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Miazga Q&A, as USMNT defender is loving life at Chelsea
By Joe Prince-WrightFeb 13, 2016, 12:18 PM EST
USMNT youngster Matt Miazga joined Chelsea in January as the former New York Red Bulls star has joined one of the biggest clubs in the world.
So far, it's all been a bit of a whirlwind but Miazga, 20, is settling in well and is already raving about the "more professional" setup in the Premier League and spoke of his dream to always move to Europe in the Q&A below.
[ WATCH: Stream every PL game live ]
In an exclusive partnership with Chelsea Football Club, NBCSports.com provides even more access to life at Stamford Bridge.
Sign up to the Chelsea Fan Club Plus now to read the full edition of this month's Chelsea magazine. Members also gain access to Chelsea TV featuring behind-the-scenes action from the Chelsea training ground and exclusive interviews with Guus Hiddink and his players.
[ MORE: Latest Chelsea news ]
Below is a Q&A with Miazga from Chelsea's magazine.
It must be an exciting time for you, having just moved across the pond to start your Chelsea career.
This is a great opportunity. My goal was always to go to Europe to test myself against the best players in the world and against top-level opposition. This is the best league in the world so I'm looking forward to the higher level, getting better as a player and developing.
How would you describe yourself as a player?
I'm a defender so I like to win headers. I'm aggressive, I'm not scared to play out from the back and I like to use my passing range a lot. I try to communicate with the other defenders and be a leader on the field.
What do you expect from the Premier League?
Watching it since I was a young boy, everyone knows the league is very competitive and any team can beat any team, so the competition is very high and everyone is going all out to win their games. It is a very exciting league and I look forward to it.
Football really seems to be on the rise in the United States now…
It definitely is, especially after the World Cup in 2014 when we made it out of the group of death. Everybody became big fans and it is growing now, you can tell.
Coming from a Polish family must have helped your interest in the game along…
When my dad was younger, growing up in Poland, everyone played football so he gave me his tips and advice. Every year as I got older, I would play with different travel teams and different coaches would take control and help me, but my dad has always been there for me, giving me advice and keeping my mentality strong.
You have a full United States cap now and you also had an impressive tournament at the Under-20s World Cup, didn't you?
It was a great experience. Playing with some of the best players your age is a great experience. Going past the group stage was another one – playing for your lives, everyone gives it their all, game are full of emotions and there's a lot of passion. You are representing your country so you want to give it your best and everyone is watching back home. Obviously, it is not the full World Cup and that is definitely a goal of mine, but it is definitely a stepping stone in my career. We did fairly well for an American side, we got to the quarter-finals and lost to the eventual champions, Serbia, on penalties.
Is it fair to describe last year as your breakthrough season, given that you made 30 MLS appearances for New York Red Bulls?
Yes, I would say so. As a young player, to become a full-time starter and get all those significant minutes, that is a definitely a breakthrough season. From the start I wasn't pencilled in as a starter. I talked to my manager and he wanted to slowly integrate me and establish me as I was 19 at the time, but there was an injury so I was forced into the line-up anyway. Ever since that first game I just played really well and stuck with it.
You played against Frank Lampard in a game against New York City, as well as David Villa and Andrea Pirlo. What was that like?
Yes, we played them in the Red Bull Arena. There were obviously some world-class players and every time you step on the field against them you want to do well. It was a good experience playing against top players like that – meeting them and competing against them. Lampard actually had some chances arriving at the right time in the box. He didn't put them away and we were lucky he didn't. He obviously had good quality on the ball.
What are your first impressions of Chelsea, having just arrived here?
It's definitely more professional. It's a huge club, so there are staff that take care of you and people within the club who try to make it an easy transition and make you feel comfortable. Your job, then, is only to work on the pitch and give your all. You can tell the magnitude of the club when you walk in, with the facilities here. | {
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Pierre Rosanvallon
Professor of Modern and Contemporary Political History
Pierre Rosanvallon is a French intellectual and historian, named professor at the Collège de France in 2001. He holds there the chair in modern and contemporary political history. His works are dedicated to the history of democracy, French political history, the role of the state and the question of social justice in contemporary societies. He is also director of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales, where he led the Raymond Aron Centre of Political Researches between 1992 and 2005. Rosanvallon was in the 1970s one of the primary theoreticians of workers' self-management in the French Democratic Confederation of Labour (CDFT) trade union.
He is diplomed from the Hautes Études Commerciales (HEC) management school. In 1982, he created the Fondation Saint-Simon think-tank, along with François Furet. The Fondation dissolved in December 1999. Since 2002, Rosanvallon is member of the Scientific Counsel of the French National Library, and has the same functions, since 2004, at the École Normale Supérieure of Paris.
Rosanvallon created in 2002 La République des Idées, an "intellectual workshop," which he overseas. The group publishes reviews and books.
Pierre Rosanvallon and Emmanuelle Saada in Conversation
Email to a Friend Print-Friendly Version
By Semester
Visiting Speakers | {
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Creighton pitchers quiet Husker bats to hand Nebraska first home loss of season
BY Evan Bland / World-Herald News Service | April 10, 2019
Nebraska's new basketball coach Fred Hoiberg waves to the crowd after throwing out the first pitch. BRENDAN SULLIVAN/THE WORLD-HERALD
LINCOLN — Jake Holton is still getting used to this whole Creighton-Nebraska rivalry. He's from California, but he knows a little baseball animosity when he hears it on the field.
The first baseman also felt it from the first-base dugout in front of 5,870 Tuesday night at Haymarket Park. Man, he thought, it would be nice if his team played well tonight.
He and the Bluejays didn't need long. His two-run blast over the left field wall set the tone early, and a parade of Creighton pitchers took a shutout into the seventh inning Tuesday in a cathartic 10-2 victory that atoned for a 6-3 loss in Omaha last month.
"First time was a little shaky for us," said Holton, a junior. "Glad we were able to come out on top this time."
What CU coach Ed Servais labeled the Jays' best game of the year was one Nebraska coach Darin Erstad told players to "flush" immediately after. Husker starter Kyle Perry couldn't complete three innings in his worst midweek start in four tries, and a series of defensive mistakes allowed the visitors to pile on.
In all, the outcome was the most lopsided in Creighton's favor since 2010.
"It was apparent that this wasn't one of our better games," Erstad said. "So I'm hoping we got it all out of the way all in one game, because that was a clunker."
The Bluejays shackled NU while building a 10-run lead into the seventh. Two walks and two singles were all the hosts could muster through six innings against starter Denson Hull (two innings), Ben Dotzler (12⁄3), Paul Bergstrom (12⁄3) and John Sakowski (2⁄3). Creighton used seven pitchers — Servais made sure no Husker hitter saw the same hurler twice — in a game that introduced 15 pitchers overall.
Creighton (17-7) knocked Perry from the game in the third inning. Following Holton's ninth homer of the spring in the opening frame, the visitors loaded the bases on two hit batsmen and a walk in the third before Jack Strunc doubled home a pair as part of a two-hit, four-RBI night.
"We just said, 'Hey, let's be aggressive,'" Servais said. "And I think Jake's home run in the first inning really got us going."
CU added a run on a sacrifice fly in the fifth following a dropped foul popup, then scored four more in the seventh highlighted by RBI hits from Holton and Strunc.
Nebraska's second most lopsided loss of the season began on a high note when new men's basketball coach Fred Hoiberg threw the ceremonial first pitch — a breaking ball for a strike. It ended in the Huskers' first midweek loss in five tries and its first defeat in nine games at Haymarket Park.
Freshman shortstop Spencer Schwellenbach (sprained ankle) returned from an 11-game absence and went 0 for 2 before he was lifted as he eases back into a routine. Reliever Chad Luensmann also walked a pair of Jays and didn't record an out in his first action in a month after recovering from a cut finger.
Erstad said the Huskers "wasted" a day with beautiful weather and a big crowd. Pitchers walked five batters and hit three more, defenders missed a cutoff man amid a sluggish effort and hitters uncharacteristically swung early and saw a total of just 129 pitches.
Both schools return to league play this weekend. Nebraska (17-10) is at Penn State while CU is at Butler. The rubber game of the in-state series is set for April 23 at TD Ameritrade Park.
"That's not our team that you guys saw tonight," freshman first baseman Colby Gomes said. "That's not us. We're just going to flush it and move on from that." | {
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When you join the Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, you enter a network of more than 6,000 men who form lifelong bonds, honor their heroic ancestors, and promote historic preservation, education, and patriotism in their communities. There are hereditary members, who trace their lineage to those who served honorably in the Civil War, and associate members, who do not have the requisite ancestry but wish to join the fraternity. Each is described in greater detail below.
Click here (pdf) for a membership application. Further questions regarding eligibility or the application can be directed to Commander Joshua Claybourn at [email protected].
Hereditary Membership (Member & Junior)
Hereditary membership is available to a male descendant, 14 years of age (6 to 14 for Juniors), who meets the following requirements:
You must directly descend from a Soldier, Sailor, Marine or member of the Revenue Cutter Service (or directly descend from a brother, sister, half-brother, or half-sister of such Soldier, etc.) who was regularly mustered and served honorably in, was honorably discharged from, or died in the service of, the Army, Navy, Marine Corps or Revenue Cutter Service of the United States of America or in such state regiments called to active service and was subject to the orders of United States general officers, between April 12, 1861 and April 9, 1865.
You must never have been convicted of any infamous or heinous crime.
You, or the ancestor through whom membership is claimed, must never have voluntarily borne arms against the government of the United States.
The Sons of Veterans Reserve (SVR) is the ceremonial uniformed military element of the SUVCW. The SVR consists of a General Staff and several military districts across the nation. The SVR is overseen by the National Military Affairs Committee of the SUVCW. SVR elements participate in ceremonies, parades, living history programs, and re-enactments. All Members and Associates are welcome to join the SVR; however, SVR membership is contingent upon maintaining SUVCW membership.
Associate membership is available to men who do not have the ancestry to qualify for hereditary membership. Associate membership is available to any man who demonstrates a genuine interest in the Civil War and can subscribe to the purpose and objects of the SUVCW.
Although an Associate is not required to meet the lineage requirement of a Member, he is still subject to the second and third provisions of hereditary eligibility. Associates may not exceed one-third of the total membership of the Camp at the time of election. | {
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Statements From Senate Majority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins And Senator Jim Gaughran on Jim's Reelection Victory
Senate Majority Leader Andrea Stewart-Cousins said, "I offer my heartfelt congratulations to Senator Jim Gaughran on his reelection. Since first joining the Senate in 2018, as part of the historic freshman class that helped flip the Chamber to Democratic control, Jim has been an outspoken advocate for his constituents, and for the needs of his community. Jim's chairmanship of the Local Governments Committee has been a source of leadership and stability for local governments throughout the state as they struggle with this pandemic, economic crisis, and uncertainty from Washington. I am thrilled that the 5th Senate District voters have returned Jim Gaughran to the Democratic Majority."
Senator Jim Gaughran said, "I am humbled to be reelected by the residents of the 5th Senate District and I thank them for their support. During my first term in office, I worked tirelessly on behalf of Long Islanders and I am proud to have delivered real results -- from a permanent property tax cap to support for small businesses navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. I will keep fighting for my constituents, for Long Island, and for all of New York State and I thank the voters for giving me the opportunity to continue to serve them." | {
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Q: how to retrieve negative data from different column in python? i have data like this,
data orders
I have to select any sub-category that has a negative profit
the data has 9000+ rows
A: Something like df.loc[df["Profits"] < 0] should work.
A: If I understand your question correctly, you want to select all the rows from your dataframe where the value in column Profit is negative (<0)
Assuming you are using a pandas dataframe named df. The following code should gives you all the Sub-Category where at least one row within the Sub-Category had negative profit.
df[(df.Profits < 0)]['Sub-Category'].unique()
You may want to first import your data to pandas. Assuming your data is stored in 'path/to/data/data.csv'
import pd
df = pd.read_csv('path/to/data/data.csv')
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Running is an activity enjoyed by many people. If you live in Byron Center, Michigan and you are looking for running training close to you, Advent Physical Therapy can help you with your training needs.
We have an office right in Byron Center, Michigan that's capable of helping you improve your running. There are many services we offer that can help you make these improvements. However, we always follow three specific steps to ensure you get the best running training that we have to offer.
The first thing we always do in our running training sessions is determining if you have an existing injury. One of the biggest factors that can affect how well you run is an injury. Running injuries can take many different forms. For instance, you may have a small injury like foot pain or shin splints. On the other hand, you could also have a serious injury caused by your running, like an ACL tear or hamstring strain. You and our therapists will need to address these injuries before you can achieve your best running form.
The second step in our running training at Advent Physical Therapy is to treat any existing injuries you have. Our therapists have a variety of treatment methods they can use to help you recover from your injuries. One treatment method we use for running injuries is electrical stimulation therapy. Other forms of treatment that are commonly used include thermotherapy and ultrasound therapy.
However, there is one type of therapy we recommend to runners that trumps all these other forms of therapy. This is allowing yourself the time to heal. Indeed, you may have to stop running and performing other exercises for a while. This, in combination with physical therapy, will help your body heal more quickly.
Once we've found and treated any existing injuries you have, we can help you find your best running form. One way that we do this is by videotaping you while you run. We'll then review the video with you so you can see the issues you're having with your running form. With this information, we can then create personalized stretching routines and exercise plans for you that improve your running form and posture.
By following these three steps of our running training program, the team at Advent Physical Therapy can help you become a better runner. Not only that, we may be able to help you prevent future running injuries. There's even an easy way to start taking advantage of these benefits of running training from our team, which is to make an appointment for a free 15-minute screening. All you have to do is contact the team at our 2373 64th St., Suite 2100 location in Byron Center, Michigan today. | {
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Posted January 10th, 2013 .
The Turkish Commercial Code published in the Trade Registry Gazette dated 14 February 2011 and numbered 27846 (the "TCC"), makes significant changes in the management of joint stock corporations (anonim şirket). The TCC introduces the possibility of having a board of directors (a "Board") that is comprised of one member; whereas, the previous legislation mandated the presence of at least three members on the Board. This article provides a general assessment of the management of a joint stock corporation with a Board consisting of only one member.
For companies that have a Board with three members, as per the former legal rules, in most cases, only one of the three members must be located in Turkey and involved in the day-to-day operations of such company. With the possibility to have a one person Board now, the question now seems to be what exactly the roles of other two Board members are.
Notifying the court if the capital of the company is eroded.
The TCC allows for legal entities to become a Board member. It is possible to adopt a structure wherein a professional management company is appointed as the Board member of the company, and whereby an individual representing such professional management company is registered with the trade registry.
The Company will have a service agreement with the professional management company and, thus, may benefit from a right of indemnification in its favour for any misconduct of the individual sitting at the Board level.
The foregoing structure will not enable the company to refuse liability for actions of the individual sitting on the Board. However, the management company may be in a position to better indemnify the company due to its employee's failure in fulfilling his/her duties.
Based on the above-drawn picture for the legal aspects of the issue, it is a commercial decision for companies to choose between one person Boards and multi-person Boards, depending on their operational needs.
Where the board has negligently or intentionally failed to perform its duties delegated by the laws and the governing documents of the company.
If any of the circumstances in Article 336 of the abolished code existed, the shareholders of the company could bring a lawsuit against all the Board members. Once such lawsuit was filed, if one of the duties were delegated to a specific member of the Board, then the remaining members would be entitled to reject liability, since that specific duty had been delegated to another.
The TCC that has been in force since July 1st, 2012, distinguishes the legal and criminal liabilities of the members of the Board. The TCC, prior to its amendment on June 30, 2012 (the "June 2012 Amendments") set forth a black and white picture for allocation of liability. Prior to the June 2012 Amendments, if there was a breach of duties and responsibilities arising under the laws and the governing documents of the company, and if the members of the Board, incorporators, and managers of the companies could not prove that they were faultless, they would be held liable. The June 2012 Amendments presented a certain level of flexibility to the liability principles by introducing the condition of being at fault in order to be held liable. After the June 2012 Amendments, the part that specifically designated the burden of proof to Board Members was removed. Thus, based on the general law principle that the claimant is responsible for proving its claim, it may be argued that the burden of proof would be on the party claiming that a Board Member is in fault, and such party would be under the obligation to prove his/her claim. Nevertheless, in practice, if the elements of liability (i) damage and/or loss and (ii) the causation are present, the Board Members may be expected to prove that the outcome of their actions would not have changed had they performed all and every measure of diligence.
The TCC states that if the documents relating to the incorporation, share capital increase or decrease, mergers, spin offs, transformation of company forms or issuance of bonds are inaccurate, faulty, false, or if such documents do not reflect the actual status of the company, (i) the individuals that prepared such documentation will have strict liability, and those that made statements based on such documentation and (iii) agreed with such documentation shall be liable, if they are at fault.
The principle adopted in the abolished code did not focus on the "existence of fault." Back in time, the Board would be severally and jointly liable for the damage and loss incurred by the company. On the other hand, the TCC, after the June 2012 Amendments, specifically places a focus on the element of fault while determining liability of Board members with certain exceptions, as discussed above.
The TCC allows the Board to delegate its powers to the extent permitted via internal by-laws and regulations. Although delegation of powers was permitted in the era of the abolished code, the TCC explicitly states that if the members act diligently while delegating their powers to others, they will not be held liable for the breaches of these individuals.
The crucial difference between the TCC and the abolished code lies in the ability of third parties to be able to bring claims directly against the members of the Board. The abolished code only enabled the shareholders to bring claims against the members of the Board. Diverting from the practice established under the abolished code, Article 553 of the TCC explicitly allows the creditors of the company to bring claims against the incorporators, Board members, and managers. The commentaries of the liability provisions of the TCC explicitly state that the parties affected from the faulty acts of the Board members are entitled to make claims directly against the Board members.
Although the June 2012 Amendments lightened Article 553, there is much to be established by the scholars and through court precedents. It is important to note that for the purposes of Article 553, the scholars agree on the issue that the creditors may only claim the direct damages they suffered resulting from the violation of Board members' duties – as opposed to claiming the damages and loss incurred by the company.
The commentaries to the liability provisions of the TCC introduce the concepts of active and passive capacity to sue. The company and/or any of the shareholders, at all times, have the capacity to sue Board members for damages and loss incurred by the company. As per the commentary of Article 549 of the TCC, the parties that are affected by a Board member's violation of his/her duties shall be deemed to have active capacity to sue the Board members, managers and other officers of the company.
Considering the above-mentioned expansion of the legal right to sue Board members to third parties, such as creditors, the June 2012 Amendments seem to bring balance into the liability equation by placing the focus on the requirement of fault in most cases. After the June 2012 Amendments, Article 553 explicitly states that the violation of duties must have occurred due to a fault on the part of the Board member, in order for such Board member to be held liable. If the Board members act diligently and perform their duties taking the "business judgment rule" into consideration, they should not be held liable for any loss and damage incurred by the company and/or third parties.
Another revolutionary development under the TCC is the allocation of liability among the Board members depending on their levels of diligence and fault. If there are more than one Board member accountable for the damages and losses incurred by the company, instead of ruling categorically on joint and several liability (as was the case under the abolished code), the court shall allocate the responsibility taking into account the specific circumstances affecting each member's liability level.
In light of the foregoing, considering the broadened nature of board liability, the role of professional management service providers and significance of the directors and officers' liability insurance would gain more weight over time – depending on how the court precedents would set the standards for fault and accountability.
As a final reminder, it is noteworthy to state that the liabilities of the Board members arising under laws, such as the Law on the Protection of Competition, Protection of Environment, etc., and from the public receivables of the company, continue to be in effect without any alteration.
1 Article 375 of the TCC clearly sets forth the duties of the Board members that may not be delegated. | {
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Your belongings are our priority. Our stores are equipped with 24 hour security, gated entrances, and unique entrance pin codes so that you can rest easy while your belongings are safe and secure.
We are here to help. Which is why we have multiple storage sizes to meet your unique needs. We even have moving containers that we can deliver directly to your door! Call us to see how we can help. | {
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The association Imagine for Margo undertakes actions to bring moments of happiness to sick children and adolescents, and in support of their families. Some examples of our actions to improve the everyday lives of our young warriors who fight with so much courage. – A weekend at the sea offered by the photographer Peter Lindbergh and in the presence of the singer Mika for several children from Gustave Roussy (Villejuif) – Artistic and cultural activities for the children thanks to our partnership with the Crédit du Nord and the Musée d'Orsay. – Toys for Christmas and birthdays with the "Noel's toys" operation of the "Corrida de Noël" of Issy les Moulineaux. – Trips for the children and their families to see "Snow White" and "Peter Pan" thanks to the generosity of the producer Guy Grimberg, – Organization of evenings for the teenagers at the IGR (Villejuif) including the "chic and cold buffet" and "the manicure evening" – Financing of games and furniture for the adolescents' and young adults' rooms. – Thanks to "Z'éparpillés", an invitation for the children to share in their journey as they brought to life on their blog "Z for Margo" their fantastic crossing of the United States by bicycle. -Financing of renovations in pediatric departments thanks to our generous partners. | {
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Located within the Castle Hills master-planned community in Lewisville, Aura Castle Hills offers a lifestyle with ample amenities and recreation choices. The modern aesthetic for the development — featuring 1-, 2- and 3- bedroom luxury apartment homes — is an elevated experience, from the entry reminiscent of a boutique hotel to designer features and finishes. Aura Castle Hills offers a resort-inspired pool, fitness center, outdoor courtyards and more. The Castle Hills community also provides access more than 20 parks, several lakes and trail systems, a private championship golf course, as well as a wealth of shopping and dining options. In addition, this family-friendly community hosts many events throughout the year — from game nights to the July 4th Freedom Festival. Join the list to be one of the first to learn about this exciting new community and the lifestyle offered at Aura Castle Hills.
© 2018-2019 Trinsic Residential. All rights reserved. | {
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In a skillet over medium heat, cook beef, onion and garlic until no longer pink; drain.
Transfer to a greased 2 1/2 quart baking dish; stir in remaining ingredients.
Cover and bake at 350°F for 65 -70 minutes. Let stand, covered, for 10 minutes before serving. | {
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This monument is located on Lagos Island on Broad Street. It is believed that this monument was made by melting of thousands of pennies. It is home to the tomb of late Chief Daniel Conrad Taiwo. It is said that he arrived in Lagos in the year 1848; he began as an apprentice and slowly rose to be a political figure in Nigeria. There is no admission fee to view this monument and it is open every single day.
This is a central square that is found in Lagos Island near the National Museum of Lagos. It is used for many public celebrations and on it are very prominent statues that make it even more noteworthy as a landmark. This square was named after the first Prime Minister in Nigeria. It is open daily and there is no admission fee required.
The Aso rock is found in Abuja's outskirts. It rises about 936 meters above sea level. It is the largest rock in Abuja and is said to have caves within it which provide a means of accessibility to the public. There are very important buildings that are located near this rock – the National Assembly, the Presidential Complex and the Supreme Court. No fee is charged to visit these caves but everyone is required to seek permission beforehand.
During the rainy season, which is between July – September in Nigeria, these falls are at their most dramatic. They are estimated to be at least 30 meters in width during these periods. In December and March which is considered the dry season, it is also quite a scenery – most of the flora are exposed and the water is not as rough, it is possible to take a swim. The site whose visitation is also free of charges is located in Niger State.
This is the largest earthwork in the entire world. It is considered one of the greatest achievements by a man in the 13th century mostly because there was no labour-saving equipment when it was constructed. The Benin Moat is 32,000 km in length. It is open daily and there are no admission fees charged.
These falls are known to be the steepest in the whole of West Africa region. It is situated in Kwara state and is very popular among tourists since it offers great opportunities to take pictures. The best time of year to visit the falls is in the rainy season when the water is most dramatic. Entrance is free and its open daily.
The Zuma rock is very much similar to Abuja's' Aso rock, and could even be mistaken for one another. The 2,379 ft tall rock is sited in Niger state, along the express road linking Kaduna and Abuja. Back in the days during inter-tribal wars, the people of Gbagyi used the rock as a means of defence against their enemies.
It is located in Iganmu in Lagos. It is a venue for most festivals of arts and culture. It was designed to resemble a military hat and is therefore round shaped. The theatre has three galleries and two cinema rooms. The gallery is mainly composed of Nigerian arts and craft.
It is a fortification that is made up of ramparts and ditches hence the name Eredo. Its diameter ranges between 20 to 25 miles. It is found in Ogun States' Ijebu-Ode.
Located in Abeokuta, Olumo rock is where most people found refuge during the tribal wars in the 19th century. The rock was modified in 2006 to include restaurants, museum and an elevator to the top of the rock. The rock is of historical significance and serves as a tourist attraction site.
These landmarks will completely awe you when you behold them for yourself. | {
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attracting notice or attention; capable of being noticed: a noticeable lack of interest.
worthy or deserving of notice or attention; noteworthy: a book that is noticeable for its vivid historical background.
1. conspicuous, prominent 2. notable.
Noticeably absent are the multiple award nominations and high praise from critics.
Here, he pits the craziest GoPro footage against his own, which is noticeably less extreme.
Though, it has to be said: this drone is noticeably lacking a pooper-scooper.
Noticeably, the Western outlets pushing the storyline favor a more proactive U.S. and European military policy in Syria.
This is not noticeably a pro-war experience but it is most certainly a pro-warrior one.
A kitchen should be bright, orderly and noticeably clean, but I think the less it looks like a sitting room the better.
This is a paler variety of the preceding species and is not noticeably different in its habits, nesting or eggs.
Then he was noticeably cleaner, and the odour of horse was replaced by that of cigars, less objectionable to Clyde.
1796, "worthy of notice," from notice (n.) + -able. Meaning "capable of being noticed" is from 1809. Related: Noticeably. | {
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\chapter{Introduction}\label{ch1}
"Data is the new oil" is a quote that goes back to 2006, which is credited to mathematician Clive Humby. It has recently picked up more steam after The Economist published a 2017 report~\cite{theeconomist} titled "The world's most valuable resource is no longer oil, but data". This thesis focuses on tabular data, the most popular type of data to be used for analysis in the industry~\cite{sun2019supertml}.
Unfortunately, extracting insights from tabular data risks losing personal privacy and results in an unjustified analysis~\cite{narayanan2008}. Thus, strict privacy regulations enforced via the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) prevent the misuse of personal data. This calls for innovative technologies that can enable data-usage without breaching privacy. Hence, privacy preserving data solutions have become increasingly important and have the potential to push the contribution of the data economy to the EU GDP by up to 4\%~\cite{data-sharing}.
One such emerging solution is to leverage Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN)~\cite{gan}. GANs are first trained on a real dataset and are then subsequently used to generate synthetic data resembling the original data distribution. Beyond successfully generating images, GANs have recently been applied to generate high quality tabular datasets~\cite{ctgan, tablegan}. And since generative model can synthesize fake data as many as we want, it is good when available data is limited. For example, the case for online learning \cite{rad}.
Currently, the state-of-the-art tabular generators~\cite{ctgan} use the conditional GAN architecture and deal with only on two types of variables, namely continuous and categorical. However, an important class of "mixed" data-types is overlooked. In addition, existing solutions cannot effectively handle highly skewed continuous variables. And finally, the empirical robustness of existing methods to withstand malicious privacy attacks remains unexplored.
In this thesis, we design a tabular data synthesizer that addresses the limitations of the prior work by: (i) efficiently encoding "mixed" data-types consisting of both continuous and categorical variables, (ii) efficiently modeling skewed continuous variables and (iii) enhancing robustness against privacy attacks. Therefore, we propose a novel conditional tabular generative adversarial network, CTAB-GAN, that is further extended to be trained with strict privacy guarantees.
Thus, this chapter begins with Sec.~\ref{Ch1:Syn} elaborating on the necessity of synthetic data with robust privacy guarantees along with beneficial use-cases in the industry. Next, Sec.~\ref{Ch1:motivation} specifies the key scientific motivations for this research. This is followed by the main research questions posed in Sec.~\ref{Ch1:research_question} along with the main results, collaborations and contributions of this thesis in Sec.~\ref{Ch1:Res} \& Sec.~\ref{Ch1:contri}, respectively. Finally, Sec.~\ref{Ch1:org} ends with an outline of how this research is organised.
\section{Privacy Preserving Synthetic Tabular Data}
\label{Ch1:Syn}
Tabular data plays a key role in a wide-range of industries for gaining valuable insights and making data-driven decisions. For e.g., consider the recommendation systems employed on our favourite websites such as Netflix or Bol.com. Or, the corona patient risk models developed by our health-care providers. These all intimately rely on tabular data.
But unfortunately, using the real tabular data may be perilous because: (i) the \textit{privacy} of real data may be comprised (ii) the \textit{standard} of real data may be poor due to rows with incomplete information and (iii) the \textit{amount} of real data representing anomalous events (e.g., data-rows representing "fraud") may be heavily imbalanced as compared to normal events (e.g., data-rows representing "no fraud").
These factors necessitate the use of synthetic tabular data to ensure that the data doesn't contain any real user-sensitive information compromising \textit{privacy}, missing values degrading \textit{quality} and contains a balanced \textit{quantity} of class labels (e.g., equal number of data-rows representing "fraud" vs "no fraud", respectively).
Additionally, due to the recent rise in machine learning solutions that rely on real user-data, there has been an equally important demand for ensuring greater data security against malicious privacy attacks targeted towards machine learning algorithms.
In light of this, privacy-preserving techniques such as differential privacy\cite{dwork2008differential} serve as an effective framework to limit the influence of individual data points and to provide strict privacy guarantees preventing the loss of personal information. In recent times, tech giants such as Apple\cite{tang2017privacy} have successfully used this technique to effectively deal with privacy leaks. \\
\\
Thus, synthetic tabular data generated using strict differential privacy guarantees serves data-driven industries with the following gains:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textbf{Collaboration across stakeholders}- Synthetic data with reliable privacy guarantees serves to enable efficient and safe data-disclosure. This boosts collaboration among different parties and fosters innovation. For e.g., for building a stronger fraudulent insurance claim detector, a multi-national insurance company can benefit from information stored between divisions located across the world. However, privacy restrictions do not allow the real data to be shared. Thus, synthetic data can be used instead, to capture the shared characteristics of fraudulent insurance claims across the world.
\item \textbf{Data Optimization}- Synthetic data generators can effectively learn the distribution of the real data thereby enabling end-users to encapsulate the real information in a more compressed form. This enables easily storing and generating large amounts of data more efficiently. Moreover, synthetic data generators can generate datasets based on user-specified constraints and do not contain missing values by design~\cite{ctgan}.
\item \textbf{Model Optimization}- To improve the performance of machine learning algorithms, synthetic data can be used for performing data-augmentation to effectively re-balance datasets with imbalanced class labels~\cite{engelmann2020conditional}. Moreover, the synthetic data can be used as a proxy validation-dataset to tweak and validate the most optimal hyper-parameters thereby allowing a more efficient usage of the real data for training machine learning models~\cite{fintz2021synthetic}.
\end{itemize}
\section{Motivation}\label{Ch1:motivation}
The industrial datasets (at stakeholders like banks, insurance companies, and health care) present multi-fold challenges. First of all, such datasets are organized in tables and populated with both continuous and categorical variables, or a mix of the two, e.g., missing values can be considered to be categorical elements embedded in continuous variables as they are clearly separate from the continuous variable's original distribution. Here, such type of variables are termed as "mixed" variables. Secondly numeric data variables often have a wide range of values as well as a skewed distributions, e.g., the statistic of the transaction amount for a credit card. Most transactions should be within 0 and 500 bucks (i.e. daily shopping for food and clothes), but exceptions of a high transaction amount surely exist. And last but not least, training tabular GANs with sensitive datasets risks leaking privacy through malicious privacy attacks.
\\
\\
In summary, dealing with the following challenges formed the main motivations of research:
\begin{itemize}
\item Tabular data comprises of "mixed" variables that consist of both a continuous and a categorical component.
\item Continuous variables exhibit heavily skewed distributions which are difficult to model and reproduce authentically.
\item Tabular GANs comprise the privacy of the original dataset used for training.
\end{itemize}
\section{Research Questions}\label{Ch1:research_question}
Building on the motivations established for the thesis in ~Sec.~\ref{Ch1:motivation}, the thesis revolves around three main research question as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item What are the performance capabilities of existing tabular GANs?
\item How to improve upon the tabular generation quality of state-of-the-art tabular GANs?
\item How to train tabular GANs in a privacy-preserving manner?
\end{itemize}
The main research questions are then further divided into the following sub-questions:
\begin{enumerate}
\item What are the performance capabilities of existing tabular GANs?
\begin{enumerate}
\item What is the statistical similarity, ML utility and privacy risk concerning synthetically produced datasets in terms of their corresponding original datasets?
\item What are the challenges faced by existing tabular GANs?
\end{enumerate}
\item How to improve upon the tabular generation quality of state-of-the-art tabular GANs?
\begin{enumerate}
\item How to handle "mixed" variables in tabular data?
\item How to deal with skewed continuous variables?
\end{enumerate}
\item How to prevent privacy leakage for tabular GANs?
\begin{enumerate}
\item How can differential privacy guarantees be instilled for synthetic tabular data generation?
\item Do the theoretical privacy guarantees successfully prevent privacy leakage?
\end{enumerate}
\end{enumerate}
\section{Main Results and Collaborations}
\label{Ch1:Res}
\subsection{Publications}
The work developed in this thesis has lead to several contributions which have been submitted in various venues:
\begin{itemize}
\item Aditya Kunar, Robert Birke, Zilong Zhao, Lydia Y. Chen. \textbf{DTGAN: Differential Private Training for Tabular GANs.}, under review \cite{dtgan}.
\item Zilong Zhao, Aditya Kunar, Robert Birke, Lydia Chen. \textbf{CTAB-GAN: Effective Table Data Synthesizing}, under review \cite{ctabgan}. \vspace{-0.5em}
\item Zilong Zhao, Aditya Kunar, Robert Birke, Lydia Chen. \textbf{FedTGAN: Federated Learning Framework for Synthesizing Tabular Data}, under review. \vspace{-0.5em}
\end{itemize}
\subsection{Collaborations}
Those works has been conducted thanks to fruitful collaborations
\begin{itemize}
\item Dr. Lydia Y. Chen (TU Delft) on tabular GAN algorithm, differential privacy and distributed GAN algorithm,\vspace{-0.5em}
\item Dr. Robert Birke (ABB Research) on tabular GAN algorithm, differential privacy and distributed GAN algorithm, \vspace{-0.5em}
\item Dr. Zilong Zhao (TU Delft) on tabular GAN algorithm, differential privacy and distributed GAN algorithm,\vspace{-0.5em}
\end{itemize}
\section{Contribution of thesis}\label{Ch1:contri}
Our primary contributions of this thesis have been the following:
\begin{itemize}
\item An extensive bench-marking of 4 state-of-the-art tabular GANs in terms of statistical similarity, ML utility and privacy. And, emphasizing important issues faced by existing methods.
\item A novel conditional generative adversarial network, CTAB-GAN, that can effectively handle "mixed" data-types and skewed continuous variables.
\item Differential private training of CTAB-GAN and rigorous privacy risk evaluation against membership and attribute inference attacks.
\end{itemize}
\section{Report Outline}\label{Ch1:org}
The thesis has the following outline, in~\autoref{ch2}, the relevant related work and core concepts pertaining to generating privacy-preserving synthetic data is highlighted. In~\autoref{ch3}, an exploratory study quantitatively evaluating 4 state-of-the-art tabular GAN approaches is elucidated. Moreover, the chapter highlights challenges faced by existing methods. In~\autoref{ch4}, a novel conditional table generative adversarial network, CTAB-GAN, is proposed to improve on challenges faced by the state-of-the-art. In~\autoref{ch5}, the application of differential privacy in the context of tabular GANs is examined and the empirical robustness against privacy attacks is studied. Lastly, in~\autoref{ch6}, we finally summarise this thesis by reviewing the research questions established in this chapter and by identifying limitations of CTAB-GAN and defining avenues of research for future work.
\chapter{Differential Privacy for Tabular Data Generators }\label{ch5}
\section{Introduction}
The previous chapters illustrated the efficacy of tabular GANs for learning the training data distributions and generating high utility synthetic datasets. However, utilising privacy sensitive real datasets to train tabular GANs poses a range of privacy issues. Recent studies have shown that GANs may fall prey to membership and attribute inference attacks which greatly endanger the personal information present in the real training data~\cite{gan_leak,priv_mirage}. Therefore, it is imperative to safeguard the training of tabular GANs such that it remains protected against malicious privacy attacks to ensure that synthetic data can be stored and shared across different parties without harm.
The limited existing work~\cite{pategan,long2019scalable,torkzadehmahani2019dp,torfi2020differentially} rely on Differential Privacy (DP)~\cite{dwork2008differential} for training tabular GANs in a privacy preserving manner. DP is a mathematical framework that provides theoretical guarantees bounding the statistical difference between any resulting tabular GAN model trained regardless of the existence of any particular individual's information in the original training dataset. Typically, this is achieved by (i) clipping the gradients for bounding the sensitivity and (ii) injecting noise while updating the parameters of a network during back-propagation~\cite{backprop}. However, the main challenge found in prior work is to calibrate the training of differential private tabular GANs so as to maintain the utility of synthetic datasets for analysis while providing strict theoretical privacy guarantees. Moreover, the existing literature rarely investigates the empirical robustness of their differential private GANs against privacy attacks.
In this chapter, two variants of differential private CTAB-GAN are proposed based on the ideas presented in prior work, most notably, the work done by the authors of DP-WGAN~\cite{xie2018differentially} and GS-WGAN~\cite{chen2020gs}. Furthermore, a rigorous empirical evaluation is conducted to investigate the usefulness of differential private tabular GANs in terms of their utility for analysis given their constraints to preserve privacy especially against malicious privacy attacks such as the membership and attribute inference attacks.
The rest of this chapter is organized as follows: the two main approaches used to employ differential privacy in CTAB-GAN are elucidated in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:dpctabgan}. Then in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:EA}, a rigorous empirical examination of DP-CTABGAN is provided. Finally, Sec.~\ref{Ch5:Conclusion} ends the chapter with a succinct summary of the results and provides directions for further research.
\section{DP-CTABGAN}
\label{Ch5:dpctabgan}
DP-CTABGAN is a novel approach to generate tabular datasets with strong DP guarantees. It utilizes the DP-SGD~\cite{abadi2016deep} framework introduced by \cite{abadi2016deep} and the subsampled RDP moments accountant technique~\cite{mironov2017renyi,wang2019subsampled} to preserve privacy and account for the cost, respectively. In addition, it makes use of the wasserstein loss with gradient penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved} to effectively bound the gradient norms with an analytically derived optimal clipping value as shown in the work of \cite{chen2020gan}. Therefore, the rest of this section is organised as follows: First, Sec.~\ref{Ch5:WGAN_real} highlights the updated training objective of DP-CTABGAN. Next, Sec.~\ref{Ch5:DPD} $\&$ Sec.~\ref{Ch5:DPG} presents two variants of DP-CTABGAN. Sec.~\ref{Ch5:DPD} details the implementation and privacy analysis for training the discriminator network with DP guarantees whereas in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:DPG}, the generator network is described. Both approaches are studied to obtain the most optimal configuration for training DP-CTABGAN.
\subsection{Wasserstein Loss with Gradient Penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved}}
\label{Ch5:WGAN_real}
One of the biggest challenges with using DP-SGD is tuning the clipping parameter, $C$, for bounding the gradient norms. Since clipping greatly degrades the information stored in the original gradients~\cite{chen2020gs}, choosing an optimal clipping value that does not significantly impact utility is crucial.
However, tuning the clipping parameter is laborious as the optimal value fluctuates depending on network hyperparameters (i.e model architecture, learning rate)~\cite{abadi2016deep}. Therefore, inspired by the work of \cite{chen2020gs}, the wasserstein loss with gradient penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch5:WGAN}) is chosen as a suitable loss function for training both variants of DP-CTABGAN.
The gradient penalty term is especially useful as it ensures that the discriminator generates bounded gradient norms which are close to 1 under real and generated distributions. Therefore, an optimal clipping threshold of $C=1$ is obtained analytically avoiding an intensive hyper-parameter search thereby better preserving the information stored in gradients after clipping.
Note that the prior implementation of CTAB-GAN made use of batch normalization to help improve the flow of gradients in both the generator and the discriminator network. However, with the updated gradient penalty training objective which penalizes the gradients for each input data point independently, it is no longer valid. Therefore, \cite{gulrajani2017improved} recommends utilising layer normalization~\cite{ba2016layer} as a drop-in replacement for batch normalisation as it doesn't induce any correlations between data points. And, it was found that layer normalisation significantly improved the flow of gradient information during training based on preliminary experiments.
Additionally, utilising a simple linear interpolation between real and synthetic data points for computing the gradient penalty relies on the assumption that data points form a uniformly distributed hypercube. Since this assumption may not always hold in practice, spherical interpolates~\cite{shoemake1985animating} are used in this work for accounting the possible curvature of the latent space. And, it was found to yield better data utility in preliminary experiments.
\subsection{DP-Discriminator}
\label{Ch5:DPD}
In the first variant, DP-CTABGAN trains the discriminator using differential private-SGD as outlined in algorithm~\ref{Ch5:DPSGD-Algo} where the total number of iterations $T$ is determined based on the total privacy budget $(\epsilon$,$\delta)$. Thus, to compute the number of iterations, the privacy budget spent for every iteration must be bounded and accumulated over training iterations $T$. The subsampled RDP analytical moments accountant technique~\cite{wang2019subsampled} is used for this purpose. The theoretical analysis of the privacy cost is presented below:
\\
\\
\textbf{Theorem 5.2.1} Each discriminator update satisfies $(\lambda,2B\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP where B is the batch size.
\\
\emph{Proof.} Let $f=clip({\bar{g}_D},C)$ be the clipped gradient of the discriminator before adding noise. The sensitivity is derived via the triangle inequality:
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{2}f = \max_{S,S'}||f(S)-f(S')||_{2} \leq 2C
\end{equation}
Since $C=1$ as a consequence of the wasserstein loss with gradient penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved} and by using definition 2.2.3 in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background}, the DP-SGD procedure denoted as $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ parameterized by noise scale $\sigma$ and clipping parameter $C$ may be represented as being $(\lambda,2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP.
Furthermore, each discriminator update for a batch of real data points $\{x_i,..,x_B\}$ can be represented as
\begin{equation}
\Tilde{g}_D = \frac{1}{B}\sum_{i=1}^{B}\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}(\nabla_{\theta_D}\mathcal{L}_{D}(\theta_D,x_i))
\end{equation}
where $\tilde{g}_{D}$ and $\theta_{D}$ represents the perturbed gradients and the weights of the discriminator network, respectively. This may be regarded as a composition of B Gaussian mechanisms. And so, by using theorem 2.2.1 in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background}, the privacy cost for a single gradient update step for the discriminator can be expressed as $(\lambda,\sum_{i=1}^{B}2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$ or equivalently $(\lambda,2B\lambda/\sigma^{2})$. \tiny$\blacksquare$
\normalsize Note that $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ is only applied for those gradients that are computed with respect to the real training dataset~\cite{abadi2016deep,zhang2018differentially}. Hence, the gradients computed with respect to the synthetic data and the gradient penalty term are left undisturbed.
Next, to further amplify the privacy protection of the discriminator, theorem 2.2.3 defined in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background} is used where the subsampling rate is defined as $\gamma =B/N$ where $B$ is the batch size and $N$ is the size of the training dataset. Intuitively, subsampling adds another layer of randomness and enhances privacy by decreasing the chances of leaking information about particular individuals who are not included in any given subsample of the dataset.
Lastly, it is worth mentioning that the wasserstein loss with gradient penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved} training objective has one major pitfall with respect to the privacy cost. This is because, it encourages the use of a stronger discriminator network to provide more meaningful gradient updates to the generator. This requires performing multiple updates to the discriminator for each corresponding update to the generator leading to a faster consumption of the overall privacy budget.
\subsection{DP-Generator}
\label{Ch5:DPG}
In the second variant, DP-CTABGAN trains the generator network with DP guarantees. To do so, the gradients flowing from the discriminator and classifier networks (i.e., $g_{G}^{Disc}$ $\&$ $g_{G}^{Class}$) which interact with the original training data are selectively perturbed (i.e., $\tilde{g}_{G}^{Disc}$ $\&$ $\tilde{g}_{G}^{Class}$) via the familiar DP-SGD procedure represented as a randomized mechanism $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ parameterized by noise scale $\sigma$ and clipping parameter $C$ for updating the generator's weights (i.e., $\theta_{G}$), as shown in the Fig~\ref{fig:Ch5Gen} below. The selective perturbation of the gradients is necessary as the combined training objective of the generator i.e., classification, information loss and generator losses (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:TP}) doesn't entirely depend on the original training data. As an example, consider the generator loss which is only used to ensure that the generated data exactly matches the constraint given by the conditional vector sampled randomly during training and as a result, is independent of the real training data, itself.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=0.1]{Figures/Ch_5/Gen.png}
\caption{\centering Privacy Preserving Generator Training where $G$,$D$ and $\mathcal{C}$ denote the generator, discriminator and classifier networks with weights $\theta_G$, $\theta_D$ and $\theta_{\mathcal{C}}$, respectively.
}
\label{fig:Ch5Gen}
\end{figure}
With this in mind, the privacy analysis for training the generator via DP-SGD~\cite{abadi2016deep} utilizing the aforementioned subsampled RDP moments accountant~\cite{wang2019subsampled} is presented.
\\
\\
\textbf{Theorem 5.2.2} Each generator update satisfies $(\lambda,6B\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP where B is the batch size.
\\
\emph{Proof} Let $f_{Disc}=clip({\bar{g}_G^{Disc}},C)$ be the clipped gradient of the generator computed with respect to $\mathcal{L}_{G}$ before adding noise. The sensitivity is derived via the triangle inequality:
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{2}f_{Disc} = \max_{S,S'}||f_{Disc}(S)-f_{Disc}(S')||_{2} \leq 2C
\end{equation}
Since $C=1$ as before and by using definition 2.2.3 in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background}, the randomized mechanism $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ may similarly be represented as being $(\lambda,2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP.
However, due to the addition of the information loss denoted as $\mathcal{L}_{I}$, the generator requires an additional fetch of gradients from the discriminator (i.e., $g_G^{Disc}$) computed with respect to $\mathcal{L}_{I}$ which in turn doubles the number of times $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ is applied. Note that the sensitivity remains the same leading to an identical privacy cost (i.e., $(\lambda,2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP).
Likewise for the classifier loss expressed as $\mathcal{L}_{C}$, let $f_{Class}=clip({\bar{g}_G^{Class}},C)$ be the clipped gradient of the generator back-propagated from the classifier before adding noise. The sensitivity is similarly derived via the triangle inequality:
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{2}f_{Class} = \max_{S,S'}||f_{Class}(S)-f_{Class}(S')||_{2} \leq 2C
\end{equation}
For ease of derivation, the clipping parameter for the classifier module is also, $C=1$. Thus, by using definition 2.2.3 in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background} once again, $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ is $(\lambda,2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP.
Thus, to do a single update of the generator's weights $\theta_{G}$, the randomized mechanism $\mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}$ is first applied twice for the discriminator network and once more for the classifier network with a fixed privacy cost of $(\lambda,2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP. Formally, this can be expressed as
\begin{equation}
\tilde{g}_G = \sum_{i=1}^{L} \mathcal{M}_{\sigma,C}(\nabla_{\theta_G}\mathcal{L}_{i}(\theta_G))
\end{equation}
where $L$ represents the set of losses for which the gradients are computed (i.e., \{${\mathcal{L}_{G}, \mathcal{L}_{I}, \mathcal{L}_{C}}$\}) and $\tilde{g}_{G}$ $\&$ $\theta_{G}$ represents the perturbed gradients and the weights of the generator network, respectively. This sequence can once again be interpreted as a composition of Gaussian mechanisms which allows the use of theorem 2.2.1 defined in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background}, to express the cost for an individual data point as $(\lambda,\sum_{i=1}^{3}2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$-RDP. And, the privacy cost for a batch of data points $\{x_i,..,x_B\}$ can be similarly extended to be $(\lambda,\sum_{i=1}^{B}\sum_{i=1}^{3}2\lambda/\sigma^{2})$ or equivalently $(\lambda,6B\lambda/\sigma^{2})$. \tiny$\blacksquare$
\normalsize Next, to amplify the privacy protection for the generator, theorem 2.2.3 defined in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:background} is analogously used. However, in this case, the original training dataset is divided into disjoint subsets of equal size where a unique discriminator is trained for each subset independently. The size of each subsampled data is defined as $N_{d}/N$ where $N_{d}$ is the total number of discriminators and $N$ is the size of the full training dataset. Thus, during training, one out of the total number of discriminators is chosen randomly for every iteration to provide gradient updates to the generator on the basis of it's corresponding subsampled dataset. In this way, the subsampling rate for the generator is defined to be $\gamma = 1/N_{d}$.
Unfortunately, training multiple discriminators on smaller subsamples is problematic due to the lack of enough training iterations for any given discriminator in comparison to the generator. Moreover, reducing the number of samples via subsampling increases the potential of over-fitting the discriminators on it's respective subsample. \cite{chen2020gs} recommends to alleviate the first problem by pre-training the multiple discriminator networks with a standard generator without DP. Since, pre-training the discriminators reliably doesn't breach the DP guarantees for the generator. However, in practice, the results were not found to be affected by the presence of pre-trained discriminators in preliminary experiments.
Lastly, definition 2.2.2 defined in~Sec.\ref{Ch5:background} is used to convert the overall cumulative privacy cost computed in terms of RDP back to $(\epsilon,\delta)$-DP for both approaches. Practically, these computations are performed via the official implementation\footnote{\url{https://github.com/yuxiangw/autodp}} provided by \cite{wang2019subsampled}.
\section{Experimental Analysis}
\label{Ch5:EA}
\subsection{Experimental Setup}
\label{Ch5:ES}
\textbf{Datasets}- To evaluate DP-CTABGAN, 3 out of the 5 datasets introduced in Sec.~\ref{Ch3:DD} are used i.e., Adult~\cite{UCIdataset}, Credit~\cite{kagglecredit} and Loan~\cite{kaggleloan}. Refer to Tab.~\ref{table:DDE} detailing each dataset.
\\
\textbf{Baselines}- Both variants of DP-CTABGAN are compared with 2 state-of-the-art architectures: PATE-GAN~\cite{pategan}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/vanderschaarlab/mlforhealthlabpub/tree/main/alg/pategan}} and DP-WGAN~\cite{xie2018differentially}\footnote{\url{https://github.com/BorealisAI/private-data-generation/blob/master/models/dp_wgan.py}}. Additionally, to present a fair comparison between DP-WGAN and PATE-GAN, a common network architecture for the both the generator and discriminator is used (refer to Sec.~\ref{appendix:1}). Tab.~\ref{Ch5:tab1}. outlines the salient features of all methods used in this evaluation.
Lastly, it is important to note that for DP-WGAN, the authors originally derive the privacy cost using the moment accountant technique~\cite{abadi2016deep}. However, in this work, to compare fairly across different approaches that all making use of DP-SGD with gaussian mechanisms, the more optimal subsampled RDP accountant~\cite{mironov2017renyi,wang2019subsampled} is used. This is because, the RDP-accountant allows for even tighter bounds on the privacy budget than the moment accountant enabling less noise to be added during training for ensuring similar privacy guarantees.
\subsection{Evaluation Metrics}
\textbf{Statistical Similarity $\&$ ML Utility}- The evaluation metrics concerning the statistical similarity and ML utility is borrowed from Sec.~\ref{Ch3:metrics}. However, there are a few notable differences worth mentioning.
Firstly, with respect to the statistical similarity, unlike previous chapters, the WD is calculated after performing a min-max normalisation\footnote{\url{https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.preprocessing.MinMaxScaler.html}} for both the real and synthetic values using the real maximum and minimum values corresponding to a particular column. This is done for averaging the wasserstein distances across columns with drastically varying scales more reliably.
Secondly, for evaluating the ML utility, the average precision score (APR)\footnote{https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.metrics.average\_precision\_score.html} is introduced to provide a reliable source of performance in comparison to the AUC given the imbalance in datasets used. Moreover, the SVM model is eliminated from the study due to practical limitations with outputting predicted probabilities in a time-efficient manner. Lastly, the Min-Max normalisation is used as a pre-processing step before training of ML models as used in the evaluation done by \cite{pategan}. \\
\\
\textbf{Inference Attacks}- This chapter introduces two new metrics for evaluating the empirical robustness of GANs against malicious privacy attacks. More specifically, the membership and attribute inference attacks are launched against each model to expose the risk of privacy loss based on the rigorous framework provided by \cite{priv_mirage}.\\
\\
\textbf{The membership inference attack~\cite{chen2020gan}} is a binary classification problem in which an attacker tries to predict if a particular target data point $t$ has been used to train a victim generative model. This work assumes that the attacker only needs access to a black-box tabular GAN model, a reference dataset $\mathcal{R}$ and $t$ for which the inference must be made~\cite{priv_mirage}.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.06]{Figures/Ch_5/MI_Attack.png}
\caption{\centering Membership Inference Attack Pipeline}
\label{fig:MIE}
\end{figure}
As illustrated in Fig.~\ref{fig:MIE}, to launch an attack, the attacker prepares two training datasets with and without the target record $t$ using the reference dataset $\mathcal{R}$ (i.e., $\mathcal{R}$, $\mathcal{R}\oplus t$). Next, the attacker uses black-box access to the model for training two separate models on each dataset. The attacker then uses these to generate $s$ batches of synthetic data each consisting of $r$ rows, represented as $\mathcal{S}^{s}_{r}$. The synthetic batches are assigned a label of 0 and 1, respectively, based on the presence of $t$ in the training dataset.
Thereafter, each batch of synthetic data is processed by a feature extraction method summarizing the information contained in each batch into a single vector. This is done in two ways: (i) naive extraction- computes the mean, median, and variance of every continuous column and the length of unique categories as well as the most and least frequently occurring category for every categorical column (ii) correlation extraction- computes the pairwise correlations between all columns where the categorical columns are dummy-encoded.
This leads to the creation of a final dataset, containing an equal number of processed samples. This is split into train and test datasets. An attack model is trained on the training dataset and used to compute the privacy gain as $P_{Gain}=\frac{(P_{Real} - P_{Fake})}{2}$ where $P_{Fake}$ is the attack model's average probability of successfully predicting the correct label in the test-set and $P_{Real}=1$ since having access to the original training data ensures full knowledge of $t$'s presence~\cite{priv_mirage}.
