, the migration of the middle-classes into the suburbs, gave rise to dystopian trailer parks situated on the margins of the metropolis. If we think about geography there, we have that urban ghetto, we have the trailer trash on the margins of the city and then we have the growth of the mostly middle-class/upper-middle-class suburbs. Not only are we divided in terms of what sociologists study — like the difference between lower, middle, and upperclass based on wealth and income — but we also are substantially divided in terms of where we live and the resources that we have.
It's one of the ways we reinforce our class system, by living separately, not only based on race but also based on class.
Class geography means many white working class live in mobile home parks, often on the outskirts of cities, that are particularly vulnerable to natural disasters like hurricanes.
So why has class never become more of a unifying factor in terms of how this socio-economic divide plays out? What is the biggest thing that has maintained that gap between the white working class and the non-white working class?
Racism and class prejudice are often intertwined, this has been a common pattern in our democratic politics. It is often that people at the bottom of the social hierarchy are pitted against each other. One of the problems that we face today is that we have politicians that exacerbate the racial divide. If we look at Donald Trump's rhetoric, when he calls on his magical fantasy wall and alludes to migrants as racists and criminals, he's targeting poor border-crossing Mexicans. He's using both racial and class inflected vocabulary. It works because when people are poor they're afraid. They're afraid that their condition is only going to get worse. So it's easy to target a group and say it's using this idea of a zero-sum game, that if one group gains that you're going to lose ground. It relies on this idea that we have to accept that in American society there are limited resources, limited job opportunities.
We refuse to admit that inequality is built into the very structure of our capitalist system, and that means that often different groups imagine themselves competing against other groups, and that's where [speaking about] race has been very effective [for Trump and other candidates]. In claiming that it's a contest and only one group is going to win.
The media's depiction of Trump fans isn't always indicative of his actual supporter base.
Yeah, I wanted to ask about Donald Trump. As you said, we've seen candidates that have tapped into that sort of that populism and fear-mongering before. But do you see anything different about his candidacy and about the support that he's enjoyed from such a wide swath of the white disenfranchised lower class across America?
It's really hard to say. We have inaccurate measures of who's actually supporting Donald Trump — Nate Silver has argued that people who've actually voted for Trump in the Republican primary were of a higher income bracket than people voting for Hilary and Bernie. Part of the attack against Trump's supposedly white trash followers, I think, really came over the coverage of his rallies, and the image of white men in their truckers caps, and this idea that he had an appeal for the working class. But this is a problem too, because the working class has never been monolithic. To assume that white men represent the working class is flawed.
Everyone imagines themselves as hardworking good Americans who have earned what they've gotten, but every group has benefitted from certain kinds of privilege. For some reason, whenever we talk about welfare, we think that this is somehow an undeserved privilege. And that really taps into that older fear about the poor, the fear that their condition will never change. There's a sentiment that you're just throwing away good money, that charity doesn't work.
Donald Trump's policies don't make a lot of sense for the working class, "Make America Great Again" sure sounds good.
Is that why we see so many people who come from classes or socio-economic backgrounds that would benefit most by having more government assistance, counter-productively supporting candidates like Donald Trump?
You know, it's been proven over and over again, the fact that the Republican policies do not help the working class. They don't help the poor. This is the problem of American politics, that politics are often irrational, it's about emotions. It's not about facts. We accept huge disparities of wealth just as long as our politicians pretend to act like one of us. And this is what Trump has been doing, he's stepped down from his elite penthouse, he's put on his trucker cap and because of the way he talks and his ability to be bolder, rude, and obnoxious somehow makes him seem like he's an ordinary guy.
I would say the same for Bernie Sanders. I think [Sanders's] followers want something really different from Trump's followers, they want class revolution and they actually do want social justice, whereas Trump's followers want class security; but they [both] are also catering to a rhetoric that is very emotional and making promises that can never be kept. I mean Trump's wall is never going to be built. And the idea of handing out free college tuition is not going to happen either. But I think it's really very revealing that Americans get so caught up in the promises that they lose sight of what can actually be done.
Hillary Clinton is the one who's been the most honest, and people think, she's the one who is not going far enough, not making big enough promises. And that problem is never going to go away.
Even the birds are falling for promises and populism.
So what future is there for this white working class? What does white trash mean ten years from now?
Pennsylvania residents cast their primary day ballots in a warehouse polling station.
So is there any hope left? And if so, what would have to happen politically and economically in the United States to change the future of white trash, of the white working class?
I really think we need a new New Deal. The Democratic [party's] solution to the loss of [heavy] industry in this country is job training. Some of that does work, but it's not the only solution. We have to invest into different areas of our country. We have to break down the different concentration of wealth. I think our government needs to invest a vast amount of money in infrastructure, because it would build jobs [and] it would instill a sense of public good, which we lack in this country. How can we find ways to reinvest into communities that we've labeled wastelands? We have to stop thinking that education is always the solution, because before you can educate people and retrain people you have to make sure they have the security to just exist. In terms of having food, having basic resources in keeping their families together. We can't just sort of assume that that's a given because we're such a wealthy country. It's not a given.
What does give you hope?
I actually really like teaching at LSU, I find the students there, even though it happens to be a more conservative state, the students are very open-minded. They want to embrace the world. And that's the one thing that keeps me somewhat optimistic is this thinking that people who are looking to the future, wanting to learn, you know there's always the chance that they could be the people who influence the future and get people to break out of this very negative and nasty way of dismissing the poor. That's the saddest thing, the saddest thing is when people are so overcome with hatred and fear that they can't get beyond blaming somebody else for what are larger economic, political problems.
Nancy Isenberg's White Trash: The 400-Year Untold History of Class in America is available now on Amazon and most major book sellers. | {
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Interlude No. 2 - Crucified
Revision as of 18:42, 1 September 2021 by DMLiveWiki (talk | contribs)
Interlude #2 (Crucified)
Recorded at
The Church, London
Length (mm:ss)
Engineering assistance
Daryl Bamonte
Dick Meaney
David Browne
Mark Flannery
François Kevorkian
Mixed at
Originally released
Live performances as Depeche Mode
0 times *
Total live performances
"Interlude #2 (Crucified)" is the first of two unlisted instrumental interludes that appear on the 1990 Depeche Mode album Violator. It is also commonly referred to simply as "Interlude #2", with "Interlude #1" appearing on Music For The Masses and "Interlude #3" appearing between "Blue Dress" and "Clean" on Violator. The interlude occurs between "Enjoy The Silence" and "Policy Of Truth". The mostly instrumental interlude features a single vocoded vocal by Andrew Fletcher chanting the word "crucified".
Alan Wilder comments on the interlude's guitar elements in the Violator section of the Recoil Q&A section: "Dave plays a unique form of guitar. He has his own 'special' style. We used some of his playing as sound effects in one of the crossfade sections of Violator."
This interlude features the first known example of a non-vocal, non songwriting-focused musical contribution by Dave Gahan, and the second known example of a vocal delivery by Andrew Fletcher featured on a Depeche Mode album song; Fletcher is appropriately credited as "lead singer" for this song.[1] Fletcher's prior vocal contribution were backing vocals at the end of The Sun & The Rainfall.
Dates where Interlude No. 2 - Crucified was played
Interlude No. 2 - Crucified has never been played live.
Depeche Mode interludes
Everything Counts (Reprise) • Interlude #1 - Mission Impossible • Interlude #2 - Crucified • Interlude #3 • Interlude #4 • Junior Painkiller • Interlude #5
↑ depechemode.com official archive section: "Interlude No. 2 - Crucified" lyrics
Retrieved from "https://dmlive.wiki/w/index.php?title=Interlude_No._2_-_Crucified&oldid=42392"
Never played live
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Nelson Eugene "Gene" Wilson, 68, of Eugene, Ore., passed away Nov. 26, 2006, of lung cancer. He was born Sept. 17, 1938, in Cassville, to Daniel and Belvia "Ray" Wilson.
He married Patricia West on Jan. 1, 1967, in Reno, Nev. He was a trucker and a musician.
A celebration of life was held Dec. 1, 2006, at Major Family Funeral Home, Eugene, Ore.
Survivors include: his wife; two daughters, Sheila Girt, of Rainier, Ore., and Renae Culy, of Springfield, Ore.; two sons, Michael Brown, of Springfield, Ore.; three sisters, Alma Bailey and Maxine Henson, both of Redding, Calif.; one brother, Raymond Wilson, of Yuba City, Calif.; seven grandchildren; and two great grandchildren. He was preceded in death by one grandchild.
Private inurnment was at Springfield Memorial Gardens, Springfield, Ore. | {
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- If your Northwoods de-laminates within 90 days of purchase, you may send it back for a replacement. This warranty does not cover the board if it has undergone extreme conditions such as heat, moisture, weight or pressure.
- Northwoods is not responsible for damage or wear on any used products.
- We reserves the right to deny any claim if poor conditions or foul play are suspected. Original purchase receipt may be required.
All events require confirmation of legitimacy and preparation time.
NORTHWOODS WILL NOT ENTERTAIN ANY REQUEST WITHOUT COMPLETED APPLICATION.
SUBMISSION OF APPLICATION DOES NOT MEAN CONFIRMED SPONSORSHIP. | {
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Educational assessments can be very useful for children and adults.
The primary purpose of an educational assessment (also called a psychoeducational assessment) is usually to determine whether an individual has any learning disabilities in a specific academic skill area.
Other times, the purpose of an educational assessment can be to provide a description of an individual's strengths and weaknesses, and to assist their progress in a school or work setting.
These assessments examine an individual's skills in several areas, including intellectual functioning (also known as IQ), academic skills, hand-eye coordination, and emotional functioning. Often, neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, and complex problem solving can be added to provide a greater level of analysis to determine the possible causes of an individual's difficulties. | {
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Dedication. In: Nelson LS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Smith SW, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS. Nelson L.S., Howland M, Lewin N.A., Smith S.W., Goldfrank L.R., Hoffman R.S. Eds. Lewis S. Nelson, et al.eds. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2569§ionid=210256643. Accessed July 17, 2019.
. "Dedication." Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 11e Nelson LS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Smith SW, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS. Nelson L.S., Howland M, Lewin N.A., Smith S.W., Goldfrank L.R., Hoffman R.S. Eds. Lewis S. Nelson, et al. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, , http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2569§ionid=210256643.
To the staffs of our hospitals, emergency departments, intensive care units, and outpatient sites, who have worked with remarkable courage, concern, compassion, and understanding in treating the patients discussed in this text and many thousands more like them.
To the Emergency Medical Services personnel who have worked so faithfully and courageously to protect our patients' health and who have assisted us in understanding what happens in the home and the field.
To the staff of the New York City Poison Control Center, who have quietly and conscientiously integrated their skills with ours to serve these patients and prevent many patients from ever requiring a hospital visit.
To all the faculty, fellows, residents, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, and medical and pharmacy students who have studied toxicology with us, whose inquisitiveness has helped us continually strive to understand complex and evolving problems and develop methods to teach them to others. (Editors)
To my wife Laura for her unwavering support; to my children Daniel, Adina, and Benjamin for their fresh perspective, youthful insight, and appreciation of my passion; to my parents Myrna of blessed memory and Dr. Irwin Nelson for the foundation they provided; and to my family, friends, and colleagues who keep me focused on what is important in life. (L.N.)
To my husband Bob; to my children Robert, Marcy and Doug and my grandchildren Joey and Mackenzie; to my mother and to the loving memory of my father; and to family, friends, colleagues, and students for all their help and continuing inspiration. (M.A.H.)
To my wife Gail Miller; my sons Jesse Miller Lewin, MD and Justin Miller Lewin, MD and my daughters-in-law Alana Amarosa Lewin, MD and Alice Tang, MD; my granddaughter Isabelle Rose Lewin; and in memory of my parents. To all my patients, students, residents, fellows, and colleagues who constantly stimulate my being a perpetual student. (N.L.)
To my wife Helen, for her resolute support and understanding; to my children Addison and Alston, for their boundless enthusiasm and inquisitiveness; and to my parents. (S.W.S.)
To my children Rebecca and Ryan, Jennifer, Andrew and Joan, Michelle and James; to my grandchildren Benjamin, Adam, Sarah, Kay, Samantha, Herbert, Jonah, Susie, and Sasha, who have kept me acutely aware of the ready availability of possible poisons; and to my wife, partner, and best friend Susan (deceased) whose support was essential to help me in the development of the first ten editions and whose contributions continue to inspire me and will be found throughout the text. (L.G.)
To my wife Ali; my children Casey and Jesse; my parents; and my friends, family, and colleagues for their never-ending patience and forgiveness for the time I have spent away from them; to the many close colleagues and committee members who have helped me understand the fundamentals of evidence-based medicine and challenged me to be clear, precise, and definitive when making treatment recommendations. (R.S.H.)
To the memory of Louis R. Cantilena, MD, PhD. Lou was a wonderful collaborator, thoughtful intellectual, clinical pharmacologist and medical toxicologist who was a critical author for the previous five editions of our textbook. His warmth, enthusiasm and intellect will be missed. | {
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Guerrilla gardening is one way of making cities more beautiful, though whether it will cheer up Elephant and Castle is another question.
Still it's a great idea, there is a Guerrilla Gardening blog, a book and anyone who plants foxglove anywhere is doing something good.
Some tips from the Guerrilla gardening blog.
1. Spot some local orphaned land.
You will be amazed how many little grubby patches of unloved public space there are. Neglected flower beds, concrete planters sprouting litter and untamed plants, bare plots of mud. Chose one close to home, perhaps you pass it on the way to the shops or work, and appoint yourself it's parent. This will make it much easier to look after in the long term and reduce the risk of straying into a dangerous neighbourhood.
Make a date in the diary for an evening attack, when trouble-making busy bodies are out of sight. Invite supportive friends, or perhaps enrole supportive strangers by announcing your attack in the Guerrilla Gardening Community here.
3. Find a local supply of plants.
The cheaper the better. For city dwellers think local DIY stores, supermarkets and whole salers. The cheapest plants are ones that are free. Sometimes garden centres will have spare plants to give you for the cause. Or befriend someone with a garden (you might even be lucky and have a garden yourself). Think of these private spaces as the training camps for harvesting seeds, cuttings and plants hardened for their big adventure in the wilds of public space. If you have things going spare please leave a message in the Community forum for guerrillas near to where you live.
4. Choose plants for front line battle.
Think hardy - resistant to water shortages and the cold, and in some locations pedestrian trampling! These plants need to look after themselves a lot of the time. Think impactful - colour, ever green foliage, scale. These plants need to really make a difference, for as much of the year as possible. Visit the Community to get advice about specific plants for your part of the world, and to share your horticultural advice with the less experienced. In London I use a lot of herbs like Lavender and Thyme, tulip bulbs, shrubs.
It has been great seeing all of this coverage of guerrilla gardening in blogs. I've seen it mentioned everywhere in the past week.
The tips are good ones. Erik Knutzen, who co-maintains Homegrown Evolution, offers some good commentary in his blog. We were happy to interview him for a podcast the other day.
Thanks for the link, Alex. | {
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Desktop icons pointing to an url can be added inside the Internet browser when having the link popping up in the bookmarked or history.
Files can be mapped to default apps, so when opening the file the dialog asking what app should be used does no more pop up. This is nice but the way to revert can not be easily found. To revert it go to task manager (or apps) and do it. Unfortunately this differs between different models. | {
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NYC Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Services, P.C.
Suhana de Leon-Sanchez is a New York State licensed and ANCC Board Certified Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioner. Suhana studied at the prestigious Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh, PA. where she earned a Bachelor's degree in Biological Sciences with University Honors. She received her second bachelor's degree in nursing and a Master's degree in the Psychiatric/Mental Health Nurse Practitioner program at Columbia University. Suhana has been inducted into several academic honor societies including Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Kappa Phi. She is also a member of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association.
Suhana trained at St. Luke's Roosevelt Hospital and has worked in a variety of clinical settings. She began her career in psychiatry at Payne Whitney/New York Presbyterian-Weill Cornell Medical Center on an acute-care inpatient psychiatric unit for adolescents, adults, and geriatric patients. Suhana has leadership experience and has served as the Mental Health Site Director for HELP/PSI, Inc.'s Brooklyn primary care FQHC/Article 28 clinic. Suhana currently works in the field of tobacco cessation as a Nurse Practitioner/Tobacco Treatment Specialist at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Hospital in New York City. She has experience providing psychopharmacology (med management) as well as individual, group, family and couples psychotherapy.
Suhana boasts years of experience in treating adult patients with Depression, Bipolar Disorder, Substance Abuse/Dependence, Anxiety, Psychosis, Eating Disorders, PTSD, ADHD, OCD, and many other psychiatric disorders that cause emotional suffering and dysfunction. Suhana demonstrates expertise working with individuals who are struggling with issues related to family-of-origin, self esteem and growth, loss, chronic and terminal illness, life transitions (marriage, childbirth, divorce, job loss), gender and sexuality, infertility/miscarriage, and interpersonal relationships. She has been trained in various modalities of psychotherapy which she applies daily in her supportive approach when prescribing psychotropic medications. She prides herself in her ability to utilize evidence-based-practice to help patients improve their quality of life and functioning through education and support. Suhana is passionate about and dedicated to helping individuals heal in partnership according to each client's individual circumstances and preferences. She ensures that patients have all their questions answered before leaving her office and takes the necessary time needed to establish appropriate treatment plans so that patients feel comfortable with mutual decisions for treatment.
Suhana is currently accepting new patients for medication management. *Psychotherapy with this provider is available on a limited basis, please inquire with our office staff about her availability.
© 2019 NYC Psychiatric Nurse Practitioner Services, P.C. All rights reserved. | {
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Solvang man accuses driver who killed his wife and children of murder
Vanessa Bley and Max Gleason with their children, Lucienne Gleason and Desmond Gleason
By JOSH FRIEDMAN
The Santa Barbara County Sheriff's Office has identified the two young children who were killed, along with their mother, in a fiery head-on collision last month on Highway 154. The children's father has accused the other driver of murdering his family in a failed suicide attempt.
Shortly before 5 p.m. on Oct. 25, John Roderick Dungan was driving a Camaro westbound when he crossed into the eastbound lane and slammed head-on into a sedan driven by Rebecca Vanessa Gloss Bley, 34, of Solvang. Bley and her kids, two-year-old Lucienne Gleason and four-month-old Desmond Gleason, died at the scene.
Dungan suffered critical injuries and was airlifted to Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital.
An SUV that was following behind the sedan also crashed. A father and son who were inside the SUV emerged from the crash uninjured.
The crash ignited a blaze that burned two acres before firefighters extinguished it.
Sheriff's officials waited to release the identities of the deceased children until a DNA test had been conducted. A deputy coroner investigator with the Sacramento County Sheriff's Office ultimately confirmed the children's identities with the use of an ANDE Rapid DNA instrument, according to the officials.
Prior to sheriff's office releasing the identities of the children, their father had already done so in a Facebook post. Max Gleason alleged in the Facebook post that his wife and children were murdered.
"The love of my life, Vanessa Bley (34), and our two children, Lucienne Bley Gleason (2 years old) and Desmond Bley Gleason (4 months old), were murdered" Gleason wrote. "My family was murdered. Their death was not some senseless, random act, but a deliberate act of evil. Evil exists in the world. It inhabited John Roderick Dungan and he deliberately ran into my wife's car in attempt to kill himself and kill others. He succeeded in the latter but not the former. He is still alive. My family is dead."
Gleason continued on to state, citing Taoism, that evil exists in the world as a counterpoint to love and both are part of a divine process.
A CHP investigation into the crash and the circumstances surrounding it is ongoing. The CHP has requested that anyone who witnessed the crash or has information about it call (805) 967-1234.
Two men charged with gang killings escape Monterey County Jail
Thieves snatch nearly $6,000 in goods from Pismo Beach stores
A lifetime of trauma for him. I cannot even fathom the sadness.
ShootTheMessenger
This is very sad…
But the majority of fatal auto accidents where one of the drivers is negligent, except DUI, doesn't even get a ticket.
(sorry I posted this comment on the wrong story about the mall thefts)
God! How do you recover and go forward with your life after something like this? Mr. Gleason, words can not express enough condolences. | {
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Roof Restoration Brisbane represents a team of roofing contractors servicing the Brisbane region. Our roof experts are specialists in roof restorations and replacements and all other roof related services. The roofers all own and operate their own independent businesses and are strictly licensed and insured. If you're in need of a roof restoration or a roof replacement, then look no further - we have the finest roofers in Brisbane ready to help you. We offer a free inspection and quote service. If you're in the Brisbane area, typically we can be onsite within a few days inspect your roof and discuss with you your requirements. Call us now on (07) 3555 7516 to book your free inspection. Roof Restoration Brisbane services all the Brisbane area including suburbs such as Annerley, Woolloongabba, Greenslopes, Tarragindi, Moorooka, Holland Park, Coorparoo, Camp Hill, Carina Heights, Manly and Manly West and of course the Mount Gravatt areas. | {
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Life-sized photos of the world's biggest bugs in full color.Life-sized photos of the world's biggest..
More mighty machines in full color for the kids who love them. These two-wheelers are monsters of sp..
A beautifully illustrated dictionary of 26 birds.A beautifully illustrated dictionary of 26 birds. .. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Q: pointer to const array of ints I've created a menu structure in an embedded system as follows:
struct DisplayMenu
{
short int MenuTitle; // Menu title text offset - the title used in the calling menu
char NoOfSubmenuItems; // number of submenuItems in this menu ? static!
char PositionInLastMenu; // position in previous menu - helps restore previous menu screen
struct DisplayMenu *PreviousMenu; // pointer to previous menu - need to be const?
struct DisplayMenu *NextMenu[MAX_NO_OF_SUBMENU_ITEMS]; // array of pointers to submenus structs - Null if no submenu...function call instead
void (*MenuFunctionsArray[MAX_NO_OF_SUBMENU_ITEMS])(void); // array of function pointers - called if no submenu. Check if null
const short int *SubMenuText; // pointer array of text offsets for submenu text - no set length variable length array allowed at end of struct in GCC at least
};
Which is instantiated thus for early prototyping:
const short int MainMenuTextStrings[]= { tSTATUS, tSETUP, tStartOfTextString, tANALYSER, tUNITS, tEndOfTextString, tUNITS, tALARM, tSCREEN, tREPORTS, tSERVICE, tStartOfTextString, tMANUAL, tAIR, tZERO, tEndOfTextString, tStartOfTextString, tMANUAL, tEndOfTextString, NULL }; // needs a new text entry
// main menu struct
struct DisplayMenu MainMenu =
{
tMENU, // Menu title
0, // number of submenus
0, // no previous menu
NULL, // no previous menu to point to
{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }, // to be set up later
{ NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL }, // function pointers
MainMenuTextStrings
};
with a view to initialising function/menu pointers and the like later
It's compiling ok with GCC but when the code is running (there is a non-dynamic menu system up and running already) the IDE (MPLABX) is struggling to view the contents MainMenu and when I try and run the function DisplayMenuItems (as below) I can't step through it
Can anyone spot anything wrong with the way I've defined the struct and instantiated it?
I plan to use the following function to display items using the struct:
void DisplayMenuItems(struct DisplayMenu* Menu)
{
while(*(Menu->SubMenuText) != NULL)
{
if(*(Menu->SubMenuText) == tStartOfTextString) //if a few text strings need to be concatenated on one line
{
while(*(Menu->SubMenuText++) != tEndOfTextString) //keep printing until you find the EndofTextString ident
WriteStringToDisplay((char*) &pText[Config.ucLanguage][*(Menu->SubMenuText)], SmallFont);
}
else /*if(*(Menu->SubMenuText) != NULL) */
{
WriteStringToDisplay((char*) &pText[Config.ucLanguage][*(Menu->SubMenuText)++], SmallFont);
}
DisplayCarriageReturn(2,SmallFont); // try and remove this eventually? Just increment Lcd.ucLine instead
}
}
GCC might be letting me get away with something I'm not supposed to here so any tips appreciated!
Many thanks
A: The problem is probably that you are modifying the pointer in the loop. That means that if the DisplayMenuItems function is called a second time, the pointer will no longer point to the MainMenuTextStrings array, but beyond it and accessing that data leads to undefined behavior.
Instead of modifying the pointer, why not simply use array indexing syntax?
Like
for (unsigned int i = 0; Menu->SubMenuText[i] != NULL; ++i)
{
...
}
| {
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Blue Ivy Carter Receives Grammy Nomination for 'Brown Skin Girl' Video
By newadmin / Published on Saturday, 12 Dec 2020 20:11 PM / No Comments / 27 views
Blue Ivy Carter is now among the youngest nominees in Grammy history after the Recording Academy acknowledged the daughter of Beyoncé and Jay-Z as a featured artist in the video for "Brown Skin Girl."
When the 2021 Grammy nominations were first announced in November, "Brown Skin Girl," from The Lion King: The Gift, only listed Beyoncé as the main nominee in the Best Music Video category.
However, on Friday the Recording Academy updated the nomination to include both Blue Ivy and WizKid, another featured artist on the track, the Associated Press reports. Saint Jhn, another artist on the track, is not among the nominees.
At eight years old (but 9 by the time of the 2021 Grammys), Blue Ivy is one of, but not the, youngest Grammy nominees in history: That distinction goes to Leah Peasall of the Peasall Sisters, who was eight when she was nominated (and won) for Album of the Year in 2000 as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack.
The "Brown Skin Girl" video has already garnered a series of accolades, including Video of the Year at the Soul Train Music Awards and the BET Awards' HER Award. At the Grammys, the Beyoncé and Jenn Nkiru-directed video will be up against Future and Drake's "Life Is Good," Harry Styles' "Adore You," Anderson .Paak's "Lockdown" and Woodkid's "Goliath." Beyoncé's Black Is King is also nominated for Best Music Film.
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January 20, 2021, No Comments on The Meaning Behind Kamala Harris's Coat at COVID-19 Memorial | {
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Syriatel had announced its interim consolidated financial statements for the period ended on 30/06/2014 that includes the statements of the second quarter of the same year.
The statements showed an increase in Syriatel revenue during the first half of 2014 by about 30% compared to the same period of 2013. Revenues overcame 34.1 billion SYP, and 56% of them were deducted (more than 19 billion SYP) for the account of the State general treasury which consists of 16.2 billion SYP and they represent the Syrian Telecom Company share of revenue, the interconnect costs (1.59 billion SYP), and the income tax (more than 1.26 billion SYP).
The second quarter revenues reached about 17.9 billion SYP with a rise of 31.58% compared to the second quarter of 2013. | {
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So . . . this event may not have happened exactly as described!
Long, long ago there lived in Japan a brave warrior known to all as Tawara Toda, or "My Lord Bag of Rice." His true name was Fujiwara Hidesato, and there is a very interesting story of how he came to change his name.
One day he sallied forth in search of adventures. . . . So he buckled on his two swords, took his huge bow, much taller than himself, in his hand, and slinging his quiver on his back started out. He had not gone far when he came to the bridge of Seta-no-Karashi spanning one end of the beautiful Lake Biwa.
No sooner had he set foot on the bridge than he saw lying right across his path a huge serpent-dragon. Its body was so big that it looked like the trunk of a large pine tree and it took up the whole width of the bridge. One of its huge claws rested on the parapet of one side of the bridge, while its tail lay right against the other. The monster seemed to be asleep, and as it breathed, fire and smoke came out of its nostrils.
At first Hidesato could not help feeling alarmed at the sight of this horrible reptile lying in his path . . . [but] putting aside all fear went forward dauntlessly. Crunch, crunch! he stepped now on the dragon's body, now between its coils, and without even one glance backward he went on his way.
He had only gone a few steps when he heard some one calling him from behind. On turning back he was much surprised to see that the monster dragon had entirely disappeared and in its place was a strange-looking man, who was bowing most ceremoniously to the ground. His red hair streamed over his shoulders and was surmounted by a crown in the shape of a dragon's head, and his sea-green dress was patterned with shells.
