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|---|---|---|---|---|---|
return in 2014 or 2015?
2015, the year you actually will pay it.
Thanks, that is what I have always thought.
end up not being deductible (software typically has a worksheet for this).
is postmarked 12/31/14, it is a 2014 payment.
: return in 2014 or 2015? | {
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DeepSlant
Texans Top 100
Friday, Apr 26, 2019 10:03 AM
Tytus Howard pick not a surprise...for Texans
Tytus Howard may have been a surprise to fans and media, but the scouting community has been aware of his talents for quite some time.
Texans general manager Brian Gaine plucked the offensive tackle from Alabama State with the 23rd overall pick on Thursday evening, and he said the first-rounder has been on a lot of teams' radars for awhile.
"He was a guy that the whole National Football League knew about as early as the month of June and then when you went and saw him play in August and September and the early portions of the fall, you saw a good-looking prospect," Gaine said. "Like I said, he passed the test at every stage of our evaluation. Happy to have him."
Alabama State is a member of the SWAC, but before conference play began last fall, Howard acquitted himself well in a non-conference matchup against Auburn.
Football 101: T Tytus Howard
1st-rounder Tytus Howard "checked all the boxes"
Recapping Day 1 of the Texans Draft
He continued impressing the NFL scouting community throughout the season and in the pre-Draft process, and Howard never doubted his capabilities.
"I was expecting first round," the newest Texan said, when asked how high he thought he might get drafted.
Gaine, who reeled off all of Howard's impressive physical qualities in a Thursday evening press conference after the first round, also is impressed with the first-rounder's mental game on and off the field.
"The best selections, I know I have said this in the past, are the ones where you have a guy that meets the physical profile with the intangible profile and we like that profile on offensive lineman, especially," Gaine said. "He's going to be a good addition to what I would say the offensive line room. He's going to be a very good addition in terms of the football personality in the offensive line room."
Gaine and the Texans will add more to the roster tonight. They own the 54th, 55th and 86th overall picks.
Photos: Texans Draft Party
The Houston Texans Draft Party presented by Miller Lite was a huge success as the team welcomed the newest member of the team, T Tytus Howard!
Mike Welsch/Houston Texans
Texans win Best Overall Video Display for Gameday experience
The Houston Texans home game experience is the best in the NFL, thanks to their award-winning video production team.
Texans Top 100: Andre Johnson's clutch catch in 2008 win over Dolphins
Andre Johnson caught 1,012 passes in his Texans career and perhaps no reception was more important than the one he stole away from the Dolphins to lead the Texans to a big win in 2008.
DeAndre Hopkins is 1 of 4 players with 99 rating in Madden 20
DeAndre Hopkins is the only offensive player with a 99 rating in Madden NFL 20.
Texans Top 100: Houston wins on Battle Red Day debut
Battle Red Day is a Texans tradition that began with a huge upset win and maintains its status as a unique, highly-anticipated day on the schedule every year. | {
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Open Source FPV Capable RC Transmitter based on the Arduino Due (SAM3X8E)
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Inspired by the coat and leggings.
Also featuring leg warmers. The classic winter essential.
Featuring the classic Russian Hat.
Plus, featuring ankle socks. Helps for a quick warm up.
What's your favourite for Winter? | {
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Pa Patient Saf Advis 2009 Jun;6(2):56-62.
Safety in the MR Environment: Ferromagnetic Projectile Objects in the MRI Scanner Room
Cardiology; Critical Care; Emergency Medicine; Nursing; Radiology
The static magnetic field of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner exerts forces on ferromagnetic and other magnetic materials near the field. These forces can draw unrestrained objects, making them airborne, into the scanner's magnet bore. This phenomenon is known as the projectile effect and can result in catastrophic consequences for individuals near the scanner and significant damage to equipment. To avoid serious or fatal injury from projectiles, magnetic resonance (MR) personnel must understand the principles of the projectile effect and properly screen individuals before entering the scanner room for ferromagnetic objects. In some cases, medical equipment needed in the scanner room for patient assessment or treatment (e.g., physiologic monitor, infusion pump) could also pose projectile risks. Additionally, the static magnetic field may cause medical equipment to malfunction, which may result in serious or fatal patient injury. MR personnel must know what equipment is safe to allow into the scanner room and what equipment is unsafe and should be left out of the room. Between June 2004 and December 2008, the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority received 27 reports of objects becoming projectiles in the MR environment, 16 ferromagnetic items that were brought into the MRI scanner room without becoming projectiles, and 5 ferromagnetic items almost allowed into the MRI scanner room. Proper MR screening practices for ferromagnetic items and establishing protocols for identifying and labeling equipment that can and cannot be brought into the scanner room will help reduce the risk of objects becoming projectiles within the MR environment.
A March 2009 Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory article discussed magnetic resonance (MR) safety screening practices. This article continues the discussion of MR safety, focusing on the safety concerns of ferromagnetic objects and ferromagnetic medical equipment entering the magnetic resonance imaging scanner room.
Ferromagnetic materials can be influenced by translational (linear) and torque (rotational) forces exerted by the static magnetic field of the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. These forces, primarily translational forces, can draw unrestrained objects, making them airborne, into the magnet's bore. This hazardous phenomenon is known as the projectile, or missile, effect, which can potentially result in serious or fatal injuries to individuals in the scanner room. Any object, regardless of size, can become a dangerous projectile. For example, paper clips and hairpins have been shown to travel at speeds up to 40 mph into a 1.5 T magnet.1
Some incidents of the projectile effect have been reported in the mainstream news media. For example, one fatal event involved a six-year-old child undergoing an MRI scan. During the scan, while the child was lying on the MRI table, an oxygen canister consisting of ferromagnetic materials was brought into the room. The force of the magnet pulled the oxygen canister into the magnetic bore, causing the canister to strike the child's head. The child eventually died from the injuries.2
In another well-known event, an off-duty police officer was scheduled to undergo a MRI examination. A misunderstanding occurred between the officer and the magnetic resonance (MR) technologist when the technologist asked the officer to proceed to the MRI patient waiting area. The officer mentioned his holstered handgun to the technologist before entering the MRI dressing room. The technologist informed the officer to proceed to the patient waiting area with the gun; the technologist planned to secure the weapon in that room. However, the officer misunderstood and brought the gun into the MRI scanner room. While the technologist was entering the officer's patient information into a computer, the officer entered the scanner room and attempted to place the gun on top of a cabinet, which was approximately 3 feet away from magnet bore. The force of the magnet pulled the gun from the officer's hand and drew the gun to the magnet bore. When the gun struck the magnet, it spontaneously discharged a bullet (despite that fact that the firearm's safety mechanism was engaged), which struck a wall in the scanner room. There were no injuries as a result of this incident.3
Between June 2004 and December 2008, the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority received 44 reports describing 27 ferromagnetic items that became projectiles, 16 ferromagnetic items that were brought into the MRI scanner room without becoming projectiles, and 5 ferromagnetic items that were almost brought into the MRI scanner room. (Forty-eight items were cited in 44 reports: in 2 projectile reports, an oxygen tank and a ventilator were reported; and in 2 other reports, an oxygen tank and a stretcher were reported.) Of the 44 reports, only 3 minor injuries were reported. See Tables 1 through 3 for information about the ferromagnetic items cited in the reports.
Table 1. Projectile Ferromagnetic Items in MRI Scanner Rooms Reported to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, June 2004 through December 2008
Ferromagnetic Items Quantity of Items
Cardiac monitor 1
Clipboard 1
Hearing aid battery 1
Infusion pump 1
Intravenous (IV) basket 1
IV pole 1
Knife 2
Laryngoscope 1
Monitor (type unknown) 1
Nail clippers 1
Oxygen tank 2*
Ring (jewelry) 1
Sandbag 2
Scissors 2
Step stool 2
Stretcher 1
Telemetry transceiver 1
Ventilator 1*
Wheelchair 2
Wooden chair with metal strip in seat cushion 1
* One oxygen tank and one ventilator were recorded on the same report submitted to the Authority.
Table 2. Nonprojectile Ferromagnetic Items in MRI Scanner Rooms Reported to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, June 2004 through December 2008
Ferromagnetic Items Quantity of Items
Cardiac monitor 3
Cardiac monitor/recorder (long-term) 1
Cell phone 1
Face mask with metal nose strip 1
Hairpin 5
Infusion pump 2
Insulin pump 2
Telemetry transceiver 1
Total 16
Table 3. Ferromagnetic Items That Were Almost Brought into MRI Scanner Rooms Reported to the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Authority, June 2004 through December 2008
Stretcher 2*
* One oxygen tank and one stretcher were recorded on the same report submitted to the Authority.
For illustration, the following are examples of the narratives of Serious Events and Incidents involving projectiles reported to the Authority.
After completion of the MRI study, the technician proceeded to place the patient's wheelchair at the door threshold of the MRI room. When she leaned over the wheelchair to lock the wheels, the wheelchair was attracted to the MRI and rolled into the equipment. There was no injury to the patient or staff. The MRI equipment suffered slight damage to the cover.
A patient was brought to the MRI room. [The patient's] IV [intravenous line] became kinked. A technician entered the room to fix the IV tubing. The technician forgot to take scissors out of pocket. The scissors became attached to the machine. There was no apparent injury.
A post cardiac catheterization patient with a sandbag placed on right groin went to radiology for MRI. Patient was placed on the table. When the technician began advancing the table, the magnet pulled the sandbag from the patient's groin onto the outer housing of the MRI unit.*
The critical care patient was taken to MRI with a nurse and respiratory technician. . . . The patient was hooked up to the MRI monitoring system and the respiratory technician acknowledged to the two MRI technicians that the oxygen tank could not go into the MRI room. The respiratory technician asked for the MRI-compatible ventilator stand for the ventilator (the patient was bagged at the time). The respiratory technician took the ventilator that had two oxygen tanks into the MRI room. [The technician] realized that the oxygen tanks were on the ventilator and went to the leave the room when the magnet took the tanks and the ventilator into the MRI. The patient was outside the MRI while this occurred.
A [brand omitted] [syringe] pump used in the nursery accompanied a patient to MRI. A label on the pump stated that it was MR-compatible and upon initial review it appeared to be safe. The pump was taken into the MRI suite with the patient, and the patient was positioned on the table. The pump was placed at the end of the table. As the table advanced in the bore of the magnet, the pump flew to the front of the magnet, sticking itself to the magnet cover. The baby was not injured and the pump was removed from the magnet cover. The pump was placed at a safe distance and the examination was performed as ordered.
The patient was placed on the MRI table and the [MR] safe monitor was connected to the patient. While positioning the patient, the monitor became attracted to the magnet, grazing the patient's head.
The patient came to the [MRI] department and required anesthesia. The patient was [positioned] in the [MR] scanner when the anesthesiologist decided to use the laryngoscope. [The laryngoscope] was MR compatible without batteries. The handle went into the magnet and was retrieved without trauma to the patient or staff.
The reports above illustrate the dangers of ferromagnetic items making their way into the MRI scanner room. The risk of an object becoming a projectile increases the closer the object gets to the magnet bore. Individuals entering the MRI scanner room must understand that, for the vast majority of MRI systems, the magnet is always on and that the magnetic field is always present even when no scan is being performed. Precautions are necessary when bringing any item into the MRI scanner room.
Additionally, visual inspection alone may be inadequate to distinguish ferromagnetic projectile threats. Many objects that appear to be nonferromagnetic (e.g., wooden furniture) have been brought into MRI scanner rooms only to be discovered to have concealed ferromagnetic components. For this reason, effective screening of items, equipment, or belongings that have not been specifically tested and labeled for use in the MRI scanner room should be conducted. Many objects can be effectively tested with high-strength permanent magnets or, as discussed later in this article, ferromagnetic-only detection systems.
* For more information about sandbags in the magnetic resonance environment, refer to the article "Sandbags May Not Be What You Think" in the September 2006 issue of the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory.
MRI Magnetic Field Strength Relative to Distance from Magnet
The magnetic field extends as a 3-D volume outside the scanner and is known as the fringe field. For convenience, the magnetic field is often mapped using gauss lines, which are lines of equal magnetic field strength; gauss is abbreviated "G." For the translational (attractive) force, the field strength increases, usually very rapidly, approaching the entrance of the magnet bore. The gradient of the gauss lines are roughly analogous to the steepness of a mountain slope. If the grade (gradient) is gentle, the slope is reasonably safe, regardless of how high on the mountain you are. If it is very steep, such as at a cliff, the risk of falling becomes more immediate and dangerous, again regardless of how high you are on the mountain. It should be noted that the MR gradient is higher when the field strength lines are closer together.
The distance of these gauss lines from the magnet bore largely depends on the magnetic shielding used. When shielding is used, the magnetic field drops off very steeply, which means that an object needs only to move a small distance (e.g., about 1 inch) from experiencing no force effect to becoming uncontrollable. Modern systems use active shielding, which helps confine the fringe field close to the magnet's bore. Each MRI system will have a fringe field that is unique to the specific supplier's model of MRI system and the scanner room in which it is located. For illustration purposes only (these dimensions are not associated with specific suppliers of MRI systems), for an unshielded 1 tesla (T) (1 T = 10,000 G) MRI system, the 5 G line might be approximately 15 feet from the magnet bore; the 100 G line, stronger magnetic field, might be approximately 8 feet from the magnet bore; and the 10,000 G, the strongest field for a 1 T magnet, will be at the entrance to the bore. The gauss line distances are available from the specific MR system suppliers. The 5 G line is cited as the boundary at which the magnetic field strength has diminished sufficiently to pose no physical threat to the general public or, more specifically, to individuals with implanted cardiac devices. Ferromagnetic objects placed within the 5 G line could be drawn into the magnet, and many devices may fail to operate properly.1 Some medical devices are designed for use in the MR environment; however, these devices have conditional uses relative to specific MR environments (i.e., medical devices designed for use in one MR environment cannot be used in all MR environments).
Terminology for MRI-Specific Medical Devices
Old Terminology
In 1997, in a draft guidance document,* the Center for Devices and Radiological Health (CDRH) of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) adopted terminology from the American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM) International—MR Safe and MR Compatible—to help characterize the safety of medical devices in the MR environment. The guidance called for devices designed for use in a MR environment to be marked with these terms to distinguish them from devices contraindicated for use in MR environments. The terms in the 1997 guidance document are defined as follows:4
MR Safe: "The device, when used in the MR environment, has been demonstrated to present no additional risk to the patient, but may affect the quality of the diagnostic information."
MR Compatible: The device, when used in the MR environment, is MR Safe and has been demonstrated to neither significantly affect the quality of the diagnostic information nor have its operation affected by the MR device."
The guidance document also states that the use of these terms "without specification of the MR environment to which the device was tested should be avoided since interpretation of these claims may vary and are difficult to substantiate rigorously."4 This statement refers to the fact that any device designed for use in a MR environment has not been tested and validated for use in all MR environments. For example, a device designed and tested for use with MRI systems with magnetic fields up to 1.5 T may be contraindicated for use with systems above 1.5 T (e.g., 3 T MRI systems). Additionally, devices designed for use in MR environments typically have restrictions on the placement distance from the magnet bore. For example, an infusion pump designed for use in a 1 T MRI system may be restricted to no closer to the magnet than the 150 G line. In this example, the pump brought closer to the magnet than the 150 G line could be pulled to the magnet bore, potentially resulting in serious or fatal injuries to individuals near the magnet.
While, in theory, this terminology was developed to help users better understand the MR safety characteristics of medical devices, in practice, it has also created confusion. Distinguishing between the two terms may often be misunderstood if users are not aware that devices have been validated for use under specific MR conditions such as a maximum magnetic field strength. The terms are also often mistakenly used interchangeably, adding to the confusion. Both terms indicate no additional risks to individuals in specific MR environments. However, a device designated as MR Safe may affect the diagnostic information of the scan, while a device designated as MR Compatible will not affect the diagnostic information, which means that not all MR Safe devices are also MR Compatible. Because of this, users may not be sure when it is, or is not, appropriate to use equipment as MR Safe or MR Compatible.6
* "A Primer on Medical Device Interactions with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Systems"4
New Terminology
In 2005, in an effort to reduce or eliminate the confusion with the old terminology, ASTM International introduced a new standard* for marking medical devices for safety in the MR environment. The ASTM standard defines three terms to be used for permanently marking medical devices that may be brought into the MR environment. Unlike the old terminology, the new terminology does not include image quality considerations because, as stated in the standard, image artifact is not considered a safety issue for the purposes of the standard. The three new ASTM terms are MR SAFE, MR CONDITIONAL, and MR UNSAFE. (For the purposes of this article, to distinguish between the old terminology and the new terminology, italicized font represents the old terminology, and the new terminology is capitalized). The new terminology is defined as follows:
MR SAFE:"An item that poses no known hazards in all MR environments."
A note within the definition states "MR SAFE items include nonconducting, nonmagnetic items such as a plastic Petri dish. An item may be determined to be MR SAFE by providing a scientifically based rationale rather than test data." [Emphasis added.]
MR CONDITIONAL:"An item that has been demonstrated to pose no known hazards in a specified MR environment with specified conditions for use. Field conditions that define the specified MR environment include field strength, spatial gradient, dB/dt (time rate of change of the magnetic field), radio-frequency (RF) field, and specific absorption rate (SAR). Additional conditions, including specific configurations of the item, may be required."
MR UNSAFE: "An item that is known to pose hazards in all MR environments."
A note within the definition states that "MR UNSAFE items include magnetic items such as a pair of ferromagnetic scissors." [Emphasis added.]
Although the term "safe" is used in both nomenclature systems, the main difference between the old MR Safe term and the new MR SAFE term is that devices labeled safe under the old terminology are understood to be safe under specific MR conditions (e.g., magnetic field strength), whereas devices labeled safe under the new terminology are understood to be safe for all MR conditions without exception. The new MR SAFE term has no limitations or restrictions, unlike the old MR Safe term. Therefore, the new term should reduce confusion regarding devices brought into the MRI scanner room. The icon representing MR SAFE consists of two versions of the letters "MR" surrounded by a green square as shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1. ASTM Recommended Icon Associated with the MR SAFE ASTM Term
The new MR CONDITIONAL term should also reduce confusion regarding devices brought into the MRI scanner room, since the word "conditional" will specifically alert clinicians that the device has limitations or restrictions when brought into the MRI scanner room. The icon for MR CONDITIONAL consists of the letters "MR" within a yellow equilateral triangle with a black band around the edge of the symbol, as shown in Figure 2. The new MR UNSAFE term should greatly reduce, if not eliminate, projectile risks due to the explicitness of the term (i.e., if a device is marked MR UNSAFE, it does not belong in the MRI scanner room). The MR UNSAFE icon consists of the letters "MR" surrounded by a red circle with a diagonal red line across the diameter of the circle over top of the letters, as shown in Figure 3.
Figure 2. ASTM Recommended Icon Associated with the MR CONDITIONAL ASTM Term
Reprinted with permission from ASTM F2503-08 Standard Practice for marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment, ASTM International.
Figure 3. ASTM Recommended Icon Associated with the MR UNSAFE ASTM Term
The new MR safety marking standard will only be effective if it is well understood and properly implemented by device manufacturers and MR departments. Confusion may still exist, and there still may be an adjustment period as manufacturers and users migrate from the old nomenclature to the new nomenclature. Users may still see a mix of devices with the old MR safety markings and the new safety markings. During this period, users must know how to interpret the various device markings and how to ascertain which devices can and cannot be used in a particular MR environment.6 One way for facilities to reduce confusion between the old and new terminologies is to consult with equipment suppliers to obtain the information needed to relabel equipment with the new markings as soon as possible.
* "Standard Practice for Marking Medical Devices and Other Items for Safety in the Magnetic Resonance Environment"5
MR Safety Screening for Potential Projectiles
The March 2009 Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory article on MR safety screening processes focused on clinical screening of patients for exposure to metal that could compromise the safety of the patient or the quality of the image diagnostic information of the scan. However, MR safety screening also encompasses screening for ferromagnetic objects, external to the patient, which if allowed into the MRI scanner room, could potentially become dangerous projectiles. In addition to MR personnel checking to ensure that ferromagnetic objects do not make their way into the MRI scanner room, any facility personnel with access to the scanner room must be aware of which objects are permitted and restricted from entering the scanner room. This includes knowing and understanding the ASTM MR safety device markings and, as applicable, the safety conditions of each piece of equipment.
The Use of Ferromagnetic Detection Systems
A method that may help in screening for ferromagnetic objects that are external to the patient is the use of ferromagnetic-only detectors. The March 2009 Advisory article discussed the use of ferromagnetic-only detectors as an adjunct to the MR safety screening process that may significantly reduce the likelihood of objects becoming projectiles in the MR environment. Ferromagnetic-only detectors are designed to distinguish between ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic materials. The detectors warn MR personnel of the presence of ferromagnetic items external to the body (the detectors are not currently approved for use in detecting ferromagnetic implants) before the item is brought into the MRI scanner room. The use of these detectors may significantly reduce the likelihood of objects becoming projectiles in the MR environment. A University of Pittsburgh Medical Center study demonstrated that ferromagnetic detectors were successful in detecting ferromagnetic items, even items as small as a safety pin, on patients before MRI scans.6 The University of Pittsburgh study also found that 44% of patients who indicated that they had complied with the MR screening instructions to remove all loose metallic objects before the MRI scan set off the ferromagnetic detector. This may suggest that patient compliance with MR screening instructions for metallic objects may not be comprehensive. Ferromagnetic-only detectors may not only be prudent for detecting larger ferromagnetic objects before entering the MRI scanner room, but may also prove useful as an adjunct practice in the MR patient screening process.
The use of ferromagnetic-only detectors has been recommended by the American College of Radiology (ACR) in its 2007 "ACR Guidance Document for Safe MR Practices" and the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in its 2008 "VA Magnetic Resonance Imaging Design Guide." Use of ferromagnetic-only detectors has been cited as an approved means of screening verification in the Joint Commission's Sentinel Event Alert Issue No. 38 "Preventing Accidents and Injuries in the MRI Suite."7-9
Medical Device Malfunction in the MR Environment
In addition to the projectile effect, another safety concern is malfunction of medical devices in the MR environment. The proper operation of medical devices can be affected by the static, RF, and gradient magnetic fields of MRI systems. (For a discussion of the static, RF, and gradient magnetic fields, see the sidebar "Basic Operating Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging.")
The static magnetic field can affect devices that incorporate components such as analog gauges or electric motors, which contain magnets and coils (e.g., ventilators, infusion pumps), or electronic components such as transformer or relays. The effects can cause devices to malfunction or completely stop operating, potentially resulting in serious patient harm. ECRI Institute cites one example of a patient-controlled analgesic infusion pump that malfunctioned in the presence of a static magnetic field.1 The field caused the pump's motor to reverse direction without indication to the user. Because of the reversed motor action, the pump could have drawn blood from the patient into the IV line. However, the IV tubing incorporated a one-way valve that prevented backflow of blood.1
Devices that rely on magnetization to attach to a patient (e.g., otologic implants) can become demagnetized in the static magnetic field of the scanner.1 Implanted devices that are magnetically, electrically, or mechanically activated, which may be affected by the static magnetic field, are typically contraindicated for MRI scans. Other devices, such as those that measure physiologic electric signals (e.g., electrocardiogram [ECG] monitors) may be affected by high field strength MRI systems (greater than or equal to 1 T).1 For example, high field strengths can distort the ECG of patients within the field.1 The distortion may appear as an increase in the amplitude of the T wave or ST segment of the signal, causing clinicians to believe the patient's physiologic condition changed.1
The RF magnetic field can affect devices, such as physiologic monitors, that incorporate lead wires (e.g., ECG monitors, pulse oximeters). The lead wires act as antennas in the presence of the RF energy. The RF energy of the MRI system can be electrically coupled to the lead wires if they are in close proximity to the MRI scanner. The coupling can result in temporary loss of the measured parameter or damage to the devices.1 The gradient magnetic field can mimic physiologic signals (e.g., ECG signals), and interfere with the ECG signal, which could cause misinterpretation of the ECG signal.1 However, through design of physiologic monitors, this interference can be eliminated using filtering and digital signal-processing techniques.1
The Price of Projectiles
Even in the absence of patient harm, the financial consequences of interrupted patient throughput or equipment damage, including emergency shutdown of the MRI scanner, resulting from ferromagnetic projectiles can be significant. The VA National Center for Patient Safety recently published information on the average cost of a ferromagnetic projectile event in a VA facility to be $43,172 (excluding lost revenue and legal expenses).10 The VA also indicated that the cost of an emergency shutdown of the MRI scanner, known as "quenching the magnet," can range from $20,000 to $500,000.10
Ferromagnetic objects in the MRI scanner room can pose a serious, even catastrophic, projectile risk to individuals in the room. Additionally, the magnetic field can affect the operation of devices brought into the field. A good understanding of equipment and objects that can and cannot be brought safely into the MR environment will help reduce or eliminate the likelihood of projectiles or device malfunctions, thereby reducing the potential for serious harm to individuals within the MR environment.
As part of a risk reduction strategies to reduce or eliminate the possibility that objects will become projectiles or that medical devices will malfunction, consider the following:
Identify the four MR safety boundaries as defined by ACR in its "ACR Guidance Document for Safe MR Practices." Mark the boundaries with appropriate signage. Zone 4, the area containing the MRI scanner that is associated with the strongest magnetic field, should be clearly marked. Access should be restricted to this area without supervision by appropriate MR personnel.1 (For more information on the MR safety boundaries, see the article "Safety in the MR Environment: MR Safety Screening Practices" in the March 2009 issue of the Advisory.)
Provide training on MR safety considerations to all MR staff and other personnel who may need access to the MRI scanner room. Include education on the new MR device terminology, the old MR device terminology, and the difference between the two nomenclatures.1
Prohibit equipment and devices within Zone 4 without first verifying that (1) they have been tested by the device manufacturer or properly trained expert and (2) they have been labeled according to the ASTM device terminology—MR SAFE or MR CONDITIONAL—for the specific MR environment.1
Maintain a list of MR SAFE, MR CONDITIONAL (including conditions for safe use), and MR UNSAFE equipment in every MR department or facility. When possible, identify the safety conditions directly on an object or device. If MRI systems are upgraded or newly purchased, the MR safety officer determines whether the equipment is still MR SAFE, MR CONDITIONAL, or MR UNSAFE with the upgraded or new system.1
Do not alter MR SAFE or MR CONDITIONAL equipment. Altering equipment may negate the MR safety characteristics of the equipment.1
Care should be taken when equipment containing ferromagnetic components is brought into the MR environment. For example, devices may be validated for use in some areas of the MR environment (e.g., field strengths not exceeding 150 G), but not other areas.1
All equipment brought into the MR environment should be properly labeled (e.g., MR SAFE, MR CONDITIONAL) and should be physically secured at a safe distance (defined by the equipment supplier) from the MRI system using nonmagnetic means (e.g., nonmagnetic bolts), as appropriate. The method of restraint should be adequately tested before implementation, and care should be taken to protect the integrity of the RF shielding for any attempt at providing anchorage within the MRI scanner room.
Consider the use of ferromagnetic-only detection systems as an adjunct to your facility's MR safety practices (based on the findings of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center study,1 and recommendations from ACR7, VA8, and the Joint Commission9).
ECRI Institute. The safe use of equipment in the magnetic resonance environment [guidance article]. Health Devices 2001 Dec;30(12):421-44.
Chen DW. Boy, 6, dies of skull injury during MRI. NY Times [online]. 2001 Jul 31 [cited 2009 Mar 23]. Available from Internet: http://www.nytimes.com/2001/07/31/nyregion/boy-6-dies-of-skull-injury-during-mri.html?n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/C/Children's%20Health.
Beitia A, Meyers S, Kanal E, et al. Case report: spontaneous discharge of a firearm in an MR imaging environment. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002 May;178(5):1092-4.
Center for Devices and Radiologic Health (CDRH) Magnetic Resonance Working Group. A primer on medical device interactions with magnetic resonance imaging systems [draft online]. 1997 Feb [cited 2009 Mar 23]. Available from Internet: http://www.fda.gov/cdrh/ode/primerf6.html.
American Society of Testing and Materials (ASTM). Standard practice for marking medical devices and other items for safety in the magnetic resonance environment. ASTM F2503-05. 2005 Aug:1486-92.
ECRI Institute. What's new in MR safety; the latest on the safe use of equipment in the magnetic resonance environment [guidance article]. Health Devices 2005 Oct;34(10):333-49.
Kanal E, Barkovich A, Bell C, et al. ACR guidance document for safe MR practices: 2007. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2007 Jun;188(6):1447-74.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). VA MRI design guide [online]. 2008 Apr [cited 2009 May 20]. Available from Internet: http://www.cfm.va.gov/til/dGuide/dgmri02.pdf.
Joint Commission. Preventing accidents and injuries in the MRI suite. Sentinel Event Alert Issue No. 38 [online]. 2008 Feb 14 [cited 2009 May 20]. Available from Internet: http://www.jointcommission.org/SentinelEvents/SentinelEventAlert/sea_38.htm.
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) National Center for Patient Safety. MR hazard summary [online]. 2008 Sept 29 [cited 2009 May 21]. Available from Internet: http://www.va.gov/ncps/SafetyTopics/mrihazardsummary.html.
Basic Operating Principles of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) creates cross-sectional images of anatomic structures placed in the magnet bore using (nonionizing radiation) electromagnetic fields. The static magnetic field of the MRI scanner causes the protons in the body tissue to align in the direction of the static magnetic field. Electromagnetic pulses from a radio-frequency (RF) transmitter create an RF magnetic field that alters the static magnetic field. When this occurs, the direction of the magnetized protons in the static magnetic field changes alignment with that static field. When the pulses stop, the magnetized protons revert to their original position. While reverting to their original position, the protons emit RF energy that is detected by RF receivers of the MRI system. Computer analysis then converts the signals into images of the scanned anatomy. The gradient magnetic field is produced by coils inside the MRI system. The coils are rapidly pulsed on and off during the time the RF magnetic field is pulsed. The gradient magnetic field determines the location of the scanned anatomic section, the thickness, and the field of view of the section.
Source: ECRI Institute. The safe use of equipment in the magnetic resonance environment [guidance article]. Health Devices 2001 Dec;30(12):42-44. | {
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Pere II de Mèdici —Piero de Médici —, anomenat també Pere l'Infortunat (Florència, República de Florència, 15 de febrer de 1471 - riu Garigliano, 28 de desembre de 1503) fou membre de la Dinastia Mèdici que va esdevenir senyor de Florència entre 1492 i 1494.
Família
Va néixer el 1471 a la ciutat de Florència sent el segon fill de Llorenç de Mèdici el Magnífic i Clarice Orsini. Fou net per línia paterna de Pere I de Mèdici i Lucrezia Tornabuoni, i per línia materna de Giacomo Orsini i Maddalena Orsini. Fou germà, així mateix, de Lucrècia de Mèdici, Giovanni di Lorenzo de Mèdici (futur papa Lleó X) i Julià de Mèdici.
Es casà el març de 1488 amb Alfonsina Orsini, filla de Roberto Orsini i Caterina Sanseverino. D'aquesta unió nasqueren:
Llorenç II de Mèdici (1492-1519), senyor de Florència i duc d'Urbino.
Clarice de Mèdici (1493-1528), casada el 1508 amb Filippo Strozzi el Jove
Ascens al poder
Fou educat per succeir el seu pare com a senyor de Florència, fet que va ocórrer l'abril de 1492, sota notables figures del moment com Angelo Poliziano. Al cap de poc de prendre el poder Carles VIII de França envaí el nord de la península italiana amb un gran exèrcit amb la intenció de reclamar el tron de Nàpols i donà suport a Lluís Sforza, el qual pretenia prendre el poder del ducat de Milà, en aquells moments sota el comandament del seu nebot Joan Galeàs Sforza. Pere II va intentar mantenir-se neutral davant la presència del rei francès establert a Toscana, però Carles VIII pretenia apoderar-se de la Toscana per assegurar-se així les línies de comunicació. Davant les envestides franceses la resistència florentina es desinflà i, per por al pillatge concedí al rei francès totes les prerrogatives demanades. El poble florentí, influenciat per Girolamo Savonarola, es revoltà contra el seu senyor i els Mèdici hagueren de fugir, restablint-se altre cop l'autèntica República de Florència.
Els anys posteriors els passà allunyats de Florència, voltant per diferents estats italians. El 1503 morí ofegat al riu Garigliano durant la batalla homònima entre les tropes franceses i espanyoles pel domini del Regne de Nàpols.
Referències
Fonts
Enllaços externs
Pere II de Mèdici a Genealogy.euweb.cz
Casa de Mèdici
Senyors de Florència
Monarques destronats
Morts al Laci
Morts per ofegament
Polítics florentins | {
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The DP63800 series has been discontinued. Please see the Platinum Series as a possible alternative or contact our sales department.
The DP63800 Series panel meters offer many features and performance capabilities to suit a wide range of industrial applications. Models include universal DC process inputs. The optional plug-in output cards allow the opportunity to configure the meter for present applications while providing easy upgrades for future needs. The meters have a bright 14 mm (0.56") LED display. The unit is available with a red, sunlight-readable or a standard green LED. The intensity of display can be adjusted from dark-room- to sunlight-readable, making it ideal for viewing in variable light applications.
The meters have 4 setpoint outputs, implemented on plug-in option cards. The plug-in cards provide dual form "C" relays (5 A), quad form "A" (3 A), or either quadsinking or quad-sourcing open collector logic outputs. The setpoint alarms can be configured to suit a variety of control and alarm requirements. Communication and bus capabilities are also available as option cards. These include RS232, RS485, and MODBUS. | {
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Jonathan Rose Companies
Mission & Principles
Communities of Opportunity
Owner's Rep
Rose Companies Stands With Anti-Racism Movement
Communities of Opportunity—Manchester, Connecticut
Squire Village
The Rose Affordable Housing Preservation Fund acquired Squire Village, a 379-unit affordable housing development located in Manchester, Connecticut in April, 2016. A major property improvement program was implemented, including the renovation of units to green specifications, improved landscaping, the installation of 200 KW of solar panels offsetting electric usage, roof and gutter replacements, improved security measures, including an onsite police substation, and replacement of paving and sidewalks. The capital budget also enabled the building of a new 7,000 square foot community center and management office that incorporates a wide range of programs, including health and wellness screenings, exercise classes, and tutoring and literacy programs, staffed by a full-time resident services coordinator.
Our new community space provides the perfect location for our residents to convene and is the beating heart of our Communities of Opportunity programming. Our staff work closely with resident volunteers and community organizations to deliver a wide range of health and educational activities for the community.
The Squire Village community center is a safe haven for our residents and their children, providing an array of after school programs. The parents now have a centralized place to safely place their children, and each day the children are provided with skill building classes, homework help, and healthy snacks. Programs are designed to engage each age group in productive, educational and healthy activities.
Many families struggle with food insecurity and find it difficult to provide nutritious food throughout the month. This increases in the school recess summer months when free school lunches, that many families at Squire Village rely on, are absent. Additionally, over fifty percent of the residents at Squire Village rely on public transportation to buy groceries. To respond to this, Squire Village organized the delivery of fresh, affordable food, delivered through multiple sources. Free nutritious groceries and fresh produce are delivered twice a month by the Food Bank of Manchester. Free lunches are provided to K-age 18 during the on-site summer camp programming. Community partners, such as the Salvation Army, also provide healthy snacks when they are conducting programs on-site. And a partnership with UCONN provides nutrition classes helping parents learn how to prepare healthy, nutritious food.
Squire Village's Health and Wellness programming includes a wide variety of programs that target different aspects of wellness, partnering with First Choice Health Centers and the Eastern Connecticut Health Network (ECHN), amongst others. First Choice Health is providing both mobile dental and podiatric services on a quarterly basis. ECHN continues to provide medical residents every Friday to offer general health information and/or non-invasive screenings.
We also offer programs to increase resident health literacy, nutrition, provision of on-site flu shots, resident-led exercise and walking groups, dance classes, health screenings, and stress reduction. The community center full service gym has over 100 members registered.
The renovation of Squire Village included a police sub-station on campus which has contributed greatly to the overall feeling of safety. This provides the residents of the campus with a sense of security, and responsiveness from the Manchester police force. Through on-going programming, the police and the community are developing a more trusting and productive relationship.
Police are becoming partners with families, particularly with the teens. They conduct regular "Coffee with the Cops", ice cream social events, and seasonal sports activities with the children. The police are working closely with property management and counseling staff, and have stated that crime has declined on the property.
View other Communities of Opportunity projects
A 379 unit affordable housing preservation project in Manchester, CT, which underwent a complete renovation, greening and the construction of a new 7,000-square foot community center to serve Its 1,000 residents with over 30 programs.
Our Regional Offices
Westchester/ Hudson River Valley
Developing Communities of Opportunity
Safe, Green, Affordable Housing
To keep up with our progress and our projects, please enter your email address, and we'll add you to our mailing list.
© 2021 Jonanthan Rose Companies LLC Privacy Policy | {
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I have been an on and off subscriber of the Kira Kira crate for a while now and I encourage you to find a different Japanese beauty subscription box. The items were full sized and okay their customer service is just a series of copy paste answers. If you ever have an issue you will receive better response from a brickwall.
I loved the contents of my doki doki crates and I wouldve loved to stay subscribed BUT i recieved my first 2 crates on time and then it took over 2 MONTHS for my next two! I recieved my January crate on time right after I unsubscribed but I still have not recieved my December crate! When I complained they said theyd send a replacement and within 2 days both missing crates had arrived but I doubt it was the one they sent as a replacement. Im really disappointed by the inconsistent arrival times and how I recieve crates from months before before later months (like getting january before december). The contents are not worth the trouble.
Hi! We sincerely apologize for the experience. To clarify, the reason for the inconsistent delivery time between crates has to do with factors which we have no control over (customs, weather, and the postal service). Regretfully, we have no influence over how quickly a crate is processed through customs and delivered by your local postal service.
I can honestly say the crates were what I expected, but I always order a crate for my wife's birthday in October. Due to a tsunami, it was pushed back until the end of November (understandable but unfortunate) so my wife didn't receive her present until late November. It was a bit damaged after the long transit and some of the items were broken. The next week I received November's crate and the week after December's crate. While I thought I the subscription was a 3 month gift subscription, apparently the cancellation didn't go through and was charged an extra $70+. I contacted customer service the morning I was charged and they basically said "too bad" and were not helpful.
I used to have JapanCrate when they first started out their company and they were great they gave me a tracking number and everything and my package came in the same month! But I stopped for a while and was very eager to start doing JapanCrate again but was very disappointed in the quality of work they're doing now. I ordered a box a month ago and it still hasnt come and I have to wait till the end of this month just for it to come. There's also no tracking number to tell me where my package is and when it'll be here. They take much more time to do more of the shipping and other things but when they first started they were never like this. They need to do a better job and bring back the package tracking.
Hi! To clarify, we have chosen to ship our crates without tracking so that we can invest more in the crates (better items). Still, we fully expect our crates to arrive. Did you eventually receive your crate? If not, then please contact our support team so that we may investigate further ([email protected]).
I contacted Japan Crate about a missing item in my December Crate and asked for a replacement. They told me it was in transit with the rest of my crate! They offered zero help in replacing the item or refunding me. Do yourself a favor and choose a different crate.
Hi! We sincerely apologize for the experience. Did you ever receive the replacement? If not, then please contact our support team so that we may investigate further ([email protected]).
I started my superscription in December my kids and I really enjoyed it at first and looked forward to receiving it. But the variety is not there and my kids were even commenting on how we keep getting some of the same stuff. Then we never got our April crate, which we were looking forward to getting, because of the things they said we could expect, but it never came. I got my May crate, but never Aprils. I have contacted support many times and they responded the beginning of May saying to be patient that some crates were lost in shipping and they were working on it. Then when my May crate showed up I contacted support and asked what was up. They never responded. So, I contacted them again and with no response, they finally responded back when I sent my last response in all caps demanding either my money back or my April crate, they responded with we already responded to you and nothing more. I have canceled my subscription and still am waiting on either my crate or my money back and an explanation or some kind of helpful response.
Hey Lori, We're incredibly sorry that your April Crate never reached you. It seems you were put on our reshipment list so a replacement crate should arrive to you soon. Also I've checked our ticketing system and it seems that we've responded to every email that you've sent us. I'm sorry those responses did not get to you, they may have ended up in your spam folder. Please contact us again if there are issues with receiving your replacement crate and we will assist you promptly.
I had ordered this before through Japan Crate themselves and I seem to remember that they gave a tracking number. I understand that customs can hold things up so I'm not that grumpy about it. But the fact that without a tracking number, we don't know what's going on without contacting the company. Can only hope that the company takes things into consideration.
Hey Alix, We no longer include tracking onto our shipments due to the price increase it would have on our crates. We are currently pilot testing a paid tracking option for $5 with the first month being free. If you are interested please let me know.
Got the Japan Crate 3 month premium subscription ($30/month) for my daughter for Christmas. She got the first crate and said she didn't want so much candy and would much prefer the Kira Kira box ($29/month). Customer Service said no switching -- that only after we are done with the 3 month Japan Crate subscription they will subscribe us to Kira Kira. This was so not helpful!
Hi! We sincerely apologize for the experience. To clarify, when you subscribe to of our prepaid plans, you are purchasing a specific crate at a bulk price. While it is unfortunate to hear of your experience with the first crate, because you committed to multiple crates, you would still be shipped the remaining crates.
We have received two boxes and still waiting for January's. The first one came right away. Second one they said was delayed by weather. Understandable but in my corospondence with them they had said they would send a shipping number for tracking and never did, along with a canned response of 3-4 days, we did receive it about the 26th of Dec, long delay. Fine, attribute to weather and holiday shipping. Received email for Jan shipment with tracking number this time. I was supposed to receive it by the 11th from the tracking data and nothing. I emailed them through the web site contact, which I don't like, there should be a better way that attaches my account information. Then noodles Umai is ok, we thought it would be fun to have a variety, but the noodles are so so. Feb. will be our last order, as we have been charged for it. I guess you can say we are canceling it as I hate to chase after our order in regards to the shipping thing and the noodles are nothing to write about. | {
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The news in Ferguson, Mo., goes on and on and on.
I've highlighted coverage of the religion angle here and here, and I'll do so again in this post.
So far, I've found Twitter the best means to keep up with all the faith stories (by the way, follow all the GetReligionistas).
ST. LOUIS COUNTY, Mo. — They came in numbers that surprised even the minister, arriving in a muggy drizzle to a church parking lot so full that some had to park in front of the empty home of the man they came to pray for: embattled white police officer Darren Wilson.