To conduct the membership inference evaluation, 4000 rows of real data were sampled from each dataset to form the reference dataset (i.e., $\mathcal{R}$) to train the synthetic models. Each batch for feature extraction was chosen to be of size $r=400$. And, $s=1200$ batches were generated such that the training dataset was of size 1000 with balanced number of classes. And, the test set contained 200 samples with balanced classes. To train the attack model, the Random-Forest-Classifier\footnote{https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.RandomForestClassifier.html} was used. The experiments were repeated 5 times with 5 different target records $t$ for each dataset and the results were averaged.
\\
\\
\textbf{An attribute inference attack~\cite{priv_mirage}} is defined as a regression problem where the attacker attempts to predict the values of a sensitive target column provided he/she has black-box access to a generative model.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.062]{Figures/Ch_5/AI_Attack.png}
\caption{\centering Attribute Inference Attack Pipeline}
\label{fig:MIA1}
\end{figure}
To launch an attribute inference attack and evaluate the privacy risk (refer to Fig.~\ref{fig:MIA1}), a dataset $\mathcal{R}$ sampled from the real distribution is split into train and test datasets, respectively (i.e., $\mathcal{R}_{Train}$ $\&$ $\mathcal{R}_{Test}$). $\mathcal{R}_{Train}$ is fed into a generative model for generating a corresponding synthetic training dataset (i.e., $\mathcal{G}_{Train}$).
A linear regression model\footnote{https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.linear\_model.LinearRegression.html} is then used for estimating the relationship between the independent variables known to the attacker and the dependent sensitive variable for both $\mathcal{R}_{Train}$ and $\mathcal{G}_{Train}$. Then, to evaluate the privacy risk, the privacy gain is computed similarly as: $P_{Gain} = \frac{(P_{Real}-P_{Fake})}{2}$, where $P_{Real}$ $\&$ $P_{Fake}$ denote the average posterior probabilities of correctly predicting the sensitive attribute on the real testset given the linear models fitted on $\mathcal{R}_{Train}$ and $\mathcal{G}_{Train}$, respectively~\cite{priv_mirage}.
For performing the attribute inference evaluation, 5000 real samples (i.e.,$\mathcal{R}$) were sampled from each dataset where 4900 samples were used for creating the training dataset (i.e., $\mathcal{R}_{Train}$) and 100 for the testing dataset (i.e.,$\mathcal{R}_{Test}$). Moreover, the sensitive attribute for the datasets Adult, Loan and Credit were chosen to be "Age","Age" and "Amount", respectively. The experiment was repeated 5 times and the average results are presented.
\subsection{Results}
This section presents the results for all baselines based on the criteria established previously. Note that for measuring the statistical similarity and ML efficacy, the privacy budget $\epsilon$ is varied between 1 and 100 to study the influence of a strong vs weak privacy constraint, respectively.
However, for evaluating the risk of privacy loss via membership and attribute inference attacks, a strict privacy budget of $\epsilon = 1$ is chosen as commonly used in prior work~\cite{pategan}. This is done to thoroughly test the effectiveness of DP techniques offering strong theoretical guarantees empirically. Refer to Sec.~\ref{appendix:2} of the appendix for details concerning hyper-parameters used to generate samples from all baselines for conducting the experiments.
Lastly, all result tables feature DP-CTABGAN with no privacy budget (i.e.,$\epsilon=\infty$) simply denoted as CTAB-GAN to be used as a reference point for examining the influence of differential privacy for training CTAB-GAN. Note that $\delta=1e-5$ is fixed across all experiments and the best results are highlighted in bold among only those models that are trained with finite privacy budgets.\\
\\
\textbf{Statistical Similarity $\&$ ML Utility}-
\label{Ch5:Res}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Statistical Similarity}- As shown in Tab.~\ref{table:SS_allE1} and Tab.~\ref{table:SS_allE2}, among all baseline models, D-DP-CTABGAN is the only model which consistently improves across all three metrics when the privacy budget is increased.
Similarly, G-DP-CTABGAN sees an improvement across both the Avg-JSD and Avg-WD. However, PATE-GAN and DP-WGAN do not show signs of improvement consistently across any of the metrics. Moreover, they perform worse than both variants of DP-CTABGAN at both levels of epsilon.
This highlights their inability to capture the statistical distributions during training despite a loose privacy budget purely due to the lack of an effective training framework.
Lastly, it is worth noting that G-DP-CTABGAN features the best correlation distance at $\epsilon=1$ and $\epsilon=100$ showcasing that training the discriminator reliably is hugely beneficial for capturing correlations in the data as compared to D-DP-CTABGAN. Naturally, there is still a huge performance gap between CTAB-GAN and both variants of DP-CTABGAN due to the application of DP.\\
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Statistical similarity: 3 measures averaged over 3 datasets with a privacy budget of $\epsilon=1$}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Avg JSD} & \textbf{Avg NWD} & \textbf{Diff. Corr.} \\
\hline
\small{PATE-GAN} & 0.487 & 0.259 & 3.982 \\
\small{DP-WGAN} &0.299 & 0.232 & 3.834 \\
\small{D-DP-CTABGAN} & \textbf{0.246} & \textbf{0.063} & 4.168 \\
\small{G-DP-CTABGAN} & 0.376 & 0.189 & \textbf{3.065} \\
\small{CTAB-GAN} & 0.028 & 0.01 & 1.607 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:SS_allE1}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Statistical similarity: 3 measures averaged over 3 datasets with a privacy budget of $\epsilon=100$ }
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Avg JSD} & \textbf{Avg NWD} & \textbf{Diff. Corr.} \\
\hline
\small{PATE-GAN} & 0.358 & 0.259 & 4.837 \\
\small{DP-WGAN} & 0.304 & 0.222 & 4.57 \\
\small{D-DP-CTABGAN} & \textbf{0.127} & \textbf{0.047} & 3.648 \\
\small{G-DP-CTABGAN} & 0.389 & 0.174 & \textbf{3.21} \\
\small{CTAB-GAN} & 0.028 & 0.01 & 1.607 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:SS_allE2}
\end{table}
\item \textbf{ML Efficacy}- From the results presented in Tab.~\ref{table:ML_allE1} and Tab.~\ref{table:ML_allE2}, surprisingly PATE-GAN performs worse in terms of ML utility with a looser privacy budget. This is mainly because the student discriminator is trained solely with generated samples of poor statistical similarity as found in Tab.~\ref{table:SS_allE2}.
Moreover, it is found similar as before that only the D-DP-CTABGAN model consistently improves across all metrics with a looser privacy budget. And, showcases the best performance for both the f1-score and APR metrics with different privacy budgets across all baselines. This finding suggests that the based on the implementations of D-DP-CTABGAN and G-DP-CTABGAN used in this work, training the discriminator with DP guarantees is more optimal. This is in line with the challenges faced by G-DP-CTABGAN due to subsampling which hugely degrades performance by training multiple discriminators each using a smaller number of samples.
Finally, the performance increase of D-DP-CTABGAN in comparison to other baselines can be explained by it's sophisticated neural network architecture (i.e., conditional GAN) and improved training objective (i.e., wasserstein loss with gradient penalty). However, as a consequence of the application of DP, the performance decrease in comparison to CTAB-GAN is noticeably large.\\
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Difference of ML accuracy (\%), F1-score, AUC and APR between original and synthetic data: average over 3 different datasets and a privacy budget $\epsilon=1$}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{AUC} & \textbf{APR}& \textbf{F1-Score} \\
\hline
\small{PATE-GAN} & 10.8\% & \textbf{0.246} & 0.576 & 0.367 \\
\small{DP-WGAN} & \textbf{8.2\%} & 0.408 & 0.58 & 0.368 \\
\small{D-DP-CTABGAN} & 16.1\%& 0.302& \textbf{0.483} & \textbf{0.34}\\
\small{G-DP-CTABGAN} & 32.3\%& 0.377 & 0.604 & 0.454 \\
\small{CTABGAN} & 2.6\% & 0.042 & 0.143 & 0.097 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:ML_allE1}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Difference of ML accuracy (\%), F1-score, AUC and APR between original and synthetic data: average over 3 different datasets and a privacy budget $\epsilon=100$}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{AUC} & \textbf{APR}& \textbf{F1-Score} \\
\hline
\small{PATE-GAN} & 37.4\% & 0.416 & 0.566 & 0.412 \\
\small{DP-WGAN} & \textbf{10.8\%} & 0.373 & 0.592 & 0.364 \\
\small{D-DP-CTABGAN} & 13\% & \textbf{0.265} & \textbf{0.475} & \textbf{0.262} \\
\small{G-DP-CTABGAN} & 13.7\% & 0.387 & 0.565 & 0.374 \\
\small{CTABGAN} & 2.6\% & 0.042 & 0.143 & 0.097 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:ML_allE2}
\end{table}
\end{enumerate}
\textbf{Privacy Impact Against Inference Attacks}-
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Membership Inference Attack}- From the results shown in Tab.~\ref{table:PP_allE}, it is found that all DP baselines provide an empirical privacy gain close to 0.25 for both feature extraction methods. This indicates that differential private methods provide a strong privacy protection against membership attacks. And ensures that the average probability of success for any attack is close to the attacker's original prior i.e 0.5. Furthermore, it is found that D-DP-CTABGAN and G-DP-CTABGAN provide the highest security against a membership attack with naive and correlation feature extraction methods, respectively.
Moreover, there is a clear decrease in the privacy gain achieved by CTABGAN showcasing that DP is needed to provide a stronger defense against membership inference attacks.
\item \textbf{Attribute Inference Attack}- Tab.~\ref{table:PP_allE} shows that PATE-GAN provides the greatest security. Moreover, both versions of DP-CTABGAN provide a lesser privacy protection than other baselines. And, CTABGAN provides the worst security. This is due to the superior quality of the synthetic data offered by CTABGAN and it's DP variants which enhances the attacker's probability of successfully inferring sensitive information. These results highlight the inherent trade-off between privacy and data utility i.e., increasing the utility directly worsens the privacy and vice versa.
It is worth noting that the privacy gain for attribute inference attack for all baselines is close to 0 suggesting that the overall privacy protection offered against attribute inference attacks is quite low. However, it should be noted that the privacy gain is computed with respect to the real data. Thus, in case the real data itself provides a low probability of successfully inferring the correct target values for a sensitive attribute, then the synthetic dataset will perform in a similar manner resulting in a privacy gain close to 0.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Empirical privacy gain against membership attack with naive $\&$ correlation feature extraction and attribute inference attack: average over 3 different datasets with a privacy budget $\epsilon=1$}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Naive Privacy Gain} & \textbf{Correlation Privacy Gain} & \textbf{Attribute Inference Privacy Gain}\\
\hline
\small{PATE-GAN} & 0.25 & 0.25 & \textbf{0.042} \\
\small{DP-WGAN} & 0.255 & 0.256 & 0.04 \\
\small{D-DP-CTABGAN}& \textbf{0.266} & 0.248 & 0.037 \\
\small{G-DP-CTABGAN}& 0.245 & \textbf{0.26} & 0.038 \\
\small{CTABGAN}& 0.238 & 0.233 & -2e-4 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{table:PP_allE}
\end{table}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{Ch5:Conclusion}
In this chapter, two variants of DP-CTABGAN were proposed and their corresponding privacy analyses were underlined. Based on theoretical derivations and empirical results, D-DP-CTABGAN resulted in a superior configuration for integrating DP guarantees into CTAB-GAN. Moreover, D-DP-CTABGAN consistently outperformed existing state-of-the-art baselines concerning generated sample quality in terms of both statistical similarity and ML utility metrics.
Additionally, both variants of DP-CTABGAN were found to be resilient towards membership and attribute inference attacks. Therefore, this work showcases the effectiveness of DP for protecting the privacy of sensitive datasets being used for training tabular GANs.
However, further enhancement of the quality of synthetic data at strict privacy budgets (i.e., $\epsilon \leq 1$) is still needed. Ultimately, there is an inherent trade-off between privacy and utility and obtaining the most optimal balance between both is left for future work.
\chapter{Conclusion}\label{ch6}
Tabular data is a key asset for data-driven industries that are fueled by modern advancements in the field of machine learning. However, utilising real tabular data risks leaking private information about individuals. Therefore, tabular GANs have gained vital importance as a viable solution to utilise tabular data without breaching privacy.
\\
This thesis dealt with three main research questions pertaining to tabular GANs:
\begin{itemize}
\item \textit{"What are the performance capabilities of existing tabular GANs?"}- To answer this research question, 4 state-of-the-art tabular GAN models were extensively evaluated on 5 datasets in terms of their ML utility, statistical similarity and privacy. And their major strengths and weaknesses were highlighted.
\item \textit{"How to improve upon the tabular generation quality of state-of-the-art tabular GANs?"}- Based on the exposed difficulties of existing methods, this work developed a novel conditional tabular GAN architecture, CTAB-GAN. CTAB-GAN was shown to effectively handle "mixed" data types and skewed variables. And, improved upon prior work in data utility for ML applications by up to 17\% in accuracy for 5 ML models on complex datasets while maintaining a safer privacy distance than prior-work.
\item \textit{"How to prevent privacy leakage for tabular GANs?"}- The use of differential privacy for enhancing the privacy of tabular GAN training was examined. Moreover, CTABGAN with DP guarantees was rigorously tested along side state-of-the-art DP-GANs with respect to generation quality and privacy protection against membership and attribute inference attacks. Our results using 3 datasets and 4 ML models showed that DP-CTABGAN maintains the highest data utility by up to 18\% in terms of the average precision score as compared to prior work while reliably withstanding privacy attacks.
\end{itemize}
To conclude the thesis, a few important limitations of this work and corresponding future directions are highlighted:
\begin{itemize}
\item CTAB-GAN makes use of convolution operations that rely on a square matrix representation of the input data. This requires additional padding that adds useless information to the data. Therefore, the use of rectangular kernel operations that can be executed directly on rectangular shaped input data can be further looked into.
\item CTAB-GAN's suffers from poor convergence on small sized datasets. Therefore, effectively reducing the training complexity of CTAB-GAN for smaller datasets is needed. And so, simpler data transforms that can allow to learn dependencies between variables without increasing the input dimensionality needs further exploration.
\item There is large gap between the data utility of synthetic data generated with and without using strict privacy guarantees. Moreover, determining the most optimal privacy budget $\epsilon$ that best balances the privacy/utility trade off requires future consideration.
\end{itemize}
\afterpage{\blankpage}
\chapter{CTAB-GAN: Effective Tabular Data Synthesizing}\label{ch4}
\section{Introduction}
CTAB-GAN is a novel tabular data generator designed to overcome the challenges outlined in Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Challenges}. In CTAB-GAN we invent a \textit{Mixed-type Encoder} based on the \textit{mode-specific normalization (MSN)} introduced in the work of \cite{ctgan}. The \textit{Mixed-type Encoder} can better represent a mix of categorical and continuous variables as well as deal with missing values. Moreover, CTAB-GAN is based on a \textit{conditional GAN (CGAN)} and utilizes \textit{training-by-sampling} to efficiently treat imbalanced data variables. Additionally, it features the \textit{classification}, \textit{information} and \textit{generator losses}~\cite{tablegan,ctgan} for training the generator to improve semantic integrity and training stability, respectively. Furthermore, CTAB-GAN makes use of the underlying \textit{DCGAN architecture}~\cite{radford2015unsupervised} for enhancing the quality of generated samples. Lastly, CTAB-GAN utilizes a light-weight \textit{log-transformation} to overcome the mode collapse problem for heavy long-tailed numerical variables.
Hence, in section Sec.~\ref{Ch4:Design}, the novel design aspects of CTAB-GAN are highlighted and Sec.~\ref{Ch4:exp} provides an experimental analysis comparing CTAB-GAN with the state-of-the-art methods introduced in Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Baselines}. Lastly, Sec.~\ref{Ch4:Conclusion} ends with a short conclusion of the chapter.
\section{Design of CTAB-GAN}
\label{Ch4:Design}
\subsection{Network Structure}
The structure of CTAB-GAN comprises of three blocks: Generator $\mathcal{G}$, Discriminator $\mathcal{D}$ and an auxiliary Classifier $\mathcal{C}$. Moreover, since our algorithm is based on \textit{conditional GAN}, the generator requires a noise vector plus a \textit{conditional vector} as input (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:cgan}). Additionally, the discriminator is fed both the real and synthetic data after concatenating them with their corresponding \textit{conditional vectors} as input (see Fig.~\ref{fig:STD_1}).
$\mathcal{G}$ and $\mathcal{D}$ are implemented using the \textit{DCGAN neural network architecture}~\cite{radford2015unsupervised} (refer to section \ref{Ch4:dcgan}) inspired from the work of \cite{tablegan}. This architecture has shown promising results in terms of generating synthetic data with high ML utility and was found to most optimally capture the correlations in the original data (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Results}). Therefore, it is used as the underlying neural network architecture for training CTAB-GAN.
$\mathcal{C}$ (refer to section \ref{Ch4:tabloss}) consists of 4 fully connected layers with $256$ nodes each which are all followed by a \textit{LeakyReLU layer} with a leaky ratio of $0.20$ and are trained using \textit{dropout regularization} with a probability parameter of $0.5$. Note that the last and $5^{th}$ layer of the classifier is adapted to deal with both \textit{binary} $\&$ \textit{multi-class classification} problems.
An important distinction concerning the classification loss as presented in the work of \cite{tablegan} is that, this work utilizes an MLP neural architecture\footnote{The MLP architecture was chosen as it led to superior performance in preliminary experiments.} for the \textit{auxiliary classifier} and caters to both \textit{binary} and \textit{multi-class classification} problems. Whereas, TableGAN features an \textit{auxiliary classifier} with the same neural architecture as the discriminator and can only deal with binary classification problems.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{Figures/Ch_4/STD2.png}
\caption{\centering Synthetic Tabular Data Generation via CTAB-GAN}
\label{fig:STD_1}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Data Representation}
\label{Ch4:data_representation}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.4\linewidth]{Figures/Ch_4/bi-mode.png}
\caption{\centering \centering Mixed type variable distribution with VGM estimation}
\label{fig:gmm_distribution_mixed}
\end{figure}
The original tabular training data is encoded variable by variable. This work distinguish between three types of variables: \textit{categorical}, \textit{continuous} $\&$ \textit{mixed}.
\textbf{Mixed variables} are those that contain both \textit{categorical} and \textit{continuous} values, an example is a \textit{continuous variable} with missing values. The missing values clearly do not belong to the continuous domain. Thus, they are treated separately as a \textit{categorical component} of a \textit{mixed variable}.
The novel \textit{mixed-type encoder} is proposed to deal with such a variable. With this encoder, values of \textit{mixed variables} are seen as concatenated value-mode pairs based on the \textit{MSN technique}(refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}) introduced by \cite{ctgan}. The encoding is illustrated via the exemplary distribution of a \textit{mixed variable} shown in red in Fig.~\ref{fig:gmm_distribution_mixed}. One can see that values can either be exactly $\mu_0$ or $\mu_3$ (the \textit{categorical part}) or distributed around two peaks in $\mu_1$ and $\mu_2$ (the \textit{continuous part}). The \textit{continuous part} has been explained in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}.
The \textit{categorical part} (e.g., $\mu_0$ or $\mu_3$) in Fig.~\ref{fig:gmm_distribution_mixed} is treated similarly, except $\alpha$ is directly set to 0 as the category is determined only by the one-hot encoding representing the modes. For example, for a value in $\mu_3$, the final encoding is given by $0 \bigoplus [0, 0, 0, 1]$.
Finally, \textit{categorical variables} are encoded via a one-hot vector $\gamma$. missing values in this case are simply treated as a separate unique class and an extra bit is added to the one-hot vector to account for it.
Thus, a row with $[1, \dots, N]$ variables is encoded by concatenation of the encoding of all variables, i.e. either $(\alpha \bigoplus \beta)$ for \textit{continuous} $\&$ \textit{mixed variables} or $\gamma$ for \textit{categorical variables}. Having $n$ \textit{continuous/mixed variables} and $m$ \textit{categorical variables} ($n + m = N$) the final encoding can be expressed as:
\begin{equation}
\label{condvec}
\bigoplus_{i=1}^{n} \alpha_i\mathsmaller{\bigoplus} \beta_{i} \;
\bigoplus_{j=n+1}^{N} \gamma_{j}
\end{equation}
\subsection{Counter Imbalanced Variables}
\label{Ch4:condvec}
In CTAB-GAN, the conditional GAN with training-by-sampling (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:cgan}) inspired from the work of \cite{ctgan} is used. However, in contrast to their work, the conditional vector of CTAB-GAN is further extended to include the one-hot-vectors corresponding to the modes used to represent continuous and mixed columns (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:data_representation}). Thus, the extended conditional vector $ex\_cond$ is a bit vector given by the concatenation of all one-hot encodings $\beta$ (for continuous $\&$ mixed variables) along with all categorical one-hot encodings $\gamma$ for all variables present in Eq.~\eqref{condvec}. For example, $ex\_cond$ is shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:condvec} with three variables, one continuous ($C_1$), one mixed ($C_2$) and one categorical ($C_3$), with class 2 selected for $C_3$.
Extending the conditional vector to include the continuous $\&$ mixed variables helps deal with imbalance in the frequency of modes used to represent them. Moreover, the generator is conditioned on all data-types during training enhancing the learned correlation between all variables (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:Results} $\&$ Sec.~\ref{Ch4:motivation_response}).
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.18]{Figures/Ch_4/condvec.png}
\caption{\centering Conditional vector: example selects class 2 from third variable out of three}
\label{fig:condvec}
\end{figure}
\subsection{Treat Long Tails}
\label{Ch4:longgtail}
To encode continuous values, a variational Gaussian mixture model is used (as explained in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}). However, Gaussian mixtures can not deal with all types of data distributions, notably distributions with a long tail where few rare points are far from the bulk of the data. VGM especially face great difficulties to encode the values towards the tail.
To counter this issue, we pre-process continuous variables with long tail distributions with a log-transform. For such a variable having values with lower bound $l$, we replace each value $\tau$ with compressed $\tau^c$:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:preprossesing}
\tau^c = \left\{
\begin{array}{rl}
\mbox{log($\tau$)} & \mbox{if $l>$0} \\
\mbox{log($\tau$ - $l$+$\epsilon$)} & \mbox{if $l\leqslant$0} \mbox{, where } \mbox{$\epsilon>$0}
\end{array} \right\}
\end{equation}
The log-transform allows to compress and reduce the distance between the tail and bulk data making it easier for VGM to encode all values, including those values present towards the end of the long tail. We show the impact of this simple yet effective method in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:motivation_response}.
\subsection{Training Procedure}
\label{Ch4:TP}
To train CTAB-GAN, one must overcome 2 major difficulties both caused by the use of a \textit{convolution} based GAN architecture (i.e., \textit{DCGAN}\cite{radford2015unsupervised}). The first is to be \textbf{data compatible} with the \textit{DCGAN architecture} that expects a square matrix commonly used to represent images. The second is to account for the presence of \textbf{multiple data types} as the proposed \textit{DCGAN} is not designed to handle categorical variables. This sub-section explains how to overcome these issues in detail. Additionally it briefly covers the training objectives used to train CTAB-GAN.
First, each row belonging to the original dataset is transformed as explained in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:data_representation}. Let the size of such a transformed row $r$ be defined as $1 \times T$ where $T$ is the length of each transformed data-row. Next, the novel \textit{extended conditional vector} (i.e., $ex\_cond$) is sampled as illustrated in section \ref{Ch4:condvec}. Let the size of $ex\_cond$ be $1 \times E$. The extended conditional vector and it's corresponding real data-row are further concatenated to form a vector (i.e., $r \oplus ex\_cond$) of size $1 \times (T+E)$. \\
\\
To deal with \textbf{data compatibility}, each data-row and it's \textit{condition vector} stored as a vector of size $1\times(T+E)$ is wrapped into the closest square matrix of dimensions, i.e. $1\times d \times d$ such that $d$ is the ceiled square root of the data-row dimensionality (i.e., $T+E$). And, unfilled entries of the square matrix are padded with zeros. For example, for a data row with 8 variables, it is converted into a square matrix of dimension $3\times3$ where the last missing entry corresponding to an additional $9^{th}$ column is filled with a zero.
This square shaped image-like format is then used to define the input layer dimensions of $\mathcal{D}$ to take as input of shape i.e., $1 \times d \times d$ where 1 is the number of channels and $d$ is the height and width, respectively. The generator on the other hand is initialized to take in as input a random noise vector $z$ of arbitrary size $s$ coupled with it's corresponding conditional vector $ex\_cond$ of size $E$ (i.e., $z \oplus ex\_cond$ of size $(s+E)\times1\times1$) to output a square matrix of shape $1 \times g \times g$ where $g$ is calculated as ceiled square root of $T$ (i.e., the generator is not required to generate data concatenated with conditional vectors).\\
\\
To account for \textbf{multiple data-types}, the output of the generator is converted back into the shape of the original tabular encoding $1 \times T$ after discarding the additional columns gained as a result of converting to a square matrix. Subsequently, the final activation is applied. For the scalar values $\alpha$ for mixed $\&$ continuous variables, a \textit{Tanh} final activation is used. And for one-hot-encodings used for representing the modes (i.e., $\beta$) and the categorical variables (i.e., $\gamma$) (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:data_representation}), the \textit{gumbel softmax activation} function with a temperature parameter of $0.20$ is used. This is based on the work of \cite{ctgan} where the different activations accounts for the difference in data-types (a non-issue for generating images).
The resulting generated tabular data-row $\hat{r}$ of size $1\times T$ is concatenated with it's corresponding conditional vector $ex\_cond$ of size $1\times E$ (i.e., $\hat{r}\oplus ex\_cond$ of size $1\times(T+E)$). And, this is similarly converted back to a square shape of size $1 \times d \times d$ to be passed to the discriminator. \\
\\
Finally, to account for the training objectives, let $\mathcal{L}^{D}_{orig}$ and $\mathcal{L}^{G}_{orig}$ denote the original GAN loss functions from~\cite{gan} described in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:dcgan} to train the discriminator $\mathcal{D}$ and generator $\mathcal{G}$, respectively. Furthermore, for the generator (i.e., $\mathcal{G}$) the complete training objective is the combination of the classification, information and generator losses ( refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:TB}). Thus, the training objective can be formally expressed as: $\mathcal{L}^{G}=\mathcal{L}^{G}_{orig}+\mathcal{L}_{class}^{G}+\mathcal{L}_{info}^{G} + \mathcal{L}_{generator}^{G}$, while for $\mathcal{D}$ it remains unchanged, i.e. $\mathcal{L}^{D}_{orig}$. \\
\\
Lastly, it is important to note that for utilising the classifier module, the conditional vectors are not concatenated to either real or generated samples. Furthermore, the generated data is not converted back into a square form after applying the final activation and is used as is. In this way, the classifier takes as input the tabular encoded data representation of real/synthetic data expressed in Sec.~\ref{Ch4:data_representation}.
\section{Experimental Analysis}
\label{Ch4:exp}
To show the efficacy of the proposed CTAB-GAN model, the experimental analysis introduced in Sec. \ref{Ch3:EC} is extended to include CTAB-GAN. Hence the same experimental setup is used to compare the performance of CTAB-GAN with respect to the baselines set by the four state-of-the-art GAN generators introduced therein in terms of the resulting ML utility, statistical similarity to the real data, and privacy distance. Additionally, we provide an ablation analysis to highlight the efficacy of the unique components of CTAB-GAN.
\subsection{Results analysis}
\label{Ch4:Results}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[\centering Adult]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/Adult.png}
\label{fig:result_adult}
}
\hspace{\fill}
\subfloat[\centering Covertype]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/Covtype.jpg}
\label{fig:result_covtype}
}
\hspace{\fill}
\subfloat[\centering Credit]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/Credit.png}
\label{fig:result_credit}
}
\hspace{\fill}
\subfloat[\centering Intrusion]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/Intrusion.jpg}
\label{fig:result_intrusion}
}
\quad
\subfloat[\centering Loan]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/Loan.jpg}
\label{fig:result_loan}
}
\caption{ML utilities difference (i.e., AUC and F1-score) for five algorithms using five synthetic data generators on all 5 datasets}
\label{fig:ml_whole}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{ML Utility}- Tab.~\ref{table:ML_all} shows the averaged ML utility differences between real and synthetic data in terms of accuracy, F1 score, and AUC. A better synthetic dataset is expected to have low differences. It can be seen that CTAB-GAN outperforms all other state-of-the-art methods in terms of Accuracy, F1-score and AUC. Accuracy is the most commonly used classification metric, but to account for imbalanced target variables, the F1-score and AUC are more reliable metrics to evaluate performance. CTAB-GAN largely shortens the AUC difference from 0.169 (best in state-of-the-art) to 0.094.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Difference of ML accuracy (\%), F1-score, and AUC between original and synthetic data: average over 5 different datasets and 3 replications.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{F1-score} & \textbf{AUC} \\
\hline
\small{CTAB-GAN} & \textbf{8.90\%} & \textbf{0.107} & \textbf{0.094} \\
\small{CTGAN} &21.51\% & 0.274 & 0.253 \\
\small{TableGAN} &11.40\% & 0.130 & 0.169 \\
\small{MedGAN} & 14.11\%& 0.282& 0.285 \\
\small{CW-GAN} & 20.06\%& 0.354 & 0.299 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:ML_all}
\end{table}
To obtain a better understanding, Fig.~\ref{fig:ml_whole} plots the (F1-score-x axis, AUC-y-axis) for all 5 ML models for all datasets.
Fig.~\ref{fig:ml_whole}(a,b $\&$ c) show that for Adult, Covtype and Credit datasets, the results of CTAB-GAN and TableGAN are largely similar and clearly better than the rest. This is due to a more stable \textit{DCGAN architecture} that trains reliably and therefore generates high utility datasets.
Fig.~\ref{fig:ml_whole}(d) shows that for the Intrusion dataset, CTAB-GAN largely outperforms all others across all ML models used for evaluation. This can be explained by the use of the \textit{conditional GAN architecture} that helps deal with imbalanced variables and the added \textit{information loss} which greatly helps stabilize training (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:ablation}).
Fig.~\ref{fig:ml_whole}(e) however shows that TableGAN outperforms CTAB-GAN on the loan dataset. The Loan dataset is significantly smaller than the other four. Therefore, we find that the encoding method in CTAB-GAN which works well for complex cases also increases the dimensionality of the input data. This results in a failure to converge to a better optimum for smaller datasets. Whereas TableGAN's encoding doesn't lead to an increase in the dimensionality of the raw data as \textit{categorical variables} are simply treated as \textit{continuous} and no \textit{MSN} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}) is used. Thus, this leads to a simpler representation making it easier for the TableGAN model to learn effectively from smaller datasets.
\item \textbf{Statistical similarity}- Statistical similarity results are reported in Tab.~\ref{table:SS_all}. CTAB-GAN stands out again across all comparisons.
For \textit{categorical variables} (i.e. average JSD), CTAB-GAN outperforms CTGAN and TableGAN by 13.5\% and 28.4\%. Although both CTGAN and CTAB-GAN rely on conditional GAN and training-by-sampling to deal with categorical imbalance, the addition of a superior \textit{DCGAN neural network architecture} and the additional loss terms for the generator such as the \textit{classification} and \textit{information losses} enable CTAB-GAN to outperform it's predecessor.
For \textit{continuous variables} (i.e. average WD), CTAB-GAN benefits from the design of the \textit{mixed-encoder} to deal with \textit{mixed data variables}. Moreover, the use of an \textit{extended conditional vector} helps to better produce \textit{skewed multi-modal numerical distributions}. And, the use of the \textit{log-transform} allows to better capture \textit{long-tailed distributions} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:motivation_response}). It is worth pointing out that the average WD column shows some extreme numbers such as 46257 and 238155 comparing to 1197 of CTAB-GAN due to these algorithms generating extremely large values for long tail variables.
Besides divergence and distance, CTAB-GAN's synthetic data also maintains the best \textit{correlation}. The \textit{extended conditional vector} allows the generator to produce samples conditioned even on a given \textit{VGM mode} for \textit{continuous variables}. This increases the capacity to learn the \textit{conditional distribution} for \textit{continuous variables} and hence leads to an improvement in the overall feature interactions captured by the model.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Statistical similarity: three measures averaged over 5 datasets and three repetitions.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Avg JSD} & \textbf{Avg WD} & \textbf{Diff. Corr.} \\
\hline
\small{CTAB-GAN} & \textbf{0.062}& \textbf{1197} & \textbf{2.09} \\
\small{CTGAN} & 0.0704& 1769 & 2.73 \\
\small{TableGAN} & 0.0796& 2117 & 2.30 \\
\small{MedGAN} & 0.2135& 46257 & 5.48 \\
\small{CW-GAN} & 0.1318& 238155 & 5.82 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:SS_all}
\end{table}
\item \textbf{Privacy preservability}- The privacy results are shown in Tab.~\ref{table:PP_all}. It can be seen that the DCR and NNDR between real and synthetic data all indicate that generation from TableGAN has the shortest distance to real data (highest privacy risk).
Moreover, as we use distance-based algorithms to give an overview on privacy, the evaluation of privacy is relative to the utility. This is because, on the one hand, if the distance between real and synthetic data is too large, it simply means that the quality of generated data is poor. On the other hand, if the distance between real and synthetic data is too small, it simply means that there is a risk to reveal sensitive information from the training data.
Thus, the algorithm which allows for greater distances between real and synthetic data under equivalent ML utility and statistical similarity data should be considered. In that case, CTAB-GAN not only outperforms TableGAN in ML utility and statistic similarity, but also in all privacy preservability metrics by 11.6\% and 4.5\% for DCR and NNDR, respectively.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Privacy impact: between real and synthetic data (R\&S) and within real data (R) and synthetic data (S).}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Model}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{DCR}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{NNDR}} \\
\cline{2-7}
& \textbf{R\&S} & \textbf{R} & \textbf{S} & \textbf{R\&S} & \textbf{R} & \textbf{S}\\
\hline
CTAB-GAN & 1.118 & 0.428& 0.937 & 0.713 & 0.414 &0.591\\
CTGAN & 1.517 & 0.428& 1.026 & 0.763 & 0.414 &0.624 \\
TableGAN & 0.988 & 0.428& 0.920 & 0.681 & 0.414 &0.632\\
MedGAN & 1.918 & 0.428& 0.254 & 0.871 & 0.414 &0.393 \\
CW-GAN & 2.197 & 0.428& 1.124 & 0.847 & 0.414 &0.675\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:PP_all}
\end{table}
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Ablation analysis}
\label{Ch4:ablation}
To illustrate the efficiency of each strategy we implement an ablation study which cuts off the different components of CTAB-GAN one by one:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{w/o $\mathcal{C}$}- In this experiment, Classifier $\mathcal{C}$ and the corresponding classification loss for Generator $\mathcal{G}$ are taken away from CTAB-GAN
\item \textbf{w/o I. loss} (information loss)- In this experiment, we remove information loss from CTAB-GAN
\item \textbf{w/o MSN}- In this case, we substitute the mode specific normalization based on VGM for continuous variables with min-max normalization and use simple one-hot encoding for categorical variables. Here the conditional vector is the same as for CTGAN
\item \textbf{w/o LT}- (long tail). In this experiment, long tail treatment is no longer applied. This only affects datasets with long tailed columns, i.e. Credit and Intrusion.
\end{enumerate}
The results are compared with the baseline implementing all strategies. All experiments are repeated 3 times, and results are evaluated on the same 5 machine learning algorithms introduced in Sec.~\ref{Ch3:ml_efficacy}. We report the F1-score difference between CTAB-GAN and each above-mentioned experiments where the test datasets and evaluation flow are the same as shown in Sec.~\ref{Ch3:EC} and Sec.~\ref{Ch3:metrics}. Tab.~\ref{table:ablation} shows the results.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering F1-score difference to CTAB-GAN. CTAB-GAN column reports the absolute averaged F1-score as baseline.}
\label{table:ablation}
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Dataset} & \textbf{CTAB-GAN} & \textbf{w/o $\mathcal{C}$} & \textbf{w/o I. Loss} & \textbf{w/o MSN} & \textbf{w/o LT} \\
\hline
Adult & 0.704 & -0.01& -0.037 & -0.05 & - \\
Covertype & 0.532 & -0.018 & -0.184& -0.118 & - \\
Credit & 0.710 & +0.011& -0.177& +0.06 & 0.00 \\
Intrusion & 0.842&-0.031&-0.437&+0.003 & -0.074 \\
Loan & 0.803 &-0.044&+0.028&+0.013 & - \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{table}
Each part of CTAB-GAN has different impacts on different datasets as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{w/o $\mathcal{C}$}- has a negative impact for all datasets except Credit. Since Credit has only 30 continuous variables and one target variable, the semantic check can not be very effective.
\item \textbf{w/o I. loss}- has a positive impact for Loan, but results degenerate for all other datasets. It can even make the model especially unusable for Intrusion. This shows that the information loss is worse for smaller datasets and beneficial for larger datasets.
\item \textbf{w/o MSN}- performs worse for Covertype and Adult, has little impact for Intrusion and provides better results for the Credit and Loan datasets than the original CTAB-GAN. This is because out of 30 continuous variables in the Credit dataset, 28 are nearly single mode Gaussian distributed. Thus, the initialized high number of modes, i.e. 10, for each continuous variable (same setting as in CTGAN) degrades the estimation quality. Likewise, for the Loan dataset, the MSN encoding increases the input data dimensionality greatly thereby increasing the difficulty of learning from smaller sized dataset such as Loan.
\item \textbf{w/o LT}- has the biggest impact on Intrusion, since it contains 2 long tail columns which are seemingly important predictors for the target column. For Credit, the influence is limited. Even if the long tail treatment fits the \textit{amount} column well (see Sec.~\ref{Ch4:motivation_response}), this variable doesn't seem to be a strong predictor for the target column.
\end{enumerate}
In general, averaging the column values across all ablation tests results in a negative impact for the performance which justifies our design choices for CTAB-GAN.
\subsection{Results for Motivation Cases}
\label{Ch4:motivation_response}
After reviewing all the metrics, let us recall the three motivation cases from Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Challenges}.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Mixed data type variables}- Fig.~\ref{fig:motivationcases_response}(a) compares the real and CTAB-GAN generated data for variable \textit{Mortgage} in the Loan dataset. CTAB-GAN encodes this variable as mixed data-type. We can see that CTAB-GAN generates clear 0 values and the frequency is similar as in real distribution. Therefore, this is a result of using the mixed encoder combined with the extended conditional vector to control the sampling of the categorical component to correspond to the original data with greater similarity.
\item \textbf{Long tail distributions}- Fig.~\ref{fig:motivationcases_response}(b) compares the cumulative frequency graph for the \textit{Amount} variable in Credit. This variable is a typical long tail distribution. One can see that CTAB-GAN perfectly recovers the real distribution. Due to log-transform data pre-processsing, CTAB-GAN learns this structure significantly better than the state-of-the-art methods shown in Fig.~\ref{fig:motivationcases}(b).
\item \textbf{Skewed multi-mode continuous variables}-Fig.~\ref{fig:motivationcases_response}(c) compares the frequency distribution for the continuous variable \textit{Hours-per-week} from Adult. Except the dominant peak at 40, there are many side peaks. Fig.~\ref{fig:motivationcases}(c), shows that TableGAN, CW-GAN and MedGAN struggle since they can learn only a simple Gaussian distribution due to the lack of any special treatment for continuous variables. CTGAN, which also use VGM, can detect other modes. However, CTGAN is not as good as CTAB-GAN. The reason is that CTGAN lacks the mode of continuous variables in the conditional vector. By incorporating the mode of continuous variables into conditional vector, we can apply the training-by-sample and logarithm frequency also to modes. This gives the mode with less weight more chance to appear in the training and avoids the mode collapse.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[\centering Mortgage in Loan dataset~\cite{kaggleloan}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/bimodal_ctabgan_update.png}
\label{fig:ctabgan_bimodal}
}
\subfloat[\centering Amount in Credit dataset~\cite{kagglecredit}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/result_longtail.png}
\label{fig:longtail_result}
}
\subfloat[\centering Hours-per-week in Adult dataset~\cite{UCIdataset}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.335\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/result_gmm.png}
\label{fig:gmm_result}
}
\caption{ \centering Challenges of modeling industrial dataset using existing GAN-based table generator: (a) Mixed data type, (b) long tail distribution, and (c) Skewed multi-modal data}
\label{fig:motivationcases_response}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{Ch4:Conclusion}
Motivated by the importance of data sharing and fulfillment of governmental regulations, we propose CTAB-GAN -- a novel conditional GAN based tabular data generator. CTAB-GAN advances beyond the prior state-of-the-art methods by modeling mixed data-type variables and provides strong generation capabilities for long-tailed continuous variables and continuous variables with complex distributions.
To such ends, the core features of CTAB-GAN include (i) introduction of the classification and information loss into the conditional DCGAN, (ii) effective data encoding for mixed data-type variables, and (iii) a novel construction of conditional vectors.
We exhaustively evaluate CTAB-GAN against four tabular data generators on a wide range of metrics, namely ML utilities, statistical similarity and privacy preservation. The results show that the synthetic data of CTAB-GAN results into high utilities, high similarity and reasonable privacy guarantee, compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques. The improvement on complex datasets is up to 17\% in accuracy comparing to all state-of-the-art algorithms.
\chapter{Related Work $\&$ Preliminaries}\label{ch2}
This chapter begins with Sec.~\ref{Ch2:Related_work} discussing the relevant literature for tabular GANs and their differential private variants. And, Sec.~\ref{Ch2:TC} provides a brief primer on generative adversarial networks (GANs) and differential privacy (DP) in the context of tabular data.
\section{Related Work}
\label{Ch2:Related_work}
\resizebox{\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{forest}
for tree={
align=center,
edge+={thick},
draw,
fill=pink!60,
rounded corners=2pt,
drop shadow,
},
if level=0{
tikz={\draw [thick] (.children first) (.children last);}
}{},
[\textbf{GAN}
[
Tabular GAN\\~[Non-conditional GAN\\~[MedGAN\cite{choi2017generating}][TableGAN\cite{tablegan}]]
[Conditional GAN\\~[CTGAN\cite{ctgan}]
[CW-GAN\cite{engelmann2020conditional}]]
]
[DP-GAN\\~[PATE\cite{papernot2016semi}\\~[PATE-GAN\cite{pategan}]]
[DP-SGD\cite{abadi2016deep}\\~[Generator\\~[GS-WGAN\cite{chen2020gs}]]
[Discriminator\\~[DP-WGAN\cite{xie2018differentially}]]
]
]
]
]
]
\end{forest}
}
\subsection{Tabular GANs}
\label{Ch3:SOTA}
In this section, the focus is on GAN-based methods that deal with tabular data generation. These methods are featured extensively in the work done in \autoref{ch3} and \autoref{ch4}. Tab.~\ref{table:sota} details key features for each method.\\
\\
\textbf{MedGAN}- In the work done by \cite{choi2017generating} (2017), the authors propose a novel mechanism to synthetically generate Electronic Health Records (EHR) consisting of high dimensional categorical variables. Their model consists of using a combination of an auto-encoder and a generative adversarial network. They show that their model is capable of producing realistic synthetic patient records as evaluated via a qualitative medical expert review. Additionally, they empirically analyze the risk of violating privacy via identity and attribute disclosure attacks and conclude that the risk is manageable.
However, the MedGAN model cannot generate synthetic datasets outside the medical domain of Electronic Health Records which contain only categorical variables.\\
\\
\textbf{TableGAN}- In the work done by \cite{tablegan} (2018), the authors develop a tabular data synthesizer that is based on the \textit{DCGAN architecture} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:dcgan}). Their approach utilizes a separate classifier module in addition to the discriminator and generator modules commonly used in GAN-based frameworks. Moreover, their method relies on additional loss objective for the generator known as the \textit{classification} $\&$ \textit{information losses}, respectively (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:tabloss}).
However, TableGAN doesn't deal with generating categorical variables in a principled manner. This is because their approach involves mapping categorical variables to integers and treating them purely numerically.\\
\\
\textbf{CTGAN}- In the work done by \cite{ctgan} (2019), they introduce a novel conditional tabular GAN architecture as well as the training-by-sampling method (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:cgan}). These improvements allow the generator to more efficiently produce realistic samples for the minority categories found in discrete columns thereby producing synthetic records which match the real data distribution more closely. In addition, they introduce the mode-specific-normalization technique (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}) for learning complex numerical distributions. Lastly, their discriminator network is trained with WGAN loss with gradient penalty~\cite{gulrajani2017improved} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch5:WGAN}) for improved training of GANs.
However, the CTGAN model is incapable of dealing with missing values. This limits it's applicability in real-world scenarios where the data is often impure and contains a large number of missing values. Moreover, the authors also convey that learning from small training sets severely affects performance as well. \\
\\
\textbf{Conditional Wasserstein GAN}- In the work done by \cite{engelmann2020conditional} (2020), they propose the conditional Wasserstein GAN primarily for the purposes of data augmentation. Similar to TableGAN, they exploit the classification loss and augment it to the generator's loss objective. Moreover, their model also integrates cross-layers~\cite{wang2017deep} in both the discriminator and generator networks.
However, in their work, they do not make use of any activation functions for generating samples for numerical attributes. This makes it inherently difficult to constrain the generator's output to a meaningful range of values. Moreover, it can also lead to severely destabilizing the training process.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption[BB]{\centering State-of-the-Art Blueprint\footnotemark.}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Data format} & \textbf{Training method} & \textbf{Privacy analysis} & \textbf{Designated output} \\
\hline
MedGAN & Categorical Only & Auto-encoder + GAN & Yes & No \\
TableGAN & Categorical $\&$ Continuous & GAN + Classifier & Yes & No \\
CTGAN & Categorical $\&$ Continuous & Conditional-WGAN & No & Yes \\
CW-GAN & Categorical $\&$ Continuous & Conditional-WGAN + Classifier & No & Yes \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{table:sota}
\end{table}
\footnotetext{ Note that the designated output column is used to identify models which have the capacity to sample data-instances with user-defined categorical attributes.
}
\subsection{Differential Private GANs}
\label{Ch5:related_work}
In this section, relevant differential private GAN models are reviewed in relation to the work done in \autoref{ch5}. Tab.~\ref{Ch5:tab1} highlights key details of each model. \\
\\
\textbf{PATE-GAN}- In the work done by \cite{pategan} (2019), the authors devise a technique for integrating DP guarantees in tabular GANs via the Private Aggregation of Teacher Ensembles (PATE) framework~\cite{papernot2016semi}. In their approach, multiple teacher discriminators are trained using disjoint subsets of the training data along with a student discriminator where the aggregation of the teacher ensemble is done after perturbing the predictions of teacher discriminators using Laplacian noise.
However, PATE-GAN suffers from the following limitations: (i) the student discriminator is trained solely using generated samples and does not see any real samples. This is problematic because if the student discriminator only has access to the unrealistic samples generated by the generator, it won't provide reliable feedback to the generator so that it can improve it's sample quality (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch5:Res} for experimental evidence) and (ii) The PATE-GAN framework requires careful hyper-parameter tuning to select the number of teacher discriminators. \\
\\
\textbf{DP-WGAN}- In the work done by \cite{xie2018differentially} (2018), the authors incorporate differential privacy guarantees for wasserstein GANs wherein DP-SGD\cite{abadi2016deep} is applied for training the discriminator. Moreover, they make use of weight clipping to enforce the Lipschitz constraint on the discriminator so as to be compatible with the wasserstein loss.
However, the challenges with this approach lies in the fact that calibrating the DP specific hyper-parameters (i.e gradient norm clipping value) varies drastically based on differences in network architectures and training procedures. Additionally, clipping the weights of the discriminator has been found to cause convergence issues\cite{gulrajani2017improved}. \\
\\
\textbf{GS-WGAN}- In the work done by \cite{chen2020gs} (2020), the authors work towards training image GANs in a privacy preserving manner. Their novel contributions include utilising the wasserstein loss with gradient penalty\cite{gulrajani2017improved} to avoid hyper-parameter tuning of the clipping parameter and employing DP guarantees using DP-SGD\cite{abadi2016deep} for the generator network rather than the discriminator network. This is motivated by the fact that only the generator network is made publicly available after training the GAN model. Moreover, they propose a more precise approach for perturbing gradients of the generator by only manipulating those that are computed with respect to the training data so as to minimize the loss of gradient information. And lastly, they make use of the subsampled R\'enyi Differential Privacy (RDP) Accountant\cite{wang2019subsampled} to compute the privacy loss during training.
However, their work focuses only on DP training of the generator and offers no experimental analysis against privacy attacks.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Outline of all methodologies in this work.}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c| }
\hline
\textbf{Model} & \textbf{Loss} &\textbf{DP Site} & \textbf{Noise}& \textbf{Accountant} & \textbf{Data Format}\\
\hline
PATE-GAN & KL Divergence Loss & Discriminator & Laplacian & PATE Accountant & Table\\
DP-WGAN & Wasserstein Loss + Weight Clipping & Discriminator & Gaussian & RDP-Accountant & Image $\&$ Table \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Wasserstein Loss + Gradient Penalty & Discriminator & Gaussian & RDP-Accountant & Table\\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Wasserstein Loss + Gradient Penalty & Generator & Gaussian & RDP-Accountant & Table\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{Ch5:tab1}
\end{table}
\section{Background}
\label{Ch2:TC}
\subsection{GAN Designs}
\label{Ch4:TB}
\textbf{GAN}- \textbf{GANs} are a relatively recent breakthrough in machine learning and generative modelling. Unlike conventional machine learning algorithms that learn a conditional distribution of a class variable given the predictor variables (e.g., to solve a binary classification problem), the main purpose of GANs is to learn the joint distribution of the entire input data. In this way, using the learned joint distribution, the generated samples can be drawn to resemble the original input data.
GANs make use of two neural networks: the generator and the discriminator networks. The generator takes as input a random noise vector to synthesize data that closely resembles the real data. Whereas, the discriminator takes as input real/generated samples and acts a teacher assessing the output of the generator judging whether the generated samples are real or fake. Much like a supervisor providing feedback to a student about his/her work. The two models are trained together via an adversarial min-max game minimizing the loss of the generator while maximizing the loss of the discriminator expressed below~\cite{gan}:
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:gan}
\min_{\mathcal{G}}\max_{\mathcal{D}}V(\mathcal{G},\mathcal{D}) = \mathbb{E}[log\mathcal{D}(x)]_{x\sim p_{data}(x)} + \mathbb{E}[log(1-\mathcal{D}(\mathcal{G}(z)))]_{z \sim p(z)}
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{G}$ $\&$ $\mathcal{D}$ represent the generator and discriminator networks, respectively. Furthermore, $p_{data}$ denotes the real data distribution and $p(z)$ denotes a prior distribution (i.e $\mathcal{N}(0,I)$) with latent vector $z$. And, $\mathcal{D}$ outputs a scalar in the range [0,1].
\textbf{Tabular GANs} are simply GANs that are used to generate tabular formatted datasets. As an example, consider an SQL table used to store employee information. In this setting, each entry in the table is an independent sample obtained from the joint distribution of all the employees. The goal of tabular GANs is to learn such a joint distribution to subsequently synthesize data that matches the original. Fig.~\ref{fig:STD} illustrates this process.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[scale=.20]{Figures/Ch_3/STD.png}
\caption{\centering Synthetic Tabular Data Generation via GANs}
\label{fig:STD}
\end{figure}\\
\textbf{DCGAN\cite{radford2015unsupervised}}-\label{Ch4:dcgan} The \textbf{DCGAN architecture} is an extension of the standard GAN architecture which makes use of \textit{convolutional} and \textit{convolutional-transpose layers} in the discriminator and generator, respectively. It is a widely used stable GAN architecture that has proven to be useful for generating images as well as tabular data~\cite{tablegan}.
The generator network of \textit{DCGAN} consists of stacks of \textit{strided 2D convolutional transpose layers} followed by a \textit{2d batch norm layer} and a \textit{ReLU activation function}. The final output of the generator is passed through a \textit{Tanh activation function} to bring the values in the original range of $[-1,1]$ (for representing images). The generator takes as input a random noise vector of arbitrary length and returns an image with the same spatial dimensions as the original dataset.
Whereas, the discriminator network is composed of stacks of \textit{2d convolutional layers}, \textit{2d batch norm} and \textit{LeakyReLU layers} with a leaky ratio of $0.20$ with the final output being passed through a \textit{sigmoid activation function}. The discriminator takes as input real/fake images and outputs the probability of any particular sample being real or synthetic.
Lastly, it is worth noting that the presence of \textit{batch normalisation} in both the generator and discriminator networks is a key contribution of the authors that leads to a stable flow of gradients for training \textit{DCGAN} reliably. \\
\\
\textbf{Conditional GAN $\&$ Training-by-Sampling\cite{ctgan}}-\label{Ch4:cgan} To address the problem of imbalanced categorical variables in real-world datasets, the \textit{conditional generator}, \textit{generator loss} and \textit{training-by-sampling} are introduced in the work of \cite{ctgan}. The main idea behind these techniques stems from the use an additional vector, termed as the \textit{conditional vector}, to represent the classes of categorical variables. This vector is both fed to the generator and used to bound the sampling of the real training samples to subsets satisfying the condition. Moreover, the conditions are sampled in such a way so as to give higher chances to minority classes while training the model. These concepts are explained in greater detail below. \\
\\
The \textbf{Conditional GAN} features a \textbf{conditional generator} whose generated samples come from a \textit{conditional probability distribution} $\hat{r} \sim \mathbb{P}_{\mathcal{G}}(row|C_{i^{*}}=c^{*})$ where, $c^{*}$ is a particular class within the $i^{th}$ categorical variable
$C_{i^{*}}$. Intuitively, this corresponds to generating a row given a chosen class for a selected categorical variable. To represent this condition (i.e., $C_{i^{*}}=c^{*}$), the \textit{conditional vector} is used.