Hidesato knew at once that this was no ordinary mortal and he wondered much at the strange occurrence. Where had the dragon gone in such a short space of time? Or had it transformed itself into this man . . . ?
"And what is it you have to ask of me?" said Hidesato.
"I have lived now for many years in this lake and I have a large family of children and grand-children. For some time past we have lived in terror, for a monster centipede has discovered our home, and night after night it comes and carries off one of my family. I am powerless to save them. If it goes on much longer like this, not only shall I lose all my children, but I myself must fall a victim to the monster.
Hidesato felt very sorry for the Dragon King on hearing his story, and readily promised to do what he could to help him. The warrior asked where the centipede lived, so that he might attack the creature at once. The Dragon King replied that its home was on the mountain Mikami, but that as it came every night at a certain hour to the palace of the lake, it would be better to wait till then. So Hidesato was conducted to the palace of the Dragon King, under the bridge.
Strange to say, as he followed his host downwards the waters parted to let them pass, and his clothes did not even feel damp as he passed through the flood.
Never had Hidesato seen anything so beautiful as this palace built of white marble beneath the lake. He had often heard of the Sea King's palace at the bottom of the sea, where all the servants and retainers were salt-water fishes, but here was a magnificent building in the heart of Lake Biwa. The dainty goldfishes, red carp, and silvery trout, waited upon the Dragon King and his guest.
Hidesato was astonished at the feast that was spread for him. The dishes were crystallized lotus leaves and flowers, and the chopsticks were of the rarest ebony. As soon as they sat down, the sliding doors opened and ten lovely goldfish dancers came out, and behind them followed ten red-carp musicians with the koto and the samisen. Thus the hours flew by till midnight, and the beautiful music and dancing had banished all thoughts of the centipede.
The Dragon King was about to pledge the warrior in a fresh cup of wine when the palace was suddenly shaken by a tramp, tramp! as if a mighty army had begun to march not far away.
Hidesato looked . . . and, in the dim light of the starlit evening, behind the two balls of fire he saw the long body of an enormous centipede winding round the mountains, and the light in its hundred feet glowed like so many distant lanterns moving slowly towards the shore.
Nothing daunted, Hidesato took another arrow, fitted it to the notch of the bow and let fly. Again the arrow hit the mark, it struck the centipede right in the middle of its head, only to glance off and fall to the ground. The centipede was invulnerable to weapons!
When the Dragon King saw that even this brave warrior's arrows were powerless to kill the centipede, he lost heart and began to tremble with fear.
Then suddenly the warrior remembered that he had heard that human saliva was deadly to centipedes. But this was no ordinary centipede. This was so monstrous that even to think of such a creature made one creep with horror.
[But] Hidesato determined to try his last chance. So taking his last arrow and first putting the end of it in his mouth, he fitted the notch to his bow, took careful aim once more and let fly.
This time the arrow again hit the centipede right in the middle of its head, but instead of glancing off harmlessly as before, it struck home to the creature's brain. Then with a convulsive shudder the serpentine body stopped moving, and the fiery light of its great eyes and hundred feet darkened to a dull glare like the sunset of a stormy day, and then went out in blackness.
A great darkness now overspread the heavens, the thunder rolled and the lightning flashed, and the wind roared in fury, and it seemed as if the world were coming to an end. The Dragon King and his children and retainers all crouched in different parts of the palace, frightened to death, for the building was shaken to its foundation.
At last the dreadful night was over. Day dawned beautiful and clear. The centipede was gone from the mountain.
Then Hidesato called to the Dragon King to come out with him on the balcony. . . . Hidesato pointed to the lake. There lay the body of the dead centipede floating on the water, which was dyed red with its blood.
Another feast was prepared, more sumptuous than the first. All kinds of fish, prepared in every imaginable way, raw, stewed, boiled and roasted, served on coral trays and crystal dishes, were put before him, and the wine was the best that Hidesato had ever tasted in his life. . . .
His host tried to persuade the warrior to stay a few days, but Hidesato insisted on going home. . . . The Dragon King and his family were all very sorry to have him leave so soon, but since he would go they begged him to accept a few small presents (so they said) in token of their gratitude to him for delivering them forever from their horrible enemy the centipede.
The Dragon King himself accompanied the warrior as far as the bridge, and then took leave of him with many bows and good wishes, leaving the procession of servants to accompany Hidesato to his house with the presents. . . . | {
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NADA, public groups were slow to become fast friends
NADA and the publicly owned new-vehicle retailers have good relations today, with executives from the public groups on NADA boards and committees, and close cooperation in lobbying, industry analysis, and legal and regulatory matters. But it wasn't always that way.
The public deal that almost wasn't
Sid DeBoer, the founder of Lithia Motors Inc., said publicly traded groups considered it a big vote of confidence when investment guru Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway Inc., led the buyout of Van Tuyl Group, of Phoenix, then the nation's largest privately held auto retail group.
DeBoer: Public ownership from the ground floor up
In this Q&A, Sid DeBoer talks about taking Lithia Motors public and the early days of public ownership of dealership groups.
AutoNation's work with NADA helped shape today's auto retail industry
For 100 years, NADA has been the voice of dealers, from the halls of the federal government to the boardrooms of manufacturers.
NADA forms partnerships with other associations, and all of the groups benefit
NADA's partnerships with other dealership-related associations help it to bolster advocacy efforts and broaden its industry view. | {
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HechoxNosotros
The future of sustainable leather
The history of leather and leathercraft has very close ties to people all around the world and it has undoubtedly played a crucial part in the development of civilizations.
Our ancestors hunted wild animals for food and used leather to protect themselves from the elements creating crude tents, clothing, and shoes; throughout the centuries they have started evolving their techniques to be able to preserve, soften and make more flexible hides.
The earliest method was to stretch the hides and skins on the ground to dry, rubbing them with fats while they dried. This had a limited preserving and softening action.
Another process was smoking, which later became formaldehyde tanning, as this substance is found in the vapors produced by burning green leaves and branches. It was soon discovered that the rotting process could also be stopped by drying, carried out by exposure to the sun, or by the dehydrating action of salt.
Vegetable tanning was also known in very ancient times although it is not clear how the tanning action of the tannin contained in the bark of some plants (especially oak) was discovered.
Another method known since the earliest times is tanning, based on the use of alum, a mineral that is fairly widespread in nature, particularly in volcanic areas.
These methods, which gradually became more refined and efficient, allowed skins to be used in the ancient world and continued to do so for centuries after centuries up to the present day (Leather Resource 2008).
With the discovery and introduction of basic chemicals in the mid-1800s like lime and sulphuric acid, tanners gradually abandoned their traditional methods and leather production slowly became a chemically based series of processes (Brand J.J. 2009).
Today 85-90% of leather is chrome tanned and only 10-15% is veg tanned.
Leather is a byproduct of the meat industry which on its own is one of the major responsible for carbon emission in the atmosphere. Also, the use of hazardous chemicals during the tanning processes and their discharge into rivers pollute waters and consequently endangers the populations that live on the riverbanks, especially in developing countries, and their biodiversity.
In the past few years there have been a lot of movements to research sustainable processes to substitute the chrome tanning method and introduce mineral, synthetic organic tannages together with increased usage of the traditional vegetable tanning option and to develop new alternative materials to replace leather.
In addition to this, some of the main fashion groups have joined together, led by UNECE's Sustainable Development agenda, to create and implement processes to safeguard the planet: for example the introduction of the traceability of the leather at all stages of the value chain (see Leather Working Group, LIA of Textile Exchange, The ID Factory) or the creation of a Regenerative Fund (see Kering's regenerative Fund for Nature).
The objective of the traceability of the leather across the entire value chain is to monitor and improve animal and workers welfare, to implement sustainable practices in the production stages in order to minimize the harmful impacts and to maximize the positive effects (Gillespie 2019).
The Regenerative Fund for Nature created by Kering's group for example helps farmers and growers that need support to transition from current agricultural practices that have an impact on climate and nature to more regenerative practices that restore nature and mitigate climate change.
New tanning methods, alternative sustainable fibers, traceability and regenerative funds are just some of the new developments that are changing the future of fashion to be sustainable.
References and where to learn more
Liberty Leather Goods team (2021) - The Incredible History of Leather - Available at:https://www.libertyleathergoods.com/history-of-leather/
Brand J.J (2009) - The History of Leather - Available at https://ezinearticles.com/?The-History-of-Leather&id=2186656 . Accessed [8th April 2009]
Leather resource (2008) - A story that began a long time ago - Available at http://www.leatherresource.com/history.html
Gillespie A. (2019) - Leather & Beef: Adding skin to the Game - Available at https://www.slideshare.net/trufflemedia/anne-gillespie-leather-beef-adding-skin-to-the-game. Accessed [22nd January 2019]
Kering Group (2021) - Regenerative Fund for Nature - Available at: https://www.kering.com/en/sustainability/safeguarding-the-planet/regenerative-fund-for-nature/
Leather Working Group - Traceability - Available at: https://www.leatherworkinggroup.com/how-we-work/traceability
The ID Factory - Introducing the Responsible Leather roundtable (RLRT) - Available at: https://www.theidfactory.com/blog/responsible-leather-round-table/
Rigby (2019) - Stone Age chewing gum reveals the history of Scandinavian - Available at: https://images.immediate.co.uk/production/volatile/sites/4/2019/05/GettyImages-74419827-crop-a898962.jpg?quality=90&crop=4px%2C129px%2C931px%2C401px&resize=931%2C396 Accessed [26th May 2019]
La Rose (2017) - A Thirsty Industry: fashion's Colossal Water Footprint - Available at: https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/584738ff20099e6c2da92f74/1491339689395-J5LK5KLP3WY5FNOS02GT/fashion+sustainability?content-type=image%2Fjpeg Accessed [5th April 2017]
animaná and HXN stewardships of ancestral techniques and natural fibers around the world: La Chuspa
The use of alternative fibers on the rise
From a hedonic to a eudaemonic economy | {
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UFUSoft Blu-ray Player for Mac
Blu-ray Player for Mac is the first universal media player for Mac in the world. It can play Blu-ray disc or its ISO files not only on Mac, but also on iPhone/iPad/iPod touch. It can support all media formats of movie, video, audio, music and photo. It is multilanguage supported and easy handled with user-friendly interface. After adding DTS5.1 into it, Blu-ray Player for Mac can bring your Mac to the most popular Blu-ray HD video enjoyment.
Price: $59.95 Supported OS: Mac OS X 10.5, 10.6, 10.7, 10.8
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The first Blu-ray player that can support Mac
Blu-ray Player for Mac, as the world's first Blu-ray player for Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard, 10.6 Snow Leopard, Mac OS X 10.7 Lion, Mac OS X 10.8 Mountain Lion, is the unique video conversion tool that supports both Mac and Windows systems. It is its birth that finishes the history that Mac cannot play Blu-ray disc. It is powerful and distinguished. Blu-ray Player for Mac is able to support all mac models, including not only MacBook Pro, Air, Mac mini, but also imac and Mac Pro. Therefore, with this blessing tool, currently Mac users are available to enjoy their favorite Blu-ray movies on their beloved Mac devices.
Splendid Blu-ray/DVD enjoyment
Super high technology makes Blu-ray Player for Mac successfully play any commercial Blu-ray disc/DVD released in different regions. Only by live internet connection, can it load and play the BD/DVD video directly. With ultrafast loading and super high quality, Blu-ray Player for Mac makes fantastic SHD Blu-ray/DVD experience on Mac OS 10.5+ or higher system. By the way, it is very professional to support BD/DVD menu, which very convenient for you to operate movie playback.
Outstanding universal performance and all media formats supported.
Blu-ray Player for Mac is a universal media player that can play not only movies, videos, audios but also music and photos. What's more, Mac Blu-ray Player can support all media formats existing today, including Blu-ray, DVD, VideoCD, MOV, MKV, AVI, FLV, WMV, MP4, MPEG, RMVB, MP3, WMA, AAC, AC3 and more. With the arrival of this one of a kind Mac Blu-ray player, Mac users will now be able to enjoy Blu-ray quality and experience on their desktop.
Support playback of Blu-ray or DVD movies in ISO image format
Blu-ray Player for Mac plays not only Blu-ray or DVD discs but also their ISO files. If there is a movie in ISO format in your computer, open the Blu-ray Player for Mac and click on the "Open file" button. An interface then will pop up. You can select the file you want watch and start playback directly. It is easy to understand and navigate. Despite of the complex codecs and hardware acceleration techniques working in the background, we tried our best to present the most simple and convenient front for users.
Powerful High-Definition video player and hardware acceleration available.
The uniqueness of this tool doesn't end at the fact that it is the very first Blu-ray player for Mac. Mac Blu-ray Player can directly play Blu-ray and DVD movie without any quality loss. Mac Blu-ray Player keeps the outputting video with the high-definition quality without loss of data and frame. It allows full preservation of all audio tracks (like DTS HD Master Audio, Dolby TrueHD Audio, etc.), subs streams, chapter markers and videos. Also, it supports NVIDIA's CUDA acceleration technology.
DTS 5.1 guarantees super high quality of output.
It is well known that DTS5.1 can guarantee super high quality of the outputting. Mac Blu-ray Player does support DTS 5.1 for Mac initially in the world. At present, Blu-ray Player for Mac can support DTS 5.1 in v.1.9.5 and its upper versions for Mac platforms as well as Windows. It is DTS 5.1 that make Mac Blu-ray Player even better. After adding DTS5.1 into it, Mac Blu-ray Player can bring your Mac to the most fantastic HD video enjoyment.
Support Blu-ray on iPhone/iPad/iPod touch
In the newly upgraded 2 serial versions and its subsequent versions, Mac Blu-ray Player can make Blu-ray playable on iPhone/iPad/iPod touch through its the core technology – AirX. It is easy to understand and operate. Ensuring your computer and your iPhone/iPad/iPod are connected in the same Wi-Fi environment, Blu-ray Player for Mac can make Blu-ray movies playable on these Apple mobile devices via AirX.TV.
Share movie or video information with friends anywhere and anytime.
Mac Blu-ray Player is the unique and universal Blu-ray player for Mac. It is an amazing and powerful Blu-ray player with distinguished functions. One of the very distinctive features of this multi-purpose universal Blu-ray player is its 'share' function. With this function, you can recommend the movie you like to all of your friends anywhere and anytime. Also, post your suggestions or reviews about the movies to Facebook or Twitter through the 'share' button.
Mac Blu-ray Player:
Mac OS X 10.5+ to 10.8
Intel Core2 Duo 2.4GHz processor or higher recommended
512 MB RAM or higher recommended
250 MB of free disk space.
A internal or external Blu-ray drive
USB≥ 2.0 or FireWire≥ 400
Support Media Formats:
Input Media:
BD(Blu-ray disc)
Blu-ray ISO
Video CD / VCD
Audio CD (no DTS-CD)
Raw Audio: DTS, AAC, AC3/A52
Support Equipments:
MacBook Air, MacBook Pro, iMac, Mac mini, Mac Pro(MAC OS 10.5-10.8)
iPhone 3GS,4,4S
iTouch (iOS should be 3 or later)
Input Formats:
MPEG (ES,PS,TS,PVA,MP3)
ASF / WMV / WMA
MP4 / MOV / 3GP
Matroska (MKV)
WAV (including DTS)
FLV (Flash)
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Grace Ann Melzia Bumbry (* 4. Januar 1937 in St. Louis, Missouri) ist eine US-amerikanische Opernsängerin (Sopran und Mezzosopran). Sie studierte an der Boston University, an der Northwestern University in Evanston (Illinois) und 1955–1958 an der Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara (Kalifornien). In der internationalen Musikwelt erlangte sie ihren Durchbruch 1961 bei den Bayreuther Festspielen in der Rolle der Venus in Richard Wagners Tannhäuser. Aufgrund ihrer Hautfarbe wurde sie als "Schwarze Venus" tituliert. Neben vielen Wagner- und Verdi-Rollen sang sie auch sehr erfolgreich die Rolle der Bess in George Gershwins Porgy and Bess.
Leben
Grace Bumbry ist die Tochter eines Eisenbahnangestellten und einer Hausfrau. Aufgewachsen in St. Louis (Missouri), wurde Grace Bumbry von ihren Eltern auf die Charles Summer High School geschickt (die erste afroamerikanische High School westlich des Mississippi River).
Während ihrer Jugend sang Grace Bumbry im Kirchenchor. Im Alter von 17 Jahren gewann sie zum ersten Mal bei einem Radiowettbewerb, nachdem sie die Arie der Eboli "O don fatale" aus Verdis Don Carlos vorgetragen hatte. Sie gewann dabei auch ein Studium am St. Louis Institute of Music, welches sich jedoch weigerte, Grace Bumbry aufzunehmen, da man wegen der Rassentrennung in den Südstaaten keine schwarzen Kursteilnehmer wollte.
Ein Auftritt beim Talent Scout Programm von Arthur Godfrey brachte ihr ein Stipendium für die Northwestern University in Evanston (Illinois) ein, das durch zwei mäzenatische Familien gefördert wurde. Danach besuchte sie die Boston University. Auf eine Einladung der in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus emigrierten deutschen Sopranistin Lotte Lehmann, deren bedeutendste Schülerin sie wurde, wechselte Bumbry zur Music Academy nach Santa Barbara.
1958 war sie zusammen mit der Sopranistin Martina Arroyo Siegerin der Hörproben in der Metropolitan Opera und gab in Basel ihr Bühnen-Debüt, ein Jahr später ihr Konzertdebüt in London. 1960 sang sie an der Pariser Oper die Amneris in Verdis Aida. Anschließend engagierte Wieland Wagner sie für die Bayreuther Festspiele. Mit der Rolle der Venus in Wagners Tannhäuser von 1961 hatte sich Grace Bumbry in Europa etabliert. Als erste "schwarze Venus" bei den Bayreuther Festspielen (mit der Venusberg-Choreografie von Maurice Béjart) löste sie den von Wagner einkalkulierten Pressewirbel aus. Später wurde sie von Jacqueline Kennedy eingeladen, im Weißen Haus zu singen.
Bumbry trat 1997 vorläufig von der Opernbühne ab. 2007 sang sie Lieder- und Arienabende u. a. in Kiel, Hamburg, London, Paris, Moskau, Wien und Tokio. Im Frühjahr 2010 kehrte sie nach 13 Jahren auf die Opernbühne zurück. Grace Bumbry sang die Partie der Monisha in Scott Joplins einziger Oper Treemonisha an der Seite von Adina Aaron und Willard White im Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris. Hier trat sie im Frühjahr 2012 erneut mit einem Liederabend mit ausgewählten Titeln amerikanischer Komponisten auf. Kurz darauf, im März 2012, gab Grace Bumbry in der konzertanten Premiere der Oper Candide von Leonard Bernstein an der Deutschen Oper Berlin die Rolle der Old Lady an der Seite von Simone Kermes. Im Januar 2013 sang sie erstmals die Gräfin in Tschaikowskis Pique Dame an der Wiener Staatsoper.
Grace Bumbry gibt weltweit Meisterkurse. Zudem hat sie zahlreiche Verpflichtungen als Jurorin bei Gesangswettbewerben sowie als Gründerin der Vokal- und Opernakademie an der Berliner Universität der Künste.
Stimmlage
Zunächst festgelegt auf Mezzopartien, begann Grace Bumbry bald auch Sopranpartien zu singen: Salome, Aida, Tosca und die Lady Macbeth, weiterhin Norma, Santuzza, Cassandre, Chimène (in Le Cid), Elisabeth (in Tannhäuser), Elvira (in Ernani), Leonora (in Il trovatore) und die Bess. Weitere Mezzo-Hauptrollen in ihrem Repertoire waren: Dalila, Didon (in Les Troyens), Herodiade (Titelrolle in Massenets gleichnamiger Oper), Laura, Adalgisa, Ulrica, Azucena, Orfeo und Poppea. Eindrucksvoll ist der Wechsel Grace Bumbrys in ein völlig neues Stimmfach – vom Mezzosopran zum hochdramatischen Sopran.
Ihre Stimme ist voluminös, dunkel timbriert und höhensicher. Neben Studioeinspielungen geben insbesondere Live-Aufnahmen den besonderen Charakter ihrer Stimme wieder und zeigen die spezifische dramatische Spannung auf, die aus ihrem Sinn für rhythmische Präzision und eloquente Artikulation entsteht.
Als Liedinterpretin trat Bumbry gemeinsam mit verschiedenen Pianisten, unter ihnen Leonard Hokanson, Sebastian Peschko, Erik Werba und in den letzten Jahren Alexander Schmalcz, hervor.
Engagements
1960: Stadttheater Basel
1961: am 23. Juli internationaler Durchbruch bei den Bayreuther Festspielen
1963: verschiedene Auftritte an der Covent Garden Oper London, als Eboli in Verdis Don Carlos
1965: erstmals an der Metropolitan Opera New York
1966 und 1967 Carmen bei den Salzburger Festspielen
1967: Musikfilm Carmen
1970: Interpretationen von Sopranpartien (Salome, Tosca, Jenůfa, La Gioconda, Aida, Elisabetta im Don Carlos und Medea)
1979: an der Pariser Oper als Abigaille im Nabucco von Verdi
1990: Eröffnungsvorstellung der neu erbauten Opéra Bastille Paris
1997: Abschied von der Opernbühne als Klytaemnestra in Richard Strauss' Oper Elektra an der Opéra National de Lyon
2010: Rückkehr auf die Opernbühne als Monisha in Scott Joplins Oper Treemonisha am Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris.
Ehrungen
Grace Bumbry ist seit dem 17. Mai 1992 in den Saint Louis "Walk of Fame" aufgenommen worden, wurde zur Ehrendoktorin des Ebner-Rust College Holy Springs (Missouri) und der University of Missouri St. Louis ernannt (1980) und an UNESCO-Projekten beteiligt (The Slave Route Project). Grace Bumbry erhielt den Alumna-Preis von der Akademie Musik des Westens, bekam den Premio Giuseppe Verdi von Italien verliehen und wurde 1996 zum Commandeur des französischen Ordens Ordre des Arts et des Lettres durch die französische Regierung ernannt. Im Dezember 2009 wurde ihr vom amerikanischen Präsidenten Barack Obama der Preis Kennedy Center Honors (dt. Kennedy-Preis) des Kennedy Centers in Washington D.C. für ihr Lebenswerk verliehen. Im Rahmen des Österreichischen Musiktheaterpreises 2017 wurde sie mit dem Preis für das Lebenswerk ausgezeichnet.
CD-Aufnahmen
Bellini: Norma (Rolle: Norma) Dynamic
Bizet: Carmen (Rolle: Carmen) EMI
de Falla: Der Liebeszauber Deutsche Grammophon
Gluck: Orfeo ed Euridice (Rolle: Orfeo) Berlin Classics
Händel: Messiah Decca
Mascani: Cavalleria rusticana (Rolle: Santuzza) Melodram
Massenet: Le Cid (Rolle: Chimène) CBS
Strauss, Johann II: Der Zigeunerbaron (Rolle: Saffi) EMI
Strawinsky: The Rake's Progress (Rolle: Baba the Turk) Erato
Verdi: Die Macht des Schicksals Querschnitt (Rolle: Leonora) Berlin Classics
Verdi: Don Carlo (Rolle: Eboli) Decca
Verdi: Aida (Rolle: Amneris) RCA
Verdi: Macbeth (Rolle: Lady Macbeth) Orfeo
Verdi: Messa da Requiem Myto
Wagner: Tannhäuser (Rolle: Venus) Philips
Berühmte Opernarien Orfeo
Early Recordings Deutsche Grammophon
Arias and Songs Gala
With Love Polydor
DVD-Aufnahmen
Bizet Carmen (Rolle: Carmen) Deutsche Grammophon
Verdi Don Carlo (Rolle: Eboli) Deutsche Grammophon
Verdi Messa da Requiem EMI
Hommage á Lotte Lehmann TDK
Aida's Brothers & Sisters – Black Voices in Opera and Concert Arthaus
Literatur
Bumbry, Grace. In: Großes Sängerlexikon. 2000, S. 3324–3326
Weblinks
Interview (englisch)
Interview (englisch)
Interview (deutsch)
Anlässlich der Verleihung des Kennedy-Preises (englisch)
Offizielle Homepage von Grace Bumbry (englisch)
Einzelnachweise
Opernsänger
Sopran
UNESCO-Sonderbotschafter
Träger des Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Komtur)
Person (Bayreuther Festspiele)
US-Amerikaner
Geboren 1937
Frau | {
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Kate Middleton Reveals Prince Louis's Adorable Outdoor Hobby
This is the kind of wholesome content we need
Image: Getty
– Making a visit to the Royal Horticultural Society's garden in Wisley yesterday morning, Kate Middleton revealed to another garden-goer that her one-year-old son, Prince Louis, "loves smelling flowers."
– The young prince apparently also loves spending time outside, the duchess added.
Related Article: The Duchess of Cambridge Goes Gardening In An Emilia Wickstead Dress
Royals may have splendid palaces across the continent at their disposal, but that doesn't mean they don't also enjoy the occasional flirtation with the great outdoors. While Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge, made a surprise visit to the Royal Horticultural Society's garden yesterday morning in Wisley, she also divulged that her one-year-old son, Prince Louis, is among those British monarchs with a predilection to Mother Earth.
According to fellow garden attendee Sarah Griffiths, the duchess "was telling us how her son Louis loves smelling flowers. He enjoys being outside."
Related Article: Meghan Markle Supports Serena Williams At The US Open
The experiences we gain during our earliest years influences who we become as people. They influence how we interact in school, in work and in society and, ultimately how we bring up our own children. Whether it is planting 🌳 exploring 🔍 digging ⛏ creating 🎨 or playing; quality time spent outside provides children with the perfect environment to form those positive relationships with the people in their lives and the world around them. There is a well-known proverb – that it takes a village to raise a child – everyone here represents an integral part of that very village. By coming together, having fun, learning and experiencing new things, we can all impart life-long benefits on our children. The Duchess of Cambridge, at the #BacktoNature festival at @rhswisley 🍂 which celebrates the value of communities to our wellbeing and marks the culmination of the RHS garden project. 🎥 Footage courtesy of @the_rhs
A post shared by Duke and Duchess of Cambridge (@kensingtonroyal) on Sep 10, 2019 at 1:25pm PDT
Kate also reportedly played with Griffiths's young daughter, Matilda. As Matilda squirmed in her mother's arms, the duchess danced along to the soft jazz playing in the background, asking the young girl, "Do you like the music?"
The royal Cambridge family seems to have spent plenty of time outdoors this past summer. During the July King Power Royal Charity Polo Day event, for instance, Prince Louis was photographed outside while making funny faces with his mother and modeling a pair of oversized sunglasses.
And in a sweet exchange during a Wimbledon match in July, Kate obtained a new pair of the coolest sneakers for the young royal. The autographed Adidas Stan Smith kicks were a gift from tennis legend Stan Smith himself. Now, the prince can definitely play outside to his heart's content—and do so in style.
Related Article: Prince George And Princess Charlotte Arrive For Their First Day Of School
King Power Royal Charity Polo Day
Prince Louis of Cambridge
ROYAL FAMILY NEWS | {
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Take the Package and Run
Posted by Mish | March 22, 2006 4:18:00 | Uncategorized
CNN Money is reporting GM offers workers up to $140K to leave.
General Motors is offering hourly workers as much as $140,000 each to leave the troubled automaker as it extends its push to cut labor costs and put an end to billions of dollars in losses.
GM announced the agreement with the United Auto Workers union Wednesday, though it did not give the details of the offer extended to all of its 113,000 U.S. hourly employees.