They said they had empathy for the family of the teenager the officer killed. But they also said they feared that they might be attacked by rioters at their church, because Southminster Presbyterian sits right behind the suburban home of Wilson, the patrolman identified in the Aug. 9 shooting of Michael Brown, a black teenager who was unarmed.
The Rev. Kurt J. Calkins wanted to be a part of that conversation. He wanted to help people feel safe. He had even readied the church's gym and multi-purpose room — the Christian Life Center — in case evacuations were needed.
Nearly 20 miles north in Ferguson, the site of the shooting and ensuing civil unrest, the congregation at Greater St. Mark Family Church didn't speak of fear, but of mourning and their prayers for Brown's family.
"I feel for the family," said Linell Green, 44, a business analyst who lives in Bellefontaine. "It's a shame they've not been able to funeralize their son. The family hasn't had access to the body because of different autopsies." The church had been the first to open its doors to the family.
Sunday in St. Louis can be a stark example of one of the oldest truths of faith and divided communities — that it is possible to send up the same prayers while seeking different answers.
It's an interesting story and definitely worth a read. The reporters seem to step back and let those interviewed express their perspectives in their own words. If there's a weakness, it's that space is tight and deadlines are quick for a daily newspaper story, so much of the discussion — particularly about race relations — comes across as pretty surface level.
If you see other religion coverage that we should note or notice holy ghosts that we should bust, by all means, leave a comment or tweet us at @getreligion.
Older PostWhy is the Song of Solomon in the Bible, anyway? | {
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WATCH: Duke Dumont ditches set after fans spit and throw drinks at him
Some shameless disrespect during was shown at Duke Dumont's performance from Edmonton's Union Hall last night where he was spat on and thrown drinks at by intoxicated attendees in the upper balcony.
The actions were enough to make Dumont stop the music entirely and leave the stage. You can check it above around the 50-second mark.
Before leaving the stage he took the mic to express his frustration: "I don't get paid enough to get spat on."
He continued by saying "If you're brave enough, come the f*ck down to the stage. If you're mad enough to spit, you're mad enough to come right up here.
The disrespect shown here has no place in the dance music world, even more so for such an accomplished producer and DJ.
Congratulations for not only ruining Duke Dumont's night, and also everyone else's who were there to see a stellar set. | {
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Fraudulent activities are one of the pressing concerns in the healthcare system due to the financial costs of such activities. However, our understanding of these fraudulent activities is very limited; currently available estimates for healthcare fraud are within the range of 3-15%, implying a substantial amount of total economic loss. The range of available estimates also implies a high degree of uncertainty as to the extent of healthcare fraud and limited evidence for the effectiveness of available methodologies to detect healthcare fraud and estimate the rate of fraud. This concern has become more significant with the many changes occurring in the marketplace under healthcare reform given the amount of healthcare spending that is financed by public programs or government-subsidized health insurance.
In this paper, we propose a predictive modeling approach to develop methodologies for healthcare fraud management. Our methodologies are based on the following economic framework: fraud is a rational response by certain providers to misrepresent their effort on behalf of patients in order to reap monetary incentives when the probability of detection is low. Given this framework, we describe how methodologies can be used in combination with previously identified fraud predictors. We then use the Medicare 5% sample file in order to show how these methodologies can be applied with identified fraud predictors and discuss the design of empirical analysis using healthcare claims data. We also explore the implications of our study for healthcare practitioners and public policy makers in terms of reducing fraud in public programs. We conclude by commenting on the validation of fraud detection methodologies given the fact that fraud is rarely, if ever, observed and reported in a standardized manner. | {
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The Studio A Professional Pathways Award is granted to a member of the Studio ARTES Visual Arts Program who demonstrates the drive and talent to engage with the contemporary art world. The recipient will receive a Studio A-style professional development opportunity over a period of 12 months. The project design is bespoke to each awardee but may include may include individual mentorship along with access to particular materials and/or working space. The award always includes a public showcase of the developed work.
Matthew Elliott is an abstract painter with a fascination for dream states. He is inspired by the work of David Collins and Elizabeth Cummings who he says have "greatly influenced my art style towards abstraction".
Matthew's most recent body of work explores ideas and forms informed by his dreams. He uses watercolour paints and crystal pigments to create flowing paintings that explore different states of consciousness. Viewing his work one feels underwater or immersed in fog. These beautiful and often bright abstractions tease the viewer. One moment Matthew's images seem to reach out and grab you, the next they gently pull away from focus. His work exists in a liminal state between clarity and obscurity.
With support from the Studio A Professional Pathways award, Matthew is working under the mentorship of internationally acclaimed painter, Jo Bertini. Matthew is preparing for an exhibition of new work in 2019.
Arunan Dharmalingam is fascinated with agriculture. Farm animals, plants and fruits are reoccurring subjects in his drawing, painting and print-making practice. Using a touch screen to communicate, Arunan will tell you he is "excited" and "happy" to draw these things.
Arunan works out of the Visual Arts Program at Studio A's parent company, Studio ARTES. Here, Arunan receives specialised support and assistance in the creation of his work. Arunan works closely with Studio ARTES' Visual Arts Manager, Jessica Hodgkinson to create his large-scale print editions.
Arunan is a prolific drawer. He repeatedly draws the same, near identical forms time and time again. On a larger scale, the simplicity of Arunan's hand-drawn lines and bold colour patterns appear to jump right off the paper. | {
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Implications of TRAI's draft regulations legitimising carriage fee
The stakeholders raise concerns over infrastructure issues, carriage fee, entertainment tax and MRP
Raushni Bhagia | Mumbai | October 19, 2016
Distribution platform owners and broadcasters have raised serious concerns over the recent "draft interconnection regulations for TV broadcasting services provided through addressable systems" released by the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
The authority has suggested that the carriage fee be capped at 20 paisa per channel per month per subscriber, which will go on decreasing with an increase in subscriber base till it reaches 20 per cent of the total subscriber base of the distribution platform, after which the carriage fee will not be levied on the broadcaster.
There are many other issues addressed by the regulatory body, including distribution charges, packaging of the channels and an indication on pricing and discounts. It has also raised serious concerns like revenue sharing between MSOs and LCOs and infrastructure sharing.
BestMediaInfo.com spoke to a few distribution platform owners and broadcasters to understand the implications of this regulation.
Pankaj Krishna
Explaining the direct impact of draft on carriage fee, Pankaj Krishna, Founder Director, Chrome Data Analytics and media, said, "Over the years, the carriage fee has seen a steady decline. As the Chrome Distribution Investment Index (a Chrome DM proprietary tool) shows, the carriage fee in 2011 was placed at INR 1.23 per channel per subscriber as opposed to INR 0.49 in 2016. According to the new TRAI proposal, the carriage fee for DTH platforms remains unaffected; this is largely in line with the push towards digitization. At Rs. 2.40 per channel per subscriber (annually), as per the new TRAI proposal, the move legitimizes the carriage fee for a platform like Freedish, which would add up to about Rs. 60 million (approx 25 million subscribers)."
On the other hand, the digital and analog players will be affected more as their carriage fee is considerably higher according to the findings below from DII (distribution investment index) by Chrome Data Analytics. This high carriage was an aberrant trend across digital and analog cable networks.
1.1 Analog (S-Band) + Digital (Basic Pack) - All India (Amount in Paisa for Existing Deals)
DII R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6
Cost Per Subscriber (Amount in Paisa per month) 1.23 1.69 0.97 0.60 0.65 0.49
1.2 Analog (S-Band) + Digital (Basic Pack) - All India (Amount In Crore for Existing Deals)
Amount in Crore (per annum) 58.60 60.74 36.30 27.74 28.65 27.50
1.3 DTH CPS 2016 (Amount in Paisa per month) All India
"The process of digitization was aimed at bringing in transparency & the freedom for users to choose and pay for the channels they want to watch, but the on-ground realities are not yet reflecting that. By regulating the carriage fee, the process will be a lot more streamlined and organized. This entire TRAI mandate pushes towards the legitimisation of carriage fee," added Krishna.
Tony D'Silva
Tony D'Silva, MD and CEO, IMCL stated how the regulation will make some stakeholders happy and a few others unhappy. However, he appreciated the pain taken by the authorities and indicated the opportunities that the draft regulation has proposed for the industry.
He said, "The proposed regulations give tremendous opportunity to both the broadcaster and platform fraternity to sit together and develop a business that works for everyone. This is time to give and take, rather than going to court, which is not in the long-term interest for anyone."
Gaps in the draft regulation
A broadcaster who didn't wish to be named suggested that it was strange how TRAI had little clarity on a lot of issues in the draft. He explained, "There is no explanation of the way a-la-carte will be implemented by the multi- system operators who are facing major infrastructure problem. In addition, the capping done on the carriage fee is very unclear as it has cut out a single deal for all the genres and all channels."
RC Venkateish
RC Venkateish, former Dish TV CEO and a media veteran in Cable and DTH platforms, has another view. He feels that the regulation will mean removal of carriage fee, ultimately. "The major impact will be the elimination of carriage fee in due course of time. All the channels that pay carriage are the ones that want reach as much as minimum of 70-80 per cent of the distributor to develop a strong advertising model. With this, if the regulation is saying that the carriage will keep coming down till it is zero when the subscriber base reaches 20 per cent, it obviously means absence of carriage eventually. So how good or bad it is depends on which side of the table are you sitting. As for the MSOs, carriage is a major source of revenue."
However, the broadcaster argued that this is the case only with mass channels like Hindi general entertainment and movie channels. Yes, it is true that it is only the GECs and movie genre largely that have a wide reach. Adding some other genres would be kids, news and music channels, but for the other high investment channels like infotainment, sports and lifestyle ones, carriage will be too high a cost, since discount rates are also prescribed to not cross a maximum of 35 per cent.
"It will only put extra burden on the niche genres which are already struggling with issues like underpayment and under measurement in terms of viewership," said another broadcaster. Also, the regulation doesn't talk about the placement fee at all, which is a very grave problem with the MSO and LCO distribution segment.
He also suggested that while the regulation has suggested the compulsion of a-la-carte channels, there is a major infrastructure issue here. "Every LCO and MSO will not have such a robust infrastructure to really cater to the needs of different packaging for each of its customers in the same geographical region. Ultimately, a customer who is getting all relevant channels for say Rs 300-400 will now have to either shell out more or will have to be happy with the basic pack."
The broadcasters chose to not discuss the issue openly as they are planning to send an official communication to TRAI about their concerns.
Another major issue pointed out by D'Silva was how two main issues were not addressed with immediacy. "The first issue that could have been addressed is what happens to the entertainment tax? Will it be subsumed into GST or will it remain? I suggest it should be subsumed. That will be an important part while deciding the pricing model. The second issue is the urgency of infrastructure sharing, which should be implemented immediately to make DAS 3 and 4 successful."
Another MSO player who did not want to be quoted mentioned how the regulation needed more clarity on the 'MRP', which is used in the regulation draft in a vague manner. He said, "We have asked for a meeting and we want clarification on a lot of issues before we can formulate our response and suggestions and send them."
While the industry is pointing out too many problems and loopholes in the draft regulation, it is still premature to understand who will gain and who will lose as TRAI is waiting for the suggestions, responses and comments from all the stakeholders till October 28. The decision will be one of the most awaited ones, at least for the distribution platform owners. | {
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Posted inIran
Iran hardliners on the march to avenge assassination
Nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh's killing shatters chance of a quick and early US-Iran rapprochement under Biden
by Kourosh Ziabari November 29, 2020 December 2, 2020
Servants of the holy shrine of Imam Reza carrying the coffin of Iran's assassinated top nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh during his funeral procession in the northeastern city of Mashhad. Photo: AFP/ Iranian Defense Ministry
RASHT – The November 27 assassination of an elite Iranian nuclear scientist, almost unanimously blamed on Israel's intelligence apparatus, has put the Middle East on high alert and raises the specter of a military confrontation that will scupper any chance of a fast thaw in Iran-US diplomacy when US President-elect Joe Biden is inaugurated.
Mohsen Fakhrizadeh was a brigadier general in Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a lecturer in physics at Imam Hossein University and one of the most senior scientists in Iran's multilayered, sophisticated nuclear enterprise.
Some have referred to him as the Abdul Qadeer Khan of Iran, the "father" of Pakistan's clandestine and ultimately successful atomic program, and compared him to likewise assassinated General Qassem Soleimani for the stature he enjoyed in the Iranian establishment.
Different accounts have been advanced by Iranian media about how he was killed. The common denominator of the narratives is that his vehicle, accompanied by two cars carrying his bodyguards, was stopped on the road by a clique of riflemen shortly after entering the Aabsard district near Tehran around 2:30 pm on Friday, and then gunfire started.
Then a pick-up truck loaded with timber and explosives passed by his car, detonating on the spot, killing his bodyguard Hamed Asghari and wounding Fakhrizadeh. He was taken to a hospital but succumbed to his injuries.
Fakhrizadeh had survived an assassination plot in 2008 when assailants on a motorcycle attached an explosive gadget to his car. He was able to drag himself out of the car shortly before it was blown up in that attack.
A handout photo made available by Iran state TV (IRIB) on November 27, 2020, shows the damaged car of Iranian nuclear scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh after it was attacked near the capital Tehran. Photo: IRIB News Agency/AFP
The Israeli government has so far opted for a muted response, even though there is practically no other candidate to take responsibility for the operation. The Israeli Minister of Settlement Affairs Tzachi Hanegbi said on Saturday he had "no clue" who was behind the killing.
Reactions by Iranian officials have been homogenous in their condemnation of Israel, the promise of harsh revenge against the perpetrators and the avowal of renewed impetus to continue the advancement of the Islamic Republic's nuclear activities.
Media reports suggest Fakhrizadeh was one of the best-protected dignitaries in Iran, especially after Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu referred to his name in an April 2018 presentation about Iran's nuclear activities, cryptically remarking to reporters at the time to "remember his name."
As the deputy of Iran's Ministry of Defense and Armed Forces Logistics, Fakhrizadeh was the former head of Iran's Physics Research Center and placed on the sanctions list of the United States and United Kingdom for his purported role in helping to advance the military dimension of Iran's nuclear initiative.
In 2014, the New York Times even compared him to J Robert Oppenheimer, the American physicist and "father of the atomic bomb."
The UN Security Council Resolution 1747, adopted on March 24, 2007, named Fakhrizadeh as an individual involved in Iran's nuclear and ballistic missiles activities, whom the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) had asked to interview about the activities of the Physics Research Center he had chaired, but Iran refused. The resolution also subjected him to an asset freeze and travel restrictions.
A handout picture shows assassinated Iranian scientist Mohsen Fakhrizadeh (R) during a meeting with the Iranian supreme leader (unseen) in Tehran, January 23, 2019. Photo: AFP Forum
On social media, Iranians have been casting aspersions on Iran's intelligence and security conglomerates for squandering their resources on arresting innocuous journalists, academics and activists as the "pawns" of the West and Israel, abetting what they deem to be an "infiltration" project, while the actual pawns and terrorists effortlessly eliminate one Iran's towering military figures outside of the capital Tehran in broad daylight.
International reactions to the assassination were mostly measured and showed solidarity with Iran in a watershed moment. Others suggested that Israel's extraterritorial lawlessness will draw rebuke, encouraging Iran to calibrate its next move prudently without being provoked.
The European Union's foreign policy chief Josep Borrell condemned the targeted killing and extended condolences to the family of the victims.
"The High Representative expresses his condolences to the family members of the individuals who were killed while wishing a prompt recovery to any other individuals who may have been injured," read a statement by the office of Borrell, who is also the vice president of the European Commission.
"In these uncertain times, it is more important than ever for all parties to remain calm and exercise maximum restraint in order to avoid escalation which cannot be in anyone's interest," the statement added.
John Brennan, the former head of the US Central Intelligence Agency under President Barack Obama, termed the attack that killed the nuclear scientist "a criminal act and highly reckless" that "risks lethal retaliation and a new round of regional conflict." He also advised Iran to practice restraint in a show of wisdom and "resist the urge to respond against perceived culprits."
The United Nations, for its part, condemned the assassination, as they do with "any assassination or extrajudicial killing," while underlining the need for restraint and avoiding "any actions that could lead to an escalation of tensions in the region."
Even Jeremy Ben-Ami, the president of the pro-Israel advocacy organization J Street based in Washington, DC, described the "ongoing provocations of Iran" as manifested in the assassination of the top-tier scientist as "a transparent effort to stoke military confrontation and end to chances of diplomacy."
In Iran, reactions to the high-profile assassination were mixed. Normally, the masses rally around the flag when provoked with foreign threats and coercion, as seen in the aftermath of America's drone attack killing of Soleimani in January this year.
Yet Iranian hardliners opposed to President Hassan Rouhani's moderate administration are leveraging the incident to settle an old score with their political rival.
Iranian President Hassan Rouhani speaks in Tehran on November 28, 2020. Photo: Iranian Presidency / Handout / Anadolu Agency via AFP
In Tehran, protesters gathered in front of the presidential palace and the Supreme National Security Council headquarters chanting slogans deriding Rouhani and his nascent efforts to reach out to the incoming Biden administration to revive the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), known widely as the Iran nuclear deal.
The protesters ridiculed the deal as a bungled treaty that whittled away the country's defense capabilities and called for the expulsion from Iran of IAEA inspectors, who they called "spies."
In the northeastern city of Mashhad, large protests broke out in front of the representative office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, with hardline protesters, mostly members of the Basij militia, holding placards pillorying the ministry's diplomats, pouring scorn on Rouhani's government for its plans to engage in fresh negotiations with the US, and demanding Iran's withdrawal from the JCPOA.
These rearguards are now effectively shifting the blame from Israel to Rouhani for the assassination of the lionized nuclear scientist. They claim Rouhani's administration has been too lenient on the West, cooperated with the IAEA more than was necessary and have buried their collective heads in the sand.
Yet they have willfully forgotten that between 2010 and 2012 four Iranian nuclear scientists were killed in similar terror plots when their preferred leader, the firebrand President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, was in power.
Masoud Alimohammadi, Majid Shahriari, Darioush Rezaeinejad and Mostafa Ahmadi Roshan were the well-trained, celebrated nuclear scientists who were killed in the years President Ahmadinejad defied UN Security Council resolutions on Iran's enrichment activities.
Then, the country's nuclear quest was in full swing and an international consensus had coalesced around squeezing Iran through political isolation and economic pressure to induce it to abandon its nuclear ambitions.
None of the protesters now seen agitating against Rouhani ever took to the streets to raise their voice and challenge the incompetence of the Ahmadinejad administration in protecting the masterminds of Iran's atomic program.
Israel evidently pulled off the dicey mission of removing another nuclear scientist on Iranian soil.
The assassination was timed with less than 50 days left in the Donald Trump administration, with a clear eye on goading Iran into a reckless response that could set the scene for a full-fledged confrontation in the Middle East, most probably drawing the US into the conflict in support of Tel Aviv.
Now, the path to diplomacy for any administration in Tehran, whether the lame duck President Rouhani's, whose time in office won't outlast June 2021, or his successor speculated by many pundits to be a hardliner or IRGC commander, has become bumpier than it was before Fakhrizadeh was eliminated.
Rouhani enjoys the reputation of a moderate, internationally-minded "diplomat sheik" willing to make compromises to pull Iran's economy out of decades-old isolation. Now, Trump and Israel have derailed his chances of success in breaking the vicious circle of Iran-West confrontation and instead emboldened the Iranian hardliners who are ill-disposed toward him.
A group of demonstrators gather to protest against the assassination of Mohsen Fakhrizadeh in front of an entrance of a Foreign Ministry building in southern Tehran, Iran on November 28, 2020. Photo: Fatemeh Bahrami / Anadolu Agency via AFP
Israelis no doubt knew well that the polarizing effect of the assassination would pile domestic pressure on Rouhani by the hardliners inimical to any form of rapprochement between Iran and the US that Tel Aviv would view dimly. Now, it is not only Israel that the hardliners in Tehran are blaming for Fakhrizadeh's killing.
Malek Shariati, a right-wing member of parliament from Tehran known for peddling eccentric conspiracy theories, added to the swirly of recriminations by implying in a tweet, without any corroborating evidence, that the assassination even had President-elect Joe Biden's greenlight.
All of this means peace in the Middle East will remain elusive and the regeneration of the JCPOA under Biden will be a tough sale with vocal detractors in both Tel Aviv to Tehran, not to mention Riyadh, Abu Dhabi and likely holdover hawks in Trump's administration.
Tagged: Archive, Benjamin Netanyahu, Donald Trump, Hassan Rouhani, IAEA, Iran, Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, Israel, JCPOA, Josep Borrell, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, Malek Shariati, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh | {
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1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Two Visits for the Friends / The Friends is organising two visits: Shulbrede Priory; Gospel Green. The Priory is owned by Laura Ponsby, Kate Russell and Ian Russell; it was founded in 1190. At Gospel Green James Lane and Cathy Lane make cheese and champagne cider.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Committee Changes / Ted Toseland, Kathryn Gunns, Stan Snow and Colin Sharman have all retired from the Committee as has Walter Greenway, a co-opted member. Replacements are needed
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Winter television Coverage / TVS made a dramatic film of horses ploughing at our Autumn Activities. In December Noel Edmunds Christmas Show filmed a scene in the Market Square with artificial snow. In February Country Ways Series repeated a film of the Museum.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Friends Raise
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Visits to Normandy / The proposed visit to Normandy is over-subscribed, but Kay Coutin is organising a similar visit.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Events Diary / Principal Events for 1992 include: Traditional Food Fair; Novice Sheepdog Trials; Heavy Horses; Building Conservation Exhibition; Rare Breeds, Penny Royal Theatre; Children's Activity Weekend; Steam Threshing etc.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Findon for Sheep Hurdles / With the help of
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Encouraging Best Ptactice in Timber-Framing Repair / Richard Harris started work in timber frames with F. W. B. Charles and Gunolt Greiner in Worcester and Birmingham. The Museum started with Gunolt Greiner and Roger Champion on Winkhurst. Freddie Charles has written something on this work. A working party, under the aegis of the International Coucncil on Monuments and Sites Wood Committee has been meeting. The Museum has decided to start 3-day courses led by Richard Harris, Peter McCurdy and Roger Champion.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 East Dean Reveals its History / Richard Pailthorpe says that the game larder which the Museum got recently was used by the local rabbit catcher. He also reports the discovery of a pot deliberately buried in the inglenook fireplace of Droke Farmhouse
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 Stockman/Horseman / Peter Albon is our new Stockman/Horseman. He is living in Gonville Cottage.
1992/3 Magazine Vol. 3 No. 8 / March 1992 The View from Here. Never a dull Moment in the Museum Office / Lynn Shaw gives a light-hearted description of the many facets of office life, which are especial to the Museum.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 GIVING THE PARTIES A BOOST / We have been actively marketing visits to special interest groups and hope to increase the number of party visitors this season. To this end, we have sent out a special postcard to approximately 700 local history societies, WI's, Scouts, Brownies, Girl Guides, Probus Clubs etc.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 THE HISTORY RE-ENACTMENT GROUP / On 23 February Richard Harris held a meeting at the Museum of London with the History Re-enactment Group to discuss the feasibility of putting on a re-enactment of medieval life at Bayleaf. This team of people come from a variety of backgrounds and much research will have to be undertaken to discover if there is enough documentation on this period to allow an historically correct presentation of life at this time.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 HANDS ON EXHIBITION / The date for the opening of the special "Hands On" Exhibition will be 28 April. Its title will be "Getting to Grips", and the primary aim will be to give groups of school children an opportunity to handle and experiment with building materials and some of the techniques used in building construction.
* * HELP NEEDED * *
As part of this new exhibition there are some activities which require the use of weights, both for weighing and to test the strength of materials and arches.
Do you have any weights at home that you no longer need? Ideally, we are looking for Imperial weights, or their Metric equivalent, up to seven pounds. The weights will not form part of the Museum's collections but will be added to the every day stock of materials that will be required to supply the activities.
If you think you can help, please contact me, Bob Powell, via the Museum office, or leave a message with the duty Warden.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 REIGATE BUILDING / Work has now started in earnest on the next phase of the Reigate Building. Mick Betsworth has started to build the semi-basement and this will be followed by Roger Champion making a start on the remaining timber repairs. A special training day in pointing and mortars was arranged for the Museum by specialists from English Heritage.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 BATTEN AND LATH SALES / We have been able to supply a Cambridge building firm with 40,000 feet of split oak laths which are to be used in the restoration of Kings College. A number of smaller orders have also been received for chestnut laths and battens. This is extremely encouraging and we hope more orders will materialise during the year.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 TOURIST PROMOTION WORKSHOPS / The Museum has been represented at a number of workshops organised by the South East and Southern Tourist Boards at Portsmouth, Bournemouth and Brighton, as well as the English Tourist Board's highly successful "Excursions", held annually during January at the Wembley Conference Centre. These workshops are targeted specifically at coach and tour operators and special interest groups. Let's hope we shall see an increase in party visits as a result. We have also joined together with the Amberley Chalk Pits Museum in targeting coach operators and offering a special discounted admission if a visit to both museums takes place on the same day.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 NEW STAFF / We are pleased to welcome Peter Albon, the new stockman, with his wife, Debbie, and their three children who have now taken up residence in Gonville Cottage. Peter has come to us from Wimpole House, a National Trust property in Cambridgeshire, and is experienced in dealing with farm livestock and heavy horses. Debbie will also be helping out by doing the cleaning at Bayleaf and other buildings on site.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 FRED WHITBREAD / We are sad to report the death of Fred Whitbread, a volunteer for many years, who will be sadly missed by everyone at the Museum.
1992/2 Bulletin / February 1992 TALK IN YORK / For the last twenty years the Institute of Advanced Architectural Studies at York has held an annual "Seminar" on timber-frame buildings and repair - one of many short courses it provides on aspects of building conservation. I have often lectured to the seminar in previous years but this year took a greater part than usual, as two of the four days were taken entirely by Peter McCurdy and myself.
As well as lectures and discussions we visited the medieval "Barley Hall" building which has been repaired and reinstated in the city's "Coffee Yard" by McCurdy & Co - a complex and ambitious project on a very restricted site. The students on the seminar were the Institute's own MA conservation students, together with various outsiders, including several from English Heritage. | {
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OBIEE+ is the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition, plus a suite of business intelligence tools that enables reporting and analysis for Cornell's business areas. Cornell's OBIEE+ license includes Hyperion (formerly Brio), the reporting tool that the campus community used extensively for the last decade. OBIEE is replacing Brio-Hyperion as the centrally supported business intelligence reporting tool.
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The business owners of the data are responsible for authorizing individuals to use Answers against their data, and training is a prerequisite to that access. Typically, a data access authorizer approves your access to OBIEE Answers training. If you have any questions, please email Cornell's Business Intelligence team.
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OBIEE Answers is a tool used at Cornell to build an ad hoc query and associated views of the data, such as tables, pivots, or charts. Access to the training materials is restricted to members of the Cornell community. | {
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Posted on 9th May 2016 by Campaign for Borders Rail
Extending the Borders Railway to Hawick and Carlisle
The Campaign continues to work towards extending the Borders Railway south to Hawick and Carlisle. The old route passed through Melrose, Newtown St Boswells, Hawick, Newcastleton and Longtown. The final route will subject to a professional study of the options, and may vary from the old route. However, the old route has been given a measure of protection by the planning authorities, and most of the engineering structures and track bed are intact.
During May, Campaign for Borders Rail will be distributing flyers to every postal address in TD1, TD6, TD7 and TD8 (Galashiels, Selkirk, Melrose, Newtown, St Boswells, Jedburgh). Some of those areas are already enjoying the benefits of the Borders Railway for travel towards Edinburgh – but they also stand to benefit from its being extended. A railway south to Hawick and Carlisle is expected to boost population, employment, investment and tourism in the area, and open up direct travel opportunities towards the north-west of England, including Manchester Airport and London. Other benefits of the railway extension are outlined in the flyer. Please click on the link below.
TD1567Flyer-v2-FINAL
Posted on 29th January 2016 by Campaign for Borders Rail
This week Campaign for Borders Rail has sent out a flyer to all addresses in the TD9 postcode area (Hawick and Newcastleton). We are encouraging people to join the Campaign and get involved in making the case for extending the railway from Tweedbank to Hawick and Carlisle. http://www.campaignforbordersrail.org/support.html
Posted on 22nd January 2016 by Campaign for Borders Rail
Bridge problem strengthens case for re-opening cross-Border rail line
BRIDGE PROBLEM STRENGTHENS CASE FOR RE-OPENING CROSS-BORDER RAIL LINK
The closure for several weeks of the West Coast Main Line because of weather-related damage to a bridge carrying the railway over the Clyde at Lamington in South Lanarkshire strengthens the case for re-opening rail access between Edinburgh and Carlisle through Hawick.
That's the view of the Campaign for Borders Rail (CBR) which seeks enhancement and extension of the Borders Railway that opened through Midlothian and part of the Scottish Borders last September.
"A wrong was committed against Scotland and the North of England in 1969 when the Waverley Route was closed between Edinburgh and Carlisle," said Allan McLean, chairman of the CBR.
"Part of the old route was formally reopened by the Queen last year but now we want to see other communities reconnected to Edinburgh and Carlisle by train, including Hawick. The current terminus of the Borders Railway at Tweedbank between Galashiels and Melrose should only be regarded as temporary," he added. "The case for reinstating tracks all the way from Tweedbank to Carlisle is strengthened by the news that closure of the other route between Edinburgh and Carlisle through Lockerbie will go on for longer than expected."
"Alternative services between Carlisle and Glasgow have been provided because the diversionary route via Dumfries and Kilmarnock was kept. By contrast, passengers between North West England and Edinburgh are having to use rail-replacement buses or suffer lengthy detours. If there was still a direct line of rails between the capital of Scotland and the Cumbrian city of Carlisle through the Scottish Borders, much damage to the economy could have been avoided."
McLean said that the CBR supports proposals by politicians and others for extension of the Borders Railway and for detailed studies to be carried out into what should be done. He stressed that reconnecting more Borders communities directly to the rail network would provide an economic boost as well as offering flexibility for diversions when necessary.
Trains on the former Waverley Route ran from Edinburgh to Carlisle, a distance of almost 100 miles, for more than 100 years until closure in January 1969. That line through Galashiels, Melrose, Newtown St Boswells and Hawick offered the shortest rail distance between Edinburgh and Carlisle.
The Borders Railway between Edinburgh and Tweedbank uses a new trackbed out of Edinburgh and into Midlothian but otherwise follows a significant part of the old Waverley Route. In addition to intermediate stations on existing track at Brunstane and Newcraighall, stations were opened on the Borders Railway at Shawfair, Eskbank, Newtongrange, Gorebridge, Stow, Galashiels and Tweedbank.
Note to editors: Allan McLean of the Campaign for Borders Rail can be contacted by phone on
07531 129 892 or by email at [email protected]
Posted in Uncategorised 1 Comment
Posted on 15th September 2015 by Campaign for Borders Rail
CBR warned ScotRail about high levels of demand
In response to claims by ScotRail that the level of interest in travelling on the new railway has been 'remarkable', CBR has pointed out that it warned the rail operator that it would need to pull out all the stops to ensure that travellers new to rail get the best possible experience in the first weeks of the Borders Railway. The opening week of the new railway has been fraught with too many late trains and too much overcrowding on trains restricted to 2 coaches rather than 4 or 6.
For a reminder of what CBR said in its 31st August press release, see: Press release 4 from Campaign for Borders Rail
'Onwards to Hawick and Carlisle' says CBR
In its sixth and final press release in a month-long programme of publicity, CBR has called for a renewed push to extend the line southwards from Tweedbank to Hawick and Carlisle. Reflected in our new slogan – 'building on success' – we expect the popularity of the Borders Railway to boost the case for further rail reinstatement.
For the full release, see: CBR new Press Release 6
Posted on 4th September 2015 by Campaign for Borders Rail
Railway is a 'unique grassroots achievement', says CBR
The opening of the Borders Railway is a unique achievement of grassroots campaigning, says CBR in its latest press release in the lead-up to Sunday's opening. We argue that the Borders Railway stands out from other recent Scottish line re-openings, as its original inspiration and key elements of the final delivered scheme came from the ideas and efforts of campaign groups.
For the full release, see: CBR Press Release 5
Posted on 30th August 2015 by Campaign for Borders Rail
ScotRail must pull out all the stops, says CBR
Train operator ScotRail needs to pull out all the stops to ensure that travellers new to rail get the best possible experience in the first weeks of the Borders Railway, says CBR in its latest press release in the lead-up to the opening of the railway. CBR office-bearers last week met Phil Verster, Managing Director of the ScotRail / Network Rail Alliance, to press the case for extra coaches to be added to trains for several weeks after trains begin running on 6th September, and for additional staff to be deployed on station platforms to help out passengers unfamiliar with rail travel.
For the full release, see: Press release 4 from Campaign for Borders Rail
Posted on 23rd August 2015 by Campaign for Borders Rail
CBR 'saved Government blushes on tourist traffic'
Tourist and leisure passengers – originally dismissed as of marginal importance – may now be a crucial factor in the success of the Borders Railway, says CBR in its latest press release. We argue that without our sustained campaigning to over-turn a downbeat verdict on tourist potential in the original railway feasibility study, the line would not have had enough track and platform capacity at Tweedbank for this crucial market. As a result, campaigners have 'saved Scottish Government blushes' over what would have been 'an embarrassingly sub-optimal offer to the tourist market'.
For the full press release see: Aug 2015 CBR Release 3
'Danger that history gets rewritten' says CBR
The key role played by community campaigners in the return of trains to the Borders should be properly acknowledged by the political establishment, says CBR in its latest press release. We say that 'there is a danger that history gets rewritten so that the current Scottish Government gets all the credit for the Borders Railway, while the absolutely crucial role of unpaid grassroots campaigners over a 17-year period is forgotten'.
See the full release on CBR Press Release 2
CBR's lessons for other campaigners ackowledged
CBR has urged campaigners lobbying for the re-opening of other rail lines in Scotland to learn the lessons of the 17-year Borders campaign culminating in the return of trains on 6th September 2015 – which CBR describes as 'one of the greatest achievements of grassroots rail campaigning in British history'. And acknowledgment of our pioneering work has come from two campaigns in Fife which are hoping to be the next to put new routes on the Scottish railway map.
See: CBR Press Release 1 | {
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New announcement: Core10 acquires Accrue and its digital lending platform
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The Skycat X55-CF launcher has the best weight / performance ratio for 3 - 4 kg aircraft compared to any parachute launcher in the world. The weight of the complete recovery system is only 320 grams, including everything! The X55-CF launcher weighs only 157 grams.
When deployed, the effective surface area of the 2.5 m2 parachute is 1.2 m2, which is almost double compared to its nearest competitor in the same weight class.
If performance matters, then this is your choice!
Opale parachute is rated up to 4kg UAV's by the manufacturer, when opened at free fall speed. You can use it for 4kg+ UAVs to add extra protection since full free fall with high load might not be your use case, but the manufacturer limit is 4 kilos.
Diamètre lanceur (en mm) 55mm / 2.1"
Longueur du lanceur (en cm) 200mm / 7.8"
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Client calls us to removed a nasty sweet-gum and pruned 3 pines. The tree pruning was needed to clear the roof from branches rubbing. Everyone hates a sweet gum. The only tree worse than a pine in a yard is a sweet gum. All work completed in one day. Another happy tree customer in Shreveport.
This very large oak in backyard had to be removed. The tree was very old and was invested with ants and a fungus that was causing it to drop branches damaging property. We had to use a crane due to the severe decay in the large branches. The tree was aroung 5 1/2 feet in diameter. Job was done in two days.
During a severe storm in North Benton, LA, this large oak tree was struck by lightning. It knocked the electrical systems out of the enormous house. Most of the bark was blown from this tree; death was just around the corner. We were able to throw this tree out into the side yard. The tree removal was actually easy. Stump grinding took about twenty minutes. Another happy customer of All Pro Tree Service, LLC. located in North Benton.
This large red oak tree had to be removed because the homeowner was having a pool installed. The tree removal of such a beautiful tree in the Shreveport, LA is was sad to see, but the pool that was installed will bring joy to the grandkids. It took six hours to remove the tree, and about forty-five minutes to complete the stump grinding. The tree was taken out by the side of the house through a five-foot opening. Another happy tree removal customer in Shreveport.
Wow!!!! Big crane removal. Nine trees total. Two trees were removed from the backyard, over the house. We ground out all nine stumps and left the yard in good shape. This job took two days to complete. The homeowner in Shreveport, LA was extremely pleased with our work.
Called for tree removal of sizeable dying oak. As you can see this large diameter tree was inside a small yard and hanging over the house. It took two days to complete but got done safely. It is getting sweltering outside.
The Church needed to take out 4 Bradford Pears in front of their sanctuary to install new flagpoles. This tree removal took about 3 hours to include stump grinding. Another happy customer located in Bossier City.
Get $50 Off! Get $50 Off! | {
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DOUBLE TAP to welcome Latte to the H2K9 Crew! . . Latte is here to address some bratty, stubborn behaviors, and some increasing reactivity on walks! She pretty much just thinks everything is her business (read entitled only child 🤣). . . We can also tell that she is a very good dog at her core, and we look forward to helping this piece of her shine!
Ultra-Brite Carpet Cleaner owner Joe is always hands on at the jobs to make sure your carpet is in best condition!
Hey San Diego! The @sandiegouniontribune's Reader's Best Poll is here! Show Jalisco Cantina some 💚 and nominate us for Best Mexican Restaurant in our bio link.
More treasures have been found, and just in time for Mothers Day! Colors in this jewelry are amazing in the sun!!!
What's so amazing about this photo..... She's rocking extensions and you can't even tell. | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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Q: Voting System Like SO - C#, Asp.net, Webforms There are a lot of questions similar to this but none dealing with webforms and c# that I have found.
I have Linq-to-SQL, a Vote table where I want to record the vote records(Voteup/down/time/ipaddress/user etc)
Is this the way to do it or is there a better way:
Make updown imgs, hide an id of the object being voted on somewhere in there(where?) when you click an img jquery sends you to an ashx page that returns true if it was able to create the vote record and then set the img's to color/greyscale based on the response of the ashx page?
Bonus points for examples or links to examples =D
PS. I see a lot of views on this in a short amount of time. I will post my final code this evening.
A: I would do it the way you're saying, but in the database I'd make more use of the relational database features.
Such as having a users table with a one to many relationship to the questions table. If you want them (users) to be able to ask question too, you need a table with each users questions, that another one-to-many relationship. Then you also need a votes table that has a one-to-many relationship with the questions table and the users table, so you can keep track of which user voted on the question and which question it was.
The main thing is that if you use the relational database system properly, it'll make your life easier keeping track of things in the background, and therefore you'll give the user a better experience.
That's one thing. Then make your vote images clickable, so use onclick event, with JQuery that should be pretty simple.
Use AJAX to do the postback when clicking on the image, so you don't have to do a post on the whole page each time a user votes. That will increase user experience too.
A lot of tutorials out there on AJAX with ASP.NET.
Hope this is of some help!
A: I think you've got the general idea. You can do it with traditional WebForms AJAX, or use jQuery a $.ajax() call to do the whole thing- register the vote, return a result, and modify the image.
Here's a framework for a jQuery approach:
Javascript:
function registerVote(voteType){
$.ajax(function (){
//get the name of the parent DIV
//(using the jQuery selector), which is the ID of the thing you're voting on
//Use Success and Error callbacks to register a success or error.
//On success, change the selected vote image to the highlighted version
})
}
HTML:
<div id="ThingToVoteOn1">
<img src="voteUp" onclick="registerVote('UP')">
<img src="voteDown" onclick="registerVote('DOWN')">
</div>
| {
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A sophisticated "Gourmette" bracelet to put on the wrist.
This one closes with the help of leather straps, so it adjusts to the arm of the one wearing it.
Available in Sterling Silver. A "Hand-polished" finishing offers its shiny luster.
This bracelet is available in One size. | {
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Air pollution ages your lungs faster and increases your risk of COPD, study says
Posted 7:21 pm, July 8, 2019, by CNN Wire
Generic pollution MGNOnline
Air pollution does a lot more damage to our lungs than scientists realized, according to a new study in Monday's European Respiratory Journal. Researchers found it ages lungs more quickly and putting us at higher risk of COPD.
Your lung function declines as a part of natural aging, but this study found that exposure to particulate matter pollution ages your lungs even faster — and the more pollution you're exposed to, the quicker your lungs age.
The study found that for each additional 5 micrograms per cubic meter of particle pollution a person was exposed to on average annually, the lungs showed an equivalent of two years of aging, and a real reduction in lung function.
Particle pollution is the mix of solid and liquid droplets in the air, according to the US Environmental Protection Agency. It can come in the form of dirt, dust, soot or smoke. It comes from coal- and natural gas-fired plants, cars, agriculture, unpaved roads and construction sites.
For people living with air that has more than 10 micrograms per cubic meter of particle pollution, the situation was much worse. Among that group in the most polluted areas, the number of COPD cases was four times higher than if a person lived with smokers, and half that of people who had been smokers. COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, is a term used to describe lung diseases that block airflow and make it difficult to breathe. It's the third leading cause of death in the world. Although many with COPD smoked at one point in their lives, it can also be genetic, and it can be caused by a person's environment.
Researchers came to their conclusions using data from the UK Biobank. It surveyed more than 300,000 people and participants were given tests to determine their actual lung function. The study went on between 2006 and 2010. The researchers then conducted multiple tests to see how long-term exposure to higher levels of air pollution was linked to the changes in how people could breath. They factored for people's occupations that may expose them to pollution and to people's exposure to cigarette smoke.
They think air pollution has this impact because it causes inflammation in the lungs, which narrows airways and makes it harder to breathe. Air pollution also increases the risk of heart disease, strokes and lung cancer.
The test results were even worse for people living in low-income households.
"Air pollution had approximately twice the impact on lung function decline and three times the increased COPD risk on lower-income participants compared to higher-income participants who had the same air pollution exposure," said study author Anna Hansell, a professor of environmental epidemiology in the Centre for Environmental Health and Sustainability at the University of Leicester. She thinks this pollution may impact this population because it faces several obstacles that harm their health, including poorer housing conditions, worse diets and more limited access to health care. Much more research is needed, she said.
The number of COPD cases is expected to increase dramatically in the next 10 years, and the rising levels of pollution, made worse by the climate crisis, will likely play a large role in that.
In the United States, earlier studies have shown that an increasing number of Americans, 141.1 million — 4 in 10 — live in counties that have air with unhealthy levels of particle pollution or ozone.