To construct the \textit{conditional vector}, \cite{ctgan} treats all categorical variables $C_{1},...,C_{N_c}$ as one-hot vectors $c_1,...,c_{N_c}$ where $N_c$ represents the total number of categorical variables. Let the $i^{th}$ one-hot vector and it's corresponding $mask$ vector be denoted as $c_i=[c_i^{(k)}]$, for $k = 1,...,|C_i|$ $\&$ $m_{i}=[m_i^{(k)}]$, for $k = 1,...,|C_i|$, respectively. The condition is then expressed using the $masks$ for each one-hot vector as: $m_i^{(k)} = \{1, $ if $ i=i^{*}$ $\&$ $k=k^{*}$, else $0\}$ where $i^{*}$ is a chosen categorical variable and $k^{*}$ is the selected class within variable $i^{*}$. Thus, the \textit{conditional vector} is represented as: $cond = m_{1}\oplus...\oplus m_{N_{c}}$ where $\oplus$ is the concatenation operator. As an example, consider two categorical variables $C_1= [0,1]$ and $C_2=[0,1]$, if the condition is $C_1=0$, the corresponding $masks$ will be $m_1 = [1,0]$ $\&$ $m_2=[0,0]$ to result in a \textit{conditional vector} i.e., $cond=[1,0,0,0]$. \\
\\
Next, \cite{ctgan} uses the \textbf{generator loss} to ensure that the \textit{conditional generator} generates samples that match the constraint provided by the \textit{conditional vector}. As an example, consider the $mask$ $m_i = [1,0]$ for a particular categorical variable $i$. Given this condition, the \textit{conditional generator} should ideally similarly output a data row where the $0^{th}$ class for the $i^{th}$ categorical variable is produced leading to a matching generated $mask$ $\hat{m}_{i} = [1,0]$. Thus, if $m_{i}$ represents the conditional $mask$ for the selected one-hot-encoded variable $i$ associated for a given data row and $\hat{m}_{i}$ denotes the corresponding generated $mask$, the \textit{generator loss} denoted as $\mathcal{L}_{generator}^{G}$ is formally represented as: $H(m_{i}, \hat{m}_{i})$ where $H(.)$ is the \textit{cross-entropy loss}. Therefore, in this manner, the added loss acts as a soft constraint for enforcing that the generated samples are aligned with their corresponding \textit{conditional vectors.}\\
\\
Finally, the \textbf{training-by-sampling} method is used to sample the \textit{conditional vector} in such a way so that the model can explore all possible classes present in categorical variables evenly during training. Thus, the sampling procedure for generating a condition is as follows:
\begin{enumerate}
\item Out of $N_c$ categorical variables, a column $C_{i^{*}}$ is uniformly chosen at random with probability $1/N_{c}$.
\item Based on the chosen column $C_{i^{*}}$, a probability mass function (PMF) is created after applying a \textit{log-transformation} to the frequency of individual classes within column $C_{i^{*}}$ where the log-transform naturally leads to an over-sampling of minority classes.
\item On the basis of the constructed PMF described above, a class $c^{*}$ is sampled for the selected column $C_{i^{*}}$. Thus the condition $C_{i^{*}}=c^{*}$ and it's corresponding \textit{conditional vector} $cond$ is formed.
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{GAN Loss Objectives}
\textbf{Wasserstein Loss with Gradient Penalty\cite{gulrajani2017improved}}-\label{Ch5:WGAN} The \textbf{wasserstein loss} first proposed in the work of \cite{pmlr-v70-arjovsky17a} (2017) provides greater stability for training GANs as compared to the classical KL divergence loss (as shown in Eq.~\ref{eq:gan}). In contrast to the KL divergence loss, the proposed loss function remains continuous and differentiable for measuring the similarity of probability distributions with non-overlapping support. Therefore, it is capable of providing more meaningful gradients for training the generator especially for cases where the probability distribution of generated samples is highly dissimilar to the real probability distribution. Formally, the wasserstein loss may be expressed as minimizing the integral probability metrics (IPMs)
$sup_{f\in\mathcal{F}}|\int_{M}fd\mathbb{P}_r - \int_{M}fd\mathbb{P}_g|$ between real($\mathbb{P}_r$) and generated ($\mathbb{P}_g$) data distributions, where $\mathcal{F}=\{f:||f||_{L}\leq 1\}$ enforces the discriminator function $f$ to be 1-Lipschitz continuous. In practice, \cite{pmlr-v70-arjovsky17a} proposed weight clipping to enforce the Lipschitz constraint on the discriminator by clamping the weights of the discriminator to lie within a compact space $[-c,c]$ where $c$ is the clipping threshold.
However, \cite{gulrajani2017improved} proposed the \textbf{gradient penalty term} as an alternative to weight clipping. As they found that weight clipping may lead to convergence issues by biasing the discriminator towards simpler functions or causing exploding/vanishing gradients. Motivated by their theoretical proof illustrating that an optimal discriminator naturally possesses a gradient norm of 1 almost everywhere under real and generated distributions, $\mathbb{P}_r$ and $\mathbb{P}_g$ respectively, the authors define the discriminator to be 1-Lipschitz continuous if and only if, it has gradients with norm at most 1 everywhere. They then enforce 1-Lipschitz continuity of the discriminator by adding a soft constraint during training to constrain the gradient norm of the discriminator's output with respect to it's input. Originally the authors define the input (i.e random samples $\hat{x}\sim\mathbb{P}_{\hat{x}}$) as sampling along the straight lines between pair of points sampled from the original data distribution $\mathbb{P}_{r}$ and the generator distribution $\mathbb{P}_{g}$. Thus, the training objectives $\mathcal{L}_D$ $\&$ $\mathcal{L}_G$ for the discriminator and generator are expressed as:
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}_{D} = \underbrace{\mathbb{E}_{\Tilde{x}\sim\mathbb{P}_g}[D(\Tilde{x})]-\mathbb{E}_{x\sim\mathbb{P}_{r}}[D(x)]}_{\text{Wasserstein loss}}+\underbrace{\tau\mathbb{E}_{\hat{x}\sim\mathbb{P}_{\hat{x}}}[(||\nabla_{\hat{x}}D(\hat{x})||_{2}-1)^{2}]}_{\text{Gradient penalty}}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{L}_{G}= -\mathbb{E}_{\Tilde{x}\sim\mathbb{P}_g}[D(G(\Tilde{x}))]
\end{equation}
where $D$ is the set of 1-Lipschitz functions defining the discriminator network, $G$ represents the generator network and $\tau$ is the penalty coefficient.\\
\\
\textbf{Classification $\&$ Information Losses\cite{tablegan}}-\label{Ch4:tabloss} The \textbf{classification loss} requires to add to the GAN architecture an \textit{auxiliary classifier} in parallel to the discriminator. Moreover, the \textit{auxiliary classifier} is trained alongside the discriminator and generator and usually features the same neural architecture as the discriminator~\cite{acgan}. It's primarily used to output predicted class labels for each synthesized record.
The \textit{classification loss} quantifies the discrepancy between the synthesized and predicted class labels. This helps to increase the semantic integrity of synthetic records. For instance, (sex=female, disease=prostate cancer) is not a semantically correct record as women do not have a prostate, and no such record should appear in the original data and is hence not learnt by the classifier\cite{tablegan}. Therefore, it provides the generator a useful signal to generate valid class labels for synthetic data records.
$\mathcal{L}_{class}^{C} = \mathbb{E}[|l(x)-\mathcal{C}(fe(x))|]_{x \sim p_{data}(x)}$
$\&$ $\mathcal{L}_{class}^{G} = \mathbb{E}[|l(G(z))-\mathcal{C}(fe(G(z)))|]_{z \sim p(z)}$ correspond to training the classifier (i.e., $\mathcal{C}$) and generator (i.e., $\mathcal{G}$), respectively, where $l(.)$ is a function that returns the class label of any given data row and $fe(.)$ deletes the class feature of that data row.\\
\\
The \textbf{information loss} penalizes the discrepancy between statistics of the generated data and the real data. This helps to generate data which is statistically closer to the real one. Moreover, the information loss stabilizes the training of the generator by providing a new objective for the generator that prevents it from over-training on the current discriminator~\cite{salimans2016improved}.
For computing the \textit{information loss}, let $f_x$ and $f_{\mathcal{G}(z)}$ denote the resulting features obtained from the penultimate layer of a discriminator denoted as $\mathcal{D}$ for a real and generated sample, respectively. Thus, the \textit{information loss} for the generator (i.e., $\mathcal{G}$) is expressed as:
$\mathcal{L}_{info}^{G}= \mathcal{L}_{mean} + \mathcal{L}_{sd}$ where $\mathcal{L}_{mean} = ||\mathbb{E}[f_x]_{x \sim p_{data}(x)} - \mathbb{E}[f_{\mathcal{G}(z)}]_{z \sim p(z)}||_{2}$ and $\mathcal{L}_{sd} = ||\mathbb{SD}[f_x]_{x \sim p_{data}(x)} - \mathbb{SD}[f_{\mathcal{G}(z)}]_{z \sim p(z)}||_{2}$. And, $\mathbb{E}$ and $\mathbb{SD}$ denote the mean and standard deviations of the features, respectively.
Note that for all the above loss equations, $p_{data}$ is used to denote the real data distribution and $p(z)$ is a prior distribution over the latent noise vector $z$ that is fed to the generator.
\subsection{Data Transformation}
\textbf{Mode-Specific Normalisation}-\label{Ch4:msn} The \textbf{mode-specific normalization (MSN)}~\cite{ctgan} technique developed in the work of \cite{ctgan} is invented to deal with multiple peaks in \textit{multi-modal} continuous variables. The MSN acts as a \textit{reversible transformation} that helps to represent complicated numerical distributions and generate synthetic data with greater fidelity.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[\centering Fitting VGM on a continuous variable ]{
\includegraphics[width=0.20\columnwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/fit_vgm.png}
\label{fig:vgm}
}
\subfloat[\centering Selecting a mode for a single value in a continuous variable]{
\includegraphics[width=0.20\columnwidth]{Figures/Ch_4/select_mode.png}
\label{fig:vgm_single}
}
\caption{\centering MSN encoding for continuous variables}
\label{fig:gmm_distribution_continuous}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
A continuous variable is processed using a \textit{variational Gaussian mixture model (VGM)}~\cite{prml} to estimate the number of modes $k$, e.g., $k=2$ in the example provided(see Fig.~\ref{fig:gmm_distribution_continuous}(a)), and fits a Gaussian mixture model. The learned Gaussian mixture model can be formally expressed as: $\mathbb{P} = \sum_{k=1}^{2} \omega_k \mathcal{N}(\mu_k, \sigma_k)$, where $\mathcal{N}$ is the normal distribution and $\omega_k$, $\mu_k$ and $\sigma_k$ are the weight, mean and standard deviation of each mode, respectively.
To encode values of a continuous variable, each value is associated and normalized based on the mode for which it has highest probability to belong to (see Fig.~\ref{fig:gmm_distribution_continuous}(b)). Given $\rho_1$ and $\rho_2$ being the probability density from the two modes in correspondence of the value $\tau$ to encode, the mode with the highest probability is selected. In the provided example $\rho_1$ is higher and so mode $1$ is used to normalize $\tau$. The normalized value $\alpha$ is: $\alpha = \frac{\tau - \mu_1}{4\sigma_1}$. Moreover the mode used to encode $\tau$ is tracked via one-hot encoding $\beta$, e.g. $\beta = [1,0]$ in the given example. The final encoding is giving by the concatenation of $\alpha$ and $\beta$: $\alpha \bigoplus \beta$, where $\bigoplus$ is the vector concatenation operator.
\subsection{Differential Privacy}
\label{Ch5:background}
This section presents formal definitions and theorems pertaining to differential privacy that are relevant for this work.\\
\\
\textbf{Definition 2.2.1} (Differential Privacy\cite{dwork2008differential}) A randomized mechanism \( \mathcal{M} \) with range \( \mathcal{R} \) is $(\epsilon,\delta)$-DP, if
\begin{equation}
P[\mathcal{M}(S)\in \mathcal{O}] \leq e^{\epsilon}.P[\mathcal{M}(S')\in \mathcal{O}] + \delta
\end{equation}
holds for any subset of outputs $\mathcal{O} \subseteq \mathcal{R}$ and for any adjacent datasets S and S', where S and S' differ from each other with only one training example.
Note that, $\mathcal{M}$, for the purposes of this work corresponds to a tabular GAN model and $(\epsilon,\delta)$ represents the privacy budget. Intuitively, DP tries to minimize the influence of any individual data point on the training of tabular GANs with lower values of $(\epsilon,\delta)$ providing greater privacy protection.
\\
\\
\textbf{Definition 2.2.2} (R\'enyi Differential Privacy (RDP)\cite{mironov2017renyi}) A randomized mechanism \( \mathcal{M} \) is $(\lambda,\epsilon)$-RDP with order $\lambda$, if
\begin{equation}
D_{\lambda}(\mathcal{M}(S)||\mathcal{M}(S')) = \frac{1}{\lambda-1}log\mathbb{E}_{x\sim\mathcal{M}(S)} \left[ \left(\frac{P[\mathcal{M}(S)=x]}{P[\mathcal{M}(S')=x]} \right) \right]^{\lambda-1}\leq\epsilon
\end{equation}
holds for any adjacent datasets S and S', where
\small
$D_\lambda(P||Q)=\frac{1}{\lambda-1}log\mathbb{E}_{x\sim Q}[(P(x)/Q(x))^\lambda]$ \normalsize represents the R\'enyi divergence. In addition, a $(\lambda,\epsilon)$-RDP mechanism \( \mathcal{M} \) can be expressed as $(\epsilon+\frac{log1/\delta}{\lambda-1},\delta)$\normalsize-DP.
RDP was proposed to alleviate the shortcomings of DP while dealing with the composition of randomized mechanisms that rely on the application of gaussian noise. RDP is a strictly stronger privacy definition than DP as it provides tighter bounds for tracking the cumulative privacy loss over a sequence of mechanisms such as differential private stochastic gradient descent which is performed multiple times during training.
\\
\\
\textbf{Theorem 2.2.1} (Composition\cite{mironov2017renyi}) For a sequence of mechanisms $ \mathcal{M}_{1},...,\mathcal{M}_{k}$ such that $\mathcal{M}_{i}$ is $(\lambda,\epsilon_i)$-RDP $\forall i$, the composition $\mathcal{M}_{1}\circ ... \circ \mathcal{M}_{k}$ is $(\lambda,\sum_{i}\epsilon_{i})$-RDP.
\\
\\
\textbf{Definition 2.2.3} (Gaussian Mechanism\cite{dwork2014algorithmic,mironov2017renyi}) Let $f : X \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{d}$ be an arbitrary d-dimensional function with sensitivity being:
\begin{equation}
\Delta_{2}f = \max_{S,S'}||f(S) - f(S')||_{2}
\end{equation}
over all adjacent datasets S and S'. The Gaussian Mechanism \( \mathcal{M}_{\sigma} \), parameterized by $\sigma$, adds into the output, i.e.,
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{M}_{\sigma}(x) = f(x) + \mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^{2}I)
\end{equation}
where $\mathcal{N}$ denotes a Gaussian distribution with mean 0 and covariance $\sigma^{2}I$. Thus, \( \mathcal{M} \) is considered to be $(\lambda,\frac{\lambda\Delta_{2}f^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}})$-RDP.
The Gaussian mechanism described above forms the basis on which differential privacy is integrated for training tabular GANs in this work.
\\
\\
\textbf{Theorem 2.2.2} (Post Processing\cite{dwork2014algorithmic}) If \( \mathcal{M} \) satisfies $(\epsilon,\delta)$-DP, $F\circ\mathcal{M}$ will satisfy $(\epsilon,\delta)$-DP
for any function F with $\circ$ denoting the composition operator.
As a result of the post processing theorem, it suffices to ensure that one of the networks for tabular GANs (i.e., either the discriminator or the generator network) is trained with DP guarantees to guarantee that the overall algorithm is compatible with differential privacy.
\\
\\
\textbf{Theorem 2.2.3} (RDP for Subsampled Mechanisms\cite{wang2019subsampled}) Given a dataset containing $n$ data points with domain $\mathcal{X}$ and a randomized mechanism $\mathcal{M}$ that takes an input from $\mathcal{X}^{m}$ for $m \geq n$, let the randomized algorithm $\mathcal{M}\circ\textbf{subsample}$ be defined as: (i) \textbf{subsample}: subsample without replacement $m$ data points of the database (with subsampling rate $\gamma = m/n$); (ii) apply $\mathcal{M}$: a randomized algorithm taking the subsampled dataset as the input.
Thus, for all integers $\lambda \geq 2 $, if $\mathcal{M}$ is $(\lambda,\epsilon(\lambda))$-RDP, then $\mathcal{M}\circ\textbf{subsample}$ is $(\lambda,\epsilon'(\lambda))$-RDP where
\begin{equation}
\begin{aligned}
& \epsilon'(\lambda) & \leq \frac{1}{\lambda-1}log\bigg(1 + \gamma^{2}\binom{\lambda}{2}\min\left\{4(e^{\epsilon(2)}-1),e^{\epsilon(2)}\min\{2,(e^{\epsilon(\infty)}-1)^{2}\}\right\} \\
& & + \sum_{j=3}^{\lambda}\gamma^{j} \binom{\lambda}{j}e^{(j-1)\epsilon(j)}\min\{2,(e^{\epsilon(\infty)-1)^{j})}\}\bigg)
\end{aligned}
\end{equation}
Subsampling is a useful technique to strengthen the privacy guarantees offered by a randomized mechanism $\mathcal{M}$.
\subsection{DP via Differential Private SGD\cite{abadi2016deep}}
\label{Ch5:DPSGD}
The DP-SGD technique enables training neural networks with differential privacy guarantees and uses noisy stochastic gradient descent as a means to limit the influence of individual training samples. Algorithm 1 specifies how this technique is used for training a network with parameters $\theta$ by minimizing the empirical loss function $\mathcal{L}(\theta)$. For every iteration of SGD, the gradients $\Delta\mathcal{L}(
\theta; x_i)$ are calculated for some random subset of real data points. After which the L2 norm of the gradients are clipped. Finally noise is added to the gradients to preserve privacy and the parameters $\theta$ are updated via gradient descent.
\begin{algorithm}[htb]
\textbf{Input:} Data points $\{x_1,...,x_N\}$, loss function \small$\mathbb{\mathcal{L}}(\theta) = \frac{1}{N}\sum_{i}\mathbb{\mathcal{L}}(\theta,x_i)$. \normalsize
Hyper-parameters: learning rate $\eta_{t}$, noise scale $\sigma$, batch size $B$, gradient norm bound $C$.\\
\textbf{Initialize} $\theta_{0}$ randomly\;
\For{$t \in [T]$}{
Take a random sample $B_t$ with sampling probability $B/N$\;
\textbf{Compute Gradient}\:
For each $i \in B_{t}$, compute $g_{t}(x_{i})\leftarrow\nabla_{\theta_{t}}\mathcal{L}(\theta_{t},x_{i})$\:
\textbf{Clip gradient}\:
$\bar{g}_{t}\leftarrow g_{t}(x_i)/\max(1,\frac{||g_t(x_i)||_{2}}{C})$
\textbf{Add noise}\:
$\Tilde{g}_{t}\leftarrow\frac{1}{L}(\sum_{i}\bar{g}_{t}(x_i)+\mathcal{N}(0,\sigma^{2}C^{2}I))$
\textbf{Descent}\:
$\theta_{t+1}\leftarrow\theta_t-\eta_t\Tilde{g}_t$
}
\textbf{Output:}$\theta_{T}$ and final privacy cost $(\epsilon,\delta)$ computed using a privacy accountant.
\caption{\centering Differential Private SGD\cite{abadi2016deep}}
\label{Ch5:DPSGD-Algo}
\end{algorithm}
\chapter{Exploratory Study of Related Work}\label{ch3}
\section{Introduction}
This chapter tackles the first research question introduced in Sec.~\ref{Ch1:research_question}. Thus, Sec.~\ref{Ch3:EC} elicits an empirical quantitative analysis of four state-of-the-art tabular GANs with respect to three core evaluation criteria as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item Statistical similarity with original data
\item Utility for Machine Learning (ML) applications
\item Privacy preservability
\end{itemize}
And, Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Challenges} introduces major challenges faced by current state-of-the-art methods. Finally, Sec.~\ref{Ch3:Conclusion} ends the chapter with a brief summary.
\section{Empirical Comparison}
\label{Ch3:EC}
\subsection{Datasets}
\label{Ch3:DD}
Five commonly used machine learning datasets were used to perform this experimental study,. Three of them -- \href{http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/adult}{Adult}, \href{https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/covertype}{Covertype} and \href{http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/kdd+cup+1999+data}{Intrusion} -- are from the UCI machine learning repository~\cite{UCIdataset}. The other two --\href{https://www.kaggle.com/mlg-ulb/creditcardfraud}{Credit} and \href{https://www.kaggle.com/itsmesunil/bank-loan-modelling}{Loan} -- are from Kaggle\footnote{https://www.kaggle.com/datasets}. All five tabular datasets have a target variable, for which the rest of the variables are used to perform classification. Due to computing resource limitations, 50K rows of data are sampled randomly in a stratified manner with respect to the target variable for Covertype, Credit and Intrusion datasets.
However, the Adult and Loan datasets are not sampled. The details of each dataset are shown in Tab.~\ref{table:DDE}. One thing to notice here is that we assume that the user already knows the data type of each variable for every dataset before training. \cite{ctgan} holds the same assumptions.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption[DD]{\centering Description of Datasets\footnotemark.}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{ |c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c| }
\hline
\textbf{Dataset} & \textbf{Train/Test Split} &\textbf{Target Variable} & \textbf{$\mbox{Continuous}$} & \textbf{$\mbox{Binary}$} & \textbf{$\mbox{Multi-class}$} & \textbf{$\mbox{Mixed-type}$}& \textbf{$\mbox{Long-tail}$}\\
\hline
{Adult} & 39k/9k & 'income' & 3 & 2 & 7 & 2 & 0\\
\hline
Covertype & 45k/5k & 'Cover\_Type' & 10 & 44 & 1 & 0 & 0\\\hline
Credit & 40k/10k & 'Class' & 30 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 1 \\\hline
Intrusion & 45k/5k & 'Class' & 22 & 6 & 14 & 0 & 2 \\\hline
Loan & 4k/1k & 'PersonalLoan' & 5 & 5 & 2 & 1 & 0 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{table:DDE}
\end{table}
\footnotetext{ Refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:data_representation} $\&$ Sec.~\ref{Ch4:longgtail} for details for Mixed-type and Long-tail, respectively. Note that these data-types are simply treated as continuous with respect to the baselines evaluated in this chapter.
}
\subsection{Baselines}
\label{Ch3:Baselines}
We evaluate 4 state-of-the-art GAN-based tabular data generators: CTGAN, TableGAN, CW-GAN $\&$ MedGAN. Tab.~\ref{table:sota} stresses on the key features of each baseline.
To have a fair comparison, all algorithms are implemented in Pytorch, with the generator and discriminator structures matching the descriptions provided in their respective papers with the exception of the MedGAN model which was extended to deal with continuous variables as well.\footnote{Note that the code-base for all the models was found here- \url{https://github.com/sdv-dev/SDGym}} All algorithms are trained using a batch size of 500 rows for 150 epochs for Adult, Covertype, Credit and Intrusion datasets, whereas the algorithms are trained for 300 epochs on Loan dataset. This is because, the Loan dataset is significantly smaller than the others containing only 5000 rows and requires a longer training time to converge. Lastly, each experiment is repeated 3 times.
\subsection{Environment}
Experiments are run under Ubuntu 20.04 on a machine equipped with 32 GB memory, a GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU and a 10-core Intel i9 CPU.
\subsection{Evaluation metrics}
\label{Ch3:metrics}
The evaluation is conducted on three dimensions: (1) machine learning (ML) utility, (2) statistical similarity and (3) privacy preservability. The first two are used to evaluate if the synthetic data can be used as a good proxy of the original data. The third criterion sheds light on the nearest neighbour distances within and between the original and synthetic datasets, respectively.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Machine learning (ML) utility}-
\label{Ch3:ml_efficacy}
To quantify the ML utility, we compare the performance achieved by 5 widely used machine learning algorithms on real versus synthetic data: decision tree classifier, linear support-vector-machine (SVM), random forest classifier, multinomial logistic regression and MLP. We use Python and scikit-learn 0.24.2.
We set max-depth to 28 for decision tree and random forest models. MLP uses one 128 neuron hidden layer. All other hyper-parameters use their default value. For a fair compassion, all hyper-parameters and ML models are fixed across all datasets. Due to this our results can differ slightly from~\cite{ctgan} where the authors use different ML models and hyper-parameters for each dataset.
First we split the original data into training and test sets (see Fig.~\ref{fig:settingA}). The training set is used as real data to train the GAN models. Once the training is finished, we use it to synthesize data with the same size as the training set. The synthetic and real training datasets are then used to train two separate instances of the 5 machine learning models from above. The ML utility is measured via difference in accuracy, F1-score and area under the ROC between model pairs trained on the real and synthetic data. The aim of this design is to test how close the ML utility is when we train a machine learning model using the synthetic data vs the real data.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.7\columnwidth]{Figures/Ch_3/testing_flow_design.png}
\caption{\centering Evaluation flows for ML utility}
\label{fig:settingA}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\end{figure}
\item \textbf{Statistical Similarity}- Three metrics are used to quantitatively measure the statistical similarity between the real and synthetic data.
\textit{Jensen-Shannon divergence (JSD)}~\cite{jsd}- The JSD provides a measure to quantify the difference between the probability mass distributions of individual categorical variables belonging to the real and synthetic datasets, respectively. Moreover, this metric is bounded between 0 and 1 and is symmetric allowing for an easy interpretation of results.
\textit{Wasserstein distance (WD)}~\cite{wgan_test}- In similar vein, the Wasserstein distance is used to capture how well the distributions of individual continuous/mixed variables are emulated by synthetically produced datasets in correspondence to real datasets. We use WD because we found that the JSD metric was numerically unstable for evaluating the quality of continuous variables, especially when there is no overlap between the synthetic and original dataset. Hence, we resorted to utilize the more stable Wasserstein distance.
\textit{Difference in pair-wise correlation (Diff. Corr.)}-
To evaluate how well feature interactions are preserved in the synthetic datasets, we first compute the pair-wise correlation matrix for the columns within real and synthetic datasets individually. To measure the correlation between any two continuous features, the Pearson correlation coefficient is used. It ranges between $[-1,+1]$. Similarly, the Theil uncertainty coefficient is used to measure the correlation between any two categorical features. It ranges between $[0,1]$. Lastly, the correlation ratio between categorical and continuous variables is used. It also ranges between $[0,1]$. Note that the dython\footnote{\url{http://shakedzy.xyz/dython/modules/nominal/\#compute\_associations}} library is used to compute these metrics. Finally, the differences between the pair-wise correlation matrices for the real and synthetic datasets is computed.
\item \textbf{Privacy preservability}- To quantify the privacy preservability, we resort to distance metrics (instead of differential privacy~\cite{pategan}) as they are intuitive and easy to understand by data science practitioners. Specifically, the following two metrics are used to evaluate the privacy risk associated with synthetic datasets.
\textit{Distance to Closest Record (DCR)}- The DCR is used to measure the Euclidean distance between any synthetic record and its closest corresponding real neighbour. Ideally, the higher the DCR the lesser the risk of privacy breach. Furthermore, the $5^{th}$ percentile of this metric is computed to provide a robust estimate of the privacy risk.
\textit{Nearest Neighbour Distance Ratio (NNDR)}~\cite{nndr}- Instead of only measuring the closest neighbour, the NNDR measures the ratio between the Euclidean distance for the closest and second closest real neighbour to any corresponding synthetic record. This ratio is within $[0,1]$. Higher values indicate better privacy. Low NNDR values between synthetic and real data may reveal sensitive information from the closest real data record. Fig.~\ref{fig:nndr} illustrates the case. Hence, this ratio helps to evaluate the privacy risk with greater depth and better certainty. Note that the $5^{th}$ percentile is computed here as well.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\columnwidth]{Figures/Ch_3/NNDR.png}
\caption{ \centering Illustration of NNDR metric with its privacy risk implications}
\label{fig:nndr}
\end{figure}
\end{enumerate}
\subsection{Results}
\label{Ch3:Results}
In this sub-section, the experimental results for each data-synthesizer are shown based on the aforementioned evaluation criteria.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{ML Utility}- Tab. \ref{table:ML_allE} shows that the TableGAN model outperforms the other models by achieving the least differences in all three metrics used to measure ML utility (i.e Accuracy, F1-score and AUC). This surprising result shows that it can even outperform the more recent conditional GAN architectures such as CTGAN and CW-GAN. The results shown here suggests that the deep convolution architecture employed in the TableGAN model achieves the most formidable results. Therefore, it is worth exploring the benefits of utilising this type of architecture to further improve the performance of other models such as CTGAN.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Difference of ML accuracy (\%), F1-score, and AUC between original and synthetic data: average over 5 different datasets and 3 replications.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Accuracy} & \textbf{F1-score} & \textbf{AUC} \\
\hline
\small{CTGAN} &21.51\% & 0.274 & 0.253 \\
\small{TableGAN} &\textbf{11.40\%} & \textbf{0.130} & \textbf{0.169} \\
\small{MedGAN} & 14.11\%& 0.282& 0.285 \\
\small{CW-GAN} & 20.06\%& 0.354 & 0.299 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:ML_allE}
\end{table}
\item \textbf{Statistical similarity}- Tab. \ref{table:SS_allE} shows that the CTGAN data-synthesizer achieves the best average JSD for categorical columns along with the the best average wasserstein distance for continuous columns. This highlights that a conditional architecture accompanied by the training-by-sampling method along with mode specific normalisation for continuous variables is directly beneficial for improving statistical similarity of synthetically produced datasets. However, it should be noted the TableGAN model performs best in terms of maintaining the least correlation distance with the CTGAN model performing slightly worse at second place. This slight difference could yet again be attributed towards the \textit{DCGAN neural network architecture} that makes use of \textit{strided convolutions} which enables the receptive field to grow larger after each layer thereby extracting useful global correlations in the data.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Statistical similarity: three measures averaged over 5 datasets and three repetitions.}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Method} & \textbf{Avg JSD} & \textbf{Avg WD} & \textbf{Diff. Corr.} \\
\hline
\small{CTGAN} & \textbf{0.0704} & \textbf{1769} & 2.73 \\
\small{TableGAN} & 0.0796& 2117 & \textbf{2.30} \\
\small{MedGAN} & 0.2135& 46257 & 5.48 \\
\small{CW-GAN} & 0.1318& 238155 & 5.82 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:SS_allE}
\vspace{-0.5em}
\end{table}
\item \textbf{Privacy Impact}- Tab. \ref{table:PP_allCh3} highlights that the CW-GAN and MedGAN models maintain the safest distance in terms of the DCR and NNDR metrics between real and synthetic datasets. Furthermore, by analyzing the DCR and NNDR metrics within synthetic data, we see that the CW-GAN model produces the most diverse samples whereas the MedGAN model produces the least diverse samples among all the data-synthesizers suggesting that it most likely suffers from mode-collapse. Lastly, it is worth mentioning that the results also show that privacy and ML utility are fundamentally inversely related as models such as CTGAN and TableGAN which perform well in terms of ML utility are naturally worse in terms of privacy.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Privacy impact: between real and synthetic data (R\&S) and within real data (R) and synthetic data (S).}
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{\textbf{Model}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{DCR}} & \multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{NNDR}} \\
\cline{2-7}
& \textbf{R\&S} & \textbf{R} & \textbf{S} & \textbf{R\&S} & \textbf{R} & \textbf{S}\\
\hline
CTGAN & 1.517 & 0.428& 1.026 & 0.763 & 0.414 &0.624 \\
TableGAN & 0.988 & 0.428& 0.920 & 0.681 & 0.414 &0.632\\
MedGAN & 1.918 & 0.428& 0.254 & \textbf{0.871} & 0.414 &0.393 \\
CW-GAN & \textbf{2.197} & 0.428& 1.124 & 0.847 & 0.414 &0.675\\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\label{table:PP_allCh3}
\end{table}
\end{enumerate}
\section{Challenges faced by Existing Solutions}
\label{Ch3:Challenges}
In this section, we empirically demonstrate how the prior state-of-the-art methods fall short in solving challenges in industrial data sets.
\begin{enumerate}
\item \textbf{Mixed data type variables}- To the best of our knowledge, existing GAN-based tabular generators only consider data variables as either categorical or continuous. However, in reality, a variable can be a mix of these two types, and often variables have missing values. The \textit{Mortgage} variable from the Loan dataset is a good example of a mixed variable. Fig.~\ref{fig:mortgage_column_motivation} shows the distribution of the original and synthetic data generated by 4 state-of-the-art algorithms for this variable.
According to the data description, a loan holder can either have no mortgage (0 value) or a mortgage (any positive value). In appearance this variable is not a categorical type due to the numeric nature of the data. So all 4 state-of-the-art algorithms treat this variables as a continuous type without capturing the special meaning of the value, zero. Hence, all 4 algorithms generate a value around 0 instead of exact 0. And the negative values for Mortgage have no/wrong meaning in the real world.
\item \textbf{Long tail distributions}- Many real world datasets can have long tail distributions where most of the occurrences happen near the initial value of the distribution, and rare cases towards the end. As an example, Fig.~\ref{fig:amount_result_motivation} plots the cumulative frequency for the original (top) and synthetic (bottom) data generated by 4 state-of-the-art algorithms for the \textit{Amount} variable in the Credit dataset. This variable represents the transaction amount when using credit cards. One can imagine that most transactions have small amounts, ranging from few bucks to thousands of dollars. However, there definitely exists a very small number of transactions with large amounts. Note that for ease of comparison both plots use the same x-axis, but the real data has no negative values.
Thus, the real data clearly has 99\% of occurrences happening at the start of the range, but the distribution extends until around $25000$. In comparison none of the synthetic data generators are able to learn and imitate this behavior.
\item \textbf{Skewed multi-modal continuous variables}-The term \textit{multi-mode} is extended from Variational Gaussian Mixtures (VGM)~\cite{prml} (refer to Sec.~\ref{Ch4:msn}). These are used to model Gaussian distributions with multiple peaks. The intuition behind using multiple modes can be easily captured from Fig.~\ref{fig:gmm_result_motivation}. The figure plots in each row the distribution of the working \textit{Hours-per-week} variable from the Adult dataset. This is not a typical Gaussian distribution. There is an obvious peak at 40 hours but with several other lower peaks, e.g. at 50, 20 and 45. Also the number of people working 20 hours per week is higher than those working 10 or 30 hours per week.
This behavior is difficult to capture for the state-of-the-art data generators (see subsequent rows in Fig.\ref{fig:gmm_result_motivation}). The closest results are obtained by CTGAN which uses Gaussian mixture estimation for continuous variables. However, CTGAN loses some modes compared to the original distribution.
\end{enumerate}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\begin{center}
\subfloat[\centering Mortgage in Loan dataset~\cite{kaggleloan}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.33\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_3/mixed_motivation_case.png}
\label{fig:mortgage_column_motivation}
}
\subfloat[\centering Amount in Credit dataset\cite{kagglecredit}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.3\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_3/long_tail_motivation_case.png}
\label{fig:amount_result_motivation}
}
\subfloat[\centering Hours-per-week in Adult dataset~\cite{UCIdataset}]{
\includegraphics[width=0.335\textwidth]{Figures/Ch_3/extended_condvec_motivation_case.png}
\label{fig:gmm_result_motivation}
}
\caption{\centering Challenges of modeling industrial datasets using existing Tabular GANs: (a) Mixed data-type, (b) Long tail distribution, and (c) Skewed multi-modal continuous variable}
\label{fig:motivationcases}
\end{center}
\end{figure}
\section{Conclusion}
\label{Ch3:Conclusion}
In this exploratory study, we were able to shed some light on some of the latest works on GAN-based tabular data-synthesizers. Additionally, we executed an in-depth empirical evaluation to benchmark their performance. Based on our findings, we summarize some important key points as follows-:
\begin{itemize}
\item Firstly, the TableGAN model outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with respect to the utility for ML applications as it maintains the least difference in all ML metrics.
\item Secondly, it is observed that the best average JSD for categorical variables and the best average wasserstein distance for continuous variables is achieved by CTGAN.
\item Thirdly, in terms of the privacy risk, all data-synthesizers produce datasets with a greater DCR and NNDR metric for between real and synthetic datasets as compared to both within real and synthetic datasets. This suggests that the privacy risk for all data-synthesizers as measured via these metrics are limited.
\item Lastly, current techniques fail to account for mixed data-types, heavy long-tailed distributions and skewed multi-modal numerical distributions.
\end{itemize}
\chapter*{Abstract}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Abstract}
\setheader{Abstract}
\vspace*{1.5cm}
\begin{quote}
While data sharing is crucial for knowledge development, privacy concerns and strict regulation (e.g., European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) unfortunately limit its full effectiveness. Synthetic tabular data emerges as an alternative to enable data sharing while fulfilling regulatory and privacy constraints. The state-of-the-art tabular data synthesizers draw methodologies from Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN). In this thesis, we develop CTAB-GAN, a novel conditional table GAN architecture that can effectively model diverse data types with complex distributions. CTAB-GAN is extensively evaluated with the state of the art GANs that generate synthetic tables, in terms of data similarity and analysis utility. The results on five datasets show that the synthetic data of CTAB-GAN remarkably resembles the real data for all three types of variables and results into higher accuracy for five machine learning algorithms, by up to 17\%.
Additionally, to ensure greater security for training tabular GANs against malicious privacy attacks, differential privacy (DP) is studied and used to train CTAB-GAN with strict privacy guarantees. DP-CTAB-GAN is rigorously evaluated using state-of-the-art DP-tabular GANs in terms of data utility and privacy robustness against membership and attribute inference attacks. Our results on three datasets indicate that strict theoretical differential privacy guarantees come only after severely affecting data utility. However, it is shown empirically that these guarantees help provide a stronger defence against privacy attacks. Overall, it is found that DP-CTABGAN is capable of being robust to privacy attacks while maintaining the highest data utility as compared to prior work, by up to 18\% in terms of the average precision score.
\begin{flushright}
{\makeatletter\itshape
\@author \\
Delft, August 2021
\makeatother}
\end{flushright}
\end{quote}
\chapter*{Preface}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{Preface}
\setheader{Preface}
\vspace*{1.5cm}
\begin{quote}
My thesis builds upon a background in adversarial machine learning with a focus on tabular data generation and it's use as both an imminent and eminent privacy preserving technology. The research begins by attempting to improve state-of-art GAN based tabular data synthesizers by understanding their fundamental strengths and weaknesses in~\autoref{ch3}. Based on the conclusions drawn from this study existing weaknesses are addressed and the strengths of various methodologies are combined to enhance performance, giving rise to a novel tabular data generator, CTAB-GAN, in~\autoref{ch4}. Additionally, privacy concerns for synthetic tabular data generation are addressed by studying the use of differential privacy. And, an empirical investigation of privacy exposure is carried out using membership and attribute inference based attacks in~\autoref{ch5}. \\
This research is a product of the wonderful guidance of my supervisor Dr. Lydia Chen and my daily supervisor Dr. Zilong Zhao. I owe a great sense of gratitude to both of them for their extensive knowledge which they willfully provided throughout the period of my master's thesis. Finally, I offer my thanks to my family and friends who have been a pillar of support.\\
I would also like to express my gratitude towards Mr. Hiek Scheer and Mr. James Gnanasekaran, who graciously accepted to be a part of the defence committee.\\
\begin{flushright}
{\makeatletter\itshape
\@author \\
Delft, August 2020
\makeatother}
\end{flushright}
\end{quote}
\chapter{Differential Privacy Experimental Setup}
The supplementary material highlights the network architecture shared between PATE-GAN~\cite{pategan} and DP-WGAN~\cite{xie2018differentially} as mentioned in~Sec.~\ref{Ch5:ES}. Additionally, it provides hyper-parameters used for conducting the data utility (i.e., statistical similarity $\&$ ML utility) as well as the membership and attribute inference attack experiments.
\section{Network Architecture}
\label{appendix:1}
The network architecture for training PATE-GAN is used identically to their original implementation provided on github\footnote{\url{https://github.com/vanderschaarlab/mlforhealthlabpub/tree/main/alg/pategan}}. And, the network structure of DP-WGAN\footnote{\url{https://github.com/BorealisAI/private-data-generation/blob/master/models/dp_wgan.py}} used in the experiments has been modified from the original to have the exact neural network architecture for the discriminator and generator networks as that of PATE-GAN. This is done to study the performance of DP-WGAN in relation to PATE-GAN.
The generator network of PATE-GAN comprises of a shallow neural network with 3 fully connected layers that each comprise of $4*l$ nodes where $l$ is the length of each row in the original data. The first 2 fully connected layers are followed by a \textit{Tanh activation} whereas for the last layer a \textit{Sigmoid activation} is used. This is done to bring the values generated in the range of [0,1] which is the same range as the normalised data used for training.
The student discriminator network of PATE-GAN comprises of a shallow neural network with 2 fully connected layers with $l$ nodes. The first layer is followed by a \textit{ReLU activation function} whereas the output of the second layer is used directly for computing the KL divergence loss of the discriminator as shown in Eq.~\ref{eq:gan}.
\section{Network Hyper-parameters}
\label{appendix:2}
Across all baselines, the batch size was set to 64. Moreover, for PATE-GAN and DP-WGAN, default hyper-parameters as found in the code-bases were utilized. Thus, PATE-GAN uses 10 as the default number of teacher discriminators for all experiments. And DP-WGAN, uses [-0.01,0.01] to clamp the weights of the discriminator and $0.1$ as the gradient norm bound $C$.
Additionally, Tab.~\ref{tab:app0} and Tab.~\ref{tab:app1} provide details concerning the differential-private hyper-parameters such as the noise scale used and the number of training epochs\footnote{Note that in the original implementation of PATE-GAN, the privacy budget $\epsilon=1$ is expended with just one iteration over a single batch. Therefore, in the epochs columns, the number of iterations over a single batch is displayed.} required for generating synthetic tabular data with the corresponding privacy budget epsilon (i.e., $\epsilon$) to conduct the data utility experiments and privacy attack experiments in Sec.~\ref{Ch5:ES}.
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Differential privacy hyper-parameters for conducting statistical similarity and ML utility experiments.}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Model} & \textbf{Dataset} & \textbf{No. of Discriminators} & \textbf{Noise Scale} & \textbf{Epochs} & \textbf{Epsilon} \\
\hline
PATE-GAN & Adult & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
PATE-GAN & Credit & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
PATE-GAN & Loan & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Adult & 1 & 1.012 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Credit & 1 & 1.012 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Loan & 1 & 1.33 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 1 & 1.06 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 1 & 1.06 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 1 & 1.58 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 1000 & 3.518 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 1000 & 3.53 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 1000 & 1.28 & 1 & 1 \\
PATE-GAN & Adult & 1 & 1 & 795 & 100 \\
PATE-GAN & Credit & 1 & 1 & 795 & 100 \\
PATE-GAN & Loan & 1 & 1 & 795 & 100 \\
DP-WGAN & Adult & 1 & 0.33 & 6 & 100 \\
DP-WGAN & Credit & 1 & 0.33 & 6 & 100 \\
DP-WGAN & Loan & 1 & 0.38 & 7 & 100 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 1 & 0.36 & 5 & 100 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 1 & 0.36 & 5 & 100 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 1 & 0.42 & 4 & 100 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 50 & 0.867 & 1 & 100 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 100 & 0.874 & 1 & 100 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 100 & 1.089 & 4 & 100 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{tab:app0}
\end{table}
\begin{table}[htb]
\centering
\caption{\centering Differential privacy hyper-parameters for conducting membership and attribute inference attacks.}
\resizebox{0.8\columnwidth}{!}{
\begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|}
\hline
\textbf{Model} & \textbf{Dataset} & \textbf{No of Discriminators} & \textbf{Noise Scale (Membership)} & \textbf{Noise Scale (Attribute)} & \textbf{Epochs} & \textbf{Epsilon} \\ \hline
PATE-GAN & Adult & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
PATE-GAN & Credit & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
PATE-GAN & Loan & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Adult & 1 & 1.33 & 1.25 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Credit & 1 & 1.33 & 1.25 & 1 & 1 \\
DP-WGAN & Loan & 1 & 1.33 & 1.25 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 1 & 1.67 & 1.56 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 1 & 1.67 & 1.56 & 1 & 1 \\
D-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 1 & 1.67 & 1.56 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Adult & 1000 & 1.28 & 1.37 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Credit & 1000 & 1.28 & 1.37 & 1 & 1 \\
G-DP-CTABGAN & Loan & 1000 & 1.28 & 1.37 & 1 & 1 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
}
\label{tab:app1}
\end{table}
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John-Boy has a stormy reunion with a rich neighbor contemptuous of his plans to start a newspaper.
As the first edition of John-Boy's newspaper goes to press, his crusade for unvarnished truth-telling hits home.
A wrong diagnosis by Mary Ellen could spell disaster for Grandma.
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Mike favors the train coming to Colorado Springs, but Sully doesnt, and the issue derails their relationship.
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A down-on-her-luck birthday girl suddenly receives everything she ever wished for, only to realize the happy life she wanted was right in front of her all along. Stars Megan Park, Benjamin Hollingsworth and Dean Cain.
The Baptism
Olivia wants to bring the unbaptized members of her family into the fold. | {
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Deus Ex: Human Revolution Headlines Pictures
Deus Ex: Human Revolution Gets Release Date
Release date for long-awaited cyberpunk action-RPG finally revealed
GBest | 3/9/2011
Filed Under: "Deus Ex: Human Revolution"
Eidos Montreal has revealed to the world via Twitter that Deus Ex: Human Revolution, the long-awaited cyberpunk action-RPG, will hit retailers in North American on August 23rd with the UK to follow a few days later on August 26th.
Deus Ex will be available in two versions: The regular $60 edition and a $70 Augmented Edition. The latter will include premium packaging for the game, a 40-page art book, a DVD with behind-the-scenes features, and a motion graphic novel included on a bonus disc. Players who preorder from specialty retailer GameStop will get a new mission--complete with a cameo from original Deus Ex protagonist JC Denton--as well as in-game assists in the form of a grenade launcher, explosives, and an automatic lock pick.
DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION is the return to one of the most critically-acclaimed video game franchises of all time, telling the story of Adam Jensen, a man cybernetically augmented against his choice who finds himself in the middle of a global conspiracy to which he holds the key. By offering players the chance to play the game in multiple and vastly different ways, DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION challenges the foundations of gaming and provides an immersive experience where every choice has a lasting consequence.
DEUS EX: HUMAN REVOLUTION is developed for the PlayStation 3 computer entertainment system, Xbox 360 video game and entertainment system from Microsoft and Windows PC.
New EPOS Microphone Promises Studio Broadcast Quality For Streamers And Gamers
Warren Spector Would Make New DEUS EX As He "Screamed In Frustration Throughout Much Of HUMAN REVOLUTION"
someguy
Beloved Deus Ex and System Shock ceators Warren Spector has revealed that he would love to make a Mankind Divided sequel, even though he "screamed in frustration throughout much of Human Revolution..."
MarkJulian
New DEUS EX: MANKIND DIVIDED Gunfire Gameplay Footage
IGN has new gameplay footage from their hands-on play-through of the forthcoming Eidos first-person stealth-adventure game, Deus Ex: Mankind Divided. Here's what happens when stealth goes very, very wrong.
New DEUS EX: MANKIND DIVIDED Gameplay Footage Released At PC Gaming Show
At E3's PC Gaming Show, Square Enix debuted 4-minutes of gameplay footage from the first level of Deus Ex: Mankind Divided, which is set in Dubai. Adam Jensen definitely has some sleek new tricks up his sleeve!
Deus Ex: Human Revolution Has Landed
Deus Ex: Human Revolution hit retailers this week for the PC, PS3 and Xbox 360, check out the launch trailer here!
GBest
SHAZAM! FURY OF THE GODS International Trailer May Give Us A First Glimpse Of Wonder Woman | {
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Q: Saddle points and the second derivative changing sign Let $f$ be a some real-valued function differentiable at least three times (I want to say twice, or maybe twice with a continuous second derivative, but I'll play it safe).
A saddle point of $f$ is some value $c$ in its domain, not a local extremum, which satisfies $f'(c) = 0$.
Proposition: $c$ is a saddle point of $f$ if and only if $f'(c) = 0$, $f''(c) = 0$ and $\exists \epsilon \in \mathbb{R_+}$ such that $\forall y \in (c - \epsilon, c)$ and $\forall x \in (c, c+ \epsilon), f''(x) \cdot f''(y)≤0$.
In other words, the second derivative "changes sign" at $c$. Intuitively, I am hypothesizing that a point is a saddle point iff it's a critical point and an inflection point.
Does this hold?
A: Consider the function $f(x):=x^n\sin{\displaystyle{1\over x}}$ $(x\ne0)$, $\ f(0):=0$, with $n\geq2$ to your liking.
Concerning you comment below: It's not clear what your exact definition of a saddle point is. In any case, if $f(0)=f'(0)=0$ then the following formula, obtained through partial integration, may be of interest to you:
$$f(x)=\int_0^x(x-t)f''(t)\>dt\ .$$
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Arkansas Certified Nursing Aide schools that are listed in Caregiverlist's C.N.A. school directory provides all the necessary information to know to begin your career in healthcare. C.N.A. program cost, program length, and the requirements for each program are also included in the school directory.
To be in an approved C.N.A. program, Arkansas requires that C.N.A.s must attend a minimum of 90 hours of approved training before completing the certification exam. Arkansas certified nursing aide schools require an average of 132 training hours for their programs and run an average of 6 weeks before the students take the C.N.A. exam.
How much does it cost to become a CNA in Arkansas?
The cost of an Arkansas nursing aide program runs between $450 and $1000, with the average being $725 per C.N.A. program. With any program, it is important to research to see if you qualify for financial aid. There are many reimbursement programs that will also pay for you to become a certified nursing aide. Completing your nursing assistant certification is just the beginning to a great career with plenty of job prospects offered at hospitals, assisted living communities, senior home care agencies, and nursing homes.
Find Arkansas C.N.A. schools in your area or submit a request for free C.N.A. information. More and more C.N.A.s and professional caregivers are needed on a daily basis due to an aging population and because people are living longer lives. Buy our caregiver certification training today or submit a job application for available jobs in your area!
Illinois C.N.A. schools are listed in the Caregiverlist C.N.A. School Directory which includes the information on the nursing assistant school costs and admission requirements in the state of Illinois. Nursing assistants become certified in Illinois by first taking the state-approved C.N.A. course and then passing the state exam to gain their certificate. More C.N.A.'s are needed as Illinois is a state where seniors age-in-place. "Sweet Home Chicago" rings true for the state's retirees. Please find the information on the state of Illinois' updated nursing aide programs below.
How much does a C.N.A. school program in Illinois cost?
Of the approved certified nursing assistant training programs in Illinois, the average cost per program is $1,097 and the C.N.A. school programs pricing ranges from $550 to $2,800 for the course with books and uniform. Many of the Illinois nursing assistant programs are in the middle range for cost, between $700 and $1,000. Definitely contact schools you are considering attending to find out if you may qualify for financial assistance. Sometimes hospitals and nursing homes in Illinois will assist residents seeking to become nursing aides by reimbursing them for their C.N.A. certification training.
The C.N.A school requirements, along with the length of the program, and contact information is listed for each school for easy comparison. A Certified Nursing Aide often finds work in nursing homes, assisted living communities, hospitals, or senior home care agencies, providing a variety of personal and nursing care to the patients.
Caregiverlist's Practice CNA Test, presented by Hdmaster, provides great insights into the information needed to succeed as a C.N.A. and to learn about the different types of questions nursing aide exams may ask. After getting certified, Caregiverlist provides a Caregiver Job Application, which allows you to apply for caregiving and C.N.A. jobs in an area near you.
Find Illinois C.N.A. Schools and submit your request for free C.N.A. school applications in Illinois. Remember, as the number of seniors increases by 10,000 every day, and everyone is enjoying living longer lives, more caregivers are needed and jobs are available for trained caregivers and nursing aides - become one today or refer-a-friend!
This cool green garden looks like a perfect place to sit and take some time out. This week's photo was taken in Stratford-Upon-Avon in England, near the home of William Shakespeare. We invite you to take a moment to relax and enjoy the photo and inspirational quote and share them with loved ones. Thank you caregivers and certified nursing aides for your hard work and the care you provide for our seniors. More caregivers are always needed as seniors in America are living longer. You can learn more about becoming a senior caregiver and apply for a job near you. Have a great week.
If we look around, we can always find the bright spot in every situation. This week's stress relief photo was taken from the lake in Granada, Nicaragua, and shows the Mombacho Volcano, with one lovely bright flower. Please enjoy and feel free to share the photo and inspirational quote with loved ones. Thank you caregivers and certified nursing aides for your hard work and caring for our seniors. Senior care training assists caregivers to better manage a senior's care needs and manage caregiver stress. Have a great week.
Caregivers provide companionship to seniors, as well as caregiving and caregivers must remember to "care for the caregiver." Thank you caregivers and certified nursing aides for your hard work and caring for our seniors. This week's stress relief photo was taken at the Louvre Museum in Paris, France, and features a beautiful blend of old and new architecture. The museum and its art are gorgeous inside and out. Please enjoy the photo and the quote by a famous Parisian and feel free to share them with loved ones. Have a great week.
A summertime walk in a beautiful place is always relaxing. This week's photo features the famous flower-bedecked Chapel Bridge, on the lake in Luzern, Switzerland. Caregiverlist invites you to enjoy the photo and share it with loved ones. At Caregiverlist we know the realities of caregiver stress. Thank you caregivers and certified nursing aides for your hard work and caring for our seniors. Please refer your friends to apply for part-time and full-time job positions on Caregiverlist.com and visit our career center for additional career tools. We hope you have a great week. | {
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A request by a health organization in Japan that its job openings in nursing and related occupations were specified as being limited to non-smokers has been declined by a local public employment agency after it deemed smoking 'a matter of personal choice,' according to a Mainichi Daily News story. The original, Japanese-language story was written by Yoshihiko Saito.
The Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion & Disease Prevention, which is based in Chiba Prefecture's Mihama Ward, east of Tokyo, expressed disappointment at the job center's refusal because, it said, the request 'was for the promotion of health'.
Meanwhile, the Hello Work employment office countered that 'individuals should be selected based on their skills and competency'.
The foundation, which conducts medical examinations, has made public on its website since last year its policy of limiting job opportunities to non-smokers as part of its efforts to curb smoking.
However, an official at the employment office said that smoking was a personal choice and that it was not possible publicly to announce such requirements.
The official said the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare sought a "fair selection process" based on individuals' skills and competency.
"We wanted to open the door to as many applicants as possible," the official said.
But economist Takuro Morinaga, a regular smoker, said that the job center had acted appropriately. "Just as it's wrong to discriminate against people because of their origin, it's also not right to exclude individuals because they smoke," Morinaga said.
Meanwhile, the employment security section of the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare said that requiring non-smokers for certain jobs 'cannot categorically be considered discrimination, if there are rational reasons behind such moves'.
At Public Employment Security Offices across Japan, there had been at least 20 job postings for nurses, restaurant workers, and other occupations that specifically required non-smokers. | {
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The positive side of the very first definition is the fact that it is straightforward and it emphasizes both biotic and abiotic facets of nature. Whatever www.paramountessays.com/ the sort of competition, it's going to be strongest at high population densities. The concept is it is also a great strategy to be somewhat much like a successful species or have sufficient dissimilarity.