But a person familiar with terms of the offer said that UAW members with at least 10 years of service at the world's largest automaker will get $140,000 if they give up the retiree health care coverage that has become a crippling burden for GM. Those workers will keep their accrued pension benefits.
Those with less than 10 years service will get $70,000 if they leave without the health care coverage.
Industry experts said that relatively few GM employees were likely to take the buyouts, though, since most of them are eligible for an alternative early retirement package announced Wednesday that would allow them to keep their health care coverage.
Some workers could receive more than $100,000 under the early retirement plan, and that could limit the cost-savings to GM, analysts said.
"It's a major step forward but it's certainly no where near all what they have to accomplish to turn North America around," said David Healy at Burnham Securities, who does not have a formal rating on the stock.
The company announced the early retirement package as part of long-awaited contract agreement with bankrupt auto parts maker Delphi and the UAW — a deal seen as key to avoiding a crippling strike at the parts supplier.
Some analysts said GM's moves were not enough to change their view of the stock, and the stock barely edged higher in afternoon trading on the New York Stock Exchange.
Efraim Levy, an auto analyst at Standard & Poor's, reiterated his "sell" recommendation on GM stock after the announcement. "I don't look at it as a particular positive by itself," he said.
Levy said most workers know the value of the retiree health care plan at GM and will not forfeit that benefit. "I'm sure there are people who could use an immediate cash infusion, but I don't think it'll be a big percentage," Levy said. "I don't think I would take that deal."
He said most who do take it will have another source for health coverage, such as a spouses' health plan, or will be those who doubt GM's retiree health care plan will survive in the long run.
He also said the agreement with Delphi, while an important step to avoiding a strike there, also is not a final solution to the negotiations between the bankrupt auto parts maker and the union.
UAW President Ron Gettelfinger said that while the union leaders support the buyout and early retirement offers, they still have serious disagreements with Delphi.
The top pay for a GM hourly employee is $27 an hour, but with benefits and future health care costs GM estimates that hour of work costs the company $73.73. The flat wage works out to about $56,000 a year before overtime, so those taking a $140,000 buyout would get about 2-1/2 years of pay in the lump sum.
GM has an incentive to offer buyouts and early retirement because of job guarantees for UAW members that run through September 2007. It announced plans in November to close a dozen plants and slash 30,000 jobs in North America, but without employees taking early retirement or the buyouts, GM will have to keep paying them almost their full salary.
GM also has contract obligations to the union members at Delphi, which it spun off in 1999. It said those costs could have gone as high as $12 billion, though last week it said the cost would likely be closer to the $5.5 billion pretax charge it took in the fourth quarter.
GM announced Wednesday it will take additional charges this year as part of the new offer.
Delphi executives, who are seeking steep concessions and set a March 30 deadline for a deal, have threatened to go to the bankruptcy court to have its labor deals thrown out without an agreement. The union has threatened a strike if Delphi takes that step.
Delphi said it will keep talking to try to reach a pact with the UAW and other unions at Delphi. But the three-way agreement announced Wednesday could clear the way for those pacts.
S&P;'s Levy is among those who do not think there will be a strike at Delphi. "There's too much at risk not to reach an agreement," he said.
Under the early retirement offer, GM's eligible workers are being offered $35,000 to retire now. GM also will offer 13,000 Delphi employees with 30 years of service the same $35,000 to retire. And GM is also offering jobs at GM to 5,000 Delphi employees to help its former parts unit cut costs.
GM has 36,000 U.S. hourly employees with at least 30 years of service who are eligible for retirement. Another 27,000 are within three years of that threshold, according to GM.
The latter group will also get an early retirement offer of $30,000 to $36,000 a year as they accrue service. The GM and Delphi employees who take those retirement incentives will retain their health care coverage.
The company says the average GM hourly employee is 50.4 years old and has 24 years of service, so a majority of the U.S. hourly work force is within a couple of years of retirement and will probably not even have to weigh giving up their retiree health care coverage.
I am struggling to reconcile two paragraphs from the article:
1) UAW members with at least 10 years of service at the world's largest automaker will get $140,000 if they give up the retiree health care coverage that has become a crippling burden for GM. Those workers will keep their accrued pension benefits.
2) Under the early retirement offer, GM's eligible workers are being offered $35,000 to retire now. GM also will offer 13,000 Delphi employees with 30 years of service the same $35,000 to retire. And GM is also offering jobs at GM to 5,000 Delphi employees to help its former parts unit cut costs.
It seems the difference between $35,000 and $140,000 is in giving up retiree health coverage. At $140,000 per employee, does anyone think these terms will ever get better?
Given that GM has an incentive to offer buyouts and early retirement because of job guarantees for UAW members that run through September 2007, it would seem likely that any such offers would be likely to decrease over time. Offers would end abruptly if GM decided to heck with it all and just filed for bankruptcy.
GM has 36,000 U.S. hourly employees with at least 30 years of service who are eligible for retirement. Another 27,000 are within three years of that threshold.
If everyone with 27 years of service takes the offer and drops the medical coverage, that would be 63,000 workers at $140,000 each or $8,820,000,000. That is quite a bit of cash given that Those workers will keep their accrued pension benefits.
Does GM even want to get rid of 63,000 workers? The announced cutback was 30,000 workers. Assume they are willing to get rid of another 15,000 workers. 45,000 workers at $140,000 each would set GM back $6,300,000,000.
But how does that even let GM off the hook? It would chew up considerable cash and GM would still have pension obligations.
It seems to me that this is a more than fair offer and the employees should take it.
Wouldn't $140,000 buy a lot of medical coverage if one wanted it?
Those over 65 would be eligible for Medicare would they not, so why not take the money and run?
I just do not comprehend this position by the S&P;: Levy said most workers know the value of the retiree health care plan at GM and will not forfeit that benefit. "I'm sure there are people who could use an immediate cash infusion, but I don't think it'll be a big percentage," Levy said. "I don't think I would take that deal."
In light of the fact that the S&P; has the odds of a GM bankruptcy at 30% and Levy himself "reiterated his "sell" recommendation on GM stock after the announcement. "I don't look at it as a particular positive by itself" he said, one can only wonder "What the heck is he thinking?" One can get 2 1/2 years pay and still not lose pension benefits or stay and worry about bankruptcy and the terms thereof for the rest of his life!
As I see it, there should be 63,000 workers scrambling for a mere 30,000 to 45,000 potential offers.
I did a quick post on this earlier today on the Motley FOOL without crunching through the numbers and this is what Kestral had to say:
Having seen people around me who have been offered packages, the right choice so far has always seemed to be to TAKE THE PACKAGE.
A typical example: a friend of mine worked for a school board for 20 years as a teacher assistant and the board needed to cut budget, so they offered her and some of her colleagues a package. She took the package which was a lump sum of money.
The board started doing things to those that stayed to "motivate" them to leave (e.g. assigning the TAs to two schools, one in the morning in the east side of town, then one in the afternoon on the west side). Those people got no package.
In other cases, packages were offered again but a lower amount.
So from what I've seen, when the offer a package: Do not pass GO, bypass Boardwalk, take a ride on the Reading Railroad and go directly to PACKAGE. TAKE IT.
On the assumption that $140,000 is indeed a valid offer I have to agree with Kestral "Do not pass GO, bypass Boardwalk, take a ride on the Reading Railroad and go directly to PACKAGE. TAKE IT." | {
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Q: Node.js Express framework: can't get CSS file I want to access my .html with localhost via node.js.
I use the express framework for this. My .html contains some CSS, but this doesn't get loaded with the html file.
Code:
var express = require('express');
var app = express();
app.use(express.static('public'));
app.engine('.html', require('ejs').renderFile);
app.get('/', function(req, res) {
res.render('FrontPage.html');
});
app.listen(3000, function(){
console.log("listening to 3000");
})
HTML:
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./css/FrontPageCSS.css">
</head>
<body style="background-image:url(./img/bg.jpg)">
<div id="header">
<a href="./frontPage.html"><img src="./img/Logo.png" height="5%" width="5%" alt="logo"></a>
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="./script/FrontPageJS.js"></script>
</div>
<div id="buttonWrapper">
<div id="first" class="first">
This is my first button
</div>
<div id="second" class="second">
This is my second button
</div>
</div>
CSS:
div#header{
text-align: center;
}
div#buttonWrapper{
text-align: center;
}
div.madeBefore, div.madeNotBefore{
border-radius: 25px;
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, #ffc300 , #ff8300);
background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom right, #ffc300, #ff8300);
background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom right, #ffc300, #ff8300);
background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #ffc300 , #ff8300);
width: 500px;
height: 425px;
margin-right: 50px;
padding:50px;
padding-top: 250px;
padding-bottom: 0px;
display: inline-block;
vertical-align: top;
text-shadow: 0 2px 3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3), 0 -1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
color: #B36103;
font-size: 60px;
text-align: center;
}
div.madeNotBefore{
margin-right: 0px;
}
div.madeBefore:hover, div.madeNotBefore:hover{
background: -webkit-linear-gradient(left top, #ff7600 , #e96c00);
background: -o-linear-gradient(bottom right, #ff7600, #e96c00);
background: -moz-linear-gradient(bottom right, #ff7600, #e96c00);
background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, #ff7600 , #e96c00);
}
How do I make sure the CSS gets sended togheter with the .html?
A: Add this:
var path = require('path');
app.use(express.static(path.join(__dirname, 'public')));
create folder public, put css files inside and in your html file:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/FrontPageCSS.css" />
A: You need to make sure your css content is inside your public folder. For example if you have a folder css inside public folder and your css file is named FrontPageCSS.css then you can use it like this
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/FrontPageCSS.css">
You can asume that you are inside public for references.
A: Before doing anything:
1) Verify that public/ is in the main folder of the server. (So wherever your server file is, public/ should in that same directory)
2) ...verify the css file is actually there.
Then, use this to make the /public directory static:
app.use(express.static(__dirname + '/public'));
And in your file, set this to get your CSS:
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/css/FrontPageCSS.css">
| {
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Q: Casein form for ActiveRecord::Store hash I have a Rails 4.2 app which uses Casein 5.1 as an admin interface. I've scaffolded the Page model with regular fields (title and content) in the normal way, which works fine, but I can't work out how to add values to a hash properties which uses ActiveRecord::Store:
#page.rb
class Page < ActiveRecord::Base
store :properties
end
All I've changed in the controller is adding properties to the permitted params:
#pages_controller.rb
def page_params
params.require(:page).permit(:title, :content, :properties)
end
The form at the moment looks like this:
<div class="col-lg-6">
<%= casein_text_field f, f.object, :title %>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<%= casein_text_area f, f.object, :content %>
</div>
<%= f.fields_for :properties do |ff| %>
<div class="col-lg-6">
<%= casein_text_field ff, ff.object, :test_property %>
</div>
<% end %>
The properties hash is being saved as an empty hash. How can I pass a value so that properties.test_property can be changed via the admin?
edit: If someone with enough rep wanted to create a Casein tag, that would be cool.
A: In the model: store :properties, accessors: [:test_property]
In the controller: params.require(:page).permit(:test_property)
In the page form:
<%= casein_text_field f, f.object, :test_property %>
Then use it, e.g. @page.test_property
(I found the answer to this ages ago and forgot to update the question)
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaStackExchange"
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For unsurpassed quality and style, this amazing dog lead will not disappoint you. Features 5 leather flowers, hand-painted edges, and Swarovski Stones that are sure to dazzle you. Each stone is secured with a back rivet in their center.
Please pick the color of your leash, the top flower, the bottom flower, and the stone for this custom designer dog leash. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
} | 5,484 | [
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This forum has been requested by several persons, I want to try this and see how it works, my hope is that it will help people taking full advantage of the ChibiOS ecosystem.
Only developments around or related to ChibiOS can be handled here.
After the first contact, transactions must be completed privately between the interested parties.
Completed projects can be mentioned on the forum by developers if both parties agree.
Developers can post to advertise their services, we can pin/lock posts on request.
Buyers can open new topics requesting to be contacted or PM advertising developers directly.
Prefix development advertising posts with [DEV], development requests with [REQUEST].
If advertising services please be very specific about what kind of services you are offering.
Do not link external consultant sites from here.
We keep for us the right to remove any post, don't even try to register just to offer services, a minimum of "history" on the forum is required and carefully checked for developers.
ChibiOS ports to new/custom platforms.
Development of special device drivers.
ChibiOS integration with 3rd parties software.
Development of whole subsystems or applications.
This topic remains open for information and discussion, everything else must be strictly related to the forum topic. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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China Peddles Lies to Cover Up Origin of Covid Pandemic
Facing global outrage over their mishandling of COVID-19, the Chinese are working overtime to cover up their role in unleashing a deadly virus upon the world.
The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is trying everything to distract, deflect, distort, and deceive.
Along with commissioning TV shows and propaganda spectaculars falsely praising China's handling of the COVID-19 crisis, the CCP is now also pushing the idea that the virus didn't come from China and trial ballooning new far-fetched theories under the banner of "science."
A scientific researcher named Alexander Kekulé, the director of the Institute for Biosecurity Research in Halle, Germany, became the latest unwitting prop for the CCP's latest propaganda efforts when Chinese state-run media took his findings out of context to suggest that the Coronavirus started in Italy, not China.
If you believe that, I also have a bridge in Brooklyn I'd like to sell you.
Dr. Kekulé has repeatedly stated that he believes the virus originated in China and has been startled by Chinese media's usage of his photo and findings with headlines such as "China is innocent!"
"This is pure propaganda," said Dr. Kekulé in an interview.
Such accusations haven't flagged the propagandists in Beijing from inventing new bald-faced lies in their attempt to knit a new narrative or in lieu of that muddy the truth.
In recent days, the Chinese communists have aired a variety of baseless claims, including that packaged food from overseas might have brought the virus to China, including on pork from Germany, shrimp from Ecuador, salmon from Norway, and other products.
The Chinese communists are literally throwing food against the wall and seeing what sticks.
In addition, "scientists" on the CCP payroll have published a "scientific" paper suggesting that the Coronavirus pandemic could have started in India.
These coverup campaigns reflect the anxiety wracking the Chinese Communists over their malicious bungling of the COVID-19 outbreak. Unwilling to suffer by themselves, the Chinese communists purposely failed to alert the world to the outbreak and covered up the evidence.
Whatever shine China's rising star had before the pandemic is now dimmed and dwarfed by the COVID-19 pandemic which has killed around 2 million and wrecked economies, jobs and livelihoods worldwide.
In the clumsy fashion that is the hallmark of the Chinese communist party who is used to believing – and having their people believe – their own lies, the CCP is making an awkward attempt to muddy the waters as the World Health Organization begins an investigation into the question of how the virus jumped from animals to humans.
China, which has stacked the ranks of the World Health Organization, has maintained a tight grip on the investigation by designating Chinese "scientists" (read: communist functionaries who outsource their brain cells to their Beijing puppet masters) to lead key parts of the investigation.
Refusing to accept responsibility for its massive lies, failures, and shortcomings is nothing new for the children at the helm of the Chinese Communist Party, starting with manchild in chief, Xi Jingping who is more brittle than a rice-paper origami to the smallest of slights.
The Chinese communists are thumbing through their well-worn playbook of blaming foreigners for their problems, which allows them an opportunity to stoke nationalist fervor and distract from massive domestic problems such as poverty, corruption, and toxic pollution of China's natural resources.
"If Xi is able to escape blame for the coronavirus, that reduces one major source of discontent with his rule," said Erin Baggott Carter, an assistant professor of political science at the University of Southern California.
For months, Chinese communist flunkies have flailed in their casting about to redirect blame from themselves, including at one point declaring that the United States military brought the virus to the city of Wuhan.
Now Experts and officials are now going further, trying to give falsehoods about the origins of the virus the veneer of scientific fact.
"China uses everything for propaganda," Dr. Kekulé said in an interview. "I started to realize that I had to do something about it."
But Dr. Kekulé's efforts were largely in vain. Video clips of his remarks about Europe had already spread widely on the Chinese internet.
A simple phrase appeared in red writing above Dr. Kekulé's face in a meme that circulated online: "Not Wuhan."
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How Akatsuki is the most important new band of the year
July 24, 2021July 24, 2021| adminadmin| 0 Comment | 8:42 pm
The most important band of 2015 has arrived in New York.
Akatsuki's new album, A Moment of Truth, was released last week, and it's the band's first official release since they split in 2015.
The new album has received strong reviews from critics, and the band is gearing up for the next big release.
But in order to do that, they need to get to know each other.
The band is known for their charismatic stage presence, which has earned them a place on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Here, we dive into the band, the world of music, and what it's like being a leader in the music industry.1.
Akimoto's leadership is top-notchA lot of people say they like a good leader.
But not everyone has that experience in the world.
And that's where Akimoto comes in.
The young singer and songwriter was born in a small town in Japan's Kagoshima Prefecture, and when he was five, his father decided to take him to the Japanese military academy to learn about warfighting.
His parents worked hard to raise their son in a military household, and Akimoto recalls how hard his father worked.
"My father worked a lot and took care of me, but I think he never gave me any hope of ever doing anything," he told Billboard.
"I had to work harder to get where I am today, so I think it was important for me to have a good personality."
Akimoto spent the next six years in the military, where he became one of the first people in his class to graduate.
He also worked in a hospital, and he's now an emergency room physician.
"Even when I was in the Army, I was always very focused," Akimoto told Billboard, "and I always felt like I had the right to be there, even though it was very difficult.
I always had the confidence in my abilities, and I felt like if I didn't, it was because I didn´t do anything right."
In high school, I also took the honor roll in the Japan Defense Force, but the military would give me no recognition or recognition when I got out, so my family always believed that I was too smart to go to college.
It was a tough road for me.
I didn`t get a chance to do much in college, but when I did graduate, I did really well.
I had to go into the military to earn my degree, and that was a very tough time for me."3.
Akimitsu is a leader who can't be bought"It`s a great feeling when a song comes along, and you know that someone is going to listen to it, but you have to have some trust that they are going to enjoy it, too," he explained to Billboard.
But I was a quiet, shy kid who didn`ts get along with other people. "
When I was little, I never knew that I had any talent.
But I was a quiet, shy kid who didn`ts get along with other people.
So when I listened to Akimoto-sensei`s songs, I could feel that I could be a leader."
Akimi said that when he first started out in music, he tried to be like other young singers.
"One of the things that I didn�t like about my younger self was that I wasn't a leader," he said.
"Because I was shy, I would try to be nice to people.
I would say, `I understand your situation, but do you really need to be that way?'
It was always the same thing.
I was very insecure.
So I started to be shy because of that.
And I was afraid of being misunderstood."4.
Akizawa's songwriting style is as unique as his personality"I don't think that any band will ever be able to match what Akizawawa does," Akimoto said.
He said that Akizowa is more than just a musician; he has a voice as well.
"In my childhood, I really liked the music that Akiko and I made," Akizowas songwriter, Akimura said.
After graduating high school in 1995, Akizabe moved to the United States, where Akizako and Akizawan were living at the time.
Akisa said that they were very lucky to be able see Akizwa play live for the first time.
"Akizawa is very kind and caring," Akimi added.
"He was very helpful when we were struggling in the army.
He helped us overcome a lot of things."5.
Akiba has been performing for more than three decadesNowadays, Akiba is a singer and a member of the hip-hop group AKBA.
He performed in clubs and in public places around Japan for a long time, and fans still call him Akiba.
Tags: akatsuki leader, good leader, leading indicators, ratt lead singer
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Japanese leader hose leads WW2 as Japan's Ww2 leaders hose offJapanese leader hose leads WW2 as Japan's Ww2 leaders hose off
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Logistics and freight company DACHSER South Africa may not quite be moving mountains, but they are transporting items that are just as challenging, in the form of mega-machinery and highly specialised equipment. Moving these items across vast distances and multiple jurisdictions on a daily basis requires scrupulous planning, product expertise and forward momentum. Perhaps the two most crucial elements of logistics are intelligent, integrated technical processes on the one hand, and on the other, talented individuals that are detail-oriented, determined and have the stamina to continually drive those logistics processes.
DACHSER will continue to expand its presence in Africa working with reliable partners strategically positioned across the continent, according to CEO Bernhard Simon.
Addressing the volatility of the logistics market is probably the biggest challenge facing international service providers, according to DACHSER CEO, Bernhard Simon.
Competitive shippers know that it is all about speed, agility, reliability and even versatility not to mention visibility. Delivering all of this, and then some, is the job of intelligent logistics – a growing concept the world over.
Despite low commodity prices, mining remains an important sector for global logistics service provider DACHSER. According to Detlev Duve, Managing Director of DACHSER South Africa, the company has been involved in several large scale projects across the continent delivering unique solutions.
Networks can be successfully interconnected at Dachser, thanks to its clear processes and standardized systems.
Logistics provider DACHSER South Africa (SA) has, over the past three years seen a 50% increase in growth driven by the South African mining industry, as well as by growth in the South American mining industry, says DACHSER SA MD Detlev Duve.
Detlev Duve, Managing Director of DACHSER South Africa, outlines the top logistics trends impacting the industry in 2016.
As technology continues to advance at a startling rate, logistics is perhaps one of the industries that must adapt the most quickly. If this seems surprising, consider that all the world's most innovative products and services at some point require storage and transportation over great distances, within short time periods.
Insight gained from years of experience on the African continent has enabled DACHSER South Africa to develop and provide comprehensive logistics solutions that meet the challenges inherent in operating in this region.
In recent years the South African Revenue Service (SARS) has embarked on a risk-based approach to managing and enforcing customs compliance, with the aim of being able to spend more time and resources in high-risk areas and on high-risk clients. For this approach to work, SARS has identified trusted SARS clients (importers and exporters) with the required systems and controls in place to ensure a high level of compliance. These trusted SARS clients have been given a preferred trader accreditation.
DACHSER South Africa was recently trusted to deliver a large printing press and finishing equipment from Goldkronach in Germany to a client in the Western Cape under tight time constraints. Due to its large size and weight, the transfer of the printing press had to be carefully planned and managed.
DACHSER South Africa (SA) was approached by a locally-based cinema company to move an entire cinema set-up from South Africa to Zimbabwe. Adding to its diverse portfolio, DACHSER undertook a ground-breaking project to transport the cinema equipment from South Africa to Zimbabwe, resulting in the establishment of a world-class cinema in that country.
From a formidable domestic contender to a major international player: when companies grow beyond their national borders, new thinking, future-oriented positioning, and a clear focus on customers' needs is required.
DACHSER South Africa supports local partners to supply products for FIFA World Cup 2014 in Brazil.
South African Customs has complex processes and with new rules coming into play, it is worth ensuring that your logistics provider has the necessary expertise to ensure a smooth passage.
DACHSER South Africa has launched its second learnership programme for 2013/2014, following the successful completion of its first collabration with the South Africa Martime and Transport College. | {
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Ein Moderator (lateinisch; von , "mäßigen", "steuern", "lenken") ist im Bereich der evangelischen Kirchen der Inhaber eines Leitungsamtes. Der Begriff ist überwiegend in den evangelisch-reformierten Kirchen gebräuchlich und besonders im englischen Sprachraum verbreiteter als im deutschen.
Das Amt geht auf den Presbyterianismus zurück, der sich im 16. Jahrhundert in den reformierten Kirchen durchsetzte, die nicht staats- bzw. landeskirchlich organisiert waren. Kennzeichen der presbyterianischen Kirchenverfassung ist, dass die Kirche auf mehreren Ebenen durch Gremien von Ältesten und Pastoren geleitet wird. Laut dem Second Book of Discipline der Church of Scotland von 1578 sollte jedes Gremium von einem moderator geleitet werden, der Angelegenheiten einbringt, Stimmen auszählt und die gute Ordnung sichert. Während im Leitungsgremium der örtlichen Gemeinde in der Regel der Gemeindepfarrer ex officio die Sitzungsleitung übernimmt, fungiert auf den höheren Ebenen ein gewähltes Mitglied als Moderator (im Rang eines primus inter pares). Da die Synoden im Allgemeinen nur einmal im Jahr oder noch seltener zusammenkamen, wurde für die Leitung der Kirche zwischen den Synodaltagungen ein weiteres Gremium gebildet, das Synodalpräsidium oder "Moderamen", das in der Regel aus dem Leiter (moderator) der Synode, seinem Stellvertreter, dem Schriftführer und weiteren Repräsentanten besteht und in monatlichen Sitzungen über laufende Angelegenheiten berät.
In den angelsächsischen reformierten Kirchen werden die Moderatoren der Generalversammlung in der Regel für eine Amtszeit von einem (z. B. Church of Scotland, United Reformed Church, Presbyterian Church in Ireland) oder zwei (z. B. Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.), Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand) Jahren gewählt. Wiederwahl ist nicht möglich. Der Moderator oder die Moderatorin repräsentiert in der Regel die Kirche nach außen und hat bisweilen auch weitere Aufgaben in der Administration der Kirche.
Auch in kirchlichen Zusammenschlüssen wird der Vorsitzende eines Gremiums oft moderator genannt, so der moderator des Zentralausschusses als des leitenden Gremiums im Ökumenischen Rat der Kirchen. In Deutschland ist besonders der Moderator des Reformierten Bundes bekannt (seit 2022 Bernd Becker). Auch der Reformierte Kirchenkreis in der Evangelischen Kirche Berlin-Brandenburg-schlesische Oberlausitz wird von einem Moderamen geleitet, dem ein Geistlicher Moderator vorsteht. Ansonsten ist der Begriff in den reformierten und unierten Kirchen im deutschen Sprachraum nicht gebräuchlich; der Vorsitzende einer Synode wird meist als Präses bezeichnet.
Literatur
Moderator. In: The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2005, S. 1104.
Einzelnachweise
Reformiertentum
Evangelisches Kirchenrecht
Kirchliches Amt
Moderator | {
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Mobile or gigging guitarists looking for a way to capture creative moments whenever and wherever they happen need only power up a smartphone and launch an audio recording app. Another app can use the phone's microphone to bring the instrument to tune. If they're wanting to remotely monitor the humidity and temperature of a much-loved guitar, however, the app store will likely come up blank. The Acoustic Stream wirelessly pairs with an iOS smart device running a companion app to help players quickly capture a killer riff or live stream to a mobile device or amplifier. It boasts built-in precision tuning capabilities, and sends out an alert when environmental changes threaten to damage a treasured instrument.
The Acoustic Stream system was developed after Bob Bean's prized Taylor 815C suffered serious damage after being left unchecked for too long. "Admittedly the winters in New England can be beyond harsh, but I thought the humidifier in the case would protect the guitar," recalls Bean. "It didn't. I knew then something needed to be done. Musicians need a better way to protect their investment and the tool of their craft."
He searched for something that would allow him to remotely monitor the health and wellbeing of his acoustic babies, but wasn't able to find anything suitable and set about designing his own device. By November 2012, the first Acoustic Stream prototype was born. A year later, an iOS app was created and now the development team is banking on Kickstarter success to take the system into production.
The hardware part of the system is a small battery-powered Bluetooth 4.0-capable box of tricks with its own unique electronic ID and built-in sensors that monitor for humidity and temperature changes, pushing out notifications when protective action is required. The onboard battery is claimed good for more than 6 months between charges via micro-USB if used as a remote environmental monitor only, or up to 8 hours of recording, streaming or tuning when paired with the iOS 7 companion app.
The device can be placed inside an acoustic guitar via the sound hole and secured with Velcro or double-sided tape, or plugged into a flush-mount 0.25-in instrument jack using the supplied adapter.
Patent-pending TapStream technology means that a double-tap on the outside of an instrument packing an Acoustic Stream will start the device recording to the app running on a paired iOS device. Should the iPhone or iPad be switched off, songs will be saved to the Acoustic Stream's onboard memory. When the smartphone or tablet is fired up and within range, Acoustic Stream will sync and transfer the recordings.