President Donald Trump made a pledge in his 2017 State of the Union address to "promote clean air and water," but his administration has reversed or proposed rollbacks to major air pollution protections, emissions standards and drilling and extraction regulations.
https://d26ynq6n1aj22b.cloudfront.net/images/cnn-wire-logo-horiz-1.svg
Filed in: Health, News
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A 'wake-up' call: Your health before age 40 is tied to heart risks later in life
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How these 7 eating choices can impact your cancer risk
Treatment for overactive thyroid linked to increased risk of dying from cancer
Scientists find cocaine in all samples of shrimp from rural UK county | {
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But why does the Lord use the plural? Shouldn't He have said, "Let Me make man in My image, after My likeness."? Dare we conclude that God had a partner, perhaps several, in creating the human race?
Although we were much too young to be troubled by these questions, others in the course of history were profoundly so.
The Talmud (Megillah 9a) records that in ancient times, King Ptolemy gathered 72 Jewish elders and ordered them to translate the Torah. Each rendered the passage: "I will make man in My image, after My likeness." By altering the text, they assured that Ptolemy could never cite the Torah to assert his polytheistic theology.
In Sanhedrin 38b, we learn that the Sadducees, who were thoroughly familiar with the original, did conclude that more than one god created man. Although in verse 27 the Torah "self-corrects" and reverts to the singular to preclude misinterpretations, the Sadducees were apparently unimpressed.
Over the years, I discovered numerous other passages conveying that message.
The Almighty, as it were, models for us the essential importance of listening to others. | {
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Just 10 km from Turin, between the A4 Turin-Milan motorway and A5 Turin-Aosta, there is a new coworking space.
2 event spaces with 65 and 99 seats, equipped with a projection screen, a raised stage, soundproof walls, curtains, internet connection and a lounge bar for catering.
The premises layout and high versatility give a response to your specific needs: our spaces can indeed be used for meetings, training courses, conferences and conventions, presentations, events, interviews, exhibitions.
You can enter the facility with the use of a personal badge and then use our workspaces equipped with ergonomic chairs, modern and spacious desks with drawers and lockers and access to many interesting services.
Internet with wi-fi and internal network, scanner, photocopier, A3, A4 and A5, b/w and colour print, projection, post and e-mail management services.
Telephone exchange, reserved telephone line.
Reception service, professional hostess for B2B events, warehouse space and logistics, common areas for break time, agreement with the adjacent Hotel Verdina ***, shuttle bus to the Caselle "Sandro Pertini" airport and also the Volpiano and Chivasso train stations, ample free parking for you and your Customers.
Do you know what coworking is?
Coworking is a new working style that arises from some professionals specific needs such as freelancers or self-employed professionals, people who travel but also start-ups and small to medium sized enterprises, to use workspaces for a short term period under favorable economic conditions. It is not only a shared workplace: it is a social space where you can create real opportunities, where you can find occasions and incentives; it is a space to accelerate projects, ideas, where exchange and entrepreneurship are favored.
People can access the workspaces they need for the time they wish for an advantageous price, with ready to use desks and offices, equipped with high-speed internet and all comforts. So, in addition to significant economic savings, with this new working style the coworker will be able to fit into a social network with different professionals that simply have to book the workspace without thinking about costs and bureaucracy concerning the premises. | {
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This is a program in our district that is in every school to educate students on the farm to table concepts. Our school embraces these lessons and welcomes them into each grade level. The students from Kindergarten through Sixth Grade learn about plant parts, food groups, physical activity, nutrition education, healthy choices, field trips to farms, and hands-on gardening using the scientific method. These lessons are taught by professionals and experts in the field.
Our executive director, Lori Hamor, is the ambassador of the program. She is the organizer and makes sure all students receive the California Academic Standards with these health and fitness concepts. We have farmers give samples of their harvest to our school and the students really enjoy these delicious taste treats!
In the primary grades students have garden beds in the garden and learn parts of plants, food groups, and making healthy choices. These students are also involved in physical activities.
The fourth grade enjoys field trips to local farms and learns the joys and work involved in growing food. In fifth grade students conduct experiments with different growing conditions. They record data and learn with hands-on gardening.
Teachers, Students, Staff, Parents, and Administration fully support this program, and with this foundation it is consistent and successful.
We celebrated this cornerstone, Health and Fitness, with an assembly. We developed a motto, "It takes a Village to Pay It Forward". This was true with this cornerstone, many people were involved in designing the curriculum, and offering their services to help teach the concepts.
With this philosophy, each student received knowledge that is valuable in our valley. We have many farmers and families who grow the food we eat. | {
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5. Does it complement your patio and home?
The most economical way of buying furniture for your deck is to buy outdoor patio furniture sets. That way the pieces of furniture match each other and, because you are buying the furniture as a set then quite often the price is cheaper than if the components were bought separately.
Durability is very important. The furniture is most likely going to stay outdoors. That means it will be subject to a variety of weather conditions like rain, dust, wind, sun etc. Even if your patio is covered the furniture will still be subject to weather conditions. If you buy cheap plastic or PVC patio furniture you will most likely have to replace it within a short space of time, maybe in 2 – 3 years. This type of furniture can deteriorate rapidly if left out in the weather.
Metal patio furniture is very durable but may need some periodic attention such as painting and rust removal but can look great in the right setting.
The color of your patio furniture is very important as it needs to harmonize with your patio. Most wooden patio furniture is stained or oiled and so retains the natural grains of the timber and, because of its natural look, often blends in to most patio styles. Metal or iron furniture will only come painted for durability reasons. However, the right metal furniture can look good in many styles of patio. For that tropical feel, wicker garden furniture can look great. Wicker furniture is usually left in its natural state and can add an earthy relaxed feel to you patio.
The size you choose is very important. When deciding on size, you need to leave room on the patio for people to move around. This is most important if you entertain regularly. Your guests should be able to freely mingle. A good idea is to make a diagram of your deck to scale and then cut out some pieces of paper to represent your furniture. By placing these cut-outs in various positions on the patio drawing you will be able to see if you have sufficient room. Choose furniture that will not clutter the area. If room is limited then choices like extendable tables and fold up chairs can be the answer. Excess chairs can be folded and stored until needed. Tables can be extended when necessary.
Your final choice in patio furniture should look good in its final place and complement your patio. For example, wood outdoor furniture looks great in natural settings with lots of plants. Wicker garden furniture looks great in those lush tropical areas. It is a good idea to note the style of your house and then find patio furniture that will suit that style. There are so many styles and varieties in garden and patio furniture now available, that anyone's taste can be satisfied. | {
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← Happy Holidays from BHMI!
Through March 10, 2014, BHMI is accepting applications from college students for its Software Development Summer Internships. These internships will begin in May and end in August.
BHMI's internship program helps students acquire real-world software development skills and experience. Interns participate as part of a development team with a flexible schedule. To learn more about BHMI's internship program, please visit http://www.bhmi.com/internProgram.pdf. Candidates may also be interested in viewing this video.
To apply, students of local universities can email their resumes and transcripts to [email protected] Subject: "Intern Application". | {
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Deterrence, Reassurance, and Cost: Part 1
"The dynamic joint defense force envisions active and regular surveillance for seamless response to 'gray zone scenarios' between peacetime and wartime."
U.S.-Japan Allied Maritime Strategy: Balancing the Rise of Maritime China, Tetsuo Kotani, CSIS Strategic Japan April 2014
"Occasionally it would be good if the target cost more than the bullet".
Admiral Mike Boorda, USN, CNO 1994-1996
The late Admiral Mike Boorda popularized a worthy rule for affordable and effective defense. He offered this guidance in the 1990s during a time of economic expansion. The Department of Defense had lost its planning and programming lodestar with the fall of the Soviet Union. The United States was experiencing its second Unilateral Moment. Without a designated enemy, with nobody to fight for the moment, and therefore little need for a comprehensive strategy, it chased capabilities to lock in its superiority. Operations Desert Shield and Storm validated profound U.S. superiority in command, control, surveillance and precision weapons technology. One breathless observer declared "the triumph of silicon over steel." Victory may have a thousand fathers, but it has one dominant progeny – a conviction that one has found the ultimate battlefield solution that will endure forever. As a result, DOD pursued ever more exquisite battlefield technology to exploit this lead.
Admiral Boorda's caution in this hubristic period was quickly overwhelmed. Nevertheless, it echoed, perhaps unconsciously, an earlier and more extensive effort to impose the burden of unbearable costs on others instead of the United States assuming those burdens itself. His advice was, by definition, limited to the military component of national power, and to the tactical realm within that. With no peer or near-peer competitor - or even a recognized asymmetric competitor - in the 90s U.S. leaders saw no need for a military acquisition strategy, much less a national grand strategy. His advice had an effect like rainwater on a rock. The United States lost its knack for strategic planning.
Imposing costs at the tactical level requires a governing policy and strategic context that is supportive. Admiral Boorda did not have that. Similarly, any coherent alliance cost-imposition effort in the East China Sea requires a coherent, supportive policy and strategy context to guide the development of tactical and operational level cost-imposition measures.
In earlier days the United States did recognize the need for strategic thinking and capability development. "Competitive Strategies", the concept introduced by Defense Secretary Casper Weinberger in the 1980s, described an all-inclusive national strategy analysis focused on the long term. It required explicitly considering the impact of resource requirements and capabilities on the U.S., its allies, and the threat. It required a vigorous and continuous analysis and reconciliation of ends, ways and means to ensure the sustainability of the strategy. Development of capabilities that forced an opponent to produce and deploy unaffordable countermeasures was an explicit objective. Such thinking and analysis also gave both appointed and elected officials the intellectual capital needed to secure support from the electorate for defense expenditures. Systems analysis, defense hardware and technology improvements were not the first order items. Policy, strategy, doctrine, forces and training had priority. It was a "grand strategy" in its application of the full range of national capabilities against the full range of the Soviet Union's strengths and weaknesses. It is this type of "grand strategy" that the U.S.-Japan alliance needs now to meet today's threat.
The Strategic Importance of a U.S. Digital Trade Agreement in the Indo-Pacific
Chairman Bera, Ranking Member Chabot, and the other distinguished Subcommittee Members: I appreciate this opportunity to speak with you about digital trade with the Indo-Pacif...
By David Feith
Washington's Missing China Strategy
The Biden administration has repeatedly identified China as the United States' foremost foreign policy challenge. Secretary of Defense Lloyd Austin has referred to China as th...
By Richard Fontaine
United States Military Strategy Should Better Match Interests, Says Defense Research Expert
Becca Wasser discusses how U.S. military strategy has been linked to outdated priorities and should better reflect the country's interests, including protection of the homelan...
By Becca Wasser
No Progress Seen After Russia-U.S. Talks Over Ukraine Tensions
The United States and Russia locked horns over Ukraine and other security issues Monday with no sign of progress from either side at highly anticipated strategic talks. Andre...
By Andrea Kendall-Taylor | {
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DCEU Wonder Woman Has Her Father's Power?
Just when you thought you knew it all when it comes to Wonder Woman, the DCEU goes and gives her a new, secret superpower. And thanks to the latest Justice League trailer, we think that power (and its source) can finally be confirmed. It arrives after months of dissecting Wonder Woman trailers as more and more of her DCEU origin story was revealed - leaving plenty of room to read between the lines. Officially, the DCEU version of Wonder Woman will share the same parents as her New 52 counterpart... but this time around, she's getting new superpowers because of it.
Since neither Wonder Woman nor Justice League has been released, it's impossible to say if our theory on her true parentage - and how it will help give Wonder Woman a new kind of villain - is accurate. But it's seeming more and more likely, with evidence continually mounting (along with our excitement that the DCEU will take her in so compelling a direction). And it provides her with a personal story all her own, separated even from her mother Hippolyta, the Queen of the Amazons.
The use of Diana's superpowers in the new Justice League trailer seem to confirm our suspicions that she'll now be blessed with more than her Amazonian training. She'll wield the powers of her father, too.
When we got the chance to visit the editing bay with director Patty Jenkins, we saw a lengthy presentation of Wonder Woman footage shedding light on her origin story. Some of that footage wound up either included or alluded to in Wonder Woman's 'Origin' trailer, depicting Diana's training from a young girl to adulthood - and the first sign of her new superpower. A new superpower that, according to Jenkins, makes Diana the weapon to kill Ares, not any sword or traditional weapon.
The trailer's most important detail, as we found when breaking down the trailer's key moments, was her vambraces. Previously thought to be enchanted, as were those in past comic books, they didn't behave as one might expect. They glowed with energy and blasted her opponents, sure, but they did so almost at Diana's will. Combine that with our being told that Diana's military training was approved only after she experienced a strange burst of similar energy, and the truth seems clear. Diana is the source of the power, not her armor.
When she finally set sail with Steve Trevor (Chris Pine), her mother, Queen Hippolyta (Connie Nielsen) hinted that Diana's power, like her true nature, was being kept a secret from the princess. What that secret is, and why it must be kept tie into her comic book origins... and are somewhat revealed in later sequences from other Wonder Woman trailers.
Specifically, we're talking about this moment, pictured above. At first, we took it as Wonder Woman's appearance in Batman V Superman would suggest. Wherever that lightning was coming from, she was using her vambraces to protect her, and absorb the energy. But when we remembered the New 52 Wonder Woman origin being used for the DCEU, another explanation seemed possible. For the non-comic readers, that origin revealed that the previous story - Diana was made by her mother from clay, and blessed with life from the gods - was only a cover. Diana had a father... and his name was Zeus.
That's the history lesson young Diana gets in her upcoming film, and most of it may be true, but the language could be a bit deceiving. If Diana is Zeus's daughter, as was confirmed by producer Charles Roven prior to BvS, it would make sense for Hippolyta to want that kept a secret. Not only to keep Ares blind of Diana's true power, but to keep Ares blind to her true purpose. As the story goes: Zeus died, hid his children from man's world, but left them a means to eventually kill Ares - the mythological power attributed to Godkiller, the sword Diana takes with her on her mission to find and defeat Ares.
But as we see these secrets being told, the godlike powers of Diana manifesting, and the aforementioned image of her crossing her arms as if to call the lightning to herself, another answer arrives: Diana is the Godkiller, not a sword. And if our theory claims that her unique genetics mean she can call on the power of the sky and lightning as her father once did, then the newest Justice League trailer may confirm it once and for all.
Finally, we arrive at what might very well be confirmation that Diana is not just the daughter of Zeus, but as a result can control the forces of lightning just as he did. It's just one of several key moments in the Justice League trailer that fly by in a blink, but when Wonder Woman and Aquaman stand ready to face their enemy inside an Apokoliptian structure, she takes the offensive. She's smashed her vambraces together to launch a powerful shockwave at Doomsday, but this time it's a bit different. As she brings one forearm down onto her planted shield, electricity is shown arcing from her wrist to the shield, resulting in a powerful blast that keeps her hair blowing and war cry flying as its impact roils out.
The electricity now seems to be divine lightning, an attack worthy of Zeus that, when fired onto Diana's one of a kind shield, is redirected forward at any who stand in her way. The exact function and nature of Diana's energy absorption/attacks has been vague to this point, so hopefully by the time Justice League comes around, this is the easiest answer. How does Wonder Woman launch attacks? "She's Zeus's daughter, so she can channel divine lightning like him." It would be something generally new to the character - at least in this form - but important in leveling the playing field.
After all, the new trailer also shows Aquaman with the power of a god, using his Atlantean trident to stop a rushing wall of water in its path. It may be too much to hope that the male of this pair of ancient hybrids would be relied upon for defense, while his sister handles the devastating attacks. Yet for Wonder Woman fans who love wordplay and metaphor, there's nothing better than Zeus granting a gift to his daughters capable of killing War itself in their distant future.
That gift is neither a god like those who destroyed themselves, nor a man like those Ares turned to cruelty. Instead, it's the result of love between the God of the gods... and Woman. Now that is a wonder. | {
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package com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.client;
import com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.server.CacheServer;
import com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.*; // for javadocs
import com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.query.*; // for javadocs
/**
* This interface provides for the configuration and creation of instances of
* {@link Pool}.
* <p>Every pool needs to have at least one {@link #addLocator locator} or {@link #addServer server} added
* to it. Locators should be added unless direct connections to
* bridge servers are desired.
* <p>The setter methods are used to specify
* non-default values for the other pool properties.
* <p>Once it is configured {@link #create}
* will produce an instance.
* <p>The factory can be restored to its default
* configuration by calling {@link #reset}.
* <p>Instances of this interface can be created by calling
* {@link PoolManager#createFactory}.
* <p>
* If a subscription is going to be made using a pool then subscriptions
* {@link #setSubscriptionEnabled must be enabled} on the pool.
* Subscriptions are made using these APIs:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link QueryService#newCq(String, CqAttributes)}
* <li>{@link QueryService#newCq(String, CqAttributes, boolean)}
* <li>{@link QueryService#newCq(String, String, CqAttributes)}
* <li>{@link QueryService#newCq(String, String, CqAttributes, boolean)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterest(Object)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterest(Object, boolean)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterest(Object, InterestResultPolicy)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterest(Object, InterestResultPolicy, boolean)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterestRegex(String)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterestRegex(String, boolean)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterestRegex(String, InterestResultPolicy)}
* <li>{@link Region#registerInterestRegex(String, InterestResultPolicy, boolean)}
* </ul>
*
* @author darrel
* @since 5.7
*/
public interface PoolFactory {
/**
* The default amount of time, in milliseconds, which we will wait for a free
* connection if max connections is set and all of the connections are in use.
* <p>Current value: <code>10000</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_FREE_CONNECTION_TIMEOUT = 10000;
/**
* The default interval in which the pool will check to see if
* a connection to a given server should be moved to a different
* server to improve the load balance.
* <p>Current value: <code>300,000</code> (which is 5 minutes).
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_LOAD_CONDITIONING_INTERVAL = 1000*60*5;
/**
* Default size in bytes of the socket buffer on each connection established.
* <p>Current value: <code>32768</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_SOCKET_BUFFER_SIZE = 32768;
/**
* The default amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait for a response from a server
* <p>Current value: <code>10000</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_READ_TIMEOUT = 10000;
/**
* The default number of connections to initially create
* <p>Current value: <code>1</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_MIN_CONNECTIONS = 1;
/**
* The default maximum number of connections to create
* <p>Current value: <code>-1</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_MAX_CONNECTIONS = -1;
/**
* The default amount of time in milliseconds, to wait for a connection to become idle
* <p>Current value: <code>5000</code>.
*/
public static final long DEFAULT_IDLE_TIMEOUT = 5000;
/**
* The default number of times to retry an operation after a timeout or exception.
* <p>Current value: <code>-1</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_RETRY_ATTEMPTS = -1;
/**
* The default frequency, in milliseconds, to ping servers.
* <p>Current value: <code>10000</code>.
*/
public static final long DEFAULT_PING_INTERVAL = 10000;
/**
* The default frequency, in milliseconds, that client statistics
* will be sent to the server.
* <p>Current value: <code>-1</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_STATISTIC_INTERVAL = -1;
/**
* The default value for whether connections should have affinity to the thread
* that last used them.
* <p>Current value: <code>false</code>.
*/
public static final boolean DEFAULT_THREAD_LOCAL_CONNECTIONS = false;
/**
* The default value for whether to establish a server to client subscription.
* <p>Current value: <code>false</code>.
*/
public static final boolean DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ENABLED = false;
/**
* The default redundancy for servers holding subscriptions established by this
* client
* <p>Current value: <code>0</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_REDUNDANCY = 0;
/**
* The default amount of time, in milliseconds, that messages sent from a
* server to a client will be tracked. The tracking is done to minimize
* duplicate events.
* <p>Current value: <code>900000</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_MESSAGE_TRACKING_TIMEOUT = 900000;
/**
* The default amount of time, in milliseconds, to wait before
* sending an acknowledgement to the server about events
* received from the subscriptions.
* <p>Current value: <code>100</code>.
*/
public static final int DEFAULT_SUBSCRIPTION_ACK_INTERVAL = 100;
/**
* The default server group.
* <p>Current value: <code>""</code>.
*/
public static final String DEFAULT_SERVER_GROUP = "";
/**
* The default value for whether to have single hop optimisations enabled.
* <p>Current value: <code>true</code>.
* @since 6.5
*/
public static final boolean DEFAULT_PR_SINGLE_HOP_ENABLED = true;
/**
* The default value for whether to use multiuser mode.
* <p>Current value: <code>false</code>.
* @since 6.5
*/
public static final boolean DEFAULT_MULTIUSER_AUTHENTICATION = false;
/**
* Sets the free connection timeout for this pool.
* If the pool has a max connections setting, operations will block
* if all of the connections are in use. The free connection timeout
* specifies how long those operations will block waiting for
* a free connection before receiving
* an {@link AllConnectionsInUseException}. If max connections
* is not set this setting has no effect.
* @see #setMaxConnections(int)
* @param connectionTimeout the connection timeout in milliseconds
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>connectionTimeout</code>
* is less than or equal to <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setFreeConnectionTimeout(int connectionTimeout);
/**
* Sets the load conditioning interval for this pool.
* This interval controls how frequently the pool will check to see if
* a connection to a given server should be moved to a different
* server to improve the load balance.
* <p>A value of <code>-1</code> disables load conditioning
* @param loadConditioningInterval the connection lifetime in milliseconds
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>connectionLifetime</code>
* is less than <code>-1</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setLoadConditioningInterval(int loadConditioningInterval);
/**
* Sets the socket buffer size for each connection made in this pool.
* Large messages can be received and sent faster when this buffer is larger.
* Larger buffers also optimize the rate at which servers can send events
* for client subscriptions.
* @param bufferSize the size of the socket buffers used for reading and
* writing on each connection in this pool.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>bufferSize</code>
* is less than or equal to <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setSocketBufferSize(int bufferSize);
/**
* Sets the thread local connections policy for this pool.
* If <code>true</code> then any time a thread goes to use a connection
* from this pool it will check a thread local cache and see if it already
* has a connection in it. If so it will use it. If not it will get one from
* this pool and cache it in the thread local. This gets rid of thread contention
* for the connections but increases the number of connections the servers see.
* <p>If <code>false</code> then connections are returned to the pool as soon
* as the operation being done with the connection completes. This allows
* connections to be shared amonst multiple threads keeping the number of
* connections down.
* @param threadLocalConnections if <code>true</code> then enable thread local
* connections.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
*/
public PoolFactory setThreadLocalConnections(boolean threadLocalConnections);
/**
* Sets the number of milliseconds to wait for a response from a server before
* timing out the operation and trying another server (if any are available).
* @param timeout number of milliseconds to wait for a response from a server
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>timeout</code>
* is less than <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setReadTimeout(int timeout);
/**
* Set the minimum number of connections to keep available at all times.
* When the pool is created, it will create this many connections.
* If <code>0</code> then connections will not be made until an actual operation
* is done that requires client-to-server communication.
* @param minConnections the initial number of connections
* this pool will create.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>minConnections</code>
* is less than <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setMinConnections(int minConnections);
/**
* Set the max number of client to server connections that the pool will create. If all of
* the connections are in use, an operation requiring a client to server connection
* will block until a connection is available.
* @see #setFreeConnectionTimeout(int)
* @param maxConnections the maximum number of connections in the pool.
* this pool will create. -1 indicates that there is no maximum number of connections
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>maxConnections</code>
* is less than <code>minConnections</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setMaxConnections(int maxConnections);
/**
* Set the amount of time a connection can be idle before expiring the connection.
* If the pool size is greater than the minimum specified by
* {@link PoolFactory#setMinConnections(int)}, connections which have been idle
* for longer than the idleTimeout will be closed.
* @param idleTimeout The amount of time in milliseconds that an idle connection
* should live before expiring. -1 indicates that connections should never expire.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>idleTimout</code>
* is less than <code>-1</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setIdleTimeout(long idleTimeout);
/**
* Set the number of times to retry a request after timeout/exception.
* @param retryAttempts The number of times to retry a request
* after timeout/exception. -1 indicates that a request should be
* tried against every available server before failing
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>retryAttempts</code>
* is less than <code>-1</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setRetryAttempts(int retryAttempts);
/**
* How often to ping servers to verify that they are still alive. Each
* server will be sent a ping every pingInterval if there has not
* been any other communication with the server.
*
* These pings are used by the server to monitor the health of
* the client. Make sure that the pingInterval is less than the
* maximum time between pings allowed by the bridge server.
* @param pingInterval The amount of time in milliseconds between
* pings.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>pingInterval</code>
* is less than or equal to <code>0</code>.
* @see CacheServer#setMaximumTimeBetweenPings(int)
*/
public PoolFactory setPingInterval(long pingInterval);
/**
* How often to send client statistics to the server.
* Doing this allows <code>gfmon</code> to monitor clients.
* <p>A value of <code>-1</code> disables the sending of client statistics
* to the server.
*
* @param statisticInterval The amount of time in milliseconds between
* sends of client statistics to the server.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>statisticInterval</code>
* is less than <code>-1</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setStatisticInterval(int statisticInterval);
/**
* Configures the group that all servers this pool connects to must belong to.
* @param group the server group that this pool will connect to.
* If <code>null</code> or <code>""</code> then all servers will be connected to.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
*/
public PoolFactory setServerGroup(String group);
/**
* Add a locator, given its host and port, to this factory.
* The locator must be a server locator and will be used to discover other running
* bridge servers and locators.
* Note that if the host is unknown at the time of this call
* the locator will still be added. When the pool is used for
* an operation if the host is still unknown an exception will
* be thrown.
* @param host the host name or ip address that the locator is listening on.
* @param port the port that the locator is listening on
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if port is outside
* the valid range of [0..65535] inclusive.
* @throws IllegalStateException if a server has already been {@link #addServer added} to this factory.
*/
public PoolFactory addLocator(String host, int port);
/**
* Add a server, given its host and port, to this factory.
* The server must be a bridge server and this client will
* directly connect to without consulting a server locator.
* Note that if the host is unknown at the time of this call
* the server will still be added. When the pool is used for
* an operation if the host is still unknown an exception will
* be thrown.
* @param host the host name or ip address that the server is listening on.
* @param port the port that the server is listening on
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if port is outside
* the valid range of [0..65535] inclusive.
* @throws IllegalStateException if a locator has already been {@link #addLocator added} to this factory.
*/
public PoolFactory addServer(String host, int port);
/**
* If set to <code>true</code> then the created pool will have server-to-client
* subscriptions enabled.
* If set to <code>false</code> then all <code>Subscription*</code> attributes
* are ignored at create time.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
*/
public PoolFactory setSubscriptionEnabled(boolean enabled);
/**
* Sets the redundancy level for this pools server-to-client subscriptions.
* If <code>0</code> then no redundant copies will be kept on the servers.
* Otherwise an effort will be made to maintain the requested number of
* copies of the server-to-client subscriptions. At most one copy per server will
* be made up to the requested level.
* @param redundancy the number of redundant servers for this client's subscriptions.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>redundancyLevel</code>
* is less than <code>-1</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setSubscriptionRedundancy(int redundancy);
/**
* Sets the messageTrackingTimeout attribute which is the time-to-live period, in
* milliseconds, for subscription events the client has received from the server. It's used
* to minimize duplicate events.
* Entries that have not been modified for this amount of time
* are expired from the list
* @param messageTrackingTimeout number of milliseconds to set the timeout to.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>messageTrackingTimeout</code>
* is less than or equal to <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setSubscriptionMessageTrackingTimeout(int messageTrackingTimeout);
/**
* Sets the interval in milliseconds
* to wait before sending acknowledgements to the bridge server for
* events received from the server subscriptions.
*
* @param ackInterval number of milliseconds to wait before sending event
* acknowledgements.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>ackInterval</code>
* is less than or equal to <code>0</code>.
*/
public PoolFactory setSubscriptionAckInterval(int ackInterval);
/**
* Resets the configuration of this factory to its defaults.
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
*/
public PoolFactory reset();
/**
* Create a new Pool for connecting a client to a set of GemFire Cache Servers.
* using this factory's settings for attributes.
*
* @param name the name of the pool, used when connecting regions to it
* @throws IllegalStateException if a pool with <code>name</code> already exists
* @throws IllegalStateException if a locator or server has not been added.
* @return the newly created pool.
*/
public Pool create(String name);
/**
* By default setPRSingleHopEnabled is <code>true</code>
* in which case the client is aware of the location of partitions on servers hosting
* {@link Region regions} with
* {@link com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.DataPolicy#PARTITION}.
* Using this information, the client routes the client cache operations
* directly to the server which is hosting the required partition for the
* cache operation using a single network hop.
* This mode works best
* when {@link #setMaxConnections(int)} is set
* to <code>-1</code> which is the default.
* This mode causes the client to have more connections to the servers.
* <p>
* If setPRSingleHopEnabled is <code>false</code> the client may need to do an extra network hop on servers
* to go to the required partition for that cache operation.
* The client will use fewer network connections to the servers.
* <p>
* Caution: for {@link com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.DataPolicy#PARTITION partition} regions
* with
* {@link com.gemstone.gemfire.cache.PartitionAttributesFactory#setLocalMaxMemory(int) local-max-memory}
* equal to zero, no cache operations mentioned above will be routed to those
* servers as they do not host any partitions.
*
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @since 6.5
*/
public PoolFactory setPRSingleHopEnabled(boolean enabled);
/**
* If set to <code>true</code> then the created pool can be used by multiple
* authenticated users. <br>
*
* This setting should only be used for applications that require the client
* to authenticate itself with the server multiple users.
*
* <br>
* Note: If set to true, all the client side regions must have their
* data-policy set to empty.
*
* @return a reference to <code>this</code>
* @see ClientCache#createAuthenticatedView(java.util.Properties)
* @since 6.5
*/
public PoolFactory setMultiuserAuthentication(boolean enabled);
}
| {
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For train wrecks and certain maintenance work, railways always had set of equipment known as the auxiliary.
The Auxiliary usually consisting of a crane, a tender (for steam powered cranes) and a boom car.
The Society obtained its Central Vermont Auxiliary in 1967. | {
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Caitlyn Jenner was sued this week by a family involved in a car wreck with Jenner earlier this year. Jenner, formerly Bruce Jenner, rear-ended a car which then crashed into the SUV the family was riding in. Jenner struck the vehicle of Kim Howe, who was killed in the wreck, pushing her car into traffic and into this family's SUV. The family alleges in the lawsuit they have suffered injuries and emotional trauma. Two of the SUV's passengers and plaintiffs in the lawsuit are children. Jenner is also being sued by Howe's stepchildren and another driver involved in the crash, and has been cleared of any criminal wrongdoing. A civil suit is a suit to recover money damages. | {
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Q: How to insert a multicolumn among columns? I want to create a table in latex in which I have a multicolumn among columns.
something like the following:
How can I create it?
A: You can use the package multirow (with the command \multirow{nb of rows}{*}{text}) and the command \multicolumn{nb of columns}{alignment}{text}. The following code make use of this :
\documentclass[11pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{multirow}
\begin{document}
\begin{tabular}{|l|l|l|l|l|}
\hline
\multirow{2}{*}{ } & \multirow{2}{*}{ } &\multicolumn{2}{r|}{ } & \multirow{2}{*}{ }\\\cline{3-4}
& & & &\\\hline
& & & &\\\hline
& & & &\\\hline
& & & &\\\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{document}
which gives
| {
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Here's a short post on something interesting I found out a couple of weeks ago.
Recently, I flew from JFK out to LAX and back for a good friend's wedding in Pasadena. I booked the flight as two one-way tickets. American Airlines had some discounted transcon business class seats available each way, so I paid $659 outright for the outbound leg, and about 41,000 Citi ThankYou points (pre-devaluation) for the return.
You'll see that this Citi itinerary looks like it booked into American Airlines' "I" class. Since ThankYou points could be redeemed at a fixed value of 1.6 points per cent, one might think that this sort of, maybe counts as a published fare, even though many of us know these tickets appear as bulk tickets to American.
Gotta be a published fare!
Ultimately, I was able to upgrade my return to Flagship First using 15,000 AAdvantage miles and $175, but as I'll write about in my next post, it was unfortunately not worth it because of a strikingly disappointing crew in the Flagship First cabin.
Moral of the story: Business Extra points are a great way to upgrade a fare, but don't expect to be able to upgrade in this fashion if you purchased your ticket using Chase Ultimate Rewards points, Citi ThankYou points, or any other flexible points currency that books as a bulk fare with American. | {
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In The News: New Anaheim Mayor Takes First Step To Keep Angels Baseball In Town
New Anaheim Mayor Takes First Step To Keep Angels Baseball In Town
URL: https://www.bisnow.com/orange-county/news/commercial-real-estate/new-anaheim-mayor-takes-first-step-to-keep-the-angels-in-town-96671
By: Joseph Pimentel, Bisnow Los Angeles
"The new mayor of Anaheim will ask the City Council Tuesday to consider a one-year stadium lease extension for the Los Angeles Angels.
Mayor Harry Sidhu, who was elected in November, said he recently met with Angels owner Arte Moreno and the two discussed ways to keep the team in Anaheim.
"From that meeting, it is clear the team's priority is to stay in Anaheim, if we can work out a deal that benefits our residents, the city and the team," Sidhu said in a news release. "We need a plan to make that happen, and we need time to make that happen."
Angels owner Arte Moreno said his goal is to work with the new City Council and come up with an agreement to remain in Anaheim.
"After meeting with Anaheim Mayor Harry Sidhu, we realized a one-year extension will give us adequate time to work collaboratively on a long-term relationship," Moreno said in an email.
…Sidhu said an extension would be the first step toward negotiating a new, long-term lease for the Angels in Anaheim.
"This will give us time to find a deal that first benefits residents as well as the city and the team with a goal of keeping baseball in Anaheim for another 50 years or more," Sidhu said." | {
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The greatest walks are good for the body but better for the spirit. Just as the heart starts to beat faster and the body begins to work that little bit harder, so then the soul should be ascending.
So after you park in the pretty Dales village of Hebden (and whatever you do, don't get the place mixed up with Calderdale's freewheelin' Hebden Bridge – unless you want to terrify some elderly relatives) and you negotiate the necessary uphill road climb that eventually leads to the ridge of a vast valley, your heart will be thumping but, crucially, there's such a classically perfect Yorkshire vista to sample that you'll hardly notice it. That's exactly what a good slice of soul food will do for you.
Hebden prospered in the late 18th/early 19th century as a dormitory village to miners working in Grassington Moor's nearby lead mines. Although the mines were mostly exhausted by 1865, the village is now a thriving tourist haven and quintessentially Dales-like. The derelict mines provide a perfect halfway destination point for this near two-hour circular.
So, from the village centre turn right at the main road towards Pateley Bridge and cross the bridge. Head upwards on the road for 10 minutes until you see a signpost marked Loss Gill pointing left. Follow this rubble road further upwards until, eventually (15 minutes), it opens out and you find yourself on the top ridge of a valley with Hebden Gill running through the valley below.
Cross the moor, keeping the wall to your left. If it's still chick-rearing season, watch out for bombarding lapwings. Indeed, watch out for all manner of feathered-action. You'll notice how, incredibly, the deep valley amplifies the birdsong contained within. It's a sort of paradise for aural bird spotters (listeners?). Bill Oddie would explode with joy.
After 55 minutes, following a gentle decline, you'll reach a ford – our halfway point. High up to your right you'll spot the remnants of various old mine buildings, smelters and mine entrances.
At the mines' peak, between 1821 and 1861, they produced nearly a thousand tons of lead per year and employed about 170 people. At the mine's intensive peak the miners were given rights on their own 'mineral veins' (called 'meers' – measuring about 30 yards by 15 yards) in return for a share of the smelted lead being paid to the owner of the mineral rights.
A miner who discovered a new vein was granted two meers. To help mark out the extremities of these meers, stones were set in the ground. There are many of them scattered across Grassington Moor and it's likely you'd pass them by without prior knowledge. Although the first meer granted on a vein is often marked with the word 'founder'. Be careful if you do find one as they are, needless to say, protected and deserve respect.
By the early 1880s the mines were all but exhausted and there's been little effort since to ever extract more lead. When you're ready to continue, don't cross Hebden Gill. Instead take a sharp left and note more derelict buildings on the ridge to your left. All that then remains is an achingly pretty flat trek back to the village (110 minutes) with the gill on your right guiding you all the way back home.
Where: Hebden is situated 1.5 miles from Grassington on the B6265 Pateley Bridge Road and can also be reached via a minor road from Burnsall.
Refreshments: There's one pub in the village, The Clarendon, serving good pub grub.
What else?: There's a very nice suspension bridge in Hebden – perfect for that attractive scenic shot!
3 Comments on "Hebden Walk" | {
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HMAS Gascoyne sets sails for the South West Pacific
Published on 24 July 2013 LEUT Michael Gordon (author)
Topic(s): HMAS Gascoyne (M85)
ABCSO(MW) Jarryd Parsons keeps HMAS Gascoyne on course.
HMAS Gascoyne recently departed Sydney for a South West Pacific Deployment and the ship's company have wasted no time in making the most of their time at sea.
The Huon Class Mine Hunter Coastal has spent the first half of the year conducting a Unit Readiness Work-up and maintenance period and now has the opportunity to put all that hard work to good use. The Ship will be visiting Port Vila in Vanuatu, Nuku'alofa in Tonga and Noumea in New Caledonia during July and August.
Gascoyne's Commanding Officer, Lieutenant Commander Aaron Cox says the ship's company are putting their recent training to good use.
"Gascoyne's South West Pacific Deployment is an excellent opportunity for the ships company to implement the skills and practices that we have been refining over the past few months."
"Recently we have conducted a wide range of training, including damage control, small arms and ship handling, to progress the skills of all those on board," said Lieutenant Commander Cox.
It hasn't been all hard work for the men and women of Gascoyne. The ship was able to visit Middleton Reef, 300 nautical miles east of the Australian coast. Members of the Ship's company took to the ships boats for an afternoon of sightseeing, followed by an evening BBQ hosted by the Ship's officers.
"It's important for the crew to also have exposure to the fun side of navy life, and these types of activities ensure that we are able to strike the right balance of hard work and down time," said Lieutenant Commander Cox.
While deployed, Gascoyne will be in associated support to Operation SOLANIA and looks forward to conducting passage exercise opportunities with the maritime forces of the Pacific. Gascoyne's next port of call will be Port Vila, where the ship will promote regional engagement and co-operation with Australia's Pacific neighbours.
Mine Hunter Coastal visits Pacific communities
HMAS Gascoyne helps out in Tonga
Gascoyne route survey Darwin
Gascoyne remembers | {
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Cain mum about those giving him economic advice
WASHINGTON – Republican presidential candidate Herman Cain is quick to discuss his economic plan. But he isn't saying just who helped him create it.
Cain calls it the 9-9-9 plan. It would set a corporate flat tax at 9 percent and a personal flat tax at 9 percent, and establish a 9 percent national sales tax. The payroll tax, the estate tax and the tax on capital gains would be eliminated.
He was asked on "Fox News Sunday" who helped him develop the plan. Cain said he isn't at liberty to identify anyone but the chairman of his economic advisers.
Cain says the others are well-known business owners, but he doesn't want to compromise their confidentiality by naming them publicly.
The Cain campaign didn't respond to an Associated Press request for information. | {
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6789 open access dissertations and theses found for:
if(Carbon nanofibers) » Refine Search
1 - 30 of 6789 displayed. Next >
Engineering Hyaluronic Acid-carbon Nanotube Nanofibers: A Peripheral Nerve Interface to Electrically Stimulate Regeneration
by Steel, Elisabeth Marie, Ph.D. Wayne State University. 2018: 150 pages; 10824933.
Surface Modification and Mechanics of Interfaces in Polystyrene Nanocomposites Reinforced by Carbon Nanotubes
by He, Peng, Ph.D. University of Cincinnati. 2006: 207 pages; 10857138.
Functionalizing C-MEMS: From Surface Modification to Structural Modification
by Holmberg, Sunshine, Ph.D. University of California, Irvine. 2018: 165 pages; 10749596.
Pyrolysis and patterning of Acetobacter xylinum cellulose for hydrogen storage
by O'Brien, Brendan, M.S. Tufts University. 2009: 140 pages; 1468279.
Viscoelastic characterization of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/vinyl ester nanocomposites using a response surface methodology
by Drake, Daniel Adam, M.S. Mississippi State University. 2013: 74 pages; 1536065.
The effect of material and processing on the impact strength of vapor-grown carbon nanofiber/vinyl ester composites
by Torres, Glenn William, M.S. Mississippi State University. 2011: 57 pages; 1502801.
Development and Characterization of a Self-Sensing High Volume Fly Ash CNF HPFRCC
by Hardy, Dylan K., M.S. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. 2015: 140 pages; 1593058.
Incorporating Specific Biological Functionality into Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphiles for Nanostructured Biomaterials
by Khan, Saahir, Ph.D. Northwestern University. 2012: 159 pages; 3547910.
Electrospun nanoscale polymer fibers and their biomedical applications
by Ji, Yuan, Ph.D. State University of New York at Stony Brook. 2007: 121 pages; 3299718.
Electrospun Nanofiber Electrodes for Hydrogen/Air Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
by Brodt, Matthew Ward, Ph.D. Vanderbilt University. 2015: 193 pages; 13834961.
Creation of peptide amphiphile architectures and its applications to living systems
by Zhang, Shuming, Ph.D. Northwestern University. 2008: 182 pages; 3336767.
Kenaf bast for fiber reinforced polymer composites
by Shi, Jinshu, Ph.D. Mississippi State University. 2011: 98 pages; 3487179.
In vitro evaluation of carbon-nanotube-reinforced bioprintable vascular conduits
by Dolati, Farzaneh, M.S. The University of Iowa. 2014: 67 pages; 1573577.
Microarray time course assay of CHO-cells impaled on vertically arrayed nanofibers
by Harris, Sebastian M., M.S. Oklahoma State University. 2009: 49 pages; 1474536.
Development of an Automated Nanoparticles Spray System for Selectively Reinforcing Polymer Composites
by Shou, Wan, M.S. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. 2014: 130 pages; 1592719.
Synthesis and characterization of PANI-coated VGCNFs and evaluation of its use for corrosion inhibition
by Cebada-Ricalde, Maria Concepcion, Ph.D. Mississippi State University. 2014: 262 pages; 3631717.
Simulation-Based Design and Material Modeling for ENT Implants
by Matthew, Chua Chin Heng, Ph.D. National University of Singapore (Singapore). 2015: 190 pages; 10005990.
Electrospun Particle/Polymer Fiber Mat Electrodes For Li-Ion Batteries
by Self, Ethan Craig, Ph.D. Vanderbilt University. 2017: 192 pages; 10753413.
Designing structural and functional features of self-assembling peptide amphiphile nanofibres
by Yiren, Chen, Ph.D. National University of Singapore (Singapore). 2015: 144 pages; 10005983.
Engineering collagen mimetic peptide amphiphile hydrogels by tuning mechanical properties for biomedical applications
by Sundar, Sushmitha, Ph.D. National University of Singapore (Singapore). 2015: 159 pages; 10006084.