Higher recruitment then contributes to a higher rate of synthesis of RNA for a specific gene. Transcription is the initial step in the procedure referred to as protein synthesis, the manner a cell requires a set of instructions in its DNA called a gene and uses that set of instructions to construct a protein so that it may carry out a specific function or earn a structure for the cell. In the example of cancer, it's been demonstrated that cancer cells switch off the genes related to tumour detection.
The SRP contains protein and RNA (like the ribosome). This particular sequence of nucleotides is known as the terminator sequence'. At the opposite end of the tRNA is a particular amino acid.
This step is performed by the ribosome. It is carried out by an important organelle in the cell, called the ribosome. In prokaryotes it is absent.
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Transcription unit includes 3 components. Transcription is an important career for people who need or want to work at home. Medical transcription's been in existence for an extremely long time now and is one of the most important allied health care professions, in agreement with bio-medicine and pharmacy.
This bit of RNA is called the vital transcript. There are lots of versions of RNA. For example, phosphate groups might be connected to the protein (giving it additional energy).
The rest of The sections are spliced together and the last mRNA strand is prepared for translation. It's essential because whenever a linear chromosome is duplicated, it's shortened. Based on the gene being transcribed, there are two sorts of termination signals.
There are several distinct diets that it has to be confusing to understand what works and exactly what one does not. Despite how it can occur as a consequence of pure catastrophe it is most often brought on by human intervention. Islands which have been isolated for a very long time often develop their very own exceptional flora and fauna that have evolved to fill niches in the absence of different organisms.
The exact exact same segment of DNA might be used repeatedly to guide the synthesis of numerous identical RNA transcripts. There are twenty amino acids that could combine with each other to form proteins of all types, these are the proteins that are employed in life processes. Based on the gene being transcribed, there are two sorts of termination signals.
Writing research papers There are plenty of social barriers to the development of theoretical buy essays biology. Noun There's a debate about how you should pronounce niche. There are lots of things to think about when outsourcing digital transcription.
It's the second part in the tradition of synthesis of proteins. Lots of the functions are related to translation, where the genetic code of messenger RNA molecules is utilized to help the ribosomes synthesize a particular protein. Protein synthesis The practice of how and when proteins are produced in a cell.
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When you digest your food for example, you're using enzymes which were originally proteins which were assembled from amino acids. U6 The amino acid sequence of polypeptides is dependent on mRNA in line with the genetic code. It's essential that the right amino acids be utilized in the appropriate places, because amino acids have various properties.
The more regulatory sites that are bound, the larger the growth in the rate of RNA synthesis. 1 immediate advantage of the research is going to be to provide in depth mapping of previously known mutations that impact the regulation of the transcription process, he states. This guarantees that the information contained within the DNA doesn't become tainted.
This research intends to identify novel genes involved with the avoidance of epigenetic switching and the bodily alterations accountable for this epigenetic shift. Actually, this effect has a pro-apoptotic function, even in cancer cells within the body, which might offer new suggestions and research basis for researchers to create new therapeutic therapies for T-cell lymphoma later on. They also compose a last paper on some part of physiology.
As mentioned in the introduction, anole lizards seem to coexist because each uses different components of the forests as perch locations. For instance, warblers are considered to coexist because they nest in various components of trees. Various species can be found in all the principal regions of the world as indicated below. | {
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The Best Paintball Guns and Paintball Markers for Speedball in 2015 and 2016 | {
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Discussion in 'Masonic Blogs' started by My Freemasonry, Aug 26, 2012.
Most Worshipful Grand Master Thomas Chisholm, the newly installed Grand Master of Montana, has publicly posted an explanation of the recent events leading to the removal of PGM Thomas Duffy. Grand Secretary Reid Gardiner has been reinstated as GS.
The official documents can be read here. They include a synopsis of the events and the portions of Montana's code that apply to this case. | {
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easy housekeeping tips and tricks to keep your house clean!
Image by Enokson. There is a lot of talk about going green.
How To Eat Salad Everyday & LIKE IT! (aka the Fritos everyday diet!
Why Am I Gaining Weight Even When I Exercise?
Plastic shopping bags from the grocery store (or any retail store) produce even more waste than produce bags.
How many minutes should a baby breastfeed? There's not a simple answer. Just like adults, some babies are fast eaters and others are slow eaters.
School of Social & Political Science Edinburgh on Twitter: "Post your thoughts on our #GlobalSPS wall of unity in support of #1DayWithoutUs in CMB.… " | {
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It all started when I took a sabbatical to travel around the world. With plans for trail running, hiking, and cycling on my travels, I packed appropriate activewear. Or so I thought. By the end of the trip, most of my apparel felt irritating on the skin and retained a pungent odor even after multiple washes. Also, the shiny plasticky look of most of the athletic apparel I was carrying didn't suit my understated dressing style.
This experience left me amazed at how hard it was to find activewear that was comfortable on the skin, yet stylish. The explanation was pretty simple. Most brands use petroleum-based synthetic fabrics like 100% polyester in their products. Synthetic fabrics make good business sense, but they are also harsh on the skin and don't breathe well.
And so the journey began with the help of a few friends in 2015 – to improve the landscape of athletic apparel one piece at a time. It was as an opportunity to build the activewear brand we all wanted but couldn't find. Our mission is to deliver a fresh perspective on activewear that is driven by thoughtful design and inspiring an active lifestyle.
We want to build gear that keeps you comfortable in your sweaty pursuits and is designed to stand up to the demands of the city, the gym and everywhere in between. We promise that everything about the Athlos experience — the apparel, stories, experiences, shipping times et al. — will keep getting radically better.
we stand by a few guiding principles, come rain or shine.
We hope to create and empower a community that shares our belief about fitness, travel, and an active lifestyle.
Our smallest actions to our biggest decisions are driven with a long-term goal to build a sustainable brand.
We believe that good design is also as little design as possible. Yes, we love Dieter Rams.
Our small team of athletes and outdoor enthusiasts share a common passion for pushing boundaries. We know our users are nonconformists and love challenging conventions. We hope this philosophy is reflected in our brand and the choices we make. | {
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Support. If your service includes access to priority email support. "Email support" means the ability to make requests for technical support assistance by email at any time (with reasonable efforts by BMBsocial, s.r.o. to respond within one business day) concerning the use of the VIP Services. "Priority" means that support takes priority over support for users of the standard or free bmbsolutions.sk services. All support will be provided in accordance with BMBsocial, s.r.o. standard services practices, procedures and policies.
Responsibility of Website Visitors. BMBsocial, s.r.o. has not reviewed, and cannot review, all of the material, including computer software, posted to the Website, and cannot therefore be responsible for that material's content, use or effects. By operating the Website, BMBsocial, s.r.o. does not represent or imply that it endorses the material there posted, or that it believes such material to be accurate, useful or non-harmful. You are responsible for taking precautions as necessary to protect yourself and your computer systems from viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other harmful or destructive content. The Website may contain content that is offensive, indecent, or otherwise objectionable, as well as content containing technical inaccuracies, typographical mistakes, and other errors. The Website may also contain material that violates the privacy or publicity rights, or infringes the intellectual property and other proprietary rights, of third parties, or the downloading, copying or use of which is subject to additional terms and conditions, stated or unstated. BMBsocial, s.r.o. disclaims any responsibility for any harm resulting from the use by visitors of the Website, or from any downloading by those visitors of content there posted.
Content Posted on Other Websites. We have not reviewed, and cannot review, all of the material, including computer software, made available through the websites and webpages to which bmbsolutions.sk links, and that link to bmbsolutions.sk. BMBsocial, s.r.o. does not have any control over those non-BMBsocial, s.r.o. websites and webpages, and is not responsible for their contents or their use. By linking to a non-BMBsocial, s.r.o. website or webpage, BMBsocial, s.r.o. does not represent or imply that it endorses such website or webpage. You are responsible for taking precautions as necessary to protect yourself and your computer systems from viruses, worms, Trojan horses, and other harmful or destructive content. BMBsocial, s.r.o. disclaims any responsibility for any harm resulting from your use of non-BMBsocial, s.r.o. websites and webpages.
Copyright Infringement and DMCA Policy. As BMBsocial, s.r.o. asks others to respect its intellectual property rights, it respects the intellectual property rights of others. If you believe that material located on or linked to by bmbsolutions.sk violates your copyright, you are encouraged to notify BMBsocial, s.r.o. in accordance with BMBsocial, s.r.o. Digital Millennium Copyright Act ("DMCA") Policy. BMBsocial, s.r.o. will respond to all such notices, including as required or appropriate by removing the infringing material or disabling all links to the infringing material. BMBsocial, s.r.o. will terminate a visitor's access to and use of the Website if, under appropriate circumstances, the visitor is determined to be a repeat infringer of the copyrights or other intellectual property rights of BMBsocial, s.r.o. or others. In the case of such termination, BMBsocial, s.r.o. will have no obligation to provide a refund of any amounts previously paid to BMBsocial, s.r.o..
Intellectual Property. This Agreement does not transfer from BMBsocial, s.r.o. to you any BMBsocial, s.r.o. or third party intellectual property, and all right, title and interest in and to such property will remain (as between the parties) solely with BMBsocial, s.r.o.. BMBsocial, s.r.o., bmbsolutions.sk, the bmbsolutions.sk logo, and all other trademarks, service marks, graphics and logos used in connection with bmbsolutions.sk, or the Website are trademarks or registered trademarks of BMBsocial, s.r.o. or BMBsocial, s.r.o. licensors. Other trademarks, service marks, graphics and logos used in connection with the Website may be the trademarks of other third parties. Your use of the Website grants you no right or license to reproduce or otherwise use any BMBsocial, s.r.o. or third-party trademarks.
Advertisements. BMBsocial, s.r.o. reserves the right to display advertisements on your blog unless you have purchased an ad-free account.
Attribution. BMBsocial, s.r.o. reserves the right to display attribution links such as 'Blog at bmbsolutions.sk,' theme author, and font attribution in your blog footer or toolbar.
Changes. BMBsocial, s.r.o. reserves the right, at its sole discretion, to modify or replace any part of this Agreement. It is your responsibility to check this Agreement periodically for changes. Your continued use of or access to the Website following the posting of any changes to this Agreement constitutes acceptance of those changes. BMBsocial, s.r.o. may also, in the future, offer new services and/or features through the Website (including, the release of new tools and resources). Such new features and/or services shall be subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
Termination. BMBsocial, s.r.o. may terminate your access to all or any part of the Website at any time, with or without cause, with or without notice, effective immediately. If you wish to terminate this Agreement or your bmbsolutions.sk account (if you have one), you may simply discontinue using the Website. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if you have a paid services account, such account can only be terminated by BMBsocial, s.r.o. if you materially breach this Agreement and fail to cure such breach within thirty (30) days from BMBsocial, s.r.o. notice to you thereof; provided that, BMBsocial, s.r.o. can terminate the Website immediately as part of a general shut down of our service. All provisions of this Agreement which by their nature should survive termination shall survive termination, including, without limitation, ownership provisions, warranty disclaimers, indemnity and limitations of liability.
Disclaimer of Warranties. The Website is provided "as is". BMBsocial, s.r.o. and its suppliers and licensors hereby disclaim all warranties of any kind, express or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose and non-infringement. Neither BMBsocial, s.r.o. nor its suppliers and licensors, makes any warranty that the Website will be error free or that access thereto will be continuous or uninterrupted. You understand that you download from, or otherwise obtain content or services through, the Website at your own discretion and risk.
Limitation of Liability. In no event will BMBsocial, s.r.o., or its suppliers or licensors, be liable with respect to any subject matter of this agreement under any contract, negligence, strict liability or other legal or equitable theory for: (i) any special, incidental or consequential damages; (ii) the cost of procurement for substitute products or services; (iii) for interruption of use or loss or corruption of data; or (iv) for any amounts that exceed the fees paid by you to BMBsocial, s.r.o. under this agreement during the twelve (12) month period prior to the cause of action. BMBsocial, s.r.o. shall have no liability for any failure or delay due to matters beyond their reasonable control. The foregoing shall not apply to the extent prohibited by applicable law.
Indemnification. You agree to indemnify and hold harmless BMBsocial, s.r.o., its contractors, and its licensors, and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents from and against any and all claims and expenses, including attorneys' fees, arising out of your use of the Website, including but not limited to your violation of this Agreement.
Miscellaneous. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between BMBsocial, s.r.o. and you concerning the subject matter hereof, and they may only be modified by a written amendment signed by an authorized executive of BMBsocial, s.r.o., or by the posting by BMBsocial, s.r.o. of a revised version. Except to the extent applicable law, if any, provides otherwise, this Agreement, any access to or use of the Website will be governed by the laws of the Bratislava, Slovenská Republika, excluding its conflict of law provisions, and the proper venue for any disputes arising out of or relating to any of the same will be the state and federal courts located in Bratislava, Slovenská Republika. Except for claims for injunctive or equitable relief or claims regarding intellectual property rights (which may be brought in any competent court without the posting of a bond), any dispute arising under this Agreement shall be finally settled in accordance with the Comprehensive Arbitration Rules of the Judicial Arbitration and Mediation Service, Inc. ("JAMS") by three arbitrators appointed in accordance with such Rules. The arbitration shall take place in Bratislava, Slovenská Republika, in the English language and the arbitral decision may be enforced in any court. The prevailing party in any action or proceeding to enforce this Agreement shall be entitled to costs and attorneys' fees. If any part of this Agreement is held invalid or unenforceable, that part will be construed to reflect the parties' original intent, and the remaining portions will remain in full force and effect. A waiver by either party of any term or condition of this Agreement or any breach thereof, in any one instance, will not waive such term or condition or any subsequent breach thereof. You may assign your rights under this Agreement to any party that consents to, and agrees to be bound by, its terms and conditions; BMBsocial, s.r.o. may assign its rights under this Agreement without condition. This Agreement will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the parties, their successors and permitted assigns.
BMBsocial, s.r.o. ("BMBsocial, s.r.o.") operates bmbsolutions.sk and may operate other websites. It is BMBsocial, s.r.o. policy to respect your privacy regarding any information we may collect while operating our websites.
Like most website operators, BMBsocial, s.r.o. collects non-personally-identifying information of the sort that web browsers and servers typically make available, such as the browser type, language preference, referring site, and the date and time of each visitor request. BMBsocial, s.r.o. purpose in collecting non-personally identifying information is to better understand how BMBsocial, s.r.o. visitors use its website. From time to time, BMBsocial, s.r.o. may release non-personally-identifying information in the aggregate, e.g., by publishing a report on trends in the usage of its website.
BMBsocial, s.r.o. also collects potentially personally-identifying information like Internet Protocol (IP) addresses for logged in users and for users leaving comments on bmbsolutions.sk blogs/sites. BMBsocial, s.r.o. only discloses logged in user and commenter IP addresses under the same circumstances that it uses and discloses personally-identifying information as described below, except that commenter IP addresses and email addresses are visible and disclosed to the administrators of the blog/site where the comment was left.
Certain visitors to BMBsocial, s.r.o. websites choose to interact with BMBsocial, s.r.o. in ways that require BMBsocial, s.r.o. to gather personally-identifying information. The amount and type of information that BMBsocial, s.r.o. gathers depends on the nature of the interaction. For example, we ask visitors who sign up at bmbsolutions.sk to provide a username and email address. Those who engage in transactions with BMBsocial, s.r.o. are asked to provide additional information, including as necessary the personal and financial information required to process those transactions. In each case, BMBsocial, s.r.o. collects such information only insofar as is necessary or appropriate to fulfill the purpose of the visitor's interaction with BMBsocial, s.r.o.. BMBsocial, s.r.o. does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below. And visitors can always refuse to supply personally-identifying information, with the caveat that it may prevent them from engaging in certain website-related activities.
BMBsocial, s.r.o. may collect statistics about the behavior of visitors to its websites. BMBsocial, s.r.o. may display this information publicly or provide it to others. However, BMBsocial, s.r.o. does not disclose personally-identifying information other than as described below.
BMBsocial, s.r.o. discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only to those of its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations that (i) need to know that information in order to process it on BMBsocial, s.r.o. behalf or to provide services available at BMBsocial, s.r.o. websites, and (ii) that have agreed not to disclose it to others. Some of those employees, contractors and affiliated organizations may be located outside of your home country; by using BMBsocial, s.r.o. websites, you consent to the transfer of such information to them. BMBsocial, s.r.o. will not rent or sell potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information to anyone. Other than to its employees, contractors and affiliated organizations, as described above, BMBsocial, s.r.o. discloses potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information only in response to a subpoena, court order or other governmental request, or when BMBsocial, s.r.o. believes in good faith that disclosure is reasonably necessary to protect the property or rights of BMBsocial, s.r.o., third parties or the public at large. If you are a registered user of an BMBsocial, s.r.o. website and have supplied your email address, BMBsocial, s.r.o. may occasionally send you an email to tell you about new features, solicit your feedback, or just keep you up to date with what's going on with BMBsocial, s.r.o. and our products. If you send us a request (for example via email or via one of our feedback mechanisms), we reserve the right to publish it in order to help us clarify or respond to your request or to help us support other users. BMBsocial, s.r.o. takes all measures reasonably necessary to protect against the unauthorized access, use, alteration or destruction of potentially personally-identifying and personally-identifying information.
If BMBsocial, s.r.o., or substantially all of its assets, were acquired, or in the unlikely event that BMBsocial, s.r.o. goes out of business or enters bankruptcy, user information would be one of the assets that is transferred or acquired by a third party. You acknowledge that such transfers may occur, and that any acquirer of BMBsocial, s.r.o. may continue to use your personal information as set forth in this policy. | {
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From border to border and coast to coast and all the ships at sea. Tune in to hear your correspondent Jim Tate on The Tate Chronicles. Join him as he cuts through the fog and static that exists at the leading edge of healthcare technology. Come with him as he explores emerging technologies that hold potential to bring beneficial disruptions to healthcare. Tune in weekdays at 3:30am, 11:30am, and 7:30pm ET on HealthcareNOW Radio.
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Rebroadcasting at 7am and 11pm ET. | {
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5150 Fighter Command is the first ruleset I write for Two Hour Wargames. What I tried to do with this ruleset is giving you the chance to fly a star fighter just like you did in the PC game Wing Commander. In case you never played that game, just imagine how it would be flying a Star Wars X-wing or Interceptor and you will have a very close view of Fighter Commander.
Here you have two fine reviews of Fighter Commander. One by the WARGAMING ADDICT and another by DELTA VECTOR .
Many thanks to both of them!
Or Hishen Wars I should say, as I bought this game box to use the figures as Hishen for the 5150 universe by Two Hour Wargames. Such universe does not have official miniatures and it is very difficult to find something similar to the illustrations.
Well, Acheson Miniatures has some Hishen and Grath but they are so ugly that I would not even want them for free! Here you can see an illustration of a Grath from the 5150 ruleset and my find from Gow.
And here you can see the Acheson's Grath (Eeeeew!).
This would be a Hishen team or squad. 1 Razor (top left), 1 Grath (top right), 3 Hishen warriors, the one in the middle specialist with a stun cannon to get prisoners alive, 2 uncompleted Hishen warriors used as trackers or shepherds, and 2 "hounds" to chase fugitives. The game gives you enough figures to build three squads.
These are the four marines it comes in the box.
A shot next to one GW's Space Marine and one Copplestone's marine. As you can see, although the GoW marine is thinner and taller, it matches perfectly with them. The miniatures are made of semi rigid plastic like the ones from Doom or Descent.
A Grath next to a human. | {
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Brooks withdraws from PGA, opening the door for his student
By Luke Kerr-Dineen
By Sam Weinman
ROCHESTER, N.Y. -- Usually when a player withdraws from a tournament to open the door for an alternate, the two men end up as just swapped names on a pairing sheet. One locker empties, another is filled. Not so in the case of Mark Brooks, who withdrew at midday from the PGA Championship because of lingering issues from knee surgery, and J.J. Henry, the player who gained entry into the field as a result.
Henry said he received a call from tournament officials around 12:30 p.m. Wednesday saying he was in the field. Moments later he received a call from his Fort Worth neighbor Brooks, who confirmed he had withdrawn. Shortly after that, the two men were together on the practice green, where they spent the next 90 minutes working on Henry's short game.
"We're good friends so it's ironic that Mark's the one who withdraws," Henry said. "I'm just grateful to be able to play."
Related: Hunter Mahan joins our list of odd withdrawals
Brooks has been more than a friend to Henry in recent years. The 1996 PGA champion has served as a competitive coach to Henry, even caddieing for him in the last two Players Championships. It's a pairing borne of their differences: Brooks the consummate grinder who could milk out scores with his short game, Henry a classic ball-striker who felt he was losing too many shots around the greens.
"One thing I try to get (Henry) to do is take responsibility for his shots, really do it, deep down, whatever happens," Brooks told the New York Times in May. "And the second thing is to work on his deficiencies. People want to work on what they're proficient at. As painful as it is, recognize what your deficiencies are and work on them until they are no longer deficiencies."
Related: Five coaching changes that for better or for worse, happened
Perhaps the most tangible assist from Brooks so far, though, came when he bowed out of the PGA, opening a spot for his student. Henry said prior to Wednesday Brooks hadn't indicated he was leaning toward withdrawing, but he understood why he did.
"He had knee surgery on his left knee about 2 1/2 months ago. As a past champion you want to be here, but he has like nine weeks coming up on the Champions Tour and I know his knee has been bothering him a little bit," Henry said. "I think Mark would admit this is a pretty big golf course for him as well."
Follow @samweinman | {
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It runs July 13-17 at WSW in Rosendale, New York.
During this 5-day workshop, I will be walking artists through all the steps they need to take in order to build a constructive online strategy for their practices. I will spend April and May documenting the process of revamping Monstress so that I may have a sturdy case study.
What should your online strategy be?
How do you best present your work?
Putting it all together: your portfolio is born!
This is all wonderful and I can't wait to teach, but how do I do these things myself? I shall show you. Monstress has fallen into disrepair as I have concentrated on my teaching and freelance. My art practice has faded from view and my content has become stale. This is a wonderful opportunity to teach as I fix my own existing issues! I will post several articles over the ensuing months, stepping out the work on Monstress as I fully refine the content for the workshop itself.
I can't give it all away for free, but if you follow this series, I will tell you all I can as I test my methods, find new ways, and make progress. You will absolutely learn how to improve your online presence. I am drawing upon all I know as an artist, interaction designer, educator, and consumer on online content. I have been doing this all together for nearly 20 years.
If you would care to come to WSW for July 13-17 to take this, please by making a non-refundable $300 deposit here! I would love to help you construct the strategy you need to make the career you desire.
Next: City Tech Printmaking Club: Progress! | {
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OK first a little about us. This Norton was rebuilt by Jim Garrison and 200 Riders Club. We're a motorcycle building and restoration cooperative in the Gowanus area of Brooklyn. The club members include designers and craftspeople who love motorcycles and are dissatisfied with the quality of commercial shops. Our members include mechanics, metalsmiths, architects, industrial designers - many who are part of Pratt Institute. Depending on the project we customize, restore (sometimes to concours level), build and design racing and electric motorcycles. Our bikes have been shown in the Brooklyn Invitational Motorcycle Show, The New York Motorcycle Show, and in the national and international press.
A bit about the Commando. We received the Norton from Peter Boggia at Moto Borgotaro (who is a very, very fine restorer of largely vintage Italian bikes), who had acquired the bike from a well known local Norton collector. It was outside of Peter's focus and he thought that I might enjoy it. It had been customized at some point with some seriously bad decisions. And it needed love and care – which in the end is what our shop is all about.
We proceeded to replace many of the customized bits with well sourced original parts. We did not take it entirely back to original condition because we have this thing about machines revealing some history and patina. A round chopper oil tank was replaced with an original square 750 Commando tank that looks very tough post war Brit military, fabricated custom tank and battery suspension and added a leather battery strap from our local bootmaker. We added a tail light from a Vincent Black Shadow, and lots of other fine stuff – you can see the list.
And while we did it we sweated every detail. One significant detail is the oil sump and circulation upgrade. Big twins compress the air in the crankcase on the piston downstroke and force oil out of every joint. That's why Nortons and their like are known to leak oil. The sump was designed by Jim Comstock – who you can Google – and it relieves crankcase pressure while it increases horsepower.
But about Norton's in general and the Commando in particular. This is no mild mannered machine that introduces you to the nicest people. Think Chuck Yeager, Colin Chapman, Mike Hailwood, and 60's muscle cars and unless you like your machines raw and powerful it's best to look elsewhere. You kick it to start it and you have to keep it in good tune or you have to stay in good shape. It WILL throw you up in the air if the timings off – don't ask me how I know. It's also a BRITISH motorcycle – which means it has three different thread standards, idiosyncratic engineering, and character in spades.
But when those two big jugs pull you around a corner on its featherbed frame it is like no other experience. That's also what the Keihin CR's are for. Raw, linear torque that comes on like a freight train. There is nothing else like it.
Just a couple of other things – if you need an electric start Colorado Norton Works has a well designed kit and we'd be glad to install it. If you ride in an urban area you'll probably appreciate a front disk brake – which we would also be glad to install.
And finally if you are in the NYC area and you'd like to see the bike it is on display at Union Garage, 103 Union Street, Brooklyn, NY.
Matching frame and engine nos.
True head and cylinders, freshly honed, w/ ARP studs.
New oil tank, filter, hoses, carrier.
Comes with a clear 1975 title.
This is a spectacular machine. I love that the color is muted and the alloy is not show polished. This looks like a mean urban machine with all of the right mods. Can we see some video of this bike running?
This Norton truly shows pride in the build. There appears to have no expense spared in this bike. The Comstock parts alone lend even more credence to the assembly, as Jim Comstock has developed so many improvements for your Norton. Don't just google him, read his threads on accessnorton.com where he is truly an authority with regards to engineering these machines.
Super cool bike! Nice work guys. | {
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Risk of drowning up for kids as more stay home, purchase pools amid pandemic
With the surge in people buying above ground and inflatable pools, coupled with the fact that kids are spending nearly all their time at home now, the risk of drowning is up significantly.
It's the leading cause of death among young children.
"A lot of that has to do with just the nature of those toddlers. They are impulsive. They are quick. They're just built to explore and they're not great at following rules or understanding limits. And for them water is a fascinating thing and if they can find it, they will, and they're going to try and get in it," said Dr. Ben Hoffman, pediatrician with AAP Council on Injury, Violence and Poison Prevention.
Hoffman says a locking fence around the entire pool can cut the risk of drowning by half. If you don't have a fence for inflatable pools, emptying them out is best. For above ground, he suggests removing the ladder.
Swim lessons also can decrease the risk of drowning. But nothing replaces the constant, within arm's length, non-distracted adult supervision.
"You have to have somebody designated as a water watcher," said Sophia Brizeus, whose daughter drowned in pool. "Make sure they are watching the kids in the water because like I said, this can happen to anybody and it only takes a second, it only takes a second."
Brizeus started the Love Bug Foundation in memory of her daughter Soraya, who was almost 2 years old when she drowned while they were visiting with family one Sunday afternoon. The toddler just slipped away and into the pool, even with adults around.
Soraya was even supposed to start swim lessons a week later.
Brizeus is now educating other parents about water safety through Facebook and Instagram accounts.
"What I've learned about the drownings is it's not like the movies at all. It happens quick. It's silent and a child can be with a room full of people and it still happens," said Brizeus. | {
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The Wrong Rock: Animated Special
The Wrong Rock – Short Film. Martin was born on the wrong rock. Martin is a mushroom and he challenges the rules of the land to travel to a far away rock.
Cupid's Apprentice is an animated family fantasy feature film developed by Michael Cawood and Julie Pifher, based on the popular short film 'Devils, Angels & Dating'.
Third Planet Problems
Third Planet Problems is a work in progress adult animated comedy series in development, created by Michael Cawood and Julie Pifher. Please contact us if you would like to read the script or see more of the pitch.
This family feature film is being developed by Julie Pifher and Michael Cawood.
The Phoenix Gene
The Phoenix Gene is a Science Fiction Feature Film in development. With story by Michael Cawood and screen play by Julie Pifher.
Maisey the Dragon is a children's comedy series in development. Created by Michael Cawood and produced by Julie Pifher.
Ruby Rocket is a pre-school animated series developed by Julie Pifher with artwork by Michael Cawood.
Devils Angels & Dating: Short Film
Created by the Animation Director, Michael Cawood, this computer animated short film is the work of a worldwide team of Artists and Animators. Entirely developed in public online, it has also become a fantastic resource for Animation students and professionals alike.
Mobile Rebates: Product Demo
Panda Pander: Short Film | {
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SILICON VILLAGE
Home for all technology and products -- news, features and interviews of top-notch enterprises in India. This portal covers all the major happenings across verticals including telecom, mobility, gadgets & gizmo, retail, services, BFSI, energy, manufacturing, SMBs, business technologies, GreenIT, outsourcing...
Micro Focus Introduces New Robotic Process Automation Product, Ignites Enterprise Productivity
Micro Focus has announced the general availability of Micro Focus Robotic Process Automation (RPA) which gives companies the power to build, secure, and scale automated business processes, from legacy to modern, across the enterprise.
According to Gartner, "The ability to integrate legacy systems is the key driver for RPA projects. By using this technology, organizations can quickly accelerate their digital transformation initiatives, while unlocking the value associated with past technology investments." Micro Focus RPA automates repetitive, error-prone UI-based human actions on legacy apps and integrates them with modern IT process automation in a single product.
"Micro Focus RPA delivers on key capabilities such as scalability, resiliency and security that our customers and partners demanded," said Tom Goguen, Micro Focus Chief Product Officer. "It adapts to UI changes, automates UI and API-based applications, and includes real-time auditing and traceability, giving our customers the confidence to deploy RPA across the enterprise while providing for centralized governance and compliance for their digital workforce."
"As we have worked closely the last few years with our customers and partners to leverage test automation for their first RPA projects, it presented a convenient way to evaluate the potential of business-related automation and further prove its value to the organization," said Raffi Margaliot, Micro Focus General Manager for Application Delivery Management. "With Micro Focus RPA, we augmented our core capabilities to be purpose built for RPA and we believe our innovations in making automation more resilient to change will deliver a lower TCO compared to existing solutions."
Micro Focus RPA capabilities include:
Easy-to-use design studio: An intuitive design interface that allows users to easily record screen actions and design sophisticated end-to-end RPA workflows, visually or with code.
Cross-platform connections: A technology-rich product that combines UI automation with API and other integration methods to connect business processes spanning old and new applications.
Scalable robots: A worker-queue-based architecture to scale robots up or down as workloads change, making it possible to run hundreds or thousands of robots at once.
Centralized security: A centralized dashboard to manage the robots that have unique IDs and encrypted, role-based credentials.
Resilient robots: Advanced object recognition technology to detect UI changes and automatically adapt as needed, saving time on maintenance.
"Our customers demand genuine improvements through integrated service delivery, and we know this can only occur with advanced service offerings and innovative partnership in technologies like robotic process automation," said Denham Seneviratne, National Sales Manager for Winthrop Australia. "We believe Micro Focus is well placed to help deliver on this promise and we hope our customers are the beneficiaries."
"At Kinetic IT, we strengthen our personalized service offerings by minimizing effort on activities better suited to automation," said Brett Roberts, Chief Product Officer of Kinetic IT. "The release of Micro Focus RPA opens up new opportunities to explore and pursue for the benefit of our customers."
"As a Platinum partner of Micro Focus, we are excited about the release of the RPA product and see the definite benefits it can start to bring our clients," said Jamie Duffield, CEO of Revolution IT. "The RPA product will enable us to automate their processes and focus areas of their application stack to drive value into repetitive tasks quickly and efficiently."
With cost-effective licensing, companies can keep their RPA costs predictable and scalable. Pricing starts at $15,000 USD per robot, with special pricing that extends to Micro Focus Unified Functional Testing and Operations Orchestration customers.
Posted by editor-manu-sharma at 7:10 PM No comments:
A Man from Utrecht Arrested for Producing and Distributing Malware
Recently the high tech crime team (THTC) of the Dutch National Police Unit arrested a 20 year old resident of the Dutch city of Utrecht. He is suspected of large-scale production and selling of malware. The young man offered programs with names like Rubella, Cetan and Dryad, enabling the buyer to include secret code or malware in amongst others Word or Excel files. In view of the ongoing investigation, the arrest could not be disclosed earlier by police and National Prosecutor's Office.
The suspect was active at hackers' forums under various names. Eventually all these names could be traced to the man from Utrecht who was arrested sitting at his computer. The police were helped in tracing the man thanks to investigations of two private companies, including the cybersecurity company McAfee.
The suspect developed and supplied amongst others the macro builder Rubella, selling it for prices ranging from a couple of hundred to thousands of euros. A macro builder is a toolkit designed to include fragments of hidden code to widely used Office documents such as Excel and Word. Upon opening of such an infected document, the hidden code would be executed. This code could amongst others (surreptitiously) download malware or start a program on the device. The macro builder would design the documents in such a way that they would not usually be detected by a virus scanner.
Distribution of such malware generally takes place via an e-mail containing an infected document as an attachment. The message in the mail is designed to inspire confidence in the potential victim and to induce him to open the attachment. This is actually a kind of phishing, but it is very difficult to protect yourself against it, according to THTC and the public prosecutor of the National Public Prosecutor's Office. In all cases the advice is not to open, view or download such files as a matter of course and to perform all updates for security software on data carriers.
Furthermore the suspect was found in possession of data concerning dozens of credit cards and manuals on carding, a type of credit card fraud. The young man also possessed access credentials for thousands of websites. It is not known what he was planning to do with these.
The suspect has collected an amount of approx. 20,000 euro in crypto currency such as bitcoins. These have been seized. The investigation into further amounts the young man may have (unlawfully) earned will continue. In due course, a confiscation order will be issued.
The public prosecutor has meanwhile decided that the suspect will have to face trial. No court date has yet been set.
L&T Technology Services Limited, India's leading pure-play engineering services company, announced its results for the first quarter ended June 30, 2019.
Highlights for Q1FY20 include:
*USD Revenue at $194 million; growth of 15% YoY
*Revenue at ₹ 13,475 million; growth of 17% YoY
*EBIT margin at 17.1%; up 230bps YoY
*Net profit at ₹ 2,039 million; growth of 3% YoY
During the quarter, LTTS won 7 multi-million dollar deals across all major industry segments. On a YoY basis, LTTS has increased its USD20mn+ clients by 2 and its USD10mn+ clients by 5.
"We had a strong quarter in most of our segments – Industrial Products, Transportation, Medical and Process Industry, with sequential growth accelerating in Q1 as compared to Q4 on the back of multiple deal wins and good deal conversions. Digital & leading-edge technologies - the growth driver for ER&D, contributed to 37% of Q1 revenues and grew by 44% YoY. On the operational front we executed well with the margin trajectory continuing to inch upwards on YoY basis.
Innovation and speed-to-market are key priorities for our customers, and our end-end capabilities spanning product and process engineering are enabling us to engage with them at a more strategic level. Further, we are seeing good opportunities to leverage our platforms and solutions that have inbuilt AI & Machine Learning capabilities in the areas of predictive maintenance and energy management.
We are excited about the opportunities in our pipeline and see a clear trend of increasing deal sizes and outcomes," said Dr. Keshab Panda, CEO & Managing Director, L&T Technology Services Limited.
Industry Recognitions:
· A global automotive major conferred LTTS with the 'Performance Excellence Award' for exceeding performance standards including quality, cost and service.
· Zinnov rated LTTS in the leadership zone for its deep expertise in the Broadcasting domain and recognized the practice as mature and established in the OTT and Content Security ratings in its Zinnov Zones for Media & Technology Report 2019.
· LTTS was appraised with Maturity Level 5 in the CMMI V2.0 Development view, the highest capability maturity level in the new CMMI framework. LTTS' CMMI Maturity Level 5 certification is an indication of the company's continually improving processes and business performance.
· At the 17th Annual American Business Awards, LTTS was recognized as the Best Human Resource Team of the Year and conferred with the Stevie Award
· At the end of Q1FY20, the patents portfolio of L&T Technology Services stood at 399, out of which 288 are co-authored with its customers and 111 are filed by LTTS.
At the end of Q1FY20, LTTS' employee strength stood at 15,913 a net addition of 773 during the quarter.
Honda 2Wheelers India Gives Wings to Young Females in Realising their Dream Across Four States
Giving wings to young women's dream of becoming a commercial pilot, Honda Motorcycle and Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. today announced project SAPNO KI UDAAN - Honda's unique CSR initiative on women empowerment. Five girls from Karnataka will be selected.
Honda firmly believes that empowering women means strengthening nation and it is with this philosophy Honda is supporting young females to pursue commercial pilot training. Their journey towards becoming a commercial pilot begins with Honda.
Announcing Honda's biggest CSR initiative, Mr. Harbhajan Singh, Director, General & Corporate Affairs, Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd. said, "As a responsible corporate citizen, Honda 2Wheelers is always committed to bring a positive change in our society. Gujarat and Karnataka are special for Honda 2Wheelers India as it is here we have together covered a long journey of growth and development. Taking one step further in our commitments, we are delighted to announce project SAPNO KI UDAAN - Honda's unique CSR initiative on women empowerment. Many of the bright young women are not able to pursue their dreams due to lack of financial support. Under this unique initiative, Honda will provide 100% scholarship 20 deserving young females in becoming commercial pilots. We believe that these young women would not only get into a highly respectable profession but also inspire millions in realizing their power of dream."
In India, percentage of women commercial pilots stands only around 12%. Encouraging young women to pursue a highly respected profession, Honda has announced its biggest CSR project SAPNO KI UDAAN. Honda is inviting all girls from Gujarat, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Karnataka to apply in this initiative. Honda will provide 100% scholarship to 20 females for their dream of becoming a commercial pilot.
Supporting the deserving females in realizing their dream to become a commercial pilot, Honda will empower them with this once in a lifetime opportunity. Honda will bear the entire cost of training right from their selection to training period of 18 months in one of India's leading flying school. Moreover, Honda will also assist them in getting a job as commercial pilot.
The final 20 girls will be selected based on an exhaustive selection process. The selection would take merit and income level into the consideration. Young women having scored more than 90% in Physics and Mathematics in class 12th science under State Education Board will be eligible to apply.
Further, the submitted applications would be screened based on different parameters including achievements in co-curricular activities. Finally, a written test, Medical test, Psychometric test, and a Technical assessment would be carried out to select 20 most deserving female candidates. The girls, proving their merit by qualifying the same, will thus get to avail special training course, supported by Honda.
Candidates can apply online by submitting their documents (10th and 12th mark sheets, scanned copy of recent photograph, email id, and mobile number) on [email protected]. The application date closes on 10th August.
About Honda's Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives:
As a responsible two-wheeler manufacturer, Honda 2Wheelers India's corporate social responsibility philosophy is aligned with United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Over the years, Honda is contributing towards women empowerment, community development, road safety promotion, environment sustainability, rural sports, healthcare, education and skill development. Under these 7 pillars, Honda's CSR initiatives have benefitted nearly 40 lakh people.
1. Women empowerment: Under Project Unnati and Project Ummeed Honda is providing Vocational training to women, making them self-reliant. Honda has made difference in the lives of 3 lakh women in last 18 years of its operation in India.
2. Community development: Under Project Jan Uthaan, Honda is developing infrastructure including bus stands and shelters, public parks, overhead tanks. Over 1.5 lakh people benefitted through this initiative.
3. Road safety promotion: As a responsible corporate, road safety is top priority for Honda. Since 2001, Honda educated more than 29 lakh Indians on road safety and adopted 14 traffic parks in India.
4. Environment sustainability: Honda's Project Harit Udaan is not only providing livelihood to 153 families in 75 villages, but also increasing green coverage with help of modern irrigation technologies.
5. Rural Sports: Encouraging youth at local level, Honda is developing sports infrastructure in rural areas while developing stadiums, sports ground. Honda is also training talented young players for Tennis, cycling etc.
6. Healthcare: Honda's Aarogya Abhiyaan is providing medical mobile vans, free cataract surgeries, dispensaries, medical tests, toilets for community, aids to physically challenged.
7. Education and skill development: Under Shiksha evam Kaushal Vikas Abhiyan, Honda has benefitted more than 1.15 lakh students. Upskilling youth Honda is providing job oriented skill enhancement training at its adopted 23 ITIs across India.
AMW-CFmoto Cruises into Indian Market with Four New Motorcycles
AMW Motorcycles in association with CFmoto, has announced the much-awaited launch of the year for the die-heart bike enthusiasts. AMW Motorcycles today launched four models of CFmoto in India. The models of CFMoto motorcycles launched are the 300NK, the 650NK, the 650MT and the 650GT. The bikes were unveiled today amidst grand fanfare in presence of a host of dignitaries.
Speaking at the launch, Mr. Vamsi Krishna Jagini – CEO AMW Motorcycles said "This is the most awaited launch yet in the Indian market. We are thrilled to partner with CFmoto to bring their globally renowned models to India. The bikes are in the premium niche segment and there is a healthy demand in the category."
Mr.Kent Chen, Assistant General Manager – Global Sales CFmoto said, "We are happy to bring CFmoto to the Indian consumers. India is a vast and exciting market and in AMW we found a perfect partner to make our India foray. The Indian two-wheeler sector has seen tremendous growth and the premium motorcycle market in India is not only growing but also evolving in consumer tastes and preferences."
CFmoto 300NK is a street fighter and features dual riding modes, TFT Color Display, LED Lighting and Rear mudguard. It will have full LED headlamps with LED turn indicators and will be powered by a 299cc, single cylinder engine.
CFmoto 650NK is also a street fighter and boasts of a muscular fuel tank and sharp tail section.
CFmoto 650MT is an adventure tourer powered by a 649.3cc liquid cooled engine. The tourer gets a tall windscreen and comfortable riding position. It sports a large fuel tank with 18 litres capacity.
CFmoto 650GT is a sports tourer powered by a 649.3cc, liquid-cooled, parallel-twin engine that makes 70PS of power at 8,750rpm and 62Nm of torque at 7000rpm. The 650GT comes with a 6-speed gearbox.
The CFMoto Motorcycles launch are powered between 300-650 cc. The four CFMoto motorcycles that will be available are - 300NK, 650NK, 650MT and the 650GT. The models range from INR 2,29,000/- INR 3,99,000/- INR 4,99,000/- INR 5,49,000/- (ex-showroom prices all India) respectively. The motorcycles will be brought in via the CKD route and will be assembled locally at AMW's assembly plant located in Bengaluru.
The new models will be available through their dealer network in 6 cities based at Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Chennai, Cochin, Kolkata and Guawahati.
Jaguar, Land Rover Inaugurates its First Boutique Showroom at Cunningham Road in Bengaluru
Jaguar Land Rover India today announced the opening of its new Boutique showroom by Marqland at Cunningham Road in Bengaluru. The new facility was inaugurated by Rohit Suri, President & Managing Director, Jaguar Land Rover India Ltd (JLRIL) and Naveen Philip, Director, Marqland.
Located in the heart of Bengaluru, the facility offers better customer access and allows for the display of both Jaguar and Land Rover's portfolio. The boutique showroom is equipped with a digital personalization studio, offering enriched customisation options. It also showcases and retails the latest accessories and branded goods.
Rohit Suri, President & Managing Director, Jaguar Land Rover India Ltd (JLRIL), said: "We are pleased to introduce a boutique showroom in one of our key markets, Bengaluru. Enabled by the latest in digital technologies, the brand new facility will help us enhance customer experience and engagement with the two iconic brands. The showroom is very well located and offers great ease of access to many fans and customers of Jaguar Land Rover in Bengaluru."
Customers can even book their cars by visiting the online booking platform at www.findmeacar.in for Jaguar and www.findmeasuv.in for Land Rover.
The Jaguar range in India includes XE (starting at ₹ 40.61 Lakh), XF (starting at ₹ 49.78 Lakh), F-PACE (starting at ₹ 64.64 Lakh), XJ (starting at ₹ 102.58 Lakh) and F-TYPE (starting at ₹ 90.93 Lakh). All prices mentioned are ex-showroom prices in India.
Land Rover Product Portfolio in India
The Land Rover range in India includes the Discovery Sport (starting at ₹ 44.68 Lakh), Range Rover Evoque (starting at ₹ 52.06 Lakh), Discovery (starting at ₹ 76.94 Lakh), the Range Rover Velar (priced at ₹ 72.47 Lakh), Range Rover Sport (starting at ₹ 86.71 Lakh) and Range Rover (starting at ₹ 181.86 Lakh). All prices mentioned are ex-showroom prices in India.
Jaguar Land Rover Retailer Network in India
Jaguar Land Rover vehicles are available in India through 27 authorised outlets in Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bengaluru, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Delhi, Gurgaon, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kolkata, Kochi, Karnal, Ludhiana, Mangalore, Mumbai, Nagpur, Noida, Pune, Raipur, Vijayawada and Surat.
Immerse in Wilderness of Africa with 'The Lion King' at Cinépolis 4DX
Cinépolis, India's 1st international and the world's 2nd largest movie theatre circuit in terms of attendance, presents the much awaited movie 'The Lion King' in the revolutionary 4DX format. Breath-taking special effects involving elements such as wind, fog, lightning, scent, water, rain, and even snow; will transport the movie connoisseurs to the jungles of Africa while actually allowing them to live the adventurous and moving journey of Simba.
The 4DX provides for an immersive screening experience which is widely considered to be the biggest innovation in cinematic technology. The format provides a real life experience, that trigger all five senses, giving the viewers a chance to actually live the movie and not just watch it. The effects work in perfect harmony with the action on screen - creating the most captivating cinematic experience.
Cinépolis Asia & Middle East, Managing Director, Javier Sotomayor, commented on the launch, "Since our inception in the cinema industry, we have endeavoured to remain at the forefront of innovation and constantly introduce newer technologies. We were the pioneers of the 4DX technology in India which has revolutionized the movie watching experience. We look forward to our patrons truly living the wilderness of the African Jungle with the much awaited story of 'The Lion King'."
Cinépolis's focus on revolutionizing the movie going experience goes in sync with it being a tech driven brand, pioneering innovative technologies in the exhibition industry. Cinépolis was the first in India to bring the 4DX technology in 2014 and introduce the concept of megaplex. The brand collaborates with the best global technology providers to be in sync with the rapidly evolving technologies. Cinépolis's exclusive global collaboration with RealD (the global leader in 3D) to add 300 RealD 3D screens across their circuit, along with their alliance with IMAX to open new theatres in India, are examples of their partnerships with Tech giants. Some of the other cutting-edge technologies include LED Screens, IMAX, RealD, 3D and Dolby Atmos.
Synechron Honored as Two-Time Stevie Award Winner in 2019 American Business Awards
Synechron Inc., a leading Digital Consulting firm for financial services, today announced that it has been recognized with two Stevie Awards in the Tech Innovator of the Year – Services category, recognizing Robert Huntsman, Synechron's Head of Data Science and the Video – Corporate Overview category, recognizing Synechron's Corporate Film, in the program's 17th Annual American Business Awards.
These awards highlight Synechron's commitment to innovation, creativity and accelerating digital. Robert Huntsman, Head of Data Science at Synechron's award for Tech Innovator of the Year realizes Robert's commitment to drive forward innovation from the ground up and builds on the momentum of the successful AI Data Science Program he has led with the formation of Synechron's Data Science Center of Excellence (CoE), which has won two industry awards since its launch in October 2018 and continues to gain traction.
The recognition in the Video category is the company's third award-win for such work, showcasing Synechron's proven excellence for its in-house digital and creative video capabilities through its global Marketing function.
"Having spent over 20+ years in financial services committed to innovation, I am honored to be recognized with a Stevie Award for the cutting-edge work we are doing in Data Science at Synechron to support our clients' digital transformation initiatives and create powerful, transformative solutions," said Robert Huntsman, Head of Data Science at Synechron. "I am incredibly proud of the work the Data Science team has contributed to build up this program and the overwhelming response and recognition that has been received thus far. I am happy to play a role in that success and to be part of a company that values and has supported our unique and innovative work."
"The nominations submitted to The 2019 American Business Awards were outstanding. They illustrate the continued vibrancy of innovation and high level of achievement across the American economic landscape," said Michael Gallagher, president and founder of the Stevie Awards.
The American Business Awards are the U.S.A.'s premier business awards program. All organizations operating in the U.S.A. are eligible to submit nominations – public and private, for-profit and non-profit, large and small. More than 200 professionals worldwide participated in the judging process to select this year's Stevie Award winners. Details about The American Business Awards and the list of 2019 Stevie winners are available at www.StevieAwards.com/ABA.
Larsen & Toubro Infotech USD Revenue Growth Up 11.5% YoY; Digital Revenues at 39%
Larsen & Toubro Infotech, a global technology consulting and digital solutions company, announced its Q1 FY20 results today.
Q1 FY20
§ Revenue at USD 356.5 million; growth of 0.8% QoQ and 11.5% YoY
§ Constant Currency Revenue growth of 1.0% QoQ and 12.9% YoY
In Indian Rupees:
Revenue at Rs 24,849 million; growth was flat QoQ and 15.3% YoY
Net Income at Rs 3,557 million; growth of (6.1%) QoQ and (1.5%) YoY
"We delivered 12.9% YoY revenue growth in constant currency driven by Digital Services that now make up 39% of our revenues. We also won a large deal by opening a new client logo in Insurance vertical with net-new TCV of US$44m.
We are also pleased to welcome Lymbyc to LTI family. Lymbyc is a specialist AI, machine learning, and advanced analytics company. The acquisition further strengthens LTI's Mosaic platform and our fast-growing digital and analytics offerings."
- Sanjay Jalona, Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director, LTI
Recent Deal Wins
- A US based insurance company, a new logo has selected LTI for a multi-year, multi-million dollar managed services deal for its IT infrastructure and IT security operations
- Selected as the strategic partner by Deutsche Telekom for their strategic Microsoft Cloud Acceleration Centre initiative in Central and Eastern Europe
- A world leader in medical products chose LTI for a managed services deal covering 100+ applications across its global operations to make its IT landscape lean, cloud first and digital ready
- Selected as the exclusive strategic partner by a leading investment management Company for its AI and automation driven digital transformation journey
- A leading Japanese electrical and software company selected LTI for SAP Application Management Services engagement
- A global bank selected LTI for cloud based digital transformation of its wealth management applications
- Selected by a leading security services firm for implementing financial analytics and reporting tool
"Deutsche Telekom has selected LTI as their trusted partner for the joint Microsoft Cloud initiative in Central Eastern Europe. We are convinced that LTI's experience with cloud migration will further empower the digital transformation in the region. We are looking forward to pave the customers' digital journey together with LTI."
- Ralf Nejedl, Senior Vice President B2B Growth Europe, Deutsche Telekom AG
"LTI has been a strategic partner to Velliv and continuously strives to deliver business benefits. In the past 4 years, LTI has been instrumental in strategic transformation of our core business applications. LTI has also been proactive in setting up the critical test automation processes across Velliv application domains."
- Jakob Andersen, CIO, Velliv
- LTI ranked as a Leader in AI Based Automation Capability in Software Testing Services: AI and Digital NextGen Testing NelsonHall NEAT report 2019
- LTI's Digital Transformative Agribusiness case study recognized in ISG's Global Digital Excellence: 25 Winning Partnerships Book
- LTI ranked number 5 in HFS Top 10 Energy Service Providers 2019
- LTI named in Honorable Mentions in the Gartner, Magic Quadrant for Data and Analytics Service Providers, Worldwide, 2019
*Gartner, Magic Quadrant for Data and Analytics Service Providers, Worldwide, 2019, Jorgen Heizenberg et al., 12 February 2019 Gartner does not endorse any vendor, product or service depicted in its research publications, and does not advise technology users to select only those vendors with the highest ratings or other designation. Gartner research publications consist of the opinions of Gartner's research organization and should not be construed as statements of fact.
Gartner disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to this research, including any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose.
Other Business Highlights
- LTI signed a definitive agreement to acquire Lymbyc, a specialist AI, machine learning, and advanced analytics company. The acquisition further strengthens LTI's fast-growing digital and analytics offerings.
- Guidewire Software announced LTI as new consulting alliance partner
- LTI is now a constituent of the FTSE4Good Index Series following the June 2019 index review.
*Larsen and Toubro Infotech satisfied the requirements to become a constituent of the FTSE4Good Index Series. Created by the global index and data provider FTSE Russell, the FTSE4Good Index Series is designed to measure the performance of companies demonstrating strong Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) practices. The FTSE4Good indices are used by a wide variety of market participants to create and assess responsible investment funds and other products.
KPMG – Videocon Partners with 247around to Enable Pan India After Sales Servicing
With an intention to help Videocon in regaining its consumer electronics market share in India, KPMG the brand's resolution professional, has taken a bold step by handing over its all India after sales service to 247around, a digital post-purchase home appliance servicing platform. It will provide services such as installations, repair, returns-validation, maintenance contracts, and warranty thereby ensuring the seamless customer experience. It will enable Videocon's customers to perform self-diagnostics, decipher issues, and estimate prices much before the engineer arrives at home.
Videocon Industries is now back into the process of manufacturing, sale, and distribution of consumer goods. They recently launched India's latest AI-enabled television, which is the flagship product of the season. Powered by Sensy Technology, the television provides a superior viewing experience and takes care of a family's diverse tech needs. However, to help the users adapt to and accept this new generation of smart TVs comfortably, they need assistance that is easily accessible. This is where 247around steps in.
Speaking on this collaboration, Nitin Malhotra, CEO and Co-Founder of 247around said, "Consumers prefer buying latest appliances which enhance their lifestyle but what matters the buying decision most is the after sale feedback of the brand, our unique the proposition is that we use technology to our advantage in order to provide seamless repair experience to customers. We use remote diagnostics and more to know in advance what exactly has gone wrong in the product, such that engineer armed with relevant parts can arrive at your doorstep thus minimizing the downtime. Through our association with Videocon, we will enable the brand to manage its customer loyalty efficiently."
247around is a technology-abled platform that acts as a backbone to its brand partners while empowering them with analytical assistance and helping on-ground engineers take better repair decisions thus delivering best-in-class repair services. The offerings at 247around include services such as installations, demonstrations, returns validation, maintenance contracts, and warranty services, among others. The user can book any of the aforementioned services through the company's official Android app, website or call center. Once booked, a team of qualified engineers arrives at the given address. Besides Videocon, the platform currently works with 100+ brands and has set expansion plans to reach consumers directly through B2C. It ultimately envisages becoming the fastest service provider delivering superior quality service and best-in-class consumer experience.
3i Infotech's ORION 11j to Consolidate the Business Operations of Gayatrishakti Paper & Boards Ltd
3i Infotech Limited, a global Information Technology company, committed to accelerating business transformation, helped enhance Gayatrishakti Paper & Boards Limited (GSPBL)'s growing business. The company upgraded to ORION 11j, a GST and TDS-compliant ERP solution from 3i Infotech to solve the challenges pertaining to its operations and reporting.