The system also allows for playing live through the app, or another Acoustic Stream can be plugged into an amp and your string-picking sent wirelessly to that. Using the aptX codec, the signal delay or latency between two Acoustic Stream devices is reported to be in the 25 to 32 ms range.
Players can sort, trim, name and organize recordings via the companion app, as well as send the files to online storage accounts. Tapping three times on the guitar will activate tuning mode, and string pitch can then be adjusted with the help of the app.
Though the system currently works with newer Apple mobile OS devices only, support for Android smartphones and tablets is on the to-do list. The developers also readily admit that a one-size-fits-all device is somewhat difficult to create, so intend to make the 3D engineering models available for makers to design and build their own modified versions of the Acoustic Stream.
The crowdfunding campaign runs until March 29 and has a single device pitched at an early bird pledge level of US$97, representing a good saving on the projected recommended retail price of $200. If all goes to plan, backers will receive their Acoustic Streams in August. | {
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Q: create a string in PHP with methods to be executed after string is built I am trying to run a loop to create a string that will be executed after it is built. The string I am building looks like this:
$createString = '$rb->create(';
$createString .= ' $rb->logicalOr(';
$createString .= ' $rb->logicalAnd(';
$createString .= ' $rb["firstname"]->equalTo("mike"),';
$createString .= ' $rb["lastname"]->equalTo("smith")';
$createString .= ' ),';
$createString .= ' $rb->logicalAnd(';
$createString .= ' $rb["date_inserted"]->equalTo(02/11/2014),';
$createString .= ' $rb["percent_completed"]->equalTo(1)';
$createString .= ' )';
$createString .= ' ),';
$createString .= ' function() {';
$createString .= ' echo "YAY";';
$createString .= ' }';
$createString .=');';
$context = new Context(array(
'firstname' => 'mike',
...
));
$createString->execute($context);
However, when I run it I get the following error:
Call to a member function execute() on a non-object
I hope someone can help guide me in the right direction. Thank you in advance for the help.
A: you have php script in your $createString variable . You need to execute this script first.
You can try eval().
try like this:
$createString = eval($createString);
$createString->execute($context);
Sample example:
$createString = "echo 123;";
echo "before eval: ". $createString."\n"; // it is eching php script output: echo 123;
$createString = eval($createString);
echo "after eval:". $createString; // it is echoing executed result of php script output: 123
live demo
A: You've got your variables around the wrong way when calling execute(). I'm assuming this is what you are trying to do:
$context->execute($createString);
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The Miss you Francis video is made as a tribute to the great painter Francis Bacon and his 'Screaming Pope' series. I tried to be as accurate as I could be, colourwise, through the video technique. I wanted to re-discover the distortion of the painter's unique brush stroke, but more than anything I wanted to re-discover the urgency with which Bacon seemed to have created his work. | {
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using System;
using Bridge;
using Bridge.Html5;
namespace Avior
{
public class Application
{
private ApplicationConfig configuration;
public Application(ApplicationConfig configuration)
{
this.configuration = configuration;
}
public void Run()
{
configuration.Configure();
ThemeConfig.browserConfig();
configuration.FirstPage.PreRender();
Document.Body.AppendChild(configuration.FirstPage.Render());
configuration.FirstPage.PosRender();
}
}
[External]
static class ThemeConfig
{
[Template("$.AdminBSB.browser.activate()")]
public static void browserConfig()
{
}
[Template("$.AdminBSB.navbar.activate()")]
public static void navbarConfig()
{
}
[Template("$.AdminBSB.leftSideBar.activate()")]
public static void leftSideBarConfig()
{
}
}
}
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Nonprofit Quarterly: Over the past 10 years, what economic changes have taken place in the sector, and how important have they been?
Lester Salamon: Over the past 15 or 20 years, there have been massive changes in the economics of the nonprofit sector and in the economic approach of the sector. First, there has been enormous growth in nonprofit employment and expenditures at a rate that has exceeded the growth rate of the GDP [gross domestic product] of the country by a substantial margin. Fueling this growth have been social and demographic shifts that have increased the market for nonprofit services and expanded government entitlement spending in fields where nonprofits operate.
To cite just two of these entitlement programs, Medicaid and Medicare pump more money into the nation's nonprofit organizations than most of the major foundations combined. Their reimbursement policies have profound implications for what significant portions of the nation's nonprofits can do, yet nonprofits are not effectively represented in the arenas that shape these policies.
Finally, I would emphasize the greatly expanded need for investment capital as opposed to operating income for the sector. This has been another sleeper issue in the sector.
LS: Like other organizations, nonprofits increasingly need capital for new technology, for strategic planning, and for new facilities to respond to increases in demand for their services, including increases that result from changes in public policy. Where there are areas of growth in the needs that nonprofits serve—particularly where those needs either can be financed privately or financed through various government programs—nonprofits are at a disadvantage unless they can find access to investment capital. Historically, the playing field has been uneven. It's uneven because nonprofits don't have access to the equity markets, they can't issue stock, which essentially is free capital. They can't do so because they can't offer dividends to their investors. So nonprofits have no access to an important source of investment capital, and this makes it hard for them to respond to surges in demand.
NPQ: What's going on with revenue from fee-for-service activities?
LS: It continues to grow. It is the single largest source of revenue growth in the sector overall and spreading into ever-wider portions of the sector. I think that will continue. It is important to realize, however, that fee income from core nonprofit services is not the same as income from unrelated businesses or closely related ones ( e.g., entrance fees at museums versus sales of replicas of museum works).
Many people see business income as an important future growth area. I'm much more dubious about that. It's just very hard to start and operate a separate business as opposed to coming up with a fee structure for an existing core service. How the current economic crisis will affect nonprofit fee income is anyone's guess, of course. But in this economic climate, it will likely be harder for nonprofits to operate outside businesses than to stick to their knitting and market their core services to paying customers.
NPQ: Is there a relationship between the need for investment capital and fee-for-service endeavors?
LS: Sure. You can't bring in fee-paying customers unless you have the facilities to reach and serve them, which requires capital. Similarly, it's hard to attract investment capital without a sustainable source of income. There has been considerable growth of nonprofits in the suburbs that seems related to serving fee-paying customers. But generally speaking, for-profits are able to do that faster and more extensively. This economic crisis could lead to the withdrawal of for-profits from a lot of these markets, and that could create interesting opportunities for nonprofits.
A lot of for-profits have been able to generate capital for expansion by developing financial models that show continuing, escalating returns. It's now harder to convince investors of those returns. A reduction in social spending may thus trigger a contraction of the for-profit presence in many human-service fields. This could shift the balance back in favor of nonprofits, which do have access to some forms of capital that for-profits don't.
LS: Such as tax-exempt bonds or wealthy individuals who want to build a facility and name it after themselves. The whole structure of the return models that for-profits use can come crashing down on them when reimbursement rates change, causing stock valuations to plummet and private investors to bail out. We've seen this happen in a lot of fields. And in some, for-profits have turned to shady dealings to survive. More commonly, they just pull out of the field. Nonprofits tend not to do that; they stay the course. This has been an argument for why we should be concerned about growing for-profit competition in certain fields because nonprofits are more reliable providers. If the populations being served are vulnerable and can't easily adapt to having a new provider come along, in these markets it's not good public policy to encourage for-profit involvement.
NPQ: What about changes in philanthropy?
LS: Our infrastructure has been too fixated on the philanthropy side of things. That's a comfortable ideological place to be, to be bringing philanthropy in, to be assertive on philanthropy, and certainly some see the sector almost exclusively in these lights. That's been a blind spot. The center of organizations has become a bit more concerned about government as a funding source, but there was a period when every budget would be analyzed from the point of view of its impact on nonprofits, and that has not been a popular thing to do politically. So some of the key sector organizations have shied away from it.
LS: I suspect that there are people on boards of nonprofits and on boards of the infrastructure organizations who don't want to be in the posture of supporting tax increases or growth of government, which has not been a popular political position.
NPQ: Who advocates for government budgets?
LS: To the extent that it's done, it's by the sector-specific fields, but even there I don't see it as terribly proactive. Often where it occurs is when the sector plays defense and when there are threats of massive cuts. One of the points that I've made over and over is that there should be an active nonprofit presence in the decision making surrounding Medicare and Medicaid reimbursements.
This goes back to my previous point. It's such an enormous driver of everything in the sector. As Medicare and Medicaid move to a lowest-unit-cost-of-services reimbursement system, it becomes hard for nonprofits to do community organizing, to do advocacy, to have medical schools that do training and not simply delivery of medical care at the lowest-unit cost. So it potentially drives out of the sector all the things that make the sector unique and distinctive. If I were the nonprofit czar, I would have our major infrastructure organizations regularly monitoring everything that is done in Medicare and Medicaid and calling attention to the implications that changes have for nonprofit providers. This is just so critical.
But philanthropy has been stalled at the individual level for 15 years. It has certainly grown, but its growth has lagged behind the growth of personal income, and it has lagged behind the growth of the sector, so that it has actually shrunk as a share of the sector's revenues. So the question is how to kick it further ahead. Fortunately, there have been interesting developments here. One that I have focused on is the new investment emphasis of some funders—both individual funders and foundations—and the efforts to use philanthropic dollars to leverage private-investment dollars.
NPQ: So you're talking about program-related investments, mission-related investments, and the like?
LS: I think that is a hopeful development—or at least it has been. It's not clear what the meltdown in the private capital market will do to it. There's a whole set of promising vehicles at risk right now: the whole array of financial institutions and requirements associated with community reinvestment. So I think we're going inevitably to anticipate a reduction in the flow of those dollars.
All this puts pressure on state and local governments. State and local governments are the partners of the feds and the entitlement programs and have significant say over Medicaid—at least reimbursements—that has powerful impact on mountains of nonprofits, not just health; it's well into the social-service field (e.g., addiction management, mental-health counseling, and developmental disability). Over the past eight years, states have added lots of people to these programs, and many states have it in their power to reverse those decisions. So we may begin to see reductions in reimbursement rates, shaving off of certain groups of people that have gotten access. I think that people have to be super-vigilant to ensure that this doesn't happen. Because if it does, a crucial source of revenue will disappear.
NPQ: That is, that advocacy would need to happen at the state level?
LS: Yes, a lot of the decisions are at the state level. but I think it needs to be done federally, too.
NPQ: Are other things at risk?
LS: Some tax-advantaged giving could be at risk. The low-income bonds that states are allowed to issue that have a federal tax advantage to them could be shaved back.
NPQ: If you could make three recommendations, what would they be?
LS: I imagine a defense strategy and an offense strategy for nonprofits in the present economic environment. On the defense side, there are a number of policies at risk now that need to be defended, and defended aggressively, some of which I've mentioned already—like the Community Reinvestment Act, the special tax incentives for community development finance institutions, and tax provisions encouraging charitable giving out of individual retirement accounts.
But I also think that there are interesting opportunities in this environment for a strategy of offense for the sector if it can be entrepreneurial enough to grab them, which I think it can be. One of these is the housing crisis. If we come around to a sensible approach on the mortgage meltdown—which would be that the government somehow acquires mortgages and establishes an entity that will work out the bad mortgages—this could open an enormous opportunity for nonprofits to be the agents that work with people on the ground in communities to come up with decent workouts for their mortgages.
NPQ: And in fact, the CDC [community development corporation] infrastructure is largely already there to do so.
LS: It's exactly its presence on the ground that recommends it, because if this stays in Treasury and proceeds along its current course, Treasury will hire a bunch of collections agents who will buy the loans at a low price and try to squeeze out a nickel from each dollar of loan value by foreclosing. They're not going to have the same incentive to keep people in housing as the nonprofit network would have. So that's a terrific opportunity. If $500 million of the $700 billion bailout fund (i.e., one fourteen-hundredth) were made available to networks of local nonprofits to work with families to rearrange their loan terms to more affordable rates, we could strengthen an important network of nonprofit organizations and move the country some distance out of our housing and financial mess. We're workout specialists; we know how to deal with communities and how to get a decent deal for them and for the government.
Then there will be fields in which for-profits will begin to disappear, to pull back—nursing home care, home-health care, things of this sort—where they're heavily leveraged and can't support operations. This will create opportunities for nonprofits to acquire facilities on the cheap if they can generate the capital.
And I have no doubt that there are entrepreneurial nonprofits out there that will figure out a way to do precisely this. We have some amazing institutions and amazing entrepreneurs in the nonprofit sector. I'm talking here about service and advocacy organizations. Many of them have become enormously effective and sophisticated enterprises—with far more complexity than our simplistic charity imagery would suggest. That message somehow hasn't penetrated the public consciousness. And it is not clear to me that the infrastructure organizations have done enough to get this message across. Perhaps this economic crisis, painful though it is, will provide an opportunity to do just this. It is an opportunity that the sector should seize.
Lester Salamon is a professor at Johns Hopkins University and the director of the Center for Civil Society Studies at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Policy Studies. | {
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Kitchens Are Monkey Business: Beau.
What a handsome boy! And he's looking for a lady friend.
Can't believe I'm pimping out my son's dog.
And what are you gonna do once Beau gets his ladyfriend?
I get the pick of the litter.
OK, sorry. What was I saying? I dint mean dat tall.
Rosie Learns The Perils Of Texting.
Gotta Love Chef Ann Burrell.
Oysters Ranchera For Mr. Hawthorne.
The Deen Machine Continues To Roll.
Mr. Hawthorne Cans Salsa Ranchera.
Mr. Hawthorne Bakes A Birthday Cake For Rosie.
I Use The Oxford Comma.
Rosie Makes Shrimp And Grits.
Not For Sale, But Beautiful.
A Macabre Twist On The Barefoot Contessa.
A Froggy Day In Colington.
Sights On 168 Travelling Back To The Beach.
Lunch At Forbidden City In Virginia Beach.
Cauliflower Soup Turns Into Moreover Oyster Soup.
Little Surprises In My Plants.
Oh Please, Rachael. Use Restraint.
I Don't Like This Turn Of Events.
Dogwood And Giada Come To Visit.
Steingarten With A Fly In His Hair.
Not Yo Mama's Oatmeal. Part Deux.
Mr. Hawthorne Makes Asparagus Roll Ups.
May I Please Have A Corporate Credit Card?
Boat Graveyard Of Colington Island.
Sunday Breakfast At The Hawthornes.
Rosie Stir Fries. At Last.
Mr. Hawthorne Cooks Sunday Dinner.
Youngest Hawthorne Requests A Blueberry Smoothie.
The Hawthornes Make Clam Chowder. | {
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Limerick Chronicle Column 30 January 2018
HomeTag "limerick"
by richanthon in Chronicle Column 0 comments 2044 0
See What's Happening in the Latest
I Love Limerick Chronicle Column
You can view the article by clicking on the preview.
Focus Ireland Ambassador Celia Holman Lee Joins the Fight Against Homelessness
by richanthon in News 0 comments 2248 0
Pictured at the Focus Ireland Ambassador Celia Holman Lee video promo shoot from left to right – Rebecca Reynolds, Focus Ireland, Richard Lynch and Aisling O'Connor, I Love Limerick, Celia Holman Lee, Focus Ireland Ambassador, Claire Culhane, Luke Culhane, Limerick Person of the Year and Mick O'Connor, Focus Ireland. Picture: Michael O'Sullivan.
Celia Holman Lee Fights Homelessness with Focus Ireland
Limerick's Celia Holman Lee has given her backing to the fight against homelessness with the news that she has been unveiled as an ambassador for Focus Ireland.
The well-known model, fashion stylist and television presenter is supporting the Focus Ireland efforts locally in Limerick, and nationally, as the homelessness crisis worsens.
Next year, 2018 will mark twenty years of Focus Ireland service provision in Limerick City and County, and now more than ever Celia is urging local people to get behind the efforts.
Focus Ireland Ambassador Celia Holman Lee said: "I am so honoured to become an ambassador for Focus Ireland as thanks to them there is a clear end in sight for the trauma of homelessness that Irish families are currently going through each day.
"It breaks my heart to see that the number of homeless children has continued to rise and to be given an opportunity to shine a light on this crisis is something that I feel very passionate about.
"I am a mother and a grandmother and my family means more to me than anything else in the world."
She added: "We have to protect these families and ensure that all children in this country feel safe and secure."
The impact which Focus Ireland has made on the people of Limerick was borne out by a recent study which outlined the difference a youth housing project made in the city.
It changed the lives of young people who were homeless or at risk, and the project has been so successful that leading international experts believe it should be introduced nationally.
Despite the best efforts of many, Limerick is one of the most economically disadvantaged cities in Ireland.
Recent evidence suggests that its position has declined further relative to other cities since the recession.
Celia Holman Lee, Focus Ireland Ambassador, Richard Lynch, I Love Limerick and Rebecca Reynolds, Focus Ireland. Picture: Michael O'Sullivan.
This environment has, in turn, increased the difficulties faces by many of those Focus Ireland assists in seeking housing, employment and other supports.Focus Ireland's Limerick Manager Ger Spillane has witnessed first-hand the impact of the soaring cost of rent coupled with a shortage of supply, locally.
Mr Spillane said: "Focus Ireland knows through our work that seeking advice and information as early as possible can really help to prevent people from losing their home."
"To have someone as committed and high-profile as Celia Holman Lee supporting our efforts means a lot in terms of raising awareness of the issues, and helping us to fund our services."
Mr Spillane said: "Our frontline staff here are still dealing with people who have become homeless from the rental sector as rents have been hiked up and they can't afford them.
"There needs to a much wider range of Government actions taken to keep protect tenants and keep them in their homes."
The charity said the Government really has to kick-start the building of homes and follow through on delivering a more secure private rented sector if Ireland is to end the deepening crisis in the rental housing and homelessness areas.
Ger Spillane added: "Having Celia on board helps Focus Ireland to raise vital funds and awareness of the fact that the housing crisis is continuing to deepen."
He concluded: "An average of 80 families has become homeless every month so far this year, compared with 60 a month last year. The crisis is worsening."
Focus Ireland said it aims to play its own key role in overcoming the crisis – for people who are homeless or at risk- as the charity aims to double its housing stock over the next four years.
The charity currently provides homes for over 600 households around the country who were previously homeless or at risk.
To visit the official website for Focus Ireland Ambassador Celia Holman Lee click here
To visit the official website for Focus Ireland click here
To read more Focus Ireland stories on I Love Limerick click here
by richanthon in Community, Inspirational, News 0 comments 1980 0
By I Love Limerick Correspondent Jordan Mac Cormaic
VIDEO Limerick Person of the Year 2016 winner is Luke Culhane of Create No Hate
Pictured at the Limerick Person of the Year Award 2016 were Claire Culhane, Richard Lynch, Grace Culhane, Luke Culhane, winner of the Limerick Person of the year Award 2016, Olive Foley and Dermot Culhane. Picture: Cian Reinhardt/ilovelimerick
The 14-year-old Limerick boy, Luke Culhane, whose viral video warning against cyberbullying and the late Anthony Foley – posthumously receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award – were today the top recipients at the Limerick Person of the Year 2016 awards.
The creation of a powerful video – 'Create No Hate' – saw Luke Culhane, from Castletroy View, selected as the January award recipient and made enough of an impact to have him selected all of 12 months later for the Limerick Person of the Year 2016.
Luke Culhane, whose viral video warning against cyberbullying went viral was named Limerick person of the year 2016. Photo: Sean Curtin True Media.
A budding filmmaker and blogger, Luke was motivated to create the video after being a victim of cyberbullying himself and, with over 500,000 views, its success was such that the story was picked up by Sky News, BBC, MTV, Fox, RTE and UTV, among others.
The international admiration for his efforts stretched all the way to December when he was named Young Person of the Year by prominent French newspaper Mon Quotidien.
Accepting the award, Luke Culhane said: "Thank you so much to everyone that supported the video, the main thing is that helped loads of other children after I Skyped a school in South Africa it inspired them to make their own video. It's not just me that won, it's the whole of Limerick."
Today's event, held at the Clayton Hotel, Limerick, also saw Olive Foley, wife of the late Anthony Foley, receive a Lifetime Achievement award on behalf of her husband, whose death on October 16th last led to one of the single greatest outpourings of sadness ever experienced across Limerick.
The legendary Shannon, Munster and Ireland No. 8 Anthony moved with his family from Murroe to Killaloe when he was 3 years old but had an indelible connection with Limerick over the years. He was schooled at St. Munchin's, where he first gained prominence as a schools rugby star, before going on to become the most coloured captain in the history of Shannon and Munster rugby.
Speaking at today's event, Limerick Leader Editor Eugene Phelan said: "It's fair to say that the two recipients today were utterly inspirational in very different ways but we are here with mixed emotions in relation to them today.
"We all marvelled at Luke's courage and, indeed, technical ability in putting this video together. It relates to an area that all of society is exercised and very concerned about but when it is a 13-year-old member of that society, as he was then, we are all humbled by what he did. Luke is clearly a leader and I suspect that this is the start of what will be a hugely successful career in film and one that, will no doubt, leave its mark in a very positive way on society."
Speaking of the award to Anthony Foley, Mayor of the City and County of Limerick, Cllr Kieran O'Hanlon said: "With regard to Anthony Foley, all of us who love rugby and sport generally were totally shocked by news of his death. I don't think I have ever seen anything like the collective sense of loss that greeted this. He was an incredible man both on and off the field.
The 14 year-old Limerick boy, Luke Culhane, whose viral video warning against cyberbullying and the late Anthony Foley Ð posthumously receiving a Lifetime Achievement Award – were today the top recipients at the Limerick Person of the Year 2016 awards. Photo: Sean Curtin True Media.
"We all celebrated his rugby achievements and got so much joy here in Limerick from that. But the other side of Anthony was what he did off the field, his charity work and just how he held himself as a person. He was arguably the most modest sports star and this is an acknowledgement that he totally deserves."
Speaking at the event, Olive Foley said: "I'm pretty sure Anthony would be recoiling with the attention here today. He was very proud of his association with Limerick and from a sporting perspective will always be associated with Munster and Shannon, with many of his greatest rugby moments here in Limerick.
"We know that everyone here misses him and it goes without saying that we do. But we really appreciate the fact that he is thought of and remembered so fondly, including with this Lifetime Achievement Award."
Now in its 16th year and sponsored by The Limerick Leader, Southern Marketing Design & Media and the Clayton Hotel, the Limerick Person of the Year Award was set up to honour the achievements and success of local people.
Pat Reddan, General Manager, Clayton Limerick Hotel said: "We are delighted to sponsor such an event that showcases the very best of Limerick and the people who call it home, they truly are all inspirational."
Congratulating all nominees, Dave O'Hora of Southern Marketing Design & Media said: "each of the nominees have in their own way made an outstanding contribution to the cultural, sporting, business and community scene in Limerick, today Limerick celebrates and it should."
Past winners of the title include philanthropist JP McManus, world champion boxer Andy Lee, rugby stars Paul O'Connell and Tony Ward, author Donal Ryan, transatlantic rower Paul Gleeson and Thomond Park developer Pat Whelan.
The Limerick Person of the Year 2016 judging panel consisted of Eugene Phelan, Editor of The Limerick Leader; Conn Murray, Chief Executive of Limerick City and County Council; and Cllr. Kieran O'Hanlon, Mayor of the City and County of Limerick.
For more information on Create No Hate click here
To read past stories on Limerick Person of the Year click here
Limerick Going for Gold 2016 winner is Glin!
by richanthon in News, Old Posts 0 comments 2293 0
The West of Limerick is awake and celebrating after Glin was announced as overall winner of Limerick Going for Gold 2016.
There were jubilant celebrations in The Strand Hotel this evening (Tuesday 11 October) as the residents of the village claimed the top prize.
Richard Lynch of ILoveLimerick.com hosted the event and said,"I am honoured to be involved with this initiative for the past 5 years. It is my favourite event of the year!"
Limerick Going for Gold's mission is to make Limerick a brighter, better, cleaner place to live, work and visit.
The competition fosters and nurtures community spirit and it's plain to see in every town, village and estate that it's flourishing.
A total of twelve communities made the final of the Limerick Going for Gold Challenge Category. Limerick Going for Gold 2016 has a prize pool of over €76,000, courtesy of the JP McManus Charitable Foundation.
Prizes were also awarded in five other Going for Gold categories, including Limerick in Bloom, Best Estate/ Residential Area and Endeavour Award.
Mayor of the City and County of Limerick, Cllr Kieran O'Hanlon congratulated the participating communities: "It's through the hard work and the commitment of the local communities that ensures that Limerick Going for Gold continues to be a tremendous success. Who would have thought that the competition, which began in 2010, would have grown so much and captured the imagination of everyone, and become the success that it is."
"I would like to that Limerick City and County Council and the JP McManus Charitable Foundation for organising the initiative, as well as the event supporters and sponsors including Limerick's Live 95FM, The Limerick Leader and The Limerick Chronicle, The Limerick Post, Parkway Shopping Centre, I Love Limerick and Southern Marketing Media and Design."
"Going for Gold's mission is to make Limerick a brighter, better, cleaner place to live, work and visit and every community who participated in this campaign, as well as the event sponsors and supporters continue to contribute to that mission," added Mayor O'Hanlon.
The Challenge Category final was made up of 12 groups from Limerick city and county who were decided by a combination of local judging and results from the national Tidy Towns Competition.
Finalists were chosen by popular vote on Live 95FM over a five-week period. The finalists were Hospital, Kilteely, Murroe, Newcastle West and Patrickswell.
They were joined by seven wildcards – Adare Bruff, Croom, Feenagh, Glin, Moyross, and Rathkeale – which were selected by the Limerick Going for Gold judging panel of David Hurley (reporter with The Limerick Leader), Nick Condon (Tidy Towns Adjudicator) and Gerry Behan (retired Director of Service, Limerick County Council).
Following visits to each of the locations and lengthy discussions between the judges, this year's Limerick Going for Gold 2016 winner is Glin.
They receive the top prize of €10,000, with Kilteely receiving €7,000 for second and Adare getting €5,000 for third.
All finalists receive prizes to help them continue their good work.
Going for Gold 2016 Limerick in Bloom Category's Overall winner was Ardpatrick (€5,000) with Strand in runners-up position (€3,000).
Prizes were also awarded to Tidy Towns groups based on their Tidy Towns score.
Rockhill received €3,000 for being the Most Improved Tidy Towns group.
Glenbrook Glendale Glendale Lawn scooped the €2,000 first prize in the Estates/ Residential Area category.
Endeavour Awards of €1,000 each to encourage and/or support ongoing work on the environment were presented to Limerick Youth Service Centre, Back2New Upcycling, Newcastle West and PALLs, Probation and Linkage in Limerick Scheme Dock and the Adapt Shop on Sarsfield Street for their joint Upcycling Initiative.
The Garden Competition Category was sponsored by the Parkway Shopping Centre and featured a prize fund of €1,000 in shopping vouchers. Roger Beck from the Parkway Shopping Centre presented the top prize to Mrs Nellie Barrett, Ballintubber, Newcastle West.
Speaking at the ceremony, Gerry Boland of the JP McManus Charitable Foundation said: "Individuals, Tidy Towns Groups and Residents' Associations from across Limerick city and county have once again come out in numbers to support this initiative. One hundred and forty four groups participated this year and your participation and the voluntary work that you are doing creates a real sense of community in your local areas.
Gordon Daly, Director of Service Operations with Limerick City and County Council said: "Going for Gold is one of the premier community awards in the country and that is down to the supporters and sponsors of the competition, the generosity of the JP McManus Charitable Foundation, and, in particular, the hard work and dedication of the large number of volunteers across our communities in Limerick. We are delighted that this annual event affords the opportunity to recognise the contribution they make to enhancing the quality of life in Limerick."