Synthesis of carbon nanotubes from waste polyethylene plastics
by Zhuo, Chuanwei, M.S. Northeastern University. 2009: 81 pages; 1483024.
Full Text - PDF (4.7 MB)
Nanofiber Incorporated Glass Fiber Filter Media
by Srinivasan, Priyavardhana, M.S. The University of Akron. 2005: 99 pages; 10805888.
Piezoresistive Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Mixtures modified with Carbon Nano-Fibers: Development and Application as Smart HMA
by Rizvi, Hashim Raza, Ph.D. University of Louisiana at Lafayette. 2016: 232 pages; 10189180.
Sustainable Transformation of Biorenewables Mediated by Rationally Designed Nanoparticle Catalysts
by Al-Zubaidi, Hazim A., Ph.D. Western Michigan University. 2018: 209 pages; 13877020.
Development of Nanostructured Graphene/Conducting Polymer Composite Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
by Basnayaka, Punya A., Ph.D. University of South Florida. 2013: 197 pages; 3603851.
Polymeric micro/nanofibers: Fabrication, aligned deposition, mechanical characterization, and biological applications
by Nain, Amrinder Singh, Ph.D. Carnegie Mellon University. 2007: 264 pages; 3282365.
Characterization of direct print additive manufacturing process for 3D build of a carbon nanostructure composite
by Rodriguez, Ricardo Xavier, M.S. The University of Texas at El Paso. 2014: 102 pages; 1564696.
Growth and field emission of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
by Kim, Soo Young, M.S. University of Southern California. 2009: 54 pages; 1464309.
Pulmonary pathologies following inhalation of multi-walled carbon nanotubes at occupational levels
by Phipps, Marshal Anthony, Jr., M.S. East Carolina University. 2015: 121 pages; 1606632.
Complex pattern formation in carbon thin films and multi-layer graphene through low temperature etching by catalytic combustion
by Bulut, Lutfiye, Ph.D. Brown University. 2010: 161 pages; 3430163.
1 - 30 of 6789 displayed.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Next > | {
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For everyone who just read the Sad State of Web Development, I disagree.
2015 was a great year for web development. We can create bigger and better web applications than ever before, with better code quality and faster page load times. The world wants Single Page Apps (SPAs), meaning we have to move huge amounts of logic from the server to the browser. We've been doing this for years, but in 2015, we've found better ways to build these large sprawling front end apps.
As with years prior, almost everyone rewrote an app using the latest fad framework: React. Unlike the fads before it (Angular, Backbone.js, Ember.js, etc), React introduced three ideas which have changed web development radically. React may not last forever, but the ideas it brought us will stick around for a while.
React re-introduced an old idea from the PHP days: code and HTML templates together in the same file. This had gone out of style with MVC frameworks which espoused separating HTML templates and logic as far as possible. JSX may not survive more than a couple years, but the ideas will stick around. Coupling a component's logic with its DOM allows developers to reuse and share DOM components. This idea even has its own W3C spec. Many developers scoff at this idea, but after using it realize its benefits for code reuse and refactor.
People got their hands on React and started writing apps in it the same way they had done it forever, with object-oriented-inspired local state flying around everywhere. So Facebook also released their philosophy of developing React, named the Flux Architecture. Rich Hickey has been talking about constraining state and instead focusing on data manipulation for years, but it wasn't until Facebook started talking about it to get all the UI programmers on board. This is probably React's greatest gift to the community, a true way to improve the efficiency of creating programs. The ideas from Out of the Tar Pit are clearly visible in Flux. Because its so popular, now almost any React shop is writing code better than they were last year, by using functional data-flow concepts and moving away from OO design.
Elm is another functional compile-to-JS language, but instead of a lisp-inspired approach, Elm is ML-inspired, especially from Haskell and OCaml. However, Elm takes the approach of making it easy to program in it, from top of the line error messages, to great tutorials, Elm and its maintainers are dedicated to a fantastic developer experience, as this talk shows.
Things are more complicated now than they have ever been. There are more plugins to download, more npm packages to comb over, more frameworks to consider, more languages to learn, more more more more more.
But complicated isn't necessarily bad. With these new transpilers, packages, frameworks, and languages, we can build bigger faster, become more maintainable, raise our code quality, and just make programming easier. Simple things are easier to understand, but don't provide the same power that a well-designed complex thing can.
Web development may be more complex now, but its greater than ever. I'd take that over any amount of excessive simplicity. | {
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Author and Creator of Superhero Short Stories and more!
Songs of My Father's Hand
A Teacher's Thought
Chicamauga
Love Eternal
Petals from the Rose of Life
Prayer to the Spirit Wolf
Tell My Mom that I'm Here
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Z262 Stories
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About – Short stories and oddities
Books by T. Mike McCurley
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Jori's Books
Posted by tmikemccurley on 2017-07-25
Posted in: Story Work. Tagged: anthro, Camp NaNoWriMo, Duggan, Fiction, Lissa, stories, writing, Z262. 2 comments
The back of the book gave a short blurb describing the action to be found within, and Duggan read it in a slow series of words, his thick lips moving along with the syllables.
When Officer Misty Kein finds herself squaring off against the mob's number one assassin, it will be her wits and not her badge that will be needed.
He grimaced and slid the volume back onto the shelf. Heavy fingers traced the spines of the other books.
"Can I help you find anything?"
The voice was calm and soft, and Duggan pivoted on a heel to see a cassowary female looking at him. Sharp eyes looked out at him from inside the bright blue colored head, tracking from his hideously scarred face to the obscenities carved into his plastron and tattooed on his flesh. He made no effort to cover himself, as he had made none since arriving on Z262. The uniform that marked him as ArCorp Security did nothing to hide some of his worse markings. Her beak separated to a narrow gap and she tilted her head toward the shelf.
"Ummm," he said, "The uh, the –"
He waved in a vague motion toward the shelves.
"Books?" she prompted. He nodded.
"Yeah. Book. Lissa. Um, she's my partner. She said to come here," he stammered.
"Is there anything specific you are looking for?"
He turned away, looking at the rows of books. "Nah," he finally muttered. He took a step to the bird's right. "I ain't…"
She made a show of looking around them before leaning in toward the enormous tortoise. "You're not a big reader, right?" she asked. He chuckled.
"At least you didn't say it like I had done something bad."
"Not everyone is as addicted to the written word as I am," she said. She swept a thin arm in a gesture that encompassed the entire building. "This is mostly mine."
"All of these?" Duggan asked, his eyes widening. He looked back and forth at the shelves around him. They stood to just a hand's span above his head and ran easily a meter wide. The room had dozens of them, all occupied with various books, magazines, and other reading material.
"I am an avid reader."
She paused then and slapped her own forehead with a palm. "I am so sorry. My manners these days! I'm Jori. Jori Maleen."
"Duggan," he replied, automatically extending a massive hand. When she took it, her fingers were dwarfed. His hand was rough and leathery, with heavy calluses and prominent knuckles that were massive humps under the gray-green skin.
"No last name?" she asked. Her head was tilted again, looking at him from a sideways angle. He smiled and released her tiny hand.
"That is my last name," he said. "I ain't used my first name in years, except on legal papers."
"My father was a Marine," she said. "I'm familiar. He would have introduced himself with his last name first."
Several seconds passed and he became aware that she was standing still, head remaining cocked ever so slightly to one side as she stared at him. He looked into her eyes. There was no reproach visible there, no hint that she somehow felt less of him since he did not read the way she did. He held the gaze for a moment, noticing for the first time the half-moon of white beneath her left eye. Her beak split in a smile.
"Cron," he said. "My name is Cron."
"Lovely to meet you, Cron. Now what kind of book were you looking for?"
He lowered his gaze. "I don't really know," he admitted. "I'm just trying to find something to occupy my time between patrols and on my off days, you know? All I read these days are the same six comic books and a couple of old field manuals. Pretty fu… It's pretty boring," he said, catching himself before the obscenity slipped out.
"Well, I'm certain there is something here that would catch your fancy," Jori said. She turned on one thin leg, working her way down an aisle with a bobbing gait. Her sharp extended claws tapped on the floor with a rhythm. After a second, Duggan followed her. He had to turn a bit sideways to fit his bulk between the shelves. The butt of his sidearm bounced off the shelves with every shuffling step.
"Six comic books?" Jori asked, reaching up to the top row. She pulled out plastic containers with various brightly colored covers visible so that he could see them. "I have a few here as well. I don't know what kind or titles you like best."
"The ones I have now are mostly action, but I had a subscription to ElectroFox once. That was years back."
"If you want, you could bring them here, and then others could read them as well," she told him, pulling down a container. She opened the box.
"War Bear," she said, reading the label. "Issues one-twenty through one-thirty-three. Got them from Zhen Darri over at the mercantile."
Duggan did not hesitate to slip a massive hand into a pocket of his utility trousers.
"How much?" he asked around the stump of unlit cigar that occupied the corner of his mouth.
Jori turned to regard him, her head tilting once again.
"How much what?"
"For the comics," he said. He pulled a wallet from his pocket and fanned it open to display a sheaf of corporate scrip.
A honking sound blew past her beak and she raised her left hand in his direction.
"Have you never been in a library?" she asked. Duggan stood for a moment, looking at his wallet in confusion.
"I don't… No. I haven't," he said. "I mean, I've been by here and stuff, but not, like, inside."
She gently pushed at the wallet, directing it back toward Duggan's enormous form. Her voice was higher when she spoke, and her smile was back.
"You don't buy these. You borrow them. You come here and you take a book. When you have read it, you bring it back. We put it back on the shelf for someone else to read, and you can take a different one. That's why I suggested you bring your own comics here. Let others have the joy of reading them."
"So I ain't gotta pay for these?"
"Not at all. Just keep them in good condition and bring them back when you have finished. Then we can find you something new to try. They will be around should you wish to revisit them."
"That's… I…I can do that," he said, hesitating as he thought through the process. "I'll bring you mine when I come back, if that's okay."
"Of course it is," Jori told him. "I look forward to reading them myself."
"You wanna read my old comics?"
Her eyes rolled back and she made a noise that bordered on ecstatic. A long shudder rolled down her back and her feathers ruffled.
"Oh, my, yes. Something I have not experienced before? A chance to step outside reality and be part of a story for a while? I am a voracious reader, Cron. Nothing makes me as happy."
"Well, all right, then," he said. "As long as you're not gonna tackle me or start screamin' that I stole your stuff."
She made the honking noise again, and he realized it was laughter. Her tiny hand came up to touch his muscular upper arm and she leaned against him as she laughed.
"Trust me," she said. "You're fine. Let me get you a bag to carry them in."
"Oh, now, I can take 'em like this."
"Not on your life. I'm going to make sure you get something nice," Jori said, strutting to a long counter and bending down as she reached behind it. "Tackle you," she said, bursting into laughter again at the thought.
"What made you decide to do this?" he asked. His gesture at the shelves of books was lost on her, unable as she was to see it.
"You mean the library?"
"Yeah. I mean, you've got a job, but if you ain't sellin' the books, then you ain't gettin' paid. How's that gonna work?"
Her head popped up and she smiled again at him before ducking below the counter once again. "I had a few dozen crates of books in my home, so I told the recruiters that I wanted to open a library. Let the other colonists have a place of refuge, as it were. As to money? ArCorp actually subsidized the idea. They provided me with additional material and allowed me a substantial purchase amount to add even further."
She emerged a moment later with a bright blue bag of heavy woven material. Thick rope loops made up handles for the bag. She extended it to Duggan, who took it gingerly between his fingers.
"Next time you come, you'll have a bag to carry books in," she said. "From now on, as often as you want."
He slipped the issues of War Bear into the bag in as cautious a manner as he was able.
"I'll bring you those others tomorrow," he said in a solemn tone.
"There's no rush," she assured him. "Take your time. Bring them when you return the ones you have. I'll be here. Well, as long as you come during office hours," she added.
His lips split into a smile, which took the edge off of his fierce countenance for a moment.
"I'll do that," he said. He turned for the door, but Jori was a step ahead of him, her arm flashing up to a shelf and holding out a thin book. Duggan recognized it as the one about the cop and the assassin.
"You were looking at this one?" she asked.
"Uhh, yeah. How did you…"
"You left it sticking out past the others. Lucky guess on my part."
"Oh. I wasn't sure if it was… I didn't…"
"Lots of violence in it," she said, taking the pressure off of him. "I don't know if you're ready to handle that."
"Jori, I'm –" he began, looking at her for the moment it took for him to realize she had been joking. He chuckled then, a deep rumbling within his chest.
"You got me," he said.
She winked in reply and tipped the novel into his bag. "I think you should try this one," she said. "Let me know what you think. It was very nice to meet you, Cron."
"You too, Jori. I'll see ya when I come back," Duggan told her as he stepped out of her shop and into the heat of the early afternoon. His eyes rebelled against the glare of the brilliant yellow sun that hammered down onto the baked ground.
"I look forward to it. Have fun!" she called.
The door closed behind him and Duggan took off down the street, the blue bag swinging in his hand. He waved at a pair of calico-patterned cats in mining outfits, sending a happy grin their way.
When he opened the door to his home, Lissa was there. The mongoose was reclined on his couch, stuffing something crunchy into her mouth and washing it down with one of his beers.
"Where ya been?" she asked, swallowing.
"Book place," he said. She had known him long enough to catch the excitement in his tone.
"You went? Good on ya!" Lissa said, sitting up. She necked the bottle and swallowed three times before setting it onto his coffee table.
"I did," he said. He pulled out the comics and the novel, holding them with a gentleness that bordered on reverence. He looked at them for a moment and then up at his partner.
"Jori's nice," he said.
"Jori?"
"She works there. Runs the place. Cassowary female."
"Oh. I never got her name," Lissa admitted.
"I did. She's nice," he repeated. He turned a stare on Lissa, silently daring her to make fun of him. She shook her head, knowing it was what he expected.
"Thanks for telling me where to go."
She laughed a quick bark of a laugh. "I'm good at telling you where to go," she said. "Tell you what though: You start reading more than manuals on machine guns, and we'll be even."
He held up the novel, displaying the picture of the sleek Shepherd cop pointing a handgun at a duster-clad Doberman.
"I know just where to start."
<<<END>>>
← The Armor of Gara
Barhopping with Jinx →
2 comments on "Jori's Books"
Cyndi on 2017-07-25 at 23:01 said:
I loved this one!! Great read.
tmikemccurley on 2017-07-26 at 07:14 said:
Thorn in Her Side
November Again!
Barhopping with Jinx
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A Map of the Weirdness
Superhero Short Stories | {
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the FIFA fanfest area in the south and gorgeous Moses Mabhida stadium on the north end. The casino and its food court are also in the north, hosting the secondary fanfest sponsored by Hyundai. Hey look its Frings, and we all enjoy bidding, "Arrivederci , Italia!" though regretting we will not be enjoying a Netherlands v Italy second round match on the 28th.
or size of the crowd which has split about 2/3rds for Brazil, and the teenage girls screaming for the gelled one.
After the previous day's crowds jammed all of the dinner spots along Florida Road, we make sure to find a place early for USA v Ghana on the 26th. A group of younger Americans sit nearby and their quick and easy pronouncements regarding everything soon drive us to find another location. Our second stop has fewer people, and they definitely support Ghana in a show of continental unity. We all know what happened. Ghana scored early twice, playing Clark was a mistake, Donovan barely made his penalty. Obviously, the USMNT brings certain strengths to each match, but the USA could not out-hustle, -work, or -physical a talented Ghana squad, outfitted in a wonderful red and yellow kit. Hopefully the talent pool improves enough, so that like for like substitutes can make a difference, lessening their reliance on shifting Donovan and Dempsey around, as each time it happens, they must spend too much time adjusting their play.
As Americans we still have a long way to go as fans. Some rely completely on their faith that we will do well, but don't even know for whom some of the starters play club ball and generally have no idea about strategy or tactics.
Maybe better beer would make better results. | {
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Maluku is blessed with incredible sea gardens, idyllic, tropical beaches and rugged, forest-coated volcanic mountains. These are the famous 'spice islands' which drew Indian, Chinese, Arab and eventually European traders in search of cloves and nutmeg. In 1511, the Portuguese built their first fort in the area on the island of Ternate, and cornered the clove trade. The Dutch, who arrived in 1599, mounted the first serious threat to Pourtuguese control of Maluku's treasures. Armed conflicts broke out, taking a heavy toll from the island populations as well as the rival European powers. When the Dutch finally emerged as victors they enforced their trade monopoly with an iron fist. Whole villages were razed to the ground and thousands of islanders died, especially on the island of Banda. The British briefly occupied Maluku during the Napoleonic Wars, but Dutch rule was restored in 1814 and it wasn't until 1863 that the compulsory cultivation of spices was abolished in the province. Now fish and other sea products are Maluku's major sources of revenue, but nickel, oil, manganese and various kinds of timber also contribute to the pro¬vince's wealth.
The main gateway into Maluku is through the provincial capital Ambon, which is served by regular flights to most parts of the archipelago. Air and sea tranportation connect the islands with 79 seaports and 25 airports. Roads on many of the islands provide acces to the more remote places of interest. | {
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Q&A: Meet San Diego County's first chief geriatric officer
By Maureen Cavanaugh / KPBS Midday Edition Co-Host, Andrew Bracken / Producer, KPBS Midday Edition
Published December 30, 2022 at 11:15 AM PST
Kyle Dykes
San Diego County's chief geriatric officer Dr. Lindsey Yourman is pictured in this undated photograph.
San Diego's senior population continues to grow. To help prepare for the challenges of aging and expand opportunities for older residents, San Diego County has appointed its first chief geriatric officer. Dr. Lindsey Yourman's job is to make getting older in San Diego safer, healthier and a little easier.
Yourman joined Midday Edition Thursday to talk about her new role and how she originally became interested in geriatric medicine. The interview below has been lightly edited for clarity.
It used to be that communities were okay with the idea that older people were not able to go as many places or do as many things because of their age. But that idea is changing, isn't it?
Yourman: Yes, it is changing, especially as we have more recognition that we do have ageism in our society. This way in which we act, think and talk about aging can be really negative, but we have the power to change that, and that has implications for our society having more support for mobility and all the things that we want to do as we get older.
A few years ago, the county put out what it called an aging roadmap with the goal of making the region more age friendly. What does age friendly mean in practical terms?
Yourman: To me, age friendly means having a society and infrastructure in terms of social services, medical care that takes into account the diverse and unique needs of older people.
It's interesting, as we get older, I think we become more and more different. For example, 70 year olds, you'll see a lot more diversity in people than in five year olds. But I think an age-friendly society, first of all, recognizes that there is a lot of diversity within an age group and within the older age group. And then is aware of some of the unique needs that are present as we get older, such as focusing on our goals of care, our mobility. There are certain things that become a particular concern as we get older. An age-friendly society takes that into account.
Do you think enough healthcare providers know how to treat older patients in a way that really improves their lives?
Yourman: I really don't, unfortunately. I was really astounded after I did my geriatric fellowship and I started clinical practice. I was shocked by how much of the evidence for what works for older people to improve outcomes wasn't actually being done in routine practice. And I ended up looking into this, and it's actually been studied that when you look at evidence-based care for older people and how often it is implemented, it's about 30% of the time. So we have a long way to go in terms of closing that evidence practice gap and bringing the best practice and care for older people into the mainstream.
A big issue for seniors in San Diego is the high cost of living. A study found that nearly 25% of people over 65 in San Diego live on only about $25,000 a year. And the number of seniors experiencing homelessness, I think we've learned, has increased in the county. What can be done about that?
Yourman: It's a complex situation. There's many contributing factors. But some concrete things that can be done is, first of all, trying to combat ageism in the workplace. If we can have a work culture that helps to accommodate some of the changes that some of us experience as we age, that will help with income for older people.
The other thing, of course, is affordable housing, and there is a lot of work to be done in that area. Aging and independent services within the county is working with groups such as the Office of Homeless Solutions and Planning and Development Services to provide resources and information about affordable housing programs and services to older people.
People may be surprised to learn that you yourself, Dr. Yourman, are decades away from old age. How did you develop an interest in the welfare of seniors?
Yourman: It really, for me, started with my relationship with my grandparents. I was blessed to have really wonderful grandparents and I would spend time with them, and I'd also get to know some of their friends. And I was sometimes sad that I felt like a lot of the older people that I was meeting were sometimes under appreciated or not included in society as much as would advantage all of us. And I wanted to kind of be a force for change in that way to have a more age-inclusive society.
Instead of formulating an age-friendly program from the top-down, you've said you want to hear from older San Diegans about what they need. Tell us about that.
Yourman: Well, I think that movements are generally more powerful if the people whom they affect are involved in creating them. One of the things I want to do in my job is create forums for more engagement with older people around what their biggest needs are and how we can best tackle them.
So, there's a lot of different ways in which we might do that, including making ourselves in the county accessible by email, by phone, going out into the community, to town halls, hearing people's feedback. Our aging and independent services actually on their website does have opportunities for older people to volunteer and/or be part of the age-friendly roadmap and give their input.
For more information or to provide feedback, you can also call (858) 514-3260 or email [email protected].
Maureen Cavanaugh
Maureen Cavanaugh has been a familiar voice for KPBS listeners for more than 15 years, serving in a variety of capacities including announcer, host, and producer. As host of KPBS Midday Edition, Maureen has interviewed a wide range of notables, such as comedienne Sandra Bernhardt, actor John Lequizamo, author Chuck Palahniuk, composer Marvin Hamlisch, artist Robert Irwin, and designer Zandra Rhodes. But of all the interviews Maureen has conducted, her most special was with His Holiness, the Dalai Lama. Before joining KPBS in 1997, she worked as a news anchor for KSDO and KOGO News Radio in San Diego. While working for commercial radio stations in San Diego and in Salt Lake City, Utah, Maureen reported on both hard news and lifestyle features. Maureen has received three "Golden Mike" awards from the Radio and TV News Association of Southern California for economic reporting and breaking news. She has also received a "Best of Show" and "Best Radio Newscast" awards from the San Diego Press Club and the "Flo" Award from Public Radio Program Directors Association for Best Public Radio Announcer in a large market. Maureen is a native of Queens, New York, but after more than 20 years in San Diego she feels she qualifies as a real Southern Californian.
See stories by Maureen Cavanaugh
What do you want to hear hosts Jade Hindmon and Maureen Cavanaugh talk about on Midday?
Contact Midday Edition
Andrew Bracken
Andrew Bracken is a producer for KPBS Midday Edition. He is also the producer and host for the KPBS podcast series "My First Day" and "San Diego Conversations," a collaboration with KPBS and the National Conflict Resolution Center.
See stories by Andrew Bracken | {
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My guys from Arsenal almost stunk the joint out against Leicester City. The guys needed two late goals to escape with a 4-3 win over the Foxes at our house Emirates.
EPL Match Report:" Late goals from Aaron Ramsey and Olivier Giroud earned Arsenal a comeback 4-3 win over Leicester City in a thrilling 2017/18 Premier League season opener.
The scoring started inside two minutes when Alexandre Lacazette found the net with a header on his PL debut.
But Shinji Okazaki nodded in from close-range three minutes later before Jamie Vardy converted a superb Marc Albrighton cross to put the Foxes 2-1 up.
Danny Welbeck scored in first-half stoppage-time before Vardy restored Leicester's advantage with a header from Riyad Mahrez's corner on 56 minutes.
But Ramsey struck from a Granit Xhaka cross on 83 minutes and Giroud's header went in off the crossbar from another Xhaka delivery two minutes later to settle a gripping contest.
The Guardians Amy Lawrence wrote this:" Welcome back, ladies and gentlemen, to a new season reminiscent of the old at the Emirates, where the good news is Arsenal broke their transfer record for a striker but the bad news is they ended their first game of the season with a classically dysfunctional defence. It was an extraordinary combination – a midfield player at right-back, two left-backs at centre-back and a right-back at left-back. Confused? Who wouldn't be. Leicester had all the clarity as they took advantage and a 3-2 lead into the final stages of an intoxicating tussle.
Oh Arsenal. Typical Arsenal. Absurd Arsenal. But where in seasons past this kind of situation tended to end with opening day navel-gazing, this time they found the resources to twist the tale with a theatrical flourish. Wenger threw on Aaron Ramsey and Olivier Giroud to attempt a rescue mission and both of them delivered with goals to transform the atmosphere from fretful and pressurised to the liberating joy of a thumping comeback. The match-winner from Giroud sent shudders through north London. In finding the composure to power a header while wrestling his marker he made his point that the purchase of Alexandre Lacazette would not easily make him expendable.
Arsenal's penchant for starting seasons by getting a wobble in early has become something of an epidemic and they made a good stab at a repeat here. Arsène Wenger leaned on the game's statistics to suggest this win was somehow logical – bags of possession and 27 shots for his team compared to three on target for the visitors – but few in the crowd would have argued had Leicester been able to hold on to the lead they seized with moments of ferocious determination.
A frenetic opening five minutes set the tone and presented a microcosm of all of Arsenal's weird, paradoxical sense of possibility. Their ability to exude verve and be vulnerable in the same few flashes of a game was there for all to see. Day-one optimism cascaded down from the stands as the record signing Lacazette opened the scoring with his first meaningful Premier League touch. A mere two minutes into his official Arsenal career he was unmarked in the box to steer a powerful header past Kasper Schmeichel.
The Emirates crowd cherished the moment. But not for long. Leicester's response was resolute and instant, exposing the old familiar defensive off-switch in Arsenal's mechanics. Leicester loaded players into forward positions and when Marc Albrighton floated a cross over to the far post, the impressive Harry Maguire was more alert to the situation than any Arsenal defender. He sprinted to nod the ball back to Shinji Okazaki, whose movement was sparkier than any opponent and he finished instinctively.
Having equalised, it would have been rude of Leicester to turn down the opportunity to take the lead in the 28th minute. Mohamed Elneny and Granit Xhaka were punished for some casual passing in midfield as Albrighton pounced to carve the kind of opening that inspired Jamie Vardy to become synonymous with so many Leicester parties. The strike was smart and true.
The goal sucked the confidence out of Arsenal. Rob Holding was robbed of the ball. Leicester zoomed into another break and Okazaki was a fraction away from heading in a third. It spoke volumes of how Leicester interpreted the temperature of the game that both their centre-backs, Maguire and Wes Morgan, felt compelled to amble forward and frighten Arsenal's rearguard from open play.
The makeshift defence that Wenger pieced together, without the senior influences of Laurent Koscielny, Per Mertesacker or Shkodran Mustafi, was jittery and easily stretched. A bizarre half ended with a reprieve for the home team. After Lacazette's shot was blocked Leicester's defenders raised choreographed "offside" arms while Sead Kolasinac ambled on to poke the ball for Danny Welbeck to prod in an equaliser. The half-time whistle was greeted by bubbling chitter-chatter about the reintroduction to the inexplicable emotional strain of Premier League chaos.
It did not ease off too much after the break. Emergency action from Petr Cech, twice, to deny the onrushing Vardy and then a clever shot from Riyad Mahrez, merely delayed the seemingly inevitable. Mahrez's well-whipped corner was gobbled up by Vardy with a textbook glancing header. Set piece, simple stuff for Leicester. It was the umpteenth time one of their players had moved untracked on to an aerial ball. Wenger later tried a touch of positive spin by saying his team were good at corners last season and insisted they could work on this and iron out the kinks. Time will tell on that one.
The introduction of Giroud and Ramsey was influential, and a missed handball from Mesut Özil in the build-up to the equaliser was also helpful. Following a corner, Ramsey neatly controlled Xhaka's dinked cross with one touch and buried his shot into the far corner with the next.
Oops !!! Signs of complacency or just simple boredom ? | {
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elliptical galaxy
(ellipsoidal-shaped galaxy)
An elliptical galaxy is a galaxy with an ellipsoidal shape. It is one of three galaxy classes described by Edwin Hubble, along with spiral galaxies and lenticular galaxies. The largest galaxies are elliptical. The galaxy classification designations for elliptical galaxies are E0 through E7. The "E numbers" are based on the galaxy's observed ellipticity, i.e., one minus the ratio of the smaller observed dimension to the larger observed dimension. The E number is an integer rounding of ten times this ellipticity. Elliptical galaxies typically have older, low-mass stars, less interstellar gas and dust, and have little star formation. The colloquial phrase red and dead is used to describe them, implying a low star formation rate, and the lack of blueness, which would be a sign of little star formation since recent star formation would have produced some large, hot, thus bluish, short-lived stars that would still be shining.
A very large elliptical galaxy (giant elliptical galaxy) often resides in the center of a galaxy cluster. Many are what is termed a cD galaxy (a galaxy with a large diffuse stellar halo) cited as meaning "central dominant", but originating as a Morgan galaxy classification term: meaning an extremely large D-type galaxy (a lenticular galaxy).
At least one elliptical has been noted to have a disk-like structure within it, with the potential for some obscured star formation within.
(galaxy type) Further reading:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptical_galaxy
brightest cluster galaxy (BCG)
cosmic distance ladder
de Vaucouleurs' profile
disk galaxy
dwarf galaxy classification
Faber-Jackson relation (FJR)
fundamental plane
galaxy classification
galaxy environment
galaxy main sequence
galaxy merger
giant elliptical galaxy
hypergalaxy
irregular galaxy
Kormendy Relation
lenticular galaxy (S0)
Messier 84 (M84)
mass-to-light ratio (M/L)
Morgan classification
morphology-density relation
N galaxy
red and dead
surface brightness fluctuation (SBF)
submillimeter galaxy (SMG)
stellar dynamics | {
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My last duchess robert browning poem pdf
My Last Duchess Summary Lines The beginning note is meant to explain that the speaker of the poem is the Duke of Ferrara; this provides the reader with location (Italy) and class environment (aristocratic). In the opening lines Browning sets the scene for the poem, focusing the reader's imagination on the painting on the wall. The. tecnohispanos.com Robert Browning. My Last Duchess is probably Brownings most popular and most anthologized tecnohispanos.com Browning was born on May 7, , in Camberwell, England. His mother was an accomplished pianist and a devout evangelical Christian. His tecnohispanos.com Last Duchess is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the. Browning, Robert () - British Victorian Poet, noted for his dramatic monologues, his rejection of overly-florid language, and his mastery of psychological characterization. In he married Elizabeth Barrett and shared with her one of the world's most celebrated romances. My Last Duchess () Browning's.
My Last Duchess Robert Browning, - That's my last Duhess painted on the wall, Looking as if she were alive. I call That piee a wonder, now: Frà Pandolf's hands Worked busily a day, and there she stands. Will 't please you sit and look at her? I said 'Frà Pandolf' y design, for never read. tecnohispanos.com Robert Browning. My Last Duchess is probably Brownings most popular and most anthologized tecnohispanos.com Browning was born on May 7, , in Camberwell, England. His mother was an accomplished pianist and a devout evangelical Christian. His tecnohispanos.com Last Duchess is a poem by Robert Browning, frequently anthologised as an example of the. Robert Browning's inspiration for My Last Duchess came from the Duke and Duchess tecnohispanos.com Duchess died under very suspicious circumstances. She was married at fourteen and dead by seventeen. Browning uses these suspicious circumstances as inspiration for a poem which dives deep into the mind of a powerful Duke who wishes to control his wife in every aspect of her life, including . Probably Robert Browning's most famous (and widely studied) dramatic monologue, 'My Last Duchess' is spoken by the Duke of Ferrara, chatting away to an acquaintance (for whom we, the reader, are the stand-in) and revealing a sinister back-story lurking behind the portrait of his late wife, the Duchess. My Last Duchess - That's my last Duchess painted on the wall, That's my last Duchess painted on the wall, read this poet's poems. Robert Browning was born on May 7, , in Camberwell, England. His mother was an accomplished pianist and a devout evangelical Christian. His father, who worked as a bank clerk, was also an artist, scholar.By Robert Browning. FERRARA. That's my last Duchess painted on the wall,. Looking as if she were alive. I call. That piece a wonder, now; Fra Pandolf's hands. study Robert browning, the prominent Victorian poet, by putting on the "My Last Duchess," often considered the outstanding dramatic. Robert Browning – My Last Duchess – Summary & Analysis. My Last Du The poem is set in the Italian town Ferrara during the Renaissance period. The Duke . Complete summary of Robert Browning's My Last Duchess. Download PDF The poem first appeared in in Dramatic Lyrics, which is contained in Bells. This free PDF version is available from tecnohispanos.com © Andrew Robert Browning () was, with Alfred Lord Tennyson, one of the two most monologues (poems, like 'My Last Duchess', in which a single character speaks to the.
"My Last Duchess" by Robert Browning (read by Tom O'Bedlam), time: 3:44
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Home / Leslie's Blog / Archive by category "Wedding Locations"
Where are some great Sarasota wedding locations? Ultimate Videos provides various Sarasota Area locations that are perfect for a wedding. Whether you're planning for an outdoor wedding for 30 or a formal dinner reception for 300.
Increase the amount of time you share with loved ones by having your wedding ceremony and reception at a single location.
Enjoy this highlight video shot on location at the Ca'd"Zan Mansion and Ringling Museum of Art. | {
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What happened to The Carol Burnett Show cast?
The life span for other variety series in the 1970s rarely exceeded two seasons, and their total number had dwindled substantially from the heyday of variety shows in the 1950s. Only Carol managed to remain popular and successful. The small nucleus of her regular cast remained constant for several years, without none of her original supporting troupes leaving until 1974. Their chemistry helped hold the show together. The binding force, however,was Carol, one of television's most versatile variety performers, who could sing, dance, act, clown, and mime with equal facility.
- The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network TV Shows 1946 - Present
THE CAROL BURNETT SHOW AND ITS CAST
Along with Lucille Ball, Carol Burnett is one of the undisputed queens of American television comedy. Her classic variety show ran on CBS from 1967 until 1978. For an hour every week, the vivacious Carol and her talented cast lampooned films and TV shows. They spoofed television commercials.and performed skits. Their humour was lighthearted and breezy. Although often satirical, it was not caustic or political like that of the Smother Brothers. It was purely for laughs.
Carol's show usually began with an impromptu question and answer session with the studio audience. The cast would then perform a series of comedy sketches. At the end of the show, Carol would come on stage and sing her signature farewell song, "I'm So Glad We Had This Time Together," written by her then-husband Joe Hamilton. If time permitted, she would answer a few more questions from the audience. During the question and answer segments, there would be requests for Carol to perform her "Tarzan" impersonation
The most popular comedy sketches on The Carol Burnett Show included "Mr. Tuddball and Mrs. Wiggins" in which Burnett played a "not too bright" secretary who constantly annoyed her boss, played by Tim Conway. In a recurring skit called "The Family," Carol and Harvey Korman portrayed Eunice and Ed Higgins, a bickering couple who also fought with Eunice's bombastic "Mama" (Vicki Lawrence wearing a grey wig, glasses and a padded dress). Another popular skit was "As the Stomach Turns," a parody of soap operas.
After eleven years, Carol ended her show gracefully and with style. Her two-hour finale, "A Special Evening with Carol Burnett," was aired on March 29th, 1978, featuring past highlights and new skits. Carol Burnett sang 'I'm So Glad We Had This Time Together' and tugged her earlobe for the final time (a gesture she used to pay tribute to her grandmother who who passed away on March 7, 1967). In the closing moments of the show, Carol, dressed as her trademark charwoman, sat backstage waving goodbye to staff and cast. Harvey Korman, who was a guest on the last show, came by and gave her a kiss.
In the summer of 1979, four episodes of Carol Burnett & Company were produced by ABC. The comedy-variety show ran weekly from August 18 to September 8, 1979. Vicki Lawrence and Tim Conway were once again part of Carol's cast, along with actor Craig Richard Nelson and comedian Kenneth Mars.
Below are photos of the cast of The Carol Burnett Show in 1967 (the show's first season) and a decade late. On the left are cast members in 1967 (clockwise from the bottom): Burnett, Harvey Korman, Vicki Lawrence, and Lyle Waggoner, on the right, the 1977 cast: Burnett, Tim Conway, Vicki Lawrence and Harvey Korman.
CAROL BURNETT
Carol in 1974
Carol Creighton Burnett was born in San Antonio, Texas on April 26, 1933 to Joseph Thomas "Jody" Burnett, a movie theatre manager, and Louise (née Creighton) Burnett, a publicity writer for film studios. Her early childhood was difficult as her parents were alcoholics who struggled financially. After they divorced, Carol was raised by her beloved maternal grandmother, Mabel Eudora Jones White in a boarding house in Hollywood. California. Carol and her grandmother shared a great interest in the movies of Hollywood's "Golden Age."
Mabel E. White
In 1951, Carol graduated from Hollywood High School. She had planned to study journalism at the University of California in Los Angeles, but switched her focus to theatre and English instead. With the intention of becoming a playwright, she entered the UCLA School of Theater, Film and Television. While at UCLA, Carol performed in campus productions in which her comedic and singing talents brought her increasing recognition. In 1954, she and her boyfriend,(future husband Don Saroyan) left college to pursue acting careers in New York City.
At first, Carol had difficulty finding acting jobs in New York and worked as a coat check attendant. Then, in 1955, the aspiring actress was cast as the girlfriend of a ventriloquist's dummy on the popular children's program The Paul Winchell and Jerry Mahoney Show. Carol's stint on the children's show led to a role opposite Buddy Hackett in the short-lived sitcom, Stanley, from 1956 to 1957. She played Hacket's gawky girlfriend, Celia, in the series.
In 1959, Carol Burnett became a regular on Garry Moore's variety show. That same year, she received rave reviews for her performance in the Broadway musical Once Upon a Mattress. Carol left The Garry Moore Show in 1962 to pursue new opportunities in film, theatre and television. She signed a ten-year contract with CBS and the network paired her with Julie Andrews in an Emmy-winning special .entitled Julie and Carol at Carnegie Hall. It was broadcast on June 11, 1962.
Carol with Garry Moore (Left) and Durward Kirby, 1961
During the early 1960s, Carol guest-starred on an episode of the The Twilight Zone. entitled "Cavender is Coming" (Season 3, Episode 36, Air Date: My 25, 1962) in which she played a woman who is helped by a bumbling guardian angel. She also played the lead role in Calamity Jane, a 90-minute television movie that aired on November 12, 1963.
In the mid-1960s, Carol became acquainted with Lucille Ball when Lucy guest-starred on her successful 1966 CBS special Carol + 2, along with actor and comedian Zero Mostel. Carol returned the favour by appearing in two episodes of The Lucy Show, one which aired in 1966 and the other in 1967. She also appeared in three episodes of a later Lucille Ball sitcom called Here's Lucy. Despite the difference in their ages, the two red-heads developed a friendship that lasted until Lucy's death in 1989.
By 1967, Carol Burnett was such a popular entertainer that CBS wanted to give her a sitcom of her own. The network, though, was reluctant about having a woman headline a variety show, even one as talented as Carol (female TV variety show hosts were rare back then). Carol, however, took advantage of a stipulation in her contract that allowed her to do a one-hour variety show. In an October, 2000 Los Angeles Times interview, Burnett told entertainment writer Susan King that when she and then-husband Joe Hamilton phoned CBS executives to discuss the matter, they said "'Carol, it would be better if you did a sitcom.' I said, 'Variety is all I know and all I want to do - I love the music, the guest stars. This is what I know and what I love.' So they had to put it on."
Now 82 years old, Burnett remains active. Her most recent television credits include roles in (Desperate Housewives (2006), Law and Order: Special Victims Unit (2009), Glee (2010) and two episodes of Hot in Cleveland (2013) (2015), In 2014, she appeared on Broadway with Brian Dennehy in a limited-engagement run of A.R. Gurney's Love Letters. She has also been the recipient of many prestigious awards. In 2005, she received the Presidential Medal of Freedom. In 2013, she was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor.
Carol Burnett has been married three times. On December 15, 1955, she wed her college sweetheart, Don Saroyan. They divorced in 1962. On May 4, 1963, she wed television producer Joe Hamilton, a father of eight children from his previous marriage to Gloria Hartley. It was Hamilton who directed Carol's 1962 Carnegie Hall concert. He was also the executive producer of The Carol Burnett Show
Carol's marriage to Joe Hamilton lasted until 1984 and produced three daughters: Carrie (born December 5, 1963), Jody (born January 18, 1967) and Erin (born August 14, 1968). Carrie Hamilton, the oldest daughter, died on January 20, 2002, of lung and brain cancer at the age of 38. She was an actress and singer. The youngest daughter, 47- year-old Erin Hamilton, is a singer too.
Carol was devastated by Carrie's death. In 2013, she published a memoir titled Carrie and Me: A Mother-Daughter Love Story. The book deals with Carries's struggles with drug addiction and her courageous battle with cancer.
On November 24, 2001, Carol married Brian Miller, a man over 20 years her junior. He is the principal drummer in and contractor of the Hollywood Bowl orchestra.
Carol with husband Brian Miller
VICKI LAWRENCE
Vicki Lawrence was born Victoria Ann Axelrad on March 26, 1949 in Inglewood, California, the daughter of AnneAlene (née Loyd) and Howard Axelrad, a certified public accountant for Max Factor cosmetics. Her family's name was changed to Lawrence when she was a youngster. During her high school years, she was a cheerleader and sang with a musical group called the Young Americans.
Vicki's life changed dramatically when, at the urging of her mother, she sent a fan letter to Carol Burnett. The letter included a local news article about how much the two resembled each other and and invited Carol to attend the local fire department's "Miss Fireball of Inglewood" contest in which Vicki was scheduled to perform. As fate would have it, Carol was then searching for someone who could play her kid sister on her upcoming variety show. She attended the event and decided that Vicki should portray her younger sibling.
In the fall of 1967, 18-year-old Vicki Lawrence made her debut on the first episode of The Carol Burnett Show. With Burnett and castmate Harvey Korman as her mentors, Vicki's career really took off, She remained with the show until its last episode in 1978, winning an Emmy Award for her work on the series and multiple Golden Globe nominations.
When The Carol Burnett Show ended its run, Vicki starred in her own television series, Mama's Family, based on a recurring comedy sketch on Carol's show called "The Family." She portrayed Thelma Harper, better known as Mama, her popular character from the skit. Mama's Family aired on NBC from January of 1983 until April of 1984. Its co-stars included Ken Berry, Dorothy Lyman, and Rue McClanahan. Carol Burnett portrayed Eunice in some episodes of the series and other guest stars included Betty White and Harvey Korman.
Vicki Lawrence as Mama
Through the years,Vicki Lawrence has made appearances on numerous television series including multiple episodes of Laverne and Shirley and Murder, She Wrote. She also appeared on Roseanne (1993), Burke's Law (1995), Diagnosis Murder (1996) and Ally McBeal (1999). From 2001 to 2005, Vicki had a recurring role as Natalie Warner in the comedy Yes, Dear alongside her Carol Burnett Show castmate, Tim Conway, who played Tom Warner. From 2006 until 2011, she played Grandma Stewart/Manaw Ruthue on the Hannah Montana TV series. Vicki continues to make TV guest appearances in her renowned "Mama/Thelma Harper role. On February 5. 2013, she portrayed the character in a sketch for Betty White's 2nd Annual 90th Birthday.