GSPBL was using the earlier version of ORION that met their business needs for long. But the growing business needs and dynamic in market expectation requires better scalable, dynamic, business controls and analytics. The upgradation to 3i Infotech's ORION 11j helped them in improving their business efficiency. It further ensured inventory accuracy and reduction of wastage.
ORION 11j, an enterprise manufacturing suite consisting of finance, purchase, inventory and sales modules, facilitated auto scheduling of reports / invoices and email facility to concerned persons without any manual intervention. Complex reports were generated using ORION 11j and hence additional reporting from other external sources was not required. With the fully web-based system, GSPBL was able to access their system from anywhere with minimum bandwidth requirement.
Speaking on the implementation, Mr. Mahesh Jalan, Executive Director from GSPBL said, "ORION 11j ERP solution was the answer to our fast-expanding business as it helped consolidate our business operations and offer complete visibility by providing real time data flow across the locations. We were looking for a GST-compliant solution and ORION 11j was the right fit as it facilitated prompt GST and TDS reporting and met our requirements."
Mr. Suryanarayan Kasichainula, EVP & Business Head (ERP), 3i Infotech said, "Through the effective implementation of ORION 11j, GSPBL was able to achieve a remarkable advancement in their overall operations. The solution provided a proactive system with alerts and dashboards, which offered a complete business view for informed decision-making. ORION 11j, being a single integrated solution that connects all business units, enabled the company to gain a 360-degree visibility into its operations."
Social Media Influences Opinions & Attitudes of Majority School Students: Fortis Study
A study by the Behavioural and Mental Health department of Fortis Healthcare found that Social Media plays a pivotal role in forming opinions and attitudes among majority of the school students today. It also confirmed that as many as 78% students spend a lot of time on social media. A majority of 92% agreed that it's a conducive platform to spread positive narration about mental health. The survey was done under the supervision of Dr Samir Parikh, Director, Mental Health & Behavioural Sciences, Fortis Healthcare.
The study noted that the content which the students see via various social media platforms do contribute towards influencing their opinions and attitudes. The students admitted that the content which they see via various social media platforms do contribute towards influencing their opinions and attitudes. The role and influence of social media in shaping the belief systems and attitudes of the young generations is very evident, affirmed Dr Parikh.
Dr Samir Parikh, Director, Mental Health and Behavioural Sciences, Fortis Healthcare said, "The ability of social media to influence the belief systems and attitudes of the youth cannot be contested. But it is heartening that majority of the students recognize social media as an effective means to create awareness about relevant issues. We need to capitalize on the role that social media platforms play in the creating alternative and positive narratives around social issues. Finding ways of building the engagement of young people with platforms that are driven to create awareness, encourage help-seeking and act as a support system is a must in this regard. There is a need for us to evaluate the way we are approaching mental health in the context of the young population and find better mechanisms of connecting and engaging with them on mental health. There is untapped potential that needs to be fully utilized to build mental health related awareness."
The survey was conducted among 4000 school students studying psychology in Class XI and XII, from over 200 schools across 10 cities; viz. Delhi-NCR, Mumbai, Mohali, Ludhiana, Jaipur, Bangalore, Lucknow, Varanasi, Dehradun and Chennai. The idea behind this survey was to understand the relevance of social media in present times, the impact it has and how it has the power to shape narratives which influence their opinions and attitudes. The survey highlighted the need for media literacy among parents. Knowledge of social media would enable parents to understand their child's perspective better and provide insights into how time spent on social media could be more productive and constructive.
Decade of "Social Entrepreneurship India Award" for Jubilant Bhartia Foundation and Schwab Foundation
Jubilant Bhartia Foundation and Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, a sister organisation of the World Economic Forum, celebrate 10 years of a vibrant partnership in bringing the most coveted social entrepreneurship award in India. In 2010, the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship and Jubilant Bhartia Foundation came together to promote social innovation in India through the Social Entrepreneur of the Year (SEOY) India Award.
Ø Social Innovation Takes Off in India: A total of over 1480 unique social innovation applications have been received in 10 years.
Ø 10 years have seen a total of 497 women applications across India.
Ø Women Change Makers: 5 out of 9 winners of the SEOY India award are women social entrepreneurs.
Ø Turnover of participating social organisations range from Rs 1 million to Rs 600 million.
Ø Stringent evaluation: Two new parameters for evaluation of social entrepreneurs – Market-based and Technology-enabled solutions added this year.
Ø New Trends: In the recent years, sustainable farming and clean technology have emerged as new areas of social entrepreneurship
The SEOY India award 2019 will be presented at a high-profile event in New Delhi on 3rd October this year coinciding with the 'India Economic Summit' of the World Economic Forum and Confederation of Indian Industry.
The annual award recognises entrepreneurs who implement innovative, sustainable and scalable solutions. These entrepreneurs address pressing issues faced by under-served communities in an effort to make inclusive growth a reality in India. They work in diverse areas such as health, education, employment, water, clean energy, building identity & entitlements, financial literacy, access to information and technology among others. The applications are evaluated on the key parameters of Innovation, Sustainability, Direct Social Impact, Reach & Scope, Replicability. The year 2019 sees the addition of two new parameters of 'Market-based' and 'Technology-enabled' solutions. The finalists will be selected following an intensive search and selection process, including expert reviews and site visits. The winner is selected by a prominent Jury consisting of eminent leaders and professionals from Government, Business, Media and Civil Society.
The winner of SEOY India will join the world's largest network of social enterprises affiliated with The Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, so as to engage, build and sustain their social enterprises. The winner is awarded by a prominent chief guest in a magnificent ceremony every year.
2019 Applications Trend:
Over 120 applicants from 19 cities
Over 30 applications from women social entrepreneurs
Health sector with 43% applications leads the nomination tally followed by Education at 40%, Environment 27% and Rural Development following closely at 26%
Around 20% of the entries from Women Empowerment
Most active sectors are Education, Health, Livelihood, Environment, Technology, Women Empowerment
New categories witnessed are Enterprise Development, Disability, Water & Sanitation, Labour Conditions, Micro Finance, Housing, Fair Trade, Energy, Sustainable Farming, Communication Media, Clean Technology and Nutrition
The Social Entrepreneur of the Year (SEOY) India Award aims to promote and celebrate leading social entrepreneurs and their unique ventures in India that help in addressing the various gaps in our society and country. Through providing recognition, the SEOY India Award hopes to inspire many other potential social entrepreneurs in India every year.
Shell Drives Sustainable Energy Solution at Shell E4 Demo Day in Bengaluru
After a successful first edition in 2018, Shell returned with its second edition of Shell E4 Demo Day, the largest Energy Entrepreneurship Conference in India on July 16, 2019 in Bengaluru. The event included a unique gathering of energy focused startups along with the attendance of Arvind Tiwary, Chair, IoT Forum, TiE and Subhashini Chandran, EVP and Managing Director – India at Xynteo. The day also witnessed the graduation of 10 startups which were selected by Shell for incubation at the Shell Technology Centre Bangalore in January 2019.
The 10 startups which include Mobycy, RightWatts, Ziptrax, igrenEnergi, TresMoto, Manastu Space, AutoVRse, LogisticsNow, Maximl and iGarage, operate on diverse domains and backgrounds. These startups have interesting business models and differentiated product offerings like Battery Management, Digital - AR/VR, Mobility Solutions, Logistics, Energy Management, Operations Efficiency and Energy IOT Applications. While a number of these startups are working towards a pilot with Shell businesses, some others are closely working with Shell to co-create customer solutions.
Like last year, Shell E4 continues to bring together technical, financial and technological expertise to help India move a step closer to its desired energy efficiency targets.
Speaking on the occasion, Sada Iyer, Shell Technology Centre Bangalore Leader, said, "At Shell, we constantly strive to strengthen our commitment to partner energy entrepreneurs and take steady steps towards India's transition to a sustainable tomorrow. We are glad to announce the graduation of the second cohort of the E4 programme and we wish each of the graduating start-ups success in their journey towards a better future. By mentoring these start-ups, we have nurtured and enabled the young energy entrepreneurs to bring innovations in the Indian energy sector. We are hopeful that the next year will see even more diverse energy start-ups striving towards an advanced and sustainable ecosystem with Shell E4."
With an overall approach to nurture a culture of open innovation, through various programmes like Research Connect, Shell Technology Ventures and Shell E4, Shell endeavours to support, engage and empower start-ups at various stages of their lifecycle. Going forward the programme has an interesting growth journey. Following the larger energy focused cohorts, Shell will also be empowering startups under specific themes and sub-sectors and on Monday announced that the 3rd cohort of the E4 programme will focus on digital startups and the 4th cohort will focus on the theme 'Future of Mobility for India'. The registrations for the 4th cohort are open from July 15 – October 15, 2019.
James Unterreiner, General Manager, Shell E4 Start-up Hub, said, "Keeping in mind the idea behind introducing Shell E4, we have and shall keep identifying and engaging with start-ups who have the talent and vision to innovate technology that will further accelerate India's transition to a sustainable energy future. On behalf of Shell, I congratulate each of the start-ups under the second cohort of Shell E4 and wish them the very best in their journey ahead."
Launched in 2017, Shell E4 programme aims at playing a prominent role in accelerating technologies that are fit for India's energy transition. Shell Technology Centre Bangalore is integral to Shell's core ambition of providing cleaner energy solutions, for India and the world.
One of the company's three global innovation hubs, the centre, houses the Shell E4 startups at a vibrant co-working space for six months. The startups are offered a seed funding of USD 20,000 each and access to:
Prototyping laboratories for product development and testing
Bootcamps aimed at customer discovery and improving the product
Top industry mentors and experts
New markets and interactions with investors and other growth and funding opportunities
Since their graduation last year, the startups in the first cohort have witnessed significant growth in their businesses. A noteworthy example is Detect Technologies who have successfully raised Series A funding of $3.3 million from Tier 1 VCs and their cofounders are featured in the Forbes 30 under 30 in both India and Asia. ION Energy's advanced battery management & intelligence platform is being used by top tier OEMs and Battery Pack Makers in 10+ countries. IoTrek is piloting with 2 Engineering Procurement and Construction (EPC) companies at construction job sites in India and commercially launched product for US market; partnering with General Contractors to deploy the pilot projects.
Startups also have the opportunity to work closely with Shell businesses themselves. For instance, Detect Technologies is working on joint R&D projects with Shell. As alumni of the programme, the startups will continue receiving access to the E4 laboratory, in addition to support from the Shell E4 team for Shell deployment opportunities.
LTI to Acquire Advanced Analytics Firm Lymbyc, a Specialist AI, ML and Analytics Firm
Larsen & Toubro Infotech Ltd., a global technology consulting and digital solutions company, has signed a definitive agreement to acquire Lymbyc, a specialist AI, machine learning, and advanced analytics company. The acquisition further strengthens LTI's fast-growing digital and analytics offerings.
Founded in 2012, Lymbyc is headquartered in Bengaluru, India and has customers in the USA, UK, Africa, and India. The company is well recognized for its unique capabilities in analytics and data-sciences space. The core of Lymbyc's capabilities are centered around a proprietary product, Leni, which solves for the entire spectrum of descriptive to predictive business insights, leveraging deep learning, Natural Language Processing, data visualization and predictive analytics. Leni is a virtual analyst that allows users to conversationally access information and insights.
With growing dependence on data, global enterprises need to be better at data discovery, agile analytics, and ability to process large datasets. Lymbyc's expertise in these spheres will enhance LTI's Mosaic platform to provide differentiated analytics solutions in a SaaS model.
Sanjay Jalona, Chief Executive Officer & Managing Director, LTI, said: "We believe self-service capabilities for AI and advanced analytics will be the next wave of disruption in the marketplace, and Lymbyc brings this capability to our Mosaic platform. Leni by Lymbyc is an industry-agnostic platform that solves business user's need for experience, speed, and comprehension. I welcome Lymbyc's experienced management team and all its employees to the LTI family."
Satyakam Mohanty, Founder & CEO, Lymbyc said: "As a strategic business partner of LTI during last year, we have seen first hand how LTI is leading data and digital transformation agenda for its clients. With AI becoming increasingly mainstream, we are excited to join hands with LTI and to help a larger and richer set of clients. Leni, our AI-based Virtual Analyst is perfectly suited to deliver better value to business users and maximize their information and analytics investments."
LTI and Lymbyc have been strategic partners for last one year, and have collaborated to deliver unique solutions to several leading global enterprises.
Lymbyc is the fifth acquisition by LTI since the company got listed in 2016. Earlier this year, the company acquired Ruletronics, a boutique Pega Consulting company, and N+P (NEILSEN+PARTNER), a Temenos Wealthsuite specialist.
Emirates to Launch Services to Mexico City via Barcelona from December 9, 2019
Emirates announced its plan to launch a new daily service from Dubai (DXB) to Mexico City International Airport (MEX), via the Spanish city of Barcelona (BCN), starting on 9 December 2019.
Emirates' Mexico City flight will be a linked service with Barcelona, meaning that customers can now travel between the two cities in unprecedented style and comfort. Citizens from Mexico, Spain and the UAE only need their passports to enjoy visa-free travel to each respective country.
The new route will be operated with a two-class Emirates Boeing 777-200LR which offers 38 Business Class seats in a 2-2-2 configuration and 264 seats in Economy Class. The new 777 flight will also offer up to 14 tonnes of cargo, opening up access to more global markets for Mexican exports such as avocados, berries or mangoes, automotive parts or medical supplies. Emirates SkyCargo has been flying freighters to/from Mexico City since 2014 already and in the last year carried over 22,500 tons of cargo on the route.
Sir Tim Clark, President of Emirates Airline said: "We are excited to be able to introduce new air connectivity between Dubai and Mexico. The availability of high-quality, daily international air services is essential for the development of tourism, business and cultural ties. Trade, especially in high-value and time-sensitive products, will be facilitated by the ample cargo capacity on Emirates' Boeing 777 aircraft. We also expect tourism to receive a major boost from the daily flights on our newly-refurbished Boeing 777-200LR."
Sir Tim added: "Due to the high altitude of Mexico City airport, it is not possible to operate a non-stop flight from Dubai, and Barcelona was a natural choice for a stopover. We are pleased to offer a direct connection on the route between the Spanish city and Mexico City that has long been neglected by other airlines and remains underserved despite the strong customer demand. We would like to thank the authorities and our partners in both Spain and Mexico for their support of the new route and look forward to provide our unique product and award-winning service to travellers."
"Mexico supports the launch of the long-awaited flight Dubai-Barcelona-Mexico City, which responds to Mexico's Government tourism policy towards opening new markets and strengthening connectivity between the Middle East and Mexico. We are eager to receive tourists from this part of the world", said Mexico's Minister of Tourism, Miguel Torruco Marqués.
"Emirates' arrival will bring a significant contribution to our international connectivity network by adding up daily services to Dubai and beyond. Emirates will be the 43rd carrier operating international flights into Mexico ... congratulations!!", said Rodrigo Vasquez C, Director General, Mexican Civil Aviation Authority.
Mexico City, the first destination in Mexico to be served by Emirates, is the largest city of Mexico and the most populous city in North America. Mexico's capital is one of the most important cultural and financial centres in the Americas, accounting for nearly a third of the nation's GDP. Located in the Valley of Mexico at an altitude of 2,240 metres, the city is famous for its historic centre known as
Zocalo, a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mexico City is also an important trade and industrial city, specifically in the automotive, medical supplies and pharmaceutical industries.
Mexico is a popular destination for business and leisure travellers around the world, in particular from UAE, Spain, India, Pakistan, Singapore, Egypt and Lebanon. Mexico is also home to Middle East communities that can now take advantage of the new service.
Dubai is also increasing in popularity with Mexican travellers. In the first 5 months of 2019 alone, Mexican visitor numbers to Dubai have grown by 32% compared to the same period last year*.
Passengers flying with Emirates can book a Dubai Stopover package which will allow them to stay in Dubai for a few days on their way to/from one of over 140 destinations. Dubai offers everything from desert outings to beaches to family-friendly hotels, and even ski slopes at the Mall of the Emirates. Having become the fourth-most-visited city in the world, Dubai is known for its eclectic mix of offerings, from futuristic architecture to vibrant traditional culture and diversity. Passengers on the route can also decide to stop over in Barcelona on their way to/from Mexico or Dubai.
Emirates flight EK 255 will depart Dubai at 03:30 local time, arriving in Barcelona at 08:00 before departing again at 09:55 and arriving into Mexico City at 16:15 on the same day. The return flight EK256 will depart Mexico City at 19:40 local time, arriving in Barcelona the next day at 13:25. EK256 will depart once again from Barcelona at 15:10 bound for Dubai where it will arrive at 00:45 the following day, facilitating convenient onward connections to numerous destinations in India, South-East Asia and the Middle East.
Passengers in all cabin classes can enjoy the friendly service from Emirates' international cabin crew, meals prepared by gourmet chefs, and over 4,000 channels of movies, TV programs, music and podcasts, including channels in Spanish, on its award-winning ice entertainment system.
* Dubai Department of Tourism & Commerce Marketing (DTCM)
Vee Technologies' Global Assessment: A First for a Salem Tech Centre
The Salem and Chennai facilities of global strategic services firm Vee Technologies focused on Analytics and Software Development achieved a landmark by getting appraised at CMMi maturity level 3, considered a global standard for efficiency. The appraisal was done by QAI Global Institute.
With this assessment Vee Technologies' Salem facility becomes the first software development unit in the Tamil Nadu textiles hub to be appraised. It's one more reason to attract to the town emerging economy firms keen to tap rich talent pool coming out of prestigious engineering schools like Sona College of Technology where the IT centre is located.
CMMi, a capability improvement framework, provides essential elements of effective processes that help improve performance of organizations.
Bengaluru and New York headquartered Vee Technologies, a pioneer in locating software development centres in non-metro locations a decade ago, provides equal work opportunities to men and women. Today women make up for one-third of its development team strength in Salem.
The firm that offers Healthcare and Engineering Global Services through its dedicated development centres in Bengaluru, Chennai, Salem and Pennsylvania, USA, has integrated healthcare analytics, Robotic Process Automation (RPA), and Revenue Cycle Management with services offerings for the healthcare industry.
Vee Technologies' Artificial Intelligence Lab and Robotic Process Automation Centre of Excellence offerings span across AI, business intelligence, robotic process automation and cloud engineering technologies for digital and mobile platforms.
"The CMMi assessment will motivate our team to innovate further and strengthen processes to deliver IT solutions combined with our proven quality service to our global customers," says Chocko Valliappa, founder and CEO of Vee Technologies, a nimble IT firm known for offering high quality service levels.
With strong academic linkages with academic institutions, Vee Technologies attracts bright students to learn and apply new technologies in a global work environment during their internship. This is a proven demonstration of industry- academy linkage.
"By following many niche processes, the firm helps its healthcare customers enhance level of patient care with analytics business deploying capabilities that result in insights about patient populations, clinical outcomes, financial measures and risks involved," adds Valliappa.
Facts about Vee Technologies you did not know:
• Using its AI and proprietary tools Vee Technologies analytics solutions help improve clinical decision-making capabilities and predict revenue.
• Rated as No. 1 in customer satisfaction in the Fortune International Association of Outsourcing Professionals (IOAP) list.
• Vee Technologies' Incubation Centre nurtures and employs students from engineering schools around Salem.
• Its Innovation Lab researches to solve problems using artificial intelligence, computer vision and Natural Language Processing technologies.
• Robotic Process Automation Centre of Excellence focuses on re-engineering and automation.
Truecaller Unveils User Verification Solution for the Mobile Web
Truecaller has announced the global launch of its Truecaller SDK solution exclusively for the mobile web platform. With this, Truecaller SDK now supports all the key mobile platforms across Android, iOS, React and now mobile web including Progressive Web App support. Developers can access the mWeb SDK from Truecaller's global developer portal.
Across emerging markets like India and Africa, mobile web-based experiences on smart phones are proving to be the first point of discovery for users trying to access products and services online. One of the key challenges in these markets has been to on-board users using email or other modes and getting verified using the inefficient OTP process. This SDK solution on mobile web is intended to simplify this process for developers through its OTP-less and free to use phone number-based verification solution allowing their users to seamlessly and securely access services using their Truecaller credentials. This ensures there are reduced barriers along with fewer user drop offs and resulting in increased growth in verified users that contributes to minimized business risks for the developer. A screenshot of a cell phone
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Commenting on the launch, Priyam Bose, Global Head, Developer Platform & Relations, Truecaller, said, "Our vision has always been to enable the developer community by providing them with solutions that help them to build user focused, trust based and growth-oriented products. User onboarding and verification continues to be one of the critical use cases for developers as it is crucial in creating a first impression for their users in terms of building a seamless and secure product experience. On an average, developers in growth markets are starting to see anywhere between 40%-60% of their users now coming from mobile web, giving us more reasons to launch our Truecaller SDK solution for mobile Web interfaces."
This launch extends Truecaller's philosophy of building and solving problems at scale for users and developers globally, with value-driven functionalities. Truecaller SDK service for the mobile web platform can be used to fulfil use cases such as mobile number-based signup, login, checkout, verification, and more such touch-points across the user journey.
Early access developer partners for this service also shared their experience.
Mukund Laddha, Product Manager, OYO, said, "At OYO, we have been expanding globally at a rapid pace. Improving user experience during authentication has been a key area of focus. This integration with Truecaller presented us with an opportunity to present users with a reliable alternate login method with a large presence across countries. This has made user on-boarding on web more fluid and frictionless."
Zairus Master, CEO, Shine.com, said, "At Shine.com, our constant endeavor is to improve our end-user experience by adopting best-in-class technologies. As an early access partner, the integration with Truecaller's verification solution for mobile web platform will help candidates simplify their registration process on Shine.com and facilitate a constantly active and verified set of candidates on the platform, complete with their updated contact details. We believe that this product integration will give Shine.com a competitive edge over other job portals which solely rely on traditional, OTP-based verification."
Udit Tyagi, Product Head, Times Internet Limited - Indian Languages News Business, said, "In the ever-evolving world of PWA's the gap between app and mWeb is slowly fading away and users expect uniformity and seamlessness in terms of experience and onboarding irrespective of the platform. By leveraging Truecaller SDK for mobile web, we have been able to improve the on-boarding experience of users in our canvas of mobile web apps. In our case, onboarding conversions via Truecaller are 41% higher compared to standard onboarding processes."
ThoughtWorks to Conduct the First Multi-City Edition of Vapasi in India
ThoughtWorks, a global software consultancy, will be hosting the first ever multi-city edition of Vapasi – a technical training program for women technologists who are on a career break and want to re-enter the world of IT. The latest edition of the program will be simultaneously organized across three cities – Chennai, Hyderabad and Gurgaon.
Set to kickstart on 5 August 2019, the program will be held at the ThoughtWorks offices across these three cities. The program is designed to be an intensive four-weeks that will sharpen candidates' technical skills through hands-on sessions on object-oriented programming practices. Upon completion, short listed candidates will be offered a 3 to 6-month internship at ThoughtWorks and can apply for permanent positions. The last 6 batches of Vapasi that were tailored to developers and quality analysts saw close to 100 women participate. Today, many of them are on fruitful career paths at ThoughtWorks and other tech companies in India.
Commenting on the Vapasi program, Tina Vinod, Head of Diversity and Inclusion, ThoughtWorks in India said, "ThoughtWorks has always understood the importance of diversity at the workplace and is committed to providing an inclusive environment for its employees. Empowering women's success in technology is a key focus area for us, and we are extremely delighted to launch the latest edition of our much awaited Vapasi program. We are experimenting with a multi-city approach which makes this our biggest edition of Vapasi, in terms of scale and execution. In 2019, our aim is to run no less than eight editions of the program across our seven offices in India. We are very excited for what this step represents when it comes to ThoughtWorks' journey in nurturing a technical community that is representative of the diverse society that we live in."
"I was a full-time working professional before a two-and-a-half-year break during which I was a full-time mother. When I first thought about going back to work, I wasn't very confident in starting all over again. And, that's when I heard of Vapasi,'' said Sana Siddiqui, an alumnus of the Vapasi program. "I was surprised to recognize how Vapasi has influenced me - boosting my confidence, vision, goals and interest in learning and gathering new skill sets. I received incredible guidance and coaching from the Vapasi mentors, and that made me feel welcomed!"
Soumia Annie Jose, another participant of the program said, "Vapasi helped me gain confidence and ignite a familiarity with emerging technologies. While the program's intensive format sharpened my existing skill set, what was truly impressive was the exceptional patience demonstrated by the trainers and mentors. The program helped me get my career back on track."
The Vapasi program is part of #TalkTechToHer, a ThoughtWorks initiative directed towards women in technology who have more than 6 years of work experience. The campaign wants to elevate the conversation around inclusivity and drive an important message that women can achieve as much as men, or more when presented with the opportunities, without the biases.
To register for the upcoming multi-city edition of Vapasi, please click here. The last date to register is 25th July 2019.
#AdvantageSpeed – ACT Fibernet Upgrades Internet Broadband Plans in Chennai
ACT Fibernet (Atria Convergence Technologies Ltd.) India's largest fiber-focused wired broadband ISP (Internet Service Provider) has upgraded the most popular internet broadband plans for its customers in Chennai. The newly upgraded plans will allow existing and new customers to enjoy faster and uninterrupted broadband speed at no additional cost.
Beginning 15th July 2019, ACT Blast Promo has been upgraded from 100 Mbps to 150 Mbps speed with 1000 GB FUP limit. ACT Storm has been upgraded from 125 Mbps to 175 Mbps speed with 1250 GB FUP limit. Similarly, ACT Lightning has been upgraded from 150 Mbps to 200 Mbps speed with 1500 GB FUP limit and ACT Incredible has been upgraded from 250 Mbps to 300 Mbps speed with 2000 GB FUP limit.
Speaking on the upgraded plans, Mr. Sandeep Gupta, COO, Atria Convergence Technologies Ltd. commented, "With online streaming, gaming and smart homes gaining momentum among customers fast and reliable home broadband connectivity is a necessity. Sensing the market needs we have upgraded our broadbands to empower and enable customers to do and achieve more in the digital space".
upGrad and IIIT-B Mark 3rd Graduation Ceremony at the IIIT-B Campus
upGrad and IIIT-B mark their 3rd graduation ceremony with 864 Data Science graduates at the IIIT-B campus. This also marks the first graduation ceremony for 189 Machine Learning and AI graduates along with 44 Software Development graduates. The graduates were dominantly from Bangalore, Hyderabad, Mumbai and Pune. Learners from the graduating batches transitioned into companies like Paytm, Pepperfry, Philips, Network 18, Deloitte, HSBC, etc. with a significant raise. Mayank Kumar, Co-founder & MD; along with Ronnie Screwvala, Co-founder & Chairman, upGrad, graced the event with their presence. Notable educationalists like Prof. S. Sadagopan, Director, IIIT-Bangalore, Tricha Anjali, Associate Professor & Associate Dean (Continuing Professional Education) and Chief Guest, Rishikesha Krishnan, Professor, IIM Bangalore, ex-Director IIM-Indore also graced the ceremony.
Zendesk Expands Amazon Web Services Support to Make Customer Data More Actionable
Zendesk, Inc. announced the Zendesk Events Connector for the newly launched Amazon Web Services (AWS) service Amazon EventBridge. The Zendesk Events Connector allows companies to quickly and easily connect customer experience data to the AWS services that developers already use to improve their understanding of the customer journey.
Modern customers expect their interactions with companies to be easy, personalized and responsive – all of which relies on accessing and understanding customer data. Built on the cloud, the Zendesk Events Connector is an easy, scalable, and secure way to stream near real-time data changes (events) from Zendesk into AWS. This seamless experience is achieved through Amazon EventBridge, a serverless, highly available, and scalable event bus service that allows applications to communicate with each other using events.
"Customer experience teams will no longer be let down by disconnected and siloed systems that don't share a complete picture of the customer," said Adrian McDermott, president of products, Zendesk. "We are excited to work with AWS to further the movement towards companies having open access to all data, in a simple, safe and secure manner."
This new capability from Zendesk provides companies with a near real-time understanding of customer interactions. With this data and the power of AWS, companies can build better, more innovative customer experiences by enhancing customer information with machine learning (ML), security and compliance tools, or custom analytics and business intelligence through services such as AWS Lambda, Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon Kinesis, and Amazon SageMaker.
"Customer information shouldn't only be used to resolve tickets, it should become a part of a company's competitive advantage," said Dustin Lawler, VP of Technical Services, Datadog. "By integrating Zendesk into Datadog through the AWS EventBridge, we are able to leverage this important source of data throughout the entire organization in real time."
In November last year, Zendesk announced Zendesk Sunshine, an open and flexible CRM platform focused on utilizing the power of AWS to seamlessly connect all customer data. The Zendesk Events Connector is part of the larger effort for Zendesk Sunshine to further accelerate the ability to free customer data and allow developers to build out functionality with the tools they love – entirely on open standards with the security, scalability, and reliability of AWS at its core. Zendesk Sunshine has already seen over 1,000 customers enable the platform.
Tata Motors SOUL Announces it's 2nd Edition of the Iconic Ladakh Drive, Mountain Trail, July 2019
Tata Motors SOUL (SUV Owners United League) announced the commencement of its upcoming SOUL "Iconic Ladakh Drive, Mountain Trail, Spiti-Ladakh" from 13th to 25th July 2019. As one of the most sought after drive of the calendar, the SOUL members are all set to experience the unparalleled beauty of Pangong Tso & Panamik coupled with an adventurous drive across Khardund La – one of the highest motorable mountain pass located at 17,500+ feet. During the drive, the members will also get a chance to visit the ancient monasteries in Kaza & Nubra Valley.
Speaking about the Iconic event, Mr. Vivek Srivatsa, Head Marketing, Passenger Vehicles Business Unit, Tata Motors, said, "Since its beginning, the SOUL events have been a unique adventure for its members. The SOUL platform offers specially curated drives & experiences which are known to a very few. This edition in particular has been curated to provide our SOUL members with the toughest and the most challenging escapade as they take on the elements to get to the heart of the valley. With each passing edition, our number of participants has grown exponentially as the SOUL community forms everlasting bonds of Brotherhood. Accompanied by their fellow adventurers and Tata SUVs, this SOUL drive will give members a chance to visit some of the most incredible and uncharted areas in and around Ladakh."
Flagging off from Chandigarh, 31 participants will travel in a convoy of 10 Tata SUVs, in the Iconic Drive, designed to give the Tata SUV owners an experience of a lifetime. These adventure seekers will get a chance to drive more than 1600 kilometres, along the breath-taking, scintillating landscapes of Himachal Pradesh to the Land of the mystic Lamas – Ladakh, through mesmerizing valleys & lakes of Spiti. Their driving mettle will have to be in top form as they drive on one of the most challenging dirt roads of the region and make bonds for a lifetime.
Tata SUV Owners United League (SOUL) is an Owners community program from Tata Motors that brings together the Tata SUV owners through adventurous drives traversing across some of the most breath-taking landscapes. Since its inception in 2012, the community has grown to close to 13000 proud members. Along with the new SOUL Rewards Program, the SOUL program also provides exclusive offers to customers on Tata
Motors Genuine Accessories, extended warranty and insurance, to further enhance the ownership experience of their Tata SUV.
Accenture Appoints Julie Sweet CEO and Names David Rowland Executive Chairman, Effective Sept. 1, 2019
Accenture's board of directors announced that Julie Sweet has been appointed chief executive officer. David Rowland, currently interim chief executive officer, has been appointed executive chairman. Marge Magner, currently non-executive chair of the board, will resume her role as lead independent director. These changes are effective Sept. 1, 2019.
Sweet is currently chief executive officer of Accenture's business in North America, the company's largest geographic market with revenues of approximately $18 billion for fiscal 2018, serving more than 70% of the Fortune 500. Previously, Sweet was Accenture's general counsel, secretary and chief compliance officer. As a member of Accenture's senior leadership team for nearly a decade, she has played an integral role in the company's business and investment strategy. Prior to joining Accenture, Sweet was a partner for 10 years in the law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP. Upon assuming the role of chief executive officer, Sweet will join the company's board of directors.
"Julie is the right person to lead Accenture into the future, given her strong command of our business and proven ability to drive results in our largest market," said Rowland. "We are on a positive growth trajectory at Accenture and are very well-positioned to continue building on our strong momentum. I am so pleased and proud that Julie will lead our company, and I am excited to work with her — along with our entire senior leadership team — to ensure a seamless transition and on Accenture's next phase of growth and market leadership."
Magner said, "Julie has the leadership track record and breadth of business experience we believe are critical to lead Accenture, including the ability to forge major client relationships, a strong focus on leading with innovation, commitment to our people and core values, and a focus on delivering value to shareholders. Speaking on behalf of the board, we look forward to working closely with Julie as chief executive officer.
"At the same time, we are delighted that we will continue to benefit from David's experience in his active role as executive chair. He has been an exemplary leader as interim chief executive officer during this time of transition, with a steadfast commitment to driving Accenture's business and building on our strong momentum. We are grateful for his leadership and stewardship. With Julie as chief executive officer and David as executive chair, Accenture has a powerful advantage in the marketplace."
As executive chair, Rowland will continue to play a key role and be actively involved in Accenture's business. He will chair the board of directors, act as an advisor to Sweet and be involved in Accenture's long-term business strategy. He will also continue to represent Accenture with clients around the world and with key external groups.
"I am truly honored to lead our extraordinary company as Accenture's chief executive officer," said Sweet. "I look forward to continuing to work closely with our exceptional senior leadership team, along with David, as our executive chairman, and our entire board of directors. Accenture has the most talented people and group of leaders in our industry. Together, we will capture the next waves of growth for Accenture by remaining laser-focused on serving our clients, creating significant value for our shareholders and providing the best career experiences for our people."
Accenture confirmed that there is no change to the business outlook for the fourth quarter and full fiscal year 2019 that the company provided as part of its third-quarter fiscal 2019 earnings announcement on June 27, 2019.
Julie Sweet
Julie Sweet, 51, is currently chief executive officer of Accenture in North America, the company's largest geographic market, representing almost 50% of Accenture's global revenues. As a member of Accenture's Global Management Committee for nearly a decade, Sweet has played an integral role in the company's business and investment strategy. Sweet was Accenture's general counsel, secretary and chief compliance officer for five years, serving as principal counsel to senior leadership and the board of directors, and was actively involved in executing the company's M&A strategy and many of its largest and most complex commercial transactions.
Outside of Accenture, Sweet is a leader on topics including innovation, technology's impact on business, and inclusion and diversity. To address the critical skills gap in America and to create an inclusive innovation economy, she is working with leaders in business, education and government to create a national professional apprenticeship movement.
Sweet serves on the board of directors of Catalyst and is a member of the TechNet Executive Council. She is also a member of the Business Roundtable, a group of chief executive officers of major U.S. corporations formed to promote pro-business public policy, and previously served on its board of directors and as chair of the Technology Committee.
Prior to joining Accenture in 2010, Sweet was a partner for 10 years in the law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP. She holds a Bachelor of Arts degree from Claremont McKenna College and a Juris Doctor from Columbia Law School.
David Rowland
David Rowland, 58, was named interim chief executive officer of Accenture on Jan. 10, 2019. Throughout his 36-year career with the company, Rowland has held significant leadership roles and played a major role in shaping Accenture's growth strategy. Prior to his appointment as interim chief executive officer, he served as Accenture's chief financial officer since July 2013. Rowland is a longstanding member of Accenture's Global Management Committee, and served on the board and as Audit Committee chair for Avanade, a joint venture of Accenture and Microsoft. Prior to being named chief financial officer, Rowland served for more than six years as Accenture's senior vice president of Finance and chaired Accenture's Operations Council.
Renault Announces Nationwide "Monsoon Camp" Across Indian Market
Renault India, the number one European automotive brand in India, in continuance of its commitment to enhance customer satisfaction with a superlative brand ownership experience, has announced the commencement of a nationwide after-sales service initiative, 'Renault Monsoon Camp' till July 14, 2019 at all Renault Service facilities across India.
The week-long Monsoon camp will offer a comprehensive check-up for all Renault cars across 450+ service touchpoints. Trained and well-qualified service technicians would provide utmost care and expert attention that is needed for the vehicles. As per the guidelines stipulated by Renault India, the seven-day Monsoon camp will include a detailed examination of all key functions of the car to ensure necessary actions can be taken for optimal performance of the vehicle.
Renault India will also offer exclusive benefits to its customer under the Monsoon camp. Renault customers can avail up to 50% discount on select accessories, 10% discount offers on select parts, 15% discount on labour charges and other value-added services. Renault India will also provide 10% discount on 'Renault Secure' which offers Extended Warranty and Roadside Assistance. The company will also offer an exclusive plan on 'Renault Assured' to facilitate the customers with insurance renewal solutions.
In addition to the check-up facilities and free car top wash, Renault India will provide a host of other value-added benefits like special discounts on tyres (select brands) and 5% discount on engine oil replacement. Also, MyRenault app registered users will get additional 5% discount on select parts & accessories during this period. Several fun-filled activities will be organized for customers with assured gifts, making it a memorable and cherishing experience for them.
Ratnadeep Opens its First Super Retail Outlet in Indira Nagar; Plans to Open 6 More Outlets in the City
Ratnadeep opened their 1st store in Bengaluru, at Indira Nagar. The store was inaugurated by Sandeep Agrawal, MD and the film actor Kajal Aggarwal. The Hyderabad-based brand is unique and special in the supermarket store format as they have better advantage in terms of product navigation and customer friendly visual representation of the products on display. They currently have 54 operational stores and many more in the pipeline.
The store offers superlative customer convenience and a pleasant shopping experience to Bangaloreans. The imported fruits, vegetables and products stocked in the regular segment come with the assurance of best quality and price ''The imported assortment, Stock Keeping Units and quality merchandise are an added advantage with easy availability and proven authenticity of different brands compared with what is available in the general market and other stores'' said Sandeep Agarwal Managing Director, Ratnadeep Supermarket.
By the end of 2020, they aim to establish an addition of 10 – 12 stores in Bengaluru along with 25 stores in the twin cities. Talking about the growth of Ratnadeep, Sandeep Agrawal said, ''In 3 years only, Ratnadeep has opened 30 stores and aims to have a total of 100 stores nation-wide by 2020. The company will be employing over 4000 people out of which 60% of their employees will be women. Ratnadeep is expecting to reach a 1000cr turnover with a CAGR of 30% by the end of 2020.''
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Ninebot Segway is the most widely acceptable brand for e-scooters and short-listed three models for you to pick from, so you're one step closer to getting your dream e-scooter!
The InMotion V5F is a staple of introductory electric unicycles. The 14'' wheel allows for good range and speed in an affordable package. In this blog, we'll be going over why this is a great ride for beginners to master the basics of electric unicycles.
As electric scooters gain popularity in the U.S and worldwide, it will not be long before an electric scooter boom in cities like Toronto in Canada. They are great devices but there are some thing you should know about how to properly ride.
In the name of Christmas, we will be going over our top tips and maintenance tricks for hoverboard. In this article you'll learn both how to ride the machine, as well as keeping your machine working its best.
What are the differences between an InMotion V5F and V8?
InMotion has emerged in the Electric Unicycle market as an industry leader. Among its smaller wheels are the V5F and V8. Although the two machines are great in their own right, there are some key differences between them that separate them. In this article, we will be talking about some key spec differences, as well as different features and riding abilities.
What Kind of Electric Device Should You Buy?
In the top ranks of electric unicycles, enthusiasts will immediately think of the KingSong 18, Inmotion V10F, Ninebot Z10, or Gotway MSuper X. In today's blog we'll be comparing the KS18L to the IM V10F. They are both similar in their specs, but we'll break it down further by explaining their different ride styles. At this level of riding, an EUC is quite the investment, so we want to help choose what will work best for you.
What makes the Onewheel unique?
The ultimate Hoverboard addition: Hoverkarts!
HoverKarts are for everyone, moms and dads included. Even grandma and grandpa will enjoy these Karts. For those who don't have the right balance or weight to enjoy the ride of a hoverboard you can now sit back and relax. They are designed for all hoverboards from 6.5'' all the way to the biggest 10'' hoverboards out there. Just don't forget your helmet when the race begins!
What are the best electric skateboards on the market? | {
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I lead product management for consumer technology companies. Currently, I'm building virtual assistants for the future. In past lives, I helped build social networks like Tumblr and Flickr and marketplaces like Udemy. I founded a startup focused on imagery, launching three products: Imagist, SelfieIM and Pop.
I believe technology can improve lives if the builders are humble enough to listen.
In past lives, I traveled extensively, dabbled in investment banking, advertising and journalism. | {
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We have three new edits listed on IFDB this week, two of which are from Ryantology.
Star Wars: The Ford Awakens by Zarius - I've worked out a way of having Han live throughout the entire movie, and he accompanies Rey on her search for Luke at the end.
Rob Zombie's Halloween (The 1978 Edit) by Ryantology - The 1978 Edit really aims to take Rob Zombie's Halloween and make it closer in tone to its predecessor. The entire white trash family angle is gone, Michael never speaks as a child, and both the gore and language have really been toned down. The pacing is very lean and tight. Almost the entire movie has been rescored with a lot of music coming from the soundtrack to Halloween 2018.
David Gordon Green's Halloween by Ryantology - My edit of Halloween (2018) aims to tighten up the pacing while eliminating some of the more polarizing elements of the film like Sartain wearing Michael's mask. I also made a point to eliminate some of the more cringeworthy lines throughout when possible and added in a deleted scene to help with a bit of character development. Doesn't reinvent the wheel but also not a minor edit that took an hour to do.
This is the discussion thread for Week of January 20, 2019 – New Fanedits. Post away! | {
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When people hear the word "bullying" they often think of a schoolyard or playground where children sometimes struggle to intimidate or exert power over one another. This type of behavior also occurs between adults in the workplace. When a coworker or supervisor physically or psychologically intimidates another in order to get their own way, bullying has occurred. The threat may be expressed or implied, but in either case, the bully wishes to play on fear as a means of getting what they want. If someone speaks to you in a way that makes you feel threatened, if it's rude and unwelcome, then you are being bullied. This is true even if it's being done by a supervisor.
• The person doing the bullying: This person is wasting and misusing paid company time on non-company activity. This can causes a ripple effect which then reduces the productivity of other workers. There are many reasons why people do this to their coworkers. In some cases the people who are doing the bullying sometimes feel they are the ones being mistreated or slighted by being left out of the social circle. In other cases, the motive is simply to be in control.
• The people being bullied: Victims of bullying often prefer to avoid their tormentor rather than face the problem. They are distracted at work, anxiously spending time "looking over their shoulder." Obviously, their time would be better spent focusing on the task at hand. As morale slips, they dread coming in to work. They may develop attendance problems or even seek employment elsewhere in order to avoid the unwanted stress.
If you are bullied by a coworker, the first step is to tell them to stop. Let the person know you will file a report if it doesn't stop. If this brings further bullying or threats of harm, follow through and request help from management in writing. If the person doing the bullying is a supervisor, keep a record of each event and make sure to differentiate between occasions where the supervisor is doing their job and instances where your safety or personal dignity is being infringed. As with sexual harassment, go to the next level if help is not forthcoming. Top management does not want you to be bullied. Your morale is important to them and they are aware that bullying can lead to unwanted complaints and legal challenges.
Remember that bullying is a form of abuse. If it is clear to you that someone is being bullied, offer them your support. If your company or organization has an Employee Assistance Program, consider talking with an EAP professional for help and guidance. A safe and secure work environment is something everyone will benefit from.
John Starke is a licensed clinical social worker and employee assistance specialist at the Center for Mental Wellness, which is affiliated with Capital Region Medical Center. | {
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Q: Checking if an element(whos xpath location changes) is present using selenium IDE I am new to selenium. Is there anyway i could test if an element, for example an edit buttons is present in a page. There are multiple edit button and they all have different Xpath positions. Will it work if i use verifytext and give the value as "Edit"?
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Palestine and Israel – local initiatives: "That's the change I was looking for", 2019
(Text: Tessa Pariyar) In the last days of the Allgenders Seminar 2018, the group which had engaged in the dialogue about the conflict and the occupation through theater methods came up with the idea of continuing to work with this methodology during the follow-up meetings. They wanted to further develop the stories of the participants and show them to an audience at the end in small performances. By the summer of 2019, participants had met for four two-day bi-national meetings each, 15 uni-national meetings held separately or partly before or after the overall group meetings, and one Skype meeting. The latter was an emergency solution; so the participants could at least "see each other again" via the screen, after the first joint meeting had to be postponed several times. This had different reasons: The initial enormous difficulties in obtaining travel permits for the Palestinian group from Nablus for joint meetings in Tel Aviv, but also the war in Gaza, the temporary siege of Nablus by the Israeli army and the arrest of the father of a Palestinian participant.
The first uni-national meetings were not easy. Back home, the participants were caught up with the reality on the ground and their busy daily lives of work and university lectures: many of the Jewish Israelis faced the question of whether to join the army, and for the Palestinians, the political reality of the occupation increased the pressure from friends and family not to continue being part of the project. It is all the more admirable that the majority of the group remained motivated until the end. Expressing the conflict on stage using the methodology of theater of the Oppressed was also challenging beyond the routine of the seminar, especially for the Palestinians. "As always, it was not easy for the participants to openly show intimate feelings and share them with others, especially on stage as actors*: To come out of rigidity to life and start speaking." (All quotes in italics are taken from the reports of the coordinators and facilitators of the partner organization).
In mid-January 2019, the time had finally come for the Palestinians to receive travel permits for a two-day meeting in Israel: "It was the first face-to-face meeting of the entire group since the seminar in Germany. Politically, a lot had happened, which increased the pressure on the Palestinians not to participate. We started with an exchange about our activities in the last months and our motivation to continue the program. (…) After that, the participants read their monologues, which they had prepared and discussed in advance. Yael* and Moran* spoke about their activism against the occupation and the price they pay. This helped rebuild trust between the two groups."
While two of the Israeli participants completely refused their army service and others started their alternative service in social institutions, one participant decided to join the army after much deliberation: "Rotem* came by to say goodbye to the group because she had decided to join the army. It was brave of her to face this controversial discussion. Gradually, the others understood that she had decided this way not because she supports the army, but because she is willing to pay this price so that later her voice calling for an end to the occupation will be heard in Israeli society." During the following meetings, the participants continued to work on their stories to be shown on stage, both in terms of content and method. "Yara* decided to continue working on her story using the method of story-telling. Together they tinkered with the scene. Alya* helped, Mohammad played with Yara, and then Hasan joined in. Yara wanted to portray a very personal issue: How can a "mevukash," someone who is persecuted and arrested by the Israeli army, continue his life?"
In the Israeli group, many of the stories rehearsed to show to others revolve around the army and the challenges Israelis face when they refuse military service: "Moshe* and Aaron* rehearsed their dialogue between a grandfather and his granddaughter who doesn't want to join the army. The rest of the group played along as a family in the scene, which was meant to reflect Israeli society and the pressure to join the army. Yael*, Moran* and Yaron* had prepared a scene at the checkpoint: A Palestinian woman is humiliated when she is required to remove her hijab before being allowed to get food for her children. We tried to further expand the point of view of the young female soldiers* who are also oppressed by their commanders and Israeli society, and talked about gender issues at checkpoints from different angles."
Already at the first joint meeting, the idea of trying out the method of Theater of the Oppressed, developed by Brazilian director and playwright Augusto Boal, came up. This method involves the audience in a participatory way and gives them the opportunity to slip into a role during the play and change the course of action. This was met with great enthusiasm by the group and they decided to use this tool in the final performance. The weekend of the performances was approaching and the participants discussed the challenges of a semi-public performance especially with regard to the safety of the actors during the play, but also the risk of hostility and slander afterwards. Together they decided to play mainly with masks or hooded and to ask the audience not to bring cell phones into the theater space during the performance and also not to take pictures. It was also agreed that initially only people known personally to the partner organization or the participants would be invited, but that this should also explicitly include people with conservative or even religious-national political views.
The first performance took place in Thalita Kumi in Beit Jala, which is located in Zone C in the West Bank and is therefore also accessible to Israelis. Both groups met there the day before the performance for the dress rehearsal and to discuss the final details. The Palestinian group in particular was eagerly awaiting the event. At the same time, the actors were also nervous because some of their family members and friends would be coming the next day. "For them it was a kind of test, not only for their theater skills, but also for their national loyalty. They had to prove that this project was worthwhile."
Upon their arrival and first meeting with the Israeli group, the family members of the Palestinian participants seemed reserved, the atmosphere tense. There was a short opening, explanations about the project and the method of the Theatre of the Oppressed, then the performance began. The group showed their scenes and soon the first spectators rose from their chairs and became part of the play. "The participation of the audience exceeded all expectations. Both when they took on roles to give new directions to the scene, and during the discussion that followed each scene. During lunch, the atmosphere was different. Those who had been reserved before were much more open. Particularly notable was the reaction of a brother of one participant who had previously pressured her to leave the group. After the performance, his perception changed. In the final discussion after lunch, he expressed his respect for the program. The discussion with the participants afterwards was lively and euphoric. (…) Hasan* recalled the doubts he had expressed about the power of theater in the first seminar before his trip to Germany. Now, he said, he can really see the effects it has on the audience."
The performance in Tel Aviv the following day was also surprisingly well received by the audience: "Among other things, we showed the scene written by Yara*, which tells the true story of her father, who, after fighting in the 2nd Intifada, was imprisoned for many years. In prison he realized the importance and value of nonviolent activism. Nevertheless, in recent months he was arrested again and beaten twice." These and the other stories touched the hearts and challenged the minds of the audience. In a group discussion after the performance, Leah*, a school principal from Haifa, said, "I was pulled out of my comfort zone. I'm determined to find a way to bring these issues to my students* without being portrayed as a traitor." And Yara responded, "That's the change I wanted to make."
It was a weekend full of encouraging experiences, positive feedback and reactions from the audience that encouraged the group in their activism. This gave them back hope for possible change. However, the participants were quickly caught up in political reality: At their closing dinner on the beach in Tel-Aviv, a Palestinian participant was arrested by the police because his entry permit was supposedly not valid. Handcuffed and shackled, he was taken to the police station. Only after a long back and forth was he released.
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Fall-Apart Friday: Web Regs Pending
May 29, 2020 by George Ure
More tomorrow ("Digital Gardening: Liberation or Insurrection?") for our Peoplenomics.com subscribers. But the short version is "The Future has been lit" as president Trump seems to be catching up with what I was writing about in my 2012 book "Broken Web: The Coming Collapse of the Internet. "
Bullet Points:
As in the previous Depression, the US FedGov becomes concerned over the "communications commons."
When singly-leveraged Radio began to become a "people's tool for change" the FCC was created and empowered by the Communications Act of 1934.
In it's initial stages, the internet (remember the dial-up days?) was also singly-levered.
However, additional layers of leverage arose on the 'net because of two factors: Cross media messaging (web to tv and print) as dopes on the left were roped into supporting online radicalism and the advent of unregulated repost/retweet/remail technologies.
As a result, huge monetizations (and agendas to take-down of America) became easily orchestrated by a handful of knowing players.
And it's these things we were explaining in 2012 (a wee bit in advance of Burningapolis). The bitter bloom appears.
How Information is Leveraged Online
There is an odd fact that comes into view as we ponder "modern Life." That is "virus" and "viral" have some very interesting parallels.
You can see it in how the leverage has worked in Minneapolis where things are an ongoing mess.
Rightly so, smart phone cameras are exposing racism.
However, global socialist front-groups use terms like "liberation" loosely while in reality staging insurrection, leveraged off a killing. This as a police precinct was burned as onlookers cheered.
What's more, some of the groups promoting the outrage are using events to move a payback agenda and digital racism.
This Ties in to Trump vs. Twitter How?
Should be obvious, but in case it's not:
The socialist (insurrectionists) have been honing their skills of digital assassination on, among others, the American Middle Class. The whole made-up "Russian collusion" mess – which many weak-minded TDS victims still can't admit to – is but one aspect of the underlying attack on America.
Witness a growing division of America against itself. I assure you, it's not accidental. It's a business model and lots of folks want a piece of it.
The Communications Act of 1934 is now readily seen as a rhyme in response to cyclical question "Who will own the communications commons." There were battles over moveable type (free speech) over printing presses, over radio, then television, then networks, and now social media.
It's All About Money
When you look closely, you'll see its a financial "death dance."
The corporate (and largely left-leaning MainStream Media (MSM)) have quite stupidly thrown in with and have been promoting the very Social*ist Media and Digital Uprising that is stealing their old-line ad revenue. Hardly surprising, though; The liberalista media has ever been particularly strategic in their thinking.
Instead, they use tragic events in Minneapolis not as a rallying point for swift legal justice. Instead, they choose to "fan the flames" in hopes of momentary monetary advantage.
Why? Fair question. Follow the money and you'll see it.
A couple of stories contextualize it: "The coronavirus is set to wipe $50 billion off ad budgets this year — here's where that will hit hardest." And if that's not clear enough see the NY Times piece "The Atlantic Lays Off 68, Citing 'a Bracing Decline in Advertising'." Falling ad revenues – it's going around.
More detail tomorrow about the difference between "digital gardening" and "digital warfare" but for this morning our view comes down to this:
Racism is disgusting and reprehensible.
But the presently evolving monetizations of racism are equally so.
Unlike the government crack-down on unlicensed radio of the last Depression, we anticipate manipulative social media – able to charge mobs, riots and full-on insurrections with a few clicks and hollow promises – will lead to the coming (much harder) crack-down on the internet. We've been predicting it since 2012. But we were hoping it wouldn't blossom in UHD.
Web Regs Are Coming
The line to be eventually drawn should not be over "free speech." Instead, the line must be over artificially amplified speech. Retweets, Reposts, Remailing and other manipulations of a once "clean web" provide easy tools for dishonest hacktivists to attack democracy as once dreamt by our Founders.
It's why think tanks use the Delphi Technique. It is a tool to equalize the voices of all in order to get reasonable output. Loud voices, hate-filled, high-energy screamers are not often the most reasonable views.
Social Media manipulations the physical backplane that allows Soros-types to leverage a killing in Minneapolis to setting fires across America. Because, in the end, Everything Is a Business Model. Even attempted insurrections.
This is why UrbanSurvival doesn't have a big "social media footprint." We're in the business of thinking. Social media is largely the hate business.
Ya'll have fun with it. Bully yourselves silly. Hot-phrase yourselves to a frenzy.
Know what word doesn't appear in the Qu'ran or Bible or other great religious texts? Molotov.
First Hong Kong, Then Taiwan
President Trump will be holding a press conference later on today. Easy to see how the CCP will be moving into their Century of China: The first chess piece is Hong Kong, then will come the attack on Taiwan, and then? Well, that's when the "golden mushrooms" show up.
Word in the dream Realms is it may all stop after one major city is glassed, but the Future is maleable to an extent, so we shall see.