List of Categories, winners and awards:
Going for Gold Challenge
1st Place €10,000 Glin
2nd Place €7,000 Kilteely
3rd Place €5,000 Adare
4th Place €3,000 Patrickswell
5th Place €2,000 Newcastle West
Finalists (each receive €1,000)
Bruff
Croom
Feenagh
Rathkeale
Moyross
Murroe
Limerick in Bloom
1st Place €5,000 Ardpatrick
2nd Place €3,000 Strand
3rd Place €2,000 Knockainey
Highly commended (each receive €1,000)
Annacotty
Galbally
South Limerick City and
Foynes
Garden Competition (trophies and vouchers from Parkway Shopping Centre)
1st place Mrs Nellie Barrett, Ballintubber, Newcastle West
2nd Place Christine Ronan, Pallasgreen
3rd Place Gerry Ryan, Rosbrien
Endeavour Awards (€1,000 for each organisation listed)
Limerick Youth Service Centre
Back2New Upcycling, Newcastle West
PALLs, Probation and Linkage in Limerick Scheme Dock and the Adapt Shop on Sarsfield Street for their joint Upcycling Initiative
Tidy Towns Incentive
Highest scores across the following categories (€1,000 each)
Tidiness and Litter Control Castleconnell
Sustainable Waste Management Kilmallock
Wildlife & Natural Amenities Broadford and Mountcollins
Landscaping and Open Spaces Ardpatrick and Adare
Most Improved in each Municipal District (€1,500 Each)
Limerick Metro Gouldavoher
Adare/ Rathkeale Rathkeale
Newcastle West Athea
Cappamore/ Kilmallock Glenroe
Most improved overall in Tidy Towns 2016 (€3000)
Rockhill
Estates/ Residential Area
1st Place €2,000 Glenbrook Glendale Glendale Lawn
2nd Place €1,500 Caherdavin
3rd Place €1,000 Monaleen Park
Highly commended (each receive €500) Limerick Going for Gold 2016 winner.
Cappamore Estates
Castletroy View Residents Association Limerick Going for Gold 2016 winner.
Kyleafea/ Caemore Court Residents Association
Meadowbrook Residents Association
Rosmor Residents Association
Spring Grove Residents Association
Verdant Crescent Residents Association
Woodlawn Residents Association
Read more about Going For Gold here.
Check out the Limerick Going For Gold 2016 winner, Glin here.
Check out the JP McManus Charitable Foundation here.
Check out Limerick City and County Council here.
Paul O Connell book 'The Battle' is set to be a huge hit!
by richanthon in Culture, Entertainment, News, People, Promo, Sports 0 comments 2418 0
They queued for four hours in advance to meet the man who is without a doubt a true Limerick legend.
Coinciding with the release of his much-anticipated autobiography, Paul O'Connell signed copies of his book, The Battle, in O'Mahony's Bookshop .
Over 500 people queued for hours to meet former rugby legend Paul O'Connell at his book signing in Limerick city this past Sunday, eager to get a signed copy of his book The Battle.
The book signing was due to begin at 2pm, however after The Battle author observed images of the lengthy queues on I Love Limerick's social media, he arrived early so as not to disappoint fans on his home ground in the Treaty City.
Paul O Connell book signing at O'Mahony's Bookshop. Picture: Cian Reinhardt/ilovelimerick
Even before he was due to meet his legions of fans, he had planned to sign more than 200 copies of The Battle, which were pre-ordered by customers who couldn't attend the signing.
The Battle was co-written with Alan English, former editor of the Limerick Leader and current editorial director of Iconic Newspapers, which own the Leader. He also attended the signing along with many family members.
I had the honour of interviewing Paul at the book signing. With typical modesty, when asked how he felt about the phenomenal turnout, he joked that the book might be an easy Christmas present for people, as many queued to purchase several books for friends and family members.
The former Munster, Ireland and Lion's captain described The Battle as "the full story. I think it's very honest and I hope people will enjoy it," he said.
I asked him what exactly was 'The Battle' he faced, he revealed, "the battle was mainly with myself, the injuries, playing high-pressure games, trying to win things, trying to be successful," and told me, "blaming myself when we lost a game made me better."
I asked him how it felt to be so loved by the people of Limerick, "I am very proud of my Limerick roots. I love living here, the sense of humour the people have, what a great place to live."
I admire Paul so much, not just for his sporting achievements, but for his soul. Paul is a man who is truly proud of our beautiful city as he has said himself on numerous occasions and proved undoubtedly over the years through his involvement with positive campaigns and charity work. Congrats Paul. All of Limerick are rooting for you!
You can find out more about the Paul O Connell book, 'The Battle', here.
Here you can read more stories about Paul O Connell.
Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016
by richanthon in Awareness, Charity, Community, Culture, Events, Family, News, Pride 0 comments 2143 0
Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016 got under way last week with a number of special events held for members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex (LGBTI) communities in the city, as well as the wider Limerick public.
As always, there was an educational aspect to the Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016. Support meetings will be held throughout the week for youth, adult and transgender groups.
The main event, of course, was the annual Limerick Pride parade, which kicked off last Saturday from City Hall.
The theme of this year's festival was #UnitedColoursofLimerick and the Parade was led by Broden Giambrone, the chief executive of Transgender Equality Network Ireland. Broden brought many friends from Dublin and after the Parade made an inspirational speech at PrideFest 2016, a showcase of local LGBT culture, held in a beautiful marquee on the grounds of the Hunt Museum.
In 2015, Ireland saw the Marriage Equality Referendum passed as well as a Bill on Gender Recognition; Broden said that although these are welcome changes and are massive steps in LGBTI history in Ireland there is still a lot to be done. Broden says there is a need for hate-crime legislation, increased supports nationally and the revision of the Gender Recognition Act to include all members of the trans community.
"More broadly increased positive visibility is what we need, that is what changes people's views. Legislation is important but we need to show that as trans people, we are part of Irish society, we are your siblings, your co-workers, your friends, we are your family. We are one element, one aspect of human diversity."
Pride festivals are a celebration of history, community and acceptance said Broden, who also believes it is the perfect platform to educate society on the LGBTI community, "A lot of people at Pride come from within the community, but you also get a lot of friends, families and allies coming as well, so it is the perfect platform to be talking about these issues and the diversity of the LGBTI community."
"Being trans is part of the human condition, we should be able to accept that and celebrate it like we do all diversities. Positive visibility is a big part; supporting people in being able to live true to who they are."
I was honoured that Broden said yes when I asked him to be the Grand Marshall for this years Limerick Pride. There is a need for LGBTI Pride festivals, as long as others in the global LGBTI community are not as fortunate as us in Ireland in terms of equal human rights. We must take a stand for human rights for all. That's why our theme this year is #UnitedColoursofLimerick. We want Pride to be an inclusive, open and integrated event welcoming all people regardless of their sexual or gender orientation, religion or race. This year we aimed to put the T back into LGBTI, with a focus specifically on advancing the rights and equality of trans people and their families and we succeeded admirably. It was thrilled to be able to see transgendered people walking through the streets of Limerick with the people of Limerick put on the streets waving them on with love.
Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016 pictured at The main Climax Party at Dolan's Warehouse, will feature Queens of Limerick, Madonna Lucia and Sheila Fitzpatrick taking to the stage with local acts and with the Dublin queens of Dragged Up. Picture: Edmund McCarthy/ilovelimerick
The Limerick Pride LGBTI Festival 2016 took place starting on Monday July 11 until Sunday July 17 with the Parade on Saturday July 16 and featured a multitude of events from workshops, support meetings and discussions to evenings of music and club nights, to cater to the Pride needs of everyone.
Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016 – Limerick Youth Service will host Limerick's first Pride Youth Party at LYS's Lava Javas Youth Cafe, 5 Lower Glentworth St on Friday, July 15.
A Day in May photograph exhibition was launched in The Belltable, 69 O'Connell Street on Monday, July 11 to coincide with Limerick LGBTI Pride.
Limerick Pride's official Launch night was on Monday July 11 and finished off in Strokers Gay Bar on William Street with champagne, finger food and dance floor musical treats. Strokers are opening 7 nights during Pride to offer something different on every night of Pride.
On Tuesday July 12 from 1pm to 4pm, Strokers Gay Bar hosted a Trans Workshop. Whether you're interested in learning to put on make up, pick out high heels or how to create a realistic beard, this was a very special event. Experts were there to show all who attended the skills you need to present in your gender.
On Wednesday July 13, the Pride Wedding Show, a wedding fair established in 2014 as part of Limerick Pride Festival, took place from 6pm to 8pm, venue TBD. Sharon McMeel, an award winning wedding planner, said about the fair: "We'll have different suppliers and vendors there, so all couples regardless of their sexual orientation will have a good opportunity to get answers to their important questions if they are considering getting married. With the historic 'Yes' vote last year for the marriage referendum, it's great to be able to look out for all the people who have gotten newly engaged."
Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016 – A huge thanks to Shannon Conference and Sports Bureau, Limerick City & County Council and to Fran O'Donell of Futureama Productions for sponsoring this year's Limerick Pride flags on the Shannon Bridge. Pictured here the flags flying proudly with the Limerick 2020 flags. Picture: Sarah Hayes/ilovelimerick
Wednesday after the Pride Wedding Show, Cobblestone Joes was home to the Limerick Pride Open Mic night. The inclusive atmosphere of one of Limericks top music venues was the perfect fit for the #UnitedColoursofLimerick theme with all singers and musicians welcome for this fantastic music celebration.
On Thursday July 14, Mezz Ladies Night at the Red Hen saw the comeback of the hottest night for girls who like girls with a prosecco reception, DJ and late bar with free admission.
On Friday, July 15 the now traditional event 'T'was the night before Pride' took place at Mickey Martins from 9pm-11.30pm. Running since 2008, Mickey Martins returned for another year to host the pre-pride party with guest DJ Aoife Nic Canna. Afterwards it was off to Club Milk's 3rd Birthday Bash with DJ Gary G.
The annual Limerick LGBTI Pride parade began on Saturday July 16, and brought some extra colour and music to Limerick City Centre, gathering at City Hall at 1.30pm, the Parade made its way at 2.30pm sharp up O'Connell Street, across Mallow Street to Henry Street, past Arthurs Quay Park and returned to the Hunt Museum for PrideFest 2016.
PrideFest 2016 was a showcase of local LGBT culture in Limerick in a lavish marquee in the museum gardens with host Paul Ryder, with special guests Hands in Harmony Deaf Community Choir and back by popular demand Patrick James, Voice of Ireland 2015 winner. Limerick legend, actor, director and playwright, Myles Breen held his annual tea dance, which for many is a highlight of the festival.
That night after Pridefest, the main Climax Party at Dolan's Warehouse, featured Queens of Limerick, Madonna Lucia and Sheila Fitzpatrick taking to the stage with local acts and with the Dublin queens of "Dragged Up" including Gala award entertainer of the year Victoria Secret, Paul Ryder, Regina George and Pixie, followed by DJ Ruth on the main floor, a "Saved by the 90s" party upstairs and Madonna Lucia hosting her monthly party at Confessions with DJ Bugsy. Three rooms packed with colour, vibrancy and music for all.
On Sunday, June 17, a Prideful Recovery Event was held at GOSHH, 18 Davis Street from 1pm – 5pm with holistic therapies including Reiki, Tarot and angel card readings.
A full line-up for Pride week can be found at www.LimerickPride.ie with updates at www.facebook.com/limerickpride. Tag your photos and comments about this years Pride with #UnitedColoursofLimerick.
For media inquires contact [email protected].
To check out all the updates on Limerick LGBTI Pride Festival 2016 click here.
For more news stories about Pride from I Love Limerick click here. | {
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Agilbert (auch Æthelberht, * um 610; † um 680) war ein fränkischer Bischof erst in Wessex, dann im Bistum Paris.
Der Adelsspross Agilbert hatte in Francia bereits Kontakt zum Bischof Columban, bevor er erst zum Studium nach Irland, dann in das angelsächsische Britannien ging, nach Einladung von Cenwalh zur Nachfolge von Birinus nach Wessex in das Bistum Dorchester. Doch war nach Beda Venerabilis Cenwalh befremdet von seiner "barbarischen" Sprache und teilte um 660 das Bistum auf durch die Gründung des Bistums Winchester. Verletzt verließ Agilbert die Insel, nahm aber vermutlich an der Synode von Whitby 664 teil, wo er für die päpstliche Position eintrat. Um 666 wurde er Bischof von Paris. Cenwalh schlug ihm die Rückkehr auf den Stuhl von Winchester vor, doch schickte er lieber seinen Neffen Leuthere.
Da es in England auf Grund der Pest nicht genug Bischöfe für eine gültige Weihe gab, erhielt Wilfrid von Oswiu und Ealhfrith die Erlaubnis, zu seiner Weihe ins Frankenreich zu reisen. Die Zeremonie fand in der merowingischen Königspfalz Compiègne statt und wurde von seinem Freund Agilbert und elf weiteren Bischöfen geleitet.
Agilbert wurde nach seinem Tod um 680 in der Abtei Notre-Dame de Jouarre begraben, wo seine Schwester Theodechilde Äbtissin war. Sein Heiligenfest liegt auf dem 11. Oktober.
Bibliographie
Paul Fouracre: Agilbert. In: Michael Lapidge, John Blair, Simon Keynes et Donald Scragg (Ed.): The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo Saxon England, 2014, ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7
Weblinks
Einzelbelege
Heiliger (7. Jahrhundert)
Bischof von Paris
Bischof (7. Jahrhundert)
Geboren im 7. Jahrhundert
Gestorben im 7. Jahrhundert
Mann | {
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Five Books for Fans of The Woman in the Library
by Marisa, Answers | December 31, 2022
Did you enjoy The Woman in the Library by Sulari Gentill, the December 2022 selection for the Facebook Book Club? Check out some more well-plotted mysteries written by authors who love to keep their readers guessing. Then head over to the group to find out what January's book will be and join in on our community conversations.
Magpie Murders by Anthony Horowitz
From Library Journal: Horowitz's fourth adult novel presents two mysteries for the price of one, crafting a classic whodunit within a modern mystery. Susan Ryeland is an editor for a small press whose success rests on the old-fashioned mystery novels of Alan Conway. Returning from escorting an author on a book tour, she finds Alan's latest Atticus Pünd manuscript, Magpie Murders, on her desk. Upon reaching the novel's end, she finds that the last chapter is missing. When she informs her boss, Charles Clover, he tells her that Alan has committed suicide. Susan searches for the lost chapter, and in the process comes to believe that Alan's death was no suicide. Using clues buried in the manuscript, she investigates his death. While Susan and the fictional Atticus are very different characters, they use similar techniques to tease out the clues and hints to bring each mystery to resolution.
The Verifiers by Jane Pek
Claudia has just been stealth-recruited by Veracity, a referrals-only online-dating detective agency. A lifelong mystery reader who wrote her senior thesis on Jane Austen, Claudia believes she's landed her ideal job. But when a client vanishes, Claudia breaks protocol to investigate–and uncovers a maelstrom of personal and corporate deceit. Part literary mystery, part family story, The Verifiers is a clever and incisive examination of how technology shapes our choices, and the nature of romantic love in the digital age.
In Black and White by Jun'ichirō Tanizaki
Jun'ichirō Tanizaki's In Black and White is a literary murder mystery in which the lines between fiction and reality are blurred. The writer Mizuno has penned a story about the perfect murder. His fictional victim is modeled on an acquaintance, a fellow writer. When Mizuno notices just before the story is about to be published that this man's real name has crept into his manuscript, he attempts to correct the mistake, but it is too late. He then becomes terrified that an actual murder will take place–and that he will be the main suspect.
Dream Girl by Laura Lippman
Gerry Andersen, a best-selling novelist, is bedridden in his Baltimore penthouse after a freakish fall, tended by an assistant and a night nurse. Then the phone calls and letters start, purportedly from a fictional character, Aubrey, the heroine of Gerry's breakthrough novel, Dream Girl, who claims she will expose how he stole her story without attribution. Knowing that Aubrey was a product of his imagination, Gerry is first baffled then panicked by this intrusion into his life, especially as there are no records of the phone calls. Has Gerry imagined the whole thing? Lippman brilliantly moves back and forth in time, gradually building the narcissistic Gerry into a confoundingly complex character, both repellent and vulnerable, a man whose ill treatment of the multiple women in his life suggests numerous possibilities for the person behind the newly arisen Aubrey. But don't expect to figure this one out; Lippman never stops twisting the plot into a deliciously intricate pretzel, right up to the jaw-dropping finale
Found Audio by N.J. Campbell
Amrapali Anna Singh is an historian and analyst capable of discerning the most cryptic and trivial details from audio recordings. One day, a mysterious man appears at her office in Dutch Harbor, Alaska, having traveled a great distance to bring her three Type IV audio cassettes that bear the stamp of a library in Buenos Aires that may or may not exist. On the cassettes is the deposition of an adventure journalist and his obsessive pursuit of an amorphous, legendary, and puzzling "City of Dreams." Spanning decades, his quest leads him from a snake-hunter in the Louisiana bayou to the walled city of Kowloon on the eve of its destruction, from the Singing Dunes of Mongolia to a chess tournament in Istanbul. The deposition also begs the question: Who is making the recording, and why?
Despite being explicitly instructed not to, curiosity gets the better of Singh and she mails a transcription of the cassettes with her analysis to an acquaintance before vanishing. The man who bore the cassettes, too, has disappeared. The journalist was unnamed. Here–for the first time–is the complete archival manuscript of the mysterious recordings accompanied by Singh's analysis.
The Decagon House Murders by Yukito Ajaysuji
From Publisher's Weekly: First published in 1987, Ayatsuji's brilliant and richly atmospheric puzzle will appeal to fans of golden age whodunits. Six months after the bodies of architect Nakamura Seiji, his wife, and two servants were found in the burnt remains of a house on isolated Tsunojima, a small island off the coast of Japan, seven members of the Kyoto University Mystery Club decide to visit Tsunojima. They are to reside for a week in the bizarrely constructed Decagon House, where everything seems to have 10 sides and where they soon learn that a killer is targeting them. The tension in this sophisticated homage to Agatha Christie's And Then There Were None is expertly heightened by a parallel plot set on the mainland, where two other members of the Kyoto society have received threatening letters, ostensibly from the dead Seiji. As in the best fair-play mysteries, every word counts, leading up to a jaw-dropping but logical reveal.
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\section{Introduction}
Consider the following two-group classification problem. Let $(\textbf{X},Y)$ be a
random pair with underlying distribution $F_{\textbf{X},Y}$, where the observed vector $\textbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ is used to predict the unknown class membership of $Y \in \{0,1 \}$. In classification, one seeks to find a function (classifier) $\phi :\mathbb{R}^{d} \to \{ 0,1\}$ whose probability of incorrect prediction, denoted
\begin{equation*}
L(\phi)=P\{\phi(\textbf{X}) \neq Y\},
\end{equation*}
is as small as possible. The rule that minimizes this error is known as the
\textit{Bayes classifier}, and is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Rule}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{x})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } P\{Y=1 \vert \textbf{X}=\textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X}=
\textbf{x}\}\\
0 \text{ otherwise, }
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
with corresponding probability of misclassification
\begin{equation*}
L(\phi_{B})=P\{\phi_{B}(\textbf{X}) \neq Y\};
\end{equation*}
that is, $L(\phi_{B}) \leq L(\phi)$ for all classifiers $\phi$. For more on the general problem of statistical classification, one can refer to Devroye et al. (1996) and their list of references.\\
\
There are several open questions related to classification when the class-conditional densities of $\textbf{X}$ given $Y$ are assumed to be known. For example, Devroye et al. (1996) examine classification when the class-conditional densities are uniform over the $d$-dimensional hyper-rectangles $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_0$; that is, $\textbf{X}|Y=1 \sim$ Unif$(\mathcal{R}_{1})$ and $\textbf{ X}|Y=0 \sim$ Unif$(\mathcal{R}_{0}).$ If $\textbf{x}$ falls in $\mathcal{R}_{1} - \mathcal{R}_{0}$, for example, there is no probability of incorrect prediction; simply classify $\textbf{x}$ as belonging to class $1$. When $\textbf{x} \in \mathcal{R}_{1} \cap \mathcal{R}_{0}$, however, the problem becomes more challenging. In this setup, the authors show that the optimal rule in (\ref{Bayes Rule}) becomes
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Rule - Rectangles}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{x})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{R}_1 - \mathcal{R}_0\\
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{R}_0 - \mathcal{R}_1\\
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{R}_1 \cap \mathcal{R}_0, \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{R}_1)} > \dfrac{1-p}{\mu(\mathcal{R}_0)}\\[10pt]
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{R}_1 \cap \mathcal{R}_0, \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{R}_1)} \leq \dfrac{1-p}{\mu(\mathcal{R}_0)},\\[10pt]
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $p=P\{Y=1\}$ and $\mu(\cdot)$ denotes the Lebesgue measure. In practice, however, the assumption that the conditional densities are uniform over hyper-rectangles is far too restrictive and limits the use of the above classifier. Moreover, the regions $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_0$ are almost always unknown and must therefore be estimated using a set of iid data. To complicate matters further, there is no mention of how to deal with the more realistic case where there may be missing covariates in both the data and new observation $\textbf{X}$ being classified. This paper aims to address all of these concerns.\\
\
Accurate estimation of the unknown regions $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_0$ is far more than just a theoretical concern and has widespread applications in many diverse disciplines. In conservational biology, for example, Kerley et al. (2002) use location data collected from radio-collared tigers in parts of eastern Russia to estimate their home ranges. In a related work, Burgman and Fox (2003) propose using a generalization of the convex hull of observed locations to predict the shape of a species' true habitat. The cited works empirically verify that species' habitats almost always form complex geometrical regions. To conduct reliable inference, therefore, there is clearly a need to both generalize the underlying assumptions of the classifier in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Rectangles}) and find an optimal method of estimation.\\
\
In order to construct a sample-based version of the optimal rule in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Rectangles}) using estimates of the unknown regions $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_0$, one typically uses an iid set of data \linebreak $D_{n} = \{ (\textbf{X}_{1}, Y_{1}), ..., (\textbf{X}_{n}, Y_{n}) \}$, where $(\textbf{X}_{i}, Y_{i}) \sim F_{\textbf{X},Y}$ for $i=1,...,n$. Denoting the resulting data-based classifier as $\phi_{n}$, the hope is that the performance of $\phi_{n}$ is similar in some sense to that of the optimal classifier $\phi_{B}$. In general, the quality of a sample-based classifier is usually assessed by checking whether or not it is consistent; a data-based rule $\phi_n$ is said to be consistent (weakly) if
\begin{equation*}
P\{\phi_n({ \bf X})\neq Y\,|\, D_n\} \overset{p} \longrightarrow P\{\phi_B({
\bf X})\neq Y\}.
\end{equation*}
The rule is said to be strongly consistent if the convergence holds with probability one (Devroye et al. (1996)).\\
\
In practice, the situation is more complicated when some of the covariates used to predict the class membership of $\textbf{X}$ are missing. Prior to 2007, most of the existing results in the literature on classification with missing covariates deal with the case where covariates can be missing in the data (i.e., in ${\bf X}_i,~i=1, ..., n$) but not in the new observation ${\bf X}$. See, for example, Chung and Han (2000) for the parametric case, and Pawlak (1993) for the nonparametric case. Here, however, we consider the more general case where there may be missing covariates in both the data and the new observation being classified. To see why missing values can cause difficulty, first note that if there are missing covariates in the data, the number of regions to be estimated (one corresponding to each class-conditional density) will typically increase (a more detailed explanation will be given in Section 2). Yet another source of difficulty is that in the case with missing covariates, the rule $\phi_{B}$ given in (\ref{Bayes Rule}) will not necessarily be the optimal classifier any more. In fact, Mojirsheibani and Montazeri (2007) derived the optimal classifier in the presence of missing covariates, which is in general different from (\ref{Bayes Rule}). For more recent results on classification with missing covariates, one may also refer to Mojirsheibani (2012) and Mojirsheibani and Chenouri (2011).\\
In this paper, we expand upon the above problem of classification when the class-conditional densities are known, and extend our results to the more realistic case where covariates can be missing in both the data and new observation being classified. In Section 2, we present the form of the classifier that is optimal not only in the restrictive case where $\mathcal{R}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ are hyper-rectangles, but in the more general situation where $\mathcal{R}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{R}_{0}$ can be any two convex sets. In Section 3, we propose a data-based version of the optimal rule which is constructed with sample-based approximations of the two convex regions. The proposed classifier is then shown to be strongly consistent. A formal justification for our method of estimating convex regions can be found in the appendix.\\
\
\section{Estimation}
Our discussion and results for classification on convex sets are based on the following setup. Let $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be convex and let $D_n=\{\textbf{X}_1,\textbf{X}_2,...,\textbf{X}_n\}$ denote an iid set of $d$-dimensional random vectors, where $\textbf{X}_i$ is uniformly distributed on $\mathcal{C}$ for $i=1,...,n$. Here and throughout the paper, we will be assuming that $\mathcal{C}$ is closed (this is not as restrictive as it seems; if $\mathcal{C}$ is not closed, one can instead consider the closure of $\mathcal{C}$, denoted $\bar{\mathcal{C}}$, since $P\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C} \} = P\{ \textbf{X} \in \bar{\mathcal{C}} \}$). Given $D_n$, how can we estimate $\mathcal{C}$ in a consistent way? To motivate our choice of using the convex hull of $D_{n}$ as an estimator of $\mathcal{C}$, we consider the method of maximum likelihood. Let $\theta$ be the (unknown) volume of $\mathcal{C} $ and note that the likelihood function can be written as
\begin{equation*}
L(\theta \vert D_n)=\prod_{i=1}^{n}\dfrac{I\{\textbf{x}_i\in \mathcal{C} \}}{\theta} =\dfrac{I\{ \textbf{x}_1,\textbf{x}_2,..., \textbf{x}_n \in \mathcal{C}\}}{{\theta}^n},
\end{equation*}
where $I\{ \cdot \}$ denotes the indicator function ($I\{ A \}=1$ if $\textbf{x} \in A$ and $I\{ A\} = 0$ if $\textbf{x} \not\in A$ for any set $A \subset \mathbb{R}^{d}$). Clearly, this expression is maximized when our estimate of $\theta$ is minimized. With this in mind we take the convex hull of $D_n$, which we shall denote by $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n$, to be our estimate of $\mathcal{C}$ (the convex hull of $D_n$ is, by definition, the smallest convex set containing the points in $D_n$). How good is $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n$ at estimating $\mathcal{C}$? First, let us show that $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow \mathcal{C}$ in some sense.\\
For a fixed point $\textbf{t}\in \mathcal{C}$, define the ``distance" between $\textbf{t}$ and $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n$ to be $ \inf_{y\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|,$ where $\| \cdot \|$ denotes the Euclidean norm in $\mathbb{R}^d$. To establish the convergence of $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n$ to $\mathcal{C}$, we will consider the Hausdorff distance
\begin{equation*}
d(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n, \mathcal{C}) = \max\left\lbrace \sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{y\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|, \sup\limits_{y\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n} \inf\limits_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|\right\rbrace.
\end{equation*}
Since $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n \subset \mathcal{C}$, however, $d(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n, \mathcal{C})$ can be written equivalently as $\sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf_{y\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|$. Therefore, to show that $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow \mathcal{C}$, we will show that $\sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{y\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0$ as $n \to \infty$.
\begin{lemma}
\label{Lemma - d(datapoint, t)}
Let $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be convex and let $D_n=\{\textbf{X}_1,\textbf{X}_2,...,\textbf{X}_n\}$ denote a set of iid random vectors, uniformly distributed on $\mathcal{C}$. Also, denote the convex hull of $D_n$ by $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_n$. Then for all $\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}$ and $\epsilon>0$,
\begin{equation*}
P\left\lbrace \min_{i=1}^{n} \| \textbf{t}-\textbf{X}_i\| >\epsilon\right\rbrace = r^{n}
\end{equation*}
for some $r:= r(\epsilon) \in [0,1)$, where $r$ does not depend on $n$.