Vicki Lawrence has been married twice. Her first husband was country singer/songwriter Bobby Russell, to whom she was wed from 1972 to 1974 (It was he who composed "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia). Sadly, Russell died of heart disease at the age of 52 in Kentucky.
On November 16, 1974, Vicki Lawrence married her second husband, Hollywood make-up artist Al Schultz. The couple has two children, a daughter named Courtney Allison Schultz (born May 5, 1975), and a son named Garrett Lawrence Schultz (born July 3, 1977).
Lyle Wesley Waggoner was born in Kansas City, Kansas on April 13, 1935, the son of Marie and Myron Waggoner. He appeared as an announcer and performer on The Carol Burnett Show from 1967 to 1974. At six feet, four inches tall (1.93 metres) and classically handsome with a resonant speaking voice, he often played the role of a "shallow cad" or an "arrogant golden boy" on the show.
Prior to joining the Burnett ensemble, Lyle was a finalist for the part of Batman/Bruce Wayne in the classic Batman television series (1966-1968). He had a screen test for the role, but lost out to Adam West. Such is fate, however, because if he had won the part, he would not have been able to join the cast of The Carol Burnett Show in 1967.
After seven seasons on Carol's show, Lyle decided to try to launch a solo career. Not long after his departure, he landed a role on the comic-strip based Wonder Woman series. From 1975 to 1979, he portrayed Major Steven Trevor and Colonel Steven Trevor, Jr. alongside Lynda Carter as Wonder Woman.
Lyle with Lynda Carter in Wonder Woman
In 1976, Lyle Waggoner was elected mayor of Encino, California. In 1979, he started a business called "Star Waggons" which provides film and television companies with studio location rental trailers.
During the 1980s, Lyle appeared in episodes of such TV shows as Happy Days (1980) (1984), Simon & Simon (1986) and Murder, She Wrote (1984). During the 1990s, he appeared in two more episodes of Murder, She Wrote (1991) (1993), Burke's Law (1995), Ellen (1996) and Love Boat: The Next Wave (1999). To date, his most recent role on a television series was a 2005 episode of the comedy The War at Home entitled "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" (Season 1, Episode 10, Air Date: December 18, 2005).
Lyle has been married to Sharon Kennedy, an actress, financial consultant and realtor since September 17, 1960 (some sources state that they wed in 1961). Their marriage has lasted for well over 50 years and they have two sons, Jason and Beau. This past April, Lyle Waggoner celebrated his 80th birthday.
Lyle and Sharon Waggoner
HARVEY KORMAN
Harvey Herschel Korman passed away on May 29, 2008. The American comic actor was 81 years old when he died in Los Angeles of complications from a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm he had suffered four months earlier.
Born February, 15, 1927 in Chicago, Illinois, Harvey first made his mark on television as a second banana on The Danny Kaye Show. He joined the show in its second season in 1964, appearing in skits with Kaye. He remained with the series until it was cancelled in 1967. The lanky, talented comedian was then cast as a regular on The Carol Burnett Show.
Harvey Korman appeared on the Burnett show until the spring of 1977,when he decided to leave to pursue other projects. Unfortunately, Harvey never repeated the success he had had on The Carol Burnett Show. His half-hour ABC sitcom, The Harvey Korman Show, was short-lived. It was cancelled after only six episodes due to low ratings.
Meanwhile, Korman's departure from Carol's show created a void which was very difficult to fill. Dick Van Dyke was chosen to replace him, but the chemistry just wasn't there. Three months later, a dissatisfied Van Dyke made an abrupt departure. Regular guest stars Steve Lawrence and Ken Berry were summoned to take his place in what turned out to be the show's final season.
In 1981, Harvey reunited with Tim Conway, his former co-star on The Carol Burnett Show, joining the cast of Conway's 1981-1982 variety series, The Tim Conway Show. The two comedians later toured together, performing skits from the show and other material.
Harvey Korman's most noteworthy film role was in Mel Brooks' 1974 Western satire, Blazing Saddles. He played the role of the strangely bizarre Hedley Lamarr (who was constantly frustrated when people called him Hedy). "A world without Harvey Kormaan - it's a more serious world," Brooks told the Associated Press (AP) at the time of Harvey's death. "It was very dangerous for me to work with him because if our eyes met we'd crash to floor in comic ecstasy. It was comedy heaven to make Harvey Korman laugh."
Harvey was married twice. He wed his first wife Donna Ehlert in 1960 and they had two children, Maria and Christopher. The marriage lasted until 1977. In 1982, he wed Deborah Korman (née Fritz). They raised two daughters, Kate and Laura Korman, and remained together until Harvey's death.
TIM CONWAY
Thomas Daniel "Tim" Conway was born December 15, 1933 in Willloughby, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. He earned his college degree in speech and radio from Bowling Green State University. After graduating, he joined the United States Army.
Tim has worked in television since the 1950s when he was employed at a Cleveland TV station. His first big break occurred in 1960 when he was hired by The Steve Allen Show after comedienne Rose Marie arranged for him to have an audition. In order to avoid confusion with British actor Tom Conway, he changed his first name to "Tim."
From 1962 until 1966, Tim Conway portrayed Ensign Charles Parker in McHales's Navy, a TV comedy about a PT Boat crew during World War II. The highly successful series starred Ernest Borgnine as Lt. Commander Quinton McHale and also featured Joe Flynn.as Captain Walter B. Binghampton.
In 1967, Tim took on the role of an inept Texas Ranger in the short-lived Western comedy Rango. In 1970, he starred in another 30 minute sitcom called The Tim Conway Show, in which he played the only pilot of a single-plane charter airline. His co-star was Joe Flynn from his McHale's Navy days. The series, however, was not well-received and only lasted 12 episodes.
Tim first met Carol when she was a regular on the The Garry Moore Show. At the time, he was an up-and-coming comedian and he was doing a stint on Moore's Sunday evening variety show. When he saw Carol, he thought "she was a scream."
Although Tim had made frequent guest appearances on The Carol Burnett Show since its first season in 1967, he did not became a regular until the start of the 1975-1976 season, filling the void left by the departure of Lyle Waggoner.
"All of a sudden in the ninth season of the show, we said why don't we have Tim on every week?" Burnett told the Los Angeles Times in a 2010 interview with her and Conway, "He was already on about every other week. It was like 'duh." For his part, Tim responded, "This lady is responsible for my career."
The funnyman's ability to ad lib jokes and his comical facial expressions made the rest of the cast crack up on air, especially his colleague Harvey Korman. Korman and Conway worked comedy magic together. One of the most popular sketches from The Carol Burnett Show was the one in which Tim played a dentist who kept shooting himself with Novocain while Harvey was in the chair.
Tim and Harvey's dentist routine
Tim Conway received four Emmy Awards for his work as a writer and performer on The Carol Burnett Show. He also won Emmys for his guest appearances in a 1996 episode of Coach entitled "The Gardener" and a 2008 episode of 30 Rock entitled "Subway Hero." In the Coach episode, he played Coach Hayden Fox's (Craig T. Nelson) unconventional gardener, Kenny Montague. He reprised his role as Montague in another Coach episode.
In more recent years, Tim has appeared in episodes of Mike & Molly (2013). Two and a Half Men (2014) and Glee (2014). He has done some voice work too. From 1999 until 2012, he voiced the character of Barnacle Boy in the SpongeBob SquarePants animated TV series. He also provided the voice for Mulch in Dragons: Riders of Berk from 2012 to 2013.
Tim Conway has been married twice. From 1961 until 1978, he was married to Mary Anne Dalton and they had six children together: a daughter, Kelly Ann Conway (born July, 1962) and five sons, Tim Conway, Jr. (born October 13, 1963), Patrick Conway (born December, 1964), Jaime "Jake" Conway (born September 1966), Corey Conway (born November 1968) and Seann Conway (born August 1970). Tim and his second wife, Charlene Fusco, were wed on May 18, 1984.
Tim's eldest son, Tim Conway, Jr., is a radio host at KFI AM 640 Los Angeles. He has a nightly talk show on the popular news/talk station. According to the blurb on Tim, Jr. on KFI AM's website, "Dad guests guests regularly on the younger Conway's radio program and recently told his son, Comedy is in your blood...too bad it's not on your show.'" Thoroughbred horse racing is also in their blood as both Tim Sr. and Tim Jr. are fans of the sport. The elder Conway co-founded Don MacBeth Memorial Jockey Fund to support injured and disabled jockeys.
Tim Conway Jr,
* The very first guest host on The Carol Burnett Show was actor/singer Jim Nabors, At the time, Jim, a close friend of Carol's, was starring in the hit comedy Gomer Pyle, USMC Carrol regarded him as her good luck charm and he was a guest on every season opener for the next ten years. (Note: Burnett appeared in two episodes of Gomer Pyle, USMC, "Corporal Carol" in 1967 and "Showtime with Sgt. Carol" in 1969).
* In addition to Carrie and Me (2013), Carol Burnett is the author of two other memoirs: One More Time (1986) and This Time Together: Laughter and Reflection (2010),
* During the 1965-1966 season of The Flintstones (its final season on network television), Harvey Korman provided the voice for The Great Gazoo, a tiny, helmeted, green alien.
* In 1981, Carol Burnett made headlines when she won a landmark legal case against the National Enquirer over a story implying that while in a drunken state, she had argued with then-Secretary of State Henry Kissinger at a Georgetown, Washington, D.C. restaurant. The case was appealed and eventually settled out of court.
* From 1996 until 1999, Carol had a recurring role as Theresa Stemple, the mother of Helen Hunt's character's on the TV comedy Mad About You. Carroll O'Connor, Archie Bunker himself, played Theresa's husband, Gus Stemple.
* Carol was a long-time fan of the daytime soap All My Children, which ABC cancelled in 2011. She made appearances on the show as Verla Grubbs in 1983, 1995 and 2011.
* From February 1972 to August 1973, Lyle Waggoner hosted a game show called It's Your Bet. The show aired in syndication, mainly on NBC stations.
* Tim Conway has written an autobiography called What's So Funny: My Hilarious Life. It was on the New York Times best seller list for ten weeks. The book has a forward by Carol Burnett.
* From 1999 to 2012, Tim Conway provided the voice for "Barnacle Boy" in 14 episodes of the SpongeBob Square Pants animated television series.
* Joe Hamilton, Carol's second husband, died of cancer on June 9, 1991.
* In 1973 Vicki Lawrence had a hit song with "The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia" and was awarded a gold record.
EDITOR'S UPDATE (May, 14, 2019): Tim Conway passed away in Los Angeles today, May 14, 2019. He was 85 years old at the time of his death. Talk show host and comedian Conan O'Brien tweeted the following: "When I was a kid watching "The Carol Burnett Show," no one made me laugh harder than Tim Conway. What a sweet and effortlessly funny man." Carol Burnett made the following statement shortly after Tim's passing: "I'm heartbroken. He was one in a million, not only as a brilliant comedian but as a loving human being. I cherish the times we had together both on the screen and off. He'll be in my heart forever."
EDITOR'S UPDATE (March 18, 2020): Lyle Waggoner died on March 17, 2020 at his home in Westlake Village, California. He was 84 years old.
Posted by Joanne at 5:51 PM
My name is Christopher Korman check out the book by Wesley Hyatt about the Burnett Show and Stu Shostak to hear tributes to the Burnett Show and Harvey Korman my father.Next week I will be on Tv Confidential with Ed Robertson a radio show.
http://www.stusshow.com/archives.php
http://www.tvconfidential.net/schedule
Joanne April 21, 2016 at 6:46 AM
Thanks for writing, Christopher. I hope readers will check out the book by Wesley Hyatt for tributes to The Carol Burnett Show and your father, Harvey Korman. It's called The Carol Burnett Show Companion: So Glad We Had This Time. I also hope they will listen to you this week on TV Confidential, hosted by Ed Robertson, a radio talk show about television.
SapphireLady March 29, 2017 at 12:11 AM
Hello Joanne
Thanks so mich for the article. i enjoyed reading it!!
I always wondered about the extras on the show. They were a group of young ppl. In one skit with the kitchen commercials they did a parody of the "Doublement will do it" gum commercial. They played on the show a lot.
I caanot find any info on any of them.
I love the Carol Burnette Show. We would watch it every week. I especially liked the skits with Tim Conway. My favorite is " The Interrogator" where he finally cracks Lyle Waggoner up.
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Same problem here I don't know what to write.
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I'm telecommunication engineer, at the movement working for car trading company and an other job part time. I'm belong to educated family. My family live in Karachi. I live alone here. I'm ready to take my responsibilities. I don't mind divorced but without kid.
i am looking for nice muslims girls. Respectable, honest, caring. She should know her responsibility. No special requirements. No one is perfect. | {
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In case you weren't already starting to get all worked up over Fashion Week, check out this movie trailer for The Tents, directed by James Belzer with cinematographer Marcus K. Jones. Comprised of footage old and new, and interviews with fashion icons big and bigger, the documentary chronicles Bryant Park's swan song year and the stages pedestals we build to ogle fashion. As Stefano Tonchi puts it, "what we're selling is a dream, not a garment," and, indeed, the film applies a bit of a dreaminess into what could otherwise be the nightmare of heels, traffic, and models tripping. Of course, being a real-life story and all, the doc shows the gritty parts, too— like when, for instance, the lights go off in the middle of a show, or, that time a piece of plaster hit Suzy Menkes on the head. We admit it— we're getting a bit misty-eyed. Or maybe we're just itching to get back to our "utopian village where everyone wears cute shoes," .... well, almost everyone. | {
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2007-03-22 Assigned to SPANSION INC. reassignment SPANSION INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES, INC.
2007-03-27 Assigned to SPANSION LLC reassignment SPANSION LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPANSION INC.
A virtual ground array based flash memory device includes a virtual ground array containing individual memory elements with supporting input/output circuitry. The input/output circuitry contains circuitry for addressing the memory elements as well as transferring data to and from the array, reference circuitry, and comparison circuitry. During sensing, the drains of selected memory elements in the virtual ground array are set to a specific voltage level while the sources of the selected memory elements are used as the sense outputs. The direct current output of one of the selected memory elements is transformed into a voltage and compared to a reference voltage. The direct current from the memory element is then determined by the output of the comparator. The present arrangement and method of sensing from the source side of selected memory elements in the virtual ground array both saves time and conserves power. Further, by using direct current from selected memory elements, a safe and efficient means of sensing is achieved.
This application is based on Provisional Application Serial No. 60/178,604 filed Jan. 28, 2000, which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to the field of flash memory devices. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus and method of direct current sensing from the source side of a virtual ground array.
The overall array architecture for a typical virtual ground array based flash memory device includes a virtual ground array accessed by a set of row decoders and a set of column decoders/multiplexors. The virtual ground array contains information stored in individual memory elements. The right and left row/word-line decoders are used to access specific memory rows within each memory block and the column decoder/multiplexor provides the input and output circuitry for each memory element.
The architecture of a virtual ground array comprises both individual memory elements and select gates. The memory elements are embodied in non-volatile transistors that may be programmed to a logic state of 0, 1, or other states depending on the particular type of transistor and programming used. The select gates are embodied in normal MOSFETs. Selectable word lines address both the control gates of the transistors that comprise the individual memory elements and select gates in the virtual ground array. Sets of memory elements are connected in series along each word line. The select gates are connected in pairs that are coupled to alternate select gate address lines. The pairs of select gates are connected with pairs of memory elements and a global bitline. A set of multiplexors control the columns that are connected to the external circuitry, such as the sensing circuitry and data-in path. The multiplexors are controlled by a set of column address decoders. Thus the decoders and multiplexors regulate the flow of data into and out of the virtual ground array.
Sensing using the drain side of the virtual ground array has a number of disadvantages. The main disadvantage of drain side sensing is that all the other bitlines connected with memory elements on the drain side not being sensed must be precharged to the drain voltage or higher before the sensing routine commences. Precharging the bitlines, in this case, wastes both time and power. Time is necessary to initiate, perform, and verify the precharging sequence when sensing from the drain side. Excess power is consumed in each of the precharge steps as well, for example decreasing battery lifetime for any portable electronics unit using the virtual ground array. A safe and accurate sensing scheme is needed that does not use sensing from the drain side of the virtual ground array.
In view of the above, an apparatus and method of direct current sensing from the source side of a virtual ground array is provided.
A first aspect of the present invention is directed towards an apparatus of direct current sensing from the source side of a virtual ground array. The virtual ground array contains memory elements, of which each memory element has a source and a drain. A set of memory elements is selected from the virtual ground array and the drains are biased to the same potential. A comparison circuit is used to compare the direct current obtained from the source of a selected memory element in the virtual ground array with the output from a reference circuit. The direct current from the selected memory element is determined by the output of the comparator.
The comparison circuit comprises both a sense load and a reference load. The sense load transforms the direct current provided from the selected memory element into a sense voltage. Similarly, the reference load transforms a current provided from the reference circuit into a reference voltage. The sense and reference voltages are inputted to the comparator. The reference load and the sense load may have the same resistance values or may have different resistance values. If the resistance values are different, a sense ratio is created. The sense load may be variable and, if so, controls the sense margin for different operating states (erase, program, read) of the selected memory element.
The virtual ground array comprises select gates that are selectable by select lines. In addition, memory elements are selectable by individual word lines and at least two of the select gates. Local bitlines connect the select gates with the memory elements and global bitlines connect the select gates with the comparator. The memory elements are disposed along each word line and arranged in series along the word line. The virtual ground array is arranged in pairs of select gates and memory elements. Pairs of select gates are connected with partially overlapping pairs of memory elements. At least one multiplexor is connected between the virtual ground array and the comparator.
Another aspect of the invention is directed towards a method of direct current sensing from the source side of a virtual ground array. The method comprises a step of selecting a set of memory elements having a source and a drain contained in the virtual ground array. The direct current from the source of a selected memory element is compared with a reference output from a reference circuit via a comparator. The direct current from a selected memory element is determined using the output of the comparator.
The direct current is transformed into a sense voltage via a sense load, which is subsequently inputted to the comparator. A reference current is transformed into a reference voltage via a reference load, creating the reference output, which is subsequently inputted to the comparator. A variable sense load controls the sense margin different operating states (erase, program, read) of the selected memory element.
The virtual ground array used in the sensing method comprises select gates that are selectable by select lines. In addition, memory elements are selectable by individual word lines and at least two of the select gates. Local bitlines connect the select gates with the memory elements and global bitlines connect the select gates with the comparator. The memory elements are disposed along each word line and arranged in series along the word line. The virtual ground array is arranged in pairs of select gates and memory elements. Pairs of select gates are connected with partially overlapping pairs of memory elements.
The direct current of one of the selected set of memory elements in the virtual ground array is selected by at least one multiplexor. The multiplexors are connected between the virtual ground array and the comparator.
It is therefore a primary advantage of the present invention to achieve an effective, safe, and simple sensing approach from the source side for a virtual ground array by use of an apparatus or method of sensing direct current. The following figures and detailed description of the preferred embodiments will more clearly demonstrate these and other objects and advantages of the invention.
FIG. 1A depicts an individual memory element during a program operation.
FIG. 1B depicts an individual memory element during an erase operation.
FIG. 1C depicts an individual memory element during a read operation.
FIG. 2 shows the overall architecture of the direct current sensing apparatus according to the invention.
FIG. 3 depicts the architecture of a virtual ground array.
FIG. 4 shows the architecture of a sensing transfer circuit according to the invention.
The arrangement of the present invention includes essential nonvolatile memory elements. Individual memory elements can undergo three distinct operations, which are shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1C. The three operations are Program, shown in FIG. 1A, Erase, shown in FIG. 1B, and Read, shown in FIG. 1C, and are described below. The following discussions will be limited to n-channel nitride-based non-volatile memory elements. Those ordinarily skilled in the art will appreciate that the basic operations described herein can be applied to a number of non-volatile memory elements, such as standard floating gate technology or multi-bit/cell non-volatile memory elements in which four states can be programmed. Multi-bit/cell memory elements may be fabricated with an oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO) layer sandwich instead of a poly floating gate layer.
The structure of the memory element 100 is well known in the art: a set of n-type semiconductor junctions comprising the source 110 and drain 120 are disposed within a p-type semiconductor well 125. The memory element 100 further includes a control gate 130 and a floating gate 140. The gates 130, 140 are conventionally formed from polysilicon deposited and patterned on the surface of the substrate, although the floating gate 140 may alternately be formed from a nitride layer. The gates 130, 140 are formed such that an oxide is formed on part of the substrate with the floating gate 140 formed above the oxide. The control gate 130 is formed above the floating gate 140 and isolated from the floating gate 140 by a second oxide. Control signals are applied to the control gate 130.
During the program operation, as shown in FIG. 1A, the drain 120 is connected with Vss (usually ground) while the source 110 of the memory element 100 is connected with a large voltage, usually >4V. The threshold voltage of the MOSFET may either be a positive or negative voltage which, when exceeded, causes a channel 150 of electrons 160 to exist in the p-type semiconductor well 125. For the case of a negative threshold voltage, the channel 150 exists when the gate 130 is set to Vss in an erased state. The channel 150 is disposed between the source 110 and drain 120 of the memory element 100. A large positive voltage is applied to the control gate 130, which causes electrons 160 to be trapped onto the nitride layer 140 via hot electron injection. The threshold voltage of the transistor is increased if electrons are trapped on the nitride layer 140. The electrons trapped on the nitride layer are usually trapped and immobilized near the source of the electrons, unlike standard floating gate technology, in which a nitride layer is not used and the trapped electrons are mobile along the floating gate.
During the erase operation, as shown in FIG. 1B, the source 110 and the drain 120 of the memory element 100 are set to a moderate voltage, usually 5-6V, while the control gate 130 is set to a moderate negative voltage, usually −5V. As a consequence, the electrons 160 trapped on the floating gate 140 enter the p-type semiconductor well 125 via Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. The threshold voltage thus ideally reverts to the original, unprogrammed threshold voltage of the transistor. Normally, a number of memory elements in a block (for example, the entire virtual ground array or only a sector of, say 512K) will be erased at the same time.
During the read operation, as shown in FIG. 1C, the source 110 of the memory element 100 is connected with Vss, which may be supplied by a bitline, while the drain is connected with a different bitline. The voltage applied to the control gate 130 of the memory element 100 is between the threshold voltage of memory elements that have been erased and memory elements that have been programmed. In one method, a moderate voltage sufficient to turn both an erased and programmed memory element on (say 4V), may be applied to the control gate 130 during a verification or read operation. The current flowing from an erased memory element will be greater than that flowing from a programmed memory element. The current flowing from the memory element 100 may thus be compared to a reference current (which may be set anywhere between that of an erased and programmed memory element). Another method entails, for threshold voltages of erased and programmed memory element of 1V and 3V respectively, applying an intermediate bias of 2V to the control gate 130. In this case, the memory element 100 will be either on or off depending on whether erased or programmed.
The overall system architecture associated with the virtual ground array is shown in FIG. 2. A comparator 260 is used to compare the output from a selected memory element contained in the memory arrangement 215 with the output from a reference circuit 245. The state of the selected memory element is obtained from the output 275 of the comparator. The reference circuit 245 contains a reference current source 240 and a reference current-to-voltage circuit 250 for transforming the reference current into a reference voltage 255. The memory arrangement 215 contains a virtual ground array 200 that includes selectable memory elements. A decoding system in the memory arrangement 215 is composed of multiplexor/decoder combinations 210 for both bitlines (columns in the virtual ground array) and word lines (rows in the virtual ground array). The output from the multiplexors/decoders 210 is one of the sensing currents from the selected memory elements. The memory arrangement 215 additionally contains a sense current-to-voltage circuit 230 that transforms the sensing current into a sensing voltage on node 265. The reference voltage on node 255 and the sensing voltage on node 265 are input to the comparator 260. The individual elements of the system are described below.
The placement of the ground in the virtual ground array 200, Vss, may be changed to different sets of nodes, unlike a typical NOR architecture in which Vss is dedicated. Of course, Vss can be an arbitrary voltage rather than ground, which alters the other applied voltages necessary for operation. This is to say that one side of a specific set of non-volatile memory elements contained in the virtual ground array may be held at a predetermined potential during an operation performed on that set of memory elements. After the operation finishes, one side of a different set of non-volatile memory elements may be held at a different (or the same) preset potential during the next operation cycle. The virtual ground array itself contains an array of memory elements arranged along intersecting word lines and bitlines.
A section of the architecture of the virtual ground array of the present invention is shown in FIG. 3. The virtual ground array contains memory elements 350-363, select gates 340-347, and lines of communication 300-303, 310-311, 320-323, 330-336 that provide access to the memory elements 350-363 and select gates 340-347. The lines of communication 300-339 are divided up into row lines 300-303, 310-311 and column lines 320-323, 330-336. The row lines consist of word lines 310, 311 that address memory elements 350-363 and select gate lines 300-303 that address the select gates 340-347. The column lines 320-323, 330-336, or bitlines, consist of both global bitlines 320-323, which are connected between the select gates 340-347 and external elements such as the decoders and multiplexors 210, and local bitlines 330-336, which are connected between the select gates 340-347 and the memory elements 350-363.
In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the global bitlines 320-323 are fabricated using a metal, such as aluminum, gold, or any other metal, alloy, or combination of metals known in the art. The local bitlines 330—336 are fabricated by diffusion of high levels of impurities into the silicon substrate 105 near the location where the memory elements 350-363 and select gates 340-347 are formed. One reason behind using diffusion as local bitlines between memory elements and select gates is that, as die sizes of the overall system architecture shrink and the number of memory elements continues to increase, conservation of real estate on a chip containing the architecture becomes increasingly important. The bitlines formed by diffusion save space as, not only does the virtual ground array not need contacts, but also the local bitlines serve as the source and drain nodes of the virtual ground array. By using diffusion to form local bitlines in the array a small, tight, and contact-less architecture can be fabricated.
As illustrated in FIG. 3, the virtual ground array is arranged such that there are four select gate lines 300-303 and two word lines 310, 311. Usually, the virtual ground array can contain any number of word lines, for example 128 word lines. Each word line has a plurality of memory elements 350-363 arranged in a series such that the source of one memory element 352 is connected with the drain of the next memory element 353. The word lines 310, 311 are connected with the control gate of the memory elements associated with the particular word line. Similarly, the select gate lines 300—303 are connected with the control gates of the select gates 340-347 associated with the particular select gate line. The memory elements contain data i.e. the state of the memory element under certain bias conditions applied to the control gate whether the memory element is programmed or erased.
Pairs of select gates are used to select a particular memory element in order to access the data contained therein. In FIG. 3, the select gate lines are divided into two pairs of select gate lines and the pairs of select gates are connected with one or the other of these pairs of select gate lines. One select gate contained in a pair of select gates is connected with one of the associated pair of select gate lines, while the other select gate contained in the pair is connected with the other select gate line. Each pair of select gates is connected with a set of pairs of memory elements by a pair of local bitlines. Each pair of the set of pairs of memory elements is disposed along a unique word line. The pairs of select gates are connected with the sets of pairs memory elements as follows: pairs of select gates connected with one pair of select gate lines are interleaved with pairs of select gates connected with the other pair of select gate lines.
Thus, as in FIG. 3, a first memory element 351 disposed along a word line 310 is connected between a first and second select gate 340, 344 by a first and second local bitline 330, 334. These select gates 340, 344 are connected with a first and second select gate line 301, 302 contained in two different pairs of select gates. A second memory element 352, adjacent to the first memory element 351, is connected between the second select gate 344 and a third select gate 341. The third select gate 341 is connected with the second memory element 352 by a third bitline 331. The third select gate 341 is connected with the first select gate 340 and a third select gate line 300. The first and third select gates 340, 341 define a first pair of select gates. A third memory element 353 is connected between the third select gate 341 and a fourth select gate 345. The fourth select gate 345 is connected with the third memory element 353 by a fourth bitline 335. The fourth select gate 345 is connected with the second select gate 344 and a fourth select gate line 303. The second and fourth select gates 344, 345 define a second pair of select gates. Thus, the first and second pair of select gates are interleaved along the word line 310.
As mentioned, specific sets of memory elements may be held at different predetermined voltages during different operation cycles. For example, to perform a read on a particular memory element 352, two select gates 341, 344 have voltages sufficient to turn them on supplied to them by two select gate lines 300, 302. One of the global bitlines 322 associated with one of the select gates 302 is held at the supply voltage, consequently setting the voltage at the drain of the memory element 352 being read via the local bitline 334. The word line 310 associated with the memory element 352 supplies the memory element 352 with the read voltage. The data is provided along the local bitline 331 through the select gate 341 to external elements (not shown) via the global bitline 320. Thus, the global bitline 320 contains output data in the form of the amount of sensing current from the selected memory element 352.
As an example, the global bitline associated with the selected memory element is biased to the supply voltage. The select gate voltage is tied to some analog level and the actual drain voltage of the selected memory element is equal to the select gate voltage minus the threshold voltage. Thus, for example, a global bitline connected with the drain of the select gate is set to about 3V. If the voltage applied to the gate of the select gate is about 2½V and the normal threshold voltage of the select gate is about 1V, the drain voltage of the selected memory element is around 1½ volts. The source voltage of the selected memory element is usually close to ground.
The sensing current is selected by the decoders/multiplexors 210 of FIG. 2 and subsequently passed to the sense current-to-voltage circuit 230 to produce the sensing voltage 265. Only one valid sensing current per output will exist because only one pair of global bitlines per output is selected, i.e. the other bitlines will float and thus no current path will exist for the other bits. In addition, a plurality of multiplexors and column decoders are necessary if there is a large number of active global bitlines to decode. Column decoders decode external addresses to produce signals that decode the bitline multiplexor. Thus, for the virtual ground array, the decoders and multiplexor must select two bitlines for every address. As described above, one of the bitlines associated with the address serves as the source and one of the bitlines associated with the address serves as the drain. However, in applications where a byte or word is read at one time, multiple pairs of memory elements may be selected for each address.
FIG. 4 depicts the architecture of the sense current-to-voltage circuit 230. The sensing current is tied to the drain of an output-activation transistor 400. The source of the output-activation transistor 400 is tied to an optional resistor 420. A bypass transistor 410 is used to vary the resistance necessary to transform the sensing current into a voltage. A set resistance 430 is connected between ground and the source of the bypass transistor 410. When the bypass transistor 410 is off, the sensing current flows through both an optional resistor 420 connected between the source and drain of the bypass transistor 410 and the set resistance 430. When the bypass transistor 410 is on, the sensing current bypasses the optional resistor 420 and only flows though the set resistance 430. The sensing voltage on node 265 is determined at a sensing node 440, which is disposed between the source of the output-activation transistor 400 and the drain of the bypass transistor 410. The sensing voltage on node 265 may thus be varied according to the desired range of voltage at the comparator 260. Of course, there can be any number of bypass transistors and optional resistors with different resistor values, as desired. A similar arrangement can be used for the reference current-to-voltage circuit 250 to produce the reference voltage on node 255. The reference current source 240 can be anything that produces a substantially constant current, e.g. a current source, a standard memory element that is only used during comparison operations, etc.
The resistances used to convert the various currents to voltages in the current-to-voltage circuits during a read operation may be set to any value. The resistances do not vary from one read cycle to the next. However, the resistances may be changed to alter the sense margin during a verification of an erase or program operation. This is to say that, after erasing or programming some of the memory elements, it is necessary to subsequently verify that the memory elements were erased or programmed to the correct threshold levels. As the resistances are variable, different resistances can be used to determine the state of the selected memory element depending on the operation. Changing the sense resistance, reference resistance, or both varies the sense ratio. Thus, by increasing the resistance on the sense side, the sense current necessary to detect a change of state of a selected memory element is decreased i.e. the signal margin to the comparator 260 is increased. For example, applying the same voltage to the control gate of the memory element after a program results in a smaller current than after an erase because of the increase in threshold voltage. Thus, by increasing the sense resistance during a program verify, the same sense voltage can be maintained. Similarly, the reference resistance can be changed and the optimal mix of variation to alter the signal margin to the comparator 260 may be determined based on the current expected.
In addition, the resistances may be varied due to the non-ideality of the comparator 260 or to adjust for changes in the sensing current. Variations in the sensing current occur, for example, as charge trapping occurs. Charge trapping will eventually take place in the floating gate as the memory element is perpetually programmed and erased. The threshold voltage of the memory element increases as a result of charge trapping. As the amount of charge trapped increases, the same voltage applied to the gate of the selected memory element will drive a decreasing amount of current. Thus, to maintain the same margin to the comparator 260, either the resistance in the sensing circuit must be increased or the resistance in the reference circuit must be decreased.
The comparator 260 subsequently compares the sensing voltage 265 and the reference voltage 255. The comparator 260 will not be described herein as any standard comparator may be used. In general, the comparator will be some type of differential amplifier with an active mirror circuit. The output of the comparator 260 is used by external components to store or display information about the state of the selected memory element.
Thus, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, an apparatus and method is provided to sense the direct current from the source side of a specific memory element contained in a virtual ground array. A group of memory elements is selected by select gates, which are in turn selected by select gate lines. The memory elements in the virtual ground array are disposed in series along word lines and connected by local bitlines with the select gates. Both the select gates and a particular word line select a specific set of memory elements. Global bitlines, which connect the select gates with the elements external to the virtual ground array, are then used to both supply a voltage to the drain side of the set of memory elements and direct current from the source side of the set of memory elements. At least one multiplexor and column decoder select the current from one of the set of memory elements. The current from the selected memory element is then transformed into a sense voltage by a sense load. Similarly, current from a reference current source is transformed into a reference voltage by a reference load. The reference load and the sense load may be unequal or equal and are varied, depending on the sense margin desired. The sense voltage and reference voltage are then compared by a comparator and the state of the selected memory element is then determined using the output of the comparator.
By sensing the direct current produced by a selected memory element in a virtual ground array it is possible to save both power consumption and processor time over prior sensing schemes. The advantages originate primarily from sensing from the source of the selected memory element, as it is not necessary to precharge the bitlines connected to the memory elements not being sensed to the drain voltage. In addition, sensing by using the direct current from the selected memory element rather than dynamic (AC) sensing, extremely accurate timing of the signals is not necessary, i.e. sensing the direct current is safer.
While the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, the description is illustrative of the invention and not to be construed as limiting the invention. Various modifications and applications may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
wherein the word lines and at least two of the select gates select the set of memory elements and the global bitlines connect the select gates with the comparator.
at least one column decoder connected with the set of memory elements and the comparator operative to decode the set of memory elements.
a reference load operative to transform a current provided from the reference circuit into a reference voltage inputted to the comparator.
4. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reference load and the sense load have the same resistance value.
5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the reference load and the sense load have different resistance values, thereby creating a sense ratio.
6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein at least one of the sense load and the reference load is variable and controls a margin necessary to determine the direct current.
7. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the local bitlines are formed by a diffusion process and the global bitlines are composed of metal.
the virtual ground array is arranged such that a first set of pairs of select gates are connected with a first set of pairs of memory elements, a second set of pairs of select gates are connected with a second set of pairs of memory elements, and the first set of pairs of memory elements and second set of pairs of memory elements partially overlap each other.
the one of the sense converter and the reference converter further comprising a first load disposed between one of the pair of transistors and the ground.
10. The apparatus of claim 9, further comprising a second load disposed between a source and a drain of the one of the pair of transistors.
the reference converter further comprising a second load disposed between the one of the second pair of transistors and the ground.
12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a third load disposed between a source and a drain of the one of the second pair of transistors.
13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first load and the second load have the same resistance value.
14. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the first load and the second load have different resistance values.
15. The apparatus of claims 11, wherein at least one of the first load and the second load is variable.
16. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a third load disposed between a source and a drain of the one of the first pair of transistors.
17. The apparatus of claim 16, further comprising a fourth load disposed between a source and a drain of the one of the second pair of transistors.
a comparison circuit containing a reference circuit that contains a source of a reference current and a reference load to transform the reference current into a reference voltage, the sense load to transform a direct current from the virtual ground array into a sense voltage, and a comparator comparing the reference voltage and the sense voltage.
19. The apparatus of claim 18, or wherein the reference load and the sense load have the same resistance value.
20. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the reference load and the sense load have different resistance values, thereby creating a sense ratio.
21. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein at least one of the sense load and the reference load is variable and controls a margin necessary to determine the direct current.
22. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the local bitlines are formed by a diffusion process and the global bitlines are composed of metal.
the virtual ground array comprising memory elements, select gates, select gate lines connected with the select gates, word lines, global bitlines, and local bitlines connecting the select gates with the memory elements, wherein the word lines and at least two of the select gates select the set of memory elements and the global bitlines connect the select gates with the comparator.
decoding the selected direct current via at least one decoder connected with the virtual ground array and the comparator.
transforming the reference current into a reference voltage fed into the comparator via a reference load.
26. The method of claim 25, further comprising setting the reference load and the sense load to be unequal and thereby creating a sense ratio.
27. The method of claim 25, the determining further comprising varying at least one of the sense load and the reference load thereby controlling a necessary margin.
forming the local bitlines by a diffusion process, the global bitlines composed of metal. | {
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UP 2 US FOUNDATION IS READY TO RESPOND TO COVID-19
Up 2 Us Foundation
Up 2 Us FoundationUp 2 Us FoundationUp 2 Us Foundation
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Up 2 Us is a nonprofit organization striving to improve the quality of life, first by providing dependable access to nutritious food to families in need.
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Up 2 Us Foundation started in the summer of 2019. The idea sparked from the words of Tupac Shakur's powerful song, Better Dayz. Tupac says, "and only we can change. It's up to us to clean up the streets, it ain't the same."
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It is up 2 us to protect our community. It is up 2 us to make a change that has a lasting positive impact in the world we share together. Every individual is unique and is capable of bringing special gifts for the greater good.
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Copyright © 2021 Up 2 Us Foundation, Inc - All Rights Reserved. | {
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Q: Encrypt PHP source code in Yii Is there any Yii specific ways available to encrypt the source code? I do not want my client to see my source code. I want to encrypt all my PHP files and codes. Any idea?
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Homejennifer griffin2019-07-09T16:21:08-04:00
Transportation Cabinet conducts extensive testing of new driver's license program
Federal extension allows continued use of current licenses for air travel, military base access
Transportation officials urge Kentuckians to prepare documentation now; launch dates to be announced
FRANKFORT, Ky. (April 15, 2019) – The Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) is in the end stages of testing the state's new driver's license system to introduce new, more secure card versions that meet federal standards in the coming months. A pilot of the new system will begin this spring in Circuit Court Clerk Office locations in Woodford and Franklin counties. New licenses will be made available gradually in counties and become available statewide by the end of the summer.
"The internal testing phase did exactly what it was designed to do – verify what works and reveal gaps that need to be addressed before introducing the system to Circuit Court Clerk offices," said Department of Vehicle Regulation Commissioner Matt Henderson. "We're pleased with the positive results that have confirmed that the majority of the new system is operational. While we targeted April to begin the in-office pilot testing, additional time is necessary to re-test system patches that are released when flaws are identified. Our unwavering commitment is to deliver a fully functional program to counties, and that requires flexibility. Everyone is engaged to make the new cards available as soon as possible."
The functionality of the new program to issue basic card versions of the new standard and Voluntary Travel ID driver's licenses is operational. The card vendor is working to resolve challenges related to complex license endorsements and features, such as combination licenses.
The Cabinet will announce pilot testing dates for Franklin and Woodford counties once confirmed. Additional counties may be added to the pilot phase, if necessary.
"The summer is a busy time for U.S. air travel, and we want to assure travelers that current licenses are accepted at airport security checkpoint and for military base entry thanks to Kentucky's federal extension," said Henderson. "New federally-compliant credentials will be available well in advance of the October 2020 REAL ID enforcement deadline."
First-time cardholders and those desiring a Voluntary Travel ID are encouraged to prepare for the new application process by gathering, updating and requesting required documentation now.
More information can be found at drive.ky.gov/confidentky (link below).
Welcome to DriveJefferson.com — your one-stop source for information about obtaining a Kentucky driver's license or state identification card in Jefferson County, Ky.
Kentucky driver's licenses and IDs are processed by the Office of the Circuit Court Clerk under guidelines established by the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet and in partnership with the Kentucky State Police, which handles driver's written and road testing.
There are six convenient driver's license branches in Jefferson County:
West Louisville
Outer Loop-Highview
Bowman Field
For Locations & Hours, CLICK HERE
Payment information for all six driver's license branches:
Check (Cashier's checks and money orders are accepted. Personal checks are not accepted.)
Credit cards (There is a convenience fee for using a credit card.)
Debit cards (There is a convenience fee for using a debit card.)
There is an ATM at all locations, excluding the Middletown and Outer Loop branches. (In addition, there is a bank service/convenience charge.)
What you can do at all six driver's license branches:
Renew an operator's/driver's license ($20)
Renew an operator's/motorcycle license ($30)
Renew a driver's permit ($12)
Renew a commercial driver's license (Fee varies.)
Get an ID card (Adult: $12, Child ages 2-14: $4)
Get a duplicate driver's or commercial driver's license ($12) (Commercial license price varies.)
Transfer a license to Kentucky if you're moving from another state and your license is still valid ($20 — operator only) Learn more here
Pay a traffic citation. (There is a third-party transaction fee for using a credit/debit card. Traffic citations must be processed three (3) business days before the scheduled court date. The Downtown Branch does not process traffic citations.)
The charitable arm of the Kentucky Association of Circuit Court Clerks is called Trust For Life. This nonprofit organization educates Kentuckians about the lifesaving mission of organ donation. You can give hope to children & adults waiting for a transplant today. When you renew your license, say "YES" and join Kentucky's Organ Donor Registry.Donate $1 and help save more lives. Learn more about how organ donation saved Riley's life.
For more information about this free, four-four defensive driving course for novice drivers, CLICK HERE
For information about the Office of the Circuit Court Clerk, visit
David L. Nicholson
Learn more about David Nicholson
Traffic Citations
Ignition Interlock Device (IID) & Ignition Interlock License (IIL)
Copyright 2015 Drive Jefferson | All Rights Reserved | Powered by WordPress | Site By Go Fetch Marketing | Hosting and Management by Bluegrass Web Works | Contact Us | {
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United Kingdom »
Newick, East Sussex, UK
Latitude and longitude coordinates are: 50.976154, 0.016136.
Newick is a small town and an administrative unit of the Lewes District, East Sussex. It emerged near a station of old reolway which was closed decades ago. The town has one of the oldest sports clubs in the area and is famous as a great recreation center.