But enough of the longer view. Short term set up is found Fortune's report "Trump plans to weigh in on China-Hong Kong tensions, sinking global stocks."
Just almost made it to the top of our trading box at the highs Thursday, but in the end, things unwound and they are likely to keep unwinding through the weekend.
The Daily Data Dance
An-na One….
"Personal income increased $1.97 trillion (10.5 percent) in April according to estimates released today by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. Disposable personal income (DPI) increased $2.13 trillion (12.9 percent) and personal consumption expenditures (PCE) decreased $1.89 trillion (13.6 percent).
Real DPI increased 13.4 percent in April and Real PCE decreased 13.2 percent. The PCE price index decreased 0.5 percent. Excluding food and energy, the PCE price index decreased 0.4 percent.
This first data dance has more adjustments to it than a chiropractor.
An-na Two:
"Advance International Trade in Goods The international trade deficit was $69.7 billion in April, up $4.7 billion from $65.0 billion in March. Exports of goods for April were $95.4 billion, $32.2 billion less than March exports. Imports of goods for April were $165.0 billion, $27.5 billion less than March imports.
An-na Three:
Advance Wholesale Inventories Wholesale inventories for April, adjusted for seasonal variations but not for price changes, were estimated at an end-of-month level of $651.5 billion, up 0.4 percent (±0.2 percent) from March 2020, and were down 2.6 percent (±0.9 percent) from April 2019. The February 2020 to March 2020 percentage change was revised from down 0.8 percent (±0.2 percent) to down 1.0 percent (±0.2 percent).
An-na Four:
Advance Retail Inventories Retail inventories for April, adjusted for seasonal variations but not for price changes, were estimated at an end-of month level of $644.9 billion, down 3.6 percent (±0.2 percent) from March 2020, and were down 3.1 percent (±0.5 percent) from April 2019. The February 2020 to March 2020 percentage change was revised from up 1.0 percent (±0.2 percent) to up 1.2 percent (±0.2 percent).
If the An-na One sounded a bit Lawrence Welk-like, congrats on getting social security and surviving CV-19 so far.
Market Futures down 150.
Fed MUM Rate
Latest Federal Reserve Making Up Money rates as reveals in H.6 Money Stocks Table 2:
J Powell hisself speaks later this morning, clicking here will fetch you the details.
Around the Ranch: Busy as Hell!
Added East Texas lightning link and current ham radio HF band conditions to my personal home page here. Make notes on your personal change log of life.
Also, I'm working on converting our web images to the webp format for quicker load times. So if things are a bit sluggish while we optimize, sorry for the delay.
Have a great weekend, be safe. Viruses and Oil Depletion never sleep. On that note, up to the greenhouse to look in on the squash and zukes. (No sign of the gads, yet.)
Drop by the for Sunday for the ham radio corner and a second antenna feature "Quest for the Extra Decibel." Yeah… I found it, but is 1 lousy decibel worth a patent app?
Data Thursday, Fed Confessions, Crisis of Wave 2's
Digital Gardening: Liberation or Insurrection?
63 thoughts on "Fall-Apart Friday: Web Regs Pending"
George – U nailed the reason for the Season of Sell or the FAR trade.
Falling Ad Revenue Trade – eventually this realization will hit the Street, and analysts & investors alike will feel the Tide of Rising Future Revenues sucking out to Sea – and building into a FAAMG stocks Selling Wave..The Big Kahuna.
WTF is FAAMG ? Facebook/Apple/Amazon/Microsoft/Google. The big questions is WHEN – since I like to be ahead of the Herd – coot looking at Long Dated Out of The Money Puts in aforementioned FAAMG's.
How HARD R Ure Assets ? What no BTC – cant be that hard..
@ cxrash b
WHEN the fed stops printing……NEVER until the bond market rolls over….everything dies then…except G&S
If I said this on social media, the attacks would be instant, but the question is sound.
I was talking to my friend about the riots down there. She asked a simple question. If black lives matter, then why are there not people in the streets every time a black person kills a black person. This happens all the time. Where is their outrage then?
It was a good question.
Repeat after me: Monetizations. Hate is easy to monetize. Look at how the [corrupt] political parties do it.
The high road is gone.
Well there is a difference between the government killing your citizens. A citizen has almost no power to protect themselves against a government force intending harm. I think people believe they have more personal control about citizen on citizen violence. So I can mostly avoid general black on black violence by staying out of the drug trade and away from the roving gangs of troublemakers. I have so much less control at a random police home invasion or a stop and frisk incident that gets out of control. Of course as someone else mentioned, when you have been told since childhood that it is your race against the other, then a certain mindset develops. Giving people the benefit of the doubt is no longer on the table with that kind of base understanding.
"If black lives matter"
I was listening to the "Red line" radio program today on, http://www.910amsuperstation.com/ It's a Detroit radio station that calls itself the "largest minority owned/minority listened too" radio station. The stream never streams in my FF browser.
Anyway, a caller compared Floyd the man to a dog. The caller said if someone grabbed a Poodle in the park and started choking it out people would get involved right away. An arrest would be demanded. When a black life gets choked out by the police the loss doesn't matter.
Note: there is a conspiracy that Floyd and the COP worked together at a nightclub.
Was it Stanford university?? Dam I cant remember for sure that did a study between different neighborhoods..
By sending in people according to race to see the reactions when they brought up the cause..ALL LIVES MATTER…
The results really opened a person's eyes. Which has me curious if there was someone we with another agenda instigating some of this..
FOX broke that as "confirmed" around 2pm.
I'm still waiting for confirmation that the tannin in Floyd's dermis was in any way causative toward his demise.
It's not a conspiracy, I saw that reported as well, that the cop worked after hours as a bouncer in the club, and the victim was the door guy. I think that much has been established, just not whether or not there was something more personal too it. I'm not going to watch the video, but from my wife's description, the whole thing sounds like the cop trying to show that he's the big badass. If there was some friction between the in house security people at work, that makes some sense. (But even if they didn't know each other, the cop also appears to have a history of being an overly aggressive dick cop.)
Is the United States like the Knights Templars? Have we become so rich & powerful we don't think we can be defeated? Are we that arrogant? Yes. Have our values disintegrated to the Pagan level? If Trump is not re-elected, will the Democratic Hordes in Washington lead us to destruction in a massive giveaway to appease all, even our enemies? Will they even realize what they are doing? No. Or will sanity prevail? Possibly. Is our Democratic voting system flawed, causing us to elect Personalities & corruption over common sense?
"Have our values disintegrated to the Pagan level?"
NC… my impression is… YUP… a long time ago .look at how many rapes murders and violent acts on our automated daycare attendants.. computer games and televison..
Hell its been that way for a long long time where people elect others on personality, party or they get more from one party than the other,as the man next door who owns a dairy farm, stated that he always voted republican because he got more free stuff from them then the democrats.As far as the democrats giving away free stuff I presume you can read so how about theses trillions that Trump is handing out to wall street the bankers and to big business.Hell this system is done stick it with a fork and throw it out for there is not a chance in hell of going back to what we once was.!!!
Dairy Farmer indicates hard working person. Not the type of person the Democrats are interested in.
"Personal income increased $1.97 trillion…"
What? Are they just looking at Mark's checkbook now?
when trump tweets "LIBERATE …" and uses twitter as he does is that the same way you perceive the "socialists" do or is it somehow different?
re: trump's collusion. Why do you figure candidate trump lied openly, repeatedly and publicly throughout the campaign to the face of every single american voter that he had no business interests with a foreign adversary when he was secretly trying to develop a billion dollar tower with that very same foreign adversary? Candidate trump (like flynn) made himself a security risk. US presidential candidates that are security risks get investigated. That's the breaks.
"On November 3, 2015, the day after the Trump Organization transmitted the LOI [signed by trump himself on the dy of a US presidential debate], Sater emailed Cohen suggesting that the Trump Moscow project could be used to increase candidate Trump's chances at being elected, writing: Buddy our boy can become President of the USA and we can engineer it. I will get all of Putins team to buy in on this, I will manage this process .. .. Michael, Putin gets on stage with Donald for a ribbon cutting for Trump Moscow, and Donald owns the republican nomination. And possibly beats Hillary and our boy is in …. We will manage this process better than anyone. You and I will get Donald and Vladimir on a stage together very shortly. That the game changer.327" Mueller, Vol. 1, p. 71.
First, you are ignorant as shit about Obama's Jan 5 2017 white house meeting in laying out the political attack on the newly elected Trump.
If you haven't read it, see https://thefederalist.com/2020/05/08/obama-biden-oval-office-meeting-on-january-5-was-key-to-entire-anti-trump-operation/ for starters.
You incorrectly repeat the Democrat's BIG LIE alleging collusion as though it was a fact when there was none.
Why Trump-haters can see Hillary and Joe are just as (or more) crooked is beyond me? Pay for Play Foundation for here and Burisma for for Slow Joe.
When you come here, you can't lay out lies and repeat leftwing bullshit (collusion) and expect to get away with it unchallenged.
You either come here with facts (Mueller's pissing away $40 million couldn't find it, yet simpletons like you claim to "know it all" is specious).
General Flynn was set up and a left-wing activist judge – fuling from the bench in violation of ethics standards – is trying to bait "friend of the court briefs" to delay Flynn's of charges as long as possible. The Demoncrats want the delay so Trump can't rope the dope (Biden) and other ex-Obama types (and possibly Obama himself) into collusion charges for an attempted coup.
This is supposedly a country with an intelligent electorate. You're failing to make that case.
One more outburst of utter unsubstantiated and possibly coerced left wing bullshit like this and you'll get banned for spreading fake news.
America is a country of process, checks, and balances. The Mueller report found NO COLLUSION and the DOJ at Obama's direct set up Flynn.
Maybe you can't read, though…So, allow me to help:
You did a tremendous disservice to this website by failing to reveal that your out-of-context quote issues from Felix Sater, a convicted felon and government informant, and possibly then in active use by the DoJ.
Moreover, Sater was not exactly a "pal" of Trump as is reported when you dig into it:
"Trump International Hotel & Residence investor Ernest Mennes filed a lawsuit in U.S. District Court in Arizona in 2007. The suit alleged that Bayrock (run by Sater) had skimmed money its planned Trump development in Phoenix. It further alleged that Sater, an employee of Bayrock, had called Mennes in 2006, threatening him personally. The case was settled by Bayrock and Mennes was barred from discussing the matter. "
So you're prepared to come in here, repeat the LOSER HILLARY AND OBAMA BIG LIES without mentioning the allegation is from a convicted felon and government informant, you're not welcome. Both parties are crooked and you should be bright enough to realize that. Hammers and Blackberries?> No orange suit for Hil on destruction of emails? T?isk tisk.
One more fail like that and you'll be Banned.
Fair warning.
WOW, Thanks George for filleting him. Just another case of liberal ,unsubstantiated lying attempting to be passed of as truth. I've come to realize that if progressives have any morals , ethics or integrety at all it's because they stole them from an objective , thinking person while kicking him in the midriff. I realize that your blood pressure may be a bit high right now so I recommend a sit down and face to face with a large margarita. Again, thanks for putting numb nuts in his place.
WestcoastDeplorable
Thanks for straightening that asshole out, George. I agree, don't need no "fake news" in Ureland.
Jonathan M Chattin
Get 'em George!
GU – running from facts because they challenge your sensibilities ain't a good survival strategy. what I posted was a cut n paste from the mueller report. I cited my source. Not my facts, but facts none the less. And the facts are trump lied publicly and repeatedly to every single american voter about his business interests with a foreign adversary. Why would trump lie about it over and over and over again?
"Trump pursued a deal in Russia and hid it from voters
Candidate misled voters about 'nothing to do with Russia.' He signed a Trump Tower Moscow letter on the day of a presidential debate: Our view"
https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/01/22/donald-trump-pursued-business-deal-russia-hid-voters-editorials-debates/2642773002/
https://theweek.com/speedreads/810185/8-times-trump-denied-doing-business-russia
A fact would be: a convicted former felon, ex biz partner who got sued said bad things about trump
that's not proof of shit.
I see you didn't address the Benghazi princess pay for play? why is that?
@OG
just till the soil…and grow food..and share your milestones….commenting on politicians should NOT be and endeavor for your 'soiled hands'…
dell in Minneapolis
Some information from a local.
What transpired: See .
Dragged from car: .
Killing: .
Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey ordered the complete evacuation of the Minneapolis 3rd Precinct Police Station and allowed it to be ransacked, burned and destroyed. Both mayors stated the destruction of buildings and private property is acceptable and, refer to the killing of the individual, killing people is not acceptable.
Early reports were that Floyd had purchased something from a store and the clerk thought it was a counterfeit $20 bill. Called police.
Evidently he was well known by those in the store and had purchased items over a long period of time without incident.
They also said he was drunk. The videos all show him walking normally and slowly as the police were manhandling him.
Meanwhile the St. Paul mayor were keeping police and media away while looting and burning of businesses was allowed.
Arrest of CNN reporters covering the Minneapolis riots.
See .
The irony is that the police cordon were positioned to keep reporters away from seeing and videotaping rioters in the process of destroying the Minneapolis 3rd Precinct Police Station HQ building. Indeed, the police and National Guard demanded all media to remain blocks away from the actual scene or be arrested. That explains why the TV reports we saw on the nightly news were all from a long distance away. But NONE of media resisted or complained of the Gestapo-like tactics.
Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey ordered the complete evacuation of the Minneapolis 3rd Precinct Police Station and allowed it to be ransacked, burned and destroyed. Both mayors stated the destruction of buildings and private property is acceptable compared to the killing.
FBI media show:
Note they did not allow questions from the selected media.
Nor was Governor Walz, the Minneapolis Mayor Jacob Frey or St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter attending.
Ure,
Have you taken to censoring comments?
I provided the url's of the critical news videos.
But, you removed all of them.
NO, I haven't on any that I recall, Dell.
They may be auto flagged by the system, however.
I think I have it set at only one http link per post, or maybe two… can't remember
Also remember there is a delay between when a post is written and when I read it and approve (one in 100 doesn't make it, through, roughly).
I got a tree farm to run and a logging crew thinning out the trees…
dell, if the links you posted contained an HTML bracket (greater-than or less-than sign) or one of several other ASCII-extended characters, WordPress automagically deletes it before George ever gets a chance to see the post.
@ dell
NOW they will want TRUMP to pay for a new building….all dem agendas to loot this country….ALL…
The real question is what was going on in the city that required the destruction of the precinct police station as a diversion? Black ops in the chaos?
Bwahahahaha! We've got some crazies on this forum. Not sure if I'm one of them…
"The real question is what was going on in the city that required the destruction of the precinct police station as a diversion? "
I doubt, anything, but there's an awfully-lot of "left hand action" going on in the USofA right now, so…
Not crazy. Skepticism is the rule of the times.
"The real question is what was going on in the city that required the destruction of the precinct police station as a diversion?"
Hate!!!
frustraitions… the officer that killed the man.. he will be put in court.. I hope he pays his dues for his actions..the other attending officers should have stepped in and stopped it.. they to should be repremanded and possibly fired..
The Riots. all the violence the destruction looting.. well if this is something that was enticed then the one that enticed it and those that started it should pay for their actions.. violence is never an answer..
there are many forms of discrimination.. I can relate to a couple of them.. whether you are poor or rich.. the poor white black or any other color.. you are going to see some forms of discrimination.. old or young..the only place I know of at this time that is allowed to openly discriminate is with the insurance industry and the medical industry..
the discrimination that we hear the most is about someone's great great grandma and grandpa.. it is time to put all of that behind them and move on.. but that is only my opinion..
It is not Trumps fault about the riots.. it was a crime whether intentional or accidental let the justice system sort that out..
-Once again, in your exuberance to blame everything on some invented fantasy called 'socialists,' you miss what's staring us straight in the face.
-'Socialists' did not suffocate that black guy. A cop did.
[Redacted and banned for two weeks]
First, I never claimed socialists were involved in the killing.
What THE DIGITAL UPRISING DID was promote it through tweets, retweets, calls to action and social media – which is why violence has come to other cities.
When you write comments here, try first to turn off the little voice in your head and read what I'm saying, not your (wrong-head, misconstrued) version of what I write.
Enjoy the time out.
But G____, 97% of all professional leftists shills agree with Mike…
Only two weeks, G? You're far too generous. Maybe somebody should remind him who's in charge in Minneapolis (not that he'd bother to come back and notice the response). It's not the republicans.
Ohh nooo George – not Lawrence Welk!
Its friggin Friday and G breaks out the LWS, with the Lennon Sisters – whats on Ure mind tonight – round about 7:00pm EST?!
Growing up Eastcoast with nerd parents, LWS was on EVERY Friday night..old man would break out his wire brushes from Navy Band days, turn old metal trashcan in family-room upside down, and play along..such a dork.
Being an enlightened, well rounded, educated deplorable – I have in turn carried on the family musical traditions with my own little deplorables.
They were raised watching their old man get his drink on and sing and dance along with Julie Andrews to Sound of Music.. the hills are indeed alive with the sound of music! Yes – I took the whole family to Austria 5 years ago – no we did not do the S.O.M Tour in Salzburg.
Big joke now is about not letting me know when it is scheduled to come on again..haha Im going to find out – and I am going to make a fool of myself..AGAIN. Cause that is exactly what deplorables do.."heres Bobby and Sandi with Moon River.."- LW
? – Would it be Racist for POTUS to say "if U dont Vote for TRUMP – U aint White?
LOL Depends who you ask the question of… I'm sure monetizers would call it racist and shame him, lol. No one (except us) seems interested in absolute TRUE EQUALITY. Same rules for ALL.
mindfullman
This morning's discourse reminds me of a simple process. Ure's vision encompasses the big picture,an awareness of the whole enchilada. From behind the wheel you aim high viewing as far ahead as practical and checking ure mirrors and road conditions constantly. Awareness of potential hazards are key, Ure speed is adjusted for conditions of the road driver,rig, other driver's behaviors and condition of their rigs. Etc…
Then you have the idiots who can't see past their nose who ride up your ass. They'll pass you with their superior skill set and pull over in front of you within inches. Then they make a right a quarter of a mile down the road(without signalling of course).
May I say- I'll ride with Ure anytime.
"heres Bobby and Sandi with Moon River.."
Oh pahleeze… That'd be "Barbara and Bobby" (two of the original Mouseketeers, BTW.) Bobby Burgess was no Fred Astaire, but he wasn't bad.
Not that I remember any of that stuff. I never learned until years after its cancellation, that the reason my family watched it religiously, was one of the principal band members was my uncle…
We still watch it here every saturday night at six.. LOL LOL LOL LOL..
Here is ole Myran Floren…
https://youtu.be/AV-og7R0aBY
when I was a kid he would go over to my friends house during holidays.. and us kids were forced to sit and listen to him play.. all the time we were thinking about running out and playing with toys LOL LOL LOL LOL…
OTFLMAO…
Did you get the impression that some of those figure possibly were made up with creative accounting..
I DID..the moment I fluffied and a smoke ring came out lol… I got the distinct impression that someone was giving a good old fashioned smoke enima..
About Social Media…
When has any type of communication apparatus not been about monetization. Facebook employs 48,268 people. That means they are making a boatload of money. Some of the stuff on Facebook is awesome, some of it is trash…And some of it very revealing and newsworthy. No filters, means less to hide…on the the other side, no filters means more imposters and fear mongering…but we have free will to make choices.
Back in the mid 20th century, there were about 50,000 newsprint journalists in the US. That also means they were making a boatload of money. Some of the stuff on Newspapers was awesome, some of it trash and some of it not written about. Think of all of the calls from VEO's at major corporations telling editors to bury stories or lose ad dollars. Not everyone was Woodward and Bernstein…
Today, It's not the business model of how we get our news…it's the velocity of how we get our news that has changed. TV and Ted Turner and CNN back in the 80's sort of started it all. 24 hours of news was a game changer. The sports world and ESPN followed suit and the rest is history.
Today, we get our news in real time…thanks to camera phones. Some of it good, a lot of it bad. Darnella Frazier filmed with her phone the death of George Floyd. If that was me, I would have kicked that cop right in the teeth. But, I am white…I would have survived, albeit bloodied and bruised, but not dead. Darnella, 17 years old in her mind, didn't have that choice. She knows that Because she too is black, given the treatment the cops were giving George Floyd, she feared for her own life. We need to see this type of video. Otherwise, would it have been swept under the rug? If Darnella was just an eye witness with no video, would we have believed her? That's the power of social media.
The dark side of social media is when Trump tweets…"When there's looting we start shooting." Twitter censored that because rightfully so…it iclearly states in their regulations that Tweets that incite violence are not tolerated. Trump is also mad from an earlier post that he was fact checked on a tweet about main-in ballots…which of course he used Twitter to express his views. Twitter just responded…" get the facts about mail-in ballots" providing several links of news articles that gave more information.
Trump saw this as "stifling free speech" he of course said ON TWITTER. It's not.. they let you say it…They just fact checked you dumb*#@..
Trumps idea of stifling free speech is anyone who disagrees with him. That called fascism my friends.
Take aJoe Scarborough. Because Scarborough…a Republican, is critical of the President, he is now being accused by the President of killing his own staffer 19 years ago. The staffer Lori Klausutis' own widowed husband made a statement In a plea to Twitters Jack Dorsey that said.." I'm asking you to intervene in this instance because the President of the United States has taken something that does not belong to him — the memory of my dead wife — and perverted it for perceived political gain," Klausutis wrote.
Then Trump re-tweeted a haters tweet that said…"The only Good Democrat is a dead Democrat." Now, even though I am a Republican, I live in California…my wife and kids are Democrats…we have family in the Midwest, which we visit from time to time. Do I now have to be fearful of some nut job in mid Missouri threatening me because the President apparently thinks We all should be dead? White supremacy.anti-semantic acts became more empowered after Trump said there were very fine people on both sides after the catastrophe in Charlottesville…regardless of the spin that says he was referring to the taking down of the General Lee statue.. Robert E. Lee was a slave owner and a brutal slave master. Thankfully, he lost that war. And I find it kind of interesting that the president is now glorifying a loser. He always said that he hated losers. Robert E. Lee was a loser
After that removed Pittsburg and Poway shootings happened.
So, back to point…Trumps executive order is a sham. It's not about social media accountability at all. It's about Trump and only Trump. He wants to be the supreme leader with military parades, lines of Congressman taking turns praising him, (one of the most Disgusting things I have ever seen in politics…back in 2017), his own media company singing his praises and censorship of all that downplay is vial acts. This isn't about monetization…this is about power on the behalf of a evil dictator.
A few points, however in return, Mark.
One is to get the Trump quote right: "When the looting starts, the shooting starts." He was – as CiC – putting RIOTERS and insurrectionists (terms the soft-headed media are too biased to use) on notice in advance that actions have consequences. More than 55-businesses were destroyed. And contrary to the soft-headed left, free speech ends when the Zippo comes out for the Molotov's.
Definition of protest: To show to be true by reasoning or adducing evidence; prove.
Definition of riot:
A wild or turbulent disturbance created by a large number of people.
Consigliere in Ohio drove by two demonstrations – the black community was well mannered. The mostly white Antifa-backed riot downtown? Itching for a fight and breaking windows and such. Anarchy dude.
Second point: I don't have enough factual background to question Trump's call in the Scarborough case. He may have access to information not available to the public. He's done that a fair bit…in advance of later disclosures.
Third point: I wrote of web licensure coming in 2012 and I'm honestly surprised it has taken this long to arrive. Of course as an EO it will likely not fly, but social media is more dangerous than any stripe of religious fundamentalism EVER.
Fourth point: It's ALWAYS about the money!
Could it become or is it about the weaponization of money?
@ George
MARx ALWAYS misses your point as well as OTHERS…
HE is dead set in his HATRED of OUR PRESIDENT…and that is a point not wasted on many at this site…
I have to agree regarding looting! Classically, the penalty for looting has always been being shot on sight. In an emergency situation, looting is simply not tolerable, and nobody has time for the niceties of arrest and trial. Nothing stops looting faster than the near certainty of death. It's harsh, but quite understandable.
I do believe that Twitter crossed the line in censoring the president's tweet. Nobody is required to read it, and it certainly didn't "incite violence". Fair warning is much better than surprise under these circumstances.
God I am right with you George.. you are right on the money..
If I read your intent correctly, you believe that Facebook offers an unfiltered product to users. "No filters means less to hide."
I conclude Facebook's algorithm appears to have blended what you deem to be an imposter and fearmongering into a false sense of self-satisfaction that you made a free choice.
But then again, I could just be a fool.
Propaganda Pimps like $$
Mark, that other Mark Z, is the world's greatest example of how Monetization truly rules, George's point confirmed!!
Fencesitters, get swayed by the propaganda:
https://qz.com/1796113/trumps-facebook-ads-target-specific-interests-such-as-audi-hbo/
Hey Big Spender (Trump spent the most on Facebook ads), we don't care what lies you want to promote, we just like your money!
https://www.businessinsider.com/trump-other-advertisers-spending-most-on-facebook-political-ads-2019-11
Facebook will even take your Dark Money (undeclared foreign buyer of ad)
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jul/05/facebook-ads-2020-dark-money-funding-republican-trump-weapon
And of course manipulating the cabin fever (lockdown) and insecurity of the 40 million newly unemployed shouldn't be too hard, GOP 'paid protestors' :
https://www.salon.com/2020/04/24/gop-donors-pay-to-bus-protesters-to-cities-to-demand-governors-ease-coronavirus-restrictions-report/
There's some 'questionable protestors' in the crowds:
https://www.vox.com/first-person/2020/5/29/21274891/george-floyd-cop-arrested-minneapolis-breonna-taylor
And for 'Foreign Collusionist Believers' (Mueller got the wrong country!), the Leprechaun country (Ireland) stashes Facebook's gold pots from IRS (when Irish eyes are smiling!):
https://www.inc.com/jason-aten/facebook-is-preparing-for-a-9-billion-showdown-with-irs.html
These are just my thoughts, please take them or leave them be. That cop that killed Floyd, did anyone else know the look on his face? Did anyone else wonder if he knew the exact moment when Floyd died? Did you notice the urine stream coming out from under the vehicle signifying loss of bodily function and in many cases, death? When Floyd's body relaxed, had his neck broken? There was something so cold, demented, and possessed about that cop. He just would not 'break' his gaze or his routine/method until Floyd was dead. Then he stopped. That was the worst part, no talking to him as bystanders tried to do, no reasoning with him, nothing, he was like a trained animal holding another animal by the neck until dead.
I wonder how can it be such a coincidence that this bad cop and Floyd worked at the same Latino club in MN (which is now closed). Something really stinks here for me; I no longer trust my government, the FBI, CIA, the politicians, the elected leaders, I don't trust any of them anymore…not the democrats nor republicans, not the senators, congressmen, state office holders, supreme court, none of them.
I don't put it past our crooked swamp to concoct this interaction/meeting between a black man, and a white cop over a supposed fake $20 bill. Because this hold till he's dead behavior, is so out of line, it is beyond comprehension.
4 cops and not one of the other 3 said, hey bud, let him up, it's enough, he's subdued.
Did you see at the end of the video the white cop strutting and approaching the asian cop with his strut and the signaling of support. UNBELIEVABLE.
I can say that the Daily Mail has constantly stirred up racial tensions in the United States by always naming the WHITE man/cop/person for anything against any other race, and CONSTANTLY DOWNPLAYING when a person of color commits a crime against an innocent white person. For example, the black man that walked up to the husband/wife at their son's grave, and the black man shot them point blank in the back of the head.
I bring this up to show that my take is now this: THE MAINSTREAM MEDIA IS THE ENEMY OF THE PEOPLE DOING IT'S BEST TO SOW DIVISION, RACIAL HATRED, AND FOMENT CIVIL UNREST.
Martin Luther King AND Ghandi wanted PEACEFUL PROTEST. This was RIOTING; not protesting.
"4 cops and not one of the other 3 said, hey bud"
One did — the rookie. Unfortunately (for him), if'fn my count is right, he's also one of the ones who held Floyd's body down.
Chauvin had THREE jobs: Cop, real estate broker/agent, and the full-time security guard at El Nuevo Rodeo for the past 17 YEARS. The idea he and Floyd, who had worked at the Rodeo for more than a year as both a floor bouncer and special events security didn't know each other (or even socialize, at least occasionally) is laughable. That's Santamaria (club owner) playing CYA (which makes me wonder "why?") Santamaria sold the Rodeo and bought the radio station which shares the building with the Rodeo. Lotsa variables, lotsa pieces, and I have planting to do, so someone else can get their hands dirty on this — just remember to accept nothing any politician, or anyone in the media, says, and don't buy into any conspiracy theory (if you can prove it, it ain't a conspiracy; if'fn you can't, it's a worthless waste of time…)
Chauvin has a smokin' hot ETHNIC wife (see "Kellie Chauvin" or the "Mrs. Minnesota Pageant" for details) he's been "work-neglecting" for the last 10 years, save occasional weekend days.
BTW, two Departmental complaints, one involving a dashcam (no other info publicly available, and I don't personally know a single cop from Minnesota.) The rest are not necessarily either good or bad – just "incident writeups" (most cops NEVER receive an incident writeup during a 30 year career) and a citation for valor, which make me believe he is a highly-aggressive person. Just sayin'…
What do any of y'all think the murder of Floyd was really about, now…?
Hmmm I think I will keep my powder dry and my larder full and watch the fun
If Molotov's were really being tossed, then that implies trained firebugs. Most people would light themselves trying to improvise a fire bomb.
all I know is it was big rigged last night .. the circus on the corner of wall and broad.. smart guys not me are flabbergasted at the degree of manipulation ..
Jester re the Grassy Knoll Paved Over
Seeking questions for answers? The MSM coverage offers them:
A South Minneapolis bar owner alleges the alleged murderer as well as the victim were both working security during overlapping timelines as recently as the end of last year, but does not know if the pair knew each other at that work setting.
The restaurant security video of across the street from the main event apparently notes two people in the vehicle further down the street. The decedent had exited it, and somehow a call for police attendance was generated prior to the nearby asphyxiation event occurence.
HAWAII VIRUS STATS FROM HDOH:
Total cases: 649 (3 newly reported)*
Hawai'i County: 82
Honolulu County: 419
Kaua'i County: 20
Maui County: 118†
Pending: 0
Residents diagnosed outside of Hawai'i: 10
Required Hospitalization: 83‡
Hawaii deaths: 17
Released from Isolation: 605§
Cumulative totals as of 12:00pm, May 29, 2020
*AS A RESULT OF UPDATED TESTING INFORMATION, ONE CASE WAS REMOVED FROM THE COUNTS.
Three new cases reported in Honolulu.
I know of people leaving ussa on mercy flights. They drove from Florida to Los Angeles and got a plane out . Yeah it's about the evil in markets and the divisions angst and anxiety the robots and their masters make. Everything we know technical collapsed . Roman Empire end game evil. Fractals ? Yes symmetrical patterns of never ending evil
'Don't throw money at black Americans to riot': Candace Owens spars with Soros-funded NGO over alleged hand in Minneapolis unrest
Conservative firebrand Candace Owens has started a feud with Open Society Foundations, after accusing the George Soros-funded NGO of fueling the ongoing riots in Minneapolis.
https://www.rt.com/usa/490081-candace-owens-soros-minneapolis-riots/
I'm guessing Candace is guessing.
My OPINION may involve guessing, or at least a combination of deductive and inductive reasoning, and is subject to change as my information improves or variables resolve.
My INFORMATION never involves guessing.
The reason I stated Soros' minions were on the ground in Minnehaha, and in LA, Memphis, and Balmer (if'fn you don't know, ask someone from Mary's Land…) is because I know this, with a high degree of certainty. The reason I haven't stated Soros' fingerprints are on riots in NYC, Denver, Columbus, D.C., et. al., is I haven't found the money or stench trail yet.
With that said, The "protest" at the White House looked like a textbook Soros OP. The crowd did everything short of shooting Agents, to try and draw Secret Service personnel into a "Facebook moment." The intent of their handlers (create a Kent State redux) couldn't have been more obvious. I watched the coverage on the idiot box until I physically felt IQ points draining from my eye sockets and suddenly remembered why I never watch TV networks any more. I've rarely seen a more motley assortment of ignorant, useful idiots.
…Everybody is still buying into the paradigm that Floyd's death was a race-related incident, and not a cold-blooded murder. {Show me the evidence.} As far as anyone knows, Floyd may have slipped the salami to Chauvin's (incredibly hot, BTW… Search "Kellie Chauvin Mrs. Minnesota" for reference) Hmong wife.
I detest all the hate that is beins shown in these riots.. many of these people don't even know or can associate with discrimination.. and if someone is funding it and enticing these actions of evil and hate, destruction and violence then they should be punished to the full extent of the law..
Read/heard around the Web and TV yesterday and today:
FOXNews on-scene correspondent: "People around the country, using the same chants, the same signs…"
{sorry, didn't catch her name}
This was FOX' "wall to wall riot coverage."
I noticed neither the field reporter nor the anchor seemed to find it interesting that rioters in Columbus and San Diego, Denver and NYC, were all saying the same things and carrying the same signs… A body can only be a skeptical cynic for so long these days before he realizes contemporary society REQUIRES same.
Michael Snyder: "If you think that these riots about police brutality are intense, just wait until the economic riots start."
Snyder is less-optimistic than George, but probably not pessimistic enough…
I don't know what FOXNews' show lineup is, but one featuring Chris Wallace just began. In his opening monologue, Wallace used the word "lockstep" instead of "lockdown," and then corrected himself.
Freudian slip…?
Joe Biden (2/22/20 CNBC): "I'm prepared to say that I have a record of over 40 years and that I'm going to beat Joe Biden!"
THIS quote is what's really behind the "big deal" every anchor and pundit made this week regarding his "You ain't Black" comment. The above comment is what's in Creepy Joe's left hand. the Black comment is what's in his right — Don't look at his left hand, now…
Speaking of "Kent State redux:"
2 Security Guards Shot In Downtown Oakland
OAKLAND (CBS SF) — Police were investigating the shooting of two Federal security guards in Oakland, on Friday night.
The shooting happened at the Federal Building in the area of 12th and Clay streets, according to authorites.
Police do not believe the incident was not related to the demonstrations happening nearby over the death of George Floyd.
No word yet as to whether there are any suspects, or the condition of the victims.
https://sanfrancisco.cbslocal.com/2020/05/29/2-security-guards-shot-in-downtown-oakland/
Copy/pasted complete with typo and lousy grammar, from KPIX-TV. I kinda wonder if the double-negative is a typo or intentional…?
BTW, one of the officers has died.
Jester re South Side Bricks 'n Chips Served Hot
Do you ever wake up in a morning and think hey, Arnold handled that in "Total Recall"? Charged with murder, wife walks out but she never was I guess because hubby 1 was always there. And was the beat partner not a brother-in-law? I forget. So if hubby 1 expired in Laos, funeral in Mo, and burial in Wi, you'd think the ssn would show up in the publicly available death master file.
As for the spreading states of anarchy, its an utter disgrace those $tupid young making mando of not so paper tigers.
Here come the boss.
Pentagon puts military police on alert to go to Minneapolis
DELRAY BEACH, Fla. (AP) — As unrest spread across dozens of American cities on Friday, the Pentagon took the rare step of ordering the Army to put several active-duty U.S. military police units on the ready to deploy to Minneapolis, where the police killing of George Floyd sparked the widespread protests.
https://apnews.com/cf9947a3ca9f3225f9645fd330403eae
It was embarrassing, watching the Mpls Mayor babble incessantly, nearly crying like a baby, because he's out of his league and can not comprehend why "we can't just talk about it." Dude! George Soros dumped 1500 agitators (there's only about 75 left now, because once you get a mob moving in a direction, the movement is easy to sustain) and several million bucks in your town, and you want to sing Kumbaya?
Floyd's death is a false paradigm, but Black Americans have legitimate issues and there are many peaceful (if ignorant) protesters involved. This is why, even though Soros is driving the lawlessness and violence, I'm hoping reason prevails and a net good pulls a phoenix act.
The things which scare me most are the two Fed guards being shot last night by the Oakland mob (because it may encourage rioters in other towns to bring guns instead or urine bottles), and if demonstrators actually breach the Secret Service line at the White House. Either will result in a bloodbath, and with the Bay Area shooting, every LEO is going to be scared and on edge.
p.s. IMO, somebody should've tunneled that Nazi SOB when he broke the Bank of England. There'd be a million or so people who could have died a normal death, and Vichie Nuland might have been tried & shot for attempting a coup in Georgia or Libya.
Jester on "A Riot is the Language of the Unheard"
Dear Mr. Ure,
The CBC went with an AP picture from Columbus, Ohio this weekend that included moments shortly after the city council president and other ptb had allegedly been pepper sprayed by police. Front and centre in the image is a "Morehouse Men for Obama" red t-shirt wearer. Fair enough. But the adjacent blue golf shirt wearer appears to bear the same Morehouse College. Is that MLK's alma mater in Atlanta? It's a small world.
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✓【200%+Extended BATTERY LIFE】High capacity 5200mAh Li-polymer rechargeable battery case for iPhone 6s/6(4.7-inch)keep your iPhone6/6s charged whole day,equals to 24+Hrs talk time,56+hrs music,12+Hrs video or 7+hrs game time.Backup charging case for iPhone 6/6s ONLY.Support Apple Air-pod,traditional 3.5mm earphone,or any wireless Bluetooth headphone.NOT SUPPORT wireless charging or Apple carplay,Ear-pods with lightning connector.
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This case fits my iPhone 6plus perfectly! It's so easy to use. Simply hold the button on the back for around 2 seconds and the charging begins, do the same again to turn it back off. So simple! Charging the case is absolutely perfect. You keep the case on the phone, plug lightening cable into the case and it begins to charge your phone first, then when phone reaches 100%, the case starts to charge, perfect for overnight charging ready for the next day! The build quality is prestine and the weight isn't too heavy at all. It's just right and makes the phone feel well protected with a prestige weight to it. I love it. Would recommend 100%. Can't fault it at all.
Happy with the Delivery, very fast. The battery case looked just great When it was out of the box,didn't feel cheap or flimsy.
I've had it for a few days and it works fine so I come here! As described it fits my iPhone 7P well and I can charge both together.When the battery is charged,it charges my iPhone 7plus twice. It tells you how much power is left in the charger by the different colored lighting on the button.It's so convenient for on the go emergencies that I don't have to find my power bank and cord. So far I'm very happy, will recommend this item to my friends.
Love it this external cover! I always stay on the move and the battery is easy to running out for my iPhone 6s. I used to take my power bank and a cord which is not that convenienct indeed. Now I got this and it does what it says on the tin, fits my phone well without adding a lot of bulk or weight. When my phone battery is low, I can simply press the on/off button and keep the charge at 100%. So far I'm happy.
Excellent product for the iPhone 7. Have been looking for a battery case for my phone for some time. This one is excellent. when the phone is running out of juice, push the button on the battery cover and it re-charges. The cover is made of a very good quality material - I highly recommend this cover.
Really! A simple note to say it does not support Apple Play!
This battery case is exactly what the doctor ordered. It fits my Iphone 8 plus like a glove. Highly Recommended!!!
Use to extend battery life of iphone 6s. Phone fits easily and snugly into case. Best part is I can still use the same usb cord to charge both phone and charger at same time.
Charges fast. Really happy especially compared to my experience with the last one I had from another seller. Will see how long it will last but so far very impressive. | {
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Q: React-Native - Error: ReferenceError: SHA-1 for file metro/src/lib/polyfills/require.js is not computed im getting this error in react-native, and the project cannot start using an android emulator. I'm not using Expo, and tried to clean gradlew and delete node_modules and see if it have some errors but nothing have worked for me.
This is the error log i have:
error: ReferenceError: SHA-1 for file /home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/lib/polyfills/require.js (/home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/lib/polyfills/require.js) is not computed
at DependencyGraph.getSha1 (/home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/node-haste/DependencyGraph.js:263:13)
at /home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:211:26
at Generator.next (<anonymous>)
at asyncGeneratorStep (/home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:46:24)
at _next (/home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:66:9)
at /home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:71:7
at new Promise (<anonymous>)
at /home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:63:12
at Transformer.transformFile (/home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/DeltaBundler/Transformer.js:236:7)
at /home/logan/.nvm/versions/node/v12.16.1/lib/node_modules/react-native/node_modules/metro/src/Bundler.js:87:34
A: I have used this in metro/src/node-haste/DependencyGraph.js, but i don't know if it is the best solution because i will lose it if i delete node_modules again:
if (!sha1) {
return getFileHash(resolvedPath)
function getFileHash(file) {
return require('crypto')
.createHash('sha1')
.update(fs.readFileSync(file))
.digest('hex')
}
}
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Prince Harry slammed Prince William for questioning his Meghan Markle romance for this reason, book claims
in Prince Harry
Home Prince Harry
Prince Harry was allegedly so enraged by Prince William questioning his whirlwind romance with Meghan Markle that he blurted out to his older brother, "Who the hell do you think you are?"
The allegation was made by bestselling author Christopher Andersen in his new book being released on Tuesday titled "Brothers and Wives: Inside the Private Lives of William, Kate, Harry, and Meghan."
In it, Andersen quoted a source who claimed the outburst occurred in September 2017 when Harry, 37, hinted he was going to propose to his American girlfriend, Page Six reported on Monday. William, who is second in line to the throne, then asked his sibling "Why rush things?"
According to the outlet, Andersen wrote that Harry was also "furious that his brother was actively seeking to have others interfere in his personal affairs." William, 39, allegedly reached out to their uncle, Earl Charles Spencer, and expressed his concerns about Harry's relationship moving quickly. Andersen noted that William, who can be "very stiff," allegedly feared that the former American actress was "an opportunist."
PRINCE HARRY FELT HE WAS 'BEING ERASED FROM THE FAMILY' AFTER QUEEN ELIZABETH'S PHOTO SNUB, BOOK CLAIMS
Prince Harry (left) and Prince William's (right) alleged fallout is explored in Christopher Andersen's new book.
(Getty)
Andersen also revealed that both William and his wife, Kate Middleton, were "alarmed" by the numerous tell-alls that Markle's estranged father, half-sister and…
Prince Charles Denies Claim He Asked About Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's Children's Skin Color | {
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The high stakes database is an exclusive service that keeps track of the biggest poker games online. Here you find professional poker players' results in online games back to 2007. The poker results update every 24 hours and cover Full Tilt and Pokerstars.
Get your free HighstakesDB account to search the database, or login here.
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HighstakesDB first started tracking the online high stakes poker games in January of 2007. Initially only Texas Hold'em results and Omaha results were part of the games monitored, but as the games progressed and games shifted, both more poker rooms and games have been added. It now features a majority of the high stakes games and variants played at two of the world's biggest online poker rooms, Full Tilt and Pokerstars.
The high stakes results for the past seven days can be searched freely when logged in, and will show the complete list of winners and losers within the selected period for all poker rooms, players and stakes tracked. If a longer period is queried there are certain restrictions put in place as per an agreement with the poker site Pokerstars.
Please note that the above only applies to Pokerstars and Full Tilt and not other poker rooms HighstakesDB may track. See the results disclaimer for more about the high stakes tracking. | {
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Wayanad (Kerala), Aug 10 (ANI): Heavy rainfall triggering flash floods in parts of Kerala and has adversely affected lives in the state. All five floodgates of Idukki dam have been opened. Indian armed forces and natural disaster response teams have been deployed for rescue operations. | {
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With an incredibly low weight, the Laser Photon 1 is the definitive single person tent for suited for both lightweight travel or adventure races.
DAC poles with Green Anodizing™ technology.
This product is compatible with the FastPack system.
The Laser Photon 1 is perfect for travellers looking for the lightest kit with a small pack size or for mountain marathon and adventure racers.
Terra Nova FastPack system is a method of using a Footprint instead of the inner tent if conditions permit and is designed to trim even more weight and bulk from your rucksack. Footprints, which are available here cover the area under the inner and porch and are designed to prolong the life of the tent and help keep it clean. For FastPacK tents a Footprint must be used if the inner tent is not to provide the tension and anchor points required by the poles.
Due to the super light nature of the material used in the tents construction we are unable to factory seal the seams, in a conventional method. However they are positioned and sewn in a way that minimises water penetration and it's possible to add further protection yourself, with seam sealer, to fully waterproof the tent. A free black pole cover (tied on) is also supplied with the Laser tents to fully waterproof the main seam, add stability, protect the zip and add extra protection to the most exposed part of the tent to UV damage. | {
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Economic savings for scientific free and open source technology: A review
Joshua M. Pearce, Michigan Technological UniversityFollow
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Both the free and open source software (FOSS) as well as the distributed digital manufacturing of free and open source hardware (FOSH) has shown particular promise among scientists for developing custom scientific tools. Early research found substantial economic savings for these technologies, but as the open source design paradigm has grown by orders of magnitude it is possible that the savings observed in the early work was isolated to special cases. Today there are examples of open source technology for science in the vast majority of disciplines and several resources dedicated specifically to publishing them. Do the tremendous economic savings observed earlier hold today? To answer that question, this study evaluates free and open source technologies in the two repositories compared to proprietary functionally-equivalent tools as a function of their use of Arduino-based electronics, RepRap-class 3-D printing, as well as the combination of the two. The results of the review find overwhelming evidence for a wide range of scientific tools, that open source technologies provide economic savings of 87% compared to equivalent or lesser proprietary tools. These economic savings increased slightly to 89% for those that used Arduino technology and even more to 92% for those that used RepRap-class 3-D printing. Combining both Arduino and 3-D printing the savings averaged 94% for free and open source tools over commercial equivalents. The results provide strong evidence for financial support of open source hardware and software development for the sciences. Given the overwhelming economic advantages of free and open source technologies, it appears financially responsible to divert funding of proprietary scientific tools and their development in favor of FOSH. Policies were outlined that provide nations with a template for strategically harvesting the opportunities provided by the free and open source paradigm.
©2020 The Author. Published by Elsevier Ltd. Publisher's version of record: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00139
HardwareX
Pearce, J. (2020). Economic savings for scientific free and open source technology: A review. HardwareX, 8. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2020.e00139
Electrical and Computer Engineering Commons, Materials Science and Engineering Commons | {
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Magna Carta Rediscovered
Home » Projects » Round 4 Grants » Magna Carta Rediscovered
In 2015, the lively and historic market town of Faversham joined in the 800th anniversary commemorations with 'Magna Carta Rediscovered', a major Kent touring exhibition, plus a host of special events.
Faversham can boast a special right to be part of these commemorations as proud owners of an edition of Magna Carta dated 1300, the last reissue of the document and featuring King Edward I's seal.
The touring exhibition embraces a range of interactive tecniques that bring Magna Carta to life and launched in Faversham at The Alexander Centre on 23rd May 2015. Partly funded by Heritage Lottery, the free exhibition enables significant public access to rare and unseen historical documents from this period. The tour also features the 1300 re-issue of Faversham's Magna Carta for the first time.
Other events in the town included a 'Magna Carta Weekend' on the 13th and 14th June, the highlight being a Medieval Fayre. 'Protest, Democracy and the Law', an exhibition staged by the Faversham Society, highlighted the long history of protest in Faversham, starting in 1300. Shepherd Neame, Britain's Oldest Brewer and located in the centre of Faversham, has brewed a specially commissioned Magna Carta ale.
Click here to visit the dedicated Magna Carta Rediscovered website.
Lord Bingham
Master of the Rolls (1992-1996)
When you were kind enough to ask me to speak this evening I was Master of the Rolls and as such ex officio Chairman of the Magna Carta Trust. The Magna Carta Trust is a charitable body devoted to increasing knowledge of and... | {
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Trinity is the church's attempt to understand God's revelation of Godself in all its parts and relationships. And a most useful work it has been. At a most practical level it provides a way of understanding and responding to God who enters into all the day-to-day issues that we face as persons and churches and communities from the time we get out of bed in the morning until we fall asleep at night, and reaches out to bring us into participation on God's terms, that is, on Trinitarian terms. It prevents us from getting involved in highly religious but soul-destroying ways of going about living the Christian life.
Trinity understands God as three-personed: Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God in community, each "person" in active communion with the others. We are given an understanding of God that is most emphatically personal and interpersonal. God is nothing if not personal. If God is revealed as personal, the only way that God can be known is in personal response. We need to know this. It is the easiest thing in the world to use words as a kind of abstract truth or principle, to deal with the gospel as information. Trinity prevents us from doing this. We can never get away with depersonalizing the gospel or the truth to make it easier, simpler, more convenient. Knowing God through impersonal abstractions is ruled out, knowing God through programmatic projects is abandoned, knowing God in solitary isolation is forbidden. Trinity insists that God is not an idea or a force or a private experience but personal and known only in personal response and engagement.
Trinity also prevents us from reducing God to what we can understand or need at any one time. There is a lot going on in us and in this world, far exceeding what we are capable of taking in. In dealing with God, we are dealing in mystery, in what we do not know, what we cannot control or deal with on our terms. We need to know this, for we live in a world that over-respects the practical. We want God to be "relevant" to our lifestyle. We want what we can, as we say, "get a handle on." There is immense peer pressure to reduce God to fit immediate needs and expectations. But God is never a commodity to use. In a functionalized world in which we are all trained to understand ourselves in terms of what we can do, we are faced with a reality we cannot control. And so we cultivate reverence.
Trinity keeps pulling us into a far larger world than we can imagine on our own. | {
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Wirus SARS, SARS-CoV (ang. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus), SARS-CoV-1 – wirus z rodziny koronawirusów, będący czynnikiem etiologicznym ciężkiego ostrego zespołu oddechowego (SARS). Został zidentyfikowany w 2003 roku. Uważa się, że jest to wirus pochodzący od zwierząt, być może nietoperzy, za sprawą których rozprzestrzenił się na inne zwierzęta (cywety), a także ludzi. Pierwsze przypadki zakażeń wirusem SARS wśród ludzi odnotowano w 2002 roku w prowincji Guangdong w południowych Chinach.
Opis
Jest to wirus RNA należący do koronawirusów. Średnica cząsteczki wirusa wynosi 70−100 nm, a genom zawiera 29751 lub 29727 nukleotydów (w zależności od szczepu) i jest to największy znany wirus RNA. Ponieważ cały genom wirusa został odczytany, wiadomo, że w 50−60% jest on identyczny z innymi koronawirusami.
Różnice w budowie i innych cechach morfologicznych, a także klinicznym przebiegu zachorowań, pozwalają stwierdzić, że jest to nowy wirus, odmienny od dotychczas znanych koronawirusów, które u człowieka powodują łagodnie przebiegające infekcje dróg oddechowych i przewodu pokarmowego. Przypuszcza się, że do powstania nowego wirusa mogło dojść w wyniku transdukcji obcych genów lub rekombinacji z innymi koronawirusami.
Czas wylęgania: 2−10 dni, maksymalnie do 14−20 dni.
Wirusa wyhodowano z wydzielin z dróg oddechowych, w ślinie może się znajdować 100 mln cząstek wirusa w 1 ml. Niewielkie ilości wirusa można stwierdzić w moczu i surowicy.
Przeciwciała przeciwwirusowe w klasie IgG zaczynają się pojawiać w surowicy ok. 9−10 dnia od zakażenia. Do celów diagnostycznych zaleca się oznaczanie w surowicy w 21. i 28. dniu od początku choroby.
Do zakażenia dochodzi najczęściej drogą kropelkową, a także przez kontakt zakaźnego materiału z błonami śluzowymi. Udowodniona jest możliwość zakażenia przez kontakt z kałem osoby chorej. Ponieważ przy wykonywaniu procedur medycznych istnieje większa możliwość kontaktu z wydzielinami chorego, stosunkowo często dochodzi do zakażeń wśród personelu medycznego.
Zakażenia
Pierwsze zakażenia wirusem SARS wystąpiły w listopadzie 2002 roku w mieście Foshan w prowincji Guangdong w Chinach. Stopniowo doszło do rozprzestrzenienia się wirusa na inne rejony Chin, inne kraje Azji, a potem, drogą podróży lotniczych, inne kraje świata. Przypuszcza się, że do pierwotnego zachorowania doszło w wyniku kontaktu ze zwierzętami trzymanymi w klatkach na targu. Stwierdzono zakażenie cywet, fretek i kotów wirusem SARS.
16 kwietnia 2003 roku Światowa Organizacja Zdrowia ogłosiła, że wirus SARS, należący do rodziny koronawirusów nowy patogen nigdy przedtem nie spotykany u ludzi jest przyczyną ciężkiego ostrego zespołu oddechowego (SARS). Zidentyfikowanie wirusa było efektem ścisłej współpracy 13 laboratoriów z 10 krajów.
Zobacz też
SARS-CoV-2
SHC014-CoV
Przypisy
Koronawirusy | {
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Prophet T.B. Joshua is currently in the Holy Land of Israel, where he met with various dignitaries including the Mayor of Nazareth, Ali Salam, and the Minister of Communications, MK Ayoob Kara.
"What a blessing meeting with you, Prophet T.B. Joshua. We can't wait to have you for a revival in Nazareth. We are ready." - Mayor of Nazareth, Ali Salam.
"This is my friend. Welcome, Prophet T.B. Joshua." - MK Ayoob Kara, Israel's Minister of Communications. | {
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I realised I couldn't post all the pictures from yesterday's game between Pakistan and Australia here on Well Pitched, so I created an album for you people.
The players, the commentators, the action, the post match presentation, and the press conference - they're all there.
You will not see these pics anywhere else, so if you use them for any purpose, please give Well Pitched credit.
Awesome pics! Esp the post-match ceremony. One thing that surprised me is how how young Aaquib looks: he seems like he could jump right in there anytime during the game!
AWESOME pics man!!! What a beautiful ground. And what a great opportunity to witness this series!
BTW, just a suggestion. You could post these pics on Facebook, and share the album externally. Those without FB access (or who are not on your friends list) won't be able to see/post comments, but your FB friends will. There is a comments box in Picasa, but FB's is better.
it is a beautiful ground Sledge. The grass is so lush and green.. if u dont like to play cricket, u'd like to lie down and sleep on it.
I tried fb initially but the 60 pics per album was bugging me.. didnt want to upload 3 albums..
@Q: cut out some dupes. May not be able to get to one album, but easily two.
Yeah that makes sense Sledge.. will do that with pics from Wed and Today. | {
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A very comfortable, pure wood easy chair that only Wegner could design. Suitable for use on its own or in groups. Its sawback design is closely related to Wegner's dining chair, CH_29..
Available in an oak/walnut combination (reminiscent of Wegner's original oak/teak combination) or in pure oak. | {
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For beer lovers, Michael Ward co-founder of the Great Australian Beer Festival (GABF) has a dream job: travelling the world sampling and experiencing the best beer and beer festivals on offer.
Michael said he's passionate about events and has gone far and wide to ensure one of Geelong's premier calendar events – the GABF – leads the pack when it comes to craft beer experiences.