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Lemma \ref{Lemma - d(datapoint, t)}}\\
Let $\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}$ and $\epsilon>0$ be given. Denote the $d-$dimensional ball with center $\textbf{t}$ and radius $\epsilon$ by $B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)$. If $\mu(A)$ represents the Lebesgue measure of a set $A$, we get
\begin{align*}
P\left\lbrace \min_{i=1}^{n} \| \textbf{t}-\textbf{X}_i\|>\epsilon\right\rbrace &= P\{\textbf{X}_1,...,\textbf{X}_n\not \in B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)\} = \prod_{i=1}^{n}P\{ \textbf{X}_i \not \in B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)\}\\
&=\left[ P\{ \textbf{X}_1 \not \in B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)\} \right]^{n} =\left[ 1-\dfrac{\mu[B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)\cap \mathcal{C} ]}{\mu(\mathcal{C})} \right]^{n}\\
&:=r^{n}.
\end{align*}
Since $\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}$, $\mu[B(\textbf{t},\epsilon)\cap \mathcal{C} ] > 0$, and so $0 \leq r < 1. \hspace{15pt} \Box$\\
\
\begin{lemma}
\label{Lemma - d(datapoint, t) RANDOM}
Let $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be convex and let $N \sim \text{binomial}(n,p)$. For all $k \in \{1, 2,... , n\}$, let $D_k=\{\textbf{X}_1,\textbf{X}_2,...,\textbf{X}_k\}$ be a set of iid random vectors uniformly distributed on $\mathcal{C}$ and denote the convex hull of $D_k$ by $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_k$. Then for all $\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}$ and $\epsilon > 0$,
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{k=1}^{n}P\left\lbrace \inf_{ \textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_ k} \| \textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace P \{ N = k \} \leq c_{1}^{n} + c_{2}^{n},
\end{equation*}
where $c_{1}: = c_{1}(\epsilon) \in (0,1)$, $c_{2}: = c_{2}(\epsilon) \in (0,1)$, and neither $c_{1}$ nor $c_{2}$ depends on $n$.
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Lemma \ref{Lemma - d(datapoint, t) RANDOM}}\\
Let $\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}$ and $\epsilon>0$ be given. Then
\begin{align*}
\sum_{k=1}^{n} P\left\lbrace \inf_{ \textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_k} \| \textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace P\{ N=k \}
&\leq \sum_{k=1}^{n} P\left\lbrace \min_{i=1}^{k}\| \textbf{t}-\textbf{X}_i\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace P\{ N=k \}\\
&= \sum_{k=1}^{n} r^k {n\choose k} p^k (1-p)^{n-k} \hspace{10pt} \left (\text{$0 \leq r < 1$; by Lemma \ref{Lemma - d(datapoint, t)}} \right)\\
&=(1-p)^n \sum_{k=1}^{n} {n\choose k} \left( \frac{rp}{1-p} \right)^k 1^{n-k}\\
&=(1-p)^n \left[ \left( 1+ \frac{rp}{1-p}\right)^n - 1\right]\\
&=[1-p+rp]^n - (1-p)^n\\
&:=c_{1}^{n} + c_{2}^{n},
\end{align*}
where $0 < c_{1} < 1$, $0 < c_{2} < 1$, and neither $c_{1}$ nor $c_{2}$ depends on $n$. \hspace{15pt} $\Box$
\begin{lemma}
\label{Lemma - compact}
If $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ is convex and closed with finite Lebesgue measure, then $\mathcal{C}$ is compact.
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Lemma \ref{Lemma - compact}}\\
Since $\mathcal{C}$ is convex and has probability measure $1$, it is bounded.
By assumption, $\mathcal{C}$ is also closed, and therefore compact.\hspace{15pt} $\Box$\\
Up to this point, we have been assuming that the size of our sample $D_{n}$ was fixed. When we discuss classification in the next section, however, we will need to consider the more general case where the sample size is itself a random variable. To see why, note that we can always partition our data into two sets - those $\textbf{X}_{i}'$s for which $Y_{i}=1$ and those $\textbf{X}_{i}'$s for which $Y_{i}=0$. Since there is no way of knowing how many points will lie in each set, the sample sizes of both sets will be random.\\
\
Before stating our main result, we must first define the convex hull of a set of points containing a random number of elements. Let $N$ be a non-negative integer valued random variable and let $D_{N} = \{ \textbf{X}_{1}, \textbf{X}_{2}, ... , \textbf{X}_{N}\}.$ If $N>0$, define $\widehat{C}_{N}$ to be the convex hull of $D_{N}$; if $N=0$, define $\widehat{C}_{N}$ to be a ball of arbitrary radius $\delta > 0$ about the origin.\\
\
\begin{theorem}
\label{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}
Let $\mathcal{C}\subset \mathbb{R}^d$ be convex and closed and let $N \sim \text{binomial}(n,p)$. Define $D_N=\{\textbf{X}_1,\textbf{X}_2,...,\textbf{X}_N\}$ to be a set of iid random vectors, uniformly distributed on $\mathcal{C}$. Also, denote the convex hull of $D_N$ by $\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_N$, as defined above. Then
\begin{equation*}
\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow \mathcal{C}
\end{equation*}
in the Hausdorff metric.
\end{theorem}
\textit{Proof of Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}}\\
Let $\epsilon > 0$ and observe that
\begin{align}
\label{Theorem 1 - Piece 0}
P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\| \textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace &= P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y} \| > \epsilon, N>0 \right\rbrace \notag \\
&+ P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{ \textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y} \| > \epsilon, N=0 \right\rbrace \notag \\
& \leq P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y} \| > \epsilon, N>0 \right\rbrace + P\{ N=0 \} \notag \\
& = \sum_{\ell=1}^{n} P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{N}}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \Big| N= \ell \right\rbrace P \{ N = \ell\} + P\{ N=0\} \notag \\
& = \sum_{\ell=1}^{n} P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{\ell}}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace P \{ N = \ell\} + P\{ N=0\} \notag \\
& := \text{I + II},
\end{align}
where $P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}}\{ A \}$ denotes the probability of the event $A$ under the joint uniform distribution of $(\textbf{X}_{1}, \textbf{X}_{2}, ... ,\textbf{X}_{\ell})$ on $\mathcal{C}$. To deal with term I, consider the collection $\{B(\textbf{t},\frac{\epsilon}{2}) \vert \textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}\}$, i.e. the set of all open balls of radius $\frac{\epsilon}{2}$ with centers in $\mathcal{C}$. Clearly, $\mathcal{C} \subset \cup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}}B(\textbf{t}, \frac{\epsilon}{2} )$. Furthermore, since $\mathcal{C}$ is compact (see Lemma \ref{Lemma - compact}), there exists a finite subcover of $\mathcal{C}$, say $\cup_{i=1}^{k}B(\textbf{t}_{i},\frac{\epsilon}{2})$. For any $\ell \in \{ 1,2,...,n\}$,
\begin{equation}
\label{Theorem 1 - Piece 1}
\sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|\leq \max\limits_{i=1 }^{k} \sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in B(\textbf{t}_i, \frac{\epsilon}{2})} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{ \mathcal{C} }_\ell}\|\textbf{t} -\textbf{y}\|.
\end{equation}
By the triangle inequality,
\begin{equation*}
\sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in B(\textbf{t}_i,\frac{\epsilon}{2})} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\|\leq \frac{\epsilon}{2} + \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i-\textbf{y}\|
\end{equation*}
for all $i\in\{ 1,2,...,k\}$. Therefore,
\begin{align}
\label{Theorem 1 - Piece 2}
\max_{i=1}^{k}\sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in B(\textbf{t}_i,\frac{\epsilon}{2})} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| &\leq \frac{\epsilon}{2} + \max_{i=1}^{k} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i-\textbf{y}\| \leq \frac{\epsilon}{2} + \sum_{i=1}^{k} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i-\textbf{y}\|.
\end{align}
Putting expressions (\ref{Theorem 1 - Piece 1}) and (\ref{Theorem 1 - Piece 2}) together yields
\begin{align*}
P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{ \textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace &\leq P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \frac{\epsilon}{2} + \sum_{i=1}^{k} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i - \textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace\\
& \leq \sum_{i=1}^{k} P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \inf\limits_{ \textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i - \textbf{y}\| > \frac{\epsilon}{2k} \right\rbrace
\end{align*}
for all $\ell \in\{ 1,2,...,n\}$. We can now bound term I in expression (\ref{Theorem 1 - Piece 0}) via
\begin{align*}
\sum_{\ell=1}^{n} P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t} - \textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace P \{ N = \ell\} & \leq \sum_{i = 1}^{k} \sum_{\ell=1}^{n} P_{\ell, \mathcal{C}} \left\lbrace \inf\limits_{ \textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_\ell}\|\textbf{t}_i - \textbf{y}\| > \frac{\epsilon}{2k} \right\rbrace P \{ N = \ell\}\\
& \leq \sum_{i=1}^{k} (c_{1}^{n} + c_{2}^{n}) \hspace{15pt} \text{(by Lemma \ref{Lemma - d(datapoint, t) RANDOM})}
\end{align*}
where $0 < c_{1} < 1$, $0 < c_{2} < 1$, and neither $c_{1}$ nor $c_{2}$ depends on $n$. To deal with term II in expression (\ref{Theorem 1 - Piece 0}), simply note that
\begin{equation*}
P \{ N=0 \} = (1-p)^{n} = e^{n\log(1-p)} = e^{-c_{3}n},
\end{equation*}
where $c_{3} > 0$. Putting all of the above together, we have
\begin{equation*}
P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace \leq kc_{1}^{n} + kc_{2}^{n} + e^{-c_{3}n}.
\end{equation*}
Therefore
\begin{equation*}
\sum_{n=1}^{\infty} P \left\lbrace \sup_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| > \epsilon \right\rbrace \leq k \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} c_{1}^{n} + k \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} c_{2}^{n} + \sum_{n=1}^{\infty} e^{-c_{3}n} < \infty,
\end{equation*}
and by the Borel-Cantelli lemma, $\sup\limits_{\textbf{t} \in \mathcal{C}} \inf\limits_{\textbf{y} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_N}\|\textbf{t}-\textbf{y}\| \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0$ as $n \to \infty$. $\hspace{15pt} \Box$
\section{Classification on Convex Sets}
Now that we have shown that $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{n}$ is a consistent estimator of $\mathcal{C}$, we can carefully examine classification on convex sets. Before considering our main results, i.e. those involving classification with missing covariates, we deal with the simpler case where every observation is available. The ideas in this section will make our main results in the following section more presentable.\\
\
Let $\textbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be a vector of covariates to be used to predict the class membership $Y\in \{0,1\}$. Here, $\textbf{X} \vert Y=1 \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_1)$ and $\textbf{X} \vert Y=0 \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_0)$, where $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_0 $ are taken to be convex sets in $\mathbb{R}^d$. In this setup, the optimal rule $\phi_{B}$ is given by (\ref{Bayes Rule - Rectangles}), with $\mathcal{R}_1$ and $\mathcal{R}_0$ replaced by $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_0$ respectively. To see this, rewrite expression (\ref{Bayes Rule}) as
\begin{align*}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{x})&= I \left\lbrace P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&=I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&+I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \not\in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&:= \text{I + II}.
\end{align*}
Expand the second term to get
\begin{align*}
\text{II}&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}, P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{0} - \mathcal{C}_{1}, P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&=I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}\right\rbrace + 0\\
&=I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}\right\rbrace.
\end{align*}
Therefore we see that
\begin{align}
\label{Bayes Rule Indicator - Convex (no missing)}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{x})&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace \nonumber \\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}\right\rbrace.
\end{align}
Denote the probability density function of $\textbf{X}$ conditioned on $Y=y$ by $f_{\textbf{X}\vert Y=y}$, and let $f_\textbf{X}$ be the marginal density function of $\textbf{X}$. Next, let $p=P\{Y=1\}$ and let $\mu(\cdot)$ denote the Lebesgue measure of a set and use the fact that whenever $\textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}$,
\begin{equation}
\label{Conditional 1}
P\{Y=1 \vert \textbf{X}=\textbf{x}\}=\dfrac{f_{\textbf{X}\vert Y=1} (\textbf{x} \vert 1) P\{Y=1\}}{f_\textbf{X}(\textbf{x})} = \dfrac{\dfrac{p} {\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{1})}}}{\dfrac{p} {\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{1})}} + \dfrac{1-p} {\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{0})}}}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Conditional 2}
P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X}=\textbf{x}\}=\dfrac{f_{\textbf{X}\vert Y=0} (\textbf{x} \vert 0) P\{Y=0\}}{f_\textbf{X}(\textbf{x})} = \dfrac{\dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{0})}}}{\dfrac{p} {\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{1})}} + \dfrac{1-p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{0})}}}
\end{equation}
to rewrite (\ref{Bayes Rule Indicator - Convex (no missing)}) as
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Rule - Convex}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{x})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_1 - \mathcal{C}_0\\
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_0 - \mathcal{C}_1\\
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_1 \cap \mathcal{C}_0, \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_1)} > \dfrac{1-p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_0)}\\[10pt]
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}_1 \cap \mathcal{C}_0, \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_1)} \leq \dfrac{1-p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_0)}.\\[10pt]
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
Thus, we have proved the following result.
\begin{theorem}
\label{Theorem - Optimal Classifier}
Let $\textbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be a vector of covariates to be used to predict the class membership $Y\in \{0,1\}$, where $\textbf{X} \vert Y=1 \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_1)$ and $\textbf{X} \vert Y=0 \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_0)$ for convex sets $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_0 $ in $\mathbb{R}^d$. Then the classifier which minimizes the probability of incorrect prediction is given by $\phi_{B}$ in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Convex}).
\end{theorem}
Since $\mathcal{C}_1$ and $\mathcal{C}_0$ are generally unknown, we may consider a data-based version of the classifier above. Let $D_n=\{(\textbf{X}_1,Y_1),...,(\textbf{X}_n,Y_n)\}$ be a set of iid data, distributed as $(\textbf{X},Y)$, where $\textbf{X}_i \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and $Y_i \in \{0,1\}$ for $i=1,...,n$. Here, $\textbf{X}_i \vert Y_i=1 \sim$Unif$(\mathcal{C}_1)$ and $\textbf{X}_i \vert Y_i = 0\sim$Unif$(\mathcal{C}_0)$ for $i=1,...,n$. Next, let $N_{1} \sim \text{binomial}(n,p)$ and $N_{0} = (n - N_{1}) \sim \text{binomial}(n,1-p)$ be the number of class $1$ and class $0$ points respectively (i.e. $N_{k}$ is the number of $(\textbf{X}_{i}, Y_{i})$ pairs for which $Y_{i}=k$, $k=0,1$). Also, let $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1,N_{1}}:= \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1 $ denote the convex hull of the class $1$ points, i.e. $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1$ is the convex hull of those $\textbf{X}_{i}'$s for which $Y_{i} = 1$. Similarly, let $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0,N_{0}}:= \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0$ denote the convex hull of those $\textbf{X}_{i}'$s for which $Y_{i} = 0$. Consider the plug in version of the rule in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Convex}):
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Convex Sets Plug In}
\phi_{n}(\textbf{x})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1 - \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0\\
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0 - \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1\\
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1 \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0, \dfrac{\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1)} > \dfrac{1-\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0)}\\[15pt]
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1 \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0, \dfrac{\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1)} \leq \dfrac{1-\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0)}\\[15pt]
I\left\lbrace \widehat{p} \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1}\| \textbf{x}-\textbf{y}\| < (1-\widehat{p}) \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_0} \| \textbf{x}-\textbf{y}\| \right\rbrace\hspace{15pt}\text{ if } \hspace{5pt} \textbf{x} \not\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_1 \cup \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_0,
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
where $\widehat{p}=\frac{1}{n}\sum_{i=1}^{n}Y_{i}$.\\
\
How good is the classifier $\phi_{n}$ for predicting $Y$? To answer this question, let
\begin{equation*}
L_{n}(\phi_{n}) = P \{ \phi_{n}(\textbf{X}) \neq Y \vert D_{n} \} \hspace{15pt} \text{ and } \hspace{15pt} L(\phi_{B}) = P \{ \phi_{B} (\textbf{X}) \neq Y\}
\end{equation*}
be the misclassification probabilities of $\phi_{n}$ and $\phi_{B}$ respectively. The following theorem establishes the strong consistency of the plug in rule $\phi_{n}$.
\begin{theorem}
\label{Consistency}
Let $\phi_{n}$ be the classifier in equation (\ref{Bayes Convex Sets Plug In}). Then $L_{n}(\phi_{n}) \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow L(\phi_{B})$ as $n \to \infty$, where $\phi_{B}$ is the optimal rule in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Convex}).
\end{theorem}
A few lemmas will provide the tools that are necessary to prove Theorem \ref{Consistency}.
\begin{lemma}
\label{Beer's lemma}
Let $\{ \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \}, \mathcal{C}$ be as in Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}. Then
\begin{equation*}
\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C}) \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0
\end{equation*}
as $n \to \infty$, where $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C}$ denotes the symmetric difference of $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}$ and $\mathcal{C}$ and where $\mu(\cdot)$ denotes the Lebesgue measure.
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Lemma \ref{Beer's lemma}}\\
\
By Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}, $\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{N} \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow \mathcal{C}$ in the Hausdorff metric. Furthermore, a result of Beer (1974) implies that for each $\omega$ in the underlying sample space $\Omega$, if $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}(\omega) \to \mathcal{C}$ (in the Hausdorff metric), then $\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}(\omega) \Delta \mathcal{C}) \to 0$. Let $\omega \in \left\lbrace \omega \in \Omega \Big| \widehat{\mathcal{ C}}_{N}(\omega) \to \mathcal{C} \right\rbrace$. Then $$\omega \in \left\lbrace \omega \in \Omega \Big| \mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}(\omega) \Delta \mathcal{C}) \to 0 \right\rbrace. $$ The lemma now follows since $P\left\lbrace \omega \in \Omega \Big| \widehat{\mathcal{ C}}_{N}(\omega) \to \mathcal{C} \right\rbrace = 1. \hspace{15pt} \Box$
\begin{corollary}
\label{Corollary - Symmetric Difference}
Let $\{ \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \}, \mathcal{C}$ be as in Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}. Then
\begin{equation*}
P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C} \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0
\end{equation*}
as $n \to \infty$.
\end{corollary}
\textit{Proof of Corollary \ref{Corollary - Symmetric Difference}}
\begin{align}
\label{Corollary 1}
P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C} \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace &= P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C}, N > 0 \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace + P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C }}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C}, N=0 \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace \notag \\
& \leq I \{ N>0 \} P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{ \mathcal{C }}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C} \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace + I \{ N = 0 \}.
\end{align}
Since $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \subset \mathcal{C}$ for $N>0$ and since $\textbf{X}$ is uniformly distributed on $\mathcal{C}$, the inequality in (\ref{Corollary 1}) becomes
\begin{align*}
P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C} \Big| D_{n} \right\rbrace \leq I \{ N>0 \} \frac{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C})} {\mu(\mathcal{C})} + I \{ N = 0 \}.
\end{align*}
By Lemma \ref{Beer's lemma}, $\frac{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C})}{\mu(\mathcal{C})} \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0$ as $n \to \infty$. Finally, $I\{N=0\} \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0$ as $n \to \infty$ by Markov's inequality in conjunction with the Borel-Cantelli lemma. $\hspace{15pt} \Box$
\begin{lemma}
\label{Lemma - Symmetric Difference}
Let $\{ \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \}, \mathcal{C}$ be as in Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}. Then
\begin{equation*}
\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}) \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow \mu(\mathcal{C})
\end{equation*}
as $n \to \infty$.
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Lemma \ref{Lemma - Symmetric Difference}}\\
\begin{align*}
\Big| \mu(\mathcal{C}) - \mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}) \Big| &=
\Big| \mu(\mathcal{C}) - \mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}) \Big| I \{ N > 0 \} + \Big| \mu(\mathcal{C}) - \kappa_{0} \Big| I \{ N=0 \},
\end{align*}
where $\kappa_{0} = \mu(B(\textbf{0}, \delta))$ for some $ 0 < \delta < \infty$ (recall how we defined $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}$ for $N=0$; see the definition before the statement of Theorem \ref{Theorem - Hull to True convergence}). Therefore,
\begin{equation*}
\Big| \mu(\mathcal{C}) - \mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N}) \Big| \leq \left[ \mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{N} \Delta \mathcal{C}) + \Big| \mu(\mathcal{C}) - \kappa_{0} \Big| I \{ N=0 \} \right] \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0. \hspace{15pt} \Box
\end{equation*}
\vspace{15pt}
\textit{Proof of Theorem \ref{Consistency}}\\
\
In what follows, we will be using the well-known inequality
\begin{equation*}
L_{n}(\phi_n) - L(\phi_{B}) \leq E \left[ \Big| \eta(\textbf{X}) - \eta_{n}(\textbf{X}) \Big| \Bigg| D_n \right]
\end{equation*}
to bound the error difference $L_{n}(\phi_n) - L(\phi_{B})$ (see, for example, Devroye et al. (1996)). Here, $\eta(\textbf{X}) = E( Y \vert \textbf{X})$ is given by
\begin{equation*}
\eta(\textbf{X})= \dfrac{\dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} }{\dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{0}\}},\\[10pt]
\end{equation*}
whereas the sample-based approximation $\eta_{n}(\textbf{X}, D_{n})$ is
\begin{equation*}
\eta_{n}(\textbf{X},D_n):=\eta_{n}(\textbf{X})= \dfrac{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}\}}.\\[15pt]
\end{equation*}
First, note that \small
\begin{align}
\label{Eta - Eta n}
\Big| \eta(\textbf{X}) - \eta_{n}(\textbf{X}) \Big| &= \Bigg| \dfrac{\dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} } {\dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{0}\}} -\dfrac{\dfrac{\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0}\}} \Bigg| \notag \\[10pt]
& := \Bigg| \dfrac{A}{B + C} - \dfrac{A'}{B' + C'} \Bigg| \notag \\[10pt]
& = \Bigg| \dfrac{-A'/(B'+C')}{(B+C)}[(B'+C')-(B+C)] + \dfrac{A'-A} {(B+C)} \Bigg| \notag \\[10pt]
& \leq c_{0} \Big| A - A' \Big| + c_{1}\Big| C - C' \Big|,
\end{align}
\normalsize
where $c_{0}=2 \left[ \min \left\lbrace \frac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})}, \frac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \right\rbrace \right] ^{-1}$ and $c_{1}= \frac{1}{2}c_{0}$. Using a similar manipulation as above, we have
\begin{align*}
\vert A-A' \vert \leq \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{1} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} \Bigg| I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} - I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} \Bigg|.
\end{align*}
But since
\begin{align*}
\Big| I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} - I\{ \textbf{X} \in \mathcal{C}_{1}\} \Big| &= \Big| I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} - I\{ \textbf{X} \in [\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \cup ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})] \} \Big| = I\{ \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})\},
\end{align*}
\vspace{7pt}
we find
\begin{equation}
\label{Theorem - A - A'}
\vert A-A' \vert \leq \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{1} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})\}.
\end{equation}
\
Similarly, it can be shown that
\begin{equation}
\label{Theorem - C - C'}
\vert C-C' \vert \leq \Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{1}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})\}.
\end{equation}
Plugging the inequalities in (\ref{Theorem - A - A'}) and (\ref{Theorem - C - C'}) into (\ref{Eta - Eta n}) gives
\begin{align*}
\Big| \eta(\textbf{X}) - \eta_{n}(\textbf{X}) \Big| \leq &c_{0} \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{c_{0}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})\}\\[6pt]
&+ c_{1}\Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{c_{1}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})\} .
\end{align*}
Therefore, conditioning on $D_{n}$ and taking expectation, we have
\begin{align*}
E \left[ \Big| \eta(\textbf{X}) - \eta_{n}(\textbf{X}) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right] & \leq c_{0} \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{1})} - \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + c_{1} \Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| \\[10pt]
&+\dfrac{ c_{0}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}) \Bigg| D_{n} \right\rbrace + \dfrac{c_{1}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} P \left\lbrace \textbf{X} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}) \Bigg| D_{n} \right\rbrace\\[10pt]
&:= A_{1} + A_{2} + A_{3} + A_{4}.
\end{align*}
Lemma \ref{Lemma - Symmetric Difference}, in conjunction with the strong law of large numbers, implies that both $A_{1}$ and $A_{2}$ converge to $0$ almost surely as $n \to \infty$. Corollary \ref{Corollary - Symmetric Difference} establishes the same result for the terms $A_{3}$ and $A_{4}$, completing the proof. $\hspace{10pt} \Box$
\section{Classification with Missing Covariates}
We now consider the more difficult case where some of the covariates can be missing in both the data and observation to be classified. Let $\textbf{Z}=(\textbf{X}',\textbf{V}')' \in \mathbb{R}^{d+s}$ be the vector of covariates to be used to predict the class membership $Y\in \{0,1\}$, where $\textbf{X} \in \mathbb{R}^d, d\geq 1$ is always observable but $\textbf{V} \in \mathbb{R}^s, s \geq 1$ can be missing. Also, let $\delta$ be a $\{0,1\}-$valued random variable defined by $\delta=0$ if $\textbf{V}$ is missing and $\delta=1$ otherwise. \\
We will be assuming that $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=1, Y=1) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_{1})$ and $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=1, Y=0) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_{0})$ where $\mathcal{C}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{0}$ are convex subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{d+s}$. Similarly, let $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=0, Y=1) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1})$ and $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=0, Y=0) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0})$ where $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}$ are the projections of $\mathcal{C}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{0}$ on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$; that is $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} = $ proj$_{\mathbb{R}^d}(\mathcal{C}_{1})$ and $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0} = $ proj$_{\mathbb{R}^d}(\mathcal{C}_{0})$. Note that both $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}$ are convex subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{d}$ (see Rockafeller (1996)). \\
Now consider a new observation $(\textbf{Z},Y,\delta)$ that needs to be classified. Mojirsheibani and Montazeri (2007) show that the best classifier (in the sense of having the lowest misclassification error rate) is
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Rule - Missing}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{Z},\delta)= \delta \tilde{\phi}_1(\textbf{Z}) + (1-\delta)\tilde{\phi}_0(\textbf{X}),
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes missing Piece 1}
\tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{Z})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } p(\textbf{Z},1)P\{Y=1 \vert \textbf{Z}\} > p(\textbf{Z},0) P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{Z}\}\\
0 \text{ otherwise, }
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes missing Piece 2}
\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{X})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } (1-q(\textbf{X},1))P\{Y=1 \vert \textbf{X}\} > (1 -q(\textbf{X}, 0)) P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X}\}\\
0 \text{ otherwise, }
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
\vspace{10pt}
and where
\begin{equation*}
p(\textbf{Z},i)=P\{\delta=1 \vert \textbf{Z}, Y=i\} \hspace{15pt} \text{and} \hspace{15pt} q(\textbf{X},i)=P\{\delta=1 \vert \textbf{X}, Y=i\}, i=0,1.
\end{equation*}
The terms $p(\textbf{Z},i)$ and $q(\textbf{X},i)$ are often referred to as the
missingness probability mechanisms. For more recent results on classification
with missing covariates, one may also refer to Mojirsheibani (2012) and
Mojirsheibani and Chenouri (2011).\\
\
To get a more suitable form for the optimal classifier in (\ref{Bayes Rule - Missing}), use the arguments in the proof of Theorem 2 to rewrite $\tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{z})$ in expression (\ref{Bayes missing Piece 1}) as
\begin{align*}
\tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{z})&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, p(\textbf{z},1)P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{Z} = \textbf{z}\} > p(\textbf{z},0) P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{Z} = \textbf{z}\} \right\rbrace\\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}, p(\textbf{z}, 1)>0 \right\rbrace.