Map of Newick, East Sussex, UK
Newick, East Sussex, UK Lat Long Coordinates Info
The latitude of Newick, East Sussex, UK is 50.976154, and the longitude is 0.016136. Newick, East Sussex, UK is located at United Kingdom country in the Towns place category with the gps coordinates of 50° 58' 34.1544'' N and 0° 0' 58.0896'' E.
Newick, East Sussex, UK elevation is 43 meters height, that is equal to 141 feet.
Newick, East Sussex, UK Geographic Information
0° 0' 58.0896'' E
Coordinates of Newick, East Sussex, UK is given above in both decimal degrees and DMS (degrees, minutes and seconds) format. The country code given is in the ISO2 format.
Boston, Lincolnshire, UK
Cardenden, Lochgelly, Fife, UK
Llanrumney, Cardiff, UK
Alton, Hampshire, UK
Wembley, Greater London, UK
Towns in United Kingdom
St.Asaph, Wales, the UK (53.257999, -3.442000)
Stirling, Scotland, UK (56.116600, -3.936900)
Welling, Bexley, London, the UK (51.456600, 0.105600)
Bonnybridge, Scotland, UK (56.003227, -3.888634)
Soham, Ely, UK (52.335213, 0.337508)
Boulmer, Northumberland, UK (55.422272, -1.579536)
Higham Ferrers, East Northamptonshire, England, the UK (52.307373, -0.592841)
Kesgrave, Ipswich, UK (52.062569, 1.233907)
Broadstairs, Thanet, Kent, the UK (51.360165, 1.432038)
Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scotland, the UK (56.116825, -3.158137) | {
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Bone collector bedding set royal heritage home bedding sets love, colonial bedding sets sia colonial williamsburg bedding sets, colonial star black tan quilted bedding set quilt sets, quilt. Williamsburg garden images comforter bedding sets colonial garden. Good colonial bedroom sets #7: comforter coral bedding ariana. | {
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To add or delete a stock/option from your watchlists you must go to the editing page.
First select the "edit portfolios" button on the bottom left of the Watchlist page.
You can now create a new portfolio to add a symbol to or add a symbol to an existing portfolio. To add a stock or option, enter the appropriate symbol into the text box. Then choose which portfolio you wish to add it to from the drop down list. Press the "add symbol" button after entering the symbol.
To delete a stock or option, press the rubbish bin icon beside the appropriate symbol. To delete a portfolio you must first delete the symbols within this portfolio.
Once you have finished editing your portfolio press the "finished editing" button. This will then return you to the Watchlist tab. | {
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We would not be gardeners without the odd issue here and there… but slugs are both here, and there and everywhere… it is the pest we love to hate.
Perhaps if we find out a bit more, we might change how we feel about them - right? Well, I for one, doubt that… but here goes….
Slugs are actually gastropods but did you know they are also hermaphrodites? - with both male and female reproductive systems they can mate with themselves if need be; however, with a mate, they can "make love" for up to an hour and a half !!! Yikes.
Therefore, each slug can make about 3 dozen eggs a few times a year - that is a lot of little slugs who quickly become adults in only 6 weeks.
Because slugs can live for several years, they get bigger and hungrier. Did you know an average sized garden can house up to 200 slugs? and each one of those 200, can eat up to a pound and a half of plants. No wonder it feels like we are losing a battle !
They eat and drink constantly and need a lot of moisture because they lose theirs through that icky slime they create. They can eat twice their body weight in a day because they have 27,000 teeth - imagine that dental bill!
So to keep them from eating their favourites - and yours - (Hosta and Delphiniums) keep the leaves up off the ground.
Photo of Gray slug by Ralph E. Berry - Oregon State Univ.
... beer, grapefruit rind and cabbage. After they drown in the beer - dump the beer and slug corpses in the compost…. and don't be tempted to drink the beer.
If you have youngsters around, let them make a house for the slugs to play in…. cut a grapefruit in half, eat the good stuff and before you turn the rind over in your garden, cut out a little door for them to enter.. In a couple of days, the slugs will still be partying under it and then you can do what you wish with them at this point.
When you have your pile of dead slugs - remember they are full of protein… they make great snacks for cats, fish and even ducks. But best of all, put them (dead or alive) into your compost bin - they will be happy there and stay put… and while they are being happy, they will break down paper and improve your compost.. then that compost goes on your garden to make stronger plants that will resist the little monsters. In your compost bin, and because they are carnivores, the living slugs and will eat the dead slugs and so the cycle continues.
Also, slugs are don't like mint, garlic, chives, foxglove, geranium or fennel. So feel free to plant them liberally around your Hosta beds.
DIATOMACEOUS EARTH is just a fancy name for powdered fossil skeletons, but ground up eggshells work too… place a goodly amount around the plants and those sharp edges will slice nastily into the soft skin of the slug, causing it to dehydrate and die.
HAD A HAIR CUT LATELY??
Some other folk swear by using cut hair- human, or animal… but I don't like the idea of canvassing hair salons for bags of human hair… somehow the story is not met with open minds….
I also don't like how it looks in the garden, it's a bit sinister, don't you think?
Finding the dreaded slugs in planter pots has other desperate individuals coating the outside with petroleum jelly so they (the slugs, that is) slide off, but imagine all the other things that would be stuck there…yuk.
So before you try any one of these methods to rage your own personal attack on slugs, think about the other consequences of these home remedies and decide what works for you while not making more work for you in the long run.
For example, if you sprinkle oat bran around your plants, and the slugs eat it, you might find some exploded slugs hither and thither…. not a pretty sight; besides, who wants to clean up that mess?
Or, you could get a few chickens… they love slugs… and what entertainment it would be, to see them chasing down your dreaded slugs… no guarantees what your garden will look like as the chase ensues, but the chickens will thank you with more eggs and your slug problem will be history… However, you may have to plant a new garden.
If you like the idea of watching the demise of a slug, you could pour salt on one…. little boys love to do this, watching the beasts shrivel up and die. However, the salt is not good for your garden and you know how exuberant little boys can be when they're having some perverse fun …so hold the salt.
And for a more biological approach, try Nematodes - (check wikipedia fhttp://wikipedia.org for a very, very long description).
Some experts say if you mix the powder with water and use it on the earth around the plants, it will kill slugs above and below the ground… and should last for up to 6 weeks… spring would be a good time to do this and again mid-summer.
Serious and Silly Ways to Kill or Outwit The Garden's Number One Enemy.
In the meantime, happy slugging. | {
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Excited to leave her stale life in the big city behind, Sonja takes the money her grandmother left her and purchases Libby's Cuppa Joe, a thriving coffee shop in a small community in Wisconsin's Door County. Sonja may have business sense but is she really ready to face the world on her own?
Sonja soon discovers owning a business requires more than offering a good cup of coffee. She must make major repairs to the building as well as major repairs to her own heart. Do the former owners, Libby and Joe hold the answer? As Sonja seeks to make Libby's Cuppa Joe a viable business, can she also find herself and the God she has abandoned?
Join Rebecca at our Christian Fiction Loves Redemption/Easter Facebook Party on Friday, April 12th at this link.
A waitress, a megastar, and an ex-addict wage war for the heart of a young girl.
Thirteen years ago, a spiked drink left Agnes with a permanent reminder of the man who date-raped her.
Her daughter looks like him, sounds like him, and even listens to his platinum records (of course, the dude's a mega star because nothing is fair) but Brisa is everything Agnes has in the world. At least, she is until the day this music star sets his sights on getting himself a ready-made family.
He's got millions of dollars, millions of fans, a high-powered legal team, and half Brisa's DNA. Agnes has a run-down house, a friend who's almost three years sober and afraid to say he loves her, and a lawyer willing to work pro bono.
Oh, and the whole town of Beaufort. That's right. She's got all those Beaufort folk at her back, praying to the God she has rejected, and not one of them is going to let Brisa go without a fight.
Another story of faith and redemption from the author of Sailing out of Darkness.
Join Normandie at our Christian Fiction Loves Redemption/Easter Facebook Party on Friday, April 12th at this link.
As a special treat for Valentine's Day, I am offering Resurrection of Hope eBook for 99 cents on Mt Zion Ridge Press Site at this link.
Resurrection is only available for pre-order on most sites. It will be released tomorrow for $3.99. So, don't miss this special offer because it ends at midnight.
Here's a bit more about it.
She thought he was her knight in shining armor, but will a marriage of convenience prove her wrong?
After Vivian's fiancé dies in the Great War, she thinks her life is over. But Henry, her fiancé's best friend, comes to the rescue offering a marriage of convenience. He claims he promised his friend he would take care of her. She grows to love him, but she knows it will never work because he never shows any love for her.
Henry adores Vivian and has pledged to take care of her, but he won't risk their friendship by letting her know. She's still in love with the man who died in the Great War. He won't risk heartache by revealing his true emotions.
Join Tamera at the Christian Fiction Lovers Touch of Romance Facebook Party on Monday, February 11th at this link.
Rose Rhodes changed not only her name after the tornado; she changed her outward appearance. No more was she Rosalie O'Roarke, former dance hall girl. She loves her new work as a nurse-in-training to handsome Doctor Scott Allison. As Scott and Rose's relationship begins to change from professional to personal, they must deal with figures from Rose's past who make life anything but easy. Rose is concerned that the town will discover her dance hall girl past, especially when Jake Thomas, the man who viciously beat her, asks all over town where Rosalie O'Roarke went. But both Rose and Scott are in for surprise encounters with Christ that will change their lives forever and help them see His plan for them. In fact, they will see God at work all over New Boston.
Rose's Redemption won second place in the 2017 Golden Leaf Award at the Advance Novelist Retreat and was a finalist in the American Christian Fiction Writers' Phoenix Rattler Contest.
Join Donna at the Christian Fiction Lovers Touch of Romance Facebook Party on Monday, February 11th at this link.
A prostitute, a spy, and the liberation of Paris.
Sold by her parents to settle a debt, Rolande Bisset is forced into prostitution. Years later, shunned by her family and most of society, it's the only way she knows how to subsist. When the Germans overrun Paris, she decides she's had enough of evil men controlling her life and uses her wiles to obtain information for the Allied forces. Branded a collaborator, her life hangs in the balance. Then an American spy stumbles onto her doorstep. Is redemption within her grasp?
Simon Harlow is one of an elite corps of American soldiers. Regularly chosen for dangerous covert missions, he is tasked with infiltrating Paris to ascertain the Axis's defenses. Nearly caught by German forces moments after arriving, he owes his life to the beautiful prostitute who claims she's been waiting for the Allies to arrive. Her lifestyle goes against everything he believes in, but will she steal his heart during his quest to liberate her city?
Inspired by the biblical story of Rahab, Love's Rescue is a tale of faith and hope during one of history's darkest periods.
Join Linda at the Christian Fiction Lovers Touch of Romance Facebook Party on Monday, February 11th at this link.
In a deserted park on a cold winter day, twenty-seven-year-old Kathryn Frasier discovers a gold watch on a fencepost, and she has an ominous sense that it was deliberately left for her to find. But when she identifies the owner of the watch, she uncovers a dark family secret and a suspicion that her parents' recent deaths may not have been an accident.
Thrown into the hunt for a possible killer, Kathryn follows a puzzling trail of cryptic clues, and encounters a cast of characters who all had a connection to her parents, including an actress with a talent for disguises and an ambitious politician with a secret of his own. And then there's Phil, the handsome businessman who turns Kathryn's life upside-down when he shows a sudden romantic interest in her.
Join Kay at the Christian Fiction Lovers Touch of Romance Facebook Party on Monday, February 11th at this link.
The name of this blog comes from the verse, Proverbs 27:17 As iron sharpens iron, so a friend sharpens a friend. I'm hoping something I say with my words will help you sharpen your journey.
Any books I review on this blog have been received as a gift by the author or publisher in exchange for a review on this blog unless otherwise stated. Gifts of products do not guarentee a good review. | {
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Little League officially kicks off in Vineland
JODI STREAHLE
FOR THE DAILY JOURNAL
VINELAND - Jayden Manuel Clavell, 6, of Vineland stretched out across the thick grass at Fiocchi Field on Saturday morning. "It's so warm," he said as he pointed his face to the sun and moved his arms and legs as if he was making a snow angel.
It was a feeling shared by many during opening ceremonies for the Little League teams of North Vineland, East Vineland and South Vineland. After getting rained out two weeks in a row, Little League players finally bustled around Cunningham Park, Fiocchi Field and Landis Park to officially kick off the season.
MORE: Dickenson's walk-off helps Vineland top Colts
"The weather is perfect today," said Gianni Gentilini, 12, of Vineland, who plays on team Fox Foundation in East Vineland Little League. "The wind is blowing outward so the ball will go farther."
"I'm excited for the season to get underway," said Jerry Morales, president of North Vineland Little League. "We have played a couple games, but it just didn't feel like the season really started. Now it has started, now that the sun is shining and we had our opening ceremony. It's just a different feeling."
Almost all the league players came out for opening ceremonies. Each team was introduced, and the players took their places in the middle of the field. Sponsors were recognized as well as outstanding teams from last year. North Vineland Little League celebrated four teams that won district championships, and East Vineland gave trophies to three League Champion teams.
Also, the Vineland Rotary Challenger League of North Vineland Little League held their first games of the season on Saturday.
In East Vineland, more than 300 children play on 29 teams. North Vineland Little League has 230 players on 17 teams. Some play for the camaraderie. Others just love the sport.
Seth Suppi, 8, of Vineland, loves everything about Little League. He loves hitting the ball and running the bases, but he especially loves facing his friends on the opposing team. Last week, when he played against his friends, he struck several of them out and even caught a fly ball for an additional out. "That was cool," said Suppi.
Baseball field upgrades in full swing at Landis Park
Carlos Rodriguez Jr., 11, of Vineland, a player on team Omni Baking Company in North Vineland Little League, said he feeds off the team atmosphere. "I like it when the team gets fired up and we make a comeback," said Rodriguez.
Coaches spent the morning with their Little League players. "We are trying to keep them engaged and teach them the basics of the game so that they can grow a passion for it as they get older," said Scott Perkins of Vineland, who coaches for East Vineland Little League. | {
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Eugen Schneider (* 1880 in Ennetbaden; † 26. Mai 1953) war ein Schweizer Architekt sowie Gemeindeammann und später im Grossen Rat Politiker für die Freisinnig-Demokratische Partei. Ferner war er in zahlreichen anderen Organisationen engagiert. Er arbeitete in der Epoche des Jugendstils und ist stilistisch der Heimatstil genannten Heimatschutzarchitektur zuzurechnen.
Ausbildung und Beruf
Eugen Schneider erlernte den Beruf als Bauzeichner in Baden bei Robert Moser. So stand er auch in dem Einfluss dessen 20 Jahre älteren Sohns Karl Mosers, der mit seinen epochalen Bauten über die Grenzen der Schweiz hinaus bekannt wurde. Schneider arbeitete danach bis 1919 zusammen mit Medard Sidler (1878–1940), gab diese Gemeinschaft dann aber auf. Der aus Luzern stammende Sidler war seit 1905 in Baden ansässig und ging später nach Wettingen.
Eugen Schneider gilt als ein Fachmann für Umbau und Renovation. Daneben war er für viele Bauherren und auch für die öffentliche Hand tätig. Insbesondere in seiner Heimatgemeinde war er besonders aktiv. Viele Gemeinde- und Schulhäuser stammen von ihm. Auch der Neubau des Hauptsitzes der Obwaldner Kantonalbank in Sarnen entstammt seiner Feder.
Privates
Schneider war verheiratet und hatte zwei Töchter sowie einen Sohn. Er wird als "jovialer Gemeindevater" beschrieben, der eine "Urgemütlichkeit pflegte". Neben seiner politischen Tätigkeit war er auch Feuerwehrkommandant, Präsident der Badener Niederlassung der Aargauischen Hypothekenbank und Mitglied der Aufsichtskommission des Lehrerseminars Wettingen.
Werke
Unter Denkmalschutz stehend im Kanton Aargau
Objekt, Ort; Baujahr, Inventar
Streuleareal Ennetbaden; 1891, INV-ENN915
Fabrikgebäude Oederlin, Ennetbaden; 1906–1908, INV-ENN905
Ev.-ref. Pfarrkirche, Mellingen AG; 1910, INV-MEL902
Höhtalstrasse 10, Ennetbaden; 1910, INV-ENN919A
Gemeindehaus, Altes Schulhaus Grabenäcker; 1911–1912, INV-FIB901
Höhtalstrasse 12, Ennetbaden; 1911–1912, INV-ENN919B
Höhtalstrasse 14, Ennetbaden; 1911–1912, INV-ENN919C
Schulhaus Oberlunkhofen; 1912–1913, INV-OLU907
Höhtalstrasse 16, Ennetbaden; 1923, INV-ENN919D
Schulhaus, Ennetbaden (2015 entlassen); 1936, DOK-ENN839.903
Abdankungshalle, Ennetbaden; 1949–1950, INV-ENN916
Weitere Bauwerke
Ersparniskasse Baden, Bahnhofstrasse 20; dreigeschossiges Eckhaus (gemeinsam mit Hans Loepfe, 1931); I 012
Römerstrasse 16, Baden; stattliches Wohnhaus mit geschwungenem Satteldach mit grossem Zwerchhaus; I 176
Hauptsitz Obwaldner Kantonalbank Sarnen; 1909, 02. Feber 2016
Pfarrhaus Mellingen (zugeschrieben); 1928/29
Schulhaus Fislisbach
Schulhaus Dietwil
Primarschulhaus mit Kindergarten, Sachseln, 1910
Einzelnachweise
Architekt (Schweiz)
Grossrat (Aargau)
Kommunalpolitiker (Kanton Aargau)
FDP-Mitglied (Schweiz)
Schweizer
Geboren 1880
Gestorben 1953
Mann | {
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Ford is formally opening its new national sales company office in Richmond near downtown Melbourne with the installment of new Ford oval signs early this.
Ford Motor Co Of Aust -head Office in Campbellfield, VIC, Business contact details for Ford Motor Co Of Aust -head Office including phone number.
Explore all cars I can afford. It is currently offered in sedan and hatchback variants with a 2. One of our accredited dealers will contact you shortly to assist you in finding your next car. What do I do if I have received a recall letter? The location also provides better access to more consumers and key business partners such as its advertising agency located in Richmond.
Henry Ford having granted the manufacturing rights of Ford motor vehicles in the British Empire later the Commonwealth , excepting the United Kingdom, to Canadian investors. It is best known in more recent times for having produced the Falcon , originally a US model introduced in Australia in , but adapted to Australian requirements and road conditions. On 31 March , Ford announced that Geelong , was to be the Australian headquarters.
The first Australian-built Ford was a Model T that came off an improvised production line in a disused Geelong wool storage warehouse in June , while work started on a factory in the nearby suburb of Norlane. In the factory switched to the Model A and was followed by the Ford V8 in In the company released a coupe utility based upon the Model A American Ford "Closed Cab Pickup Truck" that had been produced for 6 years from The local designer was Ford engineer Louis Lewis Bandt.
However, they would lend money for the purchase of "working" vehicles. The coupe utility fulfilled the need of farmers to have a workhorse which could also be used "to take the wife to church on Sunday and to the market on Monday". In the company bought a large tract of land in the northern Melbourne suburb of Campbellfield , and in July announced that the new Melbourne factory would become the company headquarters.
It's expected to retain about workers in Australia. In , the parent Ford company, seeking to avoid the Chapter 11 bankruptcy that had already befallen General Motors and Chrysler, began abondoning overseas projects.
Around July Ford Australia had received permission from Detroit to add a new small car to its Falcon production line.
However, they stopped paying bills due to Australia component makers. On 23 May , Ford Australia announced that it would stop making cars after 88 years due to uncompetitive manufacturing costs and lacklustre sales. Ford had two main factories, both in Victoria: Between and , Ford Falcons were fully Australian designed. It also produced a four-wheel-drive model called the Territory , which also ceased production in Production of the Falcon ceased with the closure of the Broadmeadows Campbellfield and Geelong engine and panel stamping plants.
The Geelong factory produced its last Australian-made straight-six and V8 engines on 26 September Assembly at Broadmeadows ceased on 7 October Ford has also designated as one of five worldwide full service Regional Product Development Centre, specifically for the Asia Pacific and African regions. Ford Australia started by assembling Model Ts. As Ford introduced new models, these were assembled in Australia.
Ford also assembled the Canadian Ford V8. The Laser was produced in Ford's plant at Homebush in Sydney, from until September when the plant closed, after which they were fully imported from Japan. The Laser was replaced by the European Ford Focus in It is currently offered in sedan and hatchback variants with a 2. The Fiesta , a global Ford product, has also been offered since These were adapted for the Australian market: In , lack of capacity meant that the Cortina wagon was in fact assembled in Renault 's now long since closed Australian factory in Heidelberg, Victoria.
The Cortina's replacement, the Mazda -based Telstar , was initially assembled in Australia. In the Telstar sedan was replaced by the locally assembled Ford Corsair which was basically a rebadged Nissan Pintara. | {
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Browse through a selection of current and previous Eastleigh College students who have achieved great success, from Higher Education to employment or even simply achieving results they never thought they could reach!
Jonah studied the Level 3 Foundation Diploma in Art, before applying to the Slade School of Art in London to study BA Fine Art. His favourite techniques are oil painting, film photography and film making. | {
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Velma knows she has the beautiful face and big cheeks every tabby wants! This pretty girl is shy and will be happiest in a quiet home with kids over 12 where she can come out of her shell. When things calm down, she's always close by, actively watching what's going on and welcoming gentle affection and cuddles. She also loves a feisty session with the feather wand! Velma has stolen our hearts, and this sweet soul will blossom in a loving home that offers her reassurance and loving kindness. Come see if this tabby steals your heart by visiting PAWS Cat City.
Lilly Rose is such a sweetie! She has a typical puppy personality and is ready to have some fun! Lilly can be a bouncy girl and would benefit from an active home that can take her through basic obedience. Come by PAWS in Lynnwood and meet her today!
Who's ready for Summertime! This girl sure is! Summertime is a sweet girl, who can be a little bashful in new situations. Give her a minute to warm up and her affectionate and playful side will shine through! Come say hello to Summertime at PAWS in Lynnwood. | {
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Located only 3.5 km from the historical Minsk city centre, this apart hotel features a 24-hour reception and a free parking. Aparthotel Comfort apartments come with a flat-screen TV and a balcony. It feature carperted floors, an elegant dining area and a fully equipped kitchen. Various cafes, bars and restaurants can be found within a 10-minute walk of the property. Also a buffet breakfast is served every morning at surcharge. Aparthotel Comfort apartments are 1 km from the Entertainment Centre Rubin Plaza, housing restaurants, bars and shops. Grushevka Metro Station is 750 metres from the hotel. The distance to Minsk National Airport is 44 km, and a shuttle service can be arranged on request. | {
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Submit Your Dirt
Emory & Henry College Announces Two New Assistant Coaches
Emory & Henry College head women's basketball coach Jaclyn Dickens is pleased to announce the hiring of a pair of assistant coaches. Kyle Sensabaugh and Antwan VanBuren joined the Wasps' staff six weeks ago in conjunction with the start of the season. Sensabaugh and VanBuren previously coached together on the E&H men's basketball staff.
"We are very fortunate to have added Kyle and Antwan to our staff," said Dickens. "They bring with them a strong basketball knowledge. Both have a passion for Emory & Henry and have the type of character that will help us continue to develop and grow our team culture."
Sensabaugh was a two-year player for the Wasps and spent a year and a half as an assistant under former head coach David Willson. He has been a member of the coaching staff at Chilhowie High School and currently works full-time as the director of housing at People Incorporated in Abingdon, Virginia.
"Kyle has a very high basketball IQ and brings great ideas and advice in practice and games," said Dickens. "His attention to detail is a great asset to have. He cares deeply about the success of Emory & Henry and the basketball program."
VanBuren spent two years with the Wasps from 2012-14, serving as associate head coach and recruiting coordinator. VanBuren also spent time as a coach at nearby Patrick Henry High School. He currently serves as a family services specialist for the Washington County Department of Social Services.
"Antwan brings energy and a positive attitude to our team," said Dickens. "His ability to develop and relate to players is a great addition and plays a big role in the development of our student-athletes."
The Emory & Henry Women's Basketball team has started the season strong with a 7-1 overall record and a 2-0 mark in the Old Dominion Athletic Conference. The Wasps are currently receiving votes in the D3hoops.com Top 25 poll.
https://www.gowasps.com/sports/wbkb/2019-20/releases/20191205ki44ez
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On a Wedding Anniversary
For my money, the supreme accomplishment of John Cale's Dylan Thomas project Words for the Dying is "On a Wedding Anniversary." Though Thomas's symbologies can seem random, this poem, examining the falling-apart of a young marriage, is razor-sharp. With economical language, it evokes a very complex set of ideas and feelings. Marriage is one of the most interesting and controversial institutions of human society, and the poem explores the ideal of it ("down the long walks of their vows") and the reality ("this anniversary of two"). It suggests that, regardless of catechism and other fantasies, marriage is not a true union but an alliance of two individuals - though the final verse's "their heart/their brain" seems to suggest a true union through suffering even as the institutional union of marriage is broken. It achieves a great deal with the device of the pathetic fallacy: "The sky is torn across this ragged anniversary." I read in the poem of the death of a young child, "Now their love lies a loss," and I think of the early Robert Frost poem "Home Burial."
Even lying on the page these words can lacerate, but when Cale sings them these shards of glass are hurled. On Fragments of a Rainy Season, to devastating effect, he hits just the right emotional notes on each lyric. The piano feels like sheets of rain. The vocal melody winds around the chord progression unpredictably. I think it seemed a little random when I first heard it, but now it feels natural, even necessary. As the "rain" tapers at the end, Cale's repetition of the second verse over a sinister two-chord vamp ushers out the song (and connects it to the middle song of the suite, "Lie Still, Sleep Becalmed").
It doesn't fare as well in the orchestrated original version, but it does better than the other tracks. Cale's vocal is delivered well (though not as well) and fits with the orchestra better than his other vocals do. I'm not that happy with the horn parts, which seem out of sync with his vocal, and I don't care for the ending, but it would be an entirely acceptable recording.
That is, if it weren't for the temporally and emotionally out-of-sync choirboys. They sing the key word of the lyric Cale is singing throughout the last few verses. They're fine when they're repeating "brain" endlessly over the end of the third verse, they're at least effectively creepy when they're chanting "Death strikes their house" at the end, but when they sing "chain" and "too late" and "windows" and "door" it's like someone (pardon the Americanism) blowing a raspberry. Ach! Cale should have had them sing bouche fermée (i.e. hum).
Thank goodness this stuff got a do-over.
Labels: Essential, Fragments of a Rainy Season, Live, Words for the Dying
From the boys' choir to various sets of woo-woo girls, Cale has been cursed with some of the most intrusive backing vocals ever recorded. There's something to that, I'm sure—some psychological need for him to support/frame his own voice—but the results are frustrating; he's consistently able to put instruments together in unique and arresting ways, but effective arranging for voices seems to elude him.
One of the things that really came across in the Words for the Dying documentary (which I still haven't digitized—I'll get to it, I swear!) is how fast and cheap this project really was. The decision to record in Moscow was entirely financial, rather than aesthetic, and the sessions seemed really unhappy and frustrating. The boys' choir (recorded later in Wales) seemed underrehearsed, but the logistics and expense were such that there was no time for them to really nail it; the choirmaster didn't seem to be on Cale's wavelength at all, and Cale was too withdrawn and uncommunicative to force the issue.
The tentative nature of the vocal in the studio vs the live version is something I hear a lot in Cale, and doubtless it's because he does most of his writing in the studio. There's an agonizing sequence in the film where Cale is alone in the booth singing this; his vocals are the last element to be added to the track, and he's thrashing it out with the tape rolling, groping for the melody, creating it on the fly.
Now, sometimes that works emotionally—Music for a New Society gets a lot of its charge from that first-take feel of melody coalescing from nowhere, that improvisatory sense that anything could happen—but the Thomas texts need to be declaimed with a certain authority that only comes from singing them over and over, night after night.
That's one of the reasons I like Walking on Locusts, BTW—the vocals are pretty strong throughout. I saw Cale live shortly before he recorded Locusts, and he was already playing some of the songs live. That showed in the finished recording—the melodies had a lived-in feel.
I found a copy of the documentary - very impressive material though frustratingly constructed and maddeningly incomplete. (Rather appropriate for Cale!)
For some reason, I hadn't realized that the three "parts" were recorded separately until I saw the documentary - though it seems obvious in retrospect. It's like three voice actors, unpracticed in the process, recording their parts separately: the emotions just aren't in sync and the crucial connections between the three performances are wooden or broken. I plan to work this ground more thoroughly later.
It did seem to me that the bulk of the melody of the track was in place, though Eno seemed to give a lot of phrasing direction.
I'm glad you've had a chance to see the film! Very illuminating, in a lot of ways, and left me with a lot of sympathy for Cale (who had previously seemed a very foreboding character). He seems a rather lonely fellow, kind of awkward and out of his depth, and gifted with the ability to say exactly the wrong thing ("I like your music—it sounds very American").
A lot of that is down to the video-editing, I'm sure, but the same threads came out in What's Welsh For Zen—how he always seems to be reaching out for artistic collaboration, but he can never hold one together for long—a long litany of self-sabotage and repetition of destructive cycles.
So what do we learn from that? The world turns 'round.
Maybe that's why the woo-woo girls are mixed so high; because e can't stand to sing alone.
Inveriarty,
Hi, I thought you might be interested to know that I just produced a DVD for the 1990 doc "Words For The Dying" which focused on the making of that album.
I will include the press release below.
Best, Noel
Noel Lawrence
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.microcinemadvd.com/product/DVD/845/Words_for_the_Dying.html
Provocateur Pictures Releases Rob Nilsson's WORDS FOR THE DYING
(Los Angeles, CA) Provocateur Pictures proudly announces the upcoming DVD release of WORDS FOR THE DYING by acclaimed director Rob Nilsson ("Northern Lights" – Camera d'Or, Cannes, "Heat and Sunlight" – Grand Jury Prize, Sundance).
A revealing cinema verité portrait of the former Velvet Underground musician, John Cale, in creative collaboration with Brian Eno. Director Nilsson follows them to Moscow, London and Wales for the recording of a new album, "Words for the Dying", built around four Dylan Thomas poems.
This is not your typical "making of" documentary. Once in Moscow, Nilsson discovered that Eno wanted no part of the filming. The film becomes a clash of wills as Nilsson tries to cajole Eno back into the project. It is a subtle internecine battle, the camera crew tiptoeing through a minefield of bursting egos.
"WORDS FOR THE DYING is a great documentary. One need only compare it to the superficially similar Phil Joaneau's US: RATLE AND HUM to see how far under the skin Nilsson has gotten. This fine movie deserves a place beside D.A. Pennebaker's DON'T LOOK BACK about Dylan and the unreleased Stones film COCKSUCKER BLUES as brilliantly accurate life-of-rock musician portraitures."
-- Dennis Harvey, Variety/Bay Guardian
Rob Nilsson
∑ Interview with Rob Nilsson
∑ Foreword by j. poet
∑ Featurette – Direct Action Cinema
For more information or to arrange interviews with director Rob Nilsson, please call 415-290-0401 or e-mail [email protected]
Home-use and institutional copies of the DVD can be ordered online at http://www.microcinemadvd.com/product/DVD/845/Words_for_the_Dying.html
For wholesale purchase, please contact Microcinema International at 415-447-9750 or [email protected].
About Rob Nilsson
A San Francisco based director, Rob Nilsson and co-director John Hanson won the Camera d'Or at Cannes for NORTHERN LIGHTS and Nilsson won the Grand Jury Prize at the Sundance Film Festival for HEAT AND SUNLIGHT. He is the first American film director to have won both awards. He is also the creator of the Direct Action style of digital filmmaking taught in the Tenderloin yGroup Actor's Ensemble, San Francisco and featured in workshops conducted around the world.
In recent years, retrospectives of Nilsson's work have taken place at the Pacific Film Archives, Berkeley, Chicago Institute of Art, Resfest, Seoul, Korea, Digital Talkies Festival, New Delhi, India, .MOV Festival and Cinemanila, Manila, Philippines, Hong Kong International Film Festival, and the Kansas City Filmmaker's Jubilee.
On August 20, 2008, he will receive the eponymous "Rob Nilsson Award" from the Filmmakers' Alliance in Los Angeles.
About Provocateur Pictures
Provocateur Pictures champions the practice of cinema as an art form. We promote alternative visions from the contemporary underground as well as oddities from the archives that challenge, stimulate, inspire…provoke. | {
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Hehehe, really, great site, great pics and cool posts. Nice work.
You guys are amazing! I am really touched by your sppreciation. Your website and humor brings me so much joy! I know you guys are going to take this to the moon! :) I will always be a big fan and support two amazing guys doing what they love. You doing what you love brings a smile to my face every time I listen to the podcasts. Keep it going guys!! | {
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Independent Party - Does the Independent Party Really Offer a Third Option?
The Independent Party is widely known to be a party that is lead by leaders within the political movements of the times. While the Independent Party can cover a variety of issues, it usually happens that the leaders are individuals that have been elected by a sea of their peers to take on the leadership roles. Generally, for each major election, the Independent Party leader will take on one or two major issues to tackle.
The issues that the Independent Party runs on vary. The Democratic and Republican Parties have very set agendas and political views that remain constant throughout each election. However, the Independent Party runs on a platform that can change from year to year. Being that they are independent, politicians within the Independent Party select which issues they feel are most important to their communities and will work to bring attention to those issues in each election.
The Independent Party has generally not been elected into leadership roles. This is not because the candidates are not qualified and the issues that they argue are not pertinent enough to the community, but rather, because many Americans are entrenched in their Democratic or Republican Party and refuse to move in one direction or the other. Therefore, many argue that the Independent Party takes away crucial votes from these other parties, but never gets more than 4% of the vote for their own people.
The Independent Party was established by the people as a means to try to elect leaders that are not oriented as puppets of their political party. As such, the Independent Party is generally viewed as the party that is a little more loose in structure and can go in any direction. Many people believe that the Independent Party is more of a middle-of-the-road political party and can bat for either side, depending on the political climate of the day and therefore, many people will not vote for the members of the Independent Party in elections. | {
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Time magazine has designated US coronavirus czar Anthony Fauci as a 'guardian of the year,' a new category that emphasizes his dystopian doomsday pronouncements. The message? Sit down, muzzle up, and fear what you're told to fear.
(Article by Helen Buyinski republished from RT.com)
Since the first reports of the novel coronavirus on American shores, Fauci has been front and center, scaring the life out of Americans with apocalyptic predictions of millions of deaths that – while they haven't come to pass – have triggered devastating economic shutdowns. A recent survey found nearly two out of five US families planned to spend the next year in "survival mode," having no choice but to put aside long-term goals in order to do whatever they can to make ends meet as the economy circles the drain.
It's no coincidence that Fauci's directives to "hunker down" for the much-hyped "dark winter" came ahead of the Christmas shopping season, when most retail businesses earn their way back into the black in order to make it through the following year. Fauci and his colleagues in the US health bureaucracy are facilitating the asset-stripping of America, whether or not they're aware of it.
The Covid-19 czar's opposition to the cheap, off-patent malaria drug hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has cost hundreds of thousands of lives, according to some expert estimates. While the World Health Organization (WHO) terminated its trial of HCQ stating it showed no improvement over standard treatments, there is evidence of success from countries that used the drug to treat early symptoms of Covid-19 – and the US, where the drug was demonized and politicized, is among the top ten in terms of coronavirus-related deaths per capita. Fauci has pooh-poohed the cheap drug in favor of Remdesivir, itself a failed (but fantastically expensive) ebola drug – which the WHO has likewise admitted has little therapeutic potential against the coronavirus.
Indeed, Fauci has gotten every single "epidemic" in his 50-year tenure wrong. From suppressing drugs that were effective in treating AIDS-related pneumonia, resulting in some 17,000 deaths, to shilling for the swine flu vaccine that spawned a narcolepsy epidemic among vaccinated children in 2009, he has been persistently on the wrong side of history. He has lied under oath regarding documented side effects of the measles vaccine and foisted highly toxic AIDS drugs on healthy people under the guise of "pre-exposure prophylaxis" (PrEP). The career medical official has gallons of American blood on his hands.
Ironically, these characteristics would make him ideally suited to Time's 'person of the year' designation – which has been awarded to the likes of Adolf Hitler, Henry Kissinger, George W. Bush and Barack Obama. The man has always put profits before people, a characteristic which should preclude holding public office but which is praised in the sociopathic ruling class circles that anoint America's 'leaders.'
Many dystopian works of literature and film use the term "guardian" to denote secret police, and the term fits Fauci perfectly. The immunologist even undermined his own fearmongering when he all but admitted the "gold standard" PCR test used to diagnose Covid-19 is essentially useless – yet gleefully uses these bogus test results to terrorize the American population.
Time is far from alone in lionizing Fauci – indeed, the entire media establishment hangs on his every word. The editor of Yale University's book of notable quotes declared Fauci's "wear a mask" to be quote of the year – even though the official had, just a few months before imploring Americans to mask up, declared such a precaution unnecessary, and even detrimental.
Given the utter disaster 2020 has been for the US and many other countries, perhaps it's fitting that Fauci should be selected to epitomize it. But with the rollout of barely-tested vaccines looming in the future, and the possibility that a "don't call it a mandate" vaccination certificate will be a requirement to participate in what passes for normal life post-Covid-19, Americans should seriously reconsider placing their trust in this avatar of medical totalitarianism.
Read more at: RT.com
Tagged Under: authoritarianism, Corona Virus, coronavirus, covid-19, Fauci, infections, Medical Tyranny, outbreak, pandemic, Time Magazine
NYC Restaurant will soon charge diners $50 for on-site COVID-19 test
IT'S WAR: Communist China successfully infiltrated vaccine giants Pfizer, AstraZeneca and GlaxoSmithKline as part of "unrestricted warfare" to defeat the US military and conquer North America
12/13/2020 / By Mike Adams
Oregon punishing COVID-19 victims for being white, offering economic relief funds only to black-owned businesses in violation of 14th Amendment
Higher vitamin D levels, stronger immune response protect children from COVID-19
Pfizer shares fall after it slashed projected coronavirus vaccine production for 2020 in half
COVID19 – Evidence of global fraud
Nebraska police will only enforce city's mask mandate if complaints are raised
COVID & the Great Reset – Connecting the Dots (PART 1)
Most NYC firefighters will not be getting vaccinated for COVID-19
DEPOPULATION VAX: Trial subjects injected with coronavirus vaccines suddenly test positive for HIV – updated
UK allowed mysterious 3-hour COVID-19 aerosol "test flight" over nation | {
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Q: What is the difference between regular function and arrow Function in NodeJS? i learn node js with using Video tutorial . I don't get the point of Arrow function .What is the main difference between regular function and arrow function?
enter image description here
A: Arrow functions are a more concise way to write function, introduced in ES6.
Arrow functions are anonymous functions, which means you cannot name it.
Example 1:
var addRegular = function(x, y) { return x + y };
var addArrow = (x, y) => x + y;
Arrow functions do not bind to this, they don't create their own this, thus the enclosing this is beeing used.
Example 2:
//1. regular function, creates own scope
function Counter() {
//set count to 0
this.count = 0;
var setOne = function () {
this.count = 1;
};
setOne();
}
var c = new Counter();
console.log(c.count);// outer count will stay unchanged.
//2. arrow function, uses outer this
function Counter() {
this.count = 0;
var setTwo = () => {this.count = 2};
setTwo();
}
var c = new Counter();
console.log(c.count);//will be equal 2.
Arrow functions have an implicit return value, which means there is no need to write return, this makes those function one-liners, as can be seen in the examples above.
A: *
*Lexical this and arguments
Arrow functions don't have their own this or
arguments binding. Instead, those identifiers are resolved in the lexical scope like any other variable. That means that inside an arrow function, this and arguments refer to the values of this and arguments in the environment the arrow function is defined in
*Arrow functions cannot be called with new
ES2015 distinguishes between functions that are call able and functions that are
construct able. If a function is constructable, it can be called with new , i.e. new User() . If a function is callable, it can be called without
new (i.e. normal function call).
Functions created through function declarations / expressions are both constructable and callable.
Arrow functions (and methods) are only callable. class constructors are only constructable.
If you are trying to call a non-callable function or to construct a non-constructable function, you will get a runtime error.
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Sharon is an unincorporated community located on Mississippi Highway 43 in Madison County, Mississippi, United States. Sharon is approximately southwest of Camden and northeast of Canton. Sharon is located within the Jackson Metropolitan Statistical Area.
Although an unincorporated community, Sharon has a post office and zip code of 39163.
History
Between 1837 and 1873, Sharon was home to an early female seminary called Sharon Female College. Sharon was also home to Madison College, founded in 1845.
Notable natives and residents
James Champlain — blind philanthropist involved in the founding of the Mississippi School for the Blind.
K. C. Douglas — blues musician.
References
Unincorporated communities in Madison County, Mississippi
Unincorporated communities in Mississippi | {
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We have seen several examples recently of overseas individuals discovering that they have a UK tax problem, even if they have never visited that country. Lisa Spearman is a partner with Mercer & Hole, a top 40 UK firm and founder member of TIAG. Lisa sets out some signposts to watch out for which could indicate that UK tax could be an issue.
You might not think that UK tax is relevant to you but some recent examples have highlighted that increasingly stringent and aggressive tax rules in the UK have extended its reach way outside our borders and individuals from overseas need to consider whether they could be affected. There are three main taxes in the UK: income tax (IT), capital gains tax (CGT) and Inheritance tax (IHT) and I will look at each in turn together with some more general observations.
The UK taxes its residents on worldwide income and gains (unless they can use the so-called remittance basis of which more later) and non-residents on UK source income. Clearly not even the UK wishes to deter inward investment so there are some exemptions for non-residents who receive only dividends and interest. However if you have any rental income or trading income from the UK, you should make sure that it is fully returned in both countries and that the relevant claims are made under a Double Tax Treaty, if it exists, to minimise any double counting. You should be aware that the basis of taxation can be different from country to country and combined with currency differentials it is not always a perfect system.
Generally non UK residents are not within the scope of UK tax but there are two important exceptions. The first is that if you have previously lived in the UK and are overseas for less than 5 tax years (a tax year ends on 5 April), any profits that you realise in the overseas period can be taxed on your return to the UK so it is worth keeping the records. Bear in mind that the UK calculates profit or loss in sterling so with recent currency movements some unexpected results can occur.