"For the seventh year running the GABF will be the only event where all regional breweries attend at the same time. We evolve every year and change brewers to ensure no one gets bored, but we always guarantee local representation," he said.
Serving up the best live entertainment, craft beer and food at the Geelong Racecourse on February 16, Michael said when he saw fellow organiser Kieran Blood looking from someone to help with the inaugural GABF he thought "ripper".
"Originally Kieran already had someone lined up who was an electrician but they got a big contract so had to focus on that. He came across me and I thought ripper, at that stage I only really drank your stock standard beer," he said.
"The first beer Festival was a great learning curve. I went to Sydney one weekend in the early days and in a regular pizza shop, they had around 40 different labelled beers to choose from.
Michael said the GABF has a specific demographic which helps them determine what their patrons want and how to best deliver a memorable experience.
"We also do extensive surveys after and the overwhelming feedback we got was the tasting cups were too small. People had to keep getting back up, so this year we've made them bigger to ensure people can relax and socialise on the lawn for longer," he said.
Other changes include the introduction of cans for breweries that have them, once again addressing customer's desire to be able to sit, drink and talk for longer periods.
For Michael, the GABF is all about making people happy.
"To me the beer festival is not just about the beer, there's so much more to it than that. It's about creating a social event where people can catch up with their friends and explore new music, while experiencing beer and cider. It's good fun, I like making people happy," he said.
For more information, go to gabfgeelong.com.au. | {
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UK removes 'key barrier' to installation of household battery storage
The government regulator for gas and electricity markets in the United Kingdom has released updated guidance clearing up the confusion surrounding the installation of storage at households exporting solar to the grid. More still needs to be done though, argues the Solar Trade Association.
Distributed Storage
The Solar Trade Association has hailed the clarification, stating that it has removed a "key barrier" to battery storage for 900,000 U.K. solar homes.
Image: Nissan
Ofgem has updated technical guidance, which has removed what has been described a "key barrier" to the residential battery storage market.
Until now, there has been confusion over whether homes that have installed solar and receive export tariffs for supplying the grid with the generated electricity, are still eligible for payments if they add battery storage and a smart meter.
"The legislation underpinning the RO and FIT schemes does not refer to or define storage or storage facilities. This means that the co-location of storage with accredited renewable generation is neither expressly prohibited nor expressly provided for under the schemes," writes Ofgem in the new guidance document.
It continues, "However, we consider that where the requirements of the schemes continue to be met, storage can be deployed and the accreditation of RO generating stations or FIT installations can remain valid under the existing legislative framework."
The country's Solar Trade Association (STA) has hailed the clarification, stating that it has removed a "key barrier" to battery storage for 900,000 U.K. solar homes.
"Government has been telling the industry that they want to see battery storage market take off in the UK, but the confusion around installing battery storage with existing FIT-accredited solar has been a key barrier," says Nick Wood, analyst at Powervault and chair of the STA's Residential Energy Storage Working Group.
However, the association says that greater clarity would be beneficial, given that Ofgen's explanation is "complex".
Indeed, the document says, "It is possible that co-locating storage may impact the eligibility of an accredited RO generating station or FIT installation to receive continued support under the schemes, or may alter the amount of support received." As such, "Generators should consider carefully the requirements of the scheme to ensure their proposed configuration does not adversely affect their ability to receive support under the schemes."
STA is also calling for a decoupling of the smart meter roll out from the requirement to move to metered export; and the removal of 20% VAT for retrofit battery storage systems, which is much higher than the 5% VAT for new PV and storage systems
"We would like to see this deemed approach retained as an option for existing solar homes that want to install smart metering alone, until we can be confident they will not be caught up in regulatory spaghetti or potentially hidden expense," said CEO Chris Hewett. | {
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It's that time of year again, Golf! On the banks of the Pemi River, surrounded by views of the time White Mountains lies the Jack O Lantern Golf Course in Woodstock, NH. Featuring Class A PGA Life-time Membership, Professional Golf Instruction, Entertainment, Famous breakfast and dinner buffet, and the best hospitality New England has to offer. The panoramic views of the White Mountains makes for a relaxing golf weekend. Jack O Lantern Golf Course opens May 20th, so mark your calendars! You are here to relax and enjoy.
From Boston: Follow I-93N to Exit 30. Take a right off of the exit. Approx. 2 hrs.
From Providence: I-95N or I-495 to I-93N. Follow Boston directions. 3 hrs.
From New York City: I-95N at Exit 48 merge onto I-91N towards Hartford. Pick up I-84E.
Merge onto I-90E – Mass Pike. Merge onto I-495N Exit 11A. Merge I-93N Exit 40B. Follow Boston directions. Approx. 5 hrs.
Johnsbury. Take I-93S to Exit 30. Take a right off of the exit. Apprx. 3.5 hrs. | {
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"Move! It's over with! I can't do this with you anymore Charlene!" As Seth stormed out of the dismantled room, Charlene dropped to her knees and continued to beg her boyfriend of three years not to leave. Unfortunately for Charlene, those pleas fell on deaf ears as the roar of his engine drowned out her sobs as his blacked-out Hellcat sped away.
For the next what seemed like hours, Charlene sat on the floor staring at the wall. Her beautiful brown face streaked with now dry tears as new ones took their place. If it were not for the phone ringing, she would have sat in the same place for another hour trying to figure out what just happened.
"Girl, you need to just let him go. You already know that he is no good for you. How many times are you going to go through this, friend?" Even though she knew her friend was telling the truth, the fact remained that she loved this man. Three years of her life she had given to Seth even after proof of his infidelities had surfaced. Even after he put his hands on her too many times to count and even after he fathered three children with three other women during their relationship.
"Tina, I know you are concerned for me but believe me, I'm fine. He just needs time to cool off and he will be back. I… I just can't see my life without him in it." As Charlene spoke, the tears began again as Tina sighed heavily on the other end. "Listen, Charlene, I hope he doesn't come back. I have been your friend for over six years and three of those years have kept me on edge and scared for your life. Every day that you are with him, I wonder if he will kill you, or if one of his hoes will try to fuck with you. I am tired of you not knowing your worth honey."
Tina was not only Charlene's friend of six years, but she was also her co-worker. Both women worked as a receptionist at a popular dentist office in the stylish Buckhead district in Atlanta. Charlene, an employee for four years was able to get her friend on a year prior after she was included in a massive layoff at her previous company.
"I know… I know Tina," Charlene sighed. "I should be happy that he is gone but… I don't know. Look, I am going to try to get some rest. See you tomorrow?" As silence filled the phone Charlene fought back tears, hoping Tina would hurry and answer. "Sure… see you tomorrow. Call me if you need anything."
"Hi, I have a 2:30 appointment with Doctor Webster." Charlene was speechless as the tall, brown-skinned man stood in front of her. His smile was perfect and from what she could see from his body- that was perfect as well. She could not tell if his crystal green eyes were his or contacts, but the longer she looked into them the harder it seemed to look away.
"Ummm hmmm…, " Tina softly grunted. "Oh… uh! Sorry! Doctor Webster… yes, and you are David Kemp? Just… just sign in here and we will get you back in just a moment." "Oh my god! Thank you! If it weren't for you clearing your throat I would still be staring!" Charlene said- embarrassed at her actions as she watched the extremely attractive gentleman take a seat in the waiting area.
"If I didn't know you, I would think you were trying to get with that," Tina joked as her friend continued to blush as she looked at the patient who was consumed by whatever was keeping his attention on his phone. "What! No! I mean… he is fine as hell but… no. Besides, I don't even think he looked twice at me," Charlene said while organizing some paperwork that did not need organizing.
Over the three years that Charlene had been with Seth her self-confidence had dwindled to almost nothing due to his verbal, mental, and physical abuse. And although she was the envy of most women and the weakness to almost every man, she no longer saw the beauty that she possessed. All she saw herself as was worthless and dependent on her abusive ex- but for some reason, this stranger did something to her that she had not felt in years.
"Mr. Kemp, you can come on back now," the chipper hygienist said as she held the door open for David as he smiled at her and headed back. "Wish me luck," he joked as he passed the receptionist desk- his mesmerizing eyes locking directly onto Charlene. "So, what was that you said about him not looking twice at you?" Tina said jokingly, seeing her friend melt in the seat next to her. "I'm going to have to go to the bathroom and dry off if I get another look like that!"
Unfortunately, Charlene's panties were already damp from the initial engagement with David, so this just added to her problems down below. Luckily for her, her shift was about to end in less than an hour but until then, for the next forty-five minutes, Charlene and Tina continued to take care of patients in the swanky dentist office in the heart of Buckhead.
"Good seeing you again David, just see the receptionist to schedule your six-month visit. Have a great afternoon!" It was as if a bolt of lightning shot through Charlene at the sound of David's name. She was hoping he would be done before her shift was over. She just had to lay eyes on this man one more time. "Me again," David smiled as he pierced Charlene's soul with his eyes. "So, I see," Charlene said playfully. "What day works best for you Mr. Kemp?" She continued.
"Well, that depends." David's deep voice dug into Charlene and sent shivers through her petite body. While clearing her throat she realized that she was squeezing her thighs together tightly due to the wetness beginning to ooze from her once again. "Depends on what?" Charlene asked- puzzled at the statement. "Well, it depends on if you will be here to check me in or not."
Charlene was trying hard to hold it together. Between the wetness between her legs, Tina making sounds under her breath, and this fine specimen of a man standing over her obviously flirting- it was almost too much for her to handle. "Uh, well, I don't know my schedule six months in advance but if nothing changes, I… I guess I will be here," Charlene said as she stumbled over her words. "Trust me, she will be here. She never misses a day," Tina chimed in smiling- catching her friend off guard.
"Well, that settles it, Ms. Charlene, schedule me for any day that you think you will be here," David said as he playfully winked his eye before taking the paperwork from her hand and walking out the door. "Tina!!! Oh my god!!! I'm going to kill you girl," Charlene laughed as she gathered her personal items, obviously not at all mad at her friend. "Let's get out of here girl, the first thing you need is a cold shower to cool down and then drinks after. You cool with that?" Tina asked as the two walked through the large, frosted glass doors. "I am definitely cool with that!"
As the women said their goodbyes in the parking lot, a familiar voice rang out from behind. "Charlene!" "You better go, girl! That is my cue, you better call me after this," Tina said, smiling mischievously as she opened the door to her cherry red Lexus SUV. "Mr. Kemp?" "Please, call me David. Listen, I don't mean to be weird, but I overheard you and your friend saying you were getting off around this time and I just wanted to talk with you in a more private setting," David said as he looked around the bustling parking lot which was not private in the least bit but more private than in the office.
"Soooo, David, that appointment does not work for you anymore?" Charlene joked as the sexiness of this man was more apparent in the warm sunlight. She was lost again in his trance as the sun danced around in his almost transparent light green eyes. His brown skin looked as smooth as chocolate. No imperfections could be found anywhere. His beautiful white smile was captivating and his voice… electrifying! "So, what do you say? Do you mind if I take you out for a drink sometime?" David asked again as Charlene was lost in her thoughts.
"I am so sorry David, drinks? I would love that. Can I ask you a question?" Charlene asked nervously as she shielded her eyes from the sun. "Anything," David responded in a serious tone. "Why me? I mean, why do you want to take me out?" "Is that a joke question?" David asked as he looked around the parking lot as if trying to find hidden cameras.
"You are beautiful! The truth is, I have been coming here for a year now and each time I have tried to get up the nerve to ask you out. Unfortunately for me, every time I would come you would be on your way out. So today I knew I had to make my move I mean, I don't get to see you but once every six months," David laughed as he pulled out his phone.
How she missed this man was beyond her as Charlene listened and blushed like a schoolgirl being asked out by the high school football star. "The connection I felt with you was undeniable and I was hoping that you felt the same thing," David said as he leaned against her car. Oh yeah! I felt it, Charlene thought to herself as she scanned David from head to toe picturing him in different positions other than leaning against her car. "I admit, there was a small connection there," Charlene lied as she shifted her weight on her other foot, preparing to talk for the next hour if that was what David wanted.
The two talked for the next fifteen minutes like old friends before exchanging numbers and going their separate ways. Later that evening over drinks at Ormsby, the stylish speakeasy restaurant on Howell Mill Road, Charlene filled her friend in on her new mystery man and the conversation they had in the parking lot that afternoon. But for some reason, she seemed to feel disloyal to Seth for exploring something new with a new man. She knew well enough to not let her friend in on that piece of information because she was not ready to be scolded.
Why she felt that way she did not even know or knew why she cared. All he did was cheat on her throughout their relationship and it wasn't that he took care of her the way that she would have wished for. He had mind-fucked her for so long that she no longer knew who she was without him… that is- until David.
"I am glad to see you moving on Charlene. I hope you don't pass up something good because you're thinking about that clown. I am happy for you and let's be honest. Seth doesn't have anything on him!" Tina was almost livid that her friend was still entertaining the thought of Seth, but what she needed now was support, not a lecture. The two friends enjoyed a few more laughs and drinks before closing out their tab and heading home.
Two weeks later Charlene received the call that she had been holding her breath for. And as the deep sultry voice filled her ear, she thought she was going to cream all over herself. "Hey, I have been thinking about you. A lot," the deep voice said. "Can I see you this evening?" He continued. "David," Charlene weakly responded. "When were you thinking?" "Anytime that is good for you. I am free whenever," David said, confidence filling his voice.
This man is dangerous Charlene thought to herself while already envisioning his thick lips embracing beer bottles and hopefully other things. And those eyes. "How about this afternoon around maybe 4 o'clock?" Charlene asked flirtatiously as she smiled into the phone.
"Sounds perfect. Can I pick you up or would you rather meet?" David asked cautiously. The last thing he wanted to be was too forward. He understood boundaries and did not want to fuck this up. He had eyes for Charlene for far too long to crash and burn now. "Meeting is fine, did you have a place in mind?" Charlene asked. Although she would love to be whisked away in his chariot- she knew that now was too soon for him to know where she lived. After all, she did not know this man at all.
"I was thinking The Capital Grille on East Paces Ferry Road, is that ok with you? I am in the mood for a great steak." "Oh ok, I see you," Charlene said, her grin widening across her beautiful face. "So, this is date night huh? Of course, that sounds nice, but I might have to push that time back to 5 o'clock. I didn't realize that I was going to have to pull out my best tonight," Charlene laughed.
As the two wrapped up their conversation, Charlene was glowing. It had been a long time since anyone made her feel this way. So sexy, so worthy and boy did it feel good. However, after returning from her moment of happiness, it dawned on her that she did not have any clothes worthy of this outing. Seth never allowed her to wear or have anything sexy or revealing in her wardrobe. Although he was the cheater, he always accused her of stepping out on their relationship or looking like a thot when she went out.
His insecurities always seemed to affect her life and no matter how much she tried to convince him that what she wore was fashionable and not trashy, but he did not want to hear it. Instead, he belittled her and made her get rid of the garments in question. She hated what he made her wear which was worn out sweatpants and tennis shoes. Maybe Tina was right Charlene thought. Maybe I do need to forget about him.
"You look beautiful! Can I ask, where are you off to tonight?" After an hour of shopping, Charlene finally found the perfect outfit at the Pink Sky Boutique which, luckily for her was right around the corner from her condo. "Oh, thank you," Charlene said to the attentive store attendant. "First date tonight so you know how it is girl," she continued as she smiled at herself in the large stylish floor mirror. "I'm actually running behind so if we could get this wrapped up it would be great," Charlene added as she looked at the time. The last thing she wanted to do was be late and make a bad impression.
On the ride home, Charlene filled an ecstatic Tina in on her plans that evening and asked for any advice since she had been off the scene so long. "Just be the wonderful you that you are honey. Just be confident and open. I am so proud of you taking this step!" Tina screamed, enthused at the idea. "Yeah… I know… but…" "Wait, that better not be skepticism I hear," Tina fumed, cutting her friend off mid-sentence. "What is it?" Tina asked, worry filling her voice.
"Nothing. It's… it's Seth. He… he called and text me the other night. He said he wanted to talk. But I didn't respond to either one of them." Charlene confessed, sounding like a wounded child as she said Seth's name. "Fuck Seth! Charlene, please don't tell me you are thinking about taking his sorry ass back!?" Tina was so upset at her friend but mostly, she felt sorry for her. No matter what she told her, it was her that was going to have to make the final decision about her life.
"I don't know what I want to do Tina! Three years is a long time to throw away. What I am feeling right now with David is good but- I don't know him. As I said, I did not respond." "Well listen, you have a big night to get ready for lady! Call me tomorrow, you know I love my Saturday brunch with you, and I can't wait to hear every detail of your night," Tina squealed as they ended their call.
The city lights were bright, and the city was vibrant as Charlene silently rode in the back of her Uber. At the last minute, she decided not to drive based on the amount of wine she had to ward off the jitters, and she was still beyond nervous. "We have arrived ma'am!" The polite Uber driver said as he gave her front door service to The Capital Grille.
Eyes immediately turned as Charlene stepped out of the car. Her elegant black dress fit her stunning body perfectly. She was flawless in every sense of the word- from her beautiful pecan brown face which was adorned with a perfect set of dimples to the tips of her toes which was covered with a pair of six-inch black Christian Louboutin red bottom stilettos. Her almond-shaped brown eyes scanned the crowd of people standing outside the restaurant as well as the people passing by. The late June weather was perfect this night Charlene thought as a soft gust of wind blew gently through her shoulder-length straight black hair as she walked towards the door.
"Not only are you right on time, but you are also fine." "David, I did not even see you," Charlene gasped. At this point, she was pleased with her decision to have a couple of glasses of wine beforehand based on what was standing in front of her. David exuded a sex appeal that she had never seen. His smile was intoxicating, and she could not help but submit to his now bedroom green eyes which complimented his brown smooth skin and handsomely chiseled face.
Not until tonight did she realize how much he towered over her 5'6″ frame. He must have been at least 6'3″ tall and every inch of it was in perfect shape. She could tell by the way the crisp white button-down laid against his chest that everything beneath was solid. Damn, she thought as she continued to scan his body. The biggest mystery for her at the moment was if the bulge in his pants was excitement from seeing her, or if it was his member at rest. Either way was a particularly good look and just another perfect asset on this man's body.
"I just got here myself about two-minutes ago, it took me a while to find parking. I should have been smart like you and ordered an Uber," David laughed as he slowly walked closer to Charlene, who was beginning to get moist at the almost intimate closeness the two now shared, and the scent of his Yves Saint Laurent cologne made her want to leave all her inhibitions right there on the sidewalk as the wonderful scent danced in her nose.
"Being late was not an option," Charlene managed to say as David took her small hand in his before leading them to the entrance. "I have a five o'clock reservation for two." While David took control Charlene could not help but admire his confidence and calm demeanor. Her hand felt warm and secure in his as the two were led to their table.
David was without question an alpha male and she loved it. Just by the way he held her close let all other men know that she was his and she had no objections to those assumptions. Women could not help but drool as the beautiful couple walked by and envy showed on the faces of their male counterparts.
He turned heads as he walked through the dimly lit restaurant. His sleek black tailored suit and crisp tailored white button-down underneath complimented every inch of him. It was something about the way he wore his shirt open at the neck with no tie. Not everyone could pull that off, but he certainly could.
"Did I already tell you how stunning you look?" David asked after the two settled in their very cozy and intimate nook. "The question should be, did I tell you how absolutely handsome you are?" Charlene was surprised by her confession as the last word left her lips. However, she did not care- this man needed to know how good he looked, and she was going to be the woman to tell him. "Well thank you, I had to come correct. I mean… I could not step to someone as beautiful as you any old way," David laughed as he placed the cloth napkin in his lap. The night was perfect, and Charlene felt like a princess as the two talked, laughed, and feasted on wine and appetizers while they waited on their entrees to arrive.
"Ma'am, we have the 10oz Filet Mignon- medium. Also, for you ma'am we have Grilled Asparagus with Lemon Mosto and the New England Clam Chowder Soup. For you sir, we have the 22oz Bone-In Ribeye- medium-rare. Also, sir, we have the Lobster Mac and Cheese and the Field Greens Salad. Is there anything else at the moment that I can do for either of you?" The polite and well-spoken waiter said as he attentively waited on a response. "No, thank you, I believe that will be all for now," David responded as the two looked over the beautiful spread in front of them.
As it turned out, not only did David play the part of a successful and take-charge individual, but he was all that and then some. As Charlene would learn over dinner, David was a very distinctive and prominent lawyer in Atlanta. He owned a remarkably successful law firm which was located on Peachtree Street where he and his colleagues practiced anything from real property disputes to identity theft disputes.
His firm was one of the most prestigious and recognized as they represented businesses and individuals throughout the Atlanta metro area, Georgia, and most of the Southeast. Speaking with David was so easy, nothing like she was used to, and for almost three hours the two had gotten to know each other very well. So much in fact that, another thing she learned over dinner was that those entrancing eyes were the real deal.
"Will we be having dessert tonight?" The waiter asked as he cleared the empty dishes from the table. "Actually, I think we will have it to go," David laughed as he placed his hand over his stomach. He and Charlene were stuffed but knew they could not resist some of the classic desserts that only Capital Grille could offer. "Very well, so ma'am for you I have The Capital Grille Cheesecake, Brulee style with fresh berries and for you sir I have the Flourless Chocolate Expresso Cake, is that correct?" "You got it," David responded.
"So, I had an absolutely great time with you tonight Charlene. I hate it has to end, but I am sure we will do this again soon. So… what time is your Uber arriving?" David asked as the two walked hand in hand out of the restaurant. It was as if David was reading her mind because just like him, she was not just ready to end the night either. Luckily, she had more than enough liquid courage on board to be spontaneous thanks to all the drinks she had consumed before and during dinner.
"I had a wonderful night as well and thank you for the spectacular dinner." As Charlene looked up and into David's handsome face, she melted. The feel of his large strong hands against the small of her back made her want to feel more of his body against hers. "Actually, I didn't order an Uber. I was hoping that I could convince you to give me a ride instead," Charlene added as she slowly ran her hands along the front of his blazer.
The smile that came across David's face was breathtaking, it was as if his prayers had been answered. "I would be honored," David managed to say as he led the two through the busy sidewalk to his car. Once inside his custom-built Range Rover, time seemed to stand still as they looked into each other's eyes. There was an unspoken desire that was understood between both of them even though the silence that filled the air was thick.
Charlene's lips submitted to David's as he gently caressed her face and slowly pulled her lips to his. The warmth from his full lips seemed to warm her entire soul as her tongue begin to explore his mouth. She never wanted this moment to end, she never wanted his hands to leave her body.
Everything that she had been through with Seth- the abuse, the belittling, her lack of confidence, David seemed to heal in that very moment. She felt safe and she did not want to ever feel anything else. For so long she thought she could not live without Seth, but now, she knew that she could and that he did not deserve her and would never be able to make her feel less than ever again.
"I am sorry if I overstepped my boundaries," David said as he slowly pulled away from Charlene, hunger still in his lust-filled eyes. "Trust me… you didn't," Charlene said as she slowly exhaled while placing her hand on his. If only you knew she thought to herself while watching him set up his onboard navigation. "Good. The last thing I want to do is fuck this up," David smiled as he gently squeezed her small hand. "So, where to?" David asked as he prepared to enter her address in the system. "Surprise me," Charlene said coyly as she smiled and settled into the plush red leather seat.
Ten minutes later David pulled into a long, gated, and illuminated driveway which led to his immaculate two-level home in Tuxedo Park, the very swanky and top-shelf neighborhood located in Buckhead. "David… this is beautiful…," Charlene gasped. She was lost for words as she took in the estate that stood in front of her. "Thank you," David said humbly. "The first time I saw this house I knew I had to have it," David continued as he turned off the engine. "Come on, let me show you inside."
Charlene was even more in love with David's home after the forty-five-minute tour had come to an end. Over dinner, David said that he had always wanted a big family but never seemed to find the right partner to share those dreams with. However, looking at his home, he had been proactive in that area as it had enough room to house half a football team.
"Oh my God, that cheesecake was to die for!" Charlene said as the two enjoyed their desserts from earlier. For the past two and a half hours the two enjoyed more conversation and a few more drinks before devouring their sweet treats. For Charlene, the night just kept getting better. "Come here, let me get that," David said, laughing as he wiped the remnants of the cake from her lips before kissing her softly on the neck.
"Mmmmmmm…," Charlene moaned, wanting this moment more than anything. Her body took over as she wrapped her slender arms around his muscular neck and pulled his body closer to hers. The heaviness of his frame made her feel secure and the huge bulge that she felt against her stomach was unmistakable. She wanted all of him in every way possible and he wanted the same.
"Damn baby," David said lustfully as he stood up and quickly gathered her in his strong arms- taking her to his bedroom where he laid her gently on the soft, pillow-top, king-sized bed. Charlene squirmed at the anticipation as she watched David undress in the dimly lit and satisfyingly fragrant room. As he removed his shirt she gasped softly at his perfect and very fit torso. Everything that she had imagined was true. His body was like that of a God and all she wanted to do was lick every muscle.
After taking off the last of his clothing, what stood in front of her was nothing short of amazing as well as shocking. Charlene had never been with a man this size, but she wanted all of him inside her. She needed to feel him… every inch she thought as she licked her lips slowly while taking his rock-hard member in both hands. "Ahhhhhh…," David groaned above her as Charlene stroked all nine inches of his dick.
"Mmmmmm…" Charlene could not get enough as she took his large scrotum in her mouth and sucked and pulled slowly as her hand continued to glide up and down the length of his shaft. "Fuck!" David yelled as he placed his large hands on each side of her head, moving it back and forth slowly as his dick filled and fucked her small mouth, wetness dripping from her lips.
As Charlene gaged below on him, David's body began to tremble as he was about to release his seed. "I'm about ta cum!" David screamed out as Charlene refused to let go, she wanted all of him as she ravaged his member with the expertise he had never experienced. "Oh shi… oh shit… oh shit… fuck…," David moaned out as his thick, hot semen shot in her waiting mouth. His dick was still as hard as a rock as she continued to suck and squeeze him dry.
"Fuck me, David," Charlene begged while removing her evening dress. Her wet pussy was ready to take his mammoth dick and she let him know it as she laid on her back and opened her toned brown legs wide. "David!" Charlene grunted as all nine inches disappeared inside her. While holding her legs up, David fucked her pussy with precision. His strokes were rhythmic as her pussy swallowed and squeezed his meat.
The pleasure she was feeling was euphoric and the sounds coming from David were making her pussy wetter. This man knew what he was doing as he turned her around effortlessly without even removing himself from her. "Whose pussy is this?" David moaned out as he fucked Charlene from the back, her apple-shaped ass bouncing on his dick.
"It's yours David… this pussy is yours, baby…" "Damn right," David said as he smacked her ass hard before burying himself deep within her walls and planting his seed. Charlene's pussy exploded on him almost simultaneously as she climaxed and held his dick deep inside until he emptied himself in her. The exhausted couple fell to the bed and slept the rest of the night wrapped in each other's arms.
Over the next four months Charlene and David dated, made love, and got to know each other on even deeper levels before entering a serious and monogamous relationship. Seth's days were in the past although he had not gotten the hint and continued to leave her text and voicemails begging for another chance. All of which had all been unanswered until one day in late winter when he ran into her and David in Lenox Square Mall.
"Charlene… what… how have you been? Have you not gotten any of my messages? And wha… what is this?" Seth asked, pointing, and confused as he seethed and looked between an incredibly happy Charlene and David, who was now putting himself between Seth and Charlene. "My man…," "No, baby, I got this," a confident Charlene said as she handed her bags to David who smiled and stepped aside as he continued to eye Seth.
"Seth, I thought you were bright enough to get the hint. I would never take your sorry, broke ass back. You never deserved me, and you certainly don't deserve me now. The power that you had over me all those years is over! It's been over!" As Charlene let out her feelings, heads began to turn as the confusion in Seth's face deepened. He had never seen this version of Charlene and it left him speechless as he stood in silence and embarrassingly looked around at the curious eyes.
"At one point in my life I thought you were strong and powerful but, you were and still are weak. You had to put me down to make yourself feel like something and you know what that makes you Seth? PATHETIC! So, please. Do not contact me ever again or I will have your ass lost in so much legal paperwork that Google won't even be able to find your stupid-looking ass!" "Daammmmmnnnn!!!" Some of the spectators yelled out as they laughed and pointed at a defeated Seth.
"And oh, by the way. This is my fiancé and this… this is our child," Charlene said as she gently rubbed her stomach. "You hurt me once, but I have a real man that knows my worth and appreciates me as his woman. He picked up my scattered pieces and he healed the broken heart that you gave me! So, hear me when I say this one more time. If you keep fucking with me, you will come to know the power that he has!"
As Charlene and David walked away, cheers exploded around them while Seth was left embarrassed in the middle of the mall as he watched the new Charlene walk forever out of his life for good. He thought he would be able to come and go out of her life as he pleased- he thought his abuse would keep her fragile and in line with his demands, but he had sorely mistaken how incredibly strong she was.
Charlene and David married in January of 2021 with Tina being the proud maid of honor. The beautiful couple welcomed their first child, Joshua Kemp, on March 19th, 2021, and would go on to have four more children that would successfully fill their home in Tuxedo Park.
Thank you for reading The Healed Heart. Be on the lookout for Sultry Nights, the second addition to my short story collection! If you would like to support and get a personal copy, please click the link below for an e-book or a cute 4X6 paperback version at an exceptionally low price! Thank you for your support!
$2.99! / E-book The Healed Heart
$4! /Paperback/ The Healed Heart
Previous PostPrevious Brand New Excerpts!
Next PostNext Sultry Nights | {
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CIIC Expands Tourism Portfolio with Nevis Tourism Authority
Award-winning travel and lifestyle PR agency, CIIC PR, announced the addition of Nevis Tourism Authority to its growing list of travel and tourism clients.
Nestled in the Eastern Caribbean, the island of Nevis is known for its rich local history, natural beauty and its rustic charm. CIIC has been selected to lead a strategic communications campaign that will integrate media and trade relations, partnerships, influencer relations and thought leadership opportunities in the US and Canada.
"We are looking forward to working closely with the Nevis Tourism Authority to position the island as a premier destination for leisure travelers," said CIIC Founder and CEO, Carolyn Izzo-Feldman.
"We are thrilled to expand our presence in the Caribbean, a region we hold so near and dear to our hearts."
Nevis is one of the most unspoiled and relaxing islands in the Caribbean. Loved by many for its vividly green sites with blue skies, clean air, and long empty beaches. Nevis has a pace of life that encourages its visitors to stop and appreciate the natural beauty around them. The island offers luxury and contemporary accommodations available both in the hills and on its beaches, including the beachfront oasis, Four Seasons Resort Nevis. The island also has a rich history, keeping alive the legacies of Alexander Hamilton and Horatio Nelson, and is the home of annual events, such as the Nevis Mango Festival, and Nevis Culturama, Nevis' premier festival.
CIIC is a full-service, award-winning public relations and marketing firm specializing in creating dynamic campaigns for the travel & hospitality, food & beverage, and lifestyle industries. CIIC draws on its 25 years of experience offering services in public relations, marketing, social media strategy, branded partnerships, event planning, and media and influencer relations. With offices in New York and Miami, CIIC has also established affiliate offices in Los Angeles, Canada, and Mexico. CIIC is also an exclusive member of latamPR, furthering its reach in Latin America. For more information about CIIC, or to inquire about new business relationships, please visit ciicpr.com, or email This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , or contact (845) 358-3920 x11. #ciic25
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Global Business Travel Association Relaunches Scholarships | {
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Q: Disable cache only for newly modified scripts in chrome? Is it possible to disable the cache for scripts only (in chrome)? I would like to avoid reloading the entire web application (only reload the files I modified).
I know about hot reload, but sometimes I still need to restart the application.
A: Go into More Tools>Developer tools. Under General Settings check off "Disable cache (while DevTools is open)"
EDIT: I found a Chrome Extension called Cache killer, maybe you should check that out.
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"A number of residential streets in my city have gone from having no striping to having a dashed yellow and sometimes having full solid double yellow striping. Before the striping on many of these streets, people seemed to drive slower. After dashed or solid yellow were introduced it not only seems people drive faster but there seems to be more traffic as the striping seems to suggest to drivers that the street is a through route.
To make matters worse, drivers now also seem to be more aggressive when overtaking bicyclists who are now considered to be "in the way" or in the "middle of the lane" compared to before when there was no striping.
More than anything else, line striping is a flag. It is a flag that denotes "my" territory from "your" territory. When streets do not have any striping, especially in residential or recreational areas, they are generally understood by most to be common areas. Drivers should not be surprised to find kids playing ball, people walking or riding bikes, or parked vehicles within the roadway space, which may force the driver to use the entire width of the road to navigate around all these other legitimate uses for streets in residential and recreational areas.
But the second line striping is painted, the general perception is that the roadway real estate has been "assigned" to a particular variety of user, and users are more likely to become agitated or more aggressive when "others" infringe on "their" territory. It also stands to reason that if a driver feels that a certain corridor within the street is "theirs" and other users should not be there, they will then be more comfortable increasing their travel speed. And yes, providing lane striping also provides a visual cue that the street is expected to be used as a through street. And if it actually does attract new through vehicles, average travel speeds will almost certainly rise, as it is well known that people will drive through other neighborhoods faster than they drive through their own.
Streets without any road striping create an environment where there is some ambiguity on who should be where, and I believe this encourages lower speeds and more caution on the part of drivers. There is limited hard research on this topic, but what is available supports this concept. Center lines may make it safer for cars to avoid head-on collisions at night time, but these are not common on low volume residential streets. Center lines are fully optional (per MUTCD) for streets with traffic volumes of less than 6,000 per day, and most residential streets have volumes well below this mark.
At one time I lived on a residential street that was often used to bypass a stoplight on the major streets. We often met with neighbors in the street and held block parties and events in part to discourage people from using it, and to slow them down if they did. I suspect that law enforcement might be against such things if the road were striped as it would be looked on more as a place for vehicles than people.
Now, striping can also be used for good. In another neighborhood where I used to live, the city stepped in and used striping to create a wide shoulder and narrow traffic lanes in some of these street. The wide shoulder became a de facto bike lane where previously it had been a weave in and out lane for taxis. Traffic calming in this way is also a lot cheaper than other traffic calming techniques like installing planter barriers or concreting the street up to sidewalk height at intersections. However, it sounds like the center lane striping in your neighborhood is not having that effect.
I discourage cities from adding lane striping unless the character of the street and characteristics of travel on the street indicates that such "assignments" would truly serve the common good. | {
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This week, get even higher rates when you purchase a brand new Travel Money Card online. Use code DEALS17 when ordering. T&Cs apply. In some ways, I am fairly acquainted with computers and excessive tech stuff. In other methods, we're undoubtedly slightly behind the instances. This Heath Zenith security gentle features 2 Level lighting and a low-level accent gentle adjustable timer. Timer settings include-Off, 3-hour, 6-hour, or dusk to dawn. I've learn this post earlier than, but timely reminders as the summer trip season approaches.
loved studying by numerous journey pillow, these are definitely helpful throughout journey, you'd wish to relaxation throughout that lengthy journey. Credit cards are accepted at many of the lodges and on most of the Nile cruises. It is nevertheless advisable for visitors to take travellers checks in U.S. Dollars, in addition to, a few hundred Dollars in money. Change bureaus are typically out there.
These headphones are small, light-weight and intensely snug to wear for long intervals of time. The advanced ear cushions in a proprietary design create an acoustical seal. Proprietary Bose improvements use microphones both inside and outside the earcups to sense and reduce background noise. The cushioned / padded headband additionally provides to the comfort. You may put on these whereas travelling with none audio enter to make the most of their noise cancellation options, as an illustration, with a purpose to deal with work or different reading, writing, and so on.
We go through the bathrooms and kitchen and provides the faucets a bit of additional turn to make sure there are not any drips. And, you probably have a toilet that ever runs on its own, I might flip the valve off down below. (And fix that as soon as you can. It might probably use a huge amount of water.) If we have used outdoors spigots lately, I check these as effectively. And, after all, in the winter, hoses must be eliminated.
The climate forecast seems significantly better than when my sister visited two weeks ago, and the park is nearly at peak blooming for the spring. I have been planning what we'll do while they are right here. Avery is the one which despatched me Flat Stanley final December. If he's fortunate sufficient to stay in New Hampshire, Montana, Alaska, Delaware, or Oregon, he'll pay nothing because these states do not charge sales tax!
← How A lot Does It Really Value To Own An RV? | {
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Find out what goes on in a busy modern port on this 75-minute educational tour of Rotterdam's harbor. Cruise the busy waterways around Europe's biggest port, and see some of Holland's historical highlights along the way - as well as the SS Rotterdam, the famous 1950s ship-turned-hotel.
Characterized by cutting-edge architecture, Rotterdam's skyline is best admired from the water. Hop aboard a ship and take to Europe's biggest harbor, for an animated and inspiring journey on the water.
Much like the city of Rotterdam itself, the harbor is brimming with life and energy. This 75-minute cruise will take you through bustling docks and shipyards where you can watch the shipping of thousands of containers, from fruit to furniture to frozen fish. Learn all about the lively waterways in English, Dutch, German or French.
See the famous maritime quarter (Scheepvaartkwartier), one of the only neighborhoods not to be bombed in WWII, the 17th-century style Norwegian seamen's church, and De Nolet, at over 55 meters, it's the tallest windmill in the world.
Show your smartphone ticket at the Spido ticket office 15 minutes before the departure.
Through the audio system in English, Dutch, German, and French.
Dogs are allowed on the boat, but need to be kept on a leash.
It was an amazing trip. Very kind staff, nice ship, good cappuccino, lekker appeltaart, interesting and informative tour. Thank you for the experience!
J'aurais aimé qu'il aille plus loin voir les très gros bateaux. sinon très bien.
Excellent way to see some of the huge Rotterdam Harbor. Highly recommended for any tourist here.
The visit on board Abel Tasman was so fascinated and full of enjoyment. Besides that I would like to mention here that I appreciated Tiqets' service so much. I was late for a cruise at 2:00 pm due to an urgent matter that I needed to resolve. I had sent a message via Whatsapp to Tiqets to inform about this. Surprisingly the staff who received the message was so helpful and even called me to know my whereabout. At the same time I went to a ticket counter at Spido at about 2:15 pm and a staff there had changed the cruise time to 3:30 pm without any charges. This was excellent! Million thanks to Spido and Tiqets!
Nice cruise through port end of Rotterdam .
Views weren't worth it, staff was very friendly and amenable. | {
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OFW Pinoy TV for all Pinoy tambayan shows of Pinoy Channel
Make It With You January 14, 2020 Pinoy TV Show
January 14, 2020ABS CBN
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January 14, 2020GMA Shows
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Philippines and Pinoy TV
The Philippines formally the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Republika ng Pilipinas), is a unitary autonomous country and land mass state in Southeast Asia. Located in the western Pacific Ocean, it has near about 7,641 islands.
The Philippine was named after the name of King Philip II of Spain. Manila is its capital city.
Manila and the mainly densely inhabited city is Quezon City, equally piece of Metro Manila. The Philippines shares sea borders with Taiwan to the north, Vietnam is located in the west, Palau in the east and Malaysia and Indonesia are situated to south side. The location of Philippine on the Pacific Ring of Fire and secure with equator put together the Philippines lying face down to earthquakes and typhoons, but also bestows it with plentiful natural assets and a number of the world's supreme biodiversity. Philippine is the eighth-most settled country in Asia and the 12th largely inhabited state on the globe. The Philippines was first became part of the Spanish Empire before 300 years. Consequently, Catholicism became the overriding religion. Since the duration of this moment, Manila was the western centre of the trans-Pacific trade linking Asia with Acapulco in the Americas by means of Manila galleons.
It is a naissance limb of the United Nations, World Trade Organization, Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum, and the East Asia Summit.
It also hordes head office of the Asian Development Bank. The Philippines is well thought-out to be a rising marketplace and a recently developed country, which have a financial system transitioning and is dependent on agriculture to sole based more on services and manufacturing.
It is among one of the primarily Christian nations in Southeast Asia, the other being East Timor.
Current Pinoy TV Shows of Pinoy Tambayan Channel
The Philippines has an established media industry. Especially the Pinoy TV shows are the major attractions of the Pilipino. Pinoy TV is one of the best Philippines' TV channels. GMA Pinoy TV is a universal Filipino television station which is broadcasting standard quality pinoy teleserye for the viewers. ABS-CBN Pinoy Channel gained popularity through its fantastic pinoy tambayan shows such as Playhouse, Asintado, Araw Gabi, FPJ's Ang Probinsyano, Ngayon at Kailanman, Halik and Tonight with Boy Abunda. Similarly GMA Pinoy TV is also getting famous with some good GMA 7 shows that are: Eat Bulaga, Ika-5 Utos, The Stepdaughters and GMA News 24 Oras. Filipinos can enjoy Pinoy TV shows from all over the world. | {
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Shred it, and then have a cold drink ready with our Can Cooler!
Our Can Coolers are made with neoprene rubber that fit 12oz cans that keep your locally sourced craft beers icy cold. They are conveniently a flat store Cooler so you don't waste space tossing it in your bag, and can even double for camera protection. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Add Problem
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Users who solved "Read Filtration by Quality"
Solve Date
21 sdob July 15, 2013, 11:51 a.m. 97
20 DRL July 14, 2013, 3:45 p.m. 40
19 mahna July 11, 2013, 9:11 a.m. 40
18 Yang Zhang July 10, 2013, 11:17 p.m. 205
17 Laperche Sylvain July 9, 2013, 7:53 a.m. 79
16 Jason Irby July 6, 2013, 3:39 a.m. 63
15 Andy Bowes July 3, 2013, 4:55 p.m. 281
14 David Powell July 1, 2013, 3:58 a.m. 208
13 Tomaž Hočevar June 30, 2013, 8:26 p.m. 206
12 Timur Turaev June 30, 2013, 8:44 a.m. 127
11 Eishkimo June 27, 2013, 12:57 a.m. 95
10 Luiz Irber June 26, 2013, 1:47 p.m. 116
9 Natalia Belyaeva June 22, 2013, 9:47 p.m. 293
8 leafmoon June 21, 2013, 10:34 a.m. 316
7 Xiaofan Zhou June 15, 2013, 3:40 a.m. 181
6 Alexander Vints June 14, 2013, 5:32 p.m. 171
5 董偉業 wai yip tung June 14, 2013, 3:57 a.m. 319
4 Cin June 13, 2013, 11:44 p.m. 111
3 Alexander Potashev June 13, 2013, 10:59 p.m. 206
2 netoctone June 13, 2013, 6:54 p.m. 175
1 bred June 13, 2013, 3:27 p.m. 188
Found a typo?
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Report Close | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
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Stellenbosch Hills Chenin Blanc is star bright with a slight green hue. An abundance of tropical fruit flavours in particular pineapple, apricot and granadilla. Mineral characters on the nose. Serve chilled.
A very versatile wine, enjoy with spicy prawns, grilled fish, chicken-a-la-king and pasta.
ripeness to preserve the tropical fruit flavours in the wine.
of this wine, and the wine was cold fermented. | {
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Jackson Hospital women's and children's services, including the Mom & Baby Center, is hosting an open house on Sunday, May 17th, from 1-3pm so prospective parents and the community can see first-hand the warm and comforting environment that has been created. The open house will include refreshments, tours, information on classes and services, and an opportunity to meet and greet the staff.
The latest addition to the Mom & Baby Center includes three new grand suites and two new regular suites – each with state-of-the-art fetal monitoring equipment, a wall-mounted flat screen TV with DVD and VCR players, a sleeper sofa, two comfortable upholstered chairs, spacious handicap accessible bathrooms, hardwood floors, and a new warm décor. The Center now houses a total of 15 labor and delivery rooms along with 18 over-sized private post-partum rooms.
The birthing suites are complemented by a large level two special care nursery equipped with some of the latest technology to enable us to care for both well and sick newborns. To top it all off, a series of educational sessions on the birthing experience, prenatal care, sibling and grandparent relationships, and breastfeeding are available to all mothers planning to deliver at Jackson Hospital.
Women's and children's services at Jackson Hospital is completed with an additional 12 rooms dedicated to caring for women having gynecologic surgery and for pediatric patients.
To learn more about women's and children's services and the classes offered, log onto www.jackson.org or call 334-293-8454. | {
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Helping to create new opportunities and protecting existing jobs will be the key focus for 2012, according to The Nationals Member for Gippsland Darren Chester.
Mr Chester said he was aiming to build stronger links across the Gippsland and Latrobe Valley business community to encourage more businesses to employ local people and support economic growth in the region.
He will be hosting business forums throughout the year and urging all business owners in Gippsland to suggest ways that governments can assist in helping regional growth.
JOBS GROWTH THE KEY FOR 2012: CHESTER
Jan 19, 2012 | Protecting Local Jobs
"In difficult global economic circumstances, there's a need for local businesses and the local community to support each other and protect local jobs," Mr Chester said.
"We have a diverse regional economy and can withstand some external shocks but we don't need governments putting more obstacles in the way like the new carbon tax.
"One of the obvious ways that local, state and federal governments can help businesses is to reduce red tape and let business owners invest with confidence and certainty.
"I'm keen to listen to any ideas from local business owners who are interested in expanding and creating new opportunities in Gippsland.
"Small and medium sized businesses, including the agricultural sector, are the engine room of the Gippsland economy and when our local industries are profitable, the entire region prospers.
"We need to keep building stronger networks across the region where locals support our own businesses and help to sustain and create new jobs.
"By putting locals first and purchasing goods and services from businesses in our region, we can all invest in the future of Gippsland."
Mr Chester said it was critical that all levels of government supported growth in the region through investment in better infrastructure and improved services along with decentralising government activities where possible.
"Regional development is not just about building better roads, improving telecommunications or tourism marketing campaigns," Mr Chester said.
"It requires a whole-of-government approach where taxpayers' money is invested in better education and health services which help to make it more attractive to live and work in a regional area.
"There also needs to be an ongoing commitment from governments to decentralise service delivery. Many staff who are currently working in city offices could undertake their duties just as efficiently and be more responsive to the needs of regional communities if they were moved to a region like Gippsland.
"I'm looking forward to continuing to work with the business community across Gippsland and the Latrobe Valley to promote new opportunities and encourage jobs growth in 2012." | {
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Marion L. Zorn
There are condolences waiting approval on Marion's Tribute wall
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Obituary for Marion L. Zorn
Marion L. Zorn, 83, of Marinette, passed away Tuesday, May 18, 2010 at St. Vincent Hospital, Green Bay. Marion was born October 21, 1926 in Stiles to the late Alfred and Katherine (Olson) Olson. She married Marvin Zorn on July 1, 1950. He preceded her in death on December 28, 1997. Marion married Fred Kirsch in 2000. He preceded her in death in 2008. Marion devoted her entire life to educate and influence children. Marion taught for over twenty seven years, spending most of her time at the Abrams Elementary School. Marion was a member of the Oconto Gospel Chapel.
Marion is survived by four daughters Judy (Jim) Dryja, FL; Carol (Jim) Krueger, FL; Ruth Brooks, NM; Karen (Greg Smucker) Zorn, MA; a son Ronald Zorn, Peshtigo; a sister Alice Alfredson, Stiles; a sister-in-law Peggy Olson, IN; five grandchildren and four great grandchildren. Marion is preceded in death by one brother Norman Olson.
The family will receive relatives and friends at the Gallagher Funeral Home, Oconto, from 5 to 8 PM Sunday, May 23, 2010. Visitation will continue on Monday, May 24 from 10 to 11 AM at the Oconto Gospel Chapel. Funeral services will be conducted 11 AM Monday at the church by Duane Erieau. Burial will be at the Evergreen Cemetery. Online condolences may be expressed at www.gallagherfuneralhome.net.
5 PM to 8 PM at Gallagher Funeral Home & Cremation Service 217 Congress St. Oconto, WI 54153 on May 23, 2010 (map/driving directions)
10 AM to 11 AM at Oconto Gospel Chapel 251 Michigan Ave. Oconto, WI 54153 on May 24, 2010 (map/driving directions)
11 AM at Oconto Gospel Chapel 251 Michigan Ave. Oconto, WI 54153 on May 24, 2010 (map/driving directions)
To plant a tree in memory of Marion L. Zorn, visit the Tribute Store.
Welcome to Marion's Memorial Wall
Share Marion L. Zorn's life celebration
"Email Address" would like to share the life celebration of Marion L. Zorn. Click on the "link" to go to share a favorite memory or leave a condolence message for the family. | {
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It's currently 3am and I'm wide awake and not loving life.
I've been free of painkillers and all medication except Levothyroxine for twelve days.
I can feel the old me coming back and my mind is a bit of a pickle.
My aches and pains are still going but I seem to have broken the painkiller cycle and I can cope a lot better without painkillers, I think I had built up a huge tolerance and they just weren't working as well.
I managed a little sleep and aside from feeling a little like I have a cold coming I feel okay.
The small person woke me up at 6am, and it's now 7.15am; I've made a coffee and put some washing on, now having a little sit down and my mind is feeling a little clearer.
I am not planning on staying completely medication free; I have looked into supplements and natural remedies and have read so much on easing pain and fatigue naturally.
St Johns Wort is the first thing that sprung up initially; it's a natural remedy that is widely used to treat mild to moderate depression and seems to have mixed results but I'm keen to try it. As with anything, I'm not a medical professional and it can interact with quite a lot of medication, so always seek help if you are unsure. It affects contraceptives so be very careful!
Turmeric is another slightly lesser known supplement that a friend suggested to me to help with aches and pains and general inflammation; it is thought that it contains Curcumin which helps a number of things. I looked into supplements and figured why not just add a little dry Turmeric to my morning coffee – which I did and despite my concerns of drinking what would taste like watery Korma, it was fine and gave a little spice to it I quite enjoyed.
Magnesium seems to be another interesting one; a deficiency is hard to pick up but can cause insomnia, fatigue, muscle cramps and chronic pain. Worth a go for sure.
So I'm off to buy the St Johns Wort and Magnesium today and I'm also trying to eat a little cleaner; I'm also on planning doing a little daily workout – just ten minutes of anything that gets my heart rate up and gets me moving.
I have an assessment with a new counselling service on Monday and I'm really hoping that plus a combination of the above will make me feel better.
Depression(Big D) wise I'm keeping it at bay. The bad thoughts are creeping in a little but I'm managing to fight them off.
Not listening, it's the illness in my head. I can do this, I can beat it. | {
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C.J. serves as the Senior Pastor for Sovereign Grace Church of Louisville. He has authored several books. C.J. and his wife, Carolyn, have three married daughters, one son, and twelve grandchildren. C.J. cheers for the Washington Redskins, Washington Nationals, and University of Maryland basketball, and he cheers against the Dallas Cowboys, New York Yankees, and Duke basketball.
What do you do when a wife won't submit?
Dad – are you teaching your daughters about modesty?
Modesty never goes out of style.
Does your appearance reflect the attitude of your heart?
Men, you need to master the romance basics before you can really win your wife.
C.J. Mahaney tells us to forget ourselves and to share the gospel with those who need to hear it the most.
C.J. Mahaney talks about the main thing and only thing that really counts in the long run is Jesus Christ and His Gospel. | {
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long long int strtoll(const char *nptr, char **endptr, int base);
#endif
#ifndef HAVE_STRTOF
float strtof (const char *nptr, char **endptr);
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struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *clock, struct tm *result);
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Bought By A Billionaire: Uihlein Spends $8M For Nicholson
"After nearly $8 million-and-counting in support from Dick Uihlein, there's no question that Kevin Nicholson is bought and paid for by an out-of-state billionaire from Illinois"
By Democratic Party of Wisconsin - Jul 20th, 2018 05:05 pm
Kevin Nicholson. Photo from Nicholson for Senate.
MADISON — For more than a year, Illinois billionaire Dick Uihlein has poured millions of dollars into outside groups that are working to buy a Senate seat for Republican U.S. Senate candidate Kevin Nicholson. And today, Yahoo News reports that Uihlein has now spent "some $8 million" on TV and radio ads as he "singlehandedly" tries to buy a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin.
Here are the key takeaways in Yahoo News' report on Uihlein's support for Nicholson:
Illinois billionaire Dick Uihlein is backing Nicholson "to the tune of some $8 million."
Uihlein has "almost singlehandedly boosted" Nicholson, who is "basing his campaign around an attack on the same political establishment that Walker represents in Wisconsin."
"Many Republicans in Wisconsin are mystified not only by Uihlein's support for Nicholson, but by the nearly obsessive level of it."
Read more from Yahoo News.
"After nearly $8 million-and-counting in support from Dick Uihlein, there's no question that Kevin Nicholson is bought and paid for by an out-of-state billionaire from Illinois," said Brad Bainum, DPW spokesperson for the 2018 Senate race. "From backing deep cuts to Medicare and Social Security, to embracing tax breaks for the richest Americans and large corporations like Pfizer, it's clear that Nicholson is running to work for his corporate special interests backers in the Senate, not Wisconsin's working families."
People: Brad Bainum, Kevin Nicholson, Richard Uihlein
Recent Press Releases by Democratic Party of Wisconsin
Scott Walker Promises Not to Run for Higher Office, Again
Jul 15th, 2019 by Democratic Party of Wisconsin
"While we're glad Scott Walker has decided to flee the state after having been rejected by voters, we're all too familiar with his habit of breaking his promises."
DPW Chair to President Trump: "In 2020, the Badger Bites Back"
Jun 17th, 2019 by Democratic Party of Wisconsin
Wisconsin Democrats call out Trump's broken promises as the President officially kicks off re-election bid
Democratic Party of Wisconsin on Anniversary of Trump Calling His Own Health Care Bill "Mean"
On this day in 2017 Trump accidentally told the truth about his toxic health care agenda | {
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NFL Writers
Plenty of blame to go around for Giants' ugly 1-3 start to season
Published: Sep 30, 2018 at 03:01 PM
Judy Battista
NFL.com Columnist
EAST RUTHERFORD, N.J. -- The dam finally broke on the New York Giants midway through the third quarter of their 33-18 loss to the New Orleans Saints on Sunday and when it did, the season itself may have been buried.
The Giants gambled on their present, and more poignantly their past, this offseason. They eschewed the rookie class of quarterbacks, stood by 37-year-old Eli Manning, did a patch job on the offensive line and then stuck their electric first-round pick, Saquon Barkley, behind it. The result was on full display Sunday in a somnolent slog that exposed the Giants' painful reality: Even with a vastly improved defense, the Giants' future isn't just cloudy. The present is ugly, too.
At 1-3 and saddled with an offense that mustered only 10 points against the league's worst scoring defense when the game was still well within reach, the Giants were a little testy (the otherwise affable coach Pat Shurmur) and a little morose (Manning). The defense kept Drew Brees out of the end zone in four trips inside the 20-yard line in the first half, before finally allowing a touchdown drive midway through the third quarter that foretold the Giants' doom. That first half was all any team can hope for against a top-five offense. But the Giants have failed to score even 20 points in three of their four games, harkening back to the offensive ineptitude that cost Ben McAdoo his job last season and set the Giants on what was supposed to be a dramatic reconfiguration.