\end{align*}
An analogous argument yields
\begin{align*}
\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{x})&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}, (1-q(\textbf{x},1))P\{Y=1\vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} > (1-q(\textbf{x},0)) P\{Y=0 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}\} \right\rbrace\\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} - \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}, q(\textbf{x},1) < 1\right\rbrace.
\end{align*}
Next, let $P\{Y=1\}=p$ and $P\{Y=0\} = 1-p$, where $0 \leq p \leq 1.$ Also recall that $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta = 1, Y=1) \sim \text{Unif}(\mathcal{C}_{1})$ and $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta = 1, Y=0) \sim \text{Unif}(\mathcal{C}_{0})$. Using the definition in (\ref{Conditional 1}), we find
\begin{align}
\label{Bayes Final 1}
\tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{z})&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, p(\textbf{z},1) \dfrac{p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{1})}} > p(\textbf{z},0) \dfrac{1-p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{0})}} \right\rbrace \notag \\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0}, p(\textbf{z},1)>0 \right\rbrace.
\end{align}
A similar approach can be used to find $\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{X})$ in (\ref{Bayes missing Piece 2}):
\begin{align}
\label{Bayes Final 2}
\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{x})&= I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}, (1-q(\textbf{x},1)) \dfrac{p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1})}} > (1-q(\textbf{x},0)) \dfrac{1-p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0})}} \right\rbrace \notag \\
&+ I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} - \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}, q(\textbf{x},1) < 1\right\rbrace.
\end{align}
Combining the classifiers in (\ref{Bayes Final 1}) and (\ref{Bayes Final 2}) gives an expression for the optimal classifier, as expressed in the following theorem.
\begin{theorem}
Let $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=1, Y=1) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_{1})$ and $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=1, Y=0) \sim $ Unif $(\mathcal{C}_{0})$ where $\mathcal{C}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}_{0}$ are convex subsets of $\mathbb{R}^{d+s}$. Similarly, let $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=0, Y=1) \sim $ Unif $ (\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1})$ and $\textbf{Z} \vert (\delta=0, Y=0) \sim $ Unif $ (\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0})$ where $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} = $ proj$_{\mathbb{R}^d}(\mathcal{C}_{1})$ and $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0} = $ proj$_{\mathbb{R}^d}(\mathcal{C}_{0})$. Also, assume that
\begin{equation*}
\inf_{\textbf{z} \in \mathbb{R}^{d+s}} P \{ \delta = 1 \vert \textbf{Z} = \textbf{z}, Y=1\} > 0 \hspace{12pt} \text{and} \hspace{12pt} \sup_{\textbf{x} \in \mathbb{R}^{d}} P \{ \delta = 1 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}, Y=1\} < 1.
\end{equation*}
Then the optimal classifier is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Missing Convex}
\phi_{B}(\textbf{Z},\delta)=\delta \tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{z}) +(1-\delta)\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{x})\\[10pt]
\end{equation}
where
\begin{align*}
\tilde{\phi}_{1}(\textbf{z})= I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}_{0}, p(\textbf{z},1) \dfrac{p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{1})}} > p(\textbf{z},0) \dfrac{1-p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}_{0})}} \right\rbrace + I \left\lbrace \textbf{z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} - \mathcal{C}_{0} \right\rbrace
\end{align*}
and
\begin{align*}
\tilde{\phi}_{0}(\textbf{x})= I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} \cap \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}, (1-q(\textbf{x},1)) \dfrac{p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1})}} > (1-q(\textbf{x},0)) \dfrac{1-p}{\mu{(\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0})}} \right\rbrace + I \left\lbrace \textbf{x} \in \mathcal{C}^{'}_{1} - \mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}\right\rbrace.
\end{align*}
\end{theorem}
\vspace{10pt}
Since it is unrealistic to assume that the four convex sets and the functional forms of the missingness probability mechanisms $p(\textbf{z},y)$ and $q(\textbf{x},y)$ are known, we must proceed by finding a suitable plug-in version of the rule in (\ref{Bayes Missing Convex}). Let $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}$, $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}$, $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}$ and $\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}$ be the sample based counterparts of $\mathcal{C}_{1}$, $\mathcal{C}_{0}$, $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{1}$ and $\mathcal{C}^{'}_{0}$ respectively; that is, let
\begin{align*}
\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} &= \text{ convex hull of } \{(\textbf{X}_{i}, \textbf{V}_{i}) \vert \delta_{i}=1, Y_{i} =1 \}_{i=1}^{n},\\[5pt]
\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} &= \text{ convex hull of } \{(\textbf{X}_{i}, \textbf{V}_{i}) \vert \delta_{i}=1, Y_{i} =0 \}_{i=1}^{n},\\[5pt]
\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} &= \text{ convex hull of } \{\textbf{X}_{i} \vert \delta_{i}=0, Y_{i} =1 \}_{i=1}^{n},\\[5pt]
\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} &= \text{ convex hull of } \{\textbf{X}_{i} \vert \delta_{i}=0, Y_{i} =0 \}_{i=1}^{n}.
\end{align*}
We propose a data-based version of the classifier in (\ref{Bayes Missing Convex}) given by
\begin{equation}
\label{Naive Bayes Rule Data Version}
\phi_{n}(\textbf{Z},\delta)= \delta \phi_{n,1}(\textbf{Z}) + (1-\delta)\phi_{n,0}(\textbf{X})
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Convex Sets No Missing 2}
\phi_{n,1}(\textbf{z})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } \textbf{z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} - \widehat {\mathcal{C}}_{0}\\
0 \text{ if } \textbf{z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} - \widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{1}\\
1 \text{ if } \textbf{z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}, \hspace{5pt} \widehat{p}(\textbf{z},1) \dfrac{ \widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} > \widehat{p} (\textbf{z},0) \dfrac{1-\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C} }_{0})}\\[15pt]
0 \text{ if } \textbf{z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}, \hspace{5pt} \widehat{p}(\textbf{z},1) \dfrac{ \widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} \leq \widehat{p} (\textbf{z},0) \dfrac{1-\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C} }_{0})}\\[15pt]
I\left\lbrace \widehat{p} \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}}\| \textbf{z}-\textbf{y}\| < (1 - \widehat{p}) \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0}}\|\textbf{z}-\textbf{y}\| \right\rbrace \hspace{15pt} \text{ if } \hspace{5pt} \textbf{z} \not\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \cup \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0},
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\label{Bayes Convex Sets Missing Data 2}
\phi_{n,0}(\textbf{x})=
\begin{cases}
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} - \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\\
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} - \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\\
1 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}, \left( 1 - \widehat{q} (\textbf{x},1)\right) \dfrac{\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} > \left( 1-\widehat{q}(\textbf{x},0) \right)\dfrac{1-\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} )}\\[15pt]
0 \text{ if } \textbf{x} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} \cap \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}, \left( 1 - \widehat{q} (\textbf{x},1)\right) \dfrac{\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} \leq \left( 1-\widehat{q}(\textbf{x},0) \right)\dfrac{1-\widehat{p}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} )}\\[15pt]
I\left\lbrace \widehat{p} \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}} \| \textbf{x}-\textbf{y}\| < (1 - \widehat{p}) \cdot \inf\limits_{\textbf{y}\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}} \| \textbf{x}-\textbf{y}\| \right\rbrace \hspace{15pt} \text{ if } \hspace{5pt} \textbf{x} \not\in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'} \cup \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}.
\end{cases}
\end{equation}
Here, $\widehat{p}={n}^{-1}\sum_{i=1}^{n} Y_{i}$. As for the terms $\widehat{p}(\textbf{z},y)$ and $\widehat{q}( \textbf{x},y)$, we consider a method of estimation based on kernel regression.\\
\
Recall the forms of the missingness probability mechanisms $p_{y}(\textbf{z}) := p(\textbf{z},y)$ and $q_{y}(\textbf{x}) := q(\textbf{x},y)$:
\begin{align*}
p_{y}(\textbf{z}) &= P\{\delta = 1 \vert \textbf{Z} = \textbf{z}, Y=y\} =E(\delta \vert \textbf{Z}=\textbf{z},Y=y),\\[5pt]
q_{y}(\textbf{x}) &= P\{\delta = 1 \vert \textbf{X} = \textbf{x}, Y=y\} =E(\delta \vert \textbf{X}=\textbf{x},Y=y).
\end{align*}
Under the commonly used assumption of data missing at random (MAR), one assumes that the probability that $\textbf{V}$ is missing does not depend on $\textbf{V}$ itself. That is,
\begin{equation*}
p_{y}(\textbf{z}) = P\{\delta = 1 \vert \textbf{Z}=\textbf{z},Y=y\} = P\{\delta = 1 \vert \textbf{X}=\textbf{x},Y=y\}= q_{y}(\textbf{x}).
\end{equation*}
Under the MAR assumption, the kernel regression estimates of $q_{y}(\textbf{x})$, $y=0,1,$ are
\begin{equation}
\label{Kernel Regression under MAR}
\widehat{q}_{y}(\textbf{x}) = \sum_{j:Y_j=y} \delta_{j} K\left( \dfrac{\textbf{X}_j - \textbf{x}}{h_{n}} \right) \Big/ \sum_{j:Y_j=y} K\left( \dfrac{\textbf{X}_j - \textbf{x}}{h_{n}} \right),
\end{equation}
where $0/0$ is defined to be $0$. Here, the kernel $K$ is a map of the form $K:\mathbb{R}^{d} \to \mathbb{R}^{+}$ with smoothing parameter $h_{n}$ ($h_{n} \to 0$ as $n \to \infty$).\\
\
To evaluate the performance of the rule $\phi_{n}$ in (\ref{Naive Bayes Rule Data Version}), let
\begin{equation*}
L(\phi_{B}) = P \{ \phi_{B} (\textbf{Z},\delta) \neq Y\} \hspace{15pt} \text{ and } \hspace{15pt} L_{n}(\phi_{n}) = P \{ \phi_{n}(\textbf{Z}, \delta) \neq Y \vert D_{n} \}.
\end{equation*}
In what follows, we shall assume that the chosen kernel in (\ref{Kernel Regression under MAR}) is \textit{regular:} a nonnegative kernel $K$ is said to be regular if there are positive constants $b>0$ and $r>0$ for which $K(\textbf{x})\geq bI\{ \textbf{x}\in B(0,r)\}$ and $\int \sup_{\textbf{y}\in \textbf{x}+ B(0,r)}K(\textbf{y})d\textbf{x}<\infty,$ where $B(0,r)$ is the ball of radius $r$ centered at the origin (for more on this see, for example, Gy\"{o}rfi et al. (2002)).
\begin{theorem}
\label{Missing Consistency}
Let $\phi_{n}$ be the classifier in (\ref{Naive Bayes Rule Data Version}) where the kernel $K$ is regular and the bandwidth $h_{n}$ satisfies $h_{n} \to 0$ and $nh_{n}^{d} \to \infty$. Then $L_{n}(\phi_{n}) \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow L(\phi_{B})$ as $n \to \infty$, where $\phi_{B}$ is the optimal rule in (\ref{Bayes Missing Convex}).
\end{theorem}
To prove this result, we need the following lemma.
\begin{lemma}[Mojirsheibani and Montazeri (2007)]
\label{Lemma - Missing}
Let $\phi_{B}$ be the optimal rule given by (\ref{Bayes Missing Convex}). For $j=0,1$, let $f_{j}:\mathbb{R}^{d+s} \to [0,1]$ and $g_{j}: \mathbb{R}^{d} \to [0,1]$ be any given functions. Furthermore, let $\phi_{1}(\textbf{z})=I\{f_{1}(\textbf{z})>f_{0}(\textbf{z})\}$ and $\phi_{0}(\textbf{x})=I\{g_{1}(\textbf{x})>g_{0}(\textbf{x})\}$. Also, put
\begin{equation*}
\phi(\textbf{Z},Y)=\delta \phi_{1}(\textbf{Z}) + (1-\delta) \phi_{0} (\textbf{X}).
\end{equation*}
Then
\begin{align*}
L(\phi) - L(\phi_{B}) &\leq 2 \sum_{i=0}^{1} E \left[ \Big| p(\textbf{Z},i)P(Y=i \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{i}(\textbf{Z}) \Big| \right]\\
&+ 2 \sum_{i=0}^{1} E \left[ \Big| (1-q(\textbf{X},i))P(Y=i \vert \textbf{X}) - g_{i}(\textbf{X}) \Big| \right].
\end{align*}
\end{lemma}
\textit{Proof of Theorem \ref{Missing Consistency}}\\
\
We begin by introducing some notation. Let
\begin{equation*}
f_{1}(\textbf{Z})=\widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1) \dfrac{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}\}}, \\[5pt]
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
f_{0}(\textbf{Z})=\widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},0) \dfrac{\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}\}}, \\[5pt]
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
g_{1}(\textbf{X})=(1-\widehat{q}(\textbf{X},1)) \dfrac{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\}}, \\[5pt]
\end{equation*}
\begin{equation*}
g_{0}(\textbf{X})=(1-\widehat{q}(\textbf{X},0)) \dfrac{\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\} }{\dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\} +\dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'})} I\{ \textbf{X} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0} \hspace{.5pt}^{'}\}}.
\end{equation*}
\vspace{15pt}
A simple extension of Lemma \ref{Lemma - Missing} yields
\begin{align}
\label{Missing Bound}
L_{n}(\phi_{n}) - L(\phi_{B}) &\leq 2 \sum_{i=0}^{1} E \left[ \Big| p(\textbf{Z},i)P(Y=i \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{i}(\textbf{Z}) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right] \notag \\
&+ 2 \sum_{i=0}^{1} E \left[ \Big| (1-q(\textbf{X},i))P(Y=i \vert \textbf{X}) - g_{i}(\textbf{X}) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right].
\end{align}
To prove the theorem, we will show that
\begin{equation*}
E \left[ \Big| p(\textbf{Z},1)P(Y=1 \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{1} (\textbf{Z}) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right] \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0 \end{equation*}
as $n \to \infty$; the other terms in (\ref{Missing Bound}) can be dealt with analogously. Following the proof of Theorem \ref{Consistency}, we find
\begin{equation*}
\label{Big inequality}
\Big| p(\textbf{Z},1)P(Y=1 \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{1}(\textbf{Z})\Big| \leq c_{0} \left\lbrace \Big| B - B' \Big| + \Big| C - C' \Big| + \Big| D - D' \Big| \right\rbrace, \\[10pt]
\end{equation*}
where
\begin{equation*}
c_{0}= \left[ \min \left\lbrace \frac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})}, \frac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \right\rbrace \right] ^{-1}, \\[10pt]
\end{equation*}
and where $B, B', C,$ and $C'$ are defined as before, with $\textbf{Z}$ playing the role of $\textbf{X}$. Here, as before,
\begin{equation*}
\Big| B - B' \Big| \leq \Bigg| \frac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \frac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \frac{1} {\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{1})} I \{ \textbf{Z} \in (\mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})\}
\end{equation*}
and
\begin{equation*}
\Big| C-C' \Big| \leq \Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{1}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in (\mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})\}. \\[10pt]
\end{equation*}
As for the term $ \vert D - D' \vert$, it is easy (but tedious) to show that
\begin{align*}
\Big| D - D' \Big| &= \Bigg| \frac{p(\textbf{Z},1)}{ [\mu(\mathcal{ C}_{1}) / p \cdot I \{ \textbf{Z} \in \mathcal{C}_{1} \} ] } - \frac{\widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1)}{ [\mu( \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}) / \widehat{p} \cdot I \{ \textbf{Z} \in \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1} \} ] } \Bigg| \\[7pt]
& \leq \Bigg| \frac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \frac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \frac{1} {\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{1})} I \{ \textbf{Z} \in (\mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})\} + \frac{1}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Big| \widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1) - p(\textbf{Z},1) \Big|.
\end{align*}
It follows by (\ref{Big inequality}) that
\begin{align*}
\Big| p(\textbf{Z},1)P(Y=1 \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{1}(\textbf{Z})\Big| \leq &2c_{0} \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} - \dfrac{p}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{2c_{0}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{1})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})\}\\[6pt]
&+ c_{0}\Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| + \dfrac{c_{0}} {\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} I\{ \textbf{Z} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0})\}\\[6pt]
& + \frac{c_{0}}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Big| \widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1) - p(\textbf{Z},1) \Big|.
\end{align*}
Therefore, conditioning on $D_{n}$ and taking expectation, we have
\begin{align*}
E \left[ \Big| p(\textbf{Z},1)P(Y=1 \vert \textbf{Z}) - f_{1} (\textbf{Z})\Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right] & \leq 2c_{0} \Bigg| \dfrac{\widehat{p}}{\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{1})} - \dfrac{p} {\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} \Bigg| + c_{0} \Bigg| \dfrac{(1-\widehat{p})} {\mu(\widehat{ \mathcal{C}}_{0})} - \dfrac{(1-p)}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{0})} \Bigg| \\[10pt]
&+\dfrac{ 2c_{0}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1})} P \left\lbrace \textbf{Z} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{1} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{1}) \Bigg| D_{n} \right\rbrace\\[10pt]
&+ \dfrac{c_{0}}{\mu(\widehat{\mathcal{C} }_{0})} P \left\lbrace \textbf{Z} \in ( \mathcal{C}_{0} \Delta \widehat{\mathcal{C}}_{0}) \Bigg| D_{n} \right\rbrace\\[10pt]
& + \frac{c_{0}}{\mu(\mathcal{C}_{1})} E \left[ \Big| \widehat{p} (\textbf{Z},1) - p(\textbf{Z},1) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right].
\end{align*}
The strong consistency of the kernel regression estimate $\widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1)$ implies that
\begin{equation*}
E \left[ \Big| \widehat{p}(\textbf{Z},1) - p(\textbf{Z},1) \Big| \Bigg| D_{n} \right] \overset{a.s.} \longrightarrow 0
\end{equation*}
as $n \to \infty$ (for more on the properties of kernel regression estimates, see, for example, Gy\"{o}rfi et al. (2002)); the remaining terms were dealt with in the proof of Theorem \ref{Consistency}. \hspace{15pt} $\Box$
\vspace{25pt}
\textbf{Acknowledgment}\\
\
This research was supported by a grant to L. Demirdjian from the Interdisciplinary Research Institute of the Sciences at California State University Northridge.
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Break out your hiking boots and get on the trail! This hiking shirt is Made in America using 100% organic ring spun cotton. It is also ecologically garment dyed and printed - we never use plastisols, phylates or other harsh chemicals in the manufacturing our organic t-shirts. | {
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Sports Houses – named after the first three families to enrol at Birkdale State School.
All children from Prep to grade six are assigned a sports house. Siblings are kept in the same house. The two main sports events where children compete in the house colours are the Athletics and Swimming carnivals.
Students in grades 4, 5 and 6 participate in an interschool sporting competition in terms 2 and 4. This is a four week competition held on a Friday afternoon.
We also compete in a sporting competition, the Osprey Cup, which is organised by our main feeder high school. This is a whole day event held each term. Sports will vary – softball/tee ball; basketball; soccer; touch football.
Swimming lessons for grade 1-6 students are conducted in PE lessons in Terms 1 and 4.
Parent helpers assist with the management of this program.
Swimming training occurs before school (first 3 weeks of term 1) for students selected to compete in the District swim carnival and for 3 weeks in term 4 in preparation for our senior swimming carnival.
Senior students are selected to represent their sports house from results achieved in their PE lessons in the second term. The athletics carnival is held over three days: 1. High jump 2. 200m heats, long jump, shot put 3. Main Carnival day: March Past, 800m, 100m, 200m, ballgames and relays.
A team is selected to represent the school to compete at the District carnival. Training is held before school and during lunch hours in preparation for this event.
Junior Carnival: P-2 Sports Day – conducted on the Tuesday between Ekka holidays.
The children compete in sprints, relays and rotational activities. It is also an opportunity for parents to get involved with a sprint event being a popular event on the day. Senior students are used to supervise the rotational activities in the middle session.
All children are encouraged to participate in our training program which is held in Term 1 in preparation for the district cross country trials. Our fitness program is held on Agnes Street oval before school three mornings a week and students in grades 3-6 are invited to attend. Some students will attend these sessions hoping to gain selection in the school cross country team, while others use it purely as a fitness activity.
Our before school training program is open to students in grades 3-6. This program is dictated by the sports being conducted at District level. Training is held on Agnes Street oval from 7:50 – 8.35am on Monday, Tuesday and Thursday mornings.
Term 4: Fitness and swimming.
Children are encouraged to attend trials in order to gain selection at the Bayside District level.
School sport representation at a primary school level is open to students aged 10-12yr. The age of students is determined by their year of birth – in 2016 students born in 2006 will compete in the 10yr division.
Birkdale sends teams to the swimming, cross country and track and field carnivals and will select students to attend all individual sports trials such as netball, football etc.
Students selected in the Bayside District team will compete at the Metropolitan East trials.
Teachers and parents are involved with the training of the students to offer a program that promotes a healthy and active lifestyle, while also offering the opportunity to represent at a higher sporting level. | {
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Published 04/23/2019 05:05:13 am at 04/23/2019 05:05:13 am in Cloth Tape Home Depot.
cloth tape home depot gorilla tape home depot gorilla mounting tape home depot gorilla tape home depot gorilla mounting tape home depot.
soft tape measure body measuring ruler inch sewing tailor tape soft , gaffers tape home depot black cloth tape home depot premium matte gaffers tape home depot m board tape home depot gaffers tape home depot canada , blinds cloth tape venetian blinds accent blinds dkrs group project guide sponging on at the home depot, fire resistant joint tape the home depot perfect finish in x ft selfadhesive, sealing tape home depot small house interior design is duct tape waterproof clear waterproof printable poly compression seal tape home depot thread seal tape, vinyl repair tape home depot vinyl tape home depot red gaffer vinyl repair tape home depot vinyl repair tape home depot pictures , pink tape paint tools supplies the home depot seasonal sweets duct tape pack, the home depot apps on google play , soft measuring tape get quotations a sewing ruler metre centimeter soft , frog tape hitecphp frog tape frog tape frog tape home depot canada, kapton heat resistant amp high temperature tapes amazoncom . | {
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Q: pandas dataframe object to datetime minutes I have a csv of Belmont Stakes which is like below
Year Winner Sire Time
2016 Creator Tapit 2:28.51
2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 2:26.65
2014 Tonalist Tapit 2:28.52
2013 Palace Curlin 2:30.70
'Time' column is in object format. I want to import my csv in a way, so that it can be seen like below -
Year Winner Sire Time(mins)
2016 Creator Tapit 148.51
2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 146.65
2014 Tonalist Tapit 148.52
2013 Palace Curlin 150.70
More precisely, I want my Time columns into minutes. I dont want to transfrom columns after import. I want to transform my data while importing.
A: You can use the vectorised str methods to split the string and then convert each component to minutes units:
In [108]:
df['Time(mins)'] = df['Time'].str.split(':').str[0].astype(float) * 60 \
+ df['Time'].str.split(':').str[1].str.split('.').str[0].astype(float) \
+ df['Time'].str.split('.').str[-1].astype(float)/100
df
Out[108]:
Year Winner Sire Time Time(mins)
0 2016 Creator Tapit 2:28.51 148.51
1 2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 2:26.65 146.65
2 2014 Tonalist Tapit 2:28.52 148.52
3 2013 Palace Curlin 2:30.70 150.70
Thanks to the master @Jeff for suggesting using to_timedelta to parse this if you reformat the strings to HH:MM:SS first:
In [115]:
df['timedelta'] = pd.to_timedelta('00:0'+ df['Time'], unit='m')
df
Out[115]:
Year Winner Sire Time Time(mins) timedelta
0 2016 Creator Tapit 2:28.51 148.51 00:02:28.510000
1 2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 2:26.65 146.65 00:02:26.650000
2 2014 Tonalist Tapit 2:28.52 148.52 00:02:28.520000
3 2013 Palace Curlin 2:30.70 150.70 00:02:30.700000
This will give you a timedelta dtype which is more useful than just a string IMO as arithmetic operations will work:
In [116]:
df.info()
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 4 entries, 0 to 3
Data columns (total 6 columns):
Year 4 non-null int64
Winner 4 non-null object
Sire 4 non-null object
Time 4 non-null object
Time(mins) 4 non-null float64
timedelta 4 non-null timedelta64[ns]
dtypes: float64(1), int64(1), object(3), timedelta64[ns](1)
memory usage: 272.0+ bytes
If you want to do the conversion on reading then you can define a custom func and pass this arg to read_csv:
In [131]:
import io
import pandas as pd
t="""Year Winner Sire Time
2016 Creator Tapit 2:28.51
2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 2:26.65
2014 Tonalist Tapit 2:28.52
2013 Palace Curlin 2:30.70"""
def func(x):
return float(x.split(':')[0]) * 60 + float(x.split(':')[1].split('.')[0]) + float(x.split('.')[-1])/100
df = pd.read_csv(io.StringIO(t), delim_whitespace=True, converters={'Time':func})
df
Out[131]:
Year Winner Sire Time
0 2016 Creator Tapit 148.51
1 2015 Pharoah Pioneerof 146.65
2 2014 Tonalist Tapit 148.52
3 2013 Palace Curlin 150.70
A: I'm not sure but this might work:
df.Time = df.Time.astype(str).apply(lambda x: x.split(':'))
df.Time = df.Time.apply(lambda x: int(x[0]) * 60 + float(x[1]))
A: You can transform time using apply method:
import pandas as pd
df = pd.DataFrame({"Year":[2016,2017],
"Time":["2:28.51", "2:26.65"],
"Winner":["Creator","Tapit"]})
def format_time(s):
s = s.replace(".",":")
s = s.split(":")
s = map(float, s)
return round(s[0]*60.+s[1]+s[2]/60., 2)
df["Time"] = df["Time"].apply(format_time)
| {
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Community Science Fellowship
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Evaluating Water Quality and Flood Risk
Kennedale, Texas
Image courtesy of Francios De Kook with Halff and Associates, Dallas, Texas
Project Title: Evaluating Water Quality and Flood Risk
Location: Kennedale, Texas
The Team:
Alex Sun, Research Scientist, Bureau of Economic Geology, University of Texas at Austin
Dennis Brown, Inspector, City of Kennedale
Rachel Roberts, Community Development Director, City of Kennedale
Bob Hart, City Manager, City of Kennedale
The Initial Challenge:
This project was launched to provide inputs on the city's decision-making regarding water quality in Village Creek. The City of Kennedale sought a scientist to serve as an advisor during review and assessment of implementation and remediation plans for Village Creek and the surrounding area.
This collaboration consisted of remote and in-person meetings, primarily focused on third-party review of reports from the University of Texas at Arlington and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
The Kennedale-TX project was plagued by extended delays in the reference reports, most notably the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Section 205 Flood Control Study. However, the team continued to touch base through the duration of the project to reflect on the status of the city's efforts, and discuss actions undertaken by the City in parallel (e.g. Implementation of a FEMA buy-out grant to bring adjacent land back under city ownership, and consultation with attorneys to determine strategies for moving forward.)
Following release of the final reports, Alex Sun wrote a memorandum to the city with his technical assessment of the USACE report and recommendations for next steps. Alex found that some of the assumptions and data used for developing the base model used in the flooding analysis and modeling appeared to be weak or outdated, and resulted in opposing conclusions from a previous study conducted by a private engineering firm. He recommended that the City hire a hydrological modelling consultant to examine the flooding model more carefully.
Notably, during the period while the project team was waiting on release of the USACE report, a new city council was elected with different priorities from those who served during the initiation of this work. As a result, the remediation of the Village Creek Watershed has become a less immediate priority for the community. While action may be delayed, the city is committed to moving forward on this work. When the city is prepared to move forward with remediation of Village Creek, the City can rely on Alex's analysis and insights as a source of contextualized, community-focused inputs to their technical questions and hit the ground running.