The second area of concern is that since 2013 for companies and 2015 for individuals, any non UK resident who disposes of residential property must make a tax return within 30 days of the disposal and, if they have made a sterling profit, must pay CGT at 28%. The good news is that the cost basis applies from the dates on which the charge was introduced rather than the actual base cost if acquisition was before then but you may need a local valuer to establish what that cost basis is and 30 days is not much time so forward planning is a good idea. The less good news is that from April 2019 we are expecting this regime to be extended to any sales of real property in the UK. HM Revenue & Customs – the British tax authority- is unsympathetic to the argument that a non-resident may not know about this charge or the need for a tax return (even if there is no gain) and penalties can be expensive.
IHT is our gifts and estate tax which is levied on any UK assets where the donor's estate is more than £325,000. The rate of tax is 40% on death transfers and 20% on lifetime transfers. There is a relief for lifetime gifts between individuals if the donor survives the gift by 7 years and there are exemptions for certain business property and farmland but many people get caught out as the tax also applies on the creation of and during the lifetime of a trust. Often trusts in other jurisdictions or other vehicles such as foundations work a little differently to UK ones and it is crucial to seek advice – ideally beforehand - if you are thinking about transferring any UK property into a trust or if you are a trustee who holds UK property. For trusts, even if you have purchased the property or it is indebted in some way, if the value derives directly or indirectly from a UK asset then there can also be so-called periodic charges which are at 6% of the value of the assets on every tenth anniversary of the trust or where capital leaves the trust at other times. For example, if you have an Australian trust which owns shares in a company which owns UK real estate, there can be an IHT charge in the trust.
If an individual, anywhere in the world, dies owning UK property IHT is in point even if they have never set foot in the UK. It is worthwhile checking your investment portfolio for UK shares and considering, if the holding is more than £325,000 whether they can be given away during your lifetime or on your death, left to a spouse, or held in some other way to keep the UK IHT to the minimum.
The UK looks at the residence and domicile status of individuals in assessing their liability to tax. Residence is considered year by year using criteria set out in our statutory residence test. It is not just about day counts but looks at other connections to the UK such as available accommodation, working time and the location of family. Particularly bearing in mind that we count in years ended 5 April, if you make frequent trips to the UK and have some of these connections it may be worth having your residence status checked out.
Domicile is the long-term concept of where your permanent settled home is. People who are domiciled outside the United Kingdom have historically enjoyed a number of UK tax advantages. From a UK point of view every person is born with a domicile of origin which they inherit at birth usually from the father. A domicile of origin can be changed if connections with the original country are severed and a new permanent home is established. What you need to know is firstly, that the UK has recently limited the tax advantages so that they can only be used for 15 years. Secondly and most relevant here is that for tax purposes, the UK no longer recognises the change in domicile described if the individual resumes UK residence even for a relatively short time. Individuals who were born in the UK of then British parents are known as formerly domiciled residents and they can experience unexpected and expensive tax issues.
Say, for example, that Joe was born in the UK but his parents moved to Australia when he was two. They took citizenship and Joe is Australian for all purposes and he has never been back to the UK. However, he has, now aged 40, been offered a three year job in the UK. From the time he arrives in the UK Joe would be wholly taxable on his worldwide income and gains and subject to IHT on his worldwide estate during his residence and for at least four tax years after his departure. This is often an unexpected complication and Joe who not got United Kingdom focussed finances may need specific advice at an early stage. If you replace Australia with perhaps, United States, the problems can be magnified but the principle is true of any country in the world.
Further specific advice on any matters referred to must be taken at all times. The information is given for general guidance only and publication is without responsibility for loss occasioned to any person acting or refraining from acting as a result of the information given. | {
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Soooo Blogger deleted my Nark & Norah's Infinite Playlist post and a few others over the past week by the request of a label or 2. I haven't had this happen to me before. I mean, I've had people delete the sendspace links, but maybe this is the RIAA's new tactic.
"wow! thanks for adding city on fire to this mix! theres some really dope stuff on here.
How cool is that? I added "City on Fire" by Che Grand to my latest mixtape, he noticed and actually thanked me for it. The game needs more artists like that. Hopefully, you'll be hearing more Che Grand in this spot in the future.
If you need Nark & Norah's Infinite Playlist in your life, e-mail me. Keep checking back for my next move. I'm contemplating switching to WordPress, but we'll see. | {
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Livre d'heures – Book of Hours
2019 | Short Film
The experimental film Livre d'heures/Book of Hours is a fictionalised account by Suzan Noesen of her experiences while living together with her 87-year-old grandmother. Developed in collaboration over several months and rehearsed in improvisation sessions for two weeks prior to the shoot, Book of Hours starts a journey of self-discovery that deals with intergenerational differences, identity and the interdependence between two women.
Structured like a Christian book of hours – a religious calendar for every-day, social life in medieval times – the film is separated into four chapters: "Patterns", "The Virgin Hours", "The Divine Office of Time" and "The Penitential Psalms". Each serves to mediate the individual, conflicting perceptions of duration of these two women born two generations apart. Looking at their small gestures and interactions in daily life, the differences in body and speech rhythm creates conflicting temporalities through the close, lingering relationship of the camera with the characters and their surroundings.
Placing these two women within this timelessness of slow, observational cinema, their separate identities shines through in speech, manner and visual patterns. "Bomi", Noesen's grandmother, relates to nature and seasons, cherishes traditions and rituals and demonstrates a timeless curiosity about the world and her grand-daughter's endeavours.
Tied to the pressures of our modern-day, accelerated existence, Suzan and her art are trapped by time into the pressures of delivering, creating and performing. Despite living figuratively in separate "times", the two women meet through a candid relationship and a bond that surpasses past, present and future: the shared destiny of women or maybe the intergenerational link inherent to female identity and family. The film also enters another surreal dimension with an unknown girl, who walks with her bicycle aimlessly through the woods. In this psychological twilight zone, this mysterious figure seems to search for her way, a new path or even an identity perhaps. She serves as a metaphor for a female identity passed down through heritage looking for a new destiny.
From the micro-gestures and patterns of daily life, Suzan Noesen pieces together a compelling portrait of two women which delivers a real insight into the performativity and fluidity of personal identity.
Original title Livres d'Heures
Cast Yvonne Noesen-Ries, Suzan Noesen, Alina Faber, Yannis Meys
Writer and Director Suzan Noesen
Cinematographer Amandine Klee
Editor Pia Dumont
Sound Bruno Schweisguth
Music Georges Goerens
Set and Costume Michèle Tonteling
Producer Suzan Noesen, Yasin Özen
First Assistant Director Yasin Özen
Graphic Design Amel Kemmerich
Format DCP, colour
Lenght 25 min
First broadcast March 8th, 2019, 9th Luxembourg City Film Festival, Luxembourg
For a preview of the short film contact me here.
Realised with the support of
Livre d'heures, 2019, film still, © Amandine Klee, Suzan Noesen | {
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Webinar on 'The European Data Governance Act from a data sovereignty perspective'
webinar european data governance act data sovereignty perspective
Why is the European Data Governance Act (DGA) important in terms of how data will be shared in the future? How can data sovereignty be anchored in the DGA? And why is it time for some moonshot thinking in relation to data? These and other topics will be discussed during a live webinar on 25 May 2021 (from 15:00-16:30 CET).
In the 1960s, US President John F. Kennedy's moonshot thinking guided NASA's human spaceflight efforts and inspired a generation of Americans to exercise the freedom to choose their destiny rather than have it chosen for them. Now, the time has come for Europe to exercise the freedom to choose its destiny in terms of data. It is therefore important that policymakers and decision-makers include the right governance framework in the final version of the DGA.
The moonshot
Hosted by moderator Rikka Kampi of MyData Global, this webinar is an ideal chance to learn more about the role the DGA can play in the balance of power over data, the evolution of the digital economy, data sovereignty, data spaces and digital soft infrastructures. It is also your opportunity to engage in the discussion and participate in some moonshot thinking. How can Europe take a groundbreaking approach and define a radically different way of dealing with data in the future – a way that establishes trust, allowing people and organisations to share data effortlessly whilst staying in control?
The webinar programme
Setting the scene: Why is the Data Governance Act important for our future way of sharing data? By Viivi Lähteenoja, Senior Advisor at MyData Global
Why data sovereignty? By Katryna Dow, CEO and Founder of Meeco
What is a soft infrastructure? By Jaana Sinipuro, Project Director IHAN at the Finnish Innovation Fund Sitra
Common European data spaces By Lars Nagel, CEO of International Data Spaces Association, and Douwe Lycklama, founding partner of INNOPAY
How can data sovereignty be anchored in the DGA? By Antti Poikola, Programme Advisor and Board Member at MyData Global, and Mariane ter Veen, Director Data Sharing at INNOPAY
Click here to register for the webinar on 25 May (from 15:00-16:30 CET)
INNOPAY supports the Data Sovereignty Now campaign which underlines the importance of self-control over data ('data sovereignty') by organisations and individuals | {
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AQS is a brand committed to cutting-edge style and next-level design, but one thing distinguishes them from the competition: they want to smash the idea of gender roles in the world of fashion. Take, for instance, their knit unisex lounge-pant, featuring a wide elastic waistband that will provide all day and night comfort for men, women, and everyone in-between. Time to relax like a champ. | {
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In the years since the introduction of the personal computer and the realization that it was the cause of workplace health problems, many guidelines have been published concerning the best viewing angles and distances. With few exceptions these guidelines recommend distances and angles that are contrary to the known qualities of the visual system. The distances allowed are too close and the angles too high. The proven relationship between viewing angle and viewing distance is mostly ignored.
When we look at close objects the ciliary muscle changes the shape of the lens. The lens bends the light rays so they strike the retina at a single point, allowing a sharp image to be interpreted by the brain.2 If this point is too far in front of or behind the retina, excessive blur results. The brain's reaction to this blur stimulates the ciliary muscle to alter the shape of the lens which brings the object into sharper focus.
The eyes have a resting point of accommodation. This is the distance at which the eye focuses when there is nothing to look at. At one time this resting point was thought to be infinity. Recent studies have shown this not to be the case.3 This resting point differs among individuals, but the average is about 31 ½ inches.4 Prolonged viewing of a monitor closer than your resting point of accommodation increases eye strain.5 The ciliary muscle must work two and a half times harder to focus on a monitor 12 inches away than it does to focus at 30 inches.
The closest distance at which an object can be brought into sharp focus is called the near point of accommodation. As we get older, the lens undergoes changes which cause the near point to get farther away.
A 15-year-old can focus as close as 3 inches. At age 32 the near point averages 4.5 inches; at 40 it is 10 inches; at 50 it is 20 inches; at 60 it reaches about 39 inches.6 At around the age of 40, many people with otherwise adequate vision begin to hold reading material farther and farther from their eyes until their "arms get too short". They then require reading glasses.
The closer the object the more the extraocular muscles converge the eyes inward toward the nose. Convergence allows both eyes to focus the object at the same place on the retina.
The resting point of vergence has an even greater impact on eyestrain than the resting point of accommodation. Jaschinski-Kruza12 divided subjects into two groups. The first (near) group had resting points of accommodation of around 20 inches. The second (far) group's resting points of accommodation average 40 inches.
Both groups performed computer work at viewing distances of 20 inches and 40 inches. As expected, the near group had less eyestrain working at 20 inches than the far group. But both the near and far groups had less eyestrain at the 40 inch distance. Both groups judged the 20 inch monitor distance as "too near", and accepted the 40 inch distance.
When Jaschinski-Kruza measured productivity he found that both groups had greater productivity at the 40 inch distance.
He concluded that increased convergence seems to be the crucial stressing factor in visual strain.
The resting point of vergence changes with viewing angle. The lower the gaze angle, the more the resting point of vergence tends to move closer. Averaging the results of 24 subjects, Heuer13 found that, with a 30 degree upward gaze angle, the unstimulated eyes would converge on a target about 53 inches away. Looking horizontally, the viewing distance would be about 44 inches.
When looking down 30 degrees, the resting point of vergence equals about 35 inches of viewing distance.
Chaffin15 discovered that the time it took workers to achieve pain and fatigue increased at 30 to 45 degrees forward neck tilt. He noted that a forward neck posture of 15 degrees caused no subjective feeling of fatigue or pain.
The preferences of computer users correspond with the physiological findings.
We do not know of a single study in which users preferred an eye to screen distance of anywhere near the viewing distance of 12 inches allowed by ANSI/HFS 100-1988.
In what would be a normal computer-work position, the average preferred angle was -29 degrees.
They found that the closer the object, the more downward people wanted to look. When the target was 40 inches away, the preferred viewing angle was -30 degrees. When the target was moved in to 20 inches, the downward preference increased to -38 degrees.
The head was not permitted to move during these tests, so the downward gaze angle was caused solely by movement of the eyes.
As Hill and Kroemer wrote in Preferred Declination of the Line of Sight, "....it is unclear what research, if any, has contributed to the current human factors recommendations on the preferred line of sight in the midsagittal plane". The same holds true for the current recommendations for viewing distance.
None of the current guidelines address the critical interrelationship between viewing angle and distance.
If you would like to read a more technical article on this subject (by the same author), please click here.
2 For the latest explanation of how this happens, see the Sept. 1992 issue of Scientific American.
20 The Frankfurt Plane is an imaginary reference line passing from the center of the ear hole through the bottom of the eyeball socket. When the head tilts forward, the Frankfurt Plane tilts with it.
Boorish, I.M., 1970, Clinical Refraction, The Professional Press, p.180.
Chaffin, D.B., "Localized Muscle Fatique - Definition and Measurement," 1973, Journal of Occupational Medicine, 15, 4, 346-354.
Collins, C.C., et al, 1975, Muscle strain during unrestrained human eye movements. Journal of Physiology, (London) 245, 351-369.
Fisher, R.F., 1977, The force of contraction of the human ciliary muscle during accommodation. Journal of Physiology (London) 270, 51-74.
Grandjean, E., 1987, "Ergonomics in Computerized Offices" Taylor & Francis, London.
Grandjean, E., et al, 1983, "VDT workstation design: preferred settings and their effects." Human Factors , 25, 161-175.
Heuer, H., Owens, D., 1989, Vertical gaze direction and the resting posture of the eyes. Preception, 18, 363-377.
Hill, S.G., Kroemer, K.H.E., 1986, Preferred Declination of the Line of Sight. Human Factors, 28, 2, 127-134.
Jaschinski-Kruza, W., 1988, Visual strain during VDU work: the effect of viewing distance and dark focus. Ergonomics, 31, 10, 1449-1465.
Jaschinski-Kruza, W., 1990, On the preferred viewing distances to screen and document at VDU workplaces. Ergonomics, 33, 8, 1055-1063.
Jaschinski-Kruza, W., 1991, Eyestrain in VDU Users: Viewing Distance and the Resting Position of Ocular Muscles. Human Factors, 33, 1, 69-83.
Krueger, H., 1984, Visual Functions in Office Including VDUs (Introductory paper) Ergonomics and Heath in Modern Offices, Taylor & Frances.
Owens, D.A., 1984, The resting state of the eyes. American Scientist, 72, 378-387.
Ripple, P., 1952, Variation of Accommodation in Vertical Directions of Gaze, American Journal of Ophthalmology, 35, 1630-1634.
Tyrrell, R., Leibowitz, H., 1990, The Relation of Vergence Effort to Reports of Visual Fatigue Following Prolonged Near Work, Human Factors, 32, 3, 341-357.
Von Noorden, G., 1985, Binocular Vision and Ocular Motility, CV Mosby, St. Louis, p. 81-83. | {
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HOMEPAGE HOME
Problems With Bricklaying
By: Jagg Xaxx
Updated on: May 13, 2017
Cinder block wall problems
What to Do About Crumbling Brick?
What Is Brick Weathering?
How to use brick acid
How to Build a Brick Corner
bricks. image by Saskia Massink from Fotolia.com
Bricklaying is a science and an art. A good bricklayer is consistantly assessing various aspects of the work as he progresses, including the vertical straightness of the wall, the consistency of the mortar, the width of the joints, and the level of each brick. If any of these factors begin to stray from optimum, problems can result, either immediately or down the road.
Dry Mortar
Mortar that has had insufficient amounts of water added will not adhere properly to the bricks. After it has dried, it will begin to flake and produce sand, and bricks will more-easily come loose. The more slowly mortar dries, the stronger it becomes, so one solution to this is to soak bricks in water before adding them to the wall. When this is done, the water will migrate out of the brick slowly, slowing down the curing of the mortar and causing the wall to end up much stronger than it would otherwise be.
Lack of Plumb
The term "plumb" refers to the verticality of a wall, something that is very important when laying bricks. A string with a weight on it, when hung down the side of the wall, should be perfectly parallel to the face of the wall. This indicates that the wall is in a direct line with gravity. Mortar and brick have very high compressive strength, but relatively low tensile strength. What this means is that they are very strong when the force of gravity and compression descends directly through them, but will break fairly easily if they are pulled apart. The more on an angle a brick wall is, the more pulling strength there is against the mortar, and the more likely it is to fail. The reason that brick arches work well is that they transform tensile pressure into compressive pressure by directing the force of gravity around the curve of the arch and down the wall.
Unstable Foundations
Unstable foundations may lead to major bricklaying problems that are not the fault of the bricklayer. If the foundation on which the bricks are laid is poorly built, or is itself built on soil that is poorly compacted or excessively wet, this may lead to movement in the foundation and in the wall. Because of the lack of tensile strength in bricks and mortar, this can lead to the cracking of joints and to the eventual loss of bricks from the wall.
Holton Brothers: Nothing Lasts Forever... Not Even Stone and Brick!
Master Masonry: Problems With Newer Brick Homes
Jagg Xaxx has been writing since 1983. His primary areas of writing include surrealism, Buddhist iconography and environmental issues. Xaxx worked as a cabinetmaker for 12 years, as well as building and renovating several houses. Xaxx holds a Doctor of Philosophy in art history from the University of Manchester in the U.K. | {
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Pretty Mandy, a 5-year-old tri-headed white, has been adopted and will be living in Wisconsin. Mandy originally came to MWCR after spending the first few years of her life as an outdoor farm dog. This diminutive diva has returned to us after spending a couple years learning all about the comforts of indoor living and even passing her Canine Good Citizen test. Mandy is a sweet and clever girl who is now sharing her life with a new mom, dad, human brother and collie sister. Congratulations to the whole family!
I am so excited to share the news that Ginger Bear has been adopted and will be living in Minnesota. This beautiful, sweet collie girl, with an immune system disorder which affects her skin, was sadly surrendered to MWCR by her loving family when they were unable to successfully treat her condition. Ginger Bear has been through lots of testing and treatment and she was doing so well with the help of her awesome foster mom that she was ready to move on to her new home. She is already settling in nicely and we're sure she will continue to do well in this loving home which has exactly the kind of low stress environment that her condition calls for. Congratulations to this sweet girl!
Handsome Luke, a 1-year-old tricolor male, has been adopted and will be living in Wisconsin. His sweet personality is testament to just how much he has been loved in the past and his future is also going to be full of lots of love and attention. This big, gorgeous boy will now be sharing his life with a young family complete with two human brothers, a collie sibling and a huge fenced yard for awesome play times. Congratulations to all!
Stunning Star, a 1-year-old tri-headed white, has been adopted and will be living in Wisconsin. This sweet, gentle young lady loves cuddles, playtime and her new collie brother, who is just as smitten with her. Star has become part of the club known as "Foster Failures"and we couldn't be happier that she found the perfect place for her so easily. | {
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Why your facebook page isn't a community (and how to fix it)
With 2.4-billion active users, the Facebook community is the largest in the world. Its enormous reach has made it the holy grail of digital marketing, both for inbound strategies and sponsored advertising. Facebook communities (business pages) number in the tens of millions as brands tap into vast audiences with a view to increasing engagement and bringing revenue to new heights. That all sounds rather good, doesn't it?
Unfortunately, the reality is very different. In fact, one study even found that only a paltry 17% of marketers could accurately quantify their social media ROI. Considering how much time it takes to build and maintain a long-term social media strategy, that doesn't paint Facebook et al in the most positive light. The real problem? Your Facebook community isn't YOUR brand community, and here's why.
Facebook engagement rates are at an all-time low
While engagement doesn't necessarily equal profit, it does help you benchmark how effective your inbound marketing strategies are. The more people engage with your content, the greater the reach of your brand. But before we start looking at the often appallingly low engagement rates on mainstream social media, we should first understand what constitutes engagement. And no, it's not likes.
Engagement rates on Facebook (and most other social platforms) are typically measured in terms of likes, comments and shares. Likes are often considered small endorsements, and when someone 'likes' your brand page, they become a follower and start seeing updates from your Facebook community in their newsfeeds. At least, that's the way it's supposed to work. The only problem is that the visibility of branded content from business community has dropped by 50% over the past couple of years. This is due to Facebook's recent timeline algorithm update, which gives much greater visibility to content posted on personal profiles and encourages businesses to invest more in sponsored advertising to regain their visibility.
The main problem with relying on likes as an engagement metric is that most users who follow your brand never even visit your Facebook community. Comments and shares are a little more useful, since they require a little more effort, but even many of they rarely lead to more website visitors or any further interaction. Even with these relatively low-value engagement rates, the average in the retail sector, for example, stands at a woefully poor 0.8% for photos and just over 0.2% for status updates.
Of course, there are exceptions, and there are some brands that are still doing extremely well on Facebook. But for many companies, it's a waste of time, effort, and money. After all, a brand community that's nothing but one-sided communication isn't really a community at all. Sure, you might want to try investing in sponsored advertising, but meaningful engagement normally isn't something you can just buy in the days of banner blindness.
A real brand community is a fan club. But there's much more to having an active fan club than having an impressive-looking number of followers, most of whom never have anything more to do with your company than clicking on the like button. After all, we're constantly surrounded by distractions, and Facebook is one of the noisiest digital spaces of all. There's also the fact that a lot of people, particularly millennials, are leaving Facebook. Depending on your target audience, there's a good chance your Facebook community will become a digital ghost town too, if it isn't already. That's the exact opposite of a community.
Should you close your Facebook business community?
The short answer is it depends.
Of course, if your business is one of the few that's still making a significant impact on Facebook, and your customers are highly active there, then the last thing you'll probably want to do is close your business page. Even then, there might be a case for closing it down and starting anew on another platform. One small business owner recently did just that, despite having over 60,000 followers on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram combined. The reason cited was poor engagement rates, driven by the fact that people aren't capable of having relationships with thousands of people.
Things eventually reach a point of diminishing returns, where the interactions that do still exist become increasingly meaningless. Researchers describe this as Dunbar's number, first proposed by British anthropologist Robin Dunbar in the 90s. The figure stands at between 150 and 250 – the cognitive limit to the number of people we can maintain meaningful social relationships with. The average number of 'friends' people have on Facebook stands at 338, although most of us know people with twice that and more. In conclusion, if you're dependant on Facebook solely because of the numbers game, then it's probably time for a rethink.
Many established brands have almost a decade's worth of investment in social media behind them, so it's hardly surprising it can be difficult to let go of. But social media marketing isn't getting any easier, at least not if you're relying on the major channels. After all, you're not the one in control – Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and all the others, rely on advertising revenue for their profits, and every algorithm update or other change to the platform is made, first and foremost, for their benefit; not yours. Add the constant barrage of privacy and security threats into the mix, and you have even more reasons to shun mainstream social media.
If you're among the many brands which are having difficulties quantifying the ROI of Facebook marketing, yet you're still putting a lot of effort into it, then it's probably time for a rethink.
Building a real brand community
With the future of the Facebook community in question, it's time for brands to retake control over their digital strategies and, in doing so, reduce their dependence on third-party platforms. If you're not seeing conversions from your Facebook audience or, at the very least, website traffic, then you don't have an effective community. And, rather than trying to make it work, a better approach might be to build something of your own.
Brand communities can take many different forms. Aside from channels like groups and pages on social media, there are many options for building your own community over which you have full control. Website forums are one such example, and there's plenty of free and paid open-source forum software you can implement and configure with only a little technical knowledge. With the right approach, you can develop a thriving, close-knit customer community that revolves around meaningful relationships between your business and its customers and between customers themselves. The forum experience differs slightly from social media in its interface and can feel dated to members unfamiliar with it.
Another option is to build a full-fledged branded social network if your own. Not only will this provide an instantly familiar experience to your customers (most of whom are no doubt used to social networking already); it also lets you cut out the fake profiles and spam and take back control. Instead of being at the mercy of massive global ad platforms like Facebook, you can choose the features and functions you and your customers need and preserve your branding to ensure your business remains at the centre of attention.
These purpose-driven communities might not have the reach of major social channels, but they can give rise to much more productive discussions around everything from customer success to support to product ideation.
Mike Harrower in
Mike Harrower in Community building
See how a Disciple community
can fit your business needs
See how a Disciple community can fit your business needs
Building an online community from scratch: a complete guide
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How the Best Businesses Build Brand Communities (+Examples)
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Download our Content Ideas Starter Kit | {
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Paddy Shennan: After the Paris attacks, let's embrace our humdrum days
The people of Paris would give anything for the return of normality and routine
Paddy ShennanSpecialist Writer
The Eiffel Tower illuminated in Red, White and Blue in honour of the victims of Friday's terrorist attacks in Paris
There are people who say they don't like their lives much because they are made up of far too many groundhog days. Every day, they feel, is just the same – or a slightly different shade of grey.
There are people who don't like their lives much because, well, they're not bad as such – they just seem bland and beige.
And there are people who don't like their lives much because they feel they're "trapped" in a comfort zone.
But millions of us should be so grateful for our groundhog days – while no one should ever complain about living in a comfort zone. There's one important thing people should never forget about comfort zones – they're comfortable.
There is so much to be said for normality and routine. The people of Paris would give anything for the return of normality and routine and their own groundhog days, following the appalling events of Friday night.
Perspective is priceless, and we all now have – or should have – a sense of it.
St George's Hall is lit up in the colours of the French flag as Liverpool shows its support for France in the wake of the Paris attacks (Image: Andrew Teebay)
Maybe, such is human nature, it won't last long, but we can look at our supposedly normal, humdrum lives in a new light – and count our blessings.
Count our blessings for the love in our lives – the love of family and friends that we probably take for granted because it's so familiar and is all around us every day.
Count our blessings for the laughter in our lives.
Count our blessings that little things really do mean a lot. Simple pleasures may be simple, but, again, they are simply priceless.
We all have everyday hassles and headaches, and have been driven to distraction on a regular basis by tiresome irritants who seem to have been put on this earth to torment us. But we now know how pathetically miniscule and unworthy of our time all this is.
So many people will have gone out in Paris on Friday night to escape their everyday cares and concerns, hassles and headaches – and for some, tragically, it was the last thing they did.
Life can be painfully short, which is why we should cherish it. Our lives may be far from perfect, but we have the power – and the perspective – to look at them differently. Others no longer have that luxury.
Liverpool FCTrent Alexander-Arnold is doing something no other Premier League player can at LiverpoolTrent Alexander-Arnold is one of Europe's top players for making progressive passes
Unconventional Luiz Diaz transfer can breathe new life into Liverpool frontline
Liverpool FCPorto's Luis Diaz plays as a winger in a 4-4-2 formation yet his stats suggest he'd be at home as a wide forward in Liverpool's 4-3-3 | {
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Q: Stubbing out functions or classes Can you explain the concept stubbing out functions or classes taken from this article?
class Loaf:
pass
This class doesn't define any methods or attributes, but syntactically, there needs to be something in the definition, so you use pass. This is a Python reserved word that just means "move along, nothing to see here". It's a statement that does nothing, and it's a good placeholder when you're stubbing out functions or classes.`
thank you
A: A 'stub' is a placeholder class or function that doesn't do anything yet, but needs to be there so that the class or function in question is defined. The idea is that you can already use certain aspects of it (such as put it in a collection or pass it as a callback), even though you haven't written the implementation yet.
Stubbing is a useful technique in a number of scenarios, including:
*
*Team development: Often, the lead programmer will provide class skeletons filled with method stubs and a comment describing what the method should do, leaving the actual implementation to other team members.
*Iterative development: Stubbing allows for starting out with partial implementations; the code won't be complete yet, but it still compiles. Details are filled in over the course of later iterations.
*Demonstrational purposes: If the content of a method or class isn't interesting for the purpose of the demonstration, it is often left out, leaving only stubs.
A: Note that you can stub functions like this:
def get_name(self) -> str : ...
def get_age(self) -> int : ...
(yes, this is valid python code !)
It can be useful to stub functions that are added dynamically to an object by a third party library and you want have typing hints.
Happens to me... once :-)
A: Ellipsis ... is preferable to pass for stubbing.
pass means "do nothing", whereas ... means "something should go here" - it's a placeholder for future code. The effect is the same but the meaning is different.
A:
stubbing out functions or classes
This refers to writing classes or functions but not yet implementing them. For example, maybe I create a class:
class Foo(object):
def bar(self):
pass
def tank(self):
pass
I've stubbed out the functions because I haven't yet implemented them. However, I don't think this is a great plan. Instead, you should do:
class Foo(object):
def bar(self):
raise NotImplementedError
def tank(self):
raise NotImplementedError
That way if you accidentally call the method before it is implemented, you'll get an error then nothing happening.
A: Stubbing is a technique in software development. After you have planned a module or class, for example by drawing it's UML diagram, you begin implementing it.
As you may have to implement a lot of methods and classes, you begin with stubs. This simply means that you only write the definition of a function down and leave the actual code for later. The advantage is that you won't forget methods and you can continue to think about your design while seeing it in code.
A: The reason for pass is that Python is indentation dependent and expects one or more indented statement after a colon (such as after class or function).
When you have no statements (as in the case of a stubbed out function or class), there still needs to be at least one indented statement, so you can use the special pass statement as a placeholder. You could just as easily put something with no effect like:
class Loaf:
True
and that is also fine (but less clear than using pass in my opinion).
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<body class="article toc2 toc-left">
<div id="header">
<h1>Структурно програмирање</h1>
<div class="details">
<span id="author" class="author">Аудиториски вежби 11</span><br>
</div>
<div id="toc" class="toc2">
<div id="toctitle">Содржина</div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#Датотеки">1. Датотеки</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#Потсетување-од-предавања">1.1. Потсетување од предавања</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-1">1.2. Задача 1</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-2">1.3. Задача 2</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-3">1.4. Задача 3</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-4">1.5. Задача 4</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-5">1.6. Задача 5</a></li>
<li><a href="#Задача-6">1.7. Задача 6</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#Изворен-код-од-примери-и-задачи">2. Изворен код од примери и задачи</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div id="content">
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="Датотеки">1. Датотеки</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Потсетување-од-предавања">1.1. Потсетување од предавања</h3>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Обработката на датотеки се состои од запишување, вчитување или менување на содржината на датотека зачувана на некој стандарден медиум како хард диск.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Обработката на датотеки во програмскиот јазик C се прави со помош на структурата <code>FILE</code>, дефинирана во <code>stdio.h</code>.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>За да се започне со обработка на датотеката, прво мора да се отвори истата со помош на функцијата <code>fopen()</code>, која како резултат враќа покажувач кон структура <code>FILE*</code>.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="Отворање-на-датотека-за-читање-запишување">1.1.1. Отворање на датотека за читање/запишување</h4>
<hr>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Функција за отворање на датотека:</em></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>FILE* fopen(const char* ime_datoteka, const char* mod);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>ime_datoteka</code> - целосната патека каде е зачувана датотеката која сакаме да ја отвориме, заедно со името на датотеката</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>mod</code> - начин на отворање на датотеката</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Можните начини на отворање на дадена датотека (можни вредности за вториот аргумент <code>mod</code> на функцијата <code>fopen()</code>) се дадени во продолжение.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all spread">
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<col style="width: 83.3334%;">
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<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><strong>Начин</strong></th>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><strong>Значење</strong></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>r</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора постоечка датотека само за читање</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>w</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора (создава) нова датотека за запишување (ако датотеката веќе постои - ќе ја пребрише нејзината содржина)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>a</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора датотека за додавање содржина на крајот од датотеката (ако датотеката не постои - ќе се креира)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>r+</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора постоечка датотека за читање и запишување од почетокот на датотеката</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>w+</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора (создава) нова датотека за читање и запишување (ако датотеката веќе постои - ќе ја пребрише нејзината содржина)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-center valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><code>a+</code></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Отвора датотека за читање и за додавање содржина на крајот од датотеката (ако датотеката не постои - ќе се креира)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<hr>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Пример за отворање на датотека</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c">FILE* fp = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">test.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Се отвора текстуалната датотека "test.txt" во режим за читање.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>За да се отвори датотеката во бинарен мод, се додава буквата <code>b</code> на крајот на аргументот за начинот на отворање (пр. <code>"rb"</code>).</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="Затворање-на-датотека">1.1.2. Затворање на датотека</h4>
<hr>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Функција за затворање на датотека:</em></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fclose(FILE* fp);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>fp</code> - покажувач асоциран на датотеката што сакаме да ја затвориме</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Пример за затворање на датотека</div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c">fclose(fp);</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>По завршување со работа со датотеката, таа треба да се затвори со помош на функцијата <code>fclose()</code></p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Со оваа функција се затвора датотеката на која што во моментот е асоциран покажувачот <code>fp</code> што се предава како аргумент на функцијата</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect3">
<h4 id="Читање-и-запишување-од-во-датотека">1.1.3. Читање и запишување од/во датотека</h4>
<hr>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Функции за читање од датотека:</em></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fscanf(FILE* fp, "kontrolna niza", lista_na_argumenti);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fgetc(FILE* fp);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>char* fgets(char* str, int num, FILE* fp);</code></p>
</div>
<hr>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Функции за запишување во датотека:</em></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fprintf(FILE* fp, "kontrolna niza", lista_na_argumenti);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fputc(char c, FILE* fp);</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>int fputs(const char* str, FILE* fp);</code>
---</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-1">1.2. Задача 1</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Да се напише програма која за дадена текстуална датотека <code>text.txt</code> ќе го одреди и отпечати на екран односот на самогласките и согласките.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако датотеката <code>text.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Zdravo, kako si?
Eve, dobro sum. A ti?
I jas dobro.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш програмата треба да отпечати:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Odnos samoglaski/soglaski: 16/19 = 0.84</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_1.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> e_bukva(<span class="predefined-type">char</span> c) {
<span class="keyword">return</span> (c >= <span class="char">'a'</span> && c <= <span class="char">'z'</span>) || (c >= <span class="char">'A'</span> && c <= <span class="char">'Z'</span>);
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> e_samoglaska(<span class="predefined-type">char</span> c) {
c = tolower(c);
<span class="keyword">switch</span> (c) {
<span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="char">'a'</span>:
<span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="char">'e'</span>:
<span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="char">'i'</span>:
<span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="char">'o'</span>:
<span class="keyword">case</span> <span class="char">'u'</span>:
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">1</span>;
<span class="keyword">default</span>:
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> c;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> soglaski = <span class="integer">0</span>, samoglaski = <span class="integer">0</span>;
FILE *dat;
<span class="comment">// Otvoranje na datoteka za chitanje</span>
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((dat = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">text.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata text.txt ne mozhe da se otvori.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="integer">1</span>;
}
<span class="comment">// Chitanje znak po znak se' dodeka ne se prochita EndOfFile (EOF)</span>
<span class="keyword">while</span> ((c = fgetc(dat)) != <span class="predefined-constant">EOF</span>) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (e_bukva(c)) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (e_samoglaska(c))
samoglaski++;
<span class="keyword">else</span>
soglaski++;
}
}
fclose(dat);
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Odnos samoglaski/soglaski: %d/%d = %5.2f</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, samoglaski, soglaski,
(<span class="predefined-type">float</span>) samoglaski / soglaski);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-2">1.3. Задача 2</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Да се напише програма која секој ред од дадена текстуална датотека <code>vlezna.txt</code> ќе го копира во друга датотека <code>izlezna.txt</code>, така што пред секој прочитан ред од датотеката <code>vlezna.txt</code> ќе додаде уште еден ред во кој ќе стои бројот на знаци што ги содржи прочитаниот ред.
Во секој ред може да има најмногу 80 знаци.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако датотеката <code>vlezna.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Jas ucham Strukturno Programiranje.
Koga se polaga vtoriot kolokvium?
Ne znam, seushte ne e objaveno na sajtot.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш по извршувањето на програмата содржината на датотеката <code>izlezna.txt</code> треба да биде следнава:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>36
Jas ucham Strukturno Programiranje.
34
Koga se polaga vtoriot kolokvium?
41
Ne znam, seushte ne e objaveno na sajtot.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_2.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> MAX <span class="integer">81</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> linija[MAX], *c;
FILE *vlezna, *izlezna;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((vlezna = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">vlezna.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata %s ne mozhe da se otvori.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">vlezna.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="integer">1</span>;
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((izlezna = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">izlezna.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">w</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata %s ne mozhe da se otvori.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">izlezna.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="integer">1</span>;
}
<span class="keyword">while</span> ((fgets(linija, MAX, vlezna)) != <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> br = strlen(linija);
fprintf(izlezna, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">%d</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="content">%s</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, br, linija);
}
fclose(vlezna);
fclose(izlezna);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-3">1.4. Задача 3</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Да се напише програма која ќе ги прочита елементите од една матрица сместена во текстуална датотека <code>matrica1.txt</code>. Во првиот ред од датотеката се запишани бројот на редици и бројот на колони на матрицата. Секој елемент од матрицата е реален број запишан во посебен ред од датотеката.
Потоа матрицата треба да се транспонира и да се запише во нова датотека <code>matrica2.txt</code> на истиот начин.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако датотеката <code>matrica1.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>3 4
2.1
3.2
4.3
5.4
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
6.0
5.5
3.9
1.8</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш по извршувањето на програмата содржината на датотеката <code>matrica2.txt</code> треба да биде следнава:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>4 3
2.1
1.1
6.0
3.2
2.2
5.5
4.3
3.3
3.9
5.4
4.4
1.8</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_3.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdlib.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> MAX <span class="integer">100</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> i, j, m, n;
<span class="predefined-type">float</span> a[MAX][MAX], b[MAX][MAX];
FILE *input, *output;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((input = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">matrica1.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata matrica1.txt ne se otvora!</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
exit(<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> (!feof(input))
fscanf(input, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">%d %d</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, &m, &n);
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((m > MAX) || (n > MAX)) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Mnogu golema matrica!</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> (-<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="integer">0</span>; i < m && !feof(input); i++)
<span class="keyword">for</span> (j = <span class="integer">0</span>; j < n && !feof(input); j++)
fscanf(input, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">%f</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, &a[i][j]);
fclose(input);
<span class="keyword">if</span> (i != m || j != n) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Nema dovolno podatoci vo datotekata!</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> (-<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="integer">0</span>; i < m; i++)
<span class="keyword">for</span> (j = <span class="integer">0</span>; j < n; j++)
b[j][i] = a[i][j];
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((output = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">matrica2.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">w</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata matrica2.txt ne se otvora!</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
exit(<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
fprintf(output, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">%d %d</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, n, m); <span class="comment">/* obratno */</span>
<span class="keyword">for</span> (i = <span class="integer">0</span>; i < n; i++)
<span class="keyword">for</span> (j = <span class="integer">0</span>; j < m; j++)
fprintf(output, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">%7.2f</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, b[i][j]);
fclose(output);
<span class="keyword">return</span> (<span class="integer">0</span>);
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-4">1.5. Задача 4</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Дадена е текстуална датотека <code>SP_primer.txt</code>. Да се напише програма која ќе ја прочита датотеката и на екран ќе го отпечати бројот на редови во кои има повеќе од 10 самогласки, како и вкупниот број на самогласки во датотеката.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако датотеката <code>SP_primer.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Zdravo, kako si?
Eve, dobro sum. A ti?
I jas dobro. Kako se tvoite? Ima li neshto novo?
Dobri se i tie. Si kupiv avtomobil.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш програмата треба да отпечати:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Vkupno 2 reda imaat povekje od 10 samoglaski.
Vo datotekata ima vkupno 42 samoglaski.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_4.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdlib.h></span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> e_samoglaska(<span class="predefined-type">char</span> c) {
<span class="keyword">return</span> c == <span class="char">'a'</span> || c == <span class="char">'e'</span> || c == <span class="char">'i'</span> || c == <span class="char">'o'</span> || c == <span class="char">'u'</span>;
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> red = <span class="integer">0</span>, vkupno = <span class="integer">0</span>;
FILE *dat; <span class="predefined-type">char</span> c;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((dat = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">SP_primer.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata SP_primer.txt ne se otvora</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
exit(-<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> samoglaski = <span class="integer">0</span>;
<span class="keyword">while</span> ((c = fgetc(dat)) != <span class="predefined-constant">EOF</span>) {
<span class="keyword">if</span>(e_samoglaska(tolower(c))) {
++samoglaski;
++vkupno;
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> (c == <span class="char">'\n'</span>) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (samoglaski > <span class="integer">10</span>) {
red++;
}
samoglaski = <span class="integer">0</span>;
}
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> (samoglaski > <span class="integer">10</span>) {
red++;
}
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Vkupno %d reda imaat povekje od 10 samoglaski</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, red);
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Vo datotekata ima vkupno %d samoglaski.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, vkupno);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-5">1.6. Задача 5</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Да се напише програма која за дадена текстуална датотека <code>zborovi.txt</code> ќе ги отпечати на екран сите зборови во кои се појавуваат повеќе од две исти букви (некоја буква се појавува три или повеќе пати). Да не се прави разлика помеѓу мали и големи букви. На крајот треба да се отпечати и бројот на зборови што го задоволуваат условот.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Секој ред во датотеката содржи по еден збор (зборовите се разделени меѓу себе со знак за нов ред). Секој збор е составен само од букви. Максималната должина на зборовите е 20 знаци.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако датотеката <code>zborovi.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>banana
jabolko
Obratnoto
binarnata
dekadniot
Kopakabana</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш програмата треба да отпечати:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>banana
Obratnoto
binarnata
Kopakabana
Vkupno 4 zborovi.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_5.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><ctype.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#define</span> DOLZINA <span class="integer">21</span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> ima_poveke_od2isti(<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *w) {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> *c;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> isti;
<span class="keyword">while</span> (*w) {
c = w + <span class="integer">1</span>;
isti = <span class="integer">1</span>;
<span class="keyword">while</span> (*c) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (tolower(*w) == tolower(*c))
isti++;
c++;
}
<span class="keyword">if</span> (isti > <span class="integer">2</span>)
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">1</span>;
w++;
}
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> zbor[DOLZINA];
FILE *f;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> brzb = <span class="integer">0</span>;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((f = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">zborovi.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata %s ne se otvora.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">zborovi.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
<span class="keyword">return</span> -<span class="integer">1</span>;
}
<span class="keyword">while</span> (fgets(zbor, DOLZINA, f) != <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (ima_poveke_od2isti(zbor)) {
puts(zbor);
brzb++;
}
}
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="content">Vkupno %d zborovi.</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, brzb);
fclose(f);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="Задача-6">1.7. Задача 6</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Да се напише програма која на екран ќе го отпечати бројот на појавувања на даден збор составен само од цифри (зборот се чита од тастатура) во текстуална датотека со име <code>dat.txt</code>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<div class="title">Пример</div>
<p>Ако од тастатура се внесе зборот</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><code>123</code></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>и ако датотеката <code>dat.txt</code> ја има следнава содржина:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Zdravo 123, kako si?