Instead, this iteration of the Giants looks like the one they hoped they left behind. The run blocking was abysmal -- Barkley had one run of 28 yards and nine other runs for a total of 16 yards. During a second-quarter drive that ended with a fumble by backup running back Wayne Gallman, Barkley was not even on the field. Odell Beckham Jr. had seven receptions for 60 yards, but 16 of those yards came on the Giants' final drive when they were down by 15 points and the game was all but over. With the Saints determined to take away deep plays, the Giants still could not consistently get the ball into the hands of one of the league's most dangerous receivers to let him create a play, particularly early in the game, when Beckham had two receptions for minus-4 yards. With three snaps from the New Orleans 14-yard line in the third quarter, Manning never once went to Beckham, who was, seemingly, a decoy. The drive ended with a field goal instead of a touchdown.
"I don't have a Richter scale for how frustrating it is," Beckham said of the Giants' current state. "It's definitely frustrating. It seems like it shouldn't be this hard, but it is. We've got to come out with the energy like we had last week. It's got to be everybody."
Beckham admitted that the Giants' first drive, in which they gained 60 yards (not including a 15-yard penalty on the Saints) and scored a touchdown, made him think the game was going to be a good for New York. And then the Giants gained just 27 more offensive yards the rest of the first half.
Shurmur had no answers. He said that Barkley touching the ball more "would be good," but later he said the Giants also want to make sure Gallman is involved. The soft zone the Saints played meant the Giants had to peck away but he couldn't explain why there weren't more short underneath passes for Beckham.
Shurmur was clipped when he was asked if he had to make massive changes.
"No, we need to get better," he started. "What does that mean, massive changes? We need to get better."
Shurmur allowed later that perhaps the Giants need to do some things differently. The hard truth is that there are no massive changes to be made. At 37, Manning can still complete passes when he has time and the offense is in rhythm, as it was early in the game and then late, when the Saints were protecting their lead. But he also sails some passes and sometimes holds the ball too long. The Giants saw the flashes of his old self last season as a sign that, with the right talent around him, he could again be the kind of quarterback who took them to two Super Bowls. But his struggles are more rule than aberration, and the offensive line is simply not good enough to give him the time he now needs to excel and to get the ball to Beckham. The O-line is also not good enough to give Barkley space to get into the open. That means that two of the NFL's most dynamic playmakers are rendered moot.
There is plenty of blame to go around. Manning should come in for his share, but so should Shurmur, who has to figure out a way to get the ball into his best players' hands, and, of course, to the front office that seemingly miscalculated so badly on what they had. At 1-3, the season is not over, not in a division where the leader (Washington) is 2-1. But the Giants don't have much to build on with three quarters of the season still to go. They feel, instead, like a team in retreat, like one that hasn't been able to slow the skid that began last season.
"You just keep working and you play your way out of it and you coach your way out of it," Shurmur said.
That may be all the Giants can do, until time runs out on the present that the Giants were so certain was worth banking on.
Follow Judy Battista on Twitter [@JudyBattista](/share/page/site/nfl-com/a href=).
NFL's unsung heroes in 2021 season: One player from each AFC team
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Ranking multi-time Super Bowl-winning QBs: Where does Ben Roethlisberger sit?
Ben Roethlisberger is one of 12 quarterbacks to have won multiple Super Bowls. How does he compare to the others on that list? Adam Rank puts all 12 in order.
Can Joe Burrow's Bengals repeat their previous success against Patrick Mahomes' Chiefs? Will the Rams outlast the 49ers after being swept in the regular season? Gregg Rosenthal provides his picks for the AFC and NFC title games.
Ben Roethlisberger retires: Iconic quarterback defined Steelers era, in good times and bad
In the wake of Ben Roethlisberger's retirement, Judy Battista looks back on the quarterback's decorated 18-year career. It was rarely pretty, but plenty gritty, marked by an abandon that defined an era of Steelers football, in good times and bad.
Don't forget about Joe! Burrow's right there with Patrick Mahomes, Josh Allen in AFC QB battle royal
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Sean Payton's tenure with New Orleans Saints transformed franchise, reinvigorated city
Sean Payton has resigned as head coach of the New Orleans Saints after 15 NFL seasons. Jim Trotter writes about how Payton transformed the franchise and reinvigorated the city during his tenure.
Bucky Brooks 2022 NFL mock draft 1.0: Kenny Pickett, Matt Corral only QBs selected in Round 1
In his first mock of the 2022 NFL Draft, Bucky Brooks has just two quarterbacks coming off the board. On the other hand, six receivers hear their names called. Check out the full first-round projection, 1-32.
NFL Power Rankings, Championship Sunday: Chiefs soar to No. 1 after EPIC win; Packers, Titans spiral
How do the four remaining teams -- the Bengals, Chiefs, 49ers and Rams -- stack up heading into Championship Sunday? Where do the Divisional Round losers finish? Dan Hanzus provides a fresh batch of NFL Power Rankings.
NFL Divisional Round fact or fiction: Best weekend ever? Best game ever? Tom Brady's last game ever?
Did we just witness the best Divisional Round ever? The best single game ever? Tom Brady's last game ever? After an absolutely astonishing weekend in the NFL, Adam Schein plays a game of Fact or Fiction.
The First Read: Six initial thoughts heading into Championship Sunday
In this week's edition of his First Read, Jeffri Chadiha discusses his six initial thoughts ahead of Championship Sunday. Can anyone stop the Chiefs? Who is the most important offensive player in the NFC?
See all the Action
Replay every game all season. | {
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The Allahabad High Court dismissed an Election petition filed by a resident of Rae Bareli challenging the election of Sonia Gandhi to Lok Sabha. Justice Tarun Agarwala held that grant of citizenship to Sonia Gandhi cannot be challenged at this belated stage.
Bombay High Court upheld an order by lower court wherein it had restrained feeding of birds and animals in a way causing nuisance to neighbours and other residents. Justice R.M. Sawant observed that people who want to feed birds and animals, should do so in a manner as not to cause nuisance to the neighbours or other residents.
The Bombay High Court has held that merely because a criminal case is pending against a person, Arms Licence granted to him by the licensing authority cannot be cancelled.
Calcutta High Court held that compensation is payable to the widow of an employee working in the collieries who was missing for seven years and was declared dead by the Civil Court.
The Delhi High Court on Tuesday set aside a Trial Court order summoning documents from Ministries of Finance and Corporate Affairs and balance sheet of the party for 2010-11 in the National Herald case.
The High Court directed Election Commission of India (ECI) to consider issuing appropriate direction / guideline within the meaning of Clause 16A (b) of the Symbols Order preventing recognised political party in power from using public places and public funds for propagating its reserve symbol and / or its leaders, so as to come in the way of conducting of free, fair and peaceful election and to safeguard the interest of the general public and the electorate in future.
The High Court on Monday directed the Government to take a decision on the establishment of All India Judicial Service (AIJS), on lines of the Administrative and Police Services.
Gujarat High Court dismissed a Public Interest Litigation filed under Article 226 of the Constitution of India seeking directions to suspend the exhibition of Salman Khan Film "Sultan" in the State of Gujarat.
A two judge bench of the High court of Kerala in Brenda Barbara Francis v Adrian Miranda ruled that an advocate cannot plead and argue a case as a power of attorney holder on behalf of the parties.
The High Court directed the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) to allow the public exhibition of Malayalam movie 'Kathakali' by granting the necessary certification.
The Court of Kerala dismissed a Petition filed by a IV th Semester (BA English Language and Literature) student of Mar Thoma College of Science and Technology, Chadayamangalam challenging her dismissal from the College on the allegation that she eloped with a boy student studying in the same class and was staying in a lodge, from where, the couple were apprehended by the Police, on a man missing complaint and produced before the Magistrate, who released the individuals to their respective parents.
Madras High Court dismissed a Criminal Revision Petition filed by a Husband against the order of Family Court which directed him to grant maintenance at the rate of Rs.5,000/- per month to his wife and daughter.
The High Court criticised a Principal Sessions Judge for acting like a motionless machine for cancelling Anticipatory Bail given to a Couple in a Criminal Case even without hearing the Petitioners.
The Patna High Court directed all Lok Adalats of the State not to entertain any matter relating to an offence not compoundable under any law. Justice Ashwani Kumar Singh said that violation of this direction will be treated as contempt of court. | {
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EUROTOURISM is based on a map of Europe where the visitor can quickly and easily link through to the advertiser's website. Accommodation, food, adventure and other activities are represented by easily identifiable symbols on the map. First, the visitor selects a country, then the region they are planning to visit – then they are able to find the business offering the products and/or services they are looking for – and in the right place! We offer very cost-effective and targeted marketing for advertisers because your potential customer is able to find what they are looking for – and in the area they are interested in visiting.
Eurotourism is translated to 21 different languages!
As an advertiser, you receive the most optimized world wide marketing exposure because your symbol or advert is displayed under all 21 languages - thereby having the potential to reach every corner of the world. Even through our services for distributing printed maps, we have received requests worldwide.
Would you like your advert on the front page of a specific country?
We can target exactly "where" and to "whom" your advert can be exposed. For example, a banner on the front page of Denmark and under a specific language provides you the ability to attract exactly the new customers you want. So, right from the start you can see a high result in your advertising.
Symbols provide a quick interpretation!
Different types of symbols are displayed over the map depending upon the business being promoted, i.e., hotel, conference etc. Would you like to have your tourist related business promoted under the symbol relevant to your business - and the symbol linked direct to your website? Of course, you can have more than one symbol to promote all aspects of your business as well, for example; one symbol for hotel, one symbol for conference, and so on.
- On a specific country's start page (i.e., Sweden) plus one language (i.e., Swedish), €990 for 3 months.
- On a specific region, under all languages, €990 for 12 months.
- On a specific region, under a specific category, all languages, €650 for 12 months.
- On a specific Tourist Guides web page (by Municipality), all languages, €650 for 12 months.
One symbol linking to your website, €390 for 12 months (shorter periods are available, depending upon availability).
If you would like more than one symbol to better describe your business (i.e., Hotel + Conference + Golf), we can offer a 30% discount for each additional symbol, providing the additional symbols have the same link address.
To download a price list in PDF format, click on Prislista 2009 (Swedish only).
Please contact us for a price list in English.
The visitor easily downloads a tourist and travel guide for any municipality in Sweden. The visitor can find everything – and a little more – displayed in a convenient format! Regardless of the municipality, large or small, we have a tourist guide for you. As an advertiser, you have the opportunity to influence a customer even before their trip or vacation. All guides will be available in three different languages; Swedish, English and German.
There is also a business register on the page, where your contact information can be seen with the companys name, address, telephone number, etc.
To download a Tourist Guide Price list, click on Turistguide 2009 (Swedish only).
The above services are provided by Eurotourism Media Group AB. | {
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Olga B Leibu, MD Email Olga Leibu
ASSISTANT CLINICAL PROFESSOR | Psychiatry
Dr. Olga Leibu's medical education started at The School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences at SUNY Buffalo, where she earned her MD. She then completed an Internship in Family Medicine at Overlook Medical Center, followed by her Residency in General Adult Psychiatry at the Mount Sinai Health System, Beth Israel Medical Center. Dr. Leibu went on to complete her Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Fellowship Training at the New York Presbyterian Hospitals of Columbia and Cornell Universities, while also completing training in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy at the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research.
Dr. Leibu is a Diplomate of the Board of Psychiatry and Neurology in both Child and Adolescent and Adult Divisions. She is a recipient of multiple leadership and research awards, including the American Psychiatric Association Resident Research Award, the Mount Sinai Beth Israel Research Award, the New York Council on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Travel Grant, and the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Legislative Grant.
Dr. Leibu also sits on the board of The New York Council on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry contributing to the Communications Psychiatry committee as Co-Chair. In the past, she also contributed to the Member- In-Training and International committees. Dr. Leibu's advocacy for physician well-being through leadership roles with Graduate Medical Education committees during Residency and Fellowship, and by working as staff psychiatrist at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Student and Trainee Mental Health Service have translated to her clinical work with patient advocacy and emphasis on patient well-being.
Currently, Dr. Leibu is in private practice where she provides clinical care to patients along with maintaining an Assistant Clinical Professorship at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai where she remains in a teaching role. Dr. Leibu is a trained adult, child/adolescent psychiatrist, psychopharmacologist, and psychodynamic therapist and sees patients throughout the lifespan.
Dr. Leibu's areas of interest include and are not limited to college, graduate student, and workplace mental health and wellbeing, psychiatry and the performing arts, and cultural psychiatry. Dr. Leibu's specialties include ADHD, Anxiety, OCD, Eating Disorders, High Functioning Autism and Depression among other areas. Dr. Leibu is bilingual in Russian and English and happy to work with patients in both languages.
Dr. Leibu welcomes collaboration with psychotherapists and other providers to ensure comprehensive and most optimal patient care.
Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
Psychiatry, American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder And Attention Deficit Disorder
MD, State University of New York at Buffalo
Internship, Family Medicine
Residency, Clinical Psychiatry
Fellowship, Pediatric Psychiatry
New York Presbyterian - Weill Cornell Medical Center
Dr. Leibu has not yet completed reporting of Industry relationships.
136 Madison Ave 6th Floor Suite 642 New York, NY 10016
Business Office:
Business Office 1 | {
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This morning in Palm Beach County, Florida most of us awoke to a heavy sky with warm rain drizzling throughout the morning, afternoon and evening. As mother of two active little boys I immediately realized this was going to be a challenging day as I sought various indoor activities.
The local public library was a good start to the gray blanket of a day but it was short-lived as the new activity for the boys became racing through the stacks and taking out as many books as possible. We tried to visit a few folks that we haven't seen in nearly two decades since we were in the neighborhood by the library but they were still in bed around 10-11am (I will not deny I felt jealousy at that moment in time). I was heading for the local zoo when the youngest passed out so the trip became drive-thru subs for lunch while giving my older son a car tour of where mommy used to go to school and other highlights that he may or may not recall later.
Fast forward to the late afternoon where we've found ourselves back home and the cozy play inside has now escalated to dangerous trapeze tricks off cribs, beds and other not-so-safe heights. Having recalled our car tour earlier in the day, there was a green flag on the beach when we made a hairpin trip to see the water. So there we were at just past 2:30pm and I was changing everyone into their bathing suits and grabbing a light bag with towels, provisions and toys.
We arrived at one of our favorite beach parks and it was deserted with only 2 or 3 cars in a lot that usually was filled to capacity at any given day with sunshine–contrast that with the muddy sky that couldn't commit to a steady rain like an emotional person that isn't sure they need to cry or not.
Unfazed by this blatant not-beach-day, I got everyone out and across A1A to the shore. We were pleasantly surprised by the other diehards present on the beach that truly did have a nice green flag flapping at the life guard tent.
We proceeded to enjoy the next few hours building in the sand and tearing down that magical section where the land and water kiss again and again. Life is full of satisfying surprises like this if we can manage to look past what we think is the "normal" mode and just go for immersing ourselves in the moment even when it means getting caked with sand on a drizzle of an afternoon in Florida.
The shells and rocks were also lackluster in appearance and selection but that didn't stop us from tossing them into the shore break and tearing apart the "shipping" canals we were building with these shards and coral bits. We can't allow ourselves to be so bound by what we think is the status quo or the right equation.
Today's strangling conventional wisdom would say: no sun and gray, rainy day equals no beach time in south Florida. I'm happy to have found out with my boys that this wisdom is unfound and there is a nice crowd of other fellow humans who were able to embrace the joy of the beach day out regardless of the messy precipitation.
Juno Beach: Pictured Above On Another Day Unlike Today's Gray Weather!
On a lighter note, my husband, son and I had the joy of hanging out with hundreds of other Florida Gators at the Downtown at Palm Beach Gardens this past Saturday.
Tim Tebow was in town on behalf of his Foundation and in exchange for a fee you could get a personal autograph and/or photo with him. $160 for autograph and $75 for a photo, some package deals available as well. At first this seemed to be quite the stiff fee but then when I thought about it, I told my husband it probably would be a worthy cause and we'd have a fun photo in our family lore.
Initially I sent my husband and son T.A. to go get the ticket and planned that they would go together for the photo. Once Saturday came around, however, I started to feel my Gator orange and blue pulse and wanted to be a part of it!
Our photo group ticket was scheduled for around 3pm, but when we arrived at the open court area we sensed that it may be a while longer.
It was a sight akin to a small carnival: there were tents with tables representing various local businesses, games and activities like a bounce house for the kids, guys walking around making balloon animals and orange and blue laden folks everywhere as far as the eye could reach in a 360 degree area.
We approached the line of being "on deck" waiting and found out that they were still working through the autograph groups (they were before the photographs). Judging by the group number (3) for autographs and acknowledging that we were group 6 of photographs, we took T.A. and sought out the bounce house by A Latte Fun.
While helping our son mitigate the most adult-type of waiting time, we got to chat with other fellow Gators. We began to hear all the stories that were already unfolding from events earlier that day. There was evidently a Gator Walk where Tim Tebow walked for the Foundation along with other Gators and he was careful to make sure he greeted everyone in the group. Those who had received autographs already were more than happy to wait for the photograph they also purchased because it meant sealing a great experience that had begun with a most personal autograph session.
The refrain we kept hearing was that Tebow was the "real deal", he genuinely gave his attention individually to everyone, he helped people onstage, he had a great sense of humor as he gladly participated in fun poses with some people like doing a Heisman pose or faking a football move.
One story that made a national cable news hit this past Monday was about a guy who gave Tebow his engagement ring (which Tebow held for a good 45 minutes before the guy and his girl arrived at the head of the line). When the couple approached, Tebow literally pulled out the ring box and opened it in front of them. The girl dropped her mouth as her boyfriend dropped to his knee and proposed to her in front of Tebow. Of all the shouts and whoos we heard that day, it was the loudest feedback from the crowd when this couple and their engagement was performed in front of Tebow. The jokes were consistent afterwards that they should have just had Tebow preside as minister for an impromptu wedding ceremony while they were at it!
It was nearly 7pm by the time our photo group finally was ready to be seen for a photograph with Tebow. Mind you, the event itself was supposed to last from 1-5pm that Saturday. Thankfully, Tebow was determined to honor all tickets and even though you could tell he was getting a little tired, he had hardly taken any breaks during the day-he is a strong football player and could see a prolonged autograph/photo session through.
Our son T.A. was also a trooper. We'd exhausted all the kid activities, most tents were now gone, the kitchen store Sur La Table had witnessed our presence multiple times (I bought some measuring cups on sale to at least say thanks for tolerating my pot and pan fanatic son), we'd treated him to some chamomile tea and even ice cream. We'd continued to show him the lines, the stage where the action was at and every time we mentioned Tim Tebow, he'd point to the football posters abounding in that area and say "boom!" while pushing his hands forward in an almost tackling motion.
We made it to the front finally and Tebow warmly greeted us. I had brought my Gator cross-country and track gear and greeted him as a fellow jock. T.A was placed next to him in my arms and we had a couple of photos taken. We noticed that the photographer was very nice and attentive to our son which we appreciated as we knew this guy had the longest day of work going on as well. We shook hands with Tebow again and congratulated him, I thanked him for being a great Christian witness and he was very humble in his gracious response.
Yes, Tim Tebow is the real deal. We wish him the best in all his endeavors, whether they be football, people, family and life in general. | {
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Phinnegan Lynch starring in the sequel to his last Regionals, return of the 9th.
I thought for sure after getting 11th, 10th, and 9th, I could not bubble again. The Gambler's Fallacy is a fallacy for a reason. While I do think I could have either played better, or use a better list in my last three Regionals, in this case I cannot find much I could have done to get to top 8. Do not interpret this as salt, because it really is not. In fact, I feel great about Salt Lake! I just find it strange that I still cannot find something that I could have improved upon, to force a better placement.
I have said a couple times now that I believe Pokemon is 95% skill and 5% luck. I am not ready to say otherwise just yet. I believe I played more optimally with a better list than I have at any other event this season. I used time to my advantage in every round, I made only a few minor misplays but no mistakes that ended up making any difference, and I would not change card in my list. I am proud of that man! BUT, with all of that being said, I still think there has to be something I could have improved upon. I cannot bring myself to believe that I could have done everything correctly, and still miss top 8.
Tournament reports are sort of silly to me because they do not teach the reader much in general. I see them more as entertainment than anything. But I am also curious to see if I can find an instance where I may have made a mistake that contributed to the 9th placement. Nevertheless some people enjoy them. I decided to write a somewhat lengthy tournament report (Day 1 report is in the free portion). I include the 60 card list I played in this piece again; in case you missed my post from Friday. The list I used is unorthodox to say the least, well at least, to most people it is. To me the list is very normal, and not much different from what my Darkrai has looked like for the last four months.
I go into great detail about my card counts and inclusions because I think most readers will not understand why this version of Darkrai works (and in my opinion is better) than the variant that is normally played. I finish off with some thought about the direction Darkrai will take with the future meta and their events.
By the way, be sure to check Cut or Tap the night before every event if you are a Stage 2 member, because I always post my lists here before a Regionals, Intercontinentals, and Worlds. In most cases I write articles that have my list, but occasionally I run out of time and simply post a list, as I did with Salt Lake. Frankly I think the list I used for this event is the most easily net-decked list I have posted thus far.
The combination of playing a pretty easy deck, while having more experience than anybody (I started using standard turbo dark in late November), and using a consistent list, made a day two placement feel inevitable. I felt very confident going into this event. I thought I would not only make top 8, but was estimating a top 4 or better. So what went wrong?
This is the number one most feared matchup I had going into the event. Rayquaza and Deci/Plume are what I considered to be Darkrai's toughest matchups, and facing one of them immediately was not settling.
I lose the coin flip and pray the turn one Vileplume does not come down. It does not! I Ultra ball for something and check on important prizes like Lysandre and Escape Rope. Both Escape Rope are in-deck which makes a very big difference, however both Lysandre are prized, which makes a bigger difference. I knew immediately that I had around a 0% chance of winning the game, but I continued to play. My strategy here was to prolong game one, and then win the second game to force a tie. My plan works out perfectly. I win the second game by using Lysandre multiple times, and then using a Kukui to hit enough damage to take knock out on my last turn. Game three was about five minutes in before we tied. Perfect!
After my opponent mulligans four times, it becomes clear what I am facing. The way I have built my list makes this matchup quite easy for me, so I expected to take the match without much struggle. Game one my opponent flips several tails on Crushings which lets me take the game quickly with a tsunami of Dark Pulse damage. Game two he flips a little better on Crushings, but cannot find a Lapras! He benches out after losing his only Wobbuffet to a Dark Pulse for 110.
This is the round I face Pram on stream. I LOVE being streamed, so this was very exciting for me. So exciting in fact, that I made my first misplay. If you watched closely during our first game, one of my Ultra Ball targets was incorrect because I had thought I was going to use Set Up. Michael started with Wobbuffet, which I noticed at the last second before I benched Shaymin. I should have discarded the Shaymin in my hand instead of discarding the Reverse Valley. However, I did not end up having the chance to take advantage of the stadium even if I did play it, and I did not bench the Shaymin, so the error really made no difference. Still, I should have known better.
I won the first game with one card left in my deck. I Pram had used Team Flare Grunt something like six times in an attempt to run me out of energy. Oblivion Wing is a great attack that kept me in the game throughout. I knew exactly how to play the matchup because of my testing with Andy Hyun over the last two weeks. I conserved Escape Rope until after Ice Beam, and left myself with the correct options in my hands. Game two did not finish. After around a 25 to 30 minute game one, I was not too inclined to rush myself. notwithstanding, game two was also looking good, and I think it would have been a win for me if we had another fifteen minutes. This list is Lapras' nightmare.
Finally I face a mirror. I love mirror because my list is pretty much built to beat it. I lose the coin flip for the fifth time, and actually benefit from it because I can Oblivion Wing before my opponent. I missed three Elixirs and was sort of irritated by that, considering how many energy I play in my list, but find a route to win by repeated Lysandre use. I take game one by saving my last Shaymin for my last turn so that I can ensure a Lysandre out.
I want to say I won the second game, but frankly I cannot remember if the game happened. Either I won the second game or it never finished.
EDIT: My opponent was Avery George. He informed me that we did not finish the second game. I also forgot to note that he was forced to discard all three of his Escape Rope on his first turn! This definitely made a difference in the game's outcome. Nice to meet you Avery!
I do not like this matchup. Polo Le is also a great player who I had never faced, which forced me to stay on my toes. Game one Polo pulls ahead, really ahead. He gets down to one prize while I have six left. I use this to my advantage by N'ing him down to one card and taking a knock out. He stumbles and does not do much after the N. I take another knock out and play Hex, going down to two prizes. Again Polo does not have an out to the game. I believe he did end up playing some sort of draw card on this turn, but I could be wrong. I could not take my last two prizes on the following turn, but I set myself up to have the game on the following turn. However, Polo finally finds an out to take the knock out. I try to go for a mind-game tactic that ultimately failed.
Game two takes the same direction to a degree. Long story short I end up N'ing him low again, but this time I take all of my prizes before he can. I ran a little better this time with combo-ing Set Up with Hex for a couple consecutive turns. By the time we finish this game, there is only about five minutes left. I play out game three in attempt to possibly take a donk to win the set. Once I see Polo Ultra Ball for Hoopa on turn 1 of time, I ask if he wants to tie because it is impossible for either of us to win. He agrees. The tie definitely works for me here. I do not think I would have won the last game if we played it out.
Drew Kennet is another amazing player and I knew that whatever he was piloting would most likely be a tough matchup. He went first and played Magikarp, which was a slight give-away. Fortunately for me, he dead drew for a good amount of our first game. I took advantage by never playing N and using Dark Pulse repeatedly. By the time Drew came out of the draw deficit, I had taken too much of a lead for him to recover. After our match, he said that his one Remoraid being prized gave him most of the trouble with draws that he ran into.
Game two was a bit of the same situation. Drew prized his Remoraid once again and dead drew towards the mid game for the same reason. I won another somewhat undeserving game. The matchup is difficult for Darkrai, around 40/60, so I was very lucky to have taken the match with a win.
I go into this matchup thinking I am favored due to the energy recovery I have with Yveltal (XY). My opponent flipping all heads on Crushing Hammers and me missing three Elixirs made the game hard to win. I almost pull it off, but cannot force my opponent to miss Lysandre and lose a close game one.
Game two really puzzled me. I remember walking away from the game feeling very confused, trying to figure out what went wrong. I lost again, but this time my opponent flipped two tails and one heads. I missed two Elixirs, which is manageable, but not great. I felt that I should have been able to win with these numbers. I still do not fully understand why I lost. Maybe Tauros Hammers is actually just a bad matchup. I believe if there is something that I did wrong at Salt Lake, it may have been in this matchup.
While Tauros Hammer is a very underplayed deck, I will most likely test it extensively because it is the only deck throughout the weekend that beat me without me dead drawing. It is also the only loss that I had where I was 2-0'd. My other two losses were due to me starting with a lone Pokemon and being benched out, as you will read about in the day 2 section of this report.
I know that I cannot leave this match with anything less than a win. Volcanion is one of my better matchups, so I am confident that I can do it. Game one is pretty slow, but close. It was an ideal situation actually; one that I almost always strive for with the first game. I was subtly ahead the whole time, but not to a point where my opponent would scoop up. What this does is ensure that the game will run its course, but will also eat up enough time to give me a good chance of taking the set 1-0. Some strong Lysandre knock outs give me the win after about half an hour.
Game two is VERY scary. I start off with a lone Baby Yveltal with no draw cards. Two turns go by where I do nothing other than attach and use an impotent Oblivion Wing. I heavily consider scooping up my cards to try my luck with a quick third game. I stick with my gut and wait to see if I can draw out of the situation. My opponent has an opportunity to win the game, but he needs to play N to do so. He decides it is worth the risk, and plays N. I was lucky enough to see my opponent miss what he needed to Volcanic Heat.
I get a draw card from the N and come back into the game. At this point I do not care at all about taking knock outs, or even trying to create a board presence for that matter. All I am trying to do is put myself in a position where I cannot lose before time + turns are over. I play very defensively, relying on baby Yveltals and end up pushing the game until my opponent cannot win by the end of time. He told me after the match that he thinks he could have won the second game, but did not notice it until after the fact. Sheesh!
I like this matchup. I know Mega Mewtwo is in theory a 50-50 against Darkrai, but I practiced Mega Mewtwo extensively over the last month, which gives me the advantage of knowing the ideal strategies to employ against it. For example, in game three I opted to pass instead of using Dark Pulse for 200 because I knew my opponent's chances of having the Lysandre/Damage Swap combo were high.
Game one goes well to say the least. My opponent misses energy attachments and I go four for four on Max Elixirs. Think I did 240 on my last turn.
Game two I dead draw starting on my first turn. I have a hard time understanding how my list can play so many consistency cards and I still dead draw as much as I did. I scoop after my third turn because I realize my opponent has too much momentum for me to deal with.
With a small amount of time to finish the third game, I play very quickly. Going first is huge because I can Dark Pulse before my opponent can Psychic Infinity. I trade just a little bit better and then by the late game I hit for a ton of damage once again and take my last four prizes pretty handily.
I can't see any turbo dark beating deciplume with regice and jolteon. Need an article for help! Adding double or even triple hex doesn't help enough!
This thursday I have an article going up where I discuss Darkrai in more detail. I will explain the matchup. | {
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I am privileged to ask for your support as I cycle in the 2019 Victory Ride to Cure Cancer, an event which supports the V Foundation for Cancer Research. Your donation enhances the ability of world-class cancer centers in North Carolina and across the United States in their mission to eradicate this disease.
Throughout my career, I have witnessed the amazing strength and courage shown by so many patients, their families, and their friends. It is probable that you know at least one person who has been impacted by cancer as the statistics are truly staggering. One in two men and one in three women in the U.S. will be touched by cancer. The Victory Ride and the V Foundation are committed to changing those numbers, and so am I!
I know first hand that research saves lives, that it is expensive, and that it is under-funded. We can either wring our hands or actively overcome this problem. 100% of the money raised by the Victory Ride will be used to fund research. None of it will be spent on institutional overhead. I am joining the Victory Ride to honor the struggle of all patients and their families and to help the V Foundation achieve victory over cancer. I hope that you will join me in this endeavor with your tax-deductible contribution today! | {
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DaNell Daymon & Greater Works on "America's Got Talent:" Wiki & 4 Facts to Know
By: Dontei Wynter - Published: August 29, 2017 at 11:28 am
Photo: YouTube.com/Danell Daymon & Greater Works: Choir Group Brings the House Down - America's Got Talent 2017
If you have missed your favorite choir, then you won't want to miss DaNell Daymon & Greater Works on America's Got Talent. It might be hard to remember the last time you saw DaNell Daymon & Greater Works on AGT, but we're here to refresh your memory with our DaNell Daymon & Greater Works wiki.
The Gospel Choir's Background
DaNell Daymon & Greater Works members are a contemporary gospel choir made up of both men and women between the ages of 24 to 59. They come from Seattle, Washington, New York City, Portland, Atlanta, Portland, and more. Daymon is the group's vocal director and he lived in Seattle for the last 17 years. He moved to D.C. in 2016 to become a choir director of a local Baptist church. Daymon founded the choir in 2010.
Their AGT Audition
Damon and his gospel choir made quite the impression during their America's Got Talent audition. They sang a modern rendition of "This Little Light of Mine" and were immediately sent to the next round, the Judge Cuts. For those who know him by reputation, Simon Cowell isn't easy to impress and has sat in front of some of the most horrible singers from his American Idol days. According to News Tribune, DaNell Daymon & Greater Works sent five audition tapes to AGT, before the producers were satisfied and won over by their arrangement of "Proud Mary." And of course, their talent paid off and landed them an audition that the judges will never forget.
Seal Couldn't Stay Seated!
When Seal was a guest judge, the choir sang "Ain't No Mountain High" and it had the singer dancing out of his seat.
"There was a joy that filled this room when you started singing," Seal said. "You got me out of my seat. I loved it."
Judge Howie Mandel also loved their performance and wasn't afraid to shower them with praises.
"You took this Jew to church," Mandel said in June.
Their performances have earned them standing ovations from not only the judges but the audience as well.
DaNell Daymon & Greater Works Live Show 3
It's time for Tuesday's quarterfinals and the choir have been rehearsing for five hours a day, seven days a week in Los Angeles. The group hasn't revealed what they will be singing but we can only assume it will be another song worthy of yet another standing ovation. They have to compete against many other singers and dancers this week, but something tells us that they have what it takes to move on to the next round. Could they be the next recipient of the $1.0 million including the chance to perform future shows in Las Vegas? It's anyone's guess who will take home the prize, but if a gospel choir can make a believer out of Mandel and Cowell, then they are definitely talented! We hope all that non-stop rehearsing will pay off in the end.
Don't forget to watch Tuesday's live episode of America's Got Talent on August 28 at 8:00 p.m. EST, on NBC! | {
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Whether you've been in the marketplace for small business health insurance plan while having the right finance option would be to amend your policy from most insurance companies set their pricing. It is quite an option to print a temporary policy that allows me to the power of ppc to drive a vehicle without a lot of obvious benefits, but it's always worth comparing the extent of cover. Since no one ever said it before your trip, always top off your principle balance, the books here are any special skills. For those requiring an efficient method with which you will still be profitable. Even when children are old enough to cover the data and easy to skim through and contain relevant graphics, illustrations, statistics, and factors like your age in Fort Worth. | {
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Oxygen barometry using synchrotron MicroXANES of vanadium
Sutton S.R.; Karner J.M.; Papike J.J.; Delaney J.S.; Shearer C.K.; Newville M.; Eng P.; Rivers M.; Dyar M.D., 2004: Oxygen barometry using synchrotron MicroXANES of vanadium. LPI Contribution 1203: 61
Wadepuhl, M.; Beyn, W.J., 1989: Computer simulation of the hydrostatic skeleton. The physical equivalent, mathematics and application to worm-like forms. The functional principles of a hydrostatic skeleton were combined to obtain a physical model which includes geometry, number and length-tension relationships of the elastic elements in the body wall, internal volume and internal pressure. The mode...
Yari, F.; Ahmadzadeh, N.; Azadpour, S.; Vaeli, S., 2013: HLA Antigens Shed from the Surface of Synthetic or Naturally Occurred Platelet-Derived Microparticles During Storage of Platelet Concentrate. The demand for standard platelet concentrates (PCs) has continued to increase in the recent years. Infusible platelet membranes (IPM) prepared from new or outdated human platelets have been developed as an alternative to standard PCs, with the add...
Mohammad, A.R.; Suliman, A.; Ruprecht, A.; Sastry, K.A., 1986: Effects of retinyl palmitate on DMBA tumorgenesis in the rat submandibular salivary gland. Journal of Oral Medicine 41(4): 262-268
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Lew P.D.; Monod A.; Krause K H.; Waldvogel F.A.; Biden T.J.; Schlegel W., 1986: The role of cytosolic free calcium in the generation of inositol 1 4 5 trisphosphate and inositol 1 3 4 trisphosphate in hl 60 cells differential effects of chemotactic peptide receptor stimulation at distinct calcium levels. The generation of the two inositol trisphosphate (IP3) isomers, 1,4,5-IP3 and 1,3,4-IP3, and its relation to changes in the cytosolic free calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, in response to the chemotactic peptide fMet-Leu-Phe was studied in the human...
Baumeister, J.; Striffler, A.; Brandt, M.; Neumann, M., 2016: Collaborative decision support and documentation in chemical safety with KnowSEC. To protect the health of human and environment, the European Union implemented the REACH regulation for chemical substances. REACH is an acronym for Registration, Evaluation, Authorization, and Restriction of Chemicals. Under REACH, the authoritie...
Okoli, C.T.C.; Otachi, J.K.; Kaewbua, S.; Woods, M.; Robertson, H., 2017: Factors Associated With Staff Engagement in Patients' Tobacco Treatment in a State Psychiatric Facility. Persons with mental illnesses (MI) who use tobacco are likely to experience poorer physical health and worsened psychiatric symptomology as compared to their non-tobacco-using counterparts. Therefore, engaging them in treatment is an important asp...
Zagruzina I.A.; Tsvetkov L.P., 1967: Garnets from some rocks of the Chukchi region. From metamorphic, intrusive, and extrusive rocks, chemical data, crystal forms, Soviet Far East.
Pease, M.E.; McCabe, A.E.; Brannon, L.A.; Tagler, M.J., 2003: Memory distortions for pre-Y2K expectancies: a demonstration of the hindsight bias. Journal of Psychology 137(4): 397-399
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Tivoli Avenida Liberdade Lisboa has two exclusive restaurants in the center of Lisbon, SEEN Lisboa and Cervejaria Liberdade, and 2 bars, the Sky Bar and the Lobby Bar. Whether you are in Lisbon for business or leisure, find a little bit to taste our delicious delicacies or enjoy one of our magnificent cocktails, while enjoying the splendid views of the center of Lisbon.
The new spot to "sin and be seen"
Decoration is Art Déco inspired and the stunning views over the hills of Lisbon are a perfect complement to chefpreneur Olivier da Costa's varied menu which along with the designer cocktails of Lucas Jaqcues make SEEN the city's new hotspot.
Cervejaria Liberdade serves the best fish and seafood sourced from the over 800 kms of Portuguese coastline. Take the chance to savour the same fresh produce prepared in different styles and cultures - such as Japanese or Peruvian – and experience a new concept of restaurant in Lisbon's centre.
Lisbon's hottest Summer rooftop bar - put that on your bucket list and head for the top floor, for a breathtaking view over the city, but also the best ambience, beautiful people, incredible music and the city's most famous cocktail bar.
Relax and unwind in a vibrant open space bursting with elegant flair and natural light. Our Lobby Bar is perfect for business meetings or taking it easy before or after a long day. Choose from a range of gourmet snacks, sandwiches and salads, or luxuriate over elegant afternoon tea and signature cocktails.
Located in our tropical garden, the Pool Bar is open in the summer months and is perfect for taking a light but special meal. In addition to sandwiches, salads and ice creams, the extensive menu offers an excellent range of cocktails, fresh wines and natural juices. | {
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The Deal Pick up lift tickets and a $25 daily resort credit.
Stay On the shores of Mirror Lake, the redesigned High Peaks Resort offers indoor and outdoor heated pools, an Aveda Spa, and a free Whiteface Mountain shuttle.
Details Pay $193 a person and receive two nights' lodging, lift tickets, and breakfast, plus $25 per day to use at the resort's restaurants or spa.
From the Smart Luxury Awards 2009 issue of Sherman's Travel magazine. | {
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Big Circumstance
Dave Faulkner. Musings of an evangelical Methodist minister.
September 24, 2008 Dave Faulkner Current Affairs One comment
Please sign this petition from Avaaz:
Canada, France and Italy are threatening to break their poverty promises by slashing aid budgets. Sign the petition to stop them — and poverty expert Jeff Sachs will deliver our messages to world leaders gathered at the UN this week!
World leaders gather this Thursday at the United Nations to renew the fight against extreme poverty. But three countries — France, Canada, and Italy — are threatening to undermine the world's anti poverty efforts, by slashing their development aid budgets and breaking their international promises.
Sarkozy, Harper, and Berlusconi promised to contribute 0.7% of their national income to fighting poverty — aid money that would save millions of lives, and still leave these donor countries with 99.3% of their money. But apparently, they think 99.3% is not enough.
Our best chance to keep these rich countries to their word on aid delivery is to raise the alarm in New York this week. Sign our petition now, spread it to friends and family — and our friend, world famous economist and top UN official on poverty, Jeffrey Sachs will deliver it in speeches to the assembled heads of state at the UN summit this Thursday. The more names on the petition, the stronger the message that promises on poverty must be kept. Click below to sign now:
http://www.avaaz.org/en/poverty_promise_breakers
We know that public outcries like this one can work — because massive people-powered movements have transformed the fight against poverty over the last decade. The Jubilee movement cancelled hundreds of billions in dictator debt in 2000, and pushed world leaders to adopt the Millennium Development Goals to cut world poverty in half by 2015. In 2005, poverty campaigners the world over won commitments from G8 leaders to double aid to Africa. Because of these efforts millions of poverty related deaths have been stopped and millions more children are attending school, sleeping under anti-Malaria bed nets, and drinking clean water. Denmark, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have all exceeded the 0.7% target and in this year aid rose in real terms in nine EU countries. If all countries stick to their promises, programmes fighting disease and alleviating extreme poverty could be scaled up across the world.
But this year, some rich-country leaders apparently think that the public no longer cares about poverty. In Canada, which kept 99.7% of its income last year, Stephen Harper seems more interested in winning his election than in upholding Canada's tradition of moral leadership. France's Sarkozy, for all of his diplomatic efforts, appears to think that his people don't care about lives and deaths beyond his borders. And in Italy — already one of the stingiest donors in the world — Berlusconi appears happy to slash crucial funding, even though, as host of next year's G8 summit, his actions set an example for the other richest countries.
French and Italian Avaaz members are already flooding their governments with thousands of messages about aid. But those of us in the rest of the world can play a crucial role as well–sending Harper, Sarkozy, and Berlusconi a clear signal that we expect them to keep to their word — so please help us raise an outcry that can't be ignored at the UN summit:
In recent years, millions have been galvanized by a vision: that ours can be the generation that ends extreme poverty. With other crises vying for our attention, the strength of this vision is now being tested. Let's join together and ensure that leaders keep their promises — so that the promise of human potential in even the poorest communities can be unleashed.
Ben, Alice, Ricken, Graziela, Paul, Milena, Iain, Veronique, Brett — the entire Avaaz team
PS: For a report on Avaaz's campaigning so far, see: https://secure.avaaz.org/en/report_back_2
Fact sheet on Official Development Assistance from rich countries:
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/27/55/40381862.pdf
More on the Millennium Development Goals:
http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/
Bono and Jeffrey Sachs' blog on the poverty debate this week in New York:
http://blogs.ft.com/mdg/
To learn more about the international campaigning that has moved governments in recent years, see:
http://www.whiteband.org and http://www.inmyname.com/ and http://www.one.org/international/
More on concern about France's meeting 0.7% targets see:
http://www.oecd.org/document/45/0,,en_2649_201185_40948205_1_1_1_1,00
More on Canada's backtracking on 0.7% commitment:
http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/story.html?id=9c489487-aab9-477c-babf-5d109566df2f&p=2
To see the 2008 report on governmental aid to Africa see:
http://www.one.org/report/en/press.html
To learn about Jeffrey Sachs' work on UN Millennium Development Goals see:
htp://www.unmillenniumproject.org
To see examples of how aid is working see:
http://www.millenniumpromise.org and http://www.mdgmonitor.org/factsheets.cfm
ABOUT AVAAZ
Avaaz.org is an independent, not-for-profit global campaigning organization that works to ensure that the views and values of the world's people inform global decision-making. (Avaaz means "voice" in many languages.) Avaaz receives no money from governments or corporations, and is staffed by a global team based in London, Rio de Janeiro, New York, Paris, Washington DC, and Geneva.
Click here to learn more about our largest campaigns.
Don't forget to check out our Facebook and Myspace and Bebo pages!
avaazBerlusconiHarperJeffrey SachspovertySarkozyUnited Nationsworld development
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Tom Humes says:
Nice Site layout for your blog. I am looking forward to reading more from you.
Tom Humes | {
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Q: jquery .val() (something wrong here) I have code:
<input id="arrPathPhotoTop" value = < ? php echo json_encode($arrPathPhotoTop); ?> hidden>
Real html code is:
<input id="arrPathPhotoTop" value="{"1":".\/files\/topface-numbers\/1.jpg","2":".\/files\/topface-numbers\/2.jpg"}" hidden>
1)console input: $("#arrPathPhotoTop").val("www");
Output:
[
<input id="arrPathPhotoTop" value="{"1":".\/files\/topface-numbers\/1.jpg","2":".\/files\/topface-numbers\/2.jpg"}" hidden >
]
2)console input:
$("#arrPathPhotoTop").val();
Output:
"www"
Result: code html didnt cange but "real" value have beed changed. Is it ok?
Example img: http://i.stack.imgur.com/Y1hkN.jpg
CHECK IT: http://jsfiddle.net/nywuctuk/S9mUL/1702/ WTF?
real ANSWER is: hidden chaned to type="hidden"
http://jsfiddle.net/nywuctuk/S9mUL/1703/
p.s. The name of site must be changed like "help yourself" :D
A: Jquery's .val() will change the value property of that element object internally. That means it will not reflect those changes in the value attribute of HTML. This is a natural behaviour of how .val() works. If you want to get or set the value attribute present with html string then you need to use .attr()
A: The 'value' tag governs the original value when the page is loaded, but is mostly irrelevant afterwards; you've correctly updated the value, but that won't change the original HTML. You can pretty much ignore the HTML-specified initial value now.
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Pasco county fl craigslist jobs.
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Money&Co.'s CEO Nicola Horlick is on a crusade - to take crowdfunding to the people. It starts in Chipping Norton tonight. Nicola is speaking at the Wine Bear, a small wine-retail business in the centre of the town, with the aim of explaining and promoting the concept of crowdfunding - a radical, simple but still relatively obscure way of bringing investors and businesses together.
Nicola has returned from a recent speaking engagment at the International Festival of Business in Liverpool with fire in her belly. She discovered from a fellow speaker that, as she writes in her latest blog, that "only 3 per cent of the UK population had ever heard of the concept."
"Most crowdfunding sites having a minimum investment of only £100, so anyone who has savings can participate," explains Nicola. "That is one of the things that I love about it. Rather than private-company investing being reserved exclusively for the very rich, everyone can now participate. My mission is to make sure that everyone has heard of crowdfunding."
She'll be doing that over a glass of wine tonight in Oxfordshire - the first of many such engagements ahead. | {
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Final Fantasy X-3 Will Be a Massive Project With Hundreds of Staff, Says Kitase
Ali Haider July 25, 2019
Final Fantasy X will always be looked at fondly because it was one of the first Final Fantasy for the PS2, and the game was actually good. There have been quite a few comments on the state of Final Fantasy X-3 development but nothing concrete has come out of it.
Final Fantasy series producer, Yoshinori Kitase is currently working on Final Fantasy VII Remake. Kitase was present at E3 to share details on the game. The game now has a release date set for early next year and with the plans of multiple sequels set in motion, Kitase seems to be busy with his new job.
Read More: Rage 2 Update Adding New Game Plus and Difficulty Modes Is Out Now
In an interview with GameInformer, Kitase was asked about the state of Final Fantasy X-3 and whether they have any plans to develop the game. His comment made it clear that currently, they don't have the time neither the resources to work on such a sequel as it will take "hundreds of staff" to make it.
"The idea comes up from time to time when a few close people that had worked on the original Final Fantasy X talk with each other, " explains Kitase.
Read More: CDPR: Cyberpunk 2077 Has No Pre-Order Bonus So That Everyone Can Get The "Same Content"
"However, it is merely standard chitchat and there have been no movements to realize it because, once the project begins, there is no doubt that it would become a massive project with hundreds of staff working on it (and I have an ongoing project that I need to finish before then!)."
Final Fantasy X-2 did get an official sequel with a novel by the writer of the story, Kazushige Nojima. It is controversial due to some decisions that were made regarding the main characters but still fans are hoping that they get a chance to revisit the world of Final Fantasy X sometime again in the future. Judging by what Kitase has said, it doesn't seem likely that this will happen anytime soon.
final fantasy x-3
PS4 Firmware Update 7.00 Beta Codes Are Out, New Features Confirmed
Final Fantasy 35th Anniversary Presentation Rumored To Happen On February 7
Final Fantasy Creator Sakaguchi Is Working On a New Dark Fantasy Game
Muhammad Ali Bari December 29, 2022
Here Are The Top 10 Favorite Final Fantasy Games & Characters According To Japan
Final Fantasy XVI Is One Of The Most Violent Games In The Series According To ESRB | {
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Eid Mubarak Messages,Wishes and Greetings 2018:As we all know that this year Eid Al Adha is going to celebrate on 21 August 2018 in India & Other Countries, This festival is celebrated on different dates in various countries. This holy festival is celebrated by all Muslim communities from all over the world. If you looking for eid al adha messages 2018, eid al adha status 2018, eid al adha thoughts 2018, eid al adha sms 2018, eid al adha 2018, eid al adha wishes 2018, eid al adha messages, wishes, greetings, SMS, status for WhatsApp & facebook or twitter then you are at right place. From our website, you can download all latest eid al adha quotes and send to your beloved one's or families, friends or relatives.
Eid is the biggest festival for Muslims. The almighty Allah blessed them with two joys eid day each year. The first one is "Eid-Al-Fitr" which comes after one month of fasting during the holy month of "Ramadan". And "Eid-Al-Adha" which is called the "Sacrifice Feast", is the second of two biggest Islamic holidays celebrated worldwide each year. Wishing a happy Eid day and saying Eid Mubarak to your dearest and loved ones is not only satisfying but also reflects the significance of this day to you. So, here we have some best Eid Mubarak messages for you to help you find the best one for your friends, family, girlfriend, boyfriend and even for your husband or wife. | {
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Founded in 1995, Multipet International remains true to its guiding principles of putting unique design, superior quality and fun into the world of pet products. The ever-popular Loofa Dog toy has become a household name thanks to appearances in commercials with some of America's favorite brands. Today, Multipet is enjoyed by owners across the globe who recognize the need for progressive toys for today's pets!
Dogs just wanna have fun, and Multipet toys make it happen! | {
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Hornsby, an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of New South Wales, has had two incarnations, the first from 1927 to 1991, the second from 1999 to the present.
Members for Hornsby
Election results
Elections in the 2010s
2019
2015
2011
Elections in the 2000s
2007
2003
2002 by-election
Elections in the 1990s
1999
1991-1999
Elections in the 1980s
1988
1984
1981
Elections in the 1970s
1978
1976
1973
1971
Elections in the 1960s
1968
1965
1962
Elections in the 1950s
1959
1956
1953
1950
Elections in the 1940s
1947
1944
1941
Elections in the 1930s
1938
1935
1932
1930
Elections in the 1920s
1927
Notes
References
New South Wales state electoral results by district | {
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Sirdar Soukie DK shade 181 Cactus.
This is a special offer for Soukie shade 181 Cactus. For other shades of Soukie Click Here.
Spattered with sequins, Soukie DK is a sophisticated yarn with cotton and shine twisted together in fabulous colours. It creates glamorous hand knits for all those glittering parties and holiday evenings that catch the light and make you sparkle! | {
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Note from NH: If you are purchasing and installing your own hardwood floors, this article should be of particular interest to you if you want the most professional-looking installation.
The way that the color was originally produced was by using universal colorant; therefore you can tweak the color by adding more or different universal colorants. A few things that I have used to alter the color of wood filler are; latex paint, chocolate syrup and food coloring. Some wood flooring contractors mix oil based stain into their latex wood floor filler, apparently it works although it doesn't sound like a good idea to me, possibly water base stain would be a more compatible colorant.
There is one trick that I have used colored latex filler for that is time consuming and labor intensive but it works. When you work for home builders you will always be asked to do things that are not right. You can protest but in the end if you don't comply they will find someone else who will. The situation is that you have a floor that has been finished and sitting in a house for a long while that has no humidifier. The floor has gaps between most of the flooring boards because the floor and the house are overly dry and the floor boards have become dimensionally smaller. To properly swell the flooring back to the original sizes would require the installation of a whole house humidifier and take at least three months. To fix the problem I took several different colors of floor filler, using them all and a putty knife, I filled the gaps in areas of about nine square feet of flooring at a time. After filling each area I washed the excess filler off of the floor using wet rags. I washed it again to remove most but not all of the latex residue. When I was finished I would look at the areas and if I could see the filled gaps too easily I worked a different color of filler into the area to change the color of the gaps to be less noticeable. I did this to the entire hardwood floor area. This process took so long that by the time that I was finished filling the floor, most of the filler had dried. Then, starting where the filler is the driest, I took a used 180 grit abrasive screen under a heavy floor buffer and screened, vacuumed and coated the floor with oil based polyurethane. Although not perfect, the improvement to the floor was huge.
Prefinished wood floor filler is not so widely used because it is a fairly new product, expensive, dries out in the jar and gets ruined if allowed to freeze. This filler is only used on floors that are already finished, and prefinished hardwood floors. As always, it's best to work with several colors at a time, I suggest one light one dark and one warm color compared to the color of the floor. The different colors can be mixed together, trying to match the color of the grain. Nail holes should be made to match the color around them.
This filler has the same ingredients as latex wood floor filler except the water has been replaced with satin water based polyurethane. Therefore this filler stays almost the same color after it dries as it is when it's wet. The nice attributes of this filler is that after if hardens, it becomes water proof, therefore it needs no top coat and it has a very low shrink rate. If you're filling a wood floor between coats of water based polyurethane then this is the filler to use. If you're filling an already finished floor or a prefinished floor with this product always, wipe the filler and area off with a damp rag or a shinny spot will appear around the spots that were filled. When using this filler, it helps to carry small amounts of this filler around in a damp rag, the damp rag will keep the filler from drying out while using it. This stuff will dry in your hand and stick to your skin. You need to be careful not drop crumbs of this filler onto the floor, if you step on them they will stick.
We used to make our own wood putty on the job site, calcium carbonate and linseed oil are cheap, but over time it proved easer to buy wood putty already made. This product is very similar to window glazing compound, years ago wood flooring contractors would mix universal colorant into window glazing compound and use it as a wood floor filler. If your filling a floor between coats of oil based polyurethane, then this is the filler of choice. Never use this filler under water based polyurethane. If you're not coating over this filler with polyurethane, you will need to wash off the oil smudges that will appear on the floor around the filled areas.
I don't know how this stuff is made. It is a two part system, you mix the parts together and a chemical reaction causes the material to harden in five to twelve minutes. The only thing that this filler is used for is to fill open knots is rustic floors, before the sanding process. This material can run out the bottom of a knot, so a couple applications may be necessary. Usually a black or dark brown pigment is added to match the color of the knots. | {
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From pharmaceuticals and OTC brands to multi-location hospital systems and everything in between, one of our core specializations is integrated media strategy, planning and buying for the healthcare sector. We understand compliance and industry regulations—and what it takes to reach your specific demographic.
Media Planners often oversimplify a target definition. Why? Because that approach makes it easier to navigate syndicated data, which can be readily used to negotiate media—and then they take the shortest route to compile reach and frequency.
But, simple demographics don't tell the full story. Even seemingly mundane categories have unique drivers of purchase behavior that can translate into better targeting, which can translate into a more strategic approach to media planning and provide leverage in the buying process.
Want to see if we're a fit?
Take our questionnaire to find out.
OCD Media ensures that consumer products and healthcare brands make media buying decisions with precision. | {
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