Kennedale is a city of close to 8,000 residents in the southern Fort Worth-Dallas metropolitan region of Texas. Village Creek is a stream that runs through the community, flowing into Lake Arlington – a water supply source for nearly 500,000 residents in the region. Currently, the stream does not meet state and federal standards for water quality due to E. coli. Additional heavy metal contamination is suspected to derive from a variety of sources, including nearby septic tanks and six large auto salvage yards that reside in a floodplain within Kennedale that leads to Lake Arlington.
At this time, there are efforts underway to better assess the problem and how dramatically this pollution may be affecting the lake, an important water resource for the wider community. Kennedale has engaged the engineering department at the University of Texas at Arlington to conduct a sediment and water quality study to determine baseline conditions. The city is also participating with Fort Worth, Arlington and the Trinity River Authority (TRA) to study the existing conditions of the Lake Arlington watershed under an EPA 319 funded study through the guidance of the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ). Lastly, the city is working with the US Army Corps of Engineers on a Section 205 Flood Control study of the affected areas – with a final report due in May of this year.
Alex Sun will serve as an advising partner to the city as they develop implementation and remediation plans for Village Creek.
Within one to two months following the release of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers flood control report, the project team will work together to develop recommendations on prioritizing next steps. Ensuing measures may include anything from testing soil quality to identify the extent of environmental degradation, further flood modeling given potential changes to infill development, to assessing the difficulty of identifying the source of contaminants in the area.
TEX Partner, ICMA, highlights science impact in three ICMA communities
In their May 2017 of PM Magazine, TEX partner, the International City and County Management Association (ICMA), highlighted stories from three ICMA communities collaborating with TEX scientists. Bob Hart, formerly of Kennedale, TX (now with Corinth, TX), Laura Allen (Berlin, MD), and Becky Merrow (Colebrook, NH) describe how their scientific partners are helping their towns address critical community priorities. Click here to read the full article.
All updates for this project
Rachel Roberts received her master's degree in city and regional planning from University of Texas at Arlington in 2008. She has worked for the City of Kennedale since 2009 and is now the community Development Director, overseeing all planning work and the permits and code enforcement staff. She is the staff liaison for the Planning & Zoning Commission and the Board of Adjustment. She is a member of the American Institute of Certified Planners and has received Congress of New Urbanism accreditation.
Bob Hart served as City Manager for the City of Kennedale from 2007-2017. He has served as City Manager in five other Texas cities and is an adjunct faculty member in the Master of Public Administration program at the University of Texas at Arlington. Bob also served as President of the Innovation Groups, leading the organization to its transformation to the Alliance for Innovation (AFI), a nonprofit association dedicated to local government capacity building, organizational culture development, technology maximization, and networking. Today, Bob is the City Manager for Corrinth, Texas, but he continues to support and engage with the project team when possible.
Alexander Sun is a Research Scientists for the Bureau of Economic Geology and The University of Texas at Austin. In his current position he develops theoretical and analytical tools for predicting CO2 leakage into groundwater aquifers; conducting performance assessment of a proposed low-level radioactive waste repository in Texas. His research interests include sustainable water resources management, decision support systems, and contaminant source identification.
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(c) 2020 Thriving Earth Exchange
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The Actual to Projected Future Actual Test: When Does EPA Get to Review Generators' Projections?
On Thursday, in United States v. DTE Energy Company, the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals revived EPA's enforcement action against DTE energy for alleged NSR violations at DTE's Monroe Power Plant. As the dissent notes, it may be a hollow victory.
The facts trace a familiar NSR enforcement case trajectory. In 2010, DTE commenced a $65 million maintenance project at Monroe, involving tubing, the economizer, and reheater piping, among other elements of plant equipment. Under EPA's NSR regulations, DTE had determined, once demand growth was excluded, that there was "no reasonable possibility that the project will result in a significant emissions increase." Thus, the project could proceed without preconstruction review under NSR.
Two months after construction started, EPA learned of the project. It disagreed with DTE's projections and brought enforcement action. The District Court dismissed, ruling that EPA could not second-guess a facility owner's projections. A divided 6th Circuit disagreed. To the Court, the case wasn't that complicated. DTE acknowledged that, if it had failed to provide projections at all, then it would be subject to enforcement action. The Court asked why, if the absence of projection was subject to enforcement, development of a flawed projection would not also be subject to enforcement.
EPA's enforcement powers must also extend to ensuring that operators follow the requirements in making those projections. EPA must be able to prevent construction if an operator, for example, uses an improper baseline period or uses the wrong number to determine whether a projected emissions increase is significant.
I don't actually see this case as seriously jeopardizing facility operators. They still get to make the projections. In a case such as this one, they have no obligation to obtain regulatory approval of the projection prior to construction. They may also demonstrate, following construction, that one year of actual data confirms the absence of a significant increase. In fact, in DTE Energy, the record apparently contained data demonstrating that there was not an increase in actual emissions. This led the dissent to wonder what the point of the remand would be. To me, it merely indicates that the decision was a probably correct advisory opinion that might not have any actual impact in the case of the Monroe plant. | {
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Silver Screen Loungerie offers vintage lingerie items of the highest quality. While we occasionally find a "new/old stock" piece, like this one, most of our items have been gently worn by just one previous owner. By definition, "vintage" means "old", and we take great care in restoring these pieces, as much as possible, to their original beauty.
This fancy nightgown is a recent addition to Richard's fabulous collection in the New Jersey 'HQ' of Silver Screen Loungerie! The gown is listed here in both the Bridal Trousseau and Richard's Collection categories.
This Irresistible Satin nightgown is made from a special blend of the silk and rayon fibers. Silk – for that wonderful luster, and rayon for added strength. There is only the fabric tag - no maker's label. The gown has never-before been worn or laundered, and the fabric still retains its original crispness. When laundered for the first time, this "crispness" will become the softness that we all expect from the best 100% silks!
The gown features a bodice that is trimmed with silk chiffon and lace, and has a perky velvet bow in the front V neckline. There is tight and precise smocking under the breasts – to accomodate up to a 'D' cup. A 3-1/2 inches-wide chiffon flounce appears at the hem.
This beautiful nightgown is as ready to wear as the 1940s day when it was made! The gown is perfect for a Goddess – YOU – the Irresistible Goddess of your own Life! | {
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How to Hem Without Sewing This post may contain affiliate links. Measure the new hem making sure to get both pant legs the same length. Preheat iron to medium heat with the steam off. Press new hem into the pants. Place the Heat-n-Bond inside the new folded hem. Make sure to place down into the crease. Place and hold iron on the fabric for 3 seconds. Repeat along the whole edge of the hem... To achieve a more professional-looking hem without professional equipment, turn up the hem and sew with a double needle (also called a twin needle) from the right side of the fabric. The bobbin thread will zigzag between the parallel stitches, resulting in a stretchier hem.
How To Create No-Sew, Faux Hem Curtains *Do you want to know how to create a no-sew, faux hem on curtains? With only 3 items, this step-by-step shows you how to create a faux hem without a sewing �... Be sure to use the correct needle when sewing this hem. Using a heavy needle with lightweight fabric and sewing close to the edge like this is a recipe for disaster. A heavy needle will push the fabric into the machine and cause it to be �eaten�. Believe me, I know.
Slip the folded cuff inside the pant leg and fold the original hem down. Iron the cuff and hem flat. If needed, tack the folded cuff on the inside of the jean leg to prevent it from dropping down.... When you use hem tape, you want to make sure that you get the correct type for your curtain material. Some curtains are heavier so you might need stronger strength tape. Some curtains are lighter, so you�ll want a smaller, lighter hem tape that doesn�t create a dark line when melted. You can purchase hem tape in different strengths, styles, and colors.
Don�t worry if you can�t sew, this method is perfect for those just starting out with the thread and needle. Affiliate links are used in this article. For the Full disclosure policy read here .... 10/11/2017�� In this Article: Sewing a Double Fold Hem Sewing a Blind Hem Community Q&A References. Unless you have an unlimited clothing budget that allows you to discard clothing as soon as it needs mending, at some point you may need to repair or hem an article of clothing.
Be sure to use the correct needle when sewing this hem. Using a heavy needle with lightweight fabric and sewing close to the edge like this is a recipe for disaster. A heavy needle will push the fabric into the machine and cause it to be �eaten�. Believe me, I know.
Slip the folded cuff inside the pant leg and fold the original hem down. Iron the cuff and hem flat. If needed, tack the folded cuff on the inside of the jean leg to prevent it from dropping down.
If you are using very delicate fabric, be sure to use a sewing needle and proper thread that will work well with the fabric without tearing it or jamming it inside the machine. If you sew a rolled hem by hand, keep your stitches small and near the edge of the curve in the fabric.
Don�t worry if you can�t sew, this method is perfect for those just starting out with the thread and needle. Affiliate links are used in this article. For the Full disclosure policy read here . | {
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Shipbuilding›
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Greece 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Greece from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
This statistic shows the revenue of the industry »building of ships and boats« in Greece by segment from 2011 to 2013, with a forecast to 2023. It is projected that the revenue of building of ships and boats in Greece will amount to approximately 22,2 million U.S. Dollars by 2023.
building of ships and floating structures
building of pleasure and sporting boats
The industry classification is based on the NACE Rev.2 - system in Greece. The industry "building of ships and boats" has the code "C301".
Number of merchant ships by type 2018
Number of pirate attacks worldwide 2009-2018
Largest shipbuilding nations based on gross tonnage 2017
Largest container ports worldwide - by volume of cargo handled 2017
Statistics on "Ocean shipping"
Merchant fleet - number of ships
Merchant fleet - capacity
Ship operators
Largest shipbuilding nations in 2017, based on completions in gross tonnage (in 1,000s)Largest shipbuilding nations based on gross tonnage 2017
Leading container shipping companies worldwide based on number of ships as of June 25, 2019Container shipping companies worldwide - number of ships 2019
Number of ship losses worldwide in 2018, by vessel typeShip losses by vessel type - worldwide 2018
Global shipbuilding order book as of July 1, 2017, by vessel type (units)Global merchant fleet - breakdown of orders by vessel type 2017
Number of ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2018, by typeNumber of merchant ships by type 2018
Number of vessels in fleets worldwide as of December 2017, by major country Merchant ships worldwide by merchant flag 2017
Number of passenger ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2017, by ship typeWorld's merchant fleet - number of passenger ships 2017
Projected worldwide number of containerships from 2016 to 2020Global number of containerships - forecast 2016-2020
Capacity of the world merchant fleet as of January 2017, by ship type (in million dwt)Global merchant fleet - capacity 2017
Capacity of container ships in seaborne trade from 1980 to 2018 (in million dwt)*Seaborne trade - capacity of container ships 2018
Capacity of general cargo vessels in seaborne trade from 1980 to 2018 (in million dwt)*Global seaborne trade - capacity of general cargo vessels 1980-2018
Ranking of the countries with the highest quality of seaport service infrastructure in 2017Countries with highest quality of seaport service infrastructure 2018
The largest container ports worldwide in 2017, based on throughput (in million TEUs)Largest container ports worldwide - by volume of cargo handled 2017
Leading ports in the United States in 2016, by tonnage (in million short tons)U.S. ports by tonnage - leading ports 2016
The world's leading ocean freight forwarders in 2018, based on ocean freight TEUs (in 1,000s)Logistics - leading ocean freight forwarders worldwide 2018
Leading ship operator's share of the world liner fleet as of June 25, 2019Leading container ship operators - share of world liner fleet 2019
The world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019, based on chartered TEUsLeading container ship operators - chartered TEUs in 2019
The world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019, based on TEU capacity of own shipsLeading container ship operators based on TEU capacity of own ships 2019
Orderbook TEUs of the world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019Container ship operators based on TEU capacity of ships in order book 2019
Number of chartered ships of the world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019Leading container ship operators - number of chartered ships in 2019
The world's leading container ship operators worldwide as of June 25, 2019, based on number of own shipsLeading container ship operators worldwide: number of own ships 2019
Number of ships in the world's leading container ship operators' order books as of June 25, 2019Leading container ship operators - number of orderbook ships 2019
Number of pirate attacks against ships worldwide from 2009 to 2018Number of pirate attacks worldwide 2009-2018
Number of pirate attacks on ships in 2018, by ship typePirate attacks - ship types 2018
Pirate attacks on ships worldwide in 2018, by nationality of the shipping companyMaritime crime: pirate attacks by nationality of shipper 2018
Worldwide number of pirate attacks on ships in 2018, by monthPirate attacks on ships - by month 2018
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Slovenia 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Slovakia 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in the Netherlands 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Austria 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Norway 2011-2023
Building of ships and boats revenue in Belgium 2010-2022
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Ireland 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Finland 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Denmark 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Switzerland 2011-2023
Building of ships and boats revenue in Turkey 2013-2022
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Romania 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Czechia 2011-2023
Building of ships and boats revenue in Cyprus 2010-2022
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Hungary 2011-2023
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Sweden 2011-2023
Industry revenue of "operation of historical sites and buildings" in Germany 2011-2023
Industry revenue of "building inspection services" in the U.S. 2011-2023
Prefabricated metal building and components revenue in the U.S. 2012-2022
Ship export value South Korea 2012-2017
Shipbuilding Industry
Pirate Attacks
Philly Shipyard
Shipbuilding and maritime activities in Turkey
South Korea: Samsung Heavy Industries annual report 2017
South Korea: Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering IR presentation 2018
Huntington Ingalls Industries, Inc.'s 2018 Annual Report on Form 10-K
China Shipbuilding Industry Company Annual Report 2017
Hyundai Heavy Industries 2013 Annual Report
Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering 2013 Annual Report
Largest shipbuilding nations in 2017, based on completions in gross tonnage (in 1,000s)
Leading container shipping companies worldwide based on number of ships as of June 25, 2019
Number of ship losses worldwide in 2018, by vessel type
Global shipbuilding order book as of July 1, 2017, by vessel type (units)
Number of ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2018, by type
Number of vessels in fleets worldwide as of December 2017, by major country
Number of passenger ships in the world merchant fleet as of January 1, 2017, by ship type
Projected worldwide number of containerships from 2016 to 2020
Capacity of the world merchant fleet as of January 2017, by ship type (in million dwt)
Capacity of container ships in seaborne trade from 1980 to 2018 (in million dwt)*
Capacity of general cargo vessels in seaborne trade from 1980 to 2018 (in million dwt)*
Ranking of the countries with the highest quality of seaport service infrastructure in 2017
The largest container ports worldwide in 2017, based on throughput (in million TEUs)
Leading ports in the United States in 2016, by tonnage (in million short tons)
The world's leading ocean freight forwarders in 2018, based on ocean freight TEUs (in 1,000s)
Leading ship operator's share of the world liner fleet as of June 25, 2019
The world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019, based on chartered TEUs
The world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019, based on TEU capacity of own ships
Orderbook TEUs of the world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019
Number of chartered ships of the world's leading container ship operators as of June 25, 2019
The world's leading container ship operators worldwide as of June 25, 2019, based on number of own ships
Number of ships in the world's leading container ship operators' order books as of June 25, 2019
Number of pirate attacks against ships worldwide from 2009 to 2018
Number of pirate attacks on ships in 2018, by ship type
Pirate attacks on ships worldwide in 2018, by nationality of the shipping company
Worldwide number of pirate attacks on ships in 2018, by month
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Slovenia from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Slovakia from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in the Netherlands from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Austria from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Norway from 2011 to 2023 (in billion U.S. Dollars)
Building of ships and boats revenue in Belgium from 2010 to 2022 (in million U.S. dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Ireland from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Finland from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Denmark from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Switzerland from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Building of ships and boats revenue in Turkey from 2013 to 2022 (in million U.S. dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Romania from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Czechia from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Building of ships and boats revenue in Cyprus from 2010 to 2022 (in million U.S. dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Hungary from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of »building of ships and boats« in Sweden from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of "operation of historical sites and buildings" in Germany from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Industry revenue of "building inspection services" in the U.S. from 2011 to 2023 (in million U.S. Dollars)
Prefabricated metal building and components revenue in the U.S. 2012-2022 (in million U.S. dollars)
Value of ships exported from South Korea from 2012 to 2017 (in billion U.S. dollars) | {
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David A. Downs (1946- ) Papers
Identifier: 20/69
Northwestern University Archives
The David Downs papers are arranged in thirty-nine boxes and span the years from1946 to 2003. They are organized into five main subseries: biographical materials, correspondence, Northwestern University, publications and professional work, and oversize materials.
Biographical materials fill more than one box and are arranged alphabetically by topical headings. These materials feature some of the earliest mementos of Downs's life, including his baby book and primary school report cards. Memorabilia from his high school and college years dominates this section, but evidence of later life, such as vita, clippings, and genealogical records are also present.
Correspondence fills approximately twenty boxes and is arranged chronologically. Some files of correspondence, largely family related, are topically arranged and may be found at the end of this subseries. Letters Downs received from his acting mentor Alvina Krause are available in Northwestern University Archives Series 20/67, the papers of Alvina Krause.
Downs's correspondence files are substantial and give many insights into the personality of their recipient. Letters dating from the early 1970s between Downs and his friends from the Bloomsburg Theatre Ensemble contain much discussion of Krause and her teaching methods.
Downs's close relationships with his own students resulted in many genuine friendships. These are reflected here. Notable correspondents include David Schwimmer (of the sitcom Friends) (September 2, 1994; Box 15, Folder 4); Kim Williams (of the film Father of the Bride) throughout the 1990's; Zach Braff (of the sitcom Scrubs and the film Garden State) (Christmas of 1998 and 1999; Box 18); Greg Berlanti (writer of Dawson's Creek and Everwood) throughout the 1990's; Stephen Colbert (of the Daily Show and The Colbert Report) (September 10, 1988; Box 10, Folder 6); and John Logan (writer of films Any Given Sunday, Gladiator, and The Aviator) throughout the 1990's. Downs also maintained correspondence with entertainment notables who did not study under him at Northwestern, for example, David Zucker of Warner Brothers Studios.
Also found in the correspondence are many letters of praise and thanks for Downs's teaching. One such letter came from a student's parent and expresses a deep gratitude July 12, 1991; Box 12, Folder 6). Similar items pepper the correspondence.
Letters from Downs to his mother reveal some of his thoughts about Alvina Krause and his hopefulness about appointment to the Northwestern faculty. Most importantly, they provide insight into his daily life during the period that he developed approaches to both acting and teaching.
Files concerning Downs's Northwestern University involvement fill approximately eleven boxes. Teaching and directing files occupy the bulk of this subseries: Downs maintained extensive notes on his endeavors in both areas. A smaller volume of files relate to his university and Theatre Department activities. Teaching files include syllabi and administrative materials on the undergraduate courses B43, C07, C41, C49 as well as on graduate courses in acting.
Following these files on specific courses are folders containing Downs's class notes for each year. These are arranged chronologically, and there is a folder for every year he taught at Northwestern. Class notes typically feature Downs's commentaries on acting exercises as well as critiques of student work. Completing the teaching files are several folders of general administrative materials. Of particular significance is a senior thesis written by Jon Schumacher (Box 27, Folder 10) on the methodology of Downs's teaching. Schumacher discussed Down's teaching style in relation to other Northwestern faculty. Files in the directing category are arranged alphabetically by title of production. These files often hold plans for sets, costume designs, or dramaturgical notes. They always contain Downs's handwritten notes on the production's goals and progress toward meeting those goals. Down's departmental and university activities are reflected in a number of files relating to service on the Committee for the Writing Arts in 1996 and membership in the Gay and Lesbian University Union (a group to gain benefits for partners of University employees) from 1993 to 1997. Other notable files found here concern Downs's teaching awards. These include recommendations from former students, such as David Schwimmer, Greg Berlanti, John Logan, and others.
Files relating to publications and professional work fill approximately two boxes. The first folders contain Downs's work or pertinent reviews and related items. Included here is a copy of The Actor's Eye with annotations by friends. Also included are drafts of David's articles, "Creating a Doll's House from Life," "Alvina Krause: A Great Teacher of Acting" and "Directing Sophocles' Electra." Following are folders containing programs and clippings concerning the work of former students. Finally, there are folders on Down's acting and the directing he did outside of Northwestern University. These folders contain notes, programs, and reviews of shows at local theaters as well as a folder of mementos from his work at the Warner Brothers Studios.
Oversize materials include posters from theatrical productions, a set design, and a costume design as well as five scrapbooks. The scrapbooks relate largely to Downs's early life, education, and athletic accomplishments.
Addition 1, Box 39
This addition to the papers of David A. Downs includes: one folder of correspondence written by Downs to his mother has been added to the series. The correspondence dates between circa 1988 and 2006 and is arranged chronologically; notes relating to three acting classes Downs taught at Northwestern in 2006; a folder of notes and teaching materials relating to acting classes Downs taught in Los Angeles during his 2004-2005 leave of absence from Northwestern University; and a program from a 1988 Northwestern Summer Drama Festival production of Much "Ado About Nothing" as well as notes and directions from the 2006 Summer production of Shakespeare's R & J. Downs directed the plays.
Addition 2, Boxes 40-51
This addition fills 12 boxes and spans the years 1927-2014. The series is divided into 3 main sections: personal materials, professional materials, and multimedia materials and artifacts. These sections are divided into 8 subsections: general personal materials, correspondence, writing, general professional materials, Northwestern University professional materials, scripts, multimedia materials, and artifacts.
The general personal materials section contains report cards and books from multiple members of Downs's family; ration book from World War II; drawing books Downs used as a child; Downs's various artistic projects; cause of death papers for Downs's father and sister; and papers from Allegheny College, Loyola University, and Bloomsburg University.
The correspondence section contains Downs's correspondence with various friends, family, and acquaintances, such as Downs's mother Wilda, his father John, and his sister Jane; and friends and colleagues John Logan, Charles Busch, Kim Williams, and David Schwimmer. This section also contains folders with articles related to some of the people with whom Downs retained contact.
The writing section contains Downs's college essays and writings, as well as his plays and writings written after college.
The general professional materials section contains identification cards and papers from acting unions and other professional institutions, teaching papers from the Arden Theatre Company, and an article mentioning Downs.
The Northwestern University professional materials section contains teaching journals and materials, identification cards, correspondence, an article about Downs and Zach Braff, all from Downs's time as a Northwestern professor.
The scripts section contains television scripts from television shows such as Dawson's Creek, Scrubs, Everwood, Modern Family, and Friends. Most are scripts for television shows in which Downs played a role. This section also contains various other papers related to the filming of Dawson's Creek.
The multimedia materials section contains cassette tapes and VHS tapes of student films in which Downs played a role, performances done by Northwestern University, and recordings related to Alvina Krause and Downs's old high school.
The artifacts section contains Downs's art scrapbook, as well as various pins, pendants, patches, and pocketknives Downs or his father owned during their lives.
Downs, David, 1946- (Person)
This collection is stored at a remote campus location and requires two business days advance notice for retrieval. Please contact the McCormick Library at [email protected] or 847-491-3635 for more information or to schedule an appointment to view the collection.
Correspondence with John Logan and David Schwimmer is restricted; consultation with University Archivist required prior to use.
Downs most significant contributions to the field of theatre were in his role as an acting teacher and director, both roles he played at Northwestern University from 1973 – 2007. The David Downs papers are arranged in 51 boxes and span the years from 1927 to 2014. They are organized into five main subseries: biographical materials, correspondence, Northwestern University, publications and professional work, and oversize materials.
The David Downs papers are arranged in thirty-nine boxes and span the years from 1946 to 2003. They are organized into five main subseries: biographical materials, correspondence, Northwestern University, publications and professional work, and oversize materials.
The second addition fills 12 boxes and spans the years 1927-2014. The series is divided into 3 main sections: personal materials, professional materials, and multimedia materials and artifacts. These sections are divided into 8 subsections: general personal materials, correspondence, writing, general professional materials, Northwestern University professional materials, scripts, multimedia materials, and artifacts.
Method of Acquisition
David Downs donated his papers to the Northwestern University Archives over several months in 2004 (Accessions 04-31, 04-47, 04-57, 04-62, 04-74, 04-79, and 04-81).
Addition 1: David Downs donated these materials to the Northwestern University Archives on September 20, 2006 (Accession #06-129).
Addition 2: David Downs donated his papers to the Northwestern University Archives over a period of several years from 2007-2016 (Accessions 06-129, 07-32, 07-73, 08-68. 08-158, 10-111, 10-196, 13-161, 14-80, 14-110, and 16-158).
Separated Materials
During processing approximately five linear inches of photographs were separated to the University Archives' photograph collection and filed under the general heading: Downs, David A. Several video and audiocassette tapes were separated to the Archives' collections of materials in those formats. See videocassette 926 through 965 and audiocassettes 1703 and 1704.
Addition 2: Two awards, the Charles Deering McCormick Professor of Teaching Excellence medallion and the Northwestern Alumni Association Excellence in Teaching Award, have been separated to the Northwestern University Archives collection of artifacts. Twenty-two videocassettes have been placed with the department's materials in that format (Accession 08-68, videocassette numbers 1450 through 1471). An audiocassette recording, the soundtrack for Downs's production of Moon for the Misbegotten, has been placed with the department's audiocassette holdings (Accession 08-158, audiocassette number 1802).
Meghan Courtney; June-August, 2006.
Addition 2: Skyler Poel, 2017.
Acting--Study and teaching
Downs, David, 1946-
Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.)--Faculty
Northwestern University (Evanston, Ill.). Department of Theatre
Guide to the David A. Downs (1946- ) Papers
Meghan Courtney; Kevin B. Leonard
Part of the Northwestern University Archives Repository
https://www.library.northwestern.edu/libraries-collections/mccormick-library/index.html
Deering Library, Level 3
1970 Campus Dr.
Evanston IL 60208-2300 US
[email protected]
David A. Downs (1946- ) Papers, 20/69. Northwestern University Archives.
David A. Downs (1946- ) Papers, 20/69. Northwestern University Archives. https://findingaids.library.northwestern.edu/repositories/6/resources/352 Accessed January 28, 2023. | {
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Q: Easing function of Microsoft office 2013 animations Making use of animations, had became easy and straightforward in designing GUI for almost all platforms. But selection of easing function dramatically affect the user experience, and I think the easing function used in MS Office 2013 (and probably windows 8 in general), is really cool! Does anyone knows what it is?
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NYC St. Patrick's Day Parade Bans Gays From Marching
Written by Kevin Farrell on March 7, 2011
An LGBT group seeking to walk in New York's St. Patrick's Day Parade was initially given permission to march in the annual festival with one hell of a condition: The group was forbidden from wearing any signage denoting they were gay. This alone would be enough to ruffle feathers. But it gets worse.
NYC Council Speaker Christine Quinn, an Irish American lesbian, said that the invitation to join the march was eventually rescinded altogether. Quinn decided to boycott the parade in protest, but gays and lesbians who didn't receive the message showed up to march and were assaulted.
New York Daily News reports:
"They tried to take us out," said Dominick DeRubbio, 25, of the Young Democrats of Richmond County. He said that parade organizers and police swarmed the group – which includes both gay and straight members – when it started marching wearing rainbow pins and other symbols of the gay pride movement.
"He grabbed my jacket and tried to rip the [rainbow] ribbon off of me," St. Jermaine Endeley, 20, said of his confrontation with a parade official. "It's not fair. This is America. I can wear what I want."
Organizers claim no group was excluded from the parade, and yet here we have a widely publicized case of a group being excluded. Insiders say the problem stemmed from an LGBT-friendly banner that was at odds with the Catholic Church. Um, this gay blog says the problem stems from homophobia and wackass discrimination.
Unacceptable! Absolutely unacceptable.
Are you disappointed to see gays and lesbians being discriminated against in New York City, of all places?
Via NY Daily News
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7 Gay Manga Titles We'd Love to See Get an Anime Adaptation | {
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