Eve 321, dobro sum. A ti?
I jas dobro. Kako se tvoite 123? Ima li neshto novo? 123
Dobri se i tie. Si kupiv avtomobil.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>тогаш програмата треба да отпечати:</p>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="content">
<pre>Zborot 123 se pojavuva 3 pati vo datotekata.</pre>
</div>
</div>
<div class="listingblock">
<div class="title">Решение <code>p11_6.c</code></div>
<div class="content">
<pre class="CodeRay highlight"><code data-lang="c"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdio.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><stdlib.h></span>
<span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="include"><ctype.h></span>
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> main() {
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> c;
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> brPojavuvanja = <span class="integer">0</span>;
FILE *dat;
<span class="keyword">if</span> ((dat = fopen(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">dat.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">r</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>)) == <span class="predefined-constant">NULL</span>) {
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Datotekata %s ne se otvora!</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, <span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">dat.txt</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
exit(-<span class="integer">1</span>);
}
<span class="predefined-type">char</span> zbor[<span class="integer">50</span>];
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Vnesete zbor za koj kje se bara brojot na pojavuvanja:</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>);
gets(zbor);
<span class="predefined-type">int</span> i = <span class="integer">0</span>, br = <span class="integer">0</span>;
<span class="keyword">while</span> ((c = fgetc(dat)) != <span class="predefined-constant">EOF</span>) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (isdigit(c)) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (c != zbor[i++]) {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (br == strlen(zbor)) {
brPojavuvanja++;
}
br = <span class="integer">0</span>;
i = <span class="integer">0</span>;
} <span class="keyword">else</span> {
br++;
}
} <span class="keyword">else</span> {
<span class="keyword">if</span> (br == strlen(zbor)) {
brPojavuvanja++;
}
br = <span class="integer">0</span>;
i = <span class="integer">0</span>;
}
}
printf(<span class="string"><span class="delimiter">"</span><span class="content">Zborot %s se pojavuva %d pati vo datotekata</span><span class="char">\n</span><span class="delimiter">"</span></span>, zbor,
brPojavuvanja);
<span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="integer">0</span>;
}</code></pre>
</div>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="Изворен-код-од-примери-и-задачи">2. Изворен код од примери и задачи</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="https://github.com/finki-mk/SP/" class="bare">https://github.com/finki-mk/SP/</a>
<a href="https://finki-mk.github.io/SP/sources/sp_av11_src.zip">Source code ZIP</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="footer">
<div id="footer-text">
Last updated 2018-10-27 20:50:21 +02:00
</div>
</div>
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Kirby Morgan's all metal commercial diver's helmet features an all stainless steel version of the Kirby Morgan REX® regulator, as well as a stainless steel sideblock, helmet ring, bent tube, handle, and other key components.
The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diver's Helmet 77 is a new stainless steel metal commercial dive helmet with a rugged outer shell. The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diver's Helmet 77 features an all stainless version of the Kirby Morgan REX® regulator, as well as a stainless steel sideblock, helmet ring, bent tube, handle, and other key components. The Kirby Morgan Rex Quad Valve® Exhaust System is standard on this commercial diving helmet.
The advanced regulator pod on the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 will allow future versions of the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 to be outfitted with other Kirby Morgan regulators, including the Kirby Morgan SuperFlow 350 regulator or the all stainless steel Kirby Morgan SuperFlow 450 regulator. The pod makes it possible to customize the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 with the diving regulator you want as job requirements change. The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 does not require any refinishing if the surface is scratched or gouged, only comes in one color, and it eliminates threaded inserts for securing port retainer to helmet shell.
316 stainless steel shell, is precision CNC machined to tight tolerances, to ensure proper fit to all other mating parts. The shell is durable and easy to maintain.
Kirby Morgan Defogging Steady Flow Valve provides an additional flow of gas into the commercial diving helmet for ventilation and defogging.
Kirby Morgan Emergency (EGS) Valve supplies backup breathing gas to the diver.
Kirby Morgan Side Block Multi use side block has additional ports built in to provide controlled air flow, if needed.
Kirby Morgan Rapid Change Modular Communications System Because the module is easily removed from the commercial diving helmet, repair or replacement of communications parts is quick and trouble free. Kirby Morgan Rapid Change Modular Communications System is available with either a male Marsh Marine style waterproof connector or a bare wire post connection.
Whiskers Bubble deflecting whiskers keep bubbles further from face port and ears, improving visibility and decreasing internal noise.
PullStrap has been improved with the addition of a stainless steel "D" ring. This makes for easier removal. Pull Strap also allows the assembly to easily be hung for drying.
Positive-Lock™ Latch System developed by Kirby Morgan in 1992, consists of two sealed Positive-Lock™ pull pins which are pulled forward to release the neck collar and neck dam locking system. Even when the latches are released, the O-ring sealed neck dam maintains a positive seal and will not allow the seal to be broken until the collar actually clears the commercial diver's shoulders, thus helping to prevent any flooding of the commercial diving helmet.
Head Cushion gives the commercial diving helmet a secure, well balanced feel as well as excellent thermal protection during long work periods.
Kirby Morgan Rex® Demand Valve (patents pending), with it's full adjustment balanced piston is a breakthrough design that exceeds all requirements of all government or other testing agencies. It has the best work-of-breathing performance when compared to ANY other commercial diving helmet. This is our highest performing regulator, with the lowest breathing resistance and best work of breathing.
The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 has been tested and conforms to the performance requirements as set forth in Annex II of Directive 89/686/EEC and, as far as applicable, the EN 250:2000, EN 250/A1:2006 and EN 15333-1:2008 (class B). The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 is fully CE marked with demand valve REX.
The Kirby Morgan Rex® Performance: The Rex regulator on the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 offers high performance. The commercial diving regulator has been tested at Dive Lab at Panama City, Florida. The Kirby Morgan Rex® Commercial Diving Regulator meets or exceeds all current U.S. Navy and European commercial diving standards.
CR Standards: Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmets meet or exceeds all standards established by Dive Lab of Panama City, Florida, and are CR (Commercially Rated) marked.
CE Approved: The Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 is CE Approved.
The minimum operating temperature recommended for the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 is 37 degrees F, only in regards to regulator performance. At the time of this writing, no hot water shroud is available for the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77 for heating the commercial diver's breathing gas.
Without a Kirby Morgan Hot Water Shroud, the commercial diver may be subject to hypothermia due to cold gas inspiration temperatures. Kirby Morgan makes no physiological recommendations regarding minimum safe operating temperatures for commercial divers using the Kirby Morgan Commercial Diving Helmet 77.
Recommended overbottom (OB) gas supply pressure for best performance at depths are calculated by the formula (fsw x 0.445+14.7) + recommended p.s.i.g. | {
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Whilst I was at the Krishna Village, a monk came to spend an afternoon with us, to share his knowledge. The topic was about Understanding Anger. A subject I am very interested in.
Of course, there are a number of ways to deal with anger and after listening to him, his advice struck a chord and I really wanted to share it, in the hope that it might be useful to you.
I think we are often in the mindset, that although we can control our own anger, there's not much we can do about how other people react. But after listening to him, we absolutely have the power to diffuse a situation.
With anger, everyone is a victim, whether you are the one lashing out, or the one being in the firing line of someone else's rage. We are often told that anger is 'bad', that we should control it more and not act out. However, anger is a valid emotion like every other emotion, and we need to find ways in which to process it, healthily. The emotion itself isn't bad, it's how we deal with or react to it, that can make it 'bad'.
In terms of our own emotions, we have all acted out in fury over a so-called wrong-doing, or lashed out because we are tired, hungry, irritated, hormonal. Wham, before you know it, that fire has been released. And sadly, most of these angry outbursts tend to be taken out on those we love.
The trick is to be mindful of how the anger feels in our bodies. There are cues, if you listen carefully. And this why, slowing down and being mindful of ourselves day to day is so important. The more you stop and check in with how you feel throughout the day, the more you become aware of how emotions sit in your body.
Anger has a quality about it, internally, heart rate starts to go up, gut starts to feel uncomfortable, heat starts to rise in the body, that fight or flight response has kicked in. You know that feeling, right? How often do you catch yourself before all hell breaks loose?
When we are faced with someone else's anger, we generally make things worse, by standing up for ourselves and defending our position, we don't think about how we are contributing to the fire.
His advice and a great analogy is to think of a traffic light.
This is when someone is shouting at us, they are in full rage. They are not thinking about what is coming out of their mouths at this point.
This is your time to STOP, breathe, AND don't say a word. Just listen. Anything you say now will only trigger more fury. Think of the last time you were in an argument, was trying to talk to the person helped at all? As much as you want to react and 'protect' yourself, don't. (Obviously, if you are in danger of physical abuse, then this isn't the time to sit and listen). This is incredibly hard to do, but the more you practice it, the easier it will become. Give the person your full attention and really listen to what they are saying. You might not agree with what they are saying, and this is not the time to disagree. If you must, wait until the emotions have settled.
Once the person has vented, or there's a break in the shouting, this is when you tell the person, that you have heard what they have said and you need some time to think about it before responding. At this point, you don't want to make it worse. If you can, give them a time frame of when you can talk again. In this way, you are able to move away from the situation, and gather yourself. Trying to solve anything in the emotion mind is futile. You now have the opportunity to take responsibility for your behaviour and think of the cause and effect of your actions. And ask yourself questions, why did this person react like this, what happened that caused the fury, could you have contributed to their outburst. Something else he said that I hadn't considered is, if you take time out from an argument, you might see that you did in fact trigger something in that person, even if you didn't mean to.
After the agreed time or when you feel calm and in wise mind, get back to the person and apologise for triggering them. Make it clear that you didn't mean to upset them, and be sincere. Speak from your heart.
Hopefully they too will apologise for their reaction. But this isn't up to you. Once you have said sorry, and it only has to be said once, what they do after that is their business, or their Karma.
Some people may never accept responsibility for their behaviour and may continue to blame everyone else. If this is the case, then you need to ask yourself if you are able to tolerate them. Which the monk said is, extremely hard, even the most tolerant and spiritual monks can 'lose their stuff' (his words) when faced with those who are natural born antagonists.
I hope you find this useful. I know I can certainly benefit greatly from his words of wisdom. | {
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Different LCA data describing the impacts of raw materials supply, transport and manufacturing (cradle-to-gate data) can be used in practice, depending on the goal and scope, on their availabilities in LCA or EPD databases, and on the geographical location of the building. In addition, they need to be adapted, e.g. information for the gate-to-grave impacts, or adaptation of the cradle-to-gate data to a different context.Which LCA or EPD data should be used in a building LCA study? How can they be adapted if they are not fully appropriate?
Provisions The practitioner should use existing LCA or EPD databases for selecting cradle-to-gate data or cradle-to-grave data. As far as possible, the practitioner should use a single database for deriving all the data on building products and technical equipment, or otherwise make sure that the building products and technical equipment data are based on identical assumptions.The adaptation of cradle-to-gate data should use consistent rules for building LCA modelling.
Generally speaking, the use of a single database is highly recommended when conducting a building LCA study, so as not to bias the results (e.g. in comparative assertions). Existing LCA or EPD databases are often not comparable, owing to differences in assumptions and methodologies.
However, some data (e.g. for technical equipment) may not have been calculated using the same rules (or the same PCR) as other data (e.g. building products). The use of two different databases can be justified in this case if the main conclusions of the study are not affected by the use of data coming from different sources. Alternatively, the practitioner may prefer to rely on a single database, even if not all the building products and technical equipment have corresponding LCI/LCIA data.
The cradle-to-gate data can be adapted either for the production stage (e.g. French or German cradle-to-gate data used in a neighbouring country) or for the additional life cycle stages (Modules A4, A5, C and D).
Sometimes data are already presented as cradle-to-gate data: for example, the French EPD database (INIES) provides for some EPD cradle-to-grave results without information for the cradle-to-grave stage. In this case, the practitioner should carefully check whether the scenario and the boundaries for the gate-to-grave stages are relevant for the goal and scope of the study (e.g. according to EN 15804).
Scenarios are needed to assess the cradle-to-grave impacts depending on the goal and scope of the study (please refer to the corresponding aspects in every life cycle stages for each study type).
Even if cradle-to-grave data are available (e.g. French EPD for building products), the scenarios included in these data should be checked for consistency with the scenarios representative of the building under study.
If the EPD is broken down into different life cycle stages, the practitioner can then select the cradle-to-gate EPD information and adapt the gate-to-grave information.
the construction losses of building product (in %).
- other aspects (if relevant).
- the corresponding LCA data.
- the share of reuse, recovery and recycling potential for each type of building material.
Guidance for each module (and corresponding parameters) can be found in the corresponding chapter (Modules A, B, C and D); if not, he practitioner can use the scenarios proposed in building LCA tools (such as EQUER or ELODIE in France), or in building certification schemes.
This entry was posted in Existing buildings, New buildings and tagged Lifecycle stage: A (all modules), Lifecycle stage: A1-A3, Related study objective: comparative assertion, Related study objective: stand-alone LCA, Related study phase: Goal and scope definition, Study type: Complete LCA, Study type: Screening LCA, Study type: Simplified LCA by Zsoka Gyetvai. Bookmark the permalink. | {
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Swindon & Wiltshire Experts
Author Name: Emma Skinner
Managing the outlook – financial tips for 2023
Emma Skinner, associate director at Haines Watts accountants in Swindon, offers her top tips for a prosperous business in 2023
Running a business naturally comes with a multitude of stresses, not least the financial prospects of the economy.
Here are my top tips for a prosperous business in 2023:
1. Plan, plan and plan some more…
A business plan will most likely detail the key goals of the business and a timescale over which these goals will be achieved.
In the current climate, my top tip is for businesses to maintain detailed forecasts and budgets, covering cashflow, profitability and the balance sheet position for a rolling 12 month period.
This not only aids in monitoring and controlling budgeted spend but also enables you to proactively manage cashflow. It allows a business owner or director to be agile and responsive when it comes to their money. The earlier the business identifies cashflow shortages or unexpected growth, the easier it is to manage them and take action accordingly.
2. Negotiate…
As with most businesses soaring costs can be a real cause for concern. Where possible, agree costs in advance to avoid being impacted by market changes.
Having discussions with suppliers can be invaluable in managing costs and minimising cashflow risk. It's in everyone's interests to make business work well and to keep that business relationship on track.
3. Are you utilising what's available?
In a volatile economic climate, it is important to plan for bumps in the road and understand if there is any existing financing that is not fully utilised.
Armed with a detailed cashflow forecast, any business leader can test the funding tolerances and plan for any additional cashflow funding that may be required in the short, medium or even long term.
Having discussions with current lenders can be useful to understand if there are any extensions available to existing finance.
Over the past few years, there have been unprecedented challenges faced by businesses and, although we hope that we are not faced with such extreme situations in the future, businesses which plan in advance will be better placed to deal with the kind of uncertainty which has become the norm over the last few years.
Emma Skinner is associate director at Haines Watts Swindon https://www.hwca.com/accountants-swindon/
Swindon & Wiltshire Appointments
Secure Trust Bank real estate finance celebrates origination team's one year anniversary
Reading-based Secure Trust Bank real estate finance is celebrating the one-year anniversary of its origination team, which has doubled in size and seen the specialist property finance lender fund a number of new, unique deals in 2022. The first […]
Foreign and PE buyers boost surprisingly high deal count in UK Tech M&A, reveals ICON Corporate Finance
The number of UK tech M&A deals in 2022 was the second highest on record, according to research from Bristol-based tech-focused investment bank ICON Corporate Finance. Despite the global pandemic, war in Ukraine, falling equities, the highest inflation in […]
Tuesday January 17 2023
SWIG Finance announces new board chair
Business loans company SWIG Finance has announced a number of changes to its board, including the appointment of Christine Allison as the new chair, as part of a broader restructuring programme. Christine takes over from Richard Coombs, who has […]
Articles featuring - Haines Watts Swindon
Business leaders react to Autumn Statement
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Business world reacts to Budget | {
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In almost every other genocidal European expansion, books and manuscripts of the target population were destroyed. European conquests of the new world, which ironically happened at the same time as the Spanish Inquisition also wiped out the ancient civilizations of the new continent.
Make us cry so we do not have to feel guilty when we walk out of the mosque and go back to our daily routines? | {
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<?php
namespace backend\models;
use Yii;
/**
* This is the model class for table "category".
*
* @property integer $id_category
* @property string $name
* @property string $description
*/
class Category extends \yii\db\ActiveRecord
{
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public static function tableName()
{
return 'category';
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public function rules()
{
return [
[['name', 'description'], 'required'],
[['description'], 'string'],
[['name'], 'string', 'max' => 30],
];
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public function attributeLabels()
{
return [
'id_category' => 'Id Category',
'name' => 'Name',
'description' => 'Description',
];
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
* @return CategoryQuery the active query used by this AR class.
*/
public static function find()
{
return new CategoryQuery(get_called_class());
}
}
| {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaGithub"
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Kent was the talk of the town.
I regret what happened to Tuan.
Panos is older than I am.
What was it that Erwin bought yesterday?
Do you know where Micah might be?
Panacea realized Alan was unhappy.
Kikki was the one who actually wrote the letter.
If it's too hard for you, I'll ask Ken to do it.
Norman only has five health points left.
Sue put up a fight.
Brandy tried to talk Anthony out of going, but he wasn't able to.
My best friend was Billie when I was a little kid.
Rajiv couldn't find a place to park.
Sheila pushed her hair away from her face.
Kevyn washed the lenses of his glasses with warm, soapy water and dried them on a cloth.
Do you like the color of Glenn's dress?
If you had one word to describe Rogue, how would you describe him?
I saw Ernie getting into a dark blue van.
Laura comes here every other week.
What would you do if you were in Delbert's situation?
Rick put some salt on his eggs.
I know that Nathan isn't busy.
Nicolette went to work early.
Jeannette can't go home now.
Wade isn't old enough to go there by himself.
Gail opened the door and I went in.
Vassos no longer wants to go to Boston.
The donated money to the Red Cross to help survivors of the earthquake. | {
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Little Tokyo Metro stakeholders meeting
4:30p.m. - 6:30p.m.
Japanese American National Museum
369 E First St
Message from the Little Tokyo Community Council:
There will be a meeting of the Little Tokyo and Metro Regional Connector Light Rail Transit Team to discuss issues specific to the Little Tokyo area.
This is a very important meeting that would ultimately affect the future of Little Tokyo's landscape and environment. The Metro team will present 3-D models of the intersection of 1st & Alameda, and also Temple and Alameda, and will answer questions and concerns for the 4 alternatives for the Regional Connector that is being planned to travel through Little Tokyo. And also Metro will discuss potential construction activities and also present a sample of the construction mitigation process used during the Gold Line East Extension.
Metro wants to provide seamless travel for riders from all parts of Los Angeles County through Little Tokyo by providing service between existing Metro Blue and Gold Lines and the future Gold Line Eastside Extension and the Expo Line, which is slated to be operational in 2009 and 2010 respectively.
Gold Line (from East LA to Pasadena)
Blue Line (from Long Beach to Pasadena)
Expo Line (from Westside to East LA and also to Pasadena)
Stakeholders and businesses / residents / property owners / any interested parties to this important meeting to learn, first hand, about the 1st & Alameda intersection, and theTemple / Alameda options for the proposed Metro Regional Connector. This will affect the future landscape and environment of Little Tokyo, and the quality of life in Little Tokyo.
タグを追加するためにログインまたは登録
vkm . 更新日 7月 09 2010 12:12 p.m.
United Statesにおけるイベント
2月 7 Japanese for Kids: 3-5 Year Olds
2月 7 Japanese for Kids: 6-10 Year Olds | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaCommonCrawl"
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(-) Remove Experiments filter Experiments
"The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement" (1910), by Ross Granville Harrison
In "The Outgrowth of the Nerve Fiber as a Mode of Protoplasmic Movement," Ross Granville Harrison explores the growth of nerve fibers in vitro. The purpose of this experiment was to test two possible hypotheses for the growth of nerve fibers. Santiago Ramón y Cajal suggested that nerve growth is due to the extension of nerve fibers as they push through tissue. Victor Hensen's syncytial theory proposed an opposing view of nerve growth.
Lysogenic Bacteria as an Experimental Model at the Pasteur Institute (1915-1965)
Lysogenic bacteria, or virus-infected bacteria, were the primary experimental models used by scientists working in the laboratories of the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France, during the 1950s and 1960s. Historians of science have noted that the use of lysogenic bacteria as a model in microbiological research influenced the scientific achievements of the Pasteur Institute's scientists.
Subject: Organisms, Experiments
Ponseti's Treatment for Congenital Clubfoot (1963)
In 1963, Ignacio Ponseti and Eugene Smoley experimentally determined an effective and minimally invasive method of treating congenital clubfoot. Congenital clubfoot is a disorder in which a newborn's foot is rigidly turned inwards and upwards. During the early 1960s, orthopedists often relied on invasive surgical procedures to treat clubfoot.
"Congenital Club Foot in the Human Fetus" (1980), by Ernesto Ippolito and Ignacio Ponseti
In 1980, Ernesto Ippolito and Ignacio Ponseti published their results on a histological study they performed on congenital club foot in human fetuses. The researchers examined the feet of four aborted fetuses and compared the skeletal tissues from healthy feet to those affected by congenital club foot. Infants born with club foot are born with one or both feet rigidly twisted inwards and upwards, making typical movement painful and challenging.
China's First Baby Conceived through In Vitro Fertilization-Embryonic Transfer, by Zhang Lizhu's Research Team
On 10 March 1988, China's first baby conceived through human in vitro fertilization (IVF) and embryo transfer (ET), commonly referred to as a test-tube baby, was born at the Peking Hospital (PUTH) in Beijing. This birth was reported in numerous media reports as a huge step forward in China's long march to keep pace with global advances in science and technology. Led by gynecologist Zhang Lizhu, the PUTH research team had devoted more than four years to the human IVF-ET project.
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction
"Maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy is associated with peanut sensitization in atopic infants" (2010), by Scott Sicherer, et al.
In 2010, a team of US researchers concluded that the more peanuts a pregnant woman ate during her pregnancy, the more likely her newborn was to be sensitive to peanuts. They published their results in 2010's "Maternal consumption of peanut during pregnancy is associated with peanut sensitization in atopic infants." The work resulted from the collaboration of Scott Sicherer and Hugh Sampson, both from the Jaffe Food Allergy Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in New York, New York along with other colleagues.
A plant genetically modified that accumulates Pb is especially promising for phytoremediation (2003), by Carmina Gisbert et al.
In 2003, Carmina Gisbert and her research team produced a tobacco plant that could remove lead from soil. To do so, they inserted a gene from wheat plants that produces phytochelatin synthase into a shrub tobacco plant (Nicotiana glauca) to increase N. glauca's absorption and tolerance of toxic metals, particularly lead and cadmium. Gisbert and her team aimed to genetically modify a plant so that it could be used for phytoremediation- using plants to remove toxic substances from the soil.
Subject: Experiments, Technologies
Experiments on the Reproductive Costs of a Pure Capital Breeder, the Children's Python (Antaresia childreni) (2013), by Olivier Lourdais, Sophie Lorioux, and Dale F. DeNardo
In 2013, Olivier Lourdais, Sophie Lorioux, and Dale DeNardo conducted a study on the impact of the reproductive effort on the muscle size and the constriction strength of female Children's pythons. Children's pythons are pure capital breeders, meaning that they do not eat during vitellogenesis, a process in which egg-laying or oviparous species allocate bodily resources including fat, water, and protein to follicles in the ovary that develop into eggs.
"Presence of Fetal DNA in Maternal Plasma and Serum" (1997), by Dennis Lo, et al.
In the late 1990s researchers Yuk Ming Dennis Lo and his colleagues isolated fetal DNA extracted from pregnant woman's blood. The technique enabled for more efficient and less invasive diagnoses of genetic abnormalities in fetuses, such as having too many copies of chromosomes.
Robert Geoffrey Edwards's Study of Fertilization of Human Oocytes Matured in vitro, 1965 to 1969
Robert Geoffrey Edwards, a British developmental biologist at University of Cambridge, began exploring human in vitro fertilization (IVF) as a way to treat infertility in 1960. After successfully overcoming the problem of making mammalian oocytes mature in vitro in 1965, Edwards began to experiment with fertilizing matured eggs in vitro. Collaborating with other researchers, Edwards eventually fertilized a human egg in vitro in 1969. This was a huge step towards establishing human IVF as a viable fertility treatment.
"Experiments in Transplanting Limbs and Their Bearing Upon the Problems of the Development of Nerves" (1907), by Ross Granville Harrison
In his 1907 paper, "Experiments in Transplanting Limbs and Their Bearing Upon the Problems of the Development of Nerves," in the Journal of Experimental Zoology that he edited, Ross Granville Harrison tested the development of nerves in transplanted tissue. He studied neural development by examining two competing theories. Victor Hensen proposed a syncytial theory as a way to explain neural development, suggesting that all the nerves of an embryo were connected directly by cytoplasm laid down early in development, and leaving no room for later modification.
Viktor Hamburger's Study of Central-Peripheral Relations in the Development of Nervous System
An important question throughout the history of embryology is whether the formation of a biological structure is predetermined or shaped by its environment. If both intrinsic and environmental controls occur, how exactly do the two processes coordinate in crafting specific forms and functions? When Viktor Hamburger started his PhD study in embryology in the 1920s, few neuroembryologists were investigating how the central neurons innervate peripheral organs.
Barbara McClintock's Transposon Experiments in Maize (1931–1951)
Barbara McClintock conducted experiments on corn (Zea mays) in the United States in the mid-twentieth century to study the structure and function of the chromosomes in the cells. McClintock researched how genes combined in corn and proposed mechanisms for how those interactions are regulated. McClintock received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983, the first woman to win the prize without sharing it. McClintock won the award for her introduction of the concept of transposons, also called jumping genes.
Gastrulation in Mus musculus (common house mouse)
As mice embryos develop, they undergo a stage of development called gastrulation. The hallmark of vertebrate gastrulation is the reorganization of the inner cell mass (ICM) into the three germ layers: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. Mammalian embryogenesis occurs within organisms; therefore, gastrulation was originally described in species with easily observable embryos. For example, the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) is the most widely used organism to study gastrulation because the large embryos develop inside a translucent membrane.
Subject: Processes, Experiments
"The Potency of the First Two Cleavage Cells in Echinoderm Development. Experimental Production of Partial and Double Formations" (1891-1892), by Hans Driesch
Hans Adolf Eduard Driesch was a late-nineteenth and early-twentieth century philosopher and developmental biologist. In the spring of 1891 Driesch performed experiments using two-celled sea urchin embryos, the results of which challenged the then-accepted understanding of embryo development. Driesch showed that the cells of an early embryo, when separated, could each continue to develop into normal larval forms.
Stanley Alan Plotkin's Development of a Rubella Vaccine (1969)
In the US during the late 1960s, Stanley Alan Plotkin, John D. Farquhar, Michael Katz, and Fritz Buser isolated a strain of the infectious disease rubella and developed a rubella vaccine with a weakened, or attenuated, version of the virus strain. Rubella, also called German measles, is a highly contagious disease caused by the rubella virus that generally causes mild rashes and fever. However, in pregnant women, rubella infections can lead to developmental defects in their fetuses.
Julia Barlow Platt's Embryological Observations on Salamanders' Cartilage (1893)
In 1893, Julia Barlow Platt published her research on the origins of cartilage in the developing head of the common mudpuppy (Necturus maculosus) embryo. The mudpuppy is an aquatic salamander commonly used by embryologists because its large embryonic cells and nuclei are easy to see. Platt followed the paths of cells in developing mudpuppy embryos to see how embryonic cells migrated during the formation of the head. With her research, Platt challenged then current theories about germ layers, the types of cells in an early embryo that develop into adult cells.
Subject: Experiments, Theories, Processes
Jeffrey Weinzweig's Experiments on In Utero Cleft Palate Repair in Goats (1999-2002)
Jeffrey Weinzweig and his team, in the US at the turn of the twenty-first century, performed a series of experiments on fetal goats to study the feasibility of repairing cleft palates on organisms still in the womb. Weinzweig , a plastic surgeon who specialized in cleft palate repair, and his team developed a method to cause cleft palates in fetal goats that are similar to clefts that occur in human fetuses. Using their goat congenital model, the team developed a method to repair a congenital cleft palate in utero, or in the womb.
Subject: Experiments, Disorders
"The Effects of Wing Bud Extirpation on the Development of the Central Nervous System in Chick Embryos" (1934), by Viktor Hamburger
German embryologist Viktor Hamburger came to the US in 1932 with a fellowship provided by the Rockefeller Foundation. Hamburger started his research in Frank Rattray Lillie's laboratory at the University of Chicago. His two-year work on the development of the central nervous system (CNS) in chick embryos was crystallized in his 1934 paper, "The Effects of Wing Bud Extirpation on the Development of the Central Nervous System in Chick Embryos," published in The Journal of Experimental Zoology.
"Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals" (1939), by Abner Wolf et al.
In a series of experiments during mid 1930s, a team of researchers in New York helped establish that bacteria of the species Toxoplasma gondii can infect humans, and in infants can cause toxoplasmosis, a disease that inflames brains, lungs, and hearts, and that can organisms that have it. The team included Abner Wolf, David Cowen, and Beryl Paige. They published the results of their experiment in Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals.
Subject: Experiments, Reproduction, Disorders
HeLa Cell Line
The HeLa cell line was the first immortal human cell line that George Otto Gey, Margaret Gey, and Mary Kucibek first isolated from Henrietta Lacks and developed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1951. An immortal human cell line is a cluster of cells that continuously multiply on their own outside of the human from which they originated. Scientists use immortal human cell lines in their research to investigate how cells function in humans.
Subject: Technologies, Experiments, People, Ethics
Sonja Vernes, et al.'s Experiments On the Gene Networks Affected by the Foxp2 Protein (2011)
In 2011, Sonja Vernes and Simon Fisher performed a series of experiments to determine which developmental processes are controlled by the mouse protein Foxp2. Previous research showed that altering the Foxp2 protein changed how neurons grew, so Vernes and Fisher hypothesized that Foxp2 would affect gene networks that involved in the development of neurons, or nerve cells. Their results confirmed that Foxp2 affected the development of gene networks involved in the growth of neurons, as well as networks that are involved in cell specialization and cell communication.
Christopher Polge and Lionel Edward Aston Rowson's Experiments on the Freezing of Bull Spermatozoa (1950–1952)
In 1952, researchers Christopher Polge and Lionel Edward Aston Rowson, who worked at the Animal Research Center in Cambridge, England, detailed several experiments on protocols for freezing bull semen for use in the artificial insemination of cows. Freezing sperm extends the life of a viable sperm sample and allows it to be used at later times, such as in artificial insemination. The researchers examined the effects of freezing conditions on bull sperm and how well they produce fertilized embryos once thawed.
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel's Research on Optical Development in Kittens
During 1964, David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel studied the short and long term effects of depriving kittens of vision in one eye. In their experiments, Wiesel and Hubel used kittens as models for human children. Hubel and Wiesel researched whether the impairment of vision in one eye could be repaired or not and whether such impairments would impact vision later on in life. The researchers sewed one eye of a kitten shut for varying periods of time. | {
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Pre-season rolls on for the Ressies…
Having had what seems like too long away from matches, tonight saw Wayne, Callum and Brian take our reserves into competitive action once again – and this time it was a completely different challenge that was in store for the lads. Tonight's visitors to The County Ground were Bolton Castle – a team who ply their trade in the upper-echelons of the Rochdale & Bury Sunday League – and having watched them play already this summer, the coaches knew what they would be up against. These were a physical side who liked to put it about so this was going to be a good test for our young squad. That said, we have been doing really well over the course of the last few games so if we took that confidence into this, we should fare well. The early evening weather had held off too and with rain forecast, it had decided to stay away from Bolton long enough for our Graham to ensure the pitch was cut and lined beautifully. Not enough respect is given to groundsmen up and down the country but believe us when we say our Graham is worth his weight in gold. So as both teams started arriving. the scene was set for what promised to be another entertaining evening of football down at the County Ground…
The lads set about their warm-up's with passion but once again, it was a squad of players that hadn't been together as a group. There were several regular faces missing but that meant that there were chances for others to impress as we gear up to the real stuff starting in 10 days time. So when the starting 11 were announced, once again it saw the boss going with the 4-2-3-1 shape he is looking likely to employ a majority of the time. That meant that Pomf took his place between the sticks and the back four in front of him tonight saw Jake Lord in at right-back and a debut start for Rav on the left. Skipper for the night Matty partnered the returning Robbie Holt in the central area and Callum Chadwick replaced the injured Alex Williams in joining Liam in protecting the spaces just in front of them. With the luxury of lots of choices in the attacking areas, tonight we chose to go with Ste Palin on the right, Brian Millington on the left and that man Tom Robinson in the centre with Ricky once again ploughing a lone furrow up top. That meant tonight we had a strong bench of Adam Webber, Jude, Josh, Brad, Nathan and Faisal to choose from whenever we needed and with that, we were set. The coaches got their troops together and reminded them that to win this game, all we needed to do was concentrate. We knew that they would come and try to bully us – but this was about how we didn't react to anything and continued to play our football. We needed to play it on the floor to feet and when trying to unlock their defence, it was going to be about sliding it through the channels rather than playing it in the air and challenging the beast that is Alex Derbyshire for the ball. This was going to be about patience, probing and pressing and making sure we made our chances count. The lads knew that and as they trotted out, they looked in a determined mood. This was going to be feisty – but were our kids up for the battle? We'd soon find out…
The game started at a slow pace as both sides tried to work out how the other had set up – but it quickly became apparent that their 4-3-3 might be easy for us to manipulate. Sure – when they had the ball they outnumbered us in the middle of the park – but when Tommo dropped in a couple of yards we soon won possession of the football. Right from the off their intentions were clear and their No.9 showed us all how this was going to be with some early shirt-pulling and leaving his foot in – but all of this is actions that Wayne wants his lads to face – as to be successful, we will have to overcome whatever is in front of us. The referee was doing well already in exerting his authority and as the game began to settle down, it was the County lads that were looking the most likely. Callum Chadwick was working hard in the middle of the park and for a kid so young, he was doing really well in making sure he stamped his mark on the game – making some great tackles and laying off some tantalising passes through the channels – and as the half wore on, it was pretty tight at either end. Ricky was giving their back four things to think about but whenever he headed the knock-on's, we weren't anticipating it and that meant the ball was going right through to their keeper. And on 11 minutes, we won what was probably our 10th free-kick already and Matty put it down to take it. As he strolled forward, he swirled his ball in towards the back-post and their keeper seemed to make a hash of palming it away when it looked easier to simply pull it into his chest. That showed the County coaches wanted they needed to see – and from that point on they were encouraging the lads in blue to have a crack whenever they got a sniff of the goal. We decided to make some changes on 30 minutes – bringing Nathan on in place of Tom who had suffered a deep cut to the back of his leg, Jude came on in place of Callum and Adam slotted in on the left in place of Brian and on we went. Using the ball well when we got it down, we started to get in behind them on a regular basis and that's when we're at our best – so it was no surprise when we took the lead on 34 minutes. A good move through the middle saw us play the ball into the feet of Ricky and in one movement, he turned his defender and hit the bye-line. From an acute angle, he managed to dink a glorious cross back towards the opposite side and there was Ste Palin steaming in like a train to rise highest and arch his neck enough to connect it flush on his forehead and into the roof of their net. A great goal and just desserts for the effort we had put in so far. 1-0 County…
Still the visitors continued to push and pull their way through the game and the referee had to call the captains together a few times – but to the credit of our young lads, they were not backing down and walking away and this really pleased the boss. He had urged them not to get involved in the shenanigans but they were more than welcome to look after themselves and each other and Wayne, Cal or Brian would never take that away from them. For lads so young, it was great to see them doing it but we needed to focus on the football first and foremost and put this game to bed. Several chances came and went but in truth, it was the team in blue that were looking more likely. Jude had quickly became involved in the midfield battle and for a lad so young in years, he wasn't afraid to mix it up with the older guys in there. Robbie and Matty were marshalling the back-line well and with Rav and Brad given us that something extra on the flanks, we were looking good. We just needed to relax, get the ball down and play our stuff now. Pomf was hardly called into action during the first-half but what he did, he did well and when the referee decided that he had seen enough for the first-half and blew his whistle for the break, it was County that were coming in with the lead. Good effort lads…
Half-time: BOLTON COUNTY RESERVES 1-0 Bolton Castle
As the players came in for their drinks, they quickly gathered and started listening to the coaches. Sure we were in front but at times, we were not playing the way we all know we can. We were rushing things and when Nathan decided to come over to the right, we were finding ourselves out of shape and that meant that the visitors had an overload in midfield. Just keep to our positions, keep passing the ball and stop panicking. The Castle No.5 was gobbling up most headers in there so let's think about it and play it on the floor through the channels. Apart from that, we had done well so now it was about going out there and doing it for another 45 minutes. We were not going to change it yet so the lads got themselves ready and before we knew it, we were back out there and ready to go again…
The second half started much the same with the County lads trying to play football and the beefy Castle players doing whatever they could to stop us – but they were also showing a bit more up top and Pomf was forced into making a good save when he punched a shot clear that had been drilled at him from point-blank range. Up the other end came County though and we thought we had increased our lead when Nathan was put clean-through – only to take it forward and as their keeper came out to narrow the angle, Nathan's shot could only find his feet and the chance was gone. The tackles were still flying in at this point and the referee was putting in a good display in trying to keep a lid on it – but the lads in blue were still giving as good as they were getting and that was good for the coaches to see. And with 58 minutes on the clock, we made a good break down our left that saw the ball land at Adam Webber's feet. He shimmied one way and then other – loosing his marker with ease – but when push came to shove, his shot was tame and their keeper gladly smothered it into his ample chest. Unlucky but we were still getting sight of the goal with some regularity. And just past the hour-mark, we got the goal that our pressing had deserved. A neat 1-2 down the middle saw Ricky race onto the loose-ball and holding off his marker, he turned towards the bye-line before crafting out an inch-perfect cross to the onrushing Ste Palin and as he jumped high, there was only going to be one outcome. His forehead slammed into the middle of the ball and their keeper was helpless as it rifled past him and into the back of their net. A great goal! 2-0 to Bolton County and another example of Ste being in the right place at the right time. The home coaches were smiling a bit more now…
We made some wholesale changes at this point – going to a 4-4-2 shape that saw Brad in at right-back, Adam drop into left-back and Nathan go into left-midfield. Faisal and young Josh Nicholson came on to be the forward-pairing and on went the game. These changes seems to upset our rhythm for a while though and the experience of the old-heads within the Castle side could sense it. They began finding more spaces in which to penetrate us and Pomf made another fine save when he got on the end of a stinging drive from about 25 yards out to palm it away for a corner. As always, Wayne was demanding a clean-sheet now so this was about defending at all costs. We did see Josh manage to whip in a good shot that looked as though it had gone over – but then slammed against the crossbar and out for a throw – and as the seconds ticked away, it looked as though we were going to win this. Then came a moment of sheer assault that would have even been frowned upon in Bolton Town Centre on a Friday night. Callum had come back into the fray and with the Castle side having just made a sub as well, nothing seemed out of the ordinary. But moments later, with the ball at Callum's feet, their No.4 decided to lunge with both feet at the ball and in the process he almost managed to snap Callum in half. The referee had no choice – or hesitation – in going straight to his pocket to produce the red-card and even though everybody in the ground had seen it, some of their players were still trying to protest about it. Callum simply got up, dusted himself down and got on with it – a huge credit to her tender years. On went the game and with the bosses now urging us to manage this properly, we ticked into the final five minutes…
As we had done all game, we were putting in challenges and making sure that the opponents knew that we were not going to shy away from anything – but as the match ticked into time added on, Robbie was guilty of making a rash challenge on the edge of our box. From the County dug-out it looked like a penalty – so we breathed out loudly when only a free-kick was awarded. About 22 yards from goal, Pomf lined up his wall as Alex Derbyshire placed the ball down and knowing him as well as he does, Wayne was worried about this. True to form, the whistle went – and up stepped their striker to strike the ball with venom under and around our wall and as the ball nestled into the bottom corner of Pomf's net, the score was now stood at 2-1. Pomf was furious that he'd conceded so late in the game (another good sign for things to come) but in truth, there wasn't much he could do about it. It was an expertly-taken free-kick from one of football's good guys and Alex has been doing that for years all over the North West. But this was going to make the last few seconds of this match interesting now…
This was definitely about game management now and every time we got the ball, Wayne, Cal and Brian were urging their troops to hold it or play it simple. Whenever Pomf got it in his hands it was about thinking now and every second was a second closer to the victory. It's lessons like this that will stand us in good stead for the coming season – so when the referee decided that 92 minutes were enough and blew time to end the proceedings, it was County that were coming away from this one as the victors. A strong performance from our young squad against a set of men that will do well in their division and as the handshakes were done, all of the animosity and vigour from the match was gone. We really do wish the Bolton Castle lads well for the 2022-2023 season and we will be looking out for your results with interest. Thanks for coming down and giving us a game tonight and we look forward to seeing you all again soon. But this was about County now and having played five games in pre-season, we are yet to taste defeat. That could be a really good thing you know – but Wayne is also acutely aware that successful sides are built on how they react and respond – and tonight showed that at least we've the mettle to give a good account of ourselves. Special mentions must go to Jude for his battling and tenacity on the middle of the park, Callum Chadwick for his determination to just get on with it despite taking some crunching tackles and Robbie Holt for just being a menace at the back for the full 90 minutes. All the lads played their part out there and as we edge closer and closer to the start of the campaign, there's plenty to be excited about…
We move on. With no game planned for Saturday yet, it will either be training or a match for the lads and next weekend it all starts for real. Those first three points is what summer has been all about really hasn't it?
#UpTheCounty | {
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We're excited to bring you Hudson's first annual reading challenge! Do you love to read? Challenge yourself or your friends with this literary scavenger hunt and see how many points you can collect in 2018. Can you hit a perfect score and join the elite level? Download the link to get started today, and visit Hudson Booksellers stores and our website for ideas throughout the year! | {
"redpajama_set_name": "RedPajamaC4"